[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163676},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple":3,"nav-reference":1843},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1836,"extension":1837,"meta":1838,"navigation":159,"path":1839,"seo":1840,"stem":1841,"__hash__":1842},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1799},"minimark",[9,13,17,31,36,213,216,280,286,290,312,316,319,322,357,359,380,383,427,429,454,461,465,468,507,509,537,540,543,557,564,568,571,579,622,624,649,652,693,695,722,725,742,745,762,765,769,772,776,810,814,866,870,911,915,918,979,981,1022,1029,1035,1042,1046,1083,1085,1105,1109,1145,1147,1180,1183,1187,1224,1226,1253,1256,1260,1274,1281,1285,1288,1292,1295,1332,1335,1370,1374,1377,1417,1420,1459,1463,1465,1496,1499,1507,1510,1542,1545,1577,1580,1613,1615,1632,1636,1639,1705,1709,1713,1720,1724,1727,1731,1734,1738,1741,1748,1755,1759,1795],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,15,16],"p",{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,18,19,20,25,26,30],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[21,22,24],"a",{"href":23},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python"," or ",[21,27,29],{"href":28},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",".",[32,33,35],"h2",{"id":34},"quick-example","Quick example",[37,38,43],"pre",{"className":39,"code":40,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n","python","",[44,45,46,81,92,108,154,161,177,189,201],"code",{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48,51,55,59,63,67,70,73,75,78],"span",{"class":49,"line":50},"line",1,[47,52,54],{"class":53},"su5hD","numbers ",[47,56,58],{"class":57},"smGrS","=",[47,60,62],{"class":61},"sP7_E"," (",[47,64,66],{"class":65},"srdBf","1",[47,68,69],{"class":61},",",[47,71,72],{"class":65}," 2",[47,74,69],{"class":61},[47,76,77],{"class":65}," 3",[47,79,80],{"class":61},")\n",[47,82,84,87,89],{"class":49,"line":83},2,[47,85,86],{"class":53},"empty ",[47,88,58],{"class":57},[47,90,91],{"class":61}," ()\n",[47,93,95,98,100,102,105],{"class":49,"line":94},3,[47,96,97],{"class":53},"one_item ",[47,99,58],{"class":57},[47,101,62],{"class":61},[47,103,104],{"class":65},"5",[47,106,107],{"class":61},",)\n",[47,109,111,114,116,120,123,127,130,132,134,137,140,142,144,146,149,151],{"class":49,"line":110},4,[47,112,113],{"class":53},"from_list ",[47,115,58],{"class":57},[47,117,119],{"class":118},"sZMiF"," tuple",[47,121,122],{"class":61},"([",[47,124,126],{"class":125},"sjJ54","\"",[47,128,21],{"class":129},"s_sjI",[47,131,126],{"class":125},[47,133,69],{"class":61},[47,135,136],{"class":125}," \"",[47,138,139],{"class":129},"b",[47,141,126],{"class":125},[47,143,69],{"class":61},[47,145,136],{"class":125},[47,147,148],{"class":129},"c",[47,150,126],{"class":125},[47,152,153],{"class":61},"])\n",[47,155,157],{"class":49,"line":156},5,[47,158,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},true,"\n",[47,162,164,168,171,175],{"class":49,"line":163},6,[47,165,167],{"class":166},"sptTA","print",[47,169,170],{"class":61},"(",[47,172,174],{"class":173},"slqww","numbers",[47,176,80],{"class":61},[47,178,180,182,184,187],{"class":49,"line":179},7,[47,181,167],{"class":166},[47,183,170],{"class":61},[47,185,186],{"class":173},"empty",[47,188,80],{"class":61},[47,190,192,194,196,199],{"class":49,"line":191},8,[47,193,167],{"class":166},[47,195,170],{"class":61},[47,197,198],{"class":173},"one_item",[47,200,80],{"class":61},[47,202,204,206,208,211],{"class":49,"line":203},9,[47,205,167],{"class":166},[47,207,170],{"class":61},[47,209,210],{"class":173},"from_list",[47,212,80],{"class":61},[14,214,215],{},"Output:",[37,217,219],{"className":39,"code":218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[44,220,221,237,242,250],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,222,223,225,227,229,231,233,235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,224,170],{"class":61},[47,226,66],{"class":65},[47,228,69],{"class":61},[47,230,72],{"class":65},[47,232,69],{"class":61},[47,234,77],{"class":65},[47,236,80],{"class":61},[47,238,239],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,240,241],{"class":61},"()\n",[47,243,244,246,248],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,245,170],{"class":61},[47,247,104],{"class":65},[47,249,107],{"class":61},[47,251,252,254,257,259,261,263,266,268,270,272,274,276,278],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,253,170],{"class":61},[47,255,256],{"class":125},"'",[47,258,21],{"class":129},[47,260,256],{"class":125},[47,262,69],{"class":61},[47,264,265],{"class":125}," '",[47,267,139],{"class":129},[47,269,256],{"class":125},[47,271,69],{"class":61},[47,273,265],{"class":125},[47,275,148],{"class":129},[47,277,256],{"class":125},[47,279,80],{"class":61},[14,281,282,283,30],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[44,284,285],{},"(5,)",[32,287,289],{"id":288},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[291,292,293,297,300,303,306,309],"ul",{},[294,295,296],"li",{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[294,298,299],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[294,301,302],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[294,304,305],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[294,307,308],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[294,310,311],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[32,313,315],{"id":314},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,317,318],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,320,321],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[37,323,325],{"className":39,"code":324,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,326,327,347],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,328,329,331,333,335,337,339,341,343,345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,330,54],{"class":53},[47,332,58],{"class":57},[47,334,62],{"class":61},[47,336,66],{"class":65},[47,338,69],{"class":61},[47,340,72],{"class":65},[47,342,69],{"class":61},[47,344,77],{"class":65},[47,346,80],{"class":61},[47,348,349,351,353,355],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,350,167],{"class":166},[47,352,170],{"class":61},[47,354,174],{"class":173},[47,356,80],{"class":61},[14,358,215],{},[37,360,362],{"className":39,"code":361,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[44,363,364],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,365,366,368,370,372,374,376,378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,367,170],{"class":61},[47,369,66],{"class":65},[47,371,69],{"class":61},[47,373,72],{"class":65},[47,375,69],{"class":61},[47,377,77],{"class":65},[47,379,80],{"class":61},[14,381,382],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[37,384,386],{"className":39,"code":385,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[44,387,388,416],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,389,390,393,395,397,399,401,403,406,408,410,414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,391,392],{"class":53},"data ",[47,394,58],{"class":57},[47,396,62],{"class":61},[47,398,66],{"class":65},[47,400,69],{"class":61},[47,402,136],{"class":125},[47,404,405],{"class":129},"apple",[47,407,126],{"class":125},[47,409,69],{"class":61},[47,411,413],{"class":412},"s39Yj"," True",[47,415,80],{"class":61},[47,417,418,420,422,425],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,419,167],{"class":166},[47,421,170],{"class":61},[47,423,424],{"class":173},"data",[47,426,80],{"class":61},[14,428,215],{},[37,430,432],{"className":39,"code":431,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[44,433,434],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,435,436,438,440,442,444,446,448,450,452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,437,170],{"class":61},[47,439,66],{"class":65},[47,441,69],{"class":61},[47,443,265],{"class":125},[47,445,405],{"class":129},[47,447,256],{"class":125},[47,449,69],{"class":61},[47,451,413],{"class":412},[47,453,80],{"class":61},[14,455,456,457,30],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[21,458,460],{"href":459},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[32,462,464],{"id":463},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,466,467],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[37,469,471],{"className":39,"code":470,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[44,472,473,481,491],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,474,475,477,479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,476,86],{"class":53},[47,478,58],{"class":57},[47,480,91],{"class":61},[47,482,483,485,487,489],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,484,167],{"class":166},[47,486,170],{"class":61},[47,488,186],{"class":173},[47,490,80],{"class":61},[47,492,493,495,497,500,502,504],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,494,167],{"class":166},[47,496,170],{"class":61},[47,498,499],{"class":118},"type",[47,501,170],{"class":61},[47,503,186],{"class":173},[47,505,506],{"class":61},"))\n",[14,508,215],{},[37,510,512],{"className":39,"code":511,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[44,513,514,518],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,515,516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,517,241],{"class":61},[47,519,520,523,527,529,532,534],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,521,522],{"class":57},"\u003C",[47,524,526],{"class":525},"sbsja","class",[47,528,265],{"class":125},[47,530,531],{"class":129},"tuple",[47,533,256],{"class":125},[47,535,536],{"class":57},">\n",[14,538,539],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,541,542],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[291,544,545,551],{},[294,546,547,548],{},"Empty tuple: ",[44,549,550],{},"()",[294,552,553,554],{},"Empty list: ",[44,555,556],{},"[]",[14,558,559,560,30],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[21,561,563],{"href":562},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","Python list: creating a list",[32,565,567],{"id":566},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,569,570],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,572,573,574,578],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[575,576,577],"strong",{},"not"," automatically a tuple:",[37,580,582],{"className":39,"code":581,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[44,583,584,597,608],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,585,586,589,591,593,595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,587,588],{"class":53},"value ",[47,590,58],{"class":57},[47,592,62],{"class":61},[47,594,104],{"class":65},[47,596,80],{"class":61},[47,598,599,601,603,606],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,600,167],{"class":166},[47,602,170],{"class":61},[47,604,605],{"class":173},"value",[47,607,80],{"class":61},[47,609,610,612,614,616,618,620],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,611,167],{"class":166},[47,613,170],{"class":61},[47,615,499],{"class":118},[47,617,170],{"class":61},[47,619,605],{"class":173},[47,621,506],{"class":61},[14,623,215],{},[37,625,627],{"className":39,"code":626,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[44,628,629,634],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,630,631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,632,633],{"class":65},"5\n",[47,635,636,638,640,642,645,647],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,637,522],{"class":57},[47,639,526],{"class":525},[47,641,265],{"class":125},[47,643,644],{"class":129},"int",[47,646,256],{"class":125},[47,648,536],{"class":57},[14,650,651],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[37,653,655],{"className":39,"code":654,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[44,656,657,669,679],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,658,659,661,663,665,667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,660,97],{"class":53},[47,662,58],{"class":57},[47,664,62],{"class":61},[47,666,104],{"class":65},[47,668,107],{"class":61},[47,670,671,673,675,677],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,672,167],{"class":166},[47,674,170],{"class":61},[47,676,198],{"class":173},[47,678,80],{"class":61},[47,680,681,683,685,687,689,691],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,682,167],{"class":166},[47,684,170],{"class":61},[47,686,499],{"class":118},[47,688,170],{"class":61},[47,690,198],{"class":173},[47,692,506],{"class":61},[14,694,215],{},[37,696,698],{"className":39,"code":697,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[44,699,700,708],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,701,702,704,706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,703,170],{"class":61},[47,705,104],{"class":65},[47,707,107],{"class":61},[47,709,710,712,714,716,718,720],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,711,522],{"class":57},[47,713,526],{"class":525},[47,715,265],{"class":125},[47,717,531],{"class":129},[47,719,256],{"class":125},[47,721,536],{"class":57},[14,723,724],{},"Correct:",[37,726,728],{"className":39,"code":727,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(\"apple\",)\n",[44,729,730],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,731,732,734,736,738,740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,733,170],{"class":61},[47,735,126],{"class":125},[47,737,405],{"class":129},[47,739,126],{"class":125},[47,741,107],{"class":61},[14,743,744],{},"Wrong:",[37,746,748],{"className":39,"code":747,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(\"apple\")\n",[44,749,750],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,751,752,754,756,758,760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,753,170],{"class":61},[47,755,126],{"class":125},[47,757,405],{"class":129},[47,759,126],{"class":125},[47,761,80],{"class":61},[14,763,764],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[32,766,768],{"id":767},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,770,771],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[773,774,775],"h3",{"id":174},"Numbers",[37,777,778],{"className":39,"code":324,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,779,780,800],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,781,782,784,786,788,790,792,794,796,798],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,783,54],{"class":53},[47,785,58],{"class":57},[47,787,62],{"class":61},[47,789,66],{"class":65},[47,791,69],{"class":61},[47,793,72],{"class":65},[47,795,69],{"class":61},[47,797,77],{"class":65},[47,799,80],{"class":61},[47,801,802,804,806,808],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,803,167],{"class":166},[47,805,170],{"class":61},[47,807,174],{"class":173},[47,809,80],{"class":61},[773,811,813],{"id":812},"strings","Strings",[37,815,817],{"className":39,"code":816,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[44,818,819,855],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,820,821,824,826,828,830,833,835,837,839,842,844,846,848,851,853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,822,823],{"class":53},"colors ",[47,825,58],{"class":57},[47,827,62],{"class":61},[47,829,126],{"class":125},[47,831,832],{"class":129},"red",[47,834,126],{"class":125},[47,836,69],{"class":61},[47,838,136],{"class":125},[47,840,841],{"class":129},"green",[47,843,126],{"class":125},[47,845,69],{"class":61},[47,847,136],{"class":125},[47,849,850],{"class":129},"blue",[47,852,126],{"class":125},[47,854,80],{"class":61},[47,856,857,859,861,864],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,858,167],{"class":166},[47,860,170],{"class":61},[47,862,863],{"class":173},"colors",[47,865,80],{"class":61},[773,867,869],{"id":868},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[37,871,873],{"className":39,"code":872,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[44,874,875,900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,876,877,880,882,884,886,888,890,892,894,896,898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,878,879],{"class":53},"mixed ",[47,881,58],{"class":57},[47,883,62],{"class":61},[47,885,66],{"class":65},[47,887,69],{"class":61},[47,889,136],{"class":125},[47,891,405],{"class":129},[47,893,126],{"class":125},[47,895,69],{"class":61},[47,897,413],{"class":412},[47,899,80],{"class":61},[47,901,902,904,906,909],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,903,167],{"class":166},[47,905,170],{"class":61},[47,907,908],{"class":173},"mixed",[47,910,80],{"class":61},[773,912,914],{"id":913},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,916,917],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[37,919,921],{"className":39,"code":920,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[44,922,923,968],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,924,925,928,930,932,934,936,938,940,942,944,946,948,950,952,955,958,961,963,966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,926,927],{"class":53},"nested ",[47,929,58],{"class":57},[47,931,62],{"class":61},[47,933,66],{"class":65},[47,935,69],{"class":61},[47,937,62],{"class":61},[47,939,126],{"class":125},[47,941,21],{"class":129},[47,943,126],{"class":125},[47,945,69],{"class":61},[47,947,136],{"class":125},[47,949,139],{"class":129},[47,951,126],{"class":125},[47,953,954],{"class":61},"),",[47,956,957],{"class":61}," [",[47,959,960],{"class":65},"10",[47,962,69],{"class":61},[47,964,965],{"class":65}," 20",[47,967,153],{"class":61},[47,969,970,972,974,977],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,971,167],{"class":166},[47,973,170],{"class":61},[47,975,976],{"class":173},"nested",[47,978,80],{"class":61},[14,980,215],{},[37,982,984],{"className":39,"code":983,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[44,985,986],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,987,988,990,992,994,996,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,989,170],{"class":61},[47,991,66],{"class":65},[47,993,69],{"class":61},[47,995,62],{"class":61},[47,997,256],{"class":125},[47,999,21],{"class":129},[47,1001,256],{"class":125},[47,1003,69],{"class":61},[47,1005,265],{"class":125},[47,1007,139],{"class":129},[47,1009,256],{"class":125},[47,1011,954],{"class":61},[47,1013,957],{"class":61},[47,1015,960],{"class":65},[47,1017,69],{"class":61},[47,1019,965],{"class":65},[47,1021,153],{"class":61},[32,1023,1025,1026],{"id":1024},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[44,1027,1028],{},"tuple()",[14,1030,1031,1032,1034],{},"You can use the built-in ",[44,1033,1028],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,1036,1037,1038,30],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[21,1039,1041],{"href":1040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[773,1043,1045],{"id":1044},"from-a-list","From a list",[37,1047,1049],{"className":39,"code":1048,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,1050,1051,1073],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1052,1053,1055,1057,1059,1061,1063,1065,1067,1069,1071],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1054,54],{"class":53},[47,1056,58],{"class":57},[47,1058,119],{"class":118},[47,1060,122],{"class":61},[47,1062,66],{"class":65},[47,1064,69],{"class":61},[47,1066,72],{"class":65},[47,1068,69],{"class":61},[47,1070,77],{"class":65},[47,1072,153],{"class":61},[47,1074,1075,1077,1079,1081],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1076,167],{"class":166},[47,1078,170],{"class":61},[47,1080,174],{"class":173},[47,1082,80],{"class":61},[14,1084,215],{},[37,1086,1087],{"className":39,"code":361,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,1088,1089],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1090,1091,1093,1095,1097,1099,1101,1103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1092,170],{"class":61},[47,1094,66],{"class":65},[47,1096,69],{"class":61},[47,1098,72],{"class":65},[47,1100,69],{"class":61},[47,1102,77],{"class":65},[47,1104,80],{"class":61},[773,1106,1108],{"id":1107},"from-a-string","From a string",[37,1110,1112],{"className":39,"code":1111,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[44,1113,1114,1134],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1115,1116,1119,1121,1123,1125,1127,1130,1132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1117,1118],{"class":53},"letters ",[47,1120,58],{"class":57},[47,1122,119],{"class":118},[47,1124,170],{"class":61},[47,1126,126],{"class":125},[47,1128,1129],{"class":129},"abc",[47,1131,126],{"class":125},[47,1133,80],{"class":61},[47,1135,1136,1138,1140,1143],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1137,167],{"class":166},[47,1139,170],{"class":61},[47,1141,1142],{"class":173},"letters",[47,1144,80],{"class":61},[14,1146,215],{},[37,1148,1150],{"className":39,"code":1149,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[44,1151,1152],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1153,1154,1156,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1155,170],{"class":61},[47,1157,256],{"class":125},[47,1159,21],{"class":129},[47,1161,256],{"class":125},[47,1163,69],{"class":61},[47,1165,265],{"class":125},[47,1167,139],{"class":129},[47,1169,256],{"class":125},[47,1171,69],{"class":61},[47,1173,265],{"class":125},[47,1175,148],{"class":129},[47,1177,256],{"class":125},[47,1179,80],{"class":61},[14,1181,1182],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[773,1184,1186],{"id":1185},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[37,1188,1190],{"className":39,"code":1189,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[44,1191,1192,1213],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1193,1194,1197,1199,1201,1203,1206,1208,1211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1195,1196],{"class":53},"values ",[47,1198,58],{"class":57},[47,1200,119],{"class":118},[47,1202,170],{"class":61},[47,1204,1205],{"class":166},"range",[47,1207,170],{"class":61},[47,1209,1210],{"class":65},"4",[47,1212,506],{"class":61},[47,1214,1215,1217,1219,1222],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1216,167],{"class":166},[47,1218,170],{"class":61},[47,1220,1221],{"class":173},"values",[47,1223,80],{"class":61},[14,1225,215],{},[37,1227,1229],{"className":39,"code":1228,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[44,1230,1231],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1232,1233,1235,1238,1240,1243,1245,1247,1249,1251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1234,170],{"class":61},[47,1236,1237],{"class":65},"0",[47,1239,69],{"class":61},[47,1241,1242],{"class":65}," 1",[47,1244,69],{"class":61},[47,1246,72],{"class":65},[47,1248,69],{"class":61},[47,1250,77],{"class":65},[47,1252,80],{"class":61},[14,1254,1255],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[32,1257,1259],{"id":1258},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[291,1261,1262,1265,1268,1271],{},[294,1263,1264],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[294,1266,1267],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[294,1269,1270],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[294,1272,1273],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,1275,1276,1277,30],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[21,1278,1280],{"href":1279},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[32,1282,1284],{"id":1283},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1286,1287],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[773,1289,1291],{"id":1290},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,1293,1294],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[37,1296,1298],{"className":39,"code":1297,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[44,1299,1300,1317],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1301,1302,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1303,1304],{"class":53},"item ",[47,1306,58],{"class":57},[47,1308,62],{"class":61},[47,1310,126],{"class":125},[47,1312,405],{"class":129},[47,1314,126],{"class":125},[47,1316,80],{"class":61},[47,1318,1319,1321,1323,1325,1327,1330],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1320,167],{"class":166},[47,1322,170],{"class":61},[47,1324,499],{"class":118},[47,1326,170],{"class":61},[47,1328,1329],{"class":173},"item",[47,1331,506],{"class":61},[14,1333,1334],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[37,1336,1338],{"className":39,"code":1337,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[44,1339,1340,1356],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1341,1342,1344,1346,1348,1350,1352,1354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1343,1304],{"class":53},[47,1345,58],{"class":57},[47,1347,62],{"class":61},[47,1349,126],{"class":125},[47,1351,405],{"class":129},[47,1353,126],{"class":125},[47,1355,107],{"class":61},[47,1357,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1359,167],{"class":166},[47,1361,170],{"class":61},[47,1363,499],{"class":118},[47,1365,170],{"class":61},[47,1367,1329],{"class":173},[47,1369,506],{"class":61},[773,1371,1373],{"id":1372},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,1375,1376],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[37,1378,1380],{"className":39,"code":1379,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[44,1381,1382,1403],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1383,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398,1400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1385,1196],{"class":53},[47,1387,58],{"class":57},[47,1389,957],{"class":61},[47,1391,66],{"class":65},[47,1393,69],{"class":61},[47,1395,72],{"class":65},[47,1397,69],{"class":61},[47,1399,77],{"class":65},[47,1401,1402],{"class":61},"]\n",[47,1404,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1406,167],{"class":166},[47,1408,170],{"class":61},[47,1410,499],{"class":118},[47,1412,170],{"class":61},[47,1414,1221],{"class":173},[47,1416,506],{"class":61},[14,1418,1419],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[37,1421,1423],{"className":39,"code":1422,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[44,1424,1425,1445],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1426,1427,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441,1443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1428,1196],{"class":53},[47,1430,58],{"class":57},[47,1432,62],{"class":61},[47,1434,66],{"class":65},[47,1436,69],{"class":61},[47,1438,72],{"class":65},[47,1440,69],{"class":61},[47,1442,77],{"class":65},[47,1444,80],{"class":61},[47,1446,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1448,167],{"class":166},[47,1450,170],{"class":61},[47,1452,499],{"class":118},[47,1454,170],{"class":61},[47,1456,1221],{"class":173},[47,1458,506],{"class":61},[773,1460,1462],{"id":1461},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,1464,1270],{},[37,1466,1468],{"className":39,"code":1467,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[44,1469,1470,1490],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1471,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1473,54],{"class":53},[47,1475,58],{"class":57},[47,1477,62],{"class":61},[47,1479,66],{"class":65},[47,1481,69],{"class":61},[47,1483,72],{"class":65},[47,1485,69],{"class":61},[47,1487,77],{"class":65},[47,1489,80],{"class":61},[47,1491,1492],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1493,1495],{"class":1494},"sutJx","# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,1497,1498],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[773,1500,1502,1503,1506],{"id":1501},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple","Confusing ",[44,1504,1505],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,1508,1509],{},"This:",[37,1511,1512],{"className":39,"code":1111,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,1513,1514,1532],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1515,1516,1518,1520,1522,1524,1526,1528,1530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1517,1118],{"class":53},[47,1519,58],{"class":57},[47,1521,119],{"class":118},[47,1523,170],{"class":61},[47,1525,126],{"class":125},[47,1527,1129],{"class":129},[47,1529,126],{"class":125},[47,1531,80],{"class":61},[47,1533,1534,1536,1538,1540],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1535,167],{"class":166},[47,1537,170],{"class":61},[47,1539,1142],{"class":173},[47,1541,80],{"class":61},[14,1543,1544],{},"gives:",[37,1546,1547],{"className":39,"code":1149,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,1548,1549],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1550,1551,1553,1555,1557,1559,1561,1563,1565,1567,1569,1571,1573,1575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1552,170],{"class":61},[47,1554,256],{"class":125},[47,1556,21],{"class":129},[47,1558,256],{"class":125},[47,1560,69],{"class":61},[47,1562,265],{"class":125},[47,1564,139],{"class":129},[47,1566,256],{"class":125},[47,1568,69],{"class":61},[47,1570,265],{"class":125},[47,1572,148],{"class":129},[47,1574,256],{"class":125},[47,1576,80],{"class":61},[14,1578,1579],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[37,1581,1583],{"className":39,"code":1582,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[44,1584,1585,1602],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1586,1587,1590,1592,1594,1596,1598,1600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1588,1589],{"class":53},"word ",[47,1591,58],{"class":57},[47,1593,62],{"class":61},[47,1595,126],{"class":125},[47,1597,1129],{"class":129},[47,1599,126],{"class":125},[47,1601,107],{"class":61},[47,1603,1604,1606,1608,1611],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1605,167],{"class":166},[47,1607,170],{"class":61},[47,1609,1610],{"class":173},"word",[47,1612,80],{"class":61},[14,1614,215],{},[37,1616,1618],{"className":39,"code":1617,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('abc',)\n",[44,1619,1620],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1621,1622,1624,1626,1628,1630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1623,170],{"class":61},[47,1625,256],{"class":125},[47,1627,1129],{"class":129},[47,1629,256],{"class":125},[47,1631,107],{"class":61},[773,1633,1635],{"id":1634},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,1637,1638],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[37,1640,1642],{"className":39,"code":1641,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[44,1643,1644,1661,1665,1676,1690],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1645,1646,1649,1651,1653,1655,1657,1659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1647,1648],{"class":53},"my_tuple ",[47,1650,58],{"class":57},[47,1652,62],{"class":61},[47,1654,126],{"class":125},[47,1656,405],{"class":129},[47,1658,126],{"class":125},[47,1660,107],{"class":61},[47,1662,1663],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1664,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,1666,1667,1669,1671,1674],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,1668,167],{"class":166},[47,1670,170],{"class":61},[47,1672,1673],{"class":173},"my_tuple",[47,1675,80],{"class":61},[47,1677,1678,1680,1682,1684,1686,1688],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,1679,167],{"class":166},[47,1681,170],{"class":61},[47,1683,499],{"class":118},[47,1685,170],{"class":61},[47,1687,1673],{"class":173},[47,1689,506],{"class":61},[47,1691,1692,1694,1696,1699,1701,1703],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,1693,167],{"class":166},[47,1695,170],{"class":61},[47,1697,1698],{"class":166},"len",[47,1700,170],{"class":61},[47,1702,1673],{"class":173},[47,1704,506],{"class":61},[32,1706,1708],{"id":1707},"faq","FAQ",[773,1710,1712],{"id":1711},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,1714,1715,1716,1719],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[44,1717,1718],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[773,1721,1723],{"id":1722},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,1725,1726],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[773,1728,1730],{"id":1729},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,1732,1733],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[773,1735,1737],{"id":1736},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,1739,1740],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[773,1742,1744,1745,1747],{"id":1743},"what-does-tupleabc-return","What does ",[44,1746,1505],{}," return?",[14,1749,1750,1751,1754],{},"It returns ",[44,1752,1753],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[32,1756,1758],{"id":1757},"see-also","See also",[291,1760,1761,1765,1769,1775,1781,1786,1790],{},[294,1762,1763],{},[21,1764,29],{"href":28},[294,1766,1767],{},[21,1768,460],{"href":459},[294,1770,1771],{},[21,1772,1774],{"href":1773},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[294,1776,1777],{},[21,1778,1780],{"href":1779},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with len()",[294,1782,1783],{},[21,1784,1785],{"href":23},"What is a tuple in Python?",[294,1787,1788],{},[21,1789,1041],{"href":1040},[294,1791,1792],{},[21,1793,1794],{"href":1279},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1796,1797,1798],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":1800},[1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1812,1818,1819,1827,1835],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":288,"depth":83,"text":289},{"id":314,"depth":83,"text":315},{"id":463,"depth":83,"text":464},{"id":566,"depth":83,"text":567},{"id":767,"depth":83,"text":768,"children":1807},[1808,1809,1810,1811],{"id":174,"depth":94,"text":775},{"id":812,"depth":94,"text":813},{"id":868,"depth":94,"text":869},{"id":913,"depth":94,"text":914},{"id":1024,"depth":83,"text":1813,"children":1814},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[1815,1816,1817],{"id":1044,"depth":94,"text":1045},{"id":1107,"depth":94,"text":1108},{"id":1185,"depth":94,"text":1186},{"id":1258,"depth":83,"text":1259},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":1820},[1821,1822,1823,1824,1826],{"id":1290,"depth":94,"text":1291},{"id":1372,"depth":94,"text":1373},{"id":1461,"depth":94,"text":1462},{"id":1501,"depth":94,"text":1825},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":1634,"depth":94,"text":1635},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":1828},[1829,1830,1831,1832,1833],{"id":1711,"depth":94,"text":1712},{"id":1722,"depth":94,"text":1723},{"id":1729,"depth":94,"text":1730},{"id":1736,"depth":94,"text":1737},{"id":1743,"depth":94,"text":1834},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":5,"description":1836},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",[1844,3440,5152,6846,8988,11187,12707,14882,17085,19543,21380,23945,26044,28326,30273,32184,34181,35621,37447,39970,42131,43360,44731,46379,48700,50543,52525,54219,55472,57163,58914,60883,62633,64730,66090,68041,69604,71595,73390,75290,77732,79810,82450,84479,86442,88630,90634,92947,94629,96074,97268,98446,100286,102726,104430,106441,107965,109210,110373,111755,113826,115723,117497,119363,121482,123222,124684,126276,128199,129876,131811,133300,136084,137661,139220,141248,143200,144663,145852,147738,149145,150686,152240,153662,155065,156963,159357,161188],{"id":1845,"title":1846,"body":1847,"description":3434,"extension":1837,"meta":3435,"navigation":159,"path":3436,"seo":3437,"stem":3438,"__hash__":3439},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1848,"toc":3406},[1849,1852,1859,1862,1873,1876,1878,1943,1945,1965,1971,1975,1980,1983,1998,2001,2026,2029,2033,2036,2052,2055,2081,2084,2144,2146,2161,2171,2182,2186,2189,2242,2244,2264,2267,2291,2298,2302,2307,2313,2315,2351,2353,2362,2369,2386,2389,2401,2405,2410,2414,2417,2438,2440,2498,2500,2508,2511,2515,2547,2549,2557,2560,2564,2569,2617,2619,2627,2631,2691,2693,2701,2704,2706,2710,2713,2736,2745,2761,2812,2814,2828,2839,2843,2846,2874,2881,2885,2890,2931,2933,2944,2947,2990,2992,3000,3004,3009,3031,3033,3042,3051,3055,3060,3082,3084,3154,3156,3203,3206,3209,3212,3292,3294,3325,3327,3331,3334,3338,3341,3345,3348,3352,3364,3368,3371,3373,3403],[10,1850,1846],{"id":1851},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,1853,1854,1855,1858],{},"The ",[44,1856,1857],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1860,1861],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[291,1863,1864,1867,1870],{},[294,1865,1866],{},"a number without its negative sign",[294,1868,1869],{},"the distance between two numbers",[294,1871,1872],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,1874,1875],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[32,1877,35],{"id":34},[37,1879,1881],{"className":39,"code":1880,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[44,1882,1883,1902,1917],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1884,1885,1887,1889,1892,1894,1897,1900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1886,167],{"class":166},[47,1888,170],{"class":61},[47,1890,1891],{"class":166},"abs",[47,1893,170],{"class":61},[47,1895,1896],{"class":57},"-",[47,1898,1899],{"class":65},"7",[47,1901,506],{"class":61},[47,1903,1904,1906,1908,1910,1912,1915],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1905,167],{"class":166},[47,1907,170],{"class":61},[47,1909,1891],{"class":166},[47,1911,170],{"class":61},[47,1913,1914],{"class":65},"3.5",[47,1916,506],{"class":61},[47,1918,1919,1921,1923,1925,1927,1929,1932,1935,1938,1941],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,1920,167],{"class":166},[47,1922,170],{"class":61},[47,1924,1891],{"class":166},[47,1926,170],{"class":61},[47,1928,1896],{"class":57},[47,1930,1931],{"class":65},"2",[47,1933,1934],{"class":57},"+",[47,1936,1937],{"class":65},"3",[47,1939,1940],{"class":525},"j",[47,1942,506],{"class":61},[14,1944,215],{},[37,1946,1948],{"className":39,"code":1947,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[44,1949,1950,1955,1960],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,1951,1952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1953,1954],{"class":65},"7\n",[47,1956,1957],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1958,1959],{"class":65},"3.5\n",[47,1961,1962],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,1963,1964],{"class":65},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,1966,1967,1968,1970],{},"Use ",[44,1969,1857],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[32,1972,1974],{"id":1973},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,1976,1977,1979],{},[44,1978,1857],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1981,1982],{},"That means:",[291,1984,1985,1988,1991],{},[294,1986,1987],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[294,1989,1990],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[294,1992,1993,1995,1996],{},[44,1994,1237],{}," stays ",[44,1997,1237],{},[14,1999,2000],{},"Examples:",[291,2002,2003,2011,2019],{},[294,2004,2005,2008,2009],{},[44,2006,2007],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[44,2010,104],{},[294,2012,2013,2008,2016],{},[44,2014,2015],{},"abs(9)",[44,2017,2018],{},"9",[294,2020,2021,2008,2024],{},[44,2022,2023],{},"abs(0)",[44,2025,1237],{},[14,2027,2028],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[32,2030,2032],{"id":2031},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,2034,2035],{},"The syntax is:",[37,2037,2039],{"className":39,"code":2038,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"abs(x)\n",[44,2040,2041],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2042,2043,2045,2047,2050],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2044,1891],{"class":166},[47,2046,170],{"class":61},[47,2048,2049],{"class":173},"x",[47,2051,80],{"class":61},[14,2053,2054],{},"Here:",[291,2056,2057,2073,2078],{},[294,2058,2059,2061,2062,2064,2065,2068,2069,2072],{},[44,2060,2049],{}," is usually an ",[44,2063,644],{},", ",[44,2066,2067],{},"float",", or ",[44,2070,2071],{},"complex"," number",[294,2074,2075,2077],{},[44,2076,1857],{}," returns a new value",[294,2079,2080],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2082,2083],{},"Example:",[37,2085,2087],{"className":39,"code":2086,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[44,2088,2089,2102,2119,2123,2133],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2090,2091,2094,2096,2099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2092,2093],{"class":53},"number ",[47,2095,58],{"class":57},[47,2097,2098],{"class":57}," -",[47,2100,2101],{"class":65},"12\n",[47,2103,2104,2107,2109,2112,2114,2117],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2105,2106],{"class":53},"result ",[47,2108,58],{"class":57},[47,2110,2111],{"class":166}," abs",[47,2113,170],{"class":61},[47,2115,2116],{"class":173},"number",[47,2118,80],{"class":61},[47,2120,2121],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2122,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,2124,2125,2127,2129,2131],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,2126,167],{"class":166},[47,2128,170],{"class":61},[47,2130,2116],{"class":173},[47,2132,80],{"class":61},[47,2134,2135,2137,2139,2142],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,2136,167],{"class":166},[47,2138,170],{"class":61},[47,2140,2141],{"class":173},"result",[47,2143,80],{"class":61},[14,2145,215],{},[37,2147,2149],{"className":39,"code":2148,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"-12\n12\n",[44,2150,2151,2157],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2152,2153,2155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2154,1896],{"class":57},[47,2156,2101],{"class":65},[47,2158,2159],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2160,2101],{"class":65},[14,2162,2163,2164,2166,2167,2170],{},"Notice that ",[44,2165,2116],{}," is still ",[44,2168,2169],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2172,2173,2174,2181],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[21,2175,2177,2180],{"href":2176},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[44,2178,2179],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[32,2183,2185],{"id":2184},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2187,2188],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[37,2190,2192],{"className":39,"code":2191,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[44,2193,2194,2210,2225],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2195,2196,2198,2200,2202,2204,2206,2208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2197,167],{"class":166},[47,2199,170],{"class":61},[47,2201,1891],{"class":166},[47,2203,170],{"class":61},[47,2205,1896],{"class":57},[47,2207,960],{"class":65},[47,2209,506],{"class":61},[47,2211,2212,2214,2216,2218,2220,2223],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2213,167],{"class":166},[47,2215,170],{"class":61},[47,2217,1891],{"class":166},[47,2219,170],{"class":61},[47,2221,2222],{"class":65},"8",[47,2224,506],{"class":61},[47,2226,2227,2229,2231,2233,2235,2237,2240],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2228,167],{"class":166},[47,2230,170],{"class":61},[47,2232,1891],{"class":166},[47,2234,170],{"class":61},[47,2236,1896],{"class":57},[47,2238,2239],{"class":65},"4.2",[47,2241,506],{"class":61},[14,2243,215],{},[37,2245,2247],{"className":39,"code":2246,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[44,2248,2249,2254,2259],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2250,2251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2252,2253],{"class":65},"10\n",[47,2255,2256],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2257,2258],{"class":65},"8\n",[47,2260,2261],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2262,2263],{"class":65},"4.2\n",[14,2265,2266],{},"What each line does:",[291,2268,2269,2277,2284],{},[294,2270,2271,2274,2275],{},[44,2272,2273],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[44,2276,960],{},[294,2278,2279,2274,2282],{},[44,2280,2281],{},"abs(8)",[44,2283,2222],{},[294,2285,2286,2274,2289],{},[44,2287,2288],{},"abs(-4.2)",[44,2290,2239],{},[14,2292,2293,2294,30],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[21,2295,2297],{"href":2296},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[32,2299,2301],{"id":2300},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2303,2304,2306],{},[44,2305,1857],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2308,2309,2310,2312],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[44,2311,1237],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2314,2083],{},[37,2316,2318],{"className":39,"code":2317,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[44,2319,2320,2337],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2321,2322,2324,2326,2328,2331,2334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2323,588],{"class":53},[47,2325,58],{"class":57},[47,2327,77],{"class":65},[47,2329,2330],{"class":57}," +",[47,2332,2333],{"class":65}," 4",[47,2335,2336],{"class":525},"j\n",[47,2338,2339,2341,2343,2345,2347,2349],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2340,167],{"class":166},[47,2342,170],{"class":61},[47,2344,1891],{"class":166},[47,2346,170],{"class":61},[47,2348,605],{"class":173},[47,2350,506],{"class":61},[14,2352,215],{},[37,2354,2356],{"className":39,"code":2355,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5.0\n",[44,2357,2358],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2359,2360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2361,2355],{"class":65},[14,2363,2364,2365,2368],{},"Why ",[44,2366,2367],{},"5.0","?",[291,2370,2371,2376,2381],{},[294,2372,2373,2374],{},"the real part is ",[44,2375,1937],{},[294,2377,2378,2379],{},"the imaginary part is ",[44,2380,1210],{},[294,2382,2383,2384],{},"the magnitude is ",[44,2385,2367],{},[14,2387,2388],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[291,2390,2391,2398],{},[294,2392,2393,2395,2396],{},[44,2394,1857],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[44,2397,2067],{},[294,2399,2400],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[32,2402,2404],{"id":2403},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2406,2407,2408,30],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[44,2409,1857],{},[773,2411,2413],{"id":2412},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2415,2416],{},"A very common pattern is:",[37,2418,2420],{"className":39,"code":2419,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"abs(a - b)\n",[44,2421,2422],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2423,2424,2426,2428,2431,2433,2436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2425,1891],{"class":166},[47,2427,170],{"class":61},[47,2429,2430],{"class":173},"a ",[47,2432,1896],{"class":57},[47,2434,2435],{"class":173}," b",[47,2437,80],{"class":61},[14,2439,2083],{},[37,2441,2443],{"className":39,"code":2442,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[44,2444,2445,2454,2464,2468,2487],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2446,2447,2449,2451],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2448,2430],{"class":53},[47,2450,58],{"class":57},[47,2452,2453],{"class":65}," 3\n",[47,2455,2456,2459,2461],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2457,2458],{"class":53},"b ",[47,2460,58],{"class":57},[47,2462,2463],{"class":65}," 10\n",[47,2465,2466],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2467,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,2469,2470,2473,2475,2477,2479,2481,2483,2485],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,2471,2472],{"class":53},"distance ",[47,2474,58],{"class":57},[47,2476,2111],{"class":166},[47,2478,170],{"class":61},[47,2480,2430],{"class":173},[47,2482,1896],{"class":57},[47,2484,2435],{"class":173},[47,2486,80],{"class":61},[47,2488,2489,2491,2493,2496],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,2490,167],{"class":166},[47,2492,170],{"class":61},[47,2494,2495],{"class":173},"distance",[47,2497,80],{"class":61},[14,2499,215],{},[37,2501,2502],{"className":39,"code":1954,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,2503,2504],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2505,2506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2507,1954],{"class":65},[14,2509,2510],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[773,2512,2514],{"id":2513},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[37,2516,2518],{"className":39,"code":2517,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[44,2519,2520,2532],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2521,2522,2525,2527,2529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2523,2524],{"class":53},"temperature_change ",[47,2526,58],{"class":57},[47,2528,2098],{"class":57},[47,2530,2531],{"class":65},"6\n",[47,2533,2534,2536,2538,2540,2542,2545],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2535,167],{"class":166},[47,2537,170],{"class":61},[47,2539,1891],{"class":166},[47,2541,170],{"class":61},[47,2543,2544],{"class":173},"temperature_change",[47,2546,506],{"class":61},[14,2548,215],{},[37,2550,2551],{"className":39,"code":2531,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,2552,2553],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2554,2555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2556,2531],{"class":65},[14,2558,2559],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[773,2561,2563],{"id":2562},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2565,2566,2567,2181],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[44,2568,1857],{},[37,2570,2572],{"className":39,"code":2571,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[44,2573,2574,2586,2602,2606],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2575,2576,2579,2581,2583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2577,2578],{"class":53},"balance_change ",[47,2580,58],{"class":57},[47,2582,2098],{"class":57},[47,2584,2585],{"class":65},"25\n",[47,2587,2588,2591,2593,2595,2597,2600],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2589,2590],{"class":53},"safe_value ",[47,2592,58],{"class":57},[47,2594,2111],{"class":166},[47,2596,170],{"class":61},[47,2598,2599],{"class":173},"balance_change",[47,2601,80],{"class":61},[47,2603,2604],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2605,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,2607,2608,2610,2612,2615],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,2609,167],{"class":166},[47,2611,170],{"class":61},[47,2613,2614],{"class":173},"safe_value",[47,2616,80],{"class":61},[14,2618,215],{},[37,2620,2621],{"className":39,"code":2585,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,2622,2623],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2624,2625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2626,2585],{"class":65},[773,2628,2630],{"id":2629},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[37,2632,2634],{"className":39,"code":2633,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[44,2635,2636,2646,2656,2660,2680],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2637,2638,2641,2643],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2639,2640],{"class":53},"guess ",[47,2642,58],{"class":57},[47,2644,2645],{"class":65}," 42\n",[47,2647,2648,2651,2653],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2649,2650],{"class":53},"target ",[47,2652,58],{"class":57},[47,2654,2655],{"class":65}," 50\n",[47,2657,2658],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2659,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,2661,2662,2665,2667,2669,2671,2673,2675,2678],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,2663,2664],{"class":53},"difference ",[47,2666,58],{"class":57},[47,2668,2111],{"class":166},[47,2670,170],{"class":61},[47,2672,2640],{"class":173},[47,2674,1896],{"class":57},[47,2676,2677],{"class":173}," target",[47,2679,80],{"class":61},[47,2681,2682,2684,2686,2689],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,2683,167],{"class":166},[47,2685,170],{"class":61},[47,2687,2688],{"class":173},"difference",[47,2690,80],{"class":61},[14,2692,215],{},[37,2694,2695],{"className":39,"code":2258,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,2696,2697],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2698,2699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2700,2258],{"class":65},[14,2702,2703],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[32,2705,1284],{"id":1283},[773,2707,2709],{"id":2708},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,2711,2712],{},"This causes an error:",[37,2714,2716],{"className":39,"code":2715,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[44,2717,2718],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2719,2720,2722,2724,2726,2728,2730,2732,2734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2721,167],{"class":166},[47,2723,170],{"class":61},[47,2725,1891],{"class":166},[47,2727,170],{"class":61},[47,2729,126],{"class":125},[47,2731,104],{"class":129},[47,2733,126],{"class":125},[47,2735,506],{"class":61},[14,2737,2738,2741,2742,2744],{},[44,2739,2740],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[44,2743,1857],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,2746,2747,2748,25,2754,2760],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[21,2749,2751],{"href":2750},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[44,2752,2753],{},"int()",[21,2755,2757],{"href":2756},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[44,2758,2759],{},"float()",":",[37,2762,2764],{"className":39,"code":2763,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[44,2765,2766,2789],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2767,2768,2770,2772,2774,2776,2778,2780,2782,2784,2786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2769,167],{"class":166},[47,2771,170],{"class":61},[47,2773,1891],{"class":166},[47,2775,170],{"class":61},[47,2777,644],{"class":118},[47,2779,170],{"class":61},[47,2781,126],{"class":125},[47,2783,104],{"class":129},[47,2785,126],{"class":125},[47,2787,2788],{"class":61},")))\n",[47,2790,2791,2793,2795,2797,2799,2801,2803,2805,2808,2810],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2792,167],{"class":166},[47,2794,170],{"class":61},[47,2796,1891],{"class":166},[47,2798,170],{"class":61},[47,2800,2067],{"class":118},[47,2802,170],{"class":61},[47,2804,126],{"class":125},[47,2806,2807],{"class":129},"-3.2",[47,2809,126],{"class":125},[47,2811,2788],{"class":61},[14,2813,215],{},[37,2815,2817],{"className":39,"code":2816,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5\n3.2\n",[44,2818,2819,2823],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2820,2821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2822,633],{"class":65},[47,2824,2825],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2826,2827],{"class":65},"3.2\n",[14,2829,2830,2831,2834,2835,30],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[44,2832,2833],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[21,2836,2838],{"href":2837},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[773,2840,2842],{"id":2841},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,2844,2845],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[37,2847,2849],{"className":39,"code":2848,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[44,2850,2851],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2852,2853,2855,2857,2859,2861,2863,2865,2867,2869,2871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2854,167],{"class":166},[47,2856,170],{"class":61},[47,2858,1891],{"class":166},[47,2860,122],{"class":61},[47,2862,66],{"class":65},[47,2864,69],{"class":61},[47,2866,72],{"class":65},[47,2868,69],{"class":61},[47,2870,77],{"class":65},[47,2872,2873],{"class":61},"]))\n",[14,2875,2876,2877,2880],{},"This raises a ",[44,2878,2879],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[773,2882,2884],{"id":2883},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,2886,2887,2889],{},[44,2888,1857],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[37,2891,2893],{"className":39,"code":2892,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[44,2894,2895,2907,2917,2921],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2896,2897,2900,2902,2904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2898,2899],{"class":53},"x ",[47,2901,58],{"class":57},[47,2903,2098],{"class":57},[47,2905,2906],{"class":65},"9\n",[47,2908,2909,2911,2913,2915],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2910,1891],{"class":166},[47,2912,170],{"class":61},[47,2914,2049],{"class":173},[47,2916,80],{"class":61},[47,2918,2919],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2920,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,2922,2923,2925,2927,2929],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,2924,167],{"class":166},[47,2926,170],{"class":61},[47,2928,2049],{"class":173},[47,2930,80],{"class":61},[14,2932,215],{},[37,2934,2936],{"className":39,"code":2935,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"-9\n",[44,2937,2938],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2939,2940,2942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2941,1896],{"class":57},[47,2943,2906],{"class":65},[14,2945,2946],{},"If you want to store the result:",[37,2948,2950],{"className":39,"code":2949,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[44,2951,2952,2962,2976,2980],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2953,2954,2956,2958,2960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2955,2899],{"class":53},[47,2957,58],{"class":57},[47,2959,2098],{"class":57},[47,2961,2906],{"class":65},[47,2963,2964,2966,2968,2970,2972,2974],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2965,2899],{"class":53},[47,2967,58],{"class":57},[47,2969,2111],{"class":166},[47,2971,170],{"class":61},[47,2973,2049],{"class":173},[47,2975,80],{"class":61},[47,2977,2978],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2979,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,2981,2982,2984,2986,2988],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,2983,167],{"class":166},[47,2985,170],{"class":61},[47,2987,2049],{"class":173},[47,2989,80],{"class":61},[14,2991,215],{},[37,2993,2994],{"className":39,"code":2906,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,2995,2996],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,2997,2998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2999,2906],{"class":65},[773,3001,3003],{"id":3002},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3005,3006,3008],{},[44,3007,1857],{}," does not round numbers.",[37,3010,3012],{"className":39,"code":3011,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[44,3013,3014],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3015,3016,3018,3020,3022,3024,3026,3029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3017,167],{"class":166},[47,3019,170],{"class":61},[47,3021,1891],{"class":166},[47,3023,170],{"class":61},[47,3025,1896],{"class":57},[47,3027,3028],{"class":65},"4.7",[47,3030,506],{"class":61},[14,3032,215],{},[37,3034,3036],{"className":39,"code":3035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"4.7\n",[44,3037,3038],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3039,3040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3041,3035],{"class":65},[14,3043,3044,3045,3047,3048,3050],{},"If you expected ",[44,3046,104],{},", that is a different operation. ",[44,3049,1857],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[32,3052,3054],{"id":3053},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3056,3057,3059],{},[44,3058,1857],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[291,3061,3062,3069,3076],{},[294,3063,3064,3066,3067],{},[44,3065,644],{}," input → returns an ",[44,3068,644],{},[294,3070,3071,3073,3074],{},[44,3072,2067],{}," input → returns a ",[44,3075,2067],{},[294,3077,3078,3073,3080],{},[44,3079,2071],{},[44,3081,2067],{},[14,3083,2083],{},[37,3085,3087],{"className":39,"code":3086,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[44,3088,3089,3109,3130],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3090,3091,3093,3095,3097,3099,3101,3103,3105,3107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3092,167],{"class":166},[47,3094,170],{"class":61},[47,3096,499],{"class":118},[47,3098,170],{"class":61},[47,3100,1891],{"class":166},[47,3102,170],{"class":61},[47,3104,1896],{"class":57},[47,3106,104],{"class":65},[47,3108,2788],{"class":61},[47,3110,3111,3113,3115,3117,3119,3121,3123,3125,3128],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3112,167],{"class":166},[47,3114,170],{"class":61},[47,3116,499],{"class":118},[47,3118,170],{"class":61},[47,3120,1891],{"class":166},[47,3122,170],{"class":61},[47,3124,1896],{"class":57},[47,3126,3127],{"class":65},"3.2",[47,3129,2788],{"class":61},[47,3131,3132,3134,3136,3138,3140,3142,3144,3146,3148,3150,3152],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,3133,167],{"class":166},[47,3135,170],{"class":61},[47,3137,499],{"class":118},[47,3139,170],{"class":61},[47,3141,1891],{"class":166},[47,3143,170],{"class":61},[47,3145,1937],{"class":65},[47,3147,2330],{"class":57},[47,3149,2333],{"class":65},[47,3151,1940],{"class":525},[47,3153,2788],{"class":61},[14,3155,215],{},[37,3157,3159],{"className":39,"code":3158,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[44,3160,3161,3175,3189],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3162,3163,3165,3167,3169,3171,3173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3164,522],{"class":57},[47,3166,526],{"class":525},[47,3168,265],{"class":125},[47,3170,644],{"class":129},[47,3172,256],{"class":125},[47,3174,536],{"class":57},[47,3176,3177,3179,3181,3183,3185,3187],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3178,522],{"class":57},[47,3180,526],{"class":525},[47,3182,265],{"class":125},[47,3184,2067],{"class":129},[47,3186,256],{"class":125},[47,3188,536],{"class":57},[47,3190,3191,3193,3195,3197,3199,3201],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,3192,522],{"class":57},[47,3194,526],{"class":525},[47,3196,265],{"class":125},[47,3198,2067],{"class":129},[47,3200,256],{"class":125},[47,3202,536],{"class":57},[14,3204,3205],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3207,3208],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3210,3211],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[37,3213,3215],{"className":39,"code":3214,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[44,3216,3217,3231,3241,3255,3259,3273],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3218,3219,3221,3223,3225,3228],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3220,588],{"class":53},[47,3222,58],{"class":57},[47,3224,136],{"class":125},[47,3226,3227],{"class":129},"-5",[47,3229,3230],{"class":125},"\"\n",[47,3232,3233,3235,3237,3239],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3234,167],{"class":166},[47,3236,170],{"class":61},[47,3238,605],{"class":173},[47,3240,80],{"class":61},[47,3242,3243,3245,3247,3249,3251,3253],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,3244,167],{"class":166},[47,3246,170],{"class":61},[47,3248,499],{"class":118},[47,3250,170],{"class":61},[47,3252,605],{"class":173},[47,3254,506],{"class":61},[47,3256,3257],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,3258,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,3260,3261,3264,3266,3268,3271],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,3262,3263],{"class":53},"user_input ",[47,3265,58],{"class":57},[47,3267,136],{"class":125},[47,3269,3270],{"class":129},"-3.7",[47,3272,3230],{"class":125},[47,3274,3275,3277,3279,3281,3283,3285,3287,3290],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,3276,167],{"class":166},[47,3278,170],{"class":61},[47,3280,1891],{"class":166},[47,3282,170],{"class":61},[47,3284,2067],{"class":118},[47,3286,170],{"class":61},[47,3288,3289],{"class":173},"user_input",[47,3291,2788],{"class":61},[14,3293,215],{},[37,3295,3297],{"className":39,"code":3296,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[44,3298,3299,3305,3320],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3300,3301,3303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3302,1896],{"class":57},[47,3304,633],{"class":65},[47,3306,3307,3309,3311,3313,3316,3318],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3308,522],{"class":57},[47,3310,526],{"class":525},[47,3312,265],{"class":125},[47,3314,3315],{"class":129},"str",[47,3317,256],{"class":125},[47,3319,536],{"class":57},[47,3321,3322],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,3323,3324],{"class":65},"3.7\n",[32,3326,1708],{"id":1707},[773,3328,3330],{"id":3329},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3332,3333],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[773,3335,3337],{"id":3336},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3339,3340],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[773,3342,3344],{"id":3343},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3346,3347],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[773,3349,3351],{"id":3350},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3353,3354,3356,3357,25,3359,3361,3362,30],{},[44,3355,2833],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[44,3358,2753],{},[44,3360,2759],{}," before using ",[44,3363,1857],{},[773,3365,3367],{"id":3366},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3369,3370],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[32,3372,1758],{"id":1757},[291,3374,3375,3382,3388,3394,3399],{},[294,3376,3377],{},[21,3378,3379,3381],{"href":2750},[44,3380,2753],{}," function explained",[294,3383,3384],{},[21,3385,3386,3381],{"href":2756},[44,3387,2759],{},[294,3389,3390],{},[21,3391,3392,3381],{"href":2176},[44,3393,2179],{},[294,3395,3396],{},[21,3397,3398],{"href":2837},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[294,3400,3401],{},[21,3402,2297],{"href":2296},[1796,3404,3405],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":3407},[3408,3409,3410,3411,3412,3413,3419,3425,3426,3433],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":1973,"depth":83,"text":1974},{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":2184,"depth":83,"text":2185},{"id":2300,"depth":83,"text":2301},{"id":2403,"depth":83,"text":2404,"children":3414},[3415,3416,3417,3418],{"id":2412,"depth":94,"text":2413},{"id":2513,"depth":94,"text":2514},{"id":2562,"depth":94,"text":2563},{"id":2629,"depth":94,"text":2630},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":3420},[3421,3422,3423,3424],{"id":2708,"depth":94,"text":2709},{"id":2841,"depth":94,"text":2842},{"id":2883,"depth":94,"text":2884},{"id":3002,"depth":94,"text":3003},{"id":3053,"depth":83,"text":3054},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":3427},[3428,3429,3430,3431,3432],{"id":3329,"depth":94,"text":3330},{"id":3336,"depth":94,"text":3337},{"id":3343,"depth":94,"text":3344},{"id":3350,"depth":94,"text":3351},{"id":3366,"depth":94,"text":3367},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1846,"description":3434},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3441,"title":3442,"body":3443,"description":5146,"extension":1837,"meta":5147,"navigation":159,"path":5148,"seo":5149,"stem":5150,"__hash__":5151},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3444,"toc":5110},[3445,3453,3459,3462,3479,3483,3537,3547,3554,3558,3577,3580,3597,3600,3604,3612,3629,3632,3671,3674,3681,3687,3762,3764,3795,3801,3805,3809,3848,3850,3859,3866,3870,3909,3911,3920,3930,3934,3989,3991,3999,4002,4005,4052,4054,4062,4068,4075,4080,4083,4086,4153,4155,4163,4166,4233,4235,4243,4257,4260,4272,4276,4282,4285,4287,4303,4305,4313,4316,4319,4322,4339,4342,4345,4375,4377,4390,4394,4398,4401,4416,4421,4424,4451,4458,4461,4501,4507,4513,4521,4524,4576,4583,4647,4652,4661,4664,4682,4688,4691,4833,4839,4844,4847,4858,4861,4917,4919,4927,4930,4989,4991,4999,5002,5013,5015,5021,5029,5038,5041,5048,5051,5060,5073,5075,5107],[10,3446,3448,3449,3452],{"id":3447},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[44,3450,3451],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3454,3455,3456,3458],{},"Python’s ",[44,3457,3451],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3460,3461],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[291,3463,3464,3467,3470],{},[294,3465,3466],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[294,3468,3469],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[294,3471,3472,2274,3475,3478],{},[44,3473,3474],{},"all([])",[44,3476,3477],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[32,3480,3482],{"id":3481},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[37,3484,3486],{"className":39,"code":3485,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[44,3487,3488,3508,3523],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3489,3490,3492,3494,3496,3498,3500,3502,3504,3506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3491,54],{"class":53},[47,3493,58],{"class":57},[47,3495,957],{"class":61},[47,3497,66],{"class":65},[47,3499,69],{"class":61},[47,3501,72],{"class":65},[47,3503,69],{"class":61},[47,3505,77],{"class":65},[47,3507,1402],{"class":61},[47,3509,3510,3512,3514,3517,3519,3521],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3511,2106],{"class":53},[47,3513,58],{"class":57},[47,3515,3516],{"class":166}," all",[47,3518,170],{"class":61},[47,3520,174],{"class":173},[47,3522,80],{"class":61},[47,3524,3525,3527,3529,3531,3534],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,3526,167],{"class":166},[47,3528,170],{"class":61},[47,3530,2141],{"class":173},[47,3532,3533],{"class":61},")",[47,3535,3536],{"class":1494},"  # True\n",[14,3538,3539,2274,3541,3543,3544,30],{},[44,3540,3451],{},[44,3542,3477],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[44,3545,3546],{},"False",[32,3548,3550,3551,3553],{"id":3549},"what-all-does","What ",[44,3552,3451],{}," does",[14,3555,3556,2760],{},[44,3557,3451],{},[291,3559,3560,3563,3569,3574],{},[294,3561,3562],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[294,3564,3565,3566,3568],{},"returns ",[44,3567,3477],{}," if all items are truthy",[294,3570,3565,3571,3573],{},[44,3572,3546],{}," if any item is falsy",[294,3575,3576],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3578,3579],{},"Basic syntax:",[37,3581,3583],{"className":39,"code":3582,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"all(iterable)\n",[44,3584,3585],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3586,3587,3590,3592,3595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3588,3589],{"class":166},"all",[47,3591,170],{"class":61},[47,3593,3594],{"class":173},"iterable",[47,3596,80],{"class":61},[14,3598,3599],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[32,3601,3603],{"id":3602},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3605,3606,3607,25,3609,3611],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[44,3608,3477],{},[44,3610,3546],{}," in conditions.",[291,3613,3614,3622],{},[294,3615,3616,3619,3620],{},[575,3617,3618],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[44,3621,3477],{},[294,3623,3624,3619,3627],{},[575,3625,3626],{},"Falsy",[44,3628,3546],{},[14,3630,3631],{},"Common falsy values include:",[291,3633,3634,3638,3643,3648,3653,3657,3661,3666],{},[294,3635,3636],{},[44,3637,1237],{},[294,3639,3640],{},[44,3641,3642],{},"0.0",[294,3644,3645],{},[44,3646,3647],{},"''",[294,3649,3650],{},[44,3651,3652],{},"None",[294,3654,3655],{},[44,3656,3546],{},[294,3658,3659],{},[44,3660,556],{},[294,3662,3663],{},[44,3664,3665],{},"{}",[294,3667,3668],{},[44,3669,3670],{},"set()",[14,3672,3673],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,3675,3676,3677,30],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[21,3678,3680],{"href":3679},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,3682,3683,3684,2760],{},"You can test this with ",[44,3685,3686],{},"bool()",[37,3688,3690],{"className":39,"code":3689,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[44,3691,3692,3728,3732],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3693,3694,3696,3698,3700,3702,3704,3707,3709,3712,3714,3716,3719,3721,3723,3726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3695,1196],{"class":53},[47,3697,58],{"class":57},[47,3699,957],{"class":61},[47,3701,66],{"class":65},[47,3703,69],{"class":61},[47,3705,3706],{"class":65}," 0",[47,3708,69],{"class":61},[47,3710,3711],{"class":125}," ''",[47,3713,69],{"class":61},[47,3715,265],{"class":125},[47,3717,3718],{"class":129},"hello",[47,3720,256],{"class":125},[47,3722,69],{"class":61},[47,3724,3725],{"class":412}," None",[47,3727,1402],{"class":61},[47,3729,3730],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3731,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,3733,3734,3736,3738,3741,3743,3745,3747,3751,3754,3757,3760],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,3735,167],{"class":166},[47,3737,122],{"class":61},[47,3739,3740],{"class":118},"bool",[47,3742,170],{"class":61},[47,3744,2049],{"class":173},[47,3746,3533],{"class":61},[47,3748,3750],{"class":3749},"sVHd0"," for",[47,3752,3753],{"class":173}," x ",[47,3755,3756],{"class":3749},"in",[47,3758,3759],{"class":173}," values",[47,3761,153],{"class":61},[14,3763,215],{},[37,3765,3767],{"className":39,"code":3766,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[44,3768,3769],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3770,3771,3774,3776,3778,3781,3783,3785,3787,3789,3791,3793],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3772,3773],{"class":61},"[",[47,3775,3477],{"class":412},[47,3777,69],{"class":61},[47,3779,3780],{"class":412}," False",[47,3782,69],{"class":61},[47,3784,3780],{"class":412},[47,3786,69],{"class":61},[47,3788,413],{"class":412},[47,3790,69],{"class":61},[47,3792,3780],{"class":412},[47,3794,1402],{"class":61},[14,3796,3797,3798,3800],{},"This matters because ",[44,3799,3451],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[32,3802,3804],{"id":3803},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[773,3806,3808],{"id":3807},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[37,3810,3812],{"className":39,"code":3811,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[44,3813,3814,3834],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3815,3816,3818,3820,3822,3824,3826,3828,3830,3832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3817,54],{"class":53},[47,3819,58],{"class":57},[47,3821,957],{"class":61},[47,3823,66],{"class":65},[47,3825,69],{"class":61},[47,3827,72],{"class":65},[47,3829,69],{"class":61},[47,3831,77],{"class":65},[47,3833,1402],{"class":61},[47,3835,3836,3838,3840,3842,3844,3846],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3837,167],{"class":166},[47,3839,170],{"class":61},[47,3841,3589],{"class":166},[47,3843,170],{"class":61},[47,3845,174],{"class":173},[47,3847,506],{"class":61},[14,3849,215],{},[37,3851,3853],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\n",[44,3854,3855],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3856,3857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3858,3852],{"class":412},[14,3860,3861,3862,2274,3864,30],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[44,3863,3451],{},[44,3865,3477],{},[773,3867,3869],{"id":3868},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[37,3871,3873],{"className":39,"code":3872,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[44,3874,3875,3895],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3876,3877,3879,3881,3883,3885,3887,3889,3891,3893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3878,54],{"class":53},[47,3880,58],{"class":57},[47,3882,957],{"class":61},[47,3884,66],{"class":65},[47,3886,69],{"class":61},[47,3888,3706],{"class":65},[47,3890,69],{"class":61},[47,3892,77],{"class":65},[47,3894,1402],{"class":61},[47,3896,3897,3899,3901,3903,3905,3907],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3898,167],{"class":166},[47,3900,170],{"class":61},[47,3902,3589],{"class":166},[47,3904,170],{"class":61},[47,3906,174],{"class":173},[47,3908,506],{"class":61},[14,3910,215],{},[37,3912,3914],{"className":39,"code":3913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"False\n",[44,3915,3916],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3917,3918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3919,3913],{"class":412},[14,3921,3922,3923,3925,3926,2274,3928,30],{},"The value ",[44,3924,1237],{}," is falsy, so ",[44,3927,3451],{},[44,3929,3546],{},[773,3931,3933],{"id":3932},"example-strings","Example: strings",[37,3935,3937],{"className":39,"code":3936,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[44,3938,3939,3974],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3940,3941,3944,3946,3948,3950,3952,3954,3956,3958,3961,3963,3965,3967,3970,3972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3942,3943],{"class":53},"words ",[47,3945,58],{"class":57},[47,3947,957],{"class":61},[47,3949,256],{"class":125},[47,3951,405],{"class":129},[47,3953,256],{"class":125},[47,3955,69],{"class":61},[47,3957,265],{"class":125},[47,3959,3960],{"class":129},"banana",[47,3962,256],{"class":125},[47,3964,69],{"class":61},[47,3966,265],{"class":125},[47,3968,3969],{"class":129},"cherry",[47,3971,256],{"class":125},[47,3973,1402],{"class":61},[47,3975,3976,3978,3980,3982,3984,3987],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3977,167],{"class":166},[47,3979,170],{"class":61},[47,3981,3589],{"class":166},[47,3983,170],{"class":61},[47,3985,3986],{"class":173},"words",[47,3988,506],{"class":61},[14,3990,215],{},[37,3992,3993],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,3994,3995],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,3996,3997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3998,3852],{"class":412},[14,4000,4001],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4003,4004],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[37,4006,4008],{"className":39,"code":4007,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[44,4009,4010,4038],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4011,4012,4014,4016,4018,4020,4022,4024,4026,4028,4030,4032,4034,4036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4013,3943],{"class":53},[47,4015,58],{"class":57},[47,4017,957],{"class":61},[47,4019,256],{"class":125},[47,4021,405],{"class":129},[47,4023,256],{"class":125},[47,4025,69],{"class":61},[47,4027,3711],{"class":125},[47,4029,69],{"class":61},[47,4031,265],{"class":125},[47,4033,3969],{"class":129},[47,4035,256],{"class":125},[47,4037,1402],{"class":61},[47,4039,4040,4042,4044,4046,4048,4050],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4041,167],{"class":166},[47,4043,170],{"class":61},[47,4045,3589],{"class":166},[47,4047,170],{"class":61},[47,4049,3986],{"class":173},[47,4051,506],{"class":61},[14,4053,215],{},[37,4055,4056],{"className":39,"code":3913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,4057,4058],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4059,4060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4061,3913],{"class":412},[14,4063,4064,4065,4067],{},"The empty string ",[44,4066,3647],{}," is falsy.",[32,4069,4071,4072,4074],{"id":4070},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[44,4073,3451],{}," works with conditions",[14,4076,4077,4079],{},[44,4078,3451],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4081,4082],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4084,4085],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[37,4087,4089],{"className":39,"code":4088,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,4090,4091,4111,4139,4143],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4092,4093,4095,4097,4099,4101,4103,4105,4107,4109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4094,54],{"class":53},[47,4096,58],{"class":57},[47,4098,957],{"class":61},[47,4100,66],{"class":65},[47,4102,69],{"class":61},[47,4104,72],{"class":65},[47,4106,69],{"class":61},[47,4108,77],{"class":65},[47,4110,1402],{"class":61},[47,4112,4113,4115,4117,4119,4121,4123,4126,4128,4130,4132,4134,4137],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4114,2106],{"class":53},[47,4116,58],{"class":57},[47,4118,3516],{"class":166},[47,4120,170],{"class":61},[47,4122,2899],{"class":173},[47,4124,4125],{"class":57},">",[47,4127,3706],{"class":65},[47,4129,3750],{"class":3749},[47,4131,3753],{"class":173},[47,4133,3756],{"class":3749},[47,4135,4136],{"class":173}," numbers",[47,4138,80],{"class":61},[47,4140,4141],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,4142,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,4144,4145,4147,4149,4151],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,4146,167],{"class":166},[47,4148,170],{"class":61},[47,4150,2141],{"class":173},[47,4152,80],{"class":61},[14,4154,215],{},[37,4156,4157],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,4158,4159],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4160,4161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4162,3852],{"class":412},[14,4164,4165],{},"Here is one that fails:",[37,4167,4169],{"className":39,"code":4168,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,4170,4171,4193,4219,4223],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4172,4173,4175,4177,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187,4189,4191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4174,54],{"class":53},[47,4176,58],{"class":57},[47,4178,957],{"class":61},[47,4180,66],{"class":65},[47,4182,69],{"class":61},[47,4184,2098],{"class":57},[47,4186,1931],{"class":65},[47,4188,69],{"class":61},[47,4190,77],{"class":65},[47,4192,1402],{"class":61},[47,4194,4195,4197,4199,4201,4203,4205,4207,4209,4211,4213,4215,4217],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4196,2106],{"class":53},[47,4198,58],{"class":57},[47,4200,3516],{"class":166},[47,4202,170],{"class":61},[47,4204,2899],{"class":173},[47,4206,4125],{"class":57},[47,4208,3706],{"class":65},[47,4210,3750],{"class":3749},[47,4212,3753],{"class":173},[47,4214,3756],{"class":3749},[47,4216,4136],{"class":173},[47,4218,80],{"class":61},[47,4220,4221],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,4222,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,4224,4225,4227,4229,4231],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,4226,167],{"class":166},[47,4228,170],{"class":61},[47,4230,2141],{"class":173},[47,4232,80],{"class":61},[14,4234,215],{},[37,4236,4237],{"className":39,"code":3913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,4238,4239],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4240,4241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4242,3913],{"class":412},[14,4244,4245,4246,4249,4250,4252,4253,2274,4255,30],{},"The expression ",[44,4247,4248],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[44,4251,3477],{},", then ",[44,4254,3451],{},[44,4256,3477],{},[14,4258,4259],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4261,4262,4263,4267,4268,30],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[21,4264,4266],{"href":4265},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[21,4269,4271],{"href":4270},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[32,4273,4275],{"id":4274},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4277,4278,2274,4280,30],{},[44,4279,3474],{},[44,4281,3477],{},[14,4283,4284],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4286,2083],{},[37,4288,4290],{"className":39,"code":4289,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(all([]))\n",[44,4291,4292],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4293,4294,4296,4298,4300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4295,167],{"class":166},[47,4297,170],{"class":61},[47,4299,3589],{"class":166},[47,4301,4302],{"class":61},"([]))\n",[14,4304,215],{},[37,4306,4307],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,4308,4309],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4310,4311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4312,3852],{"class":412},[14,4314,4315],{},"Why?",[14,4317,4318],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4320,4321],{},"Think of it this way:",[291,4323,4324,4331,4334],{},[294,4325,4326,2274,4328,4330],{},[44,4327,3451],{},[44,4329,3546],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[294,4332,4333],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[294,4335,4336,4337],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[44,4338,3546],{},[14,4340,4341],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4343,4344],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[37,4346,4348],{"className":39,"code":4347,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[44,4349,4350,4361],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4351,4352,4354,4356,4358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4353,167],{"class":166},[47,4355,170],{"class":61},[47,4357,3589],{"class":166},[47,4359,4360],{"class":61},"(()))\n",[47,4362,4363,4365,4367,4369,4371,4373],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4364,167],{"class":166},[47,4366,170],{"class":61},[47,4368,3589],{"class":166},[47,4370,170],{"class":61},[47,4372,3647],{"class":125},[47,4374,506],{"class":61},[14,4376,215],{},[37,4378,4380],{"className":39,"code":4379,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nTrue\n",[44,4381,4382,4386],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4383,4384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4385,3852],{"class":412},[47,4387,4388],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4389,3852],{"class":412},[32,4391,4393],{"id":4392},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[773,4395,4397],{"id":4396},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4399,4400],{},"This is wrong:",[37,4402,4404],{"className":39,"code":4403,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[44,4405,4406,4411],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4407,4408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4409,4410],{"class":1494},"# Wrong\n",[47,4412,4413],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4414,4415],{"class":1494},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4417,4418,4420],{},[44,4419,3451],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4422,4423],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[37,4425,4427],{"className":39,"code":4426,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[44,4428,4429],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4430,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4449],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4432,167],{"class":166},[47,4434,170],{"class":61},[47,4436,3589],{"class":166},[47,4438,122],{"class":61},[47,4440,66],{"class":65},[47,4442,69],{"class":61},[47,4444,72],{"class":65},[47,4446,69],{"class":61},[47,4448,77],{"class":65},[47,4450,2873],{"class":61},[773,4452,4454,4455,4457],{"id":4453},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[44,4456,3451],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4459,4460],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[37,4462,4464],{"className":39,"code":4463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[44,4465,4466,4487],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4467,4468,4470,4472,4474,4476,4478,4481,4483,4485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4469,54],{"class":53},[47,4471,58],{"class":57},[47,4473,957],{"class":61},[47,4475,104],{"class":65},[47,4477,69],{"class":61},[47,4479,4480],{"class":65}," 5",[47,4482,69],{"class":61},[47,4484,4480],{"class":65},[47,4486,1402],{"class":61},[47,4488,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4490,167],{"class":166},[47,4492,170],{"class":61},[47,4494,3589],{"class":166},[47,4496,170],{"class":61},[47,4498,174],{"class":173},[47,4500,506],{"class":61},[14,4502,4503,4504,4506],{},"This does ",[575,4505,577],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4508,4509,4510,4512],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[44,4511,104],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[37,4514,4515],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,4516,4517],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4518,4519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4520,3852],{"class":412},[14,4522,4523],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[37,4525,4527],{"className":39,"code":4526,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[44,4528,4529,4549],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4530,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545,4547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4532,54],{"class":53},[47,4534,58],{"class":57},[47,4536,957],{"class":61},[47,4538,104],{"class":65},[47,4540,69],{"class":61},[47,4542,4480],{"class":65},[47,4544,69],{"class":61},[47,4546,4480],{"class":65},[47,4548,1402],{"class":61},[47,4550,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4561,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4552,167],{"class":166},[47,4554,170],{"class":61},[47,4556,3589],{"class":166},[47,4558,170],{"class":61},[47,4560,2899],{"class":173},[47,4562,4563],{"class":57},"==",[47,4565,4480],{"class":65},[47,4567,3750],{"class":3749},[47,4569,3753],{"class":173},[47,4571,3756],{"class":3749},[47,4573,4136],{"class":173},[47,4575,506],{"class":61},[773,4577,4579,4580,4582],{"id":4578},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[44,4581,1237],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[37,4584,4586],{"className":39,"code":4585,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[44,4587,4588,4614],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4589,4590,4592,4594,4596,4598,4600,4602,4604,4606,4608,4611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4591,167],{"class":166},[47,4593,170],{"class":61},[47,4595,3589],{"class":166},[47,4597,122],{"class":61},[47,4599,66],{"class":65},[47,4601,69],{"class":61},[47,4603,72],{"class":65},[47,4605,69],{"class":61},[47,4607,3706],{"class":65},[47,4609,4610],{"class":61},"]))",[47,4612,4613],{"class":1494},"       # False\n",[47,4615,4616,4618,4620,4622,4624,4626,4628,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4617,167],{"class":166},[47,4619,170],{"class":61},[47,4621,3589],{"class":166},[47,4623,122],{"class":61},[47,4625,256],{"class":125},[47,4627,21],{"class":129},[47,4629,256],{"class":125},[47,4631,69],{"class":61},[47,4633,265],{"class":125},[47,4635,139],{"class":129},[47,4637,256],{"class":125},[47,4639,69],{"class":61},[47,4641,3711],{"class":125},[47,4643,4610],{"class":61},[47,4645,4646],{"class":1494},"  # False\n",[14,4648,4649,4650,30],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[44,4651,3546],{},[773,4653,4655,4656,4658,4659],{"id":4654},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[44,4657,3474],{}," is ",[44,4660,3477],{},[14,4662,4663],{},"This is expected behavior:",[37,4665,4667],{"className":39,"code":4666,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[44,4668,4669],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4670,4671,4673,4675,4677,4680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4672,167],{"class":166},[47,4674,170],{"class":61},[47,4676,3589],{"class":166},[47,4678,4679],{"class":61},"([]))",[47,4681,3536],{"class":1494},[14,4683,4684,4685,4687],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[44,4686,3477],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,4689,4690],{},"Useful quick tests:",[37,4692,4694],{"className":39,"code":4693,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[44,4695,4696,4718,4740,4787,4823],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4697,4698,4700,4702,4704,4706,4708,4710,4712,4714,4716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4699,167],{"class":166},[47,4701,170],{"class":61},[47,4703,3589],{"class":166},[47,4705,122],{"class":61},[47,4707,66],{"class":65},[47,4709,69],{"class":61},[47,4711,72],{"class":65},[47,4713,69],{"class":61},[47,4715,77],{"class":65},[47,4717,2873],{"class":61},[47,4719,4720,4722,4724,4726,4728,4730,4732,4734,4736,4738],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4721,167],{"class":166},[47,4723,170],{"class":61},[47,4725,3589],{"class":166},[47,4727,122],{"class":61},[47,4729,66],{"class":65},[47,4731,69],{"class":61},[47,4733,3706],{"class":65},[47,4735,69],{"class":61},[47,4737,77],{"class":65},[47,4739,2873],{"class":61},[47,4741,4742,4744,4746,4748,4750,4752,4754,4756,4758,4760,4762,4764,4766,4768,4770,4772,4774,4776,4778,4780,4782,4784],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,4743,167],{"class":166},[47,4745,122],{"class":61},[47,4747,3740],{"class":118},[47,4749,170],{"class":61},[47,4751,2049],{"class":173},[47,4753,3533],{"class":61},[47,4755,3750],{"class":3749},[47,4757,3753],{"class":173},[47,4759,3756],{"class":3749},[47,4761,957],{"class":61},[47,4763,66],{"class":65},[47,4765,69],{"class":61},[47,4767,3706],{"class":65},[47,4769,69],{"class":61},[47,4771,3711],{"class":125},[47,4773,69],{"class":61},[47,4775,265],{"class":125},[47,4777,3718],{"class":129},[47,4779,256],{"class":125},[47,4781,69],{"class":61},[47,4783,3725],{"class":412},[47,4785,4786],{"class":61},"]])\n",[47,4788,4789,4791,4793,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803,4805,4807,4809,4811,4813,4815,4817,4819,4821],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,4790,167],{"class":166},[47,4792,170],{"class":61},[47,4794,3589],{"class":166},[47,4796,170],{"class":61},[47,4798,2899],{"class":173},[47,4800,4125],{"class":57},[47,4802,3706],{"class":65},[47,4804,3750],{"class":3749},[47,4806,3753],{"class":173},[47,4808,3756],{"class":3749},[47,4810,957],{"class":61},[47,4812,66],{"class":65},[47,4814,69],{"class":61},[47,4816,72],{"class":65},[47,4818,69],{"class":61},[47,4820,77],{"class":65},[47,4822,2873],{"class":61},[47,4824,4825,4827,4829,4831],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,4826,167],{"class":166},[47,4828,170],{"class":61},[47,4830,3589],{"class":166},[47,4832,4302],{"class":61},[32,4834,4836,4837],{"id":4835},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[44,4838,3451],{},[14,4840,4841,4843],{},[44,4842,3451],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,4845,4846],{},"Common use cases:",[291,4848,4849,4852,4855],{},[294,4850,4851],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[294,4853,4854],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[294,4856,4857],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,4859,4860],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[37,4862,4864],{"className":39,"code":4863,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[44,4865,4866,4902],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4867,4868,4871,4873,4875,4877,4880,4882,4884,4886,4889,4891,4893,4895,4898,4900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4869,4870],{"class":53},"names ",[47,4872,58],{"class":57},[47,4874,957],{"class":61},[47,4876,256],{"class":125},[47,4878,4879],{"class":129},"Alice",[47,4881,256],{"class":125},[47,4883,69],{"class":61},[47,4885,265],{"class":125},[47,4887,4888],{"class":129},"Bob",[47,4890,256],{"class":125},[47,4892,69],{"class":61},[47,4894,265],{"class":125},[47,4896,4897],{"class":129},"Charlie",[47,4899,256],{"class":125},[47,4901,1402],{"class":61},[47,4903,4904,4906,4908,4910,4912,4915],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4905,167],{"class":166},[47,4907,170],{"class":61},[47,4909,3589],{"class":166},[47,4911,170],{"class":61},[47,4913,4914],{"class":173},"names",[47,4916,506],{"class":61},[14,4918,215],{},[37,4920,4921],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,4922,4923],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4924,4925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4926,3852],{"class":412},[14,4928,4929],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[37,4931,4933],{"className":39,"code":4932,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[44,4934,4935,4959],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4936,4937,4940,4942,4944,4947,4949,4952,4954,4957],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4938,4939],{"class":53},"scores ",[47,4941,58],{"class":57},[47,4943,957],{"class":61},[47,4945,4946],{"class":65},"75",[47,4948,69],{"class":61},[47,4950,4951],{"class":65}," 80",[47,4953,69],{"class":61},[47,4955,4956],{"class":65}," 50",[47,4958,1402],{"class":61},[47,4960,4961,4963,4965,4967,4969,4972,4975,4977,4979,4982,4984,4987],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4962,167],{"class":166},[47,4964,170],{"class":61},[47,4966,3589],{"class":166},[47,4968,170],{"class":61},[47,4970,4971],{"class":173},"score ",[47,4973,4974],{"class":57},">=",[47,4976,4956],{"class":65},[47,4978,3750],{"class":3749},[47,4980,4981],{"class":173}," score ",[47,4983,3756],{"class":3749},[47,4985,4986],{"class":173}," scores",[47,4988,506],{"class":61},[14,4990,215],{},[37,4992,4993],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,4994,4995],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,4996,4997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4998,3852],{"class":412},[14,5000,5001],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5003,5004,5005,4267,5009,30],{},"For related tasks, see ",[21,5006,5008],{"href":5007},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[21,5010,5012],{"href":5011},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[32,5014,1708],{"id":1707},[773,5016,1744,5018,5020],{"id":5017},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[44,5019,3451],{}," return in Python?",[14,5022,1750,5023,5025,5026,5028],{},[44,5024,3477],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[44,5027,3546],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[773,5030,5032,5033,5035,5036,2368],{"id":5031},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[44,5034,3474],{}," return ",[44,5037,3477],{},[14,5039,5040],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[773,5042,5044,5045,5047],{"id":5043},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[44,5046,3451],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5049,5050],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[773,5052,5054,5055,4267,5057,2368],{"id":5053},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[44,5056,3451],{},[44,5058,5059],{},"any()",[14,5061,5062,5064,5065,5067,5068,30],{},[44,5063,3451],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[44,5066,5059],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[21,5069,3448,5071,3381],{"href":5070},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[44,5072,5059],{},[32,5074,1758],{"id":1757},[291,5076,5077,5083,5087,5092,5097,5102],{},[294,5078,5079],{},[21,5080,3448,5081,3381],{"href":5070},[44,5082,5059],{},[294,5084,5085],{},[21,5086,3680],{"href":3679},[294,5088,5089],{},[21,5090,5091],{"href":5011},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[294,5093,5094],{},[21,5095,5096],{"href":5007},"How to filter a list in Python",[294,5098,5099],{},[21,5100,5101],{"href":4265},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[294,5103,5104],{},[21,5105,5106],{"href":4270},"What is an iterable in Python",[1796,5108,5109],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":5111},[5112,5113,5115,5116,5121,5123,5124,5133,5135,5145],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":3549,"depth":83,"text":5114},"What all() does",{"id":3602,"depth":83,"text":3603},{"id":3803,"depth":83,"text":3804,"children":5117},[5118,5119,5120],{"id":3807,"depth":94,"text":3808},{"id":3868,"depth":94,"text":3869},{"id":3932,"depth":94,"text":3933},{"id":4070,"depth":83,"text":5122},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4274,"depth":83,"text":4275},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":5125},[5126,5127,5129,5131],{"id":4396,"depth":94,"text":4397},{"id":4453,"depth":94,"text":5128},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4578,"depth":94,"text":5130},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4654,"depth":94,"text":5132},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4835,"depth":83,"text":5134},"When to use all()",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":5136},[5137,5139,5141,5143],{"id":5017,"depth":94,"text":5138},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5031,"depth":94,"text":5140},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5043,"depth":94,"text":5142},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5053,"depth":94,"text":5144},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3442,"description":5146},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5153,"title":5154,"body":5155,"description":6841,"extension":1837,"meta":6842,"navigation":159,"path":5070,"seo":6843,"stem":6844,"__hash__":6845},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5156,"toc":6819},[5157,5160,5168,5171,5187,5195,5238,5247,5251,5256,5259,5276,5279,5290,5302,5306,5309,5324,5329,5332,5344,5347,5431,5434,5455,5461,5463,5471,5485,5487,5521,5523,5526,5587,5589,5606,5609,5636,5638,5646,5658,5662,5665,5704,5706,5714,5716,5732,5740,5743,5786,5788,5796,5801,5805,5813,5816,5843,5846,5849,5923,5925,5933,5940,5964,5975,5978,6056,6058,6066,6073,6077,6082,6097,6099,6107,6110,6116,6119,6165,6167,6184,6188,6193,6204,6207,6319,6322,6381,6387,6389,6394,6398,6400,6419,6425,6428,6447,6451,6460,6487,6489,6497,6505,6509,6515,6538,6540,6548,6555,6559,6562,6613,6616,6667,6670,6672,6676,6683,6687,6694,6698,6706,6710,6713,6735,6737,6787,6789,6816],[10,5158,5154],{"id":5159},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5161,5162,5164,5165,30],{},[44,5163,5059],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[575,5166,5167],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5169,5170],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[291,5172,5173,5176,5179,5182,5184],{},[294,5174,5175],{},"lists",[294,5177,5178],{},"tuples",[294,5180,5181],{},"sets",[294,5183,812],{},[294,5185,5186],{},"generator expressions",[14,5188,5189,5190,25,5192,5194],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[44,5191,3477],{},[44,5193,3546],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[37,5196,5198],{"className":39,"code":5197,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[44,5199,5200,5220],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5201,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5203,1196],{"class":53},[47,5205,58],{"class":57},[47,5207,957],{"class":61},[47,5209,1237],{"class":65},[47,5211,69],{"class":61},[47,5213,3711],{"class":125},[47,5215,69],{"class":61},[47,5217,4480],{"class":65},[47,5219,1402],{"class":61},[47,5221,5222,5224,5226,5229,5231,5233,5236],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5223,167],{"class":166},[47,5225,170],{"class":61},[47,5227,5228],{"class":166},"any",[47,5230,170],{"class":61},[47,5232,1221],{"class":173},[47,5234,5235],{"class":61},"))",[47,5237,3536],{"class":1494},[14,5239,1967,5240,5243,5244,5246],{},[44,5241,5242],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[44,5245,3477],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[32,5248,5250],{"id":5249},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5252,5253,5255],{},[44,5254,5059],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5257,5258],{},"It returns:",[291,5260,5261,5266,5271],{},[294,5262,5263,5265],{},[44,5264,3477],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[294,5267,5268,5270],{},[44,5269,3546],{}," if all items are falsy",[294,5272,5273,5275],{},[44,5274,3546],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5277,5278],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[291,5280,5281,5284,5287],{},[294,5282,5283],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[294,5285,5286],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[294,5288,5289],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5291,5292,5293,5296,5297,30],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[575,5294,5295],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[21,5298,5300],{"href":5299},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[44,5301,3451],{},[32,5303,5305],{"id":5304},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5307,5308],{},"The syntax is simple:",[37,5310,5312],{"className":39,"code":5311,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"any(iterable)\n",[44,5313,5314],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5315,5316,5318,5320,5322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5317,5228],{"class":166},[47,5319,170],{"class":61},[47,5321,3594],{"class":173},[47,5323,80],{"class":61},[14,5325,5326,5327,30],{},"The argument must be an ",[575,5328,3594],{},[14,5330,5331],{},"Common inputs include:",[291,5333,5334,5336,5338,5340,5342],{},[294,5335,5175],{},[294,5337,5178],{},[294,5339,5181],{},[294,5341,812],{},[294,5343,5186],{},[14,5345,5346],{},"For example:",[37,5348,5350],{"className":39,"code":5349,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[44,5351,5352,5374,5393,5413],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5353,5354,5356,5358,5360,5362,5364,5366,5368,5370,5372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5355,167],{"class":166},[47,5357,170],{"class":61},[47,5359,5228],{"class":166},[47,5361,122],{"class":61},[47,5363,1237],{"class":65},[47,5365,69],{"class":61},[47,5367,3706],{"class":65},[47,5369,69],{"class":61},[47,5371,1242],{"class":65},[47,5373,2873],{"class":61},[47,5375,5376,5378,5380,5382,5385,5387,5389,5391],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5377,167],{"class":166},[47,5379,170],{"class":61},[47,5381,5228],{"class":166},[47,5383,5384],{"class":61},"((",[47,5386,3546],{"class":412},[47,5388,69],{"class":61},[47,5390,3780],{"class":412},[47,5392,2788],{"class":61},[47,5394,5395,5397,5399,5401,5404,5406,5408,5410],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,5396,167],{"class":166},[47,5398,170],{"class":61},[47,5400,5228],{"class":166},[47,5402,5403],{"class":61},"({",[47,5405,1237],{"class":65},[47,5407,69],{"class":61},[47,5409,72],{"class":65},[47,5411,5412],{"class":61},"}))\n",[47,5414,5415,5417,5419,5421,5423,5425,5427,5429],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,5416,167],{"class":166},[47,5418,170],{"class":61},[47,5420,5228],{"class":166},[47,5422,170],{"class":61},[47,5424,126],{"class":125},[47,5426,3718],{"class":129},[47,5428,126],{"class":125},[47,5430,506],{"class":61},[14,5432,5433],{},"Expected output:",[37,5435,5437],{"className":39,"code":5436,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[44,5438,5439,5443,5447,5451],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5440,5441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5442,3852],{"class":412},[47,5444,5445],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5446,3913],{"class":412},[47,5448,5449],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,5450,3852],{"class":412},[47,5452,5453],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,5454,3852],{"class":412},[14,5456,5457,5458,30],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[21,5459,5012],{"href":5460},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[32,5462,3603],{"id":3602},[14,5464,3606,5465,25,5468,3611],{},[575,5466,5467],{},"truthy",[575,5469,5470],{},"falsy",[291,5472,5473,5479],{},[294,5474,5475,3619,5477],{},[575,5476,3618],{},[44,5478,3477],{},[294,5480,5481,3619,5483],{},[575,5482,3626],{},[44,5484,3546],{},[14,5486,3631],{},[291,5488,5489,5493,5497,5501,5505,5509,5513,5517],{},[294,5490,5491],{},[44,5492,3546],{},[294,5494,5495],{},[44,5496,1237],{},[294,5498,5499],{},[44,5500,3642],{},[294,5502,5503],{},[44,5504,3647],{},[294,5506,5507],{},[44,5508,556],{},[294,5510,5511],{},[44,5512,3665],{},[294,5514,5515],{},[44,5516,3670],{},[294,5518,5519],{},[44,5520,3652],{},[14,5522,3673],{},[14,5524,5525],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[37,5527,5529],{"className":39,"code":5528,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[44,5530,5531,5545,5563],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5532,5533,5535,5537,5539,5541,5543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5534,167],{"class":166},[47,5536,170],{"class":61},[47,5538,5228],{"class":166},[47,5540,122],{"class":61},[47,5542,66],{"class":65},[47,5544,2873],{"class":61},[47,5546,5547,5549,5551,5553,5555,5557,5559,5561],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5548,167],{"class":166},[47,5550,170],{"class":61},[47,5552,5228],{"class":166},[47,5554,122],{"class":61},[47,5556,256],{"class":125},[47,5558,3718],{"class":129},[47,5560,256],{"class":125},[47,5562,2873],{"class":61},[47,5564,5565,5567,5569,5571,5574,5576,5578,5580,5582,5584],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,5566,167],{"class":166},[47,5568,170],{"class":61},[47,5570,5228],{"class":166},[47,5572,5573],{"class":61},"([[",[47,5575,66],{"class":65},[47,5577,69],{"class":61},[47,5579,72],{"class":65},[47,5581,69],{"class":61},[47,5583,77],{"class":65},[47,5585,5586],{"class":61},"]]))\n",[14,5588,5433],{},[37,5590,5592],{"className":39,"code":5591,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[44,5593,5594,5598,5602],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5595,5596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5597,3852],{"class":412},[47,5599,5600],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5601,3852],{"class":412},[47,5603,5604],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,5605,3852],{"class":412},[14,5607,5608],{},"And these are all falsy:",[37,5610,5612],{"className":39,"code":5611,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[44,5613,5614],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5615,5616,5618,5620,5622,5624,5626,5628,5630,5632,5634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5617,167],{"class":166},[47,5619,170],{"class":61},[47,5621,5228],{"class":166},[47,5623,122],{"class":61},[47,5625,1237],{"class":65},[47,5627,69],{"class":61},[47,5629,3711],{"class":125},[47,5631,69],{"class":61},[47,5633,3725],{"class":412},[47,5635,2873],{"class":61},[14,5637,5433],{},[37,5639,5640],{"className":39,"code":3913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,5641,5642],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5643,5644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5645,3913],{"class":412},[14,5647,5648,5649,4267,5652,30],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[21,5650,3680],{"href":5651},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[21,5653,5655,5657],{"href":5654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[44,5656,3686],{}," explained",[32,5659,5661],{"id":5660},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,5663,5664],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[37,5666,5668],{"className":39,"code":5667,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[44,5669,5670,5690],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5671,5672,5674,5676,5678,5680,5682,5684,5686,5688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5673,1196],{"class":53},[47,5675,58],{"class":57},[47,5677,957],{"class":61},[47,5679,1237],{"class":65},[47,5681,69],{"class":61},[47,5683,3711],{"class":125},[47,5685,69],{"class":61},[47,5687,4480],{"class":65},[47,5689,1402],{"class":61},[47,5691,5692,5694,5696,5698,5700,5702],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5693,167],{"class":166},[47,5695,170],{"class":61},[47,5697,5228],{"class":166},[47,5699,170],{"class":61},[47,5701,1221],{"class":173},[47,5703,506],{"class":61},[14,5705,215],{},[37,5707,5708],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,5709,5710],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5711,5712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5713,3852],{"class":412},[14,5715,4315],{},[291,5717,5718,5723,5727],{},[294,5719,5720,5722],{},[44,5721,1237],{}," is falsy",[294,5724,5725,5722],{},[44,5726,3647],{},[294,5728,5729,5731],{},[44,5730,104],{}," is truthy",[14,5733,5734,5735,2274,5738,30],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[44,5736,5737],{},"any(values)",[44,5739,3477],{},[14,5741,5742],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[37,5744,5746],{"className":39,"code":5745,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[44,5747,5748,5772],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5749,5750,5752,5754,5756,5758,5760,5762,5764,5766,5768,5770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5751,1196],{"class":53},[47,5753,58],{"class":57},[47,5755,957],{"class":61},[47,5757,1237],{"class":65},[47,5759,69],{"class":61},[47,5761,3711],{"class":125},[47,5763,69],{"class":61},[47,5765,3725],{"class":412},[47,5767,69],{"class":61},[47,5769,3780],{"class":412},[47,5771,1402],{"class":61},[47,5773,5774,5776,5778,5780,5782,5784],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5775,167],{"class":166},[47,5777,170],{"class":61},[47,5779,5228],{"class":166},[47,5781,170],{"class":61},[47,5783,1221],{"class":173},[47,5785,506],{"class":61},[14,5787,215],{},[37,5789,5790],{"className":39,"code":3913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,5791,5792],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5793,5794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5795,3913],{"class":412},[14,5797,5798,5799,30],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[44,5800,3546],{},[32,5802,5804],{"id":5803},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,5806,5807,5809,5810,30],{},[44,5808,5059],{}," is often used with a ",[575,5811,5812],{},"generator expression",[14,5814,5815],{},"This is a common pattern:",[37,5817,5819],{"className":39,"code":5818,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[44,5820,5821],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5822,5823,5825,5827,5830,5833,5836,5838,5841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5824,5228],{"class":166},[47,5826,170],{"class":61},[47,5828,5829],{"class":173},"condition ",[47,5831,5832],{"class":3749},"for",[47,5834,5835],{"class":173}," item ",[47,5837,3756],{"class":3749},[47,5839,5840],{"class":173}," items",[47,5842,80],{"class":61},[14,5844,5845],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,5847,5848],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[37,5850,5852],{"className":39,"code":5851,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[44,5853,5854,5882,5886,5913],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5855,5856,5858,5860,5862,5864,5866,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877,5880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5857,54],{"class":53},[47,5859,58],{"class":57},[47,5861,957],{"class":61},[47,5863,1210],{"class":65},[47,5865,69],{"class":61},[47,5867,5868],{"class":65}," 7",[47,5870,69],{"class":61},[47,5872,2098],{"class":57},[47,5874,1931],{"class":65},[47,5876,69],{"class":61},[47,5878,5879],{"class":65}," 10",[47,5881,1402],{"class":61},[47,5883,5884],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5885,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,5887,5888,5890,5892,5895,5897,5899,5901,5903,5905,5907,5909,5911],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,5889,2106],{"class":53},[47,5891,58],{"class":57},[47,5893,5894],{"class":166}," any",[47,5896,170],{"class":61},[47,5898,2899],{"class":173},[47,5900,522],{"class":57},[47,5902,3706],{"class":65},[47,5904,3750],{"class":3749},[47,5906,3753],{"class":173},[47,5908,3756],{"class":3749},[47,5910,4136],{"class":173},[47,5912,80],{"class":61},[47,5914,5915,5917,5919,5921],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,5916,167],{"class":166},[47,5918,170],{"class":61},[47,5920,2141],{"class":173},[47,5922,80],{"class":61},[14,5924,215],{},[37,5926,5927],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,5928,5929],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5930,5931],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5932,3852],{"class":412},[14,5934,5935,5936,5939],{},"This works because ",[44,5937,5938],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[291,5941,5942,5950,5957],{},[294,5943,5944,5947,5948],{},[44,5945,5946],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[44,5949,3546],{},[294,5951,5952,5947,5955],{},[44,5953,5954],{},"7 \u003C 0",[44,5956,3546],{},[294,5958,5959,5947,5962],{},[44,5960,5961],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[44,5963,3477],{},[14,5965,5966,5967,5969,5970,5972,5973,30],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[44,5968,3477],{}," result, ",[44,5971,5059],{}," can return ",[44,5974,3477],{},[14,5976,5977],{},"Here is another example:",[37,5979,5981],{"className":39,"code":5980,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[44,5982,5983,6012,6016,6045],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,5984,5985,5987,5989,5991,5993,5995,5997,5999,6002,6004,6006,6008,6010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5986,3943],{"class":53},[47,5988,58],{"class":57},[47,5990,957],{"class":61},[47,5992,126],{"class":125},[47,5994,405],{"class":129},[47,5996,126],{"class":125},[47,5998,69],{"class":61},[47,6000,6001],{"class":125}," \"\"",[47,6003,69],{"class":61},[47,6005,136],{"class":125},[47,6007,3960],{"class":129},[47,6009,126],{"class":125},[47,6011,1402],{"class":61},[47,6013,6014],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6015,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,6017,6018,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029,6031,6033,6035,6038,6040,6043],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6019,6020],{"class":53},"has_empty_string ",[47,6022,58],{"class":57},[47,6024,5894],{"class":166},[47,6026,170],{"class":61},[47,6028,1589],{"class":173},[47,6030,4563],{"class":57},[47,6032,6001],{"class":125},[47,6034,3750],{"class":3749},[47,6036,6037],{"class":173}," word ",[47,6039,3756],{"class":3749},[47,6041,6042],{"class":173}," words",[47,6044,80],{"class":61},[47,6046,6047,6049,6051,6054],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,6048,167],{"class":166},[47,6050,170],{"class":61},[47,6052,6053],{"class":173},"has_empty_string",[47,6055,80],{"class":61},[14,6057,215],{},[37,6059,6060],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,6061,6062],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6063,6064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6065,3852],{"class":412},[14,6067,6068,6069,30],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[21,6070,6072],{"href":6071},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[32,6074,6076],{"id":6075},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6078,6079,6080,2760],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[44,6081,3546],{},[37,6083,6085],{"className":39,"code":6084,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([]))\n",[44,6086,6087],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6088,6089,6091,6093,6095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6090,167],{"class":166},[47,6092,170],{"class":61},[47,6094,5228],{"class":166},[47,6096,4302],{"class":61},[14,6098,215],{},[37,6100,6101],{"className":39,"code":3913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,6102,6103],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6104,6105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6106,3913],{"class":412},[14,6108,6109],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6111,6112,6113,6115],{},"The reason is simple: ",[44,6114,5059],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6117,6118],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[37,6120,6122],{"className":39,"code":6121,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[44,6123,6124,6134,6149],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6125,6126,6128,6130,6132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6127,167],{"class":166},[47,6129,170],{"class":61},[47,6131,5228],{"class":166},[47,6133,4360],{"class":61},[47,6135,6136,6138,6140,6142,6144,6147],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6137,167],{"class":166},[47,6139,170],{"class":61},[47,6141,5228],{"class":166},[47,6143,170],{"class":61},[47,6145,6146],{"class":125},"\"\"",[47,6148,506],{"class":61},[47,6150,6151,6153,6155,6157,6159,6162],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6152,167],{"class":166},[47,6154,170],{"class":61},[47,6156,5228],{"class":166},[47,6158,170],{"class":61},[47,6160,6161],{"class":118},"set",[47,6163,6164],{"class":61},"()))\n",[14,6166,215],{},[37,6168,6170],{"className":39,"code":6169,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[44,6171,6172,6176,6180],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6173,6174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6175,3913],{"class":412},[47,6177,6178],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6179,3913],{"class":412},[47,6181,6182],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6183,3913],{"class":412},[32,6185,6187],{"id":6186},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6189,1967,6190,6192],{},[44,6191,5059],{}," when you want to:",[291,6194,6195,6198,6201],{},[294,6196,6197],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[294,6199,6200],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[294,6202,6203],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6205,6206],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[37,6208,6210],{"className":39,"code":6209,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[44,6211,6212,6237,6241,6251,6255,6269,6288,6298,6303,6307],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6213,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228,6230,6232,6235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6215,54],{"class":53},[47,6217,58],{"class":57},[47,6219,957],{"class":61},[47,6221,66],{"class":65},[47,6223,69],{"class":61},[47,6225,77],{"class":65},[47,6227,69],{"class":61},[47,6229,4480],{"class":65},[47,6231,69],{"class":61},[47,6233,6234],{"class":65}," 8",[47,6236,1402],{"class":61},[47,6238,6239],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6240,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,6242,6243,6246,6248],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6244,6245],{"class":53},"found_even ",[47,6247,58],{"class":57},[47,6249,6250],{"class":412}," False\n",[47,6252,6253],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,6254,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,6256,6257,6259,6262,6264,6266],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,6258,5832],{"class":3749},[47,6260,6261],{"class":53}," number ",[47,6263,3756],{"class":3749},[47,6265,4136],{"class":53},[47,6267,6268],{"class":61},":\n",[47,6270,6271,6274,6276,6279,6281,6284,6286],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,6272,6273],{"class":3749},"    if",[47,6275,6261],{"class":53},[47,6277,6278],{"class":57},"%",[47,6280,72],{"class":65},[47,6282,6283],{"class":57}," ==",[47,6285,3706],{"class":65},[47,6287,6268],{"class":61},[47,6289,6290,6293,6295],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,6291,6292],{"class":53},"        found_even ",[47,6294,58],{"class":57},[47,6296,6297],{"class":412}," True\n",[47,6299,6300],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,6301,6302],{"class":3749},"        break\n",[47,6304,6305],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,6306,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,6308,6310,6312,6314,6317],{"class":49,"line":6309},10,[47,6311,167],{"class":166},[47,6313,170],{"class":61},[47,6315,6316],{"class":173},"found_even",[47,6318,80],{"class":61},[14,6320,6321],{},"You can write:",[37,6323,6325],{"className":39,"code":6324,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[44,6326,6327,6351],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6328,6329,6331,6333,6335,6337,6339,6341,6343,6345,6347,6349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6330,54],{"class":53},[47,6332,58],{"class":57},[47,6334,957],{"class":61},[47,6336,66],{"class":65},[47,6338,69],{"class":61},[47,6340,77],{"class":65},[47,6342,69],{"class":61},[47,6344,4480],{"class":65},[47,6346,69],{"class":61},[47,6348,6234],{"class":65},[47,6350,1402],{"class":61},[47,6352,6353,6355,6357,6359,6361,6363,6365,6367,6369,6371,6373,6375,6377,6379],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6354,167],{"class":166},[47,6356,170],{"class":61},[47,6358,5228],{"class":166},[47,6360,170],{"class":61},[47,6362,2093],{"class":173},[47,6364,6278],{"class":57},[47,6366,72],{"class":65},[47,6368,6283],{"class":57},[47,6370,3706],{"class":65},[47,6372,3750],{"class":3749},[47,6374,6261],{"class":173},[47,6376,3756],{"class":3749},[47,6378,4136],{"class":173},[47,6380,506],{"class":61},[14,6382,6383,6384,6386],{},"Both work, but ",[44,6385,5059],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[32,6388,4393],{"id":4392},[14,6390,6391,6392,30],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[44,6393,5059],{},[773,6395,6397],{"id":6396},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6399,4400],{},[37,6401,6403],{"className":39,"code":6402,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any(5))\n",[44,6404,6405],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6406,6407,6409,6411,6413,6415,6417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6408,167],{"class":166},[47,6410,170],{"class":61},[47,6412,5228],{"class":166},[47,6414,170],{"class":61},[47,6416,104],{"class":65},[47,6418,506],{"class":61},[14,6420,6421,6422,6424],{},"It causes an error because ",[44,6423,104],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6426,6427],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[37,6429,6431],{"className":39,"code":6430,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([5]))\n",[44,6432,6433],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6434,6435,6437,6439,6441,6443,6445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6436,167],{"class":166},[47,6438,170],{"class":61},[47,6440,5228],{"class":166},[47,6442,122],{"class":61},[47,6444,104],{"class":65},[47,6446,2873],{"class":61},[773,6448,6450],{"id":6449},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6452,6453,6455,6456,6459],{},[44,6454,5059],{}," needs only ",[575,6457,6458],{},"one"," truthy item.",[37,6461,6463],{"className":39,"code":6462,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[44,6464,6465],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6466,6467,6469,6471,6473,6475,6477,6479,6481,6483,6485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6468,167],{"class":166},[47,6470,170],{"class":61},[47,6472,5228],{"class":166},[47,6474,122],{"class":61},[47,6476,3546],{"class":412},[47,6478,69],{"class":61},[47,6480,3780],{"class":412},[47,6482,69],{"class":61},[47,6484,413],{"class":412},[47,6486,2873],{"class":61},[14,6488,215],{},[37,6490,6491],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,6492,6493],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6494,6495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6496,3852],{"class":412},[14,6498,6499,6500,6504],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[21,6501,6502],{"href":5299},[44,6503,3451],{}," instead.",[773,6506,6508],{"id":6507},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6510,6511,6512,30],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[44,6513,6514],{},"\"True\"",[37,6516,6518],{"className":39,"code":6517,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[44,6519,6520],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6521,6522,6524,6526,6528,6530,6532,6534,6536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6523,167],{"class":166},[47,6525,170],{"class":61},[47,6527,5228],{"class":166},[47,6529,122],{"class":61},[47,6531,126],{"class":125},[47,6533,3546],{"class":129},[47,6535,126],{"class":125},[47,6537,2873],{"class":61},[14,6539,215],{},[37,6541,6542],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,6543,6544],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6545,6546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6547,3852],{"class":412},[14,6549,6550,6551,6554],{},"That is because ",[44,6552,6553],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[773,6556,6558],{"id":6557},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6560,6561],{},"This works:",[37,6563,6565],{"className":39,"code":6564,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[44,6566,6567,6587],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6568,6569,6571,6573,6575,6577,6579,6581,6583,6585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6570,54],{"class":53},[47,6572,58],{"class":57},[47,6574,957],{"class":61},[47,6576,66],{"class":65},[47,6578,69],{"class":61},[47,6580,72],{"class":65},[47,6582,69],{"class":61},[47,6584,77],{"class":65},[47,6586,1402],{"class":61},[47,6588,6589,6591,6593,6595,6597,6599,6601,6603,6605,6607,6609,6611],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6590,167],{"class":166},[47,6592,170],{"class":61},[47,6594,5228],{"class":166},[47,6596,122],{"class":61},[47,6598,2899],{"class":173},[47,6600,4125],{"class":57},[47,6602,72],{"class":65},[47,6604,3750],{"class":3749},[47,6606,3753],{"class":173},[47,6608,3756],{"class":3749},[47,6610,4136],{"class":173},[47,6612,2873],{"class":61},[14,6614,6615],{},"But this is usually better:",[37,6617,6619],{"className":39,"code":6618,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[44,6620,6621,6641],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6622,6623,6625,6627,6629,6631,6633,6635,6637,6639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6624,54],{"class":53},[47,6626,58],{"class":57},[47,6628,957],{"class":61},[47,6630,66],{"class":65},[47,6632,69],{"class":61},[47,6634,72],{"class":65},[47,6636,69],{"class":61},[47,6638,77],{"class":65},[47,6640,1402],{"class":61},[47,6642,6643,6645,6647,6649,6651,6653,6655,6657,6659,6661,6663,6665],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6644,167],{"class":166},[47,6646,170],{"class":61},[47,6648,5228],{"class":166},[47,6650,170],{"class":61},[47,6652,2899],{"class":173},[47,6654,4125],{"class":57},[47,6656,72],{"class":65},[47,6658,3750],{"class":3749},[47,6660,3753],{"class":173},[47,6662,3756],{"class":3749},[47,6664,4136],{"class":173},[47,6666,506],{"class":61},[14,6668,6669],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[32,6671,1708],{"id":1707},[773,6673,6675],{"id":6674},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6677,1750,6678,6680,6681,30],{},[44,6679,3477],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[44,6682,3546],{},[773,6684,6686],{"id":6685},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,6688,6689,2274,6691,6693],{},[44,6690,5059],{},[44,6692,3546],{}," for an empty iterable.",[773,6695,6697],{"id":6696},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,6699,6700,6702,6703,6705],{},[44,6701,5059],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[44,6704,3451],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[773,6707,6709],{"id":6708},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,6711,6712],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[37,6714,6715],{"className":39,"code":5818,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,6716,6717],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6718,6719,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729,6731,6733],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6720,5228],{"class":166},[47,6722,170],{"class":61},[47,6724,5829],{"class":173},[47,6726,5832],{"class":3749},[47,6728,5835],{"class":173},[47,6730,3756],{"class":3749},[47,6732,5840],{"class":173},[47,6734,80],{"class":61},[14,6736,5346],{},[37,6738,6739],{"className":39,"code":6618,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,6740,6741,6761],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6742,6743,6745,6747,6749,6751,6753,6755,6757,6759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6744,54],{"class":53},[47,6746,58],{"class":57},[47,6748,957],{"class":61},[47,6750,66],{"class":65},[47,6752,69],{"class":61},[47,6754,72],{"class":65},[47,6756,69],{"class":61},[47,6758,77],{"class":65},[47,6760,1402],{"class":61},[47,6762,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771,6773,6775,6777,6779,6781,6783,6785],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6764,167],{"class":166},[47,6766,170],{"class":61},[47,6768,5228],{"class":166},[47,6770,170],{"class":61},[47,6772,2899],{"class":173},[47,6774,4125],{"class":57},[47,6776,72],{"class":65},[47,6778,3750],{"class":3749},[47,6780,3753],{"class":173},[47,6782,3756],{"class":3749},[47,6784,4136],{"class":173},[47,6786,506],{"class":61},[32,6788,1758],{"id":1757},[291,6790,6791,6797,6801,6805,6810],{},[294,6792,6793],{},[21,6794,6795,3381],{"href":5299},[44,6796,3451],{},[294,6798,6799],{},[21,6800,3680],{"href":5651},[294,6802,6803],{},[21,6804,5091],{"href":5460},[294,6806,6807],{},[21,6808,6809],{"href":6071},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[294,6811,6812],{},[21,6813,6814,3381],{"href":5654},[44,6815,3686],{},[1796,6817,6818],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":6820},[6821,6822,6823,6824,6825,6826,6827,6828,6834,6840],{"id":5249,"depth":83,"text":5250},{"id":5304,"depth":83,"text":5305},{"id":3602,"depth":83,"text":3603},{"id":5660,"depth":83,"text":5661},{"id":5803,"depth":83,"text":5804},{"id":6075,"depth":83,"text":6076},{"id":6186,"depth":83,"text":6187},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":6829},[6830,6831,6832,6833],{"id":6396,"depth":94,"text":6397},{"id":6449,"depth":94,"text":6450},{"id":6507,"depth":94,"text":6508},{"id":6557,"depth":94,"text":6558},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":6835},[6836,6837,6838,6839],{"id":6674,"depth":94,"text":6675},{"id":6685,"depth":94,"text":6686},{"id":6696,"depth":94,"text":6697},{"id":6708,"depth":94,"text":6709},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5154,"description":6841},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6847,"title":6848,"body":6849,"description":8982,"extension":1837,"meta":8983,"navigation":159,"path":8984,"seo":8985,"stem":8986,"__hash__":8987},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6850,"toc":8945},[6851,6854,6863,6873,6875,6972,6974,7003,7019,7023,7028,7031,7041,7047,7053,7069,7071,7079,7086,7090,7093,7108,7113,7131,7136,7138,7186,7188,7205,7209,7215,7218,7252,7254,7360,7362,7399,7403,7411,7413,7433,7435,7556,7558,7587,7590,7613,7615,7623,7631,7635,7641,7645,7687,7689,7697,7700,7728,7730,7738,7742,7771,7773,7781,7813,7815,7823,7827,7878,7880,7888,7896,7900,7903,7956,7958,7979,7986,7990,7996,7999,8007,8029,8031,8039,8047,8070,8072,8080,8085,8090,8102,8104,8145,8156,8160,8169,8172,8175,8234,8237,8289,8292,8298,8314,8320,8322,8327,8336,8339,8361,8363,8371,8376,8379,8414,8416,8424,8428,8433,8471,8483,8486,8540,8548,8552,8555,8577,8586,8589,8630,8632,8655,8661,8667,8682,8684,8704,8707,8726,8728,8747,8751,8757,8836,8839,8853,8860,8862,8866,8873,8877,8881,8885,8890,8894,8899,8903,8910,8912,8942],[10,6852,6848],{"id":6853},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,6855,1854,6856,6858,6859,25,6861,30],{},[44,6857,3686],{}," function converts a value to either ",[44,6860,3477],{},[44,6862,3546],{},[14,6864,6865,6866,6868,6869,6872],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[44,6867,3686],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[44,6870,6871],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[32,6874,3482],{"id":3481},[37,6876,6878],{"className":39,"code":6877,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[44,6879,6880,6894,6908,6922,6940,6950],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6881,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6883,167],{"class":166},[47,6885,170],{"class":61},[47,6887,3740],{"class":118},[47,6889,170],{"class":61},[47,6891,1237],{"class":65},[47,6893,506],{"class":61},[47,6895,6896,6898,6900,6902,6904,6906],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6897,167],{"class":166},[47,6899,170],{"class":61},[47,6901,3740],{"class":118},[47,6903,170],{"class":61},[47,6905,66],{"class":65},[47,6907,506],{"class":61},[47,6909,6910,6912,6914,6916,6918,6920],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6911,167],{"class":166},[47,6913,170],{"class":61},[47,6915,3740],{"class":118},[47,6917,170],{"class":61},[47,6919,6146],{"class":125},[47,6921,506],{"class":61},[47,6923,6924,6926,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,6925,167],{"class":166},[47,6927,170],{"class":61},[47,6929,3740],{"class":118},[47,6931,170],{"class":61},[47,6933,126],{"class":125},[47,6935,3718],{"class":129},[47,6937,126],{"class":125},[47,6939,506],{"class":61},[47,6941,6942,6944,6946,6948],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,6943,167],{"class":166},[47,6945,170],{"class":61},[47,6947,3740],{"class":118},[47,6949,4302],{"class":61},[47,6951,6952,6954,6956,6958,6960,6962,6964,6966,6968,6970],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,6953,167],{"class":166},[47,6955,170],{"class":61},[47,6957,3740],{"class":118},[47,6959,122],{"class":61},[47,6961,66],{"class":65},[47,6963,69],{"class":61},[47,6965,72],{"class":65},[47,6967,69],{"class":61},[47,6969,77],{"class":65},[47,6971,2873],{"class":61},[14,6973,5433],{},[37,6975,6977],{"className":39,"code":6976,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[44,6978,6979,6983,6987,6991,6995,6999],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,6980,6981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6982,3913],{"class":412},[47,6984,6985],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6986,3852],{"class":412},[47,6988,6989],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6990,3913],{"class":412},[47,6992,6993],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,6994,3852],{"class":412},[47,6996,6997],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,6998,3913],{"class":412},[47,7000,7001],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,7002,3852],{"class":412},[14,7004,1967,7005,7008,7009,25,7011,7013,7014,7016,7017,30],{},[44,7006,7007],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[44,7010,3477],{},[44,7012,3546],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[44,7015,3546],{},". Most other values become ",[44,7018,3477],{},[32,7020,7022],{"id":7021},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7024,7025,7027],{},[44,7026,3686],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7029,7030],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[291,7032,7033,7037],{},[294,7034,7035],{},[44,7036,3477],{},[294,7038,7039],{},[44,7040,3546],{},[14,7042,7043,7044,7046],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[44,7045,6871],{}," statements.",[14,7048,7049,7050,7052],{},"You can also call ",[44,7051,3686],{}," with no argument:",[37,7054,7056],{"className":39,"code":7055,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool())\n",[44,7057,7058],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7059,7060,7062,7064,7066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7061,167],{"class":166},[47,7063,170],{"class":61},[47,7065,3740],{"class":118},[47,7067,7068],{"class":61},"())\n",[14,7070,215],{},[37,7072,7073],{"className":39,"code":3913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,7074,7075],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7076,7077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7078,3913],{"class":412},[14,7080,7081,7082,30],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[21,7083,7085],{"href":7084},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[32,7087,7089],{"id":7088},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7091,7092],{},"The basic syntax is:",[37,7094,7096],{"className":39,"code":7095,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"bool(value)\n",[44,7097,7098],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7099,7100,7102,7104,7106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7101,3740],{"class":118},[47,7103,170],{"class":61},[47,7105,605],{"class":173},[47,7107,80],{"class":61},[14,7109,1854,7110,7112],{},[44,7111,605],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[291,7114,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123,7126,7128],{},[294,7116,174],{},[294,7118,812],{},[294,7120,5175],{},[294,7122,5178],{},[294,7124,7125],{},"dictionaries",[294,7127,5181],{},[294,7129,7130],{},"other objects",[14,7132,7133,7134,30],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[44,7135,3546],{},[14,7137,2083],{},[37,7139,7141],{"className":39,"code":7140,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[44,7142,7143,7157,7176],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7144,7145,7147,7149,7151,7153,7155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7146,167],{"class":166},[47,7148,170],{"class":61},[47,7150,3740],{"class":118},[47,7152,170],{"class":61},[47,7154,960],{"class":65},[47,7156,506],{"class":61},[47,7158,7159,7161,7163,7165,7167,7169,7172,7174],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7160,167],{"class":166},[47,7162,170],{"class":61},[47,7164,3740],{"class":118},[47,7166,170],{"class":61},[47,7168,126],{"class":125},[47,7170,7171],{"class":129},"Python",[47,7173,126],{"class":125},[47,7175,506],{"class":61},[47,7177,7178,7180,7182,7184],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7179,167],{"class":166},[47,7181,170],{"class":61},[47,7183,3740],{"class":118},[47,7185,7068],{"class":61},[14,7187,215],{},[37,7189,7191],{"className":39,"code":7190,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[44,7192,7193,7197,7201],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7194,7195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7196,3852],{"class":412},[47,7198,7199],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7200,3852],{"class":412},[47,7202,7203],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7204,3913],{"class":412},[32,7206,7208],{"id":7207},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7210,7211,7212,7214],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[575,7213,5470],{}," values.",[14,7216,7217],{},"Common examples:",[291,7219,7220,7224,7228,7232,7236,7240,7244,7248],{},[294,7221,7222],{},[44,7223,1237],{},[294,7225,7226],{},[44,7227,3642],{},[294,7229,7230],{},[44,7231,6146],{},[294,7233,7234],{},[44,7235,556],{},[294,7237,7238],{},[44,7239,550],{},[294,7241,7242],{},[44,7243,3665],{},[294,7245,7246],{},[44,7247,3670],{},[294,7249,7250],{},[44,7251,3652],{},[14,7253,2083],{},[37,7255,7257],{"className":39,"code":7256,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[44,7258,7259,7273,7287,7301,7311,7321,7332,7346],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7260,7261,7263,7265,7267,7269,7271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7262,167],{"class":166},[47,7264,170],{"class":61},[47,7266,3740],{"class":118},[47,7268,170],{"class":61},[47,7270,1237],{"class":65},[47,7272,506],{"class":61},[47,7274,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283,7285],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7276,167],{"class":166},[47,7278,170],{"class":61},[47,7280,3740],{"class":118},[47,7282,170],{"class":61},[47,7284,3642],{"class":65},[47,7286,506],{"class":61},[47,7288,7289,7291,7293,7295,7297,7299],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7290,167],{"class":166},[47,7292,170],{"class":61},[47,7294,3740],{"class":118},[47,7296,170],{"class":61},[47,7298,6146],{"class":125},[47,7300,506],{"class":61},[47,7302,7303,7305,7307,7309],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,7304,167],{"class":166},[47,7306,170],{"class":61},[47,7308,3740],{"class":118},[47,7310,4302],{"class":61},[47,7312,7313,7315,7317,7319],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,7314,167],{"class":166},[47,7316,170],{"class":61},[47,7318,3740],{"class":118},[47,7320,4360],{"class":61},[47,7322,7323,7325,7327,7329],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,7324,167],{"class":166},[47,7326,170],{"class":61},[47,7328,3740],{"class":118},[47,7330,7331],{"class":61},"({}))\n",[47,7333,7334,7336,7338,7340,7342,7344],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,7335,167],{"class":166},[47,7337,170],{"class":61},[47,7339,3740],{"class":118},[47,7341,170],{"class":61},[47,7343,6161],{"class":118},[47,7345,6164],{"class":61},[47,7347,7348,7350,7352,7354,7356,7358],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,7349,167],{"class":166},[47,7351,170],{"class":61},[47,7353,3740],{"class":118},[47,7355,170],{"class":61},[47,7357,3652],{"class":412},[47,7359,506],{"class":61},[14,7361,215],{},[37,7363,7365],{"className":39,"code":7364,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[44,7366,7367,7371,7375,7379,7383,7387,7391,7395],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7368,7369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7370,3913],{"class":412},[47,7372,7373],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7374,3913],{"class":412},[47,7376,7377],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7378,3913],{"class":412},[47,7380,7381],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,7382,3913],{"class":412},[47,7384,7385],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,7386,3913],{"class":412},[47,7388,7389],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,7390,3913],{"class":412},[47,7392,7393],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,7394,3913],{"class":412},[47,7396,7397],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,7398,3913],{"class":412},[32,7400,7402],{"id":7401},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7404,7405,7406,7408,7409,7214],{},"Many values become ",[44,7407,3477],{},". These are often called ",[575,7410,5467],{},[14,7412,7217],{},[291,7414,7415,7418,7421,7424,7427,7430],{},[294,7416,7417],{},"non-zero numbers",[294,7419,7420],{},"non-empty strings",[294,7422,7423],{},"non-empty lists",[294,7425,7426],{},"non-empty tuples",[294,7428,7429],{},"non-empty sets",[294,7431,7432],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7434,2083],{},[37,7436,7438],{"className":39,"code":7437,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[44,7439,7440,7454,7470,7488,7510,7528],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7441,7442,7444,7446,7448,7450,7452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7443,167],{"class":166},[47,7445,170],{"class":61},[47,7447,3740],{"class":118},[47,7449,170],{"class":61},[47,7451,104],{"class":65},[47,7453,506],{"class":61},[47,7455,7456,7458,7460,7462,7464,7466,7468],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7457,167],{"class":166},[47,7459,170],{"class":61},[47,7461,3740],{"class":118},[47,7463,170],{"class":61},[47,7465,1896],{"class":57},[47,7467,1931],{"class":65},[47,7469,506],{"class":61},[47,7471,7472,7474,7476,7478,7480,7482,7484,7486],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7473,167],{"class":166},[47,7475,170],{"class":61},[47,7477,3740],{"class":118},[47,7479,170],{"class":61},[47,7481,126],{"class":125},[47,7483,3718],{"class":129},[47,7485,126],{"class":125},[47,7487,506],{"class":61},[47,7489,7490,7492,7494,7496,7498,7500,7502,7504,7506,7508],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,7491,167],{"class":166},[47,7493,170],{"class":61},[47,7495,3740],{"class":118},[47,7497,122],{"class":61},[47,7499,66],{"class":65},[47,7501,69],{"class":61},[47,7503,72],{"class":65},[47,7505,69],{"class":61},[47,7507,77],{"class":65},[47,7509,2873],{"class":61},[47,7511,7512,7514,7516,7518,7520,7522,7524,7526],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,7513,167],{"class":166},[47,7515,170],{"class":61},[47,7517,3740],{"class":118},[47,7519,5384],{"class":61},[47,7521,66],{"class":65},[47,7523,69],{"class":61},[47,7525,72],{"class":65},[47,7527,2788],{"class":61},[47,7529,7530,7532,7534,7536,7538,7540,7543,7545,7547,7549,7552,7554],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,7531,167],{"class":166},[47,7533,170],{"class":61},[47,7535,3740],{"class":118},[47,7537,5403],{"class":61},[47,7539,126],{"class":125},[47,7541,7542],{"class":129},"name",[47,7544,126],{"class":125},[47,7546,2760],{"class":61},[47,7548,136],{"class":125},[47,7550,7551],{"class":129},"Sam",[47,7553,126],{"class":125},[47,7555,5412],{"class":61},[14,7557,215],{},[37,7559,7561],{"className":39,"code":7560,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[44,7562,7563,7567,7571,7575,7579,7583],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7564,7565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7566,3852],{"class":412},[47,7568,7569],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7570,3852],{"class":412},[47,7572,7573],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7574,3852],{"class":412},[47,7576,7577],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,7578,3852],{"class":412},[47,7580,7581],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,7582,3852],{"class":412},[47,7584,7585],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,7586,3852],{"class":412},[14,7588,7589],{},"One important example is this:",[37,7591,7593],{"className":39,"code":7592,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[44,7594,7595],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7596,7597,7599,7601,7603,7605,7607,7609,7611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7598,167],{"class":166},[47,7600,170],{"class":61},[47,7602,3740],{"class":118},[47,7604,170],{"class":61},[47,7606,126],{"class":125},[47,7608,3546],{"class":129},[47,7610,126],{"class":125},[47,7612,506],{"class":61},[14,7614,215],{},[37,7616,7617],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,7618,7619],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7620,7621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7622,3852],{"class":412},[14,7624,7625,7626,7628,7629,30],{},"Even though the text says ",[44,7627,6553],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[44,7630,3477],{},[32,7632,7634],{"id":7633},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7636,7637,7638,7640],{},"You can use ",[44,7639,3686],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[773,7642,7644],{"id":7643},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[37,7646,7648],{"className":39,"code":7647,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[44,7649,7650,7672],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7651,7652,7655,7657,7659,7661,7663,7665,7667,7670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7653,7654],{"class":53},"items ",[47,7656,58],{"class":57},[47,7658,957],{"class":61},[47,7660,960],{"class":65},[47,7662,69],{"class":61},[47,7664,965],{"class":65},[47,7666,69],{"class":61},[47,7668,7669],{"class":65}," 30",[47,7671,1402],{"class":61},[47,7673,7674,7676,7678,7680,7682,7685],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7675,167],{"class":166},[47,7677,170],{"class":61},[47,7679,3740],{"class":118},[47,7681,170],{"class":61},[47,7683,7684],{"class":173},"items",[47,7686,506],{"class":61},[14,7688,215],{},[37,7690,7691],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,7692,7693],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7694,7695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7696,3852],{"class":412},[14,7698,7699],{},"With an empty list:",[37,7701,7703],{"className":39,"code":7702,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[44,7704,7705,7714],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7706,7707,7709,7711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7708,7654],{"class":53},[47,7710,58],{"class":57},[47,7712,7713],{"class":61}," []\n",[47,7715,7716,7718,7720,7722,7724,7726],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7717,167],{"class":166},[47,7719,170],{"class":61},[47,7721,3740],{"class":118},[47,7723,170],{"class":61},[47,7725,7684],{"class":173},[47,7727,506],{"class":61},[14,7729,215],{},[37,7731,7732],{"className":39,"code":3913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,7733,7734],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7735,7736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7737,3913],{"class":412},[773,7739,7741],{"id":7740},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[37,7743,7745],{"className":39,"code":7744,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[44,7746,7747,7757],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7748,7749,7752,7754],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7750,7751],{"class":53},"name ",[47,7753,58],{"class":57},[47,7755,7756],{"class":125}," \"\"\n",[47,7758,7759,7761,7763,7765,7767,7769],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7760,167],{"class":166},[47,7762,170],{"class":61},[47,7764,3740],{"class":118},[47,7766,170],{"class":61},[47,7768,7542],{"class":173},[47,7770,506],{"class":61},[14,7772,215],{},[37,7774,7775],{"className":39,"code":3913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,7776,7777],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7778,7779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7780,3913],{"class":412},[37,7782,7784],{"className":39,"code":7783,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[44,7785,7786,7799],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7787,7788,7790,7792,7794,7797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7789,7751],{"class":53},[47,7791,58],{"class":57},[47,7793,136],{"class":125},[47,7795,7796],{"class":129},"Mia",[47,7798,3230],{"class":125},[47,7800,7801,7803,7805,7807,7809,7811],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7802,167],{"class":166},[47,7804,170],{"class":61},[47,7806,3740],{"class":118},[47,7808,170],{"class":61},[47,7810,7542],{"class":173},[47,7812,506],{"class":61},[14,7814,215],{},[37,7816,7817],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,7818,7819],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7820,7821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7822,3852],{"class":412},[773,7824,7826],{"id":7825},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[37,7828,7830],{"className":39,"code":7829,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[44,7831,7832,7846,7863,7867],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7833,7834,7837,7839,7841,7844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7835,7836],{"class":53},"username ",[47,7838,58],{"class":57},[47,7840,136],{"class":125},[47,7842,7843],{"class":129},"alex",[47,7845,3230],{"class":125},[47,7847,7848,7851,7853,7856,7858,7861],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7849,7850],{"class":53},"has_name ",[47,7852,58],{"class":57},[47,7854,7855],{"class":118}," bool",[47,7857,170],{"class":61},[47,7859,7860],{"class":173},"username",[47,7862,80],{"class":61},[47,7864,7865],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7866,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,7868,7869,7871,7873,7876],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,7870,167],{"class":166},[47,7872,170],{"class":61},[47,7874,7875],{"class":173},"has_name",[47,7877,80],{"class":61},[14,7879,215],{},[37,7881,7882],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,7883,7884],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7885,7886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7887,3852],{"class":412},[14,7889,7890,7891,25,7893,7895],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[44,7892,3477],{},[44,7894,3546],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[773,7897,7899],{"id":7898},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,7901,7902],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[37,7904,7906],{"className":39,"code":7905,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[44,7907,7908,7928,7932,7940],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7909,7910,7912,7914,7916,7918,7920,7922,7924,7926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7911,54],{"class":53},[47,7913,58],{"class":57},[47,7915,957],{"class":61},[47,7917,66],{"class":65},[47,7919,69],{"class":61},[47,7921,72],{"class":65},[47,7923,69],{"class":61},[47,7925,77],{"class":65},[47,7927,1402],{"class":61},[47,7929,7930],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7931,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,7933,7934,7936,7938],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7935,6871],{"class":3749},[47,7937,4136],{"class":53},[47,7939,6268],{"class":61},[47,7941,7942,7945,7947,7949,7952,7954],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,7943,7944],{"class":166},"    print",[47,7946,170],{"class":61},[47,7948,126],{"class":125},[47,7950,7951],{"class":129},"The list is not empty",[47,7953,126],{"class":125},[47,7955,80],{"class":61},[14,7957,215],{},[37,7959,7961],{"className":39,"code":7960,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"The list is not empty\n",[44,7962,7963],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,7964,7965,7967,7970,7973,7976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7966,1854],{"class":53},[47,7968,7969],{"class":118},"list",[47,7971,7972],{"class":57}," is",[47,7974,7975],{"class":57}," not",[47,7977,7978],{"class":53}," empty\n",[14,7980,7981,7982,30],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[21,7983,7985],{"href":7984},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[32,7987,7989],{"id":7988},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,7991,7992,7993,7995],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[44,7994,3686],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,7997,7998],{},"It does not do that.",[773,8000,8002,2274,8005],{"id":8001},"boolfalse-returns-true",[44,8003,8004],{},"bool(\"False\")",[44,8006,3477],{},[37,8008,8009],{"className":39,"code":7592,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,8010,8011],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8012,8013,8015,8017,8019,8021,8023,8025,8027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8014,167],{"class":166},[47,8016,170],{"class":61},[47,8018,3740],{"class":118},[47,8020,170],{"class":61},[47,8022,126],{"class":125},[47,8024,3546],{"class":129},[47,8026,126],{"class":125},[47,8028,506],{"class":61},[14,8030,215],{},[37,8032,8033],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,8034,8035],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8036,8037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8038,3852],{"class":412},[773,8040,8042,2274,8045],{"id":8041},"bool0-returns-true",[44,8043,8044],{},"bool(\"0\")",[44,8046,3477],{},[37,8048,8050],{"className":39,"code":8049,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[44,8051,8052],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8053,8054,8056,8058,8060,8062,8064,8066,8068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8055,167],{"class":166},[47,8057,170],{"class":61},[47,8059,3740],{"class":118},[47,8061,170],{"class":61},[47,8063,126],{"class":125},[47,8065,1237],{"class":129},[47,8067,126],{"class":125},[47,8069,506],{"class":61},[14,8071,215],{},[37,8073,8074],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,8075,8076],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8077,8078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8079,3852],{"class":412},[14,8081,8082,8083,30],{},"This happens because both values are ",[575,8084,7420],{},[14,8086,8087,8089],{},[44,8088,3686],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8091,8092,8093,8098,8099,8101],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[21,8094,8096],{"href":8095},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[44,8097,2833],{},", because ",[44,8100,2833],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8103,2083],{},[37,8105,8107],{"className":39,"code":8106,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[44,8108,8109,8130],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8110,8111,8114,8116,8119,8121,8123,8126,8128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8112,8113],{"class":53},"user_value ",[47,8115,58],{"class":57},[47,8117,8118],{"class":166}," input",[47,8120,170],{"class":61},[47,8122,126],{"class":125},[47,8124,8125],{"class":129},"Enter True or False: ",[47,8127,126],{"class":125},[47,8129,80],{"class":61},[47,8131,8132,8134,8136,8138,8140,8143],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8133,167],{"class":166},[47,8135,170],{"class":61},[47,8137,3740],{"class":118},[47,8139,170],{"class":61},[47,8141,8142],{"class":173},"user_value",[47,8144,506],{"class":61},[14,8146,8147,8148,8150,8151,8098,8153,8155],{},"If the user types ",[44,8149,3546],{},", the result will still be ",[44,8152,3477],{},[44,8154,6553],{}," is not empty.",[32,8157,8159],{"id":8158},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8161,8162,8163,8165,8166,8168],{},"In many ",[44,8164,6871],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[44,8167,3686],{}," yourself.",[14,8170,8171],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8173,8174],{},"Instead of this:",[37,8176,8178],{"className":39,"code":8177,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[44,8179,8180,8201,8205,8219],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8181,8182,8185,8187,8189,8191,8193,8195,8197,8199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8183,8184],{"class":53},"my_list ",[47,8186,58],{"class":57},[47,8188,957],{"class":61},[47,8190,66],{"class":65},[47,8192,69],{"class":61},[47,8194,72],{"class":65},[47,8196,69],{"class":61},[47,8198,77],{"class":65},[47,8200,1402],{"class":61},[47,8202,8203],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8204,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,8206,8207,8209,8211,8213,8216],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,8208,6871],{"class":3749},[47,8210,7855],{"class":118},[47,8212,170],{"class":61},[47,8214,8215],{"class":173},"my_list",[47,8217,8218],{"class":61},"):\n",[47,8220,8221,8223,8225,8227,8230,8232],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,8222,7944],{"class":166},[47,8224,170],{"class":61},[47,8226,126],{"class":125},[47,8228,8229],{"class":129},"List has items",[47,8231,126],{"class":125},[47,8233,80],{"class":61},[14,8235,8236],{},"You can simply write:",[37,8238,8240],{"className":39,"code":8239,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[44,8241,8242,8262,8266,8275],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8243,8244,8246,8248,8250,8252,8254,8256,8258,8260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8245,8184],{"class":53},[47,8247,58],{"class":57},[47,8249,957],{"class":61},[47,8251,66],{"class":65},[47,8253,69],{"class":61},[47,8255,72],{"class":65},[47,8257,69],{"class":61},[47,8259,77],{"class":65},[47,8261,1402],{"class":61},[47,8263,8264],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8265,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,8267,8268,8270,8273],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,8269,6871],{"class":3749},[47,8271,8272],{"class":53}," my_list",[47,8274,6268],{"class":61},[47,8276,8277,8279,8281,8283,8285,8287],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,8278,7944],{"class":166},[47,8280,170],{"class":61},[47,8282,126],{"class":125},[47,8284,8229],{"class":129},[47,8286,126],{"class":125},[47,8288,80],{"class":61},[14,8290,8291],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8293,8294,8295,8297],{},"Using ",[44,8296,3686],{}," is still helpful when:",[291,8299,8300,8303,8311],{},[294,8301,8302],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[294,8304,8305,8306,25,8308,8310],{},"you want to store a real ",[44,8307,3477],{},[44,8309,3546],{}," value",[294,8312,8313],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8315,8316,8317,30],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[21,8318,8319],{"href":2176},"Python type() function explained",[32,8321,1284],{"id":1283},[14,8323,8324,8325,30],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[44,8326,3686],{},[773,8328,8330,8331,8333,8334],{"id":8329},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[44,8332,8004],{}," to return ",[44,8335,3546],{},[14,8337,8338],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[37,8340,8341],{"className":39,"code":7592,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,8342,8343],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8344,8345,8347,8349,8351,8353,8355,8357,8359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8346,167],{"class":166},[47,8348,170],{"class":61},[47,8350,3740],{"class":118},[47,8352,170],{"class":61},[47,8354,126],{"class":125},[47,8356,3546],{"class":129},[47,8358,126],{"class":125},[47,8360,506],{"class":61},[14,8362,215],{},[37,8364,8365],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,8366,8367],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8368,8369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8370,3852],{"class":412},[14,8372,8373,8374,6554],{},"Why? Because ",[44,8375,6553],{},[14,8377,8378],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[37,8380,8382],{"className":39,"code":8381,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[44,8383,8384,8396],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8385,8386,8388,8390,8392,8394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8387,588],{"class":53},[47,8389,58],{"class":57},[47,8391,136],{"class":125},[47,8393,3546],{"class":129},[47,8395,3230],{"class":125},[47,8397,8398,8400,8402,8404,8406,8408,8410,8412],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8399,167],{"class":166},[47,8401,170],{"class":61},[47,8403,588],{"class":173},[47,8405,4563],{"class":57},[47,8407,136],{"class":125},[47,8409,3477],{"class":129},[47,8411,126],{"class":125},[47,8413,80],{"class":61},[14,8415,215],{},[37,8417,8418],{"className":39,"code":3913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,8419,8420],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8421,8422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8423,3913],{"class":412},[773,8425,8427],{"id":8426},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8429,8430,8432],{},[44,8431,2833],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[37,8434,8436],{"className":39,"code":8435,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[44,8437,8438,8457],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8439,8440,8442,8444,8446,8448,8450,8453,8455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8441,588],{"class":53},[47,8443,58],{"class":57},[47,8445,8118],{"class":166},[47,8447,170],{"class":61},[47,8449,126],{"class":125},[47,8451,8452],{"class":129},"Enter yes or no: ",[47,8454,126],{"class":125},[47,8456,80],{"class":61},[47,8458,8459,8461,8463,8465,8467,8469],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8460,167],{"class":166},[47,8462,170],{"class":61},[47,8464,3740],{"class":118},[47,8466,170],{"class":61},[47,8468,605],{"class":173},[47,8470,506],{"class":61},[14,8472,8147,8473,8476,8477,8479,8480,8155],{},[44,8474,8475],{},"no",", the result is still ",[44,8478,3477],{}," because ",[44,8481,8482],{},"\"no\"",[14,8484,8485],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[37,8487,8489],{"className":39,"code":8488,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[44,8490,8491,8521],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8492,8493,8495,8497,8499,8501,8503,8505,8507,8510,8513,8516,8519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8494,588],{"class":53},[47,8496,58],{"class":57},[47,8498,8118],{"class":166},[47,8500,170],{"class":61},[47,8502,126],{"class":125},[47,8504,8452],{"class":129},[47,8506,126],{"class":125},[47,8508,8509],{"class":61},").",[47,8511,8512],{"class":173},"strip",[47,8514,8515],{"class":61},"().",[47,8517,8518],{"class":173},"lower",[47,8520,241],{"class":61},[47,8522,8523,8525,8527,8529,8531,8533,8536,8538],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8524,167],{"class":166},[47,8526,170],{"class":61},[47,8528,588],{"class":173},[47,8530,4563],{"class":57},[47,8532,136],{"class":125},[47,8534,8535],{"class":129},"yes",[47,8537,126],{"class":125},[47,8539,80],{"class":61},[14,8541,8542,8543,8545,8546,30],{},"This gives ",[44,8544,3477],{}," only when the user enters ",[44,8547,8535],{},[773,8549,8551],{"id":8550},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8553,8554],{},"These are different:",[291,8556,8557,8561,8565,8569,8573],{},[294,8558,8559],{},[44,8560,3546],{},[294,8562,8563],{},[44,8564,1237],{},[294,8566,8567],{},[44,8568,6146],{},[294,8570,8571],{},[44,8572,556],{},[294,8574,8575],{},[44,8576,3652],{},[14,8578,8579,8580,8582,8583,8585],{},"They all become ",[44,8581,3546],{}," with ",[44,8584,3686],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8587,8588],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[37,8590,8592],{"className":39,"code":8591,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[44,8593,8594,8602,8616],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8595,8596,8598,8600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8597,588],{"class":53},[47,8599,58],{"class":57},[47,8601,7713],{"class":61},[47,8603,8604,8606,8608,8610,8612,8614],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8605,167],{"class":166},[47,8607,170],{"class":61},[47,8609,499],{"class":118},[47,8611,170],{"class":61},[47,8613,605],{"class":173},[47,8615,506],{"class":61},[47,8617,8618,8620,8622,8624,8626,8628],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,8619,167],{"class":166},[47,8621,170],{"class":61},[47,8623,3740],{"class":118},[47,8625,170],{"class":61},[47,8627,605],{"class":173},[47,8629,506],{"class":61},[14,8631,215],{},[37,8633,8635],{"className":39,"code":8634,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[44,8636,8637,8651],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8638,8639,8641,8643,8645,8647,8649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8640,522],{"class":57},[47,8642,526],{"class":525},[47,8644,265],{"class":125},[47,8646,7969],{"class":129},[47,8648,256],{"class":125},[47,8650,536],{"class":57},[47,8652,8653],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8654,3913],{"class":412},[773,8656,8294,8658,8660],{"id":8657},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[44,8659,3665],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8662,8663,8664,8666],{},"In Python, ",[44,8665,3665],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[37,8668,8670],{"className":39,"code":8669,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type({}))\n",[44,8671,8672],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8673,8674,8676,8678,8680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8675,167],{"class":166},[47,8677,170],{"class":61},[47,8679,499],{"class":118},[47,8681,7331],{"class":61},[14,8683,215],{},[37,8685,8687],{"className":39,"code":8686,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[44,8688,8689],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8690,8691,8693,8695,8697,8700,8702],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8692,522],{"class":57},[47,8694,526],{"class":525},[47,8696,265],{"class":125},[47,8698,8699],{"class":129},"dict",[47,8701,256],{"class":125},[47,8703,536],{"class":57},[14,8705,8706],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[37,8708,8710],{"className":39,"code":8709,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(set()))\n",[44,8711,8712],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8713,8714,8716,8718,8720,8722,8724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8715,167],{"class":166},[47,8717,170],{"class":61},[47,8719,499],{"class":118},[47,8721,170],{"class":61},[47,8723,6161],{"class":118},[47,8725,6164],{"class":61},[14,8727,215],{},[37,8729,8731],{"className":39,"code":8730,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[44,8732,8733],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8734,8735,8737,8739,8741,8743,8745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8736,522],{"class":57},[47,8738,526],{"class":525},[47,8740,265],{"class":125},[47,8742,6161],{"class":129},[47,8744,256],{"class":125},[47,8746,536],{"class":57},[32,8748,8750],{"id":8749},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,8752,8753,8754,8756],{},"If ",[44,8755,3686],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[37,8758,8760],{"className":39,"code":8759,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[44,8761,8762,8776,8790,8800,8818],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,8763,8764,8766,8768,8770,8772,8774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8765,167],{"class":166},[47,8767,170],{"class":61},[47,8769,3740],{"class":118},[47,8771,170],{"class":61},[47,8773,605],{"class":173},[47,8775,506],{"class":61},[47,8777,8778,8780,8782,8784,8786,8788],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8779,167],{"class":166},[47,8781,170],{"class":61},[47,8783,499],{"class":118},[47,8785,170],{"class":61},[47,8787,605],{"class":173},[47,8789,506],{"class":61},[47,8791,8792,8794,8796,8798],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,8793,167],{"class":166},[47,8795,170],{"class":61},[47,8797,605],{"class":173},[47,8799,80],{"class":61},[47,8801,8802,8804,8806,8808,8810,8812,8814,8816],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,8803,167],{"class":166},[47,8805,170],{"class":61},[47,8807,588],{"class":173},[47,8809,4563],{"class":57},[47,8811,136],{"class":125},[47,8813,3477],{"class":129},[47,8815,126],{"class":125},[47,8817,80],{"class":61},[47,8819,8820,8822,8824,8826,8828,8830,8832,8834],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,8821,167],{"class":166},[47,8823,170],{"class":61},[47,8825,605],{"class":173},[47,8827,30],{"class":61},[47,8829,8512],{"class":173},[47,8831,8515],{"class":61},[47,8833,8518],{"class":173},[47,8835,7068],{"class":61},[14,8837,8838],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[291,8840,8841,8844,8847,8850],{},[294,8842,8843],{},"what the value really is",[294,8845,8846],{},"whether it is a string",[294,8848,8849],{},"whether it contains spaces",[294,8851,8852],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,8854,8855,8856,30],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[21,8857,8859],{"href":8858},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[32,8861,1708],{"id":1707},[773,8863,8865],{"id":8864},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,8867,8868,8869,25,8871,30],{},"It returns either ",[44,8870,3477],{},[44,8872,3546],{},[773,8874,8876],{"id":8875},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,8878,1750,8879,30],{},[44,8880,3546],{},[773,8882,8884],{"id":8883},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,8886,8887,8888,30],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[44,8889,3477],{},[773,8891,8893],{"id":8892},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,8895,8896,8897,30],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[44,8898,3546],{},[773,8900,8902],{"id":8901},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,8904,8905,8906,25,8908,3611],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[44,8907,3477],{},[44,8909,3546],{},[32,8911,1758],{"id":1757},[291,8913,8914,8919,8923,8928,8932,8937],{},[294,8915,8916],{},[21,8917,8918],{"href":5651},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[294,8920,8921],{},[21,8922,7985],{"href":7984},[294,8924,8925],{},[21,8926,8927],{"href":8095},"Python input() function explained",[294,8929,8930],{},[21,8931,8319],{"href":2176},[294,8933,8934],{},[21,8935,8936],{"href":8858},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[294,8938,8939],{},[21,8940,8941],{"href":7084},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1796,8943,8944],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":8946},[8947,8948,8949,8950,8951,8952,8958,8964,8965,8973,8974,8981],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":7021,"depth":83,"text":7022},{"id":7088,"depth":83,"text":7089},{"id":7207,"depth":83,"text":7208},{"id":7401,"depth":83,"text":7402},{"id":7633,"depth":83,"text":7634,"children":8953},[8954,8955,8956,8957],{"id":7643,"depth":94,"text":7644},{"id":7740,"depth":94,"text":7741},{"id":7825,"depth":94,"text":7826},{"id":7898,"depth":94,"text":7899},{"id":7988,"depth":83,"text":7989,"children":8959},[8960,8962],{"id":8001,"depth":94,"text":8961},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8041,"depth":94,"text":8963},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8158,"depth":83,"text":8159},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":8966},[8967,8969,8970,8971],{"id":8329,"depth":94,"text":8968},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8426,"depth":94,"text":8427},{"id":8550,"depth":94,"text":8551},{"id":8657,"depth":94,"text":8972},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8749,"depth":83,"text":8750},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":8975},[8976,8977,8978,8979,8980],{"id":8864,"depth":94,"text":8865},{"id":8875,"depth":94,"text":8876},{"id":8883,"depth":94,"text":8884},{"id":8892,"depth":94,"text":8893},{"id":8901,"depth":94,"text":8902},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6848,"description":8982},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8989,"title":8990,"body":8991,"description":11181,"extension":1837,"meta":11182,"navigation":159,"path":11183,"seo":11184,"stem":11185,"__hash__":11186},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8992,"toc":11143},[8993,8999,9005,9012,9017,9028,9035,9140,9144,9213,9218,9223,9228,9231,9242,9247,9250,9261,9268,9270,9275,9279,9304,9308,9317,9321,9384,9388,9421,9425,9470,9474,9511,9515,9518,9574,9578,9623,9626,9631,9670,9674,9697,9700,9714,9727,9731,9736,9803,9807,9843,9846,9854,9857,9921,9925,9957,9963,9965,10025,10032,10035,10113,10117,10150,10154,10157,10201,10205,10241,10244,10261,10264,10267,10320,10323,10334,10341,10350,10353,10411,10415,10456,10464,10472,10478,10486,10498,10503,10514,10587,10590,10602,10618,10622,10627,10631,10633,10676,10682,10685,10748,10752,10755,10764,10769,10806,10810,10813,10821,10824,10863,10867,10870,10921,10925,10946,10953,10955,10961,10988,10991,11045,11048,11059,11061,11068,11076,11082,11087,11094,11097,11104,11111,11113,11140],[10,8994,3448,8996,3452],{"id":8995},"python-dict-function-explained",[44,8997,8998],{},"dict()",[14,9000,9001,9002,9004],{},"The built-in ",[44,9003,8998],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9006,9007,9008,9011],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[575,9009,9010],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9013,9014,9016],{},[44,9015,8998],{}," is commonly used to:",[291,9018,9019,9022,9025],{},[294,9020,9021],{},"create an empty dictionary",[294,9023,9024],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[294,9026,9027],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9029,9030,9031,30],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[21,9032,9034],{"href":9033},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[37,9036,9038],{"className":39,"code":9037,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[44,9039,9040,9074,9084,9088,9125],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9041,9042,9044,9046,9049,9051,9054,9056,9058,9060,9062,9064,9067,9069,9072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9043,392],{"class":53},[47,9045,58],{"class":57},[47,9047,9048],{"class":118}," dict",[47,9050,170],{"class":61},[47,9052,7542],{"class":9053},"s99_P",[47,9055,58],{"class":57},[47,9057,256],{"class":125},[47,9059,4879],{"class":129},[47,9061,256],{"class":125},[47,9063,69],{"class":61},[47,9065,9066],{"class":9053}," age",[47,9068,58],{"class":57},[47,9070,9071],{"class":65},"25",[47,9073,80],{"class":61},[47,9075,9076,9078,9080,9082],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9077,167],{"class":166},[47,9079,170],{"class":61},[47,9081,424],{"class":173},[47,9083,80],{"class":61},[47,9085,9086],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,9087,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,9089,9090,9093,9095,9098,9100,9102,9104,9106,9108,9110,9112,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,9091,9092],{"class":53},"pairs ",[47,9094,58],{"class":57},[47,9096,9097],{"class":61}," [(",[47,9099,256],{"class":125},[47,9101,21],{"class":129},[47,9103,256],{"class":125},[47,9105,69],{"class":61},[47,9107,1242],{"class":65},[47,9109,954],{"class":61},[47,9111,62],{"class":61},[47,9113,256],{"class":125},[47,9115,139],{"class":129},[47,9117,256],{"class":125},[47,9119,69],{"class":61},[47,9121,72],{"class":65},[47,9123,9124],{"class":61},")]\n",[47,9126,9127,9129,9131,9133,9135,9138],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,9128,167],{"class":166},[47,9130,170],{"class":61},[47,9132,8699],{"class":118},[47,9134,170],{"class":61},[47,9136,9137],{"class":173},"pairs",[47,9139,506],{"class":61},[14,9141,9142],{},[575,9143,215],{},[37,9145,9147],{"className":39,"code":9146,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[44,9148,9149,9185],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9150,9151,9154,9156,9158,9160,9162,9164,9166,9168,9170,9172,9175,9177,9179,9182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9152,9153],{"class":61},"{",[47,9155,256],{"class":125},[47,9157,7542],{"class":129},[47,9159,256],{"class":125},[47,9161,2760],{"class":61},[47,9163,265],{"class":125},[47,9165,4879],{"class":129},[47,9167,256],{"class":125},[47,9169,69],{"class":61},[47,9171,265],{"class":125},[47,9173,9174],{"class":129},"age",[47,9176,256],{"class":125},[47,9178,2760],{"class":61},[47,9180,9181],{"class":65}," 25",[47,9183,9184],{"class":61},"}\n",[47,9186,9187,9189,9191,9193,9195,9197,9199,9201,9203,9205,9207,9209,9211],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9188,9153],{"class":61},[47,9190,256],{"class":125},[47,9192,21],{"class":129},[47,9194,256],{"class":125},[47,9196,2760],{"class":61},[47,9198,1242],{"class":65},[47,9200,69],{"class":61},[47,9202,265],{"class":125},[47,9204,139],{"class":129},[47,9206,256],{"class":125},[47,9208,2760],{"class":61},[47,9210,72],{"class":65},[47,9212,9184],{"class":61},[14,9214,1967,9215,9217],{},[44,9216,8998],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[32,9219,3550,9221,3553],{"id":9220},"what-dict-does",[44,9222,8998],{},[14,9224,9225,9227],{},[44,9226,8998],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9229,9230],{},"A dictionary:",[291,9232,9233,9236,9239],{},[294,9234,9235],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[294,9237,9238],{},"lets you look up values by key",[294,9240,9241],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9243,9244,9246],{},[44,9245,8998],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9248,9249],{},"Common uses include:",[291,9251,9252,9255,9258],{},[294,9253,9254],{},"making an empty dictionary",[294,9256,9257],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[294,9259,9260],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9262,9263,9264,30],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[21,9265,9267],{"href":9266},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[32,9269,2032],{"id":2031},[14,9271,9272,9274],{},[44,9273,8998],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[773,9276,9278],{"id":9277},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[37,9280,9282],{"className":39,"code":9281,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[44,9283,9284,9294],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9285,9286,9288,9290,9292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9287,392],{"class":53},[47,9289,58],{"class":57},[47,9291,9048],{"class":118},[47,9293,241],{"class":61},[47,9295,9296,9298,9300,9302],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9297,167],{"class":166},[47,9299,170],{"class":61},[47,9301,424],{"class":173},[47,9303,80],{"class":61},[14,9305,9306],{},[575,9307,215],{},[37,9309,9311],{"className":39,"code":9310,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{}\n",[44,9312,9313],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9314,9315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9316,9310],{"class":61},[773,9318,9320],{"id":9319},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[37,9322,9324],{"className":39,"code":9323,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[44,9325,9326,9360,9374],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9327,9328,9330,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342,9344,9346,9348,9350,9352,9354,9356,9358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9329,9092],{"class":53},[47,9331,58],{"class":57},[47,9333,9097],{"class":61},[47,9335,256],{"class":125},[47,9337,21],{"class":129},[47,9339,256],{"class":125},[47,9341,69],{"class":61},[47,9343,1242],{"class":65},[47,9345,954],{"class":61},[47,9347,62],{"class":61},[47,9349,256],{"class":125},[47,9351,139],{"class":129},[47,9353,256],{"class":125},[47,9355,69],{"class":61},[47,9357,72],{"class":65},[47,9359,9124],{"class":61},[47,9361,9362,9364,9366,9368,9370,9372],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9363,392],{"class":53},[47,9365,58],{"class":57},[47,9367,9048],{"class":118},[47,9369,170],{"class":61},[47,9371,9137],{"class":173},[47,9373,80],{"class":61},[47,9375,9376,9378,9380,9382],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,9377,167],{"class":166},[47,9379,170],{"class":61},[47,9381,424],{"class":173},[47,9383,80],{"class":61},[14,9385,9386],{},[575,9387,215],{},[37,9389,9391],{"className":39,"code":9390,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[44,9392,9393],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9394,9395,9397,9399,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411,9413,9415,9417,9419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9396,9153],{"class":61},[47,9398,256],{"class":125},[47,9400,21],{"class":129},[47,9402,256],{"class":125},[47,9404,2760],{"class":61},[47,9406,1242],{"class":65},[47,9408,69],{"class":61},[47,9410,265],{"class":125},[47,9412,139],{"class":129},[47,9414,256],{"class":125},[47,9416,2760],{"class":61},[47,9418,72],{"class":65},[47,9420,9184],{"class":61},[773,9422,9424],{"id":9423},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[37,9426,9428],{"className":39,"code":9427,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[44,9429,9430,9460],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9431,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452,9454,9456,9458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9433,392],{"class":53},[47,9435,58],{"class":57},[47,9437,9048],{"class":118},[47,9439,170],{"class":61},[47,9441,7542],{"class":9053},[47,9443,58],{"class":57},[47,9445,256],{"class":125},[47,9447,4879],{"class":129},[47,9449,256],{"class":125},[47,9451,69],{"class":61},[47,9453,9066],{"class":9053},[47,9455,58],{"class":57},[47,9457,9071],{"class":65},[47,9459,80],{"class":61},[47,9461,9462,9464,9466,9468],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9463,167],{"class":166},[47,9465,170],{"class":61},[47,9467,424],{"class":173},[47,9469,80],{"class":61},[14,9471,9472],{},[575,9473,215],{},[37,9475,9477],{"className":39,"code":9476,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[44,9478,9479],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9480,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9482,9153],{"class":61},[47,9484,256],{"class":125},[47,9486,7542],{"class":129},[47,9488,256],{"class":125},[47,9490,2760],{"class":61},[47,9492,265],{"class":125},[47,9494,4879],{"class":129},[47,9496,256],{"class":125},[47,9498,69],{"class":61},[47,9500,265],{"class":125},[47,9502,9174],{"class":129},[47,9504,256],{"class":125},[47,9506,2760],{"class":61},[47,9508,9181],{"class":65},[47,9510,9184],{"class":61},[773,9512,9514],{"id":9513},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9516,9517],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[37,9519,9521],{"className":39,"code":9520,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[44,9522,9523,9564],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9524,9525,9527,9529,9531,9534,9536,9538,9540,9542,9544,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9558,9560,9562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9526,392],{"class":53},[47,9528,58],{"class":57},[47,9530,9048],{"class":118},[47,9532,9533],{"class":61},"([(",[47,9535,256],{"class":125},[47,9537,21],{"class":129},[47,9539,256],{"class":125},[47,9541,69],{"class":61},[47,9543,1242],{"class":65},[47,9545,9546],{"class":61},")],",[47,9548,2435],{"class":9053},[47,9550,58],{"class":57},[47,9552,1931],{"class":65},[47,9554,69],{"class":61},[47,9556,9557],{"class":9053}," c",[47,9559,58],{"class":57},[47,9561,1937],{"class":65},[47,9563,80],{"class":61},[47,9565,9566,9568,9570,9572],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9567,167],{"class":166},[47,9569,170],{"class":61},[47,9571,424],{"class":173},[47,9573,80],{"class":61},[14,9575,9576],{},[575,9577,215],{},[37,9579,9581],{"className":39,"code":9580,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[44,9582,9583],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9584,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617,9619,9621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9586,9153],{"class":61},[47,9588,256],{"class":125},[47,9590,21],{"class":129},[47,9592,256],{"class":125},[47,9594,2760],{"class":61},[47,9596,1242],{"class":65},[47,9598,69],{"class":61},[47,9600,265],{"class":125},[47,9602,139],{"class":129},[47,9604,256],{"class":125},[47,9606,2760],{"class":61},[47,9608,72],{"class":65},[47,9610,69],{"class":61},[47,9612,265],{"class":125},[47,9614,148],{"class":129},[47,9616,256],{"class":125},[47,9618,2760],{"class":61},[47,9620,77],{"class":65},[47,9622,9184],{"class":61},[32,9624,9278],{"id":9625},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9627,1967,9628,9630],{},[44,9629,8998],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[37,9632,9634],{"className":39,"code":9633,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[44,9635,9636,9646,9660],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9637,9638,9640,9642,9644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9639,392],{"class":53},[47,9641,58],{"class":57},[47,9643,9048],{"class":118},[47,9645,241],{"class":61},[47,9647,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9649,167],{"class":166},[47,9651,170],{"class":61},[47,9653,499],{"class":118},[47,9655,170],{"class":61},[47,9657,424],{"class":173},[47,9659,506],{"class":61},[47,9661,9662,9664,9666,9668],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,9663,167],{"class":166},[47,9665,170],{"class":61},[47,9667,424],{"class":173},[47,9669,80],{"class":61},[14,9671,9672],{},[575,9673,215],{},[37,9675,9677],{"className":39,"code":9676,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[44,9678,9679,9693],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9680,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9682,522],{"class":57},[47,9684,526],{"class":525},[47,9686,265],{"class":125},[47,9688,8699],{"class":129},[47,9690,256],{"class":125},[47,9692,536],{"class":57},[47,9694,9695],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9696,9310],{"class":61},[14,9698,9699],{},"This gives the same result as:",[37,9701,9703],{"className":39,"code":9702,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {}\n",[44,9704,9705],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9706,9707,9709,9711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9708,392],{"class":53},[47,9710,58],{"class":57},[47,9712,9713],{"class":61}," {}\n",[14,9715,9716,9717,9719,9720,9723,9724,9726],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[44,9718,3665],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9721,9722],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[44,9725,8998],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[32,9728,9730],{"id":9729},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,9732,9733,9734,30],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[44,9735,8998],{},[37,9737,9739],{"className":39,"code":9738,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[44,9740,9741,9779,9793],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9742,9743,9745,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9744,9092],{"class":53},[47,9746,58],{"class":57},[47,9748,9097],{"class":61},[47,9750,256],{"class":125},[47,9752,7542],{"class":129},[47,9754,256],{"class":125},[47,9756,69],{"class":61},[47,9758,265],{"class":125},[47,9760,4879],{"class":129},[47,9762,256],{"class":125},[47,9764,954],{"class":61},[47,9766,62],{"class":61},[47,9768,256],{"class":125},[47,9770,9174],{"class":129},[47,9772,256],{"class":125},[47,9774,69],{"class":61},[47,9776,9181],{"class":65},[47,9778,9124],{"class":61},[47,9780,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9782,392],{"class":53},[47,9784,58],{"class":57},[47,9786,9048],{"class":118},[47,9788,170],{"class":61},[47,9790,9137],{"class":173},[47,9792,80],{"class":61},[47,9794,9795,9797,9799,9801],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,9796,167],{"class":166},[47,9798,170],{"class":61},[47,9800,424],{"class":173},[47,9802,80],{"class":61},[14,9804,9805],{},[575,9806,215],{},[37,9808,9809],{"className":39,"code":9476,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,9810,9811],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9812,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9814,9153],{"class":61},[47,9816,256],{"class":125},[47,9818,7542],{"class":129},[47,9820,256],{"class":125},[47,9822,2760],{"class":61},[47,9824,265],{"class":125},[47,9826,4879],{"class":129},[47,9828,256],{"class":125},[47,9830,69],{"class":61},[47,9832,265],{"class":125},[47,9834,9174],{"class":129},[47,9836,256],{"class":125},[47,9838,2760],{"class":61},[47,9840,9181],{"class":65},[47,9842,9184],{"class":61},[14,9844,9845],{},"Each pair becomes:",[291,9847,9848,9851],{},[294,9849,9850],{},"the first item as the key",[294,9852,9853],{},"the second item as the value",[14,9855,9856],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[37,9858,9860],{"className":39,"code":9859,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[44,9861,9862,9897,9911],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9863,9864,9866,9868,9871,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9865,9092],{"class":53},[47,9867,58],{"class":57},[47,9869,9870],{"class":61}," ((",[47,9872,256],{"class":125},[47,9874,21],{"class":129},[47,9876,256],{"class":125},[47,9878,69],{"class":61},[47,9880,1242],{"class":65},[47,9882,954],{"class":61},[47,9884,62],{"class":61},[47,9886,256],{"class":125},[47,9888,139],{"class":129},[47,9890,256],{"class":125},[47,9892,69],{"class":61},[47,9894,72],{"class":65},[47,9896,506],{"class":61},[47,9898,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9900,392],{"class":53},[47,9902,58],{"class":57},[47,9904,9048],{"class":118},[47,9906,170],{"class":61},[47,9908,9137],{"class":173},[47,9910,80],{"class":61},[47,9912,9913,9915,9917,9919],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,9914,167],{"class":166},[47,9916,170],{"class":61},[47,9918,424],{"class":173},[47,9920,80],{"class":61},[14,9922,9923],{},[575,9924,215],{},[37,9926,9927],{"className":39,"code":9390,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,9928,9929],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9930,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9932,9153],{"class":61},[47,9934,256],{"class":125},[47,9936,21],{"class":129},[47,9938,256],{"class":125},[47,9940,2760],{"class":61},[47,9942,1242],{"class":65},[47,9944,69],{"class":61},[47,9946,265],{"class":125},[47,9948,139],{"class":129},[47,9950,256],{"class":125},[47,9952,2760],{"class":61},[47,9954,72],{"class":65},[47,9956,9184],{"class":61},[14,9958,9959,9960,30],{},"Each item must contain ",[575,9961,9962],{},"exactly two elements",[14,9964,2712],{},[37,9966,9968],{"className":39,"code":9967,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[44,9969,9970,10010],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,9971,9972,9975,9977,9979,9981,9983,9985,9987,9989,9991,9994,9996,9998,10000,10002,10004,10006,10008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9973,9974],{"class":53},"bad_data ",[47,9976,58],{"class":57},[47,9978,9097],{"class":61},[47,9980,256],{"class":125},[47,9982,21],{"class":129},[47,9984,256],{"class":125},[47,9986,69],{"class":61},[47,9988,1242],{"class":65},[47,9990,69],{"class":61},[47,9992,9993],{"class":65}," 100",[47,9995,954],{"class":61},[47,9997,62],{"class":61},[47,9999,256],{"class":125},[47,10001,139],{"class":129},[47,10003,256],{"class":125},[47,10005,69],{"class":61},[47,10007,72],{"class":65},[47,10009,9124],{"class":61},[47,10011,10012,10014,10016,10018,10020,10023],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10013,2106],{"class":53},[47,10015,58],{"class":57},[47,10017,9048],{"class":118},[47,10019,170],{"class":61},[47,10021,10022],{"class":173},"bad_data",[47,10024,80],{"class":61},[14,10026,10027,10028,10031],{},"Python raises an error because ",[44,10029,10030],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10033,10034],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[37,10036,10038],{"className":39,"code":10037,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[44,10039,10040,10089,10103],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10041,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085,10087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10043,9092],{"class":53},[47,10045,58],{"class":57},[47,10047,9097],{"class":61},[47,10049,256],{"class":125},[47,10051,21],{"class":129},[47,10053,256],{"class":125},[47,10055,69],{"class":61},[47,10057,1242],{"class":65},[47,10059,954],{"class":61},[47,10061,62],{"class":61},[47,10063,256],{"class":125},[47,10065,21],{"class":129},[47,10067,256],{"class":125},[47,10069,69],{"class":61},[47,10071,10072],{"class":65}," 99",[47,10074,954],{"class":61},[47,10076,62],{"class":61},[47,10078,256],{"class":125},[47,10080,139],{"class":129},[47,10082,256],{"class":125},[47,10084,69],{"class":61},[47,10086,72],{"class":65},[47,10088,9124],{"class":61},[47,10090,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10092,392],{"class":53},[47,10094,58],{"class":57},[47,10096,9048],{"class":118},[47,10098,170],{"class":61},[47,10100,9137],{"class":173},[47,10102,80],{"class":61},[47,10104,10105,10107,10109,10111],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,10106,167],{"class":166},[47,10108,170],{"class":61},[47,10110,424],{"class":173},[47,10112,80],{"class":61},[14,10114,10115],{},[575,10116,215],{},[37,10118,10120],{"className":39,"code":10119,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[44,10121,10122],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10123,10124,10126,10128,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10125,9153],{"class":61},[47,10127,256],{"class":125},[47,10129,21],{"class":129},[47,10131,256],{"class":125},[47,10133,2760],{"class":61},[47,10135,10072],{"class":65},[47,10137,69],{"class":61},[47,10139,265],{"class":125},[47,10141,139],{"class":129},[47,10143,256],{"class":125},[47,10145,2760],{"class":61},[47,10147,72],{"class":65},[47,10149,9184],{"class":61},[32,10151,10153],{"id":10152},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10155,10156],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[37,10158,10159],{"className":39,"code":9427,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,10160,10161,10191],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10162,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10164,392],{"class":53},[47,10166,58],{"class":57},[47,10168,9048],{"class":118},[47,10170,170],{"class":61},[47,10172,7542],{"class":9053},[47,10174,58],{"class":57},[47,10176,256],{"class":125},[47,10178,4879],{"class":129},[47,10180,256],{"class":125},[47,10182,69],{"class":61},[47,10184,9066],{"class":9053},[47,10186,58],{"class":57},[47,10188,9071],{"class":65},[47,10190,80],{"class":61},[47,10192,10193,10195,10197,10199],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10194,167],{"class":166},[47,10196,170],{"class":61},[47,10198,424],{"class":173},[47,10200,80],{"class":61},[14,10202,10203],{},[575,10204,215],{},[37,10206,10207],{"className":39,"code":9476,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,10208,10209],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10210,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10212,9153],{"class":61},[47,10214,256],{"class":125},[47,10216,7542],{"class":129},[47,10218,256],{"class":125},[47,10220,2760],{"class":61},[47,10222,265],{"class":125},[47,10224,4879],{"class":129},[47,10226,256],{"class":125},[47,10228,69],{"class":61},[47,10230,265],{"class":125},[47,10232,9174],{"class":129},[47,10234,256],{"class":125},[47,10236,2760],{"class":61},[47,10238,9181],{"class":65},[47,10240,9184],{"class":61},[14,10242,10243],{},"In this form:",[291,10245,10246,10254],{},[294,10247,10248,10250,10251],{},[44,10249,7542],{}," becomes the string key ",[44,10252,10253],{},"'name'",[294,10255,10256,10250,10258],{},[44,10257,9174],{},[44,10259,10260],{},"'age'",[14,10262,10263],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10265,10266],{},"Valid examples:",[37,10268,10270],{"className":39,"code":10269,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[44,10271,10272,10310],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10273,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10285,10287,10289,10292,10294,10296,10299,10301,10303,10306,10308],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10275,392],{"class":53},[47,10277,58],{"class":57},[47,10279,9048],{"class":118},[47,10281,170],{"class":61},[47,10283,10284],{"class":9053},"city",[47,10286,58],{"class":57},[47,10288,256],{"class":125},[47,10290,10291],{"class":129},"Paris",[47,10293,256],{"class":125},[47,10295,69],{"class":61},[47,10297,10298],{"class":9053}," country",[47,10300,58],{"class":57},[47,10302,256],{"class":125},[47,10304,10305],{"class":129},"France",[47,10307,256],{"class":125},[47,10309,80],{"class":61},[47,10311,10312,10314,10316,10318],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10313,167],{"class":166},[47,10315,170],{"class":61},[47,10317,424],{"class":173},[47,10319,80],{"class":61},[14,10321,10322],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[291,10324,10325,10328,10331],{},[294,10326,10327],{},"spaces",[294,10329,10330],{},"hyphens",[294,10332,10333],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10335,10336,10337,10340],{},"For example, this is ",[575,10338,10339],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[37,10342,10344],{"className":39,"code":10343,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[44,10345,10346],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10347,10348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10349,10343],{"class":1494},[14,10351,10352],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[37,10354,10356],{"className":39,"code":10355,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[44,10357,10358,10401],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10359,10360,10362,10364,10367,10369,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10389,10391,10393,10395,10397,10399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10361,392],{"class":53},[47,10363,58],{"class":57},[47,10365,10366],{"class":61}," {",[47,10368,256],{"class":125},[47,10370,10371],{"class":129},"first-name",[47,10373,256],{"class":125},[47,10375,2760],{"class":61},[47,10377,265],{"class":125},[47,10379,7551],{"class":129},[47,10381,256],{"class":125},[47,10383,69],{"class":61},[47,10385,265],{"class":125},[47,10387,10388],{"class":129},"first name",[47,10390,256],{"class":125},[47,10392,2760],{"class":61},[47,10394,265],{"class":125},[47,10396,7551],{"class":129},[47,10398,256],{"class":125},[47,10400,9184],{"class":61},[47,10402,10403,10405,10407,10409],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10404,167],{"class":166},[47,10406,170],{"class":61},[47,10408,424],{"class":173},[47,10410,80],{"class":61},[14,10412,10413],{},[575,10414,215],{},[37,10416,10418],{"className":39,"code":10417,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[44,10419,10420],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10421,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10423,9153],{"class":61},[47,10425,256],{"class":125},[47,10427,10371],{"class":129},[47,10429,256],{"class":125},[47,10431,2760],{"class":61},[47,10433,265],{"class":125},[47,10435,7551],{"class":129},[47,10437,256],{"class":125},[47,10439,69],{"class":61},[47,10441,265],{"class":125},[47,10443,10388],{"class":129},[47,10445,256],{"class":125},[47,10447,2760],{"class":61},[47,10449,265],{"class":125},[47,10451,7551],{"class":129},[47,10453,256],{"class":125},[47,10455,9184],{"class":61},[32,10457,10459,10461,10462],{"id":10458},"dict-vs",[44,10460,8998],{}," vs ",[44,10463,3665],{},[14,10465,10466,10467,4267,10469,10471],{},"Both ",[44,10468,8998],{},[44,10470,3665],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[773,10473,1967,10475,10477],{"id":10474},"use-when",[44,10476,3665],{}," when:",[291,10479,10480,10483],{},[294,10481,10482],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[294,10484,10485],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[37,10487,10488],{"className":39,"code":9702,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,10489,10490],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10491,10492,10494,10496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10493,392],{"class":53},[47,10495,58],{"class":57},[47,10497,9713],{"class":61},[773,10499,1967,10501,10477],{"id":10500},"use-dict-when",[44,10502,8998],{},[291,10504,10505,10508,10511],{},[294,10506,10507],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[294,10509,10510],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[294,10512,10513],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[37,10515,10517],{"className":39,"code":10516,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[44,10518,10519,10556],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10520,10521,10523,10525,10527,10529,10531,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10522,392],{"class":53},[47,10524,58],{"class":57},[47,10526,9048],{"class":118},[47,10528,9533],{"class":61},[47,10530,256],{"class":125},[47,10532,21],{"class":129},[47,10534,256],{"class":125},[47,10536,69],{"class":61},[47,10538,1242],{"class":65},[47,10540,954],{"class":61},[47,10542,62],{"class":61},[47,10544,256],{"class":125},[47,10546,139],{"class":129},[47,10548,256],{"class":125},[47,10550,69],{"class":61},[47,10552,72],{"class":65},[47,10554,10555],{"class":61},")])\n",[47,10557,10558,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10559,10560],{"class":53},"info ",[47,10562,58],{"class":57},[47,10564,9048],{"class":118},[47,10566,170],{"class":61},[47,10568,7542],{"class":9053},[47,10570,58],{"class":57},[47,10572,256],{"class":125},[47,10574,4879],{"class":129},[47,10576,256],{"class":125},[47,10578,69],{"class":61},[47,10580,9066],{"class":9053},[47,10582,58],{"class":57},[47,10584,9071],{"class":65},[47,10586,80],{"class":61},[14,10588,10589],{},"So:",[291,10591,10592,10597],{},[294,10593,10594,10596],{},[44,10595,3665],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[294,10598,10599,10601],{},[44,10600,8998],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10603,10604,10605,10609,10610,30],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[21,10606,10608],{"href":10607},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[21,10611,10613,10614,10617],{"href":10612},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[44,10615,10616],{},"get()"," method",[32,10619,10621],{"id":10620},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10623,10624,10625,30],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[44,10626,8998],{},[773,10628,10630],{"id":10629},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10632,4400],{},[37,10634,10636],{"className":39,"code":10635,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[44,10637,10638,10662],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10639,10640,10642,10644,10646,10648,10650,10652,10654,10656,10658,10660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10641,7654],{"class":53},[47,10643,58],{"class":57},[47,10645,957],{"class":61},[47,10647,256],{"class":125},[47,10649,21],{"class":129},[47,10651,256],{"class":125},[47,10653,69],{"class":61},[47,10655,265],{"class":125},[47,10657,139],{"class":129},[47,10659,256],{"class":125},[47,10661,1402],{"class":61},[47,10663,10664,10666,10668,10670,10672,10674],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10665,392],{"class":53},[47,10667,58],{"class":57},[47,10669,9048],{"class":118},[47,10671,170],{"class":61},[47,10673,7684],{"class":173},[47,10675,80],{"class":61},[14,10677,10678,10679,30],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[44,10680,10681],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10683,10684],{},"Correct version:",[37,10686,10688],{"className":39,"code":10687,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[44,10689,10690,10724,10738],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10691,10692,10694,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706,10708,10710,10712,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10693,7654],{"class":53},[47,10695,58],{"class":57},[47,10697,9097],{"class":61},[47,10699,256],{"class":125},[47,10701,21],{"class":129},[47,10703,256],{"class":125},[47,10705,69],{"class":61},[47,10707,1242],{"class":65},[47,10709,954],{"class":61},[47,10711,62],{"class":61},[47,10713,256],{"class":125},[47,10715,139],{"class":129},[47,10717,256],{"class":125},[47,10719,69],{"class":61},[47,10721,72],{"class":65},[47,10723,9124],{"class":61},[47,10725,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10727,392],{"class":53},[47,10729,58],{"class":57},[47,10731,9048],{"class":118},[47,10733,170],{"class":61},[47,10735,7684],{"class":173},[47,10737,80],{"class":61},[47,10739,10740,10742,10744,10746],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,10741,167],{"class":166},[47,10743,170],{"class":61},[47,10745,424],{"class":173},[47,10747,80],{"class":61},[773,10749,10751],{"id":10750},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,10753,10754],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[37,10756,10758],{"className":39,"code":10757,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[44,10759,10760],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10761,10762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10763,10757],{"class":1494},[14,10765,10766,10767,2760],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[44,10768,58],{},[37,10770,10772],{"className":39,"code":10771,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[44,10773,10774,10796],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10775,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784,10786,10788,10790,10792,10794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10777,392],{"class":53},[47,10779,58],{"class":57},[47,10781,9048],{"class":118},[47,10783,170],{"class":61},[47,10785,7542],{"class":9053},[47,10787,58],{"class":57},[47,10789,256],{"class":125},[47,10791,4879],{"class":129},[47,10793,256],{"class":125},[47,10795,80],{"class":61},[47,10797,10798,10800,10802,10804],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10799,167],{"class":166},[47,10801,170],{"class":61},[47,10803,424],{"class":173},[47,10805,80],{"class":61},[773,10807,10809],{"id":10808},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,10811,10812],{},"This will not work:",[37,10814,10815],{"className":39,"code":10343,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,10816,10817],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10818,10819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10820,10343],{"class":1494},[14,10822,10823],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[37,10825,10827],{"className":39,"code":10826,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[44,10828,10829,10853],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10830,10831,10833,10835,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847,10849,10851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10832,392],{"class":53},[47,10834,58],{"class":57},[47,10836,10366],{"class":61},[47,10838,256],{"class":125},[47,10840,10371],{"class":129},[47,10842,256],{"class":125},[47,10844,2760],{"class":61},[47,10846,265],{"class":125},[47,10848,7551],{"class":129},[47,10850,256],{"class":125},[47,10852,9184],{"class":61},[47,10854,10855,10857,10859,10861],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10856,167],{"class":166},[47,10858,170],{"class":61},[47,10860,424],{"class":173},[47,10862,80],{"class":61},[773,10864,10866],{"id":10865},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,10868,10869],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[37,10871,10873],{"className":39,"code":10872,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[44,10874,10875,10911],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10876,10877,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905,10907,10909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10878,392],{"class":53},[47,10880,58],{"class":57},[47,10882,9048],{"class":118},[47,10884,9533],{"class":61},[47,10886,256],{"class":125},[47,10888,2049],{"class":129},[47,10890,256],{"class":125},[47,10892,69],{"class":61},[47,10894,1242],{"class":65},[47,10896,954],{"class":61},[47,10898,62],{"class":61},[47,10900,256],{"class":125},[47,10902,2049],{"class":129},[47,10904,256],{"class":125},[47,10906,69],{"class":61},[47,10908,72],{"class":65},[47,10910,10555],{"class":61},[47,10912,10913,10915,10917,10919],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10914,167],{"class":166},[47,10916,170],{"class":61},[47,10918,424],{"class":173},[47,10920,80],{"class":61},[14,10922,10923],{},[575,10924,215],{},[37,10926,10928],{"className":39,"code":10927,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'x': 2}\n",[44,10929,10930],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10931,10932,10934,10936,10938,10940,10942,10944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10933,9153],{"class":61},[47,10935,256],{"class":125},[47,10937,2049],{"class":129},[47,10939,256],{"class":125},[47,10941,2760],{"class":61},[47,10943,72],{"class":65},[47,10945,9184],{"class":61},[14,10947,10948,10949,30],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[21,10950,10952],{"href":10951},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[32,10954,1284],{"id":1283},[14,10956,10957,10958,10960],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[44,10959,8998],{}," include:",[291,10962,10963,10973,10979,10982],{},[294,10964,10965,10966,10969,10970],{},"passing a list like ",[44,10967,10968],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[44,10971,10972],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[294,10974,10975,10976],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[44,10977,10978],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[294,10980,10981],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[294,10983,10984,10985,10987],{},"confusing ",[44,10986,8998],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,10989,10990],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[37,10992,10994],{"className":39,"code":10993,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[44,10995,10996,11010,11020,11031],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,10997,10998,11000,11002,11004,11006,11008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10999,167],{"class":166},[47,11001,170],{"class":61},[47,11003,499],{"class":118},[47,11005,170],{"class":61},[47,11007,424],{"class":173},[47,11009,506],{"class":61},[47,11011,11012,11014,11016,11018],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11013,167],{"class":166},[47,11015,170],{"class":61},[47,11017,424],{"class":173},[47,11019,80],{"class":61},[47,11021,11022,11024,11026,11029],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11023,167],{"class":166},[47,11025,170],{"class":61},[47,11027,11028],{"class":173},"list_of_pairs",[47,11030,80],{"class":61},[47,11032,11033,11035,11037,11039,11041,11043],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,11034,167],{"class":166},[47,11036,170],{"class":61},[47,11038,1698],{"class":166},[47,11040,170],{"class":61},[47,11042,11028],{"class":173},[47,11044,506],{"class":61},[14,11046,11047],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[291,11049,11050,11053,11056],{},[294,11051,11052],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[294,11054,11055],{},"what data is being passed in",[294,11057,11058],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[32,11060,1708],{"id":1707},[773,11062,5054,11064,4267,11066,2368],{"id":11063},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[44,11065,8998],{},[44,11067,3665],{},[14,11069,11070,11072,11073,11075],{},[44,11071,3665],{}," is the short literal form. ",[44,11074,8998],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[773,11077,5044,11079,11081],{"id":11078},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[44,11080,8998],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11083,11084,11085,30],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[44,11086,10972],{},[773,11088,5032,11090,11093],{"id":11089},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[44,11091,11092],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11095,11096],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[773,11098,11100,11101,11103],{"id":11099},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[44,11102,8998],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11105,11106,11107,11110],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[44,11108,11109],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[32,11112,1758],{"id":1757},[291,11114,11115,11120,11124,11129,11135],{},[294,11116,11117],{},[21,11118,11119],{"href":9266},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[294,11121,11122],{},[21,11123,9034],{"href":9033},[294,11125,11126],{},[21,11127,11128],{"href":10607},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[294,11130,11131],{},[21,11132,10613,11133,10617],{"href":10612},[44,11134,10616],{},[294,11136,11137],{},[21,11138,11139],{"href":10951},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1796,11141,11142],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":11144},[11145,11147,11153,11154,11155,11156,11163,11169,11170,11180],{"id":9220,"depth":83,"text":11146},"What dict() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032,"children":11148},[11149,11150,11151,11152],{"id":9277,"depth":94,"text":9278},{"id":9319,"depth":94,"text":9320},{"id":9423,"depth":94,"text":9424},{"id":9513,"depth":94,"text":9514},{"id":9625,"depth":83,"text":9278},{"id":9729,"depth":83,"text":9730},{"id":10152,"depth":83,"text":10153},{"id":10458,"depth":83,"text":11157,"children":11158},"dict() vs {}",[11159,11161],{"id":10474,"depth":94,"text":11160},"Use {} when:",{"id":10500,"depth":94,"text":11162},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10620,"depth":83,"text":10621,"children":11164},[11165,11166,11167,11168],{"id":10629,"depth":94,"text":10630},{"id":10750,"depth":94,"text":10751},{"id":10808,"depth":94,"text":10809},{"id":10865,"depth":94,"text":10866},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":11171},[11172,11174,11176,11178],{"id":11063,"depth":94,"text":11173},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11078,"depth":94,"text":11175},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11089,"depth":94,"text":11177},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11099,"depth":94,"text":11179},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8990,"description":11181},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11188,"title":11189,"body":11190,"description":12701,"extension":1837,"meta":12702,"navigation":159,"path":12703,"seo":12704,"stem":12705,"__hash__":12706},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11191,"toc":12670},[11192,11200,11206,11213,11215,11276,11281,11286,11291,11309,11312,11316,11318,11334,11337,11350,11354,11357,11491,11493,11560,11563,11579,11585,11591,11594,11676,11678,11692,11696,11702,11767,11769,11777,11780,11803,11809,11872,11878,11881,11895,11908,11912,11923,11928,11939,11946,11950,11956,12078,12080,12106,12109,12126,12129,12240,12242,12291,12293,12306,12315,12320,12325,12336,12338,12441,12464,12466,12470,12489,12492,12550,12553,12579,12581,12588,12591,12596,12600,12607,12615,12621,12624,12626,12667],[10,11193,11195,11196,11199],{"id":11194},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[44,11197,11198],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11201,11202,11205],{},[44,11203,11204],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11207,11208,11209,11212],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[575,11210,11211],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[32,11214,35],{"id":34},[37,11216,11218],{"className":39,"code":11217,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[44,11219,11220,11252,11263],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,11221,11222,11224,11226,11228,11230,11232,11234,11236,11238,11240,11242,11244,11246,11248,11250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11223,392],{"class":53},[47,11225,58],{"class":57},[47,11227,10366],{"class":61},[47,11229,126],{"class":125},[47,11231,21],{"class":129},[47,11233,126],{"class":125},[47,11235,2760],{"class":61},[47,11237,1242],{"class":65},[47,11239,69],{"class":61},[47,11241,136],{"class":125},[47,11243,139],{"class":129},[47,11245,126],{"class":125},[47,11247,2760],{"class":61},[47,11249,72],{"class":65},[47,11251,9184],{"class":61},[47,11253,11254,11256,11258,11261],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11255,424],{"class":53},[47,11257,30],{"class":61},[47,11259,11260],{"class":173},"clear",[47,11262,241],{"class":61},[47,11264,11265,11267,11269,11271,11273],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11266,167],{"class":166},[47,11268,170],{"class":61},[47,11270,424],{"class":173},[47,11272,3533],{"class":61},[47,11274,11275],{"class":1494},"  # {}\n",[14,11277,11278,11280],{},[44,11279,11198],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[32,11282,3550,11284,3553],{"id":11283},"what-clear-does",[44,11285,11198],{},[14,11287,1854,11288,11290],{},[44,11289,11198],{}," method:",[291,11292,11293,11296,11299,11304],{},[294,11294,11295],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[294,11297,11298],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[294,11300,11301,11302],{},"Returns ",[44,11303,3652],{},[294,11305,11306,11307],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[44,11308,3665],{},[14,11310,11311],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11313,9030,11314,30],{},[21,11315,9034],{"href":9033},[32,11317,2032],{"id":2031},[37,11319,11321],{"className":39,"code":11320,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict.clear()\n",[44,11322,11323],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,11324,11325,11328,11330,11332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11326,11327],{"class":53},"my_dict",[47,11329,30],{"class":61},[47,11331,11260],{"class":173},[47,11333,241],{"class":61},[14,11335,11336],{},"Important points:",[291,11338,11339,11344,11347],{},[294,11340,11341,11343],{},[44,11342,11198],{}," takes no arguments",[294,11345,11346],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[294,11348,11349],{},"It empties that dictionary",[32,11351,11353],{"id":11352},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11355,11356],{},"Here is a basic example:",[37,11358,11360],{"className":39,"code":11359,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[44,11361,11362,11372,11393,11407,11424,11428,11432,11452,11456,11467,11471],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,11363,11364,11367,11369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11365,11366],{"class":53},"user ",[47,11368,58],{"class":57},[47,11370,11371],{"class":61}," {\n",[47,11373,11374,11377,11379,11381,11383,11385,11388,11390],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11375,11376],{"class":125},"    \"",[47,11378,7542],{"class":129},[47,11380,126],{"class":125},[47,11382,2760],{"class":61},[47,11384,136],{"class":125},[47,11386,11387],{"class":129},"Maya",[47,11389,126],{"class":125},[47,11391,11392],{"class":61},",\n",[47,11394,11395,11397,11399,11401,11403,11405],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11396,11376],{"class":125},[47,11398,9174],{"class":129},[47,11400,126],{"class":125},[47,11402,2760],{"class":61},[47,11404,9181],{"class":65},[47,11406,11392],{"class":61},[47,11408,11409,11411,11413,11415,11417,11419,11422],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,11410,11376],{"class":125},[47,11412,10284],{"class":129},[47,11414,126],{"class":125},[47,11416,2760],{"class":61},[47,11418,136],{"class":125},[47,11420,11421],{"class":129},"Berlin",[47,11423,3230],{"class":125},[47,11425,11426],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,11427,9184],{"class":61},[47,11429,11430],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,11431,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,11433,11434,11436,11438,11440,11443,11445,11447,11450],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,11435,167],{"class":166},[47,11437,170],{"class":61},[47,11439,126],{"class":125},[47,11441,11442],{"class":129},"Before:",[47,11444,126],{"class":125},[47,11446,69],{"class":61},[47,11448,11449],{"class":173}," user",[47,11451,80],{"class":61},[47,11453,11454],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,11455,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,11457,11458,11461,11463,11465],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,11459,11460],{"class":53},"user",[47,11462,30],{"class":61},[47,11464,11260],{"class":173},[47,11466,241],{"class":61},[47,11468,11469],{"class":49,"line":6309},[47,11470,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,11472,11474,11476,11478,11480,11483,11485,11487,11489],{"class":49,"line":11473},11,[47,11475,167],{"class":166},[47,11477,170],{"class":61},[47,11479,126],{"class":125},[47,11481,11482],{"class":129},"After:",[47,11484,126],{"class":125},[47,11486,69],{"class":61},[47,11488,11449],{"class":173},[47,11490,80],{"class":61},[14,11492,5433],{},[37,11494,11496],{"className":39,"code":11495,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[44,11497,11498,11551],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,11499,11500,11503,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513,11515,11517,11519,11521,11523,11525,11527,11529,11531,11533,11535,11537,11539,11541,11543,11545,11547,11549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11501,11502],{"class":53},"Before",[47,11504,2760],{"class":61},[47,11506,10366],{"class":61},[47,11508,256],{"class":125},[47,11510,7542],{"class":129},[47,11512,256],{"class":125},[47,11514,2760],{"class":61},[47,11516,265],{"class":125},[47,11518,11387],{"class":129},[47,11520,256],{"class":125},[47,11522,69],{"class":61},[47,11524,265],{"class":125},[47,11526,9174],{"class":129},[47,11528,256],{"class":125},[47,11530,2760],{"class":61},[47,11532,9181],{"class":65},[47,11534,69],{"class":61},[47,11536,265],{"class":125},[47,11538,10284],{"class":129},[47,11540,256],{"class":125},[47,11542,2760],{"class":61},[47,11544,265],{"class":125},[47,11546,11421],{"class":129},[47,11548,256],{"class":125},[47,11550,9184],{"class":61},[47,11552,11553,11556,11558],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11554,11555],{"class":53},"After",[47,11557,2760],{"class":61},[47,11559,9713],{"class":61},[14,11561,11562],{},"What happens here:",[291,11564,11565,11570,11576],{},[294,11566,11567,11569],{},[44,11568,11460],{}," starts with three items",[294,11571,11572,11575],{},[44,11573,11574],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[294,11577,11578],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[32,11580,3550,11582,11584],{"id":11581},"what-clear-returns",[44,11583,11198],{}," returns",[14,11586,11587,2274,11589,30],{},[44,11588,11198],{},[44,11590,3652],{},[14,11592,11593],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[37,11595,11597],{"className":39,"code":11596,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[44,11598,11599,11633,11637,11652,11656,11666],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,11600,11601,11604,11606,11608,11610,11612,11614,11616,11618,11620,11622,11625,11627,11629,11631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11602,11603],{"class":53},"my_dict ",[47,11605,58],{"class":57},[47,11607,10366],{"class":61},[47,11609,126],{"class":125},[47,11611,2049],{"class":129},[47,11613,126],{"class":125},[47,11615,2760],{"class":61},[47,11617,1242],{"class":65},[47,11619,69],{"class":61},[47,11621,136],{"class":125},[47,11623,11624],{"class":129},"y",[47,11626,126],{"class":125},[47,11628,2760],{"class":61},[47,11630,72],{"class":65},[47,11632,9184],{"class":61},[47,11634,11635],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11636,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,11638,11639,11641,11643,11646,11648,11650],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11640,2106],{"class":53},[47,11642,58],{"class":57},[47,11644,11645],{"class":53}," my_dict",[47,11647,30],{"class":61},[47,11649,11260],{"class":173},[47,11651,241],{"class":61},[47,11653,11654],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,11655,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,11657,11658,11660,11662,11664],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,11659,167],{"class":166},[47,11661,170],{"class":61},[47,11663,2141],{"class":173},[47,11665,80],{"class":61},[47,11667,11668,11670,11672,11674],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,11669,167],{"class":166},[47,11671,170],{"class":61},[47,11673,11327],{"class":173},[47,11675,80],{"class":61},[14,11677,215],{},[37,11679,11681],{"className":39,"code":11680,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\n{}\n",[44,11682,11683,11688],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,11684,11685],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11686,11687],{"class":412},"None\n",[47,11689,11690],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11691,9310],{"class":61},[773,11693,11695],{"id":11694},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11697,11698,11699,11701],{},"Do ",[575,11700,577],{}," do this:",[37,11703,11705],{"className":39,"code":11704,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[44,11706,11707,11739,11753,11757],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,11708,11709,11711,11713,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729,11731,11733,11735,11737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11710,11603],{"class":53},[47,11712,58],{"class":57},[47,11714,10366],{"class":61},[47,11716,126],{"class":125},[47,11718,2049],{"class":129},[47,11720,126],{"class":125},[47,11722,2760],{"class":61},[47,11724,1242],{"class":65},[47,11726,69],{"class":61},[47,11728,136],{"class":125},[47,11730,11624],{"class":129},[47,11732,126],{"class":125},[47,11734,2760],{"class":61},[47,11736,72],{"class":65},[47,11738,9184],{"class":61},[47,11740,11741,11743,11745,11747,11749,11751],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11742,11603],{"class":53},[47,11744,58],{"class":57},[47,11746,11645],{"class":53},[47,11748,30],{"class":61},[47,11750,11260],{"class":173},[47,11752,241],{"class":61},[47,11754,11755],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11756,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,11758,11759,11761,11763,11765],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,11760,167],{"class":166},[47,11762,170],{"class":61},[47,11764,11327],{"class":173},[47,11766,80],{"class":61},[14,11768,215],{},[37,11770,11771],{"className":39,"code":11687,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,11772,11773],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,11774,11775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11776,11687],{"class":412},[14,11778,11779],{},"Why this happens:",[291,11781,11782,11788,11793],{},[294,11783,11784,11787],{},[44,11785,11786],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[294,11789,11790,11791],{},"The method returns ",[44,11792,3652],{},[294,11794,11795,11796,11799,11800,11802],{},"Then ",[44,11797,11798],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[44,11801,3652],{}," in the variable",[14,11804,11805,11806,11808],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[44,11807,11198],{}," by itself:",[37,11810,11812],{"className":39,"code":11811,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[44,11813,11814,11846,11856,11860],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,11815,11816,11818,11820,11822,11824,11826,11828,11830,11832,11834,11836,11838,11840,11842,11844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11817,11603],{"class":53},[47,11819,58],{"class":57},[47,11821,10366],{"class":61},[47,11823,126],{"class":125},[47,11825,2049],{"class":129},[47,11827,126],{"class":125},[47,11829,2760],{"class":61},[47,11831,1242],{"class":65},[47,11833,69],{"class":61},[47,11835,136],{"class":125},[47,11837,11624],{"class":129},[47,11839,126],{"class":125},[47,11841,2760],{"class":61},[47,11843,72],{"class":65},[47,11845,9184],{"class":61},[47,11847,11848,11850,11852,11854],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11849,11327],{"class":53},[47,11851,30],{"class":61},[47,11853,11260],{"class":173},[47,11855,241],{"class":61},[47,11857,11858],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11859,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,11861,11862,11864,11866,11868,11870],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,11863,167],{"class":166},[47,11865,170],{"class":61},[47,11867,11327],{"class":173},[47,11869,3533],{"class":61},[47,11871,11275],{"class":1494},[32,11873,11875,11877],{"id":11874},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[44,11876,11198],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,11879,11880],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[37,11882,11883],{"className":39,"code":11320,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,11884,11885],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,11886,11887,11889,11891,11893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11888,11327],{"class":53},[47,11890,30],{"class":61},[47,11892,11260],{"class":173},[47,11894,241],{"class":61},[37,11896,11898],{"className":39,"code":11897,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {}\n",[44,11899,11900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,11901,11902,11904,11906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11903,11603],{"class":53},[47,11905,58],{"class":57},[47,11907,9713],{"class":61},[773,11909,11910],{"id":11260},[44,11911,11198],{},[291,11913,11914,11917,11920],{},[294,11915,11916],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[294,11918,11919],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[294,11921,11922],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[773,11924,11925],{"id":11327},[44,11926,11927],{},"my_dict = {}",[291,11929,11930,11933,11936],{},[294,11931,11932],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[294,11934,11935],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[294,11937,11938],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,11940,11941,11942,30],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[21,11943,11945],{"href":11944},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[32,11947,11949],{"id":11948},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,11951,11952,11953,11955],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[44,11954,11198],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[37,11957,11959],{"className":39,"code":11958,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[44,11960,11961,11994,12004,12008,12019,12023,12043,12063],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,11962,11963,11966,11968,11970,11972,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990,11992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11964,11965],{"class":53},"original ",[47,11967,58],{"class":57},[47,11969,10366],{"class":61},[47,11971,126],{"class":125},[47,11973,21],{"class":129},[47,11975,126],{"class":125},[47,11977,2760],{"class":61},[47,11979,1242],{"class":65},[47,11981,69],{"class":61},[47,11983,136],{"class":125},[47,11985,139],{"class":129},[47,11987,126],{"class":125},[47,11989,2760],{"class":61},[47,11991,72],{"class":65},[47,11993,9184],{"class":61},[47,11995,11996,11999,12001],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11997,11998],{"class":53},"other_ref ",[47,12000,58],{"class":57},[47,12002,12003],{"class":53}," original\n",[47,12005,12006],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,12007,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,12009,12010,12013,12015,12017],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,12011,12012],{"class":53},"original",[47,12014,30],{"class":61},[47,12016,11260],{"class":173},[47,12018,241],{"class":61},[47,12020,12021],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,12022,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,12024,12025,12027,12029,12031,12034,12036,12038,12041],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,12026,167],{"class":166},[47,12028,170],{"class":61},[47,12030,126],{"class":125},[47,12032,12033],{"class":129},"original:",[47,12035,126],{"class":125},[47,12037,69],{"class":61},[47,12039,12040],{"class":173}," original",[47,12042,80],{"class":61},[47,12044,12045,12047,12049,12051,12054,12056,12058,12061],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,12046,167],{"class":166},[47,12048,170],{"class":61},[47,12050,126],{"class":125},[47,12052,12053],{"class":129},"other_ref:",[47,12055,126],{"class":125},[47,12057,69],{"class":61},[47,12059,12060],{"class":173}," other_ref",[47,12062,80],{"class":61},[47,12064,12065,12067,12069,12071,12074,12076],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,12066,167],{"class":166},[47,12068,170],{"class":61},[47,12070,11965],{"class":173},[47,12072,12073],{"class":3749},"is",[47,12075,12060],{"class":173},[47,12077,80],{"class":61},[14,12079,215],{},[37,12081,12083],{"className":39,"code":12082,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[44,12084,12085,12093,12102],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,12086,12087,12089,12091],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12088,12012],{"class":53},[47,12090,2760],{"class":61},[47,12092,9713],{"class":61},[47,12094,12095,12098,12100],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12096,12097],{"class":53},"other_ref",[47,12099,2760],{"class":61},[47,12101,9713],{"class":61},[47,12103,12104],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,12105,3852],{"class":412},[14,12107,12108],{},"This shows:",[291,12110,12111,12118,12123],{},[294,12112,12113,4267,12115,12117],{},[44,12114,12012],{},[44,12116,12097],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[294,12119,12120,12122],{},[44,12121,11198],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[294,12124,12125],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12127,12128],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[37,12130,12132],{"className":39,"code":12131,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[44,12133,12134,12166,12174,12178,12186,12190,12208,12226],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,12135,12136,12138,12140,12142,12144,12146,12148,12150,12152,12154,12156,12158,12160,12162,12164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12137,11965],{"class":53},[47,12139,58],{"class":57},[47,12141,10366],{"class":61},[47,12143,126],{"class":125},[47,12145,21],{"class":129},[47,12147,126],{"class":125},[47,12149,2760],{"class":61},[47,12151,1242],{"class":65},[47,12153,69],{"class":61},[47,12155,136],{"class":125},[47,12157,139],{"class":129},[47,12159,126],{"class":125},[47,12161,2760],{"class":61},[47,12163,72],{"class":65},[47,12165,9184],{"class":61},[47,12167,12168,12170,12172],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12169,11998],{"class":53},[47,12171,58],{"class":57},[47,12173,12003],{"class":53},[47,12175,12176],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,12177,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,12179,12180,12182,12184],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,12181,11965],{"class":53},[47,12183,58],{"class":57},[47,12185,9713],{"class":61},[47,12187,12188],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,12189,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,12191,12192,12194,12196,12198,12200,12202,12204,12206],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,12193,167],{"class":166},[47,12195,170],{"class":61},[47,12197,126],{"class":125},[47,12199,12033],{"class":129},[47,12201,126],{"class":125},[47,12203,69],{"class":61},[47,12205,12040],{"class":173},[47,12207,80],{"class":61},[47,12209,12210,12212,12214,12216,12218,12220,12222,12224],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,12211,167],{"class":166},[47,12213,170],{"class":61},[47,12215,126],{"class":125},[47,12217,12053],{"class":129},[47,12219,126],{"class":125},[47,12221,69],{"class":61},[47,12223,12060],{"class":173},[47,12225,80],{"class":61},[47,12227,12228,12230,12232,12234,12236,12238],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,12229,167],{"class":166},[47,12231,170],{"class":61},[47,12233,11965],{"class":173},[47,12235,12073],{"class":3749},[47,12237,12060],{"class":173},[47,12239,80],{"class":61},[14,12241,215],{},[37,12243,12245],{"className":39,"code":12244,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[44,12246,12247,12255,12287],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,12248,12249,12251,12253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12250,12012],{"class":53},[47,12252,2760],{"class":61},[47,12254,9713],{"class":61},[47,12256,12257,12259,12261,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273,12275,12277,12279,12281,12283,12285],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12258,12097],{"class":53},[47,12260,2760],{"class":61},[47,12262,10366],{"class":61},[47,12264,256],{"class":125},[47,12266,21],{"class":129},[47,12268,256],{"class":125},[47,12270,2760],{"class":61},[47,12272,1242],{"class":65},[47,12274,69],{"class":61},[47,12276,265],{"class":125},[47,12278,139],{"class":129},[47,12280,256],{"class":125},[47,12282,2760],{"class":61},[47,12284,72],{"class":65},[47,12286,9184],{"class":61},[47,12288,12289],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,12290,3913],{"class":412},[14,12292,2054],{},[291,12294,12295,12301],{},[294,12296,12297,12300],{},[44,12298,12299],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[294,12302,12303,12305],{},[44,12304,12097],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12307,12308,12309,30],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[21,12310,12312],{"href":12311},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[44,12313,12314],{},"dict.copy()",[32,12316,4836,12318],{"id":12317},"when-to-use-clear",[44,12319,11198],{},[14,12321,12322,12324],{},[44,12323,11198],{}," is useful when you want to:",[291,12326,12327,12330,12333],{},[294,12328,12329],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[294,12331,12332],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[294,12334,12335],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12337,2083],{},[37,12339,12341],{"className":39,"code":12340,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[44,12342,12343,12352,12368,12388,12401,12405,12409,12414,12425,12429],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,12344,12345,12348,12350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12346,12347],{"class":53},"session_data ",[47,12349,58],{"class":57},[47,12351,11371],{"class":61},[47,12353,12354,12356,12359,12361,12363,12366],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12355,11376],{"class":125},[47,12357,12358],{"class":129},"user_id",[47,12360,126],{"class":125},[47,12362,2760],{"class":61},[47,12364,12365],{"class":65}," 101",[47,12367,11392],{"class":61},[47,12369,12370,12372,12375,12377,12379,12381,12384,12386],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,12371,11376],{"class":125},[47,12373,12374],{"class":129},"theme",[47,12376,126],{"class":125},[47,12378,2760],{"class":61},[47,12380,136],{"class":125},[47,12382,12383],{"class":129},"dark",[47,12385,126],{"class":125},[47,12387,11392],{"class":61},[47,12389,12390,12392,12395,12397,12399],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,12391,11376],{"class":125},[47,12393,12394],{"class":129},"logged_in",[47,12396,126],{"class":125},[47,12398,2760],{"class":61},[47,12400,6297],{"class":412},[47,12402,12403],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,12404,9184],{"class":61},[47,12406,12407],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,12408,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,12410,12411],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,12412,12413],{"class":1494},"# Reset for a new session\n",[47,12415,12416,12419,12421,12423],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,12417,12418],{"class":53},"session_data",[47,12420,30],{"class":61},[47,12422,11260],{"class":173},[47,12424,241],{"class":61},[47,12426,12427],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,12428,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,12430,12431,12433,12435,12437,12439],{"class":49,"line":6309},[47,12432,167],{"class":166},[47,12434,170],{"class":61},[47,12436,12418],{"class":173},[47,12438,3533],{"class":61},[47,12440,11275],{"class":1494},[14,12442,12443,12444,12450,12451,30,12455,12457,12458,30],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[21,12445,12447],{"href":12446},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[44,12448,12449],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[21,12452,12454],{"href":12453},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9721,12456],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[21,12459,12461],{"href":12460},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[44,12462,12463],{},"dict.popitem()",[32,12465,1284],{"id":1283},[14,12467,10624,12468,2760],{},[44,12469,11198],{},[291,12471,12472,12478,12483,12486],{},[294,12473,12474,12475,12477],{},"Assigning the result of ",[44,12476,11198],{}," to a variable",[294,12479,8330,12480,12482],{},[44,12481,11198],{}," to return a new dictionary",[294,12484,12485],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[294,12487,12488],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12490,12491],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[37,12493,12495],{"className":39,"code":12494,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[44,12496,12497,12507,12521,12536],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,12498,12499,12501,12503,12505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12500,167],{"class":166},[47,12502,170],{"class":61},[47,12504,11327],{"class":173},[47,12506,80],{"class":61},[47,12508,12509,12511,12513,12515,12517,12519],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12510,167],{"class":166},[47,12512,170],{"class":61},[47,12514,499],{"class":118},[47,12516,170],{"class":61},[47,12518,11327],{"class":173},[47,12520,506],{"class":61},[47,12522,12523,12525,12527,12530,12532,12534],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,12524,167],{"class":166},[47,12526,170],{"class":61},[47,12528,12529],{"class":166},"id",[47,12531,170],{"class":61},[47,12533,11327],{"class":173},[47,12535,506],{"class":61},[47,12537,12538,12540,12542,12544,12546,12548],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,12539,167],{"class":166},[47,12541,170],{"class":61},[47,12543,11998],{"class":173},[47,12545,12073],{"class":3749},[47,12547,11645],{"class":173},[47,12549,80],{"class":61},[14,12551,12552],{},"What these show:",[291,12554,12555,12561,12567,12573],{},[294,12556,12557,12560],{},[44,12558,12559],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[294,12562,12563,12566],{},[44,12564,12565],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[294,12568,12569,12572],{},[44,12570,12571],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[294,12574,12575,12578],{},[44,12576,12577],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[32,12580,1708],{"id":1707},[773,12582,12584,12585,12587],{"id":12583},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[44,12586,11198],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12589,12590],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[773,12592,1744,12594,1747],{"id":12593},"what-does-dictclear-return",[44,12595,11204],{},[14,12597,1750,12598,30],{},[44,12599,3652],{},[773,12601,5054,12603,4267,12605,2368],{"id":12602},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[44,12604,11198],{},[44,12606,3665],{},[14,12608,12609,12611,12612,12614],{},[44,12610,11198],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[44,12613,3665],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[773,12616,12584,12618,12620],{"id":12617},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[44,12619,11198],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12622,12623],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[32,12625,1758],{"id":1757},[291,12627,12628,12632,12636,12643,12650,12657,12662],{},[294,12629,12630],{},[21,12631,9034],{"href":9033},[294,12633,12634],{},[21,12635,11119],{"href":9266},[294,12637,12638],{},[21,12639,10613,12640,10617],{"href":12446},[44,12641,12642],{},"pop()",[294,12644,12645],{},[21,12646,10613,12647,10617],{"href":12460},[44,12648,12649],{},"popitem()",[294,12651,12652],{},[21,12653,10613,12654,10617],{"href":12311},[44,12655,12656],{},"copy()",[294,12658,12659],{},[21,12660,12661],{"href":11944},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[294,12663,12664],{},[21,12665,12666],{"href":12453},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1796,12668,12669],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":12671},[12672,12673,12675,12676,12677,12681,12686,12687,12689,12690,12700],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":11283,"depth":83,"text":12674},"What clear() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":11581,"depth":83,"text":12678,"children":12679},"What clear() returns",[12680],{"id":11694,"depth":94,"text":11695},{"id":11874,"depth":83,"text":12682,"children":12683},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12684,12685],{"id":11260,"depth":94,"text":11198},{"id":11327,"depth":94,"text":11927},{"id":11948,"depth":83,"text":11949},{"id":12317,"depth":83,"text":12688},"When to use clear()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":12691},[12692,12694,12696,12698],{"id":12583,"depth":94,"text":12693},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12593,"depth":94,"text":12695},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12602,"depth":94,"text":12697},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12617,"depth":94,"text":12699},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11189,"description":12701},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12708,"title":12709,"body":12710,"description":14876,"extension":1837,"meta":14877,"navigation":159,"path":14878,"seo":14879,"stem":14880,"__hash__":14881},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12711,"toc":14848},[12712,12717,12722,12732,12734,12823,12827,12868,12873,12880,12898,12907,12909,12930,12933,12945,12947,13023,13027,13068,13070,13073,13201,13205,13285,13288,13306,13309,13313,13319,13321,13332,13334,13529,13533,13639,13642,13660,13663,13670,13675,13679,13693,13695,13822,13826,13906,13919,13925,13928,13936,13940,14066,14070,14144,14149,14280,14284,14358,14361,14375,14379,14383,14397,14399,14535,14539,14608,14610,14615,14637,14640,14747,14750,14761,14768,14770,14776,14779,14786,14789,14796,14804,14808,14811,14813,14845],[10,12713,11195,12715,11199],{"id":12714},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[44,12716,12656],{},[14,12718,12719,12721],{},[44,12720,12314],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12723,12724,12725,12727,12728,12731],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[44,12726,12656],{}," makes a ",[575,12729,12730],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[32,12733,35],{"id":34},[37,12735,12737],{"className":39,"code":12736,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[44,12738,12739,12777,12794,12798,12809],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,12740,12741,12744,12746,12748,12750,12752,12754,12756,12758,12761,12763,12765,12767,12769,12771,12773,12775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12742,12743],{"class":53},"student ",[47,12745,58],{"class":57},[47,12747,10366],{"class":61},[47,12749,126],{"class":125},[47,12751,7542],{"class":129},[47,12753,126],{"class":125},[47,12755,2760],{"class":61},[47,12757,136],{"class":125},[47,12759,12760],{"class":129},"Ana",[47,12762,126],{"class":125},[47,12764,69],{"class":61},[47,12766,136],{"class":125},[47,12768,9174],{"class":129},[47,12770,126],{"class":125},[47,12772,2760],{"class":61},[47,12774,965],{"class":65},[47,12776,9184],{"class":61},[47,12778,12779,12782,12784,12787,12789,12792],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12780,12781],{"class":53},"student_copy ",[47,12783,58],{"class":57},[47,12785,12786],{"class":53}," student",[47,12788,30],{"class":61},[47,12790,12791],{"class":173},"copy",[47,12793,241],{"class":61},[47,12795,12796],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,12797,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,12799,12800,12802,12804,12807],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,12801,167],{"class":166},[47,12803,170],{"class":61},[47,12805,12806],{"class":173},"student_copy",[47,12808,80],{"class":61},[47,12810,12811,12813,12815,12817,12819,12821],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,12812,167],{"class":166},[47,12814,170],{"class":61},[47,12816,12781],{"class":173},[47,12818,12073],{"class":3749},[47,12820,12786],{"class":173},[47,12822,80],{"class":61},[14,12824,12825],{},[575,12826,215],{},[37,12828,12830],{"className":39,"code":12829,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[44,12831,12832,12864],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,12833,12834,12836,12838,12840,12842,12844,12846,12848,12850,12852,12854,12856,12858,12860,12862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12835,9153],{"class":61},[47,12837,256],{"class":125},[47,12839,7542],{"class":129},[47,12841,256],{"class":125},[47,12843,2760],{"class":61},[47,12845,265],{"class":125},[47,12847,12760],{"class":129},[47,12849,256],{"class":125},[47,12851,69],{"class":61},[47,12853,265],{"class":125},[47,12855,9174],{"class":129},[47,12857,256],{"class":125},[47,12859,2760],{"class":61},[47,12861,965],{"class":65},[47,12863,9184],{"class":61},[47,12865,12866],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12867,3913],{"class":412},[14,12869,1967,12870,12872],{},[44,12871,12656],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[32,12874,12876,12877,12879],{"id":12875},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[44,12878,12656],{}," method does",[291,12881,12882,12887,12890,12895],{},[294,12883,12884,12886],{},[44,12885,12314],{}," returns a new dictionary",[294,12888,12889],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[294,12891,12892,12893],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[44,12894,12656],{},[294,12896,12897],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,12899,12900,12901,25,12904,30],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[21,12902,9034],{"href":12903},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[21,12905,9267],{"href":12906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[32,12908,2032],{"id":2031},[37,12910,12912],{"className":39,"code":12911,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[44,12913,12914],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,12915,12916,12919,12921,12924,12926,12928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12917,12918],{"class":53},"new_dict ",[47,12920,58],{"class":57},[47,12922,12923],{"class":53}," old_dict",[47,12925,30],{"class":61},[47,12927,12791],{"class":173},[47,12929,241],{"class":61},[14,12931,12932],{},"Key points:",[291,12934,12935,12939,12942],{},[294,12936,12937,11343],{},[44,12938,12656],{},[294,12940,12941],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[294,12943,12944],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,12946,2083],{},[37,12948,12950],{"className":39,"code":12949,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[44,12951,12952,12992,13008,13012],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,12953,12954,12956,12958,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986,12988,12990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12955,823],{"class":53},[47,12957,58],{"class":57},[47,12959,10366],{"class":61},[47,12961,126],{"class":125},[47,12963,21],{"class":129},[47,12965,126],{"class":125},[47,12967,2760],{"class":61},[47,12969,136],{"class":125},[47,12971,832],{"class":129},[47,12973,126],{"class":125},[47,12975,69],{"class":61},[47,12977,136],{"class":125},[47,12979,139],{"class":129},[47,12981,126],{"class":125},[47,12983,2760],{"class":61},[47,12985,136],{"class":125},[47,12987,850],{"class":129},[47,12989,126],{"class":125},[47,12991,9184],{"class":61},[47,12993,12994,12997,12999,13002,13004,13006],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12995,12996],{"class":53},"new_colors ",[47,12998,58],{"class":57},[47,13000,13001],{"class":53}," colors",[47,13003,30],{"class":61},[47,13005,12791],{"class":173},[47,13007,241],{"class":61},[47,13009,13010],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13011,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,13013,13014,13016,13018,13021],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,13015,167],{"class":166},[47,13017,170],{"class":61},[47,13019,13020],{"class":173},"new_colors",[47,13022,80],{"class":61},[14,13024,13025],{},[575,13026,215],{},[37,13028,13030],{"className":39,"code":13029,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[44,13031,13032],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,13033,13034,13036,13038,13040,13042,13044,13046,13048,13050,13052,13054,13056,13058,13060,13062,13064,13066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13035,9153],{"class":61},[47,13037,256],{"class":125},[47,13039,21],{"class":129},[47,13041,256],{"class":125},[47,13043,2760],{"class":61},[47,13045,265],{"class":125},[47,13047,832],{"class":129},[47,13049,256],{"class":125},[47,13051,69],{"class":61},[47,13053,265],{"class":125},[47,13055,139],{"class":129},[47,13057,256],{"class":125},[47,13059,2760],{"class":61},[47,13061,265],{"class":125},[47,13063,850],{"class":129},[47,13065,256],{"class":125},[47,13067,9184],{"class":61},[32,13069,11353],{"id":11352},[14,13071,13072],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[37,13074,13076],{"className":39,"code":13075,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[44,13077,13078,13116,13132,13136,13158,13162,13181],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,13079,13080,13083,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112,13114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13081,13082],{"class":53},"person ",[47,13084,58],{"class":57},[47,13086,10366],{"class":61},[47,13088,126],{"class":125},[47,13090,7542],{"class":129},[47,13092,126],{"class":125},[47,13094,2760],{"class":61},[47,13096,136],{"class":125},[47,13098,13099],{"class":129},"Liam",[47,13101,126],{"class":125},[47,13103,69],{"class":61},[47,13105,136],{"class":125},[47,13107,9174],{"class":129},[47,13109,126],{"class":125},[47,13111,2760],{"class":61},[47,13113,9181],{"class":65},[47,13115,9184],{"class":61},[47,13117,13118,13121,13123,13126,13128,13130],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13119,13120],{"class":53},"person_copy ",[47,13122,58],{"class":57},[47,13124,13125],{"class":53}," person",[47,13127,30],{"class":61},[47,13129,12791],{"class":173},[47,13131,241],{"class":61},[47,13133,13134],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13135,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,13137,13138,13141,13143,13145,13147,13149,13152,13155],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,13139,13140],{"class":53},"person_copy",[47,13142,3773],{"class":61},[47,13144,126],{"class":125},[47,13146,9174],{"class":129},[47,13148,126],{"class":125},[47,13150,13151],{"class":61},"]",[47,13153,13154],{"class":57}," =",[47,13156,13157],{"class":65}," 26\n",[47,13159,13160],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,13161,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,13163,13164,13166,13168,13170,13173,13175,13177,13179],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,13165,167],{"class":166},[47,13167,170],{"class":61},[47,13169,126],{"class":125},[47,13171,13172],{"class":129},"Original:",[47,13174,126],{"class":125},[47,13176,69],{"class":61},[47,13178,13125],{"class":173},[47,13180,80],{"class":61},[47,13182,13183,13185,13187,13189,13192,13194,13196,13199],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,13184,167],{"class":166},[47,13186,170],{"class":61},[47,13188,126],{"class":125},[47,13190,13191],{"class":129},"Copy:",[47,13193,126],{"class":125},[47,13195,69],{"class":61},[47,13197,13198],{"class":173}," person_copy",[47,13200,80],{"class":61},[14,13202,13203],{},[575,13204,215],{},[37,13206,13208],{"className":39,"code":13207,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[44,13209,13210,13247],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,13211,13212,13215,13217,13219,13221,13223,13225,13227,13229,13231,13233,13235,13237,13239,13241,13243,13245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13213,13214],{"class":53},"Original",[47,13216,2760],{"class":61},[47,13218,10366],{"class":61},[47,13220,256],{"class":125},[47,13222,7542],{"class":129},[47,13224,256],{"class":125},[47,13226,2760],{"class":61},[47,13228,265],{"class":125},[47,13230,13099],{"class":129},[47,13232,256],{"class":125},[47,13234,69],{"class":61},[47,13236,265],{"class":125},[47,13238,9174],{"class":129},[47,13240,256],{"class":125},[47,13242,2760],{"class":61},[47,13244,9181],{"class":65},[47,13246,9184],{"class":61},[47,13248,13249,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13283],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13250,13251],{"class":53},"Copy",[47,13253,2760],{"class":61},[47,13255,10366],{"class":61},[47,13257,256],{"class":125},[47,13259,7542],{"class":129},[47,13261,256],{"class":125},[47,13263,2760],{"class":61},[47,13265,265],{"class":125},[47,13267,13099],{"class":129},[47,13269,256],{"class":125},[47,13271,69],{"class":61},[47,13273,265],{"class":125},[47,13275,9174],{"class":129},[47,13277,256],{"class":125},[47,13279,2760],{"class":61},[47,13281,13282],{"class":65}," 26",[47,13284,9184],{"class":61},[14,13286,13287],{},"What happened here:",[291,13289,13290,13296,13303],{},[294,13291,13292,13295],{},[44,13293,13294],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[294,13297,13298,13299,13302],{},"Changing ",[44,13300,13301],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[294,13304,13305],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13307,13308],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[32,13310,13312],{"id":13311},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13314,13315,12727,13317,30],{},[44,13316,12656],{},[575,13318,12730],{},[14,13320,1982],{},[291,13322,13323,13326,13329],{},[294,13324,13325],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[294,13327,13328],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[294,13330,13331],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13333,2083],{},[37,13335,13337],{"className":39,"code":13336,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[44,13338,13339,13347,13365,13388,13392,13396,13410,13414,13439,13443,13461,13480,13495],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,13340,13341,13343,13345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13342,12743],{"class":53},[47,13344,58],{"class":57},[47,13346,11371],{"class":61},[47,13348,13349,13351,13353,13355,13357,13359,13361,13363],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13350,11376],{"class":125},[47,13352,7542],{"class":129},[47,13354,126],{"class":125},[47,13356,2760],{"class":61},[47,13358,136],{"class":125},[47,13360,12760],{"class":129},[47,13362,126],{"class":125},[47,13364,11392],{"class":61},[47,13366,13367,13369,13372,13374,13376,13378,13381,13383,13386],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13368,11376],{"class":125},[47,13370,13371],{"class":129},"grades",[47,13373,126],{"class":125},[47,13375,2760],{"class":61},[47,13377,957],{"class":61},[47,13379,13380],{"class":65},"90",[47,13382,69],{"class":61},[47,13384,13385],{"class":65}," 85",[47,13387,1402],{"class":61},[47,13389,13390],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,13391,9184],{"class":61},[47,13393,13394],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,13395,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,13397,13398,13400,13402,13404,13406,13408],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,13399,12781],{"class":53},[47,13401,58],{"class":57},[47,13403,12786],{"class":53},[47,13405,30],{"class":61},[47,13407,12791],{"class":173},[47,13409,241],{"class":61},[47,13411,13412],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,13413,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,13415,13416,13418,13420,13422,13424,13426,13429,13432,13434,13437],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,13417,12806],{"class":53},[47,13419,3773],{"class":61},[47,13421,126],{"class":125},[47,13423,13371],{"class":129},[47,13425,126],{"class":125},[47,13427,13428],{"class":61},"].",[47,13430,13431],{"class":173},"append",[47,13433,170],{"class":61},[47,13435,13436],{"class":65},"100",[47,13438,80],{"class":61},[47,13440,13441],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,13442,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,13444,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459],{"class":49,"line":6309},[47,13446,167],{"class":166},[47,13448,170],{"class":61},[47,13450,126],{"class":125},[47,13452,13172],{"class":129},[47,13454,126],{"class":125},[47,13456,69],{"class":61},[47,13458,12786],{"class":173},[47,13460,80],{"class":61},[47,13462,13463,13465,13467,13469,13471,13473,13475,13478],{"class":49,"line":11473},[47,13464,167],{"class":166},[47,13466,170],{"class":61},[47,13468,126],{"class":125},[47,13470,13191],{"class":129},[47,13472,126],{"class":125},[47,13474,69],{"class":61},[47,13476,13477],{"class":173}," student_copy",[47,13479,80],{"class":61},[47,13481,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493],{"class":49,"line":13482},12,[47,13484,167],{"class":166},[47,13486,170],{"class":61},[47,13488,12743],{"class":173},[47,13490,12073],{"class":3749},[47,13492,13477],{"class":173},[47,13494,80],{"class":61},[47,13496,13498,13500,13502,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517,13519,13521,13523,13525,13527],{"class":49,"line":13497},13,[47,13499,167],{"class":166},[47,13501,170],{"class":61},[47,13503,13504],{"class":173},"student",[47,13506,3773],{"class":61},[47,13508,126],{"class":125},[47,13510,13371],{"class":129},[47,13512,126],{"class":125},[47,13514,13151],{"class":61},[47,13516,7972],{"class":3749},[47,13518,13477],{"class":173},[47,13520,3773],{"class":61},[47,13522,126],{"class":125},[47,13524,13371],{"class":129},[47,13526,126],{"class":125},[47,13528,153],{"class":61},[14,13530,13531],{},[575,13532,215],{},[37,13534,13536],{"className":39,"code":13535,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[44,13537,13538,13585,13631,13635],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,13539,13540,13542,13544,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13558,13560,13562,13564,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13541,13214],{"class":53},[47,13543,2760],{"class":61},[47,13545,10366],{"class":61},[47,13547,256],{"class":125},[47,13549,7542],{"class":129},[47,13551,256],{"class":125},[47,13553,2760],{"class":61},[47,13555,265],{"class":125},[47,13557,12760],{"class":129},[47,13559,256],{"class":125},[47,13561,69],{"class":61},[47,13563,265],{"class":125},[47,13565,13371],{"class":129},[47,13567,256],{"class":125},[47,13569,2760],{"class":61},[47,13571,957],{"class":61},[47,13573,13380],{"class":65},[47,13575,69],{"class":61},[47,13577,13385],{"class":65},[47,13579,69],{"class":61},[47,13581,9993],{"class":65},[47,13583,13584],{"class":61},"]}\n",[47,13586,13587,13589,13591,13593,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13588,13251],{"class":53},[47,13590,2760],{"class":61},[47,13592,10366],{"class":61},[47,13594,256],{"class":125},[47,13596,7542],{"class":129},[47,13598,256],{"class":125},[47,13600,2760],{"class":61},[47,13602,265],{"class":125},[47,13604,12760],{"class":129},[47,13606,256],{"class":125},[47,13608,69],{"class":61},[47,13610,265],{"class":125},[47,13612,13371],{"class":129},[47,13614,256],{"class":125},[47,13616,2760],{"class":61},[47,13618,957],{"class":61},[47,13620,13380],{"class":65},[47,13622,69],{"class":61},[47,13624,13385],{"class":65},[47,13626,69],{"class":61},[47,13628,9993],{"class":65},[47,13630,13584],{"class":61},[47,13632,13633],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13634,3913],{"class":412},[47,13636,13637],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,13638,3852],{"class":412},[14,13640,13641],{},"Notice the difference:",[291,13643,13644,13652],{},[294,13645,13646,4658,13649,13651],{},[44,13647,13648],{},"student is student_copy",[44,13650,3546],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[294,13653,13654,4658,13657,13659],{},[44,13655,13656],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[44,13658,3477],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13661,13662],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13664,13665,13666,30],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[21,13667,13669],{"href":13668},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[32,13671,4836,13673],{"id":13672},"when-to-use-copy",[44,13674,12656],{},[14,13676,1967,13677,10477],{},[44,13678,12656],{},[291,13680,13681,13684,13687,13690],{},[294,13682,13683],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[294,13685,13686],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[294,13688,13689],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[294,13691,13692],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13694,2083],{},[37,13696,13698],{"className":39,"code":13697,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[44,13699,13700,13739,13755,13759,13779,13783,13802],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,13701,13702,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13730,13732,13734,13737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13703,13704],{"class":53},"settings ",[47,13706,58],{"class":57},[47,13708,10366],{"class":61},[47,13710,126],{"class":125},[47,13712,12374],{"class":129},[47,13714,126],{"class":125},[47,13716,2760],{"class":61},[47,13718,136],{"class":125},[47,13720,12383],{"class":129},[47,13722,126],{"class":125},[47,13724,69],{"class":61},[47,13726,136],{"class":125},[47,13728,13729],{"class":129},"font_size",[47,13731,126],{"class":125},[47,13733,2760],{"class":61},[47,13735,13736],{"class":65}," 14",[47,13738,9184],{"class":61},[47,13740,13741,13744,13746,13749,13751,13753],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13742,13743],{"class":53},"settings_backup ",[47,13745,58],{"class":57},[47,13747,13748],{"class":53}," settings",[47,13750,30],{"class":61},[47,13752,12791],{"class":173},[47,13754,241],{"class":61},[47,13756,13757],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13758,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,13760,13761,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774,13776],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,13762,13763],{"class":53},"settings",[47,13765,3773],{"class":61},[47,13767,126],{"class":125},[47,13769,13729],{"class":129},[47,13771,126],{"class":125},[47,13773,13151],{"class":61},[47,13775,13154],{"class":57},[47,13777,13778],{"class":65}," 16\n",[47,13780,13781],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,13782,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,13784,13785,13787,13789,13791,13794,13796,13798,13800],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,13786,167],{"class":166},[47,13788,170],{"class":61},[47,13790,126],{"class":125},[47,13792,13793],{"class":129},"Current:",[47,13795,126],{"class":125},[47,13797,69],{"class":61},[47,13799,13748],{"class":173},[47,13801,80],{"class":61},[47,13803,13804,13806,13808,13810,13813,13815,13817,13820],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,13805,167],{"class":166},[47,13807,170],{"class":61},[47,13809,126],{"class":125},[47,13811,13812],{"class":129},"Backup:",[47,13814,126],{"class":125},[47,13816,69],{"class":61},[47,13818,13819],{"class":173}," settings_backup",[47,13821,80],{"class":61},[14,13823,13824],{},[575,13825,215],{},[37,13827,13829],{"className":39,"code":13828,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[44,13830,13831,13869],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,13832,13833,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13834,13835],{"class":53},"Current",[47,13837,2760],{"class":61},[47,13839,10366],{"class":61},[47,13841,256],{"class":125},[47,13843,12374],{"class":129},[47,13845,256],{"class":125},[47,13847,2760],{"class":61},[47,13849,265],{"class":125},[47,13851,12383],{"class":129},[47,13853,256],{"class":125},[47,13855,69],{"class":61},[47,13857,265],{"class":125},[47,13859,13729],{"class":129},[47,13861,256],{"class":125},[47,13863,2760],{"class":61},[47,13865,13866],{"class":65}," 16",[47,13868,9184],{"class":61},[47,13870,13871,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13872,13873],{"class":53},"Backup",[47,13875,2760],{"class":61},[47,13877,10366],{"class":61},[47,13879,256],{"class":125},[47,13881,12374],{"class":129},[47,13883,256],{"class":125},[47,13885,2760],{"class":61},[47,13887,265],{"class":125},[47,13889,12383],{"class":129},[47,13891,256],{"class":125},[47,13893,69],{"class":61},[47,13895,265],{"class":125},[47,13897,13729],{"class":129},[47,13899,256],{"class":125},[47,13901,2760],{"class":61},[47,13903,13736],{"class":65},[47,13905,9184],{"class":61},[14,13907,13908,13909,25,13915,30],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[21,13910,13912],{"href":13911},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[44,13913,13914],{},"dict.update()",[21,13916,13917],{"href":12703},[44,13918,11204],{},[32,13920,13922,13924],{"id":13921},"copy-vs-assignment",[44,13923,12656],{}," vs assignment",[14,13926,13927],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,13929,8294,13930,13932,13933,13935],{},[44,13931,58],{}," does ",[575,13934,577],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[773,13937,13939],{"id":13938},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[37,13941,13943],{"className":39,"code":13942,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[44,13944,13945,13977,13986,13990,14010,14014,14032,14052],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,13946,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971,13973,13975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13948,11965],{"class":53},[47,13950,58],{"class":57},[47,13952,10366],{"class":61},[47,13954,126],{"class":125},[47,13956,2049],{"class":129},[47,13958,126],{"class":125},[47,13960,2760],{"class":61},[47,13962,1242],{"class":65},[47,13964,69],{"class":61},[47,13966,136],{"class":125},[47,13968,11624],{"class":129},[47,13970,126],{"class":125},[47,13972,2760],{"class":61},[47,13974,72],{"class":65},[47,13976,9184],{"class":61},[47,13978,13979,13982,13984],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13980,13981],{"class":53},"assigned ",[47,13983,58],{"class":57},[47,13985,12003],{"class":53},[47,13987,13988],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13989,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,13991,13992,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,13993,13994],{"class":53},"assigned",[47,13996,3773],{"class":61},[47,13998,126],{"class":125},[47,14000,2049],{"class":129},[47,14002,126],{"class":125},[47,14004,13151],{"class":61},[47,14006,13154],{"class":57},[47,14008,14009],{"class":65}," 99\n",[47,14011,14012],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,14013,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,14015,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024,14026,14028,14030],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,14017,167],{"class":166},[47,14019,170],{"class":61},[47,14021,126],{"class":125},[47,14023,13172],{"class":129},[47,14025,126],{"class":125},[47,14027,69],{"class":61},[47,14029,12040],{"class":173},[47,14031,80],{"class":61},[47,14033,14034,14036,14038,14040,14043,14045,14047,14050],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,14035,167],{"class":166},[47,14037,170],{"class":61},[47,14039,126],{"class":125},[47,14041,14042],{"class":129},"Assigned:",[47,14044,126],{"class":125},[47,14046,69],{"class":61},[47,14048,14049],{"class":173}," assigned",[47,14051,80],{"class":61},[47,14053,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,14055,167],{"class":166},[47,14057,170],{"class":61},[47,14059,11965],{"class":173},[47,14061,12073],{"class":3749},[47,14063,14049],{"class":173},[47,14065,80],{"class":61},[14,14067,14068],{},[575,14069,215],{},[37,14071,14073],{"className":39,"code":14072,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[44,14074,14075,14107,14140],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,14076,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091,14093,14095,14097,14099,14101,14103,14105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14078,13214],{"class":53},[47,14080,2760],{"class":61},[47,14082,10366],{"class":61},[47,14084,256],{"class":125},[47,14086,2049],{"class":129},[47,14088,256],{"class":125},[47,14090,2760],{"class":61},[47,14092,10072],{"class":65},[47,14094,69],{"class":61},[47,14096,265],{"class":125},[47,14098,11624],{"class":129},[47,14100,256],{"class":125},[47,14102,2760],{"class":61},[47,14104,72],{"class":65},[47,14106,9184],{"class":61},[47,14108,14109,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134,14136,14138],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14110,14111],{"class":53},"Assigned",[47,14113,2760],{"class":61},[47,14115,10366],{"class":61},[47,14117,256],{"class":125},[47,14119,2049],{"class":129},[47,14121,256],{"class":125},[47,14123,2760],{"class":61},[47,14125,10072],{"class":65},[47,14127,69],{"class":61},[47,14129,265],{"class":125},[47,14131,11624],{"class":129},[47,14133,256],{"class":125},[47,14135,2760],{"class":61},[47,14137,72],{"class":65},[47,14139,9184],{"class":61},[47,14141,14142],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,14143,3852],{"class":412},[773,14145,8294,14147],{"id":14146},"using-copy",[44,14148,12656],{},[37,14150,14152],{"className":39,"code":14151,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[44,14153,14154,14186,14201,14205,14224,14228,14246,14266],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,14155,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14157,11965],{"class":53},[47,14159,58],{"class":57},[47,14161,10366],{"class":61},[47,14163,126],{"class":125},[47,14165,2049],{"class":129},[47,14167,126],{"class":125},[47,14169,2760],{"class":61},[47,14171,1242],{"class":65},[47,14173,69],{"class":61},[47,14175,136],{"class":125},[47,14177,11624],{"class":129},[47,14179,126],{"class":125},[47,14181,2760],{"class":61},[47,14183,72],{"class":65},[47,14185,9184],{"class":61},[47,14187,14188,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14189,14190],{"class":53},"copied ",[47,14192,58],{"class":57},[47,14194,12040],{"class":53},[47,14196,30],{"class":61},[47,14198,12791],{"class":173},[47,14200,241],{"class":61},[47,14202,14203],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,14204,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,14206,14207,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,14208,14209],{"class":53},"copied",[47,14211,3773],{"class":61},[47,14213,126],{"class":125},[47,14215,2049],{"class":129},[47,14217,126],{"class":125},[47,14219,13151],{"class":61},[47,14221,13154],{"class":57},[47,14223,14009],{"class":65},[47,14225,14226],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,14227,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,14229,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,14231,167],{"class":166},[47,14233,170],{"class":61},[47,14235,126],{"class":125},[47,14237,13172],{"class":129},[47,14239,126],{"class":125},[47,14241,69],{"class":61},[47,14243,12040],{"class":173},[47,14245,80],{"class":61},[47,14247,14248,14250,14252,14254,14257,14259,14261,14264],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,14249,167],{"class":166},[47,14251,170],{"class":61},[47,14253,126],{"class":125},[47,14255,14256],{"class":129},"Copied:",[47,14258,126],{"class":125},[47,14260,69],{"class":61},[47,14262,14263],{"class":173}," copied",[47,14265,80],{"class":61},[47,14267,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276,14278],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,14269,167],{"class":166},[47,14271,170],{"class":61},[47,14273,11965],{"class":173},[47,14275,12073],{"class":3749},[47,14277,14263],{"class":173},[47,14279,80],{"class":61},[14,14281,14282],{},[575,14283,215],{},[37,14285,14287],{"className":39,"code":14286,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[44,14288,14289,14321,14354],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,14290,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14292,13214],{"class":53},[47,14294,2760],{"class":61},[47,14296,10366],{"class":61},[47,14298,256],{"class":125},[47,14300,2049],{"class":129},[47,14302,256],{"class":125},[47,14304,2760],{"class":61},[47,14306,1242],{"class":65},[47,14308,69],{"class":61},[47,14310,265],{"class":125},[47,14312,11624],{"class":129},[47,14314,256],{"class":125},[47,14316,2760],{"class":61},[47,14318,72],{"class":65},[47,14320,9184],{"class":61},[47,14322,14323,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350,14352],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14324,14325],{"class":53},"Copied",[47,14327,2760],{"class":61},[47,14329,10366],{"class":61},[47,14331,256],{"class":125},[47,14333,2049],{"class":129},[47,14335,256],{"class":125},[47,14337,2760],{"class":61},[47,14339,10072],{"class":65},[47,14341,69],{"class":61},[47,14343,265],{"class":125},[47,14345,11624],{"class":129},[47,14347,256],{"class":125},[47,14349,2760],{"class":61},[47,14351,72],{"class":65},[47,14353,9184],{"class":61},[47,14355,14356],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,14357,3913],{"class":412},[14,14359,14360],{},"Summary:",[291,14362,14363,14369],{},[294,14364,14365,14368],{},[44,14366,14367],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[294,14370,14371,14374],{},[44,14372,14373],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[32,14376,14378],{"id":14377},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14380,14381,2760],{},[44,14382,12656],{},[291,14384,14385,14388,14391,14394],{},[294,14386,14387],{},"Returns a dictionary",[294,14389,14390],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[294,14392,14393],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[294,14395,14396],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14398,2083],{},[37,14400,14402],{"className":39,"code":14401,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[44,14403,14404,14436,14452,14456,14474,14494,14498,14516],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,14405,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14407,392],{"class":53},[47,14409,58],{"class":57},[47,14411,10366],{"class":61},[47,14413,126],{"class":125},[47,14415,21],{"class":129},[47,14417,126],{"class":125},[47,14419,2760],{"class":61},[47,14421,1242],{"class":65},[47,14423,69],{"class":61},[47,14425,136],{"class":125},[47,14427,139],{"class":129},[47,14429,126],{"class":125},[47,14431,2760],{"class":61},[47,14433,72],{"class":65},[47,14435,9184],{"class":61},[47,14437,14438,14441,14443,14446,14448,14450],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14439,14440],{"class":53},"data_copy ",[47,14442,58],{"class":57},[47,14444,14445],{"class":53}," data",[47,14447,30],{"class":61},[47,14449,12791],{"class":173},[47,14451,241],{"class":61},[47,14453,14454],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,14455,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,14457,14458,14460,14462,14464,14466,14468,14470,14472],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,14459,424],{"class":53},[47,14461,3773],{"class":61},[47,14463,126],{"class":125},[47,14465,21],{"class":129},[47,14467,126],{"class":125},[47,14469,13151],{"class":61},[47,14471,13154],{"class":57},[47,14473,2463],{"class":65},[47,14475,14476,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,14477,14478],{"class":53},"data_copy",[47,14480,3773],{"class":61},[47,14482,126],{"class":125},[47,14484,139],{"class":129},[47,14486,126],{"class":125},[47,14488,13151],{"class":61},[47,14490,13154],{"class":57},[47,14492,14493],{"class":65}," 20\n",[47,14495,14496],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,14497,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,14499,14500,14502,14504,14506,14508,14510,14512,14514],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,14501,167],{"class":166},[47,14503,170],{"class":61},[47,14505,126],{"class":125},[47,14507,13172],{"class":129},[47,14509,126],{"class":125},[47,14511,69],{"class":61},[47,14513,14445],{"class":173},[47,14515,80],{"class":61},[47,14517,14518,14520,14522,14524,14526,14528,14530,14533],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,14519,167],{"class":166},[47,14521,170],{"class":61},[47,14523,126],{"class":125},[47,14525,13191],{"class":129},[47,14527,126],{"class":125},[47,14529,69],{"class":61},[47,14531,14532],{"class":173}," data_copy",[47,14534,80],{"class":61},[14,14536,14537],{},[575,14538,215],{},[37,14540,14542],{"className":39,"code":14541,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[44,14543,14544,14576],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,14545,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14547,13214],{"class":53},[47,14549,2760],{"class":61},[47,14551,10366],{"class":61},[47,14553,256],{"class":125},[47,14555,21],{"class":129},[47,14557,256],{"class":125},[47,14559,2760],{"class":61},[47,14561,5879],{"class":65},[47,14563,69],{"class":61},[47,14565,265],{"class":125},[47,14567,139],{"class":129},[47,14569,256],{"class":125},[47,14571,2760],{"class":61},[47,14573,72],{"class":65},[47,14575,9184],{"class":61},[47,14577,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604,14606],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14579,13251],{"class":53},[47,14581,2760],{"class":61},[47,14583,10366],{"class":61},[47,14585,256],{"class":125},[47,14587,21],{"class":129},[47,14589,256],{"class":125},[47,14591,2760],{"class":61},[47,14593,1242],{"class":65},[47,14595,69],{"class":61},[47,14597,265],{"class":125},[47,14599,139],{"class":129},[47,14601,256],{"class":125},[47,14603,2760],{"class":61},[47,14605,965],{"class":65},[47,14607,9184],{"class":61},[32,14609,1284],{"id":1283},[14,14611,14612,14613,2760],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[44,14614,12314],{},[291,14616,14617,14624,14629,14634],{},[294,14618,8294,14619,10969,14621,14623],{},[44,14620,58],{},[44,14622,12656],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[294,14625,4454,14626,14628],{},[44,14627,12656],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[294,14630,14631,14632],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[44,14633,12656],{},[294,14635,14636],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14638,14639],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[37,14641,14643],{"className":39,"code":14642,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[44,14644,14645,14655,14665,14679,14702,14725],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,14646,14647,14649,14651,14653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14648,167],{"class":166},[47,14650,170],{"class":61},[47,14652,12012],{"class":173},[47,14654,80],{"class":61},[47,14656,14657,14659,14661,14663],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14658,167],{"class":166},[47,14660,170],{"class":61},[47,14662,14209],{"class":173},[47,14664,80],{"class":61},[47,14666,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,14668,167],{"class":166},[47,14670,170],{"class":61},[47,14672,11965],{"class":173},[47,14674,12073],{"class":3749},[47,14676,14263],{"class":173},[47,14678,80],{"class":61},[47,14680,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693,14696,14698,14700],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,14682,167],{"class":166},[47,14684,170],{"class":61},[47,14686,12529],{"class":166},[47,14688,170],{"class":61},[47,14690,12012],{"class":173},[47,14692,954],{"class":61},[47,14694,14695],{"class":166}," id",[47,14697,170],{"class":61},[47,14699,14209],{"class":173},[47,14701,506],{"class":61},[47,14703,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14721,14723],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,14705,167],{"class":166},[47,14707,170],{"class":61},[47,14709,12529],{"class":166},[47,14711,170],{"class":61},[47,14713,12012],{"class":173},[47,14715,3773],{"class":61},[47,14717,126],{"class":125},[47,14719,14720],{"class":129},"key",[47,14722,126],{"class":125},[47,14724,2873],{"class":61},[47,14726,14727,14729,14731,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,14728,167],{"class":166},[47,14730,170],{"class":61},[47,14732,12529],{"class":166},[47,14734,170],{"class":61},[47,14736,14209],{"class":173},[47,14738,3773],{"class":61},[47,14740,126],{"class":125},[47,14742,14720],{"class":129},[47,14744,126],{"class":125},[47,14746,2873],{"class":61},[14,14748,14749],{},"What these help you check:",[291,14751,14752,14755,14758],{},[294,14753,14754],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[294,14756,14757],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[294,14759,14760],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,14762,14763,14764,30],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[21,14765,14767],{"href":14766},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[32,14769,1708],{"id":1707},[773,14771,12584,14773,14775],{"id":14772},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[44,14774,12314],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,14777,14778],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[773,14780,14782,14783,14785],{"id":14781},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[44,14784,12314],{}," a deep copy?",[14,14787,14788],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[773,14790,5054,14792,4267,14794,2368],{"id":14791},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[44,14793,12656],{},[44,14795,58],{},[14,14797,14798,14800,14801,14803],{},[44,14799,12656],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[44,14802,58],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[773,14805,14807],{"id":14806},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,14809,14810],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[32,14812,1758],{"id":1757},[291,14814,14815,14819,14823,14827,14834,14840],{},[294,14816,14817],{},[21,14818,11119],{"href":12906},[294,14820,14821],{},[21,14822,9034],{"href":12903},[294,14824,14825],{},[21,14826,13669],{"href":13668},[294,14828,14829],{},[21,14830,10613,14831,10617],{"href":13911},[44,14832,14833],{},"update()",[294,14835,14836],{},[21,14837,10613,14838,10617],{"href":12703},[44,14839,11198],{},[294,14841,14842],{},[21,14843,14844],{"href":14766},"How to copy a list in Python",[1796,14846,14847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":14849},[14850,14851,14853,14854,14855,14856,14858,14864,14865,14866,14875],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":12875,"depth":83,"text":14852},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":13311,"depth":83,"text":13312},{"id":13672,"depth":83,"text":14857},"When to use copy()",{"id":13921,"depth":83,"text":14859,"children":14860},"copy() vs assignment",[14861,14862],{"id":13938,"depth":94,"text":13939},{"id":14146,"depth":94,"text":14863},"Using copy()",{"id":14377,"depth":83,"text":14378},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":14867},[14868,14870,14872,14874],{"id":14772,"depth":94,"text":14869},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14781,"depth":94,"text":14871},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14791,"depth":94,"text":14873},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14806,"depth":94,"text":14807},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12709,"description":14876},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14883,"title":14884,"body":14885,"description":17080,"extension":1837,"meta":17081,"navigation":159,"path":12906,"seo":17082,"stem":17083,"__hash__":17084},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14886,"toc":17042},[14887,14890,14896,14905,14907,14983,14987,15036,15039,15041,15055,15058,15062,15075,15078,15111,15125,15128,15140,15144,15147,15155,15235,15239,15292,15296,15314,15316,15398,15401,15403,15406,15409,15432,15456,15460,15468,15471,15475,15484,15489,15547,15551,15584,15590,15596,15599,15654,15658,15708,15711,15717,15720,15728,15730,15775,15780,15789,15792,15795,15842,15844,15849,15852,15946,15950,16003,16006,16062,16065,16069,16072,16086,16090,16156,16160,16185,16188,16192,16270,16274,16277,16280,16300,16303,16356,16360,16363,16366,16379,16381,16470,16477,16480,16491,16493,16496,16516,16520,16522,16531,16533,16572,16576,16578,16587,16596,16598,16636,16640,16687,16691,16712,16716,16719,16831,16836,16934,16956,16958,16962,16969,16973,16979,16983,16986,16990,16993,17000,17008,17010,17036,17039],[10,14888,14884],{"id":14889},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,14891,14892,14893,14895],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[575,14894,9010],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,14897,14898,14899,25,14901,30],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[21,14900,9034],{"href":9033},[21,14902,14904],{"href":14903},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[32,14906,35],{"id":34},[37,14908,14910],{"className":39,"code":14909,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[44,14911,14912,14920,14938,14952,14965,14969,14973],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,14913,14914,14916,14918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14915,12743],{"class":53},[47,14917,58],{"class":57},[47,14919,11371],{"class":61},[47,14921,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934,14936],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14923,11376],{"class":125},[47,14925,7542],{"class":129},[47,14927,126],{"class":125},[47,14929,2760],{"class":61},[47,14931,136],{"class":125},[47,14933,12760],{"class":129},[47,14935,126],{"class":125},[47,14937,11392],{"class":61},[47,14939,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,14941,11376],{"class":125},[47,14943,9174],{"class":129},[47,14945,126],{"class":125},[47,14947,2760],{"class":61},[47,14949,965],{"class":65},[47,14951,11392],{"class":61},[47,14953,14954,14956,14959,14961,14963],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,14955,11376],{"class":125},[47,14957,14958],{"class":129},"is_active",[47,14960,126],{"class":125},[47,14962,2760],{"class":61},[47,14964,6297],{"class":412},[47,14966,14967],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,14968,9184],{"class":61},[47,14970,14971],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,14972,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,14974,14975,14977,14979,14981],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,14976,167],{"class":166},[47,14978,170],{"class":61},[47,14980,13504],{"class":173},[47,14982,80],{"class":61},[14,14984,14985],{},[575,14986,215],{},[37,14988,14990],{"className":39,"code":14989,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[44,14991,14992],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,14993,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010,15012,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022,15024,15026,15028,15030,15032,15034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14995,9153],{"class":61},[47,14997,256],{"class":125},[47,14999,7542],{"class":129},[47,15001,256],{"class":125},[47,15003,2760],{"class":61},[47,15005,265],{"class":125},[47,15007,12760],{"class":129},[47,15009,256],{"class":125},[47,15011,69],{"class":61},[47,15013,265],{"class":125},[47,15015,9174],{"class":129},[47,15017,256],{"class":125},[47,15019,2760],{"class":61},[47,15021,965],{"class":65},[47,15023,69],{"class":61},[47,15025,265],{"class":125},[47,15027,14958],{"class":129},[47,15029,256],{"class":125},[47,15031,2760],{"class":61},[47,15033,413],{"class":412},[47,15035,9184],{"class":61},[14,15037,15038],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[32,15040,289],{"id":288},[291,15042,15043,15046,15049,15052],{},[294,15044,15045],{},"What a dictionary is",[294,15047,15048],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[294,15050,15051],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[294,15053,15054],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[32,15056,15045],{"id":15057},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15059,9007,15060,30],{},[575,15061,9010],{},[291,15063,15064,15070],{},[294,15065,15066,15067,15069],{},"A ",[575,15068,14720],{}," is the label",[294,15071,15066,15072,15074],{},[575,15073,605],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15076,15077],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[37,15079,15081],{"className":39,"code":15080,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[44,15082,15083,15091,15107],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15084,15085,15087,15089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15086,12743],{"class":53},[47,15088,58],{"class":57},[47,15090,11371],{"class":61},[47,15092,15093,15095,15097,15099,15101,15103,15105],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15094,11376],{"class":125},[47,15096,7542],{"class":129},[47,15098,126],{"class":125},[47,15100,2760],{"class":61},[47,15102,136],{"class":125},[47,15104,12760],{"class":129},[47,15106,3230],{"class":125},[47,15108,15109],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15110,9184],{"class":61},[291,15112,15113,15119],{},[294,15114,15115,15118],{},[44,15116,15117],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[294,15120,15121,15124],{},[44,15122,15123],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15126,15127],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[291,15129,15130,15132,15134,15137],{},[294,15131,7542],{},[294,15133,9174],{},[294,15135,15136],{},"email",[294,15138,15139],{},"country",[32,15141,15143],{"id":15142},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15145,15146],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15148,1967,15149,15151,15152,30],{},[44,15150,3665],{}," and write each item as ",[44,15153,15154],{},"key: value",[37,15156,15158],{"className":39,"code":15157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[44,15159,15160,15168,15186,15200,15217,15221,15225],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15161,15162,15164,15166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15163,12743],{"class":53},[47,15165,58],{"class":57},[47,15167,11371],{"class":61},[47,15169,15170,15172,15174,15176,15178,15180,15182,15184],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15171,11376],{"class":125},[47,15173,7542],{"class":129},[47,15175,126],{"class":125},[47,15177,2760],{"class":61},[47,15179,136],{"class":125},[47,15181,12760],{"class":129},[47,15183,126],{"class":125},[47,15185,11392],{"class":61},[47,15187,15188,15190,15192,15194,15196,15198],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15189,11376],{"class":125},[47,15191,9174],{"class":129},[47,15193,126],{"class":125},[47,15195,2760],{"class":61},[47,15197,965],{"class":65},[47,15199,11392],{"class":61},[47,15201,15202,15204,15207,15209,15211,15213,15215],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,15203,11376],{"class":125},[47,15205,15206],{"class":129},"course",[47,15208,126],{"class":125},[47,15210,2760],{"class":61},[47,15212,136],{"class":125},[47,15214,7171],{"class":129},[47,15216,3230],{"class":125},[47,15218,15219],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,15220,9184],{"class":61},[47,15222,15223],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,15224,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,15226,15227,15229,15231,15233],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,15228,167],{"class":166},[47,15230,170],{"class":61},[47,15232,13504],{"class":173},[47,15234,80],{"class":61},[14,15236,15237],{},[575,15238,215],{},[37,15240,15242],{"className":39,"code":15241,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[44,15243,15244],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15245,15246,15248,15250,15252,15254,15256,15258,15260,15262,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15278,15280,15282,15284,15286,15288,15290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15247,9153],{"class":61},[47,15249,256],{"class":125},[47,15251,7542],{"class":129},[47,15253,256],{"class":125},[47,15255,2760],{"class":61},[47,15257,265],{"class":125},[47,15259,12760],{"class":129},[47,15261,256],{"class":125},[47,15263,69],{"class":61},[47,15265,265],{"class":125},[47,15267,9174],{"class":129},[47,15269,256],{"class":125},[47,15271,2760],{"class":61},[47,15273,965],{"class":65},[47,15275,69],{"class":61},[47,15277,265],{"class":125},[47,15279,15206],{"class":129},[47,15281,256],{"class":125},[47,15283,2760],{"class":61},[47,15285,265],{"class":125},[47,15287,7171],{"class":129},[47,15289,256],{"class":125},[47,15291,9184],{"class":61},[773,15293,15295],{"id":15294},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[291,15297,15298,15303,15308,15311],{},[294,15299,1967,15300,15302],{},[44,15301,3665],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[294,15304,15305,15306],{},"Write each item as ",[44,15307,15154],{},[294,15309,15310],{},"Separate items with commas",[294,15312,15313],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15315,2083],{},[37,15317,15319],{"className":39,"code":15318,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[44,15320,15321,15330,15350,15366,15379,15383,15387],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15322,15323,15326,15328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15324,15325],{"class":53},"book ",[47,15327,58],{"class":57},[47,15329,11371],{"class":61},[47,15331,15332,15334,15337,15339,15341,15343,15346,15348],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15333,11376],{"class":125},[47,15335,15336],{"class":129},"title",[47,15338,126],{"class":125},[47,15340,2760],{"class":61},[47,15342,136],{"class":125},[47,15344,15345],{"class":129},"Python Basics",[47,15347,126],{"class":125},[47,15349,11392],{"class":61},[47,15351,15352,15354,15357,15359,15361,15364],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15353,11376],{"class":125},[47,15355,15356],{"class":129},"pages",[47,15358,126],{"class":125},[47,15360,2760],{"class":61},[47,15362,15363],{"class":65}," 150",[47,15365,11392],{"class":61},[47,15367,15368,15370,15373,15375,15377],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,15369,11376],{"class":125},[47,15371,15372],{"class":129},"available",[47,15374,126],{"class":125},[47,15376,2760],{"class":61},[47,15378,6297],{"class":412},[47,15380,15381],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,15382,9184],{"class":61},[47,15384,15385],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,15386,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,15388,15389,15391,15393,15396],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,15390,167],{"class":166},[47,15392,170],{"class":61},[47,15394,15395],{"class":173},"book",[47,15397,80],{"class":61},[14,15399,15400],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[32,15402,9278],{"id":9277},[14,15404,15405],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15407,15408],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[37,15410,15412],{"className":39,"code":15411,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[44,15413,15414,15422],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15415,15416,15418,15420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15417,392],{"class":53},[47,15419,58],{"class":57},[47,15421,9713],{"class":61},[47,15423,15424,15426,15428,15430],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15425,167],{"class":166},[47,15427,170],{"class":61},[47,15429,424],{"class":173},[47,15431,80],{"class":61},[37,15433,15434],{"className":39,"code":9281,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,15435,15436,15446],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15437,15438,15440,15442,15444],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15439,392],{"class":53},[47,15441,58],{"class":57},[47,15443,9048],{"class":118},[47,15445,241],{"class":61},[47,15447,15448,15450,15452,15454],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15449,167],{"class":166},[47,15451,170],{"class":61},[47,15453,424],{"class":173},[47,15455,80],{"class":61},[14,15457,15458],{},[575,15459,215],{},[37,15461,15462],{"className":39,"code":9310,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,15463,15464],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15465,15466],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15467,9310],{"class":61},[14,15469,15470],{},"Both are correct.",[773,15472,15474],{"id":15473},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15476,15477,15479,15480,15483],{},[44,15478,3665],{}," creates an empty ",[575,15481,15482],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15485,15486,15487,30],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[44,15488,3670],{},[37,15490,15492],{"className":39,"code":15491,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[44,15493,15494,15502,15514,15518,15532],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15495,15496,15498,15500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15497,11603],{"class":53},[47,15499,58],{"class":57},[47,15501,9713],{"class":61},[47,15503,15504,15507,15509,15512],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15505,15506],{"class":53},"my_set ",[47,15508,58],{"class":57},[47,15510,15511],{"class":118}," set",[47,15513,241],{"class":61},[47,15515,15516],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15517,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,15519,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,15521,167],{"class":166},[47,15523,170],{"class":61},[47,15525,499],{"class":118},[47,15527,170],{"class":61},[47,15529,11327],{"class":173},[47,15531,506],{"class":61},[47,15533,15534,15536,15538,15540,15542,15545],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,15535,167],{"class":166},[47,15537,170],{"class":61},[47,15539,499],{"class":118},[47,15541,170],{"class":61},[47,15543,15544],{"class":173},"my_set",[47,15546,506],{"class":61},[14,15548,15549],{},[575,15550,215],{},[37,15552,15554],{"className":39,"code":15553,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[44,15555,15556,15570],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15557,15558,15560,15562,15564,15566,15568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15559,522],{"class":57},[47,15561,526],{"class":525},[47,15563,265],{"class":125},[47,15565,8699],{"class":129},[47,15567,256],{"class":125},[47,15569,536],{"class":57},[47,15571,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15582],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15573,522],{"class":57},[47,15575,526],{"class":525},[47,15577,265],{"class":125},[47,15579,6161],{"class":129},[47,15581,256],{"class":125},[47,15583,536],{"class":57},[32,15585,15587,15588],{"id":15586},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[44,15589,8998],{},[14,15591,15592,15593,15595],{},"You can also use ",[44,15594,8998],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15597,15598],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[37,15600,15602],{"className":39,"code":15601,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[44,15603,15604,15644],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15605,15606,15608,15610,15612,15614,15616,15618,15620,15622,15624,15626,15628,15630,15633,15635,15638,15640,15642],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15607,12743],{"class":53},[47,15609,58],{"class":57},[47,15611,9048],{"class":118},[47,15613,170],{"class":61},[47,15615,7542],{"class":9053},[47,15617,58],{"class":57},[47,15619,126],{"class":125},[47,15621,12760],{"class":129},[47,15623,126],{"class":125},[47,15625,69],{"class":61},[47,15627,9066],{"class":9053},[47,15629,58],{"class":57},[47,15631,15632],{"class":65},"20",[47,15634,69],{"class":61},[47,15636,15637],{"class":9053}," active",[47,15639,58],{"class":57},[47,15641,3477],{"class":412},[47,15643,80],{"class":61},[47,15645,15646,15648,15650,15652],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15647,167],{"class":166},[47,15649,170],{"class":61},[47,15651,13504],{"class":173},[47,15653,80],{"class":61},[14,15655,15656],{},[575,15657,215],{},[37,15659,15661],{"className":39,"code":15660,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[44,15662,15663],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15664,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691,15693,15695,15697,15700,15702,15704,15706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15666,9153],{"class":61},[47,15668,256],{"class":125},[47,15670,7542],{"class":129},[47,15672,256],{"class":125},[47,15674,2760],{"class":61},[47,15676,265],{"class":125},[47,15678,12760],{"class":129},[47,15680,256],{"class":125},[47,15682,69],{"class":61},[47,15684,265],{"class":125},[47,15686,9174],{"class":129},[47,15688,256],{"class":125},[47,15690,2760],{"class":61},[47,15692,965],{"class":65},[47,15694,69],{"class":61},[47,15696,265],{"class":125},[47,15698,15699],{"class":129},"active",[47,15701,256],{"class":125},[47,15703,2760],{"class":61},[47,15705,413],{"class":412},[47,15707,9184],{"class":61},[14,15709,15710],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[773,15712,15714,15715],{"id":15713},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[44,15716,8998],{},[14,15718,15719],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[291,15721,15722,15725],{},[294,15723,15724],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[294,15726,15727],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,15729,6561],{},[37,15731,15733],{"className":39,"code":15732,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[44,15734,15735,15765],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15736,15737,15739,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761,15763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15738,11366],{"class":53},[47,15740,58],{"class":57},[47,15742,9048],{"class":118},[47,15744,170],{"class":61},[47,15746,7542],{"class":9053},[47,15748,58],{"class":57},[47,15750,126],{"class":125},[47,15752,7551],{"class":129},[47,15754,126],{"class":125},[47,15756,69],{"class":61},[47,15758,9066],{"class":9053},[47,15760,58],{"class":57},[47,15762,9071],{"class":65},[47,15764,80],{"class":61},[47,15766,15767,15769,15771,15773],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15768,167],{"class":166},[47,15770,170],{"class":61},[47,15772,11460],{"class":173},[47,15774,80],{"class":61},[14,15776,4503,15777,15779],{},[575,15778,577],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[37,15781,15783],{"className":39,"code":15782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[44,15784,15785],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15786,15787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15788,15782],{"class":1494},[14,15790,15791],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,15793,15794],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[37,15796,15798],{"className":39,"code":15797,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[44,15799,15800,15808,15824,15828,15832],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15801,15802,15804,15806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15803,11366],{"class":53},[47,15805,58],{"class":57},[47,15807,11371],{"class":61},[47,15809,15810,15812,15814,15816,15818,15820,15822],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15811,11376],{"class":125},[47,15813,10371],{"class":129},[47,15815,126],{"class":125},[47,15817,2760],{"class":61},[47,15819,136],{"class":125},[47,15821,7551],{"class":129},[47,15823,3230],{"class":125},[47,15825,15826],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15827,9184],{"class":61},[47,15829,15830],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,15831,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,15833,15834,15836,15838,15840],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,15835,167],{"class":166},[47,15837,170],{"class":61},[47,15839,11460],{"class":173},[47,15841,80],{"class":61},[32,15843,9320],{"id":9319},[14,15845,15846,15848],{},[44,15847,8998],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,15850,15851],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[37,15853,15855],{"className":39,"code":15854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[44,15856,15857,15914,15918,15932,15936],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15858,15859,15861,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879,15881,15883,15885,15887,15889,15891,15893,15895,15897,15899,15901,15903,15905,15907,15910,15912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15860,9092],{"class":53},[47,15862,58],{"class":57},[47,15864,9097],{"class":61},[47,15866,126],{"class":125},[47,15868,7542],{"class":129},[47,15870,126],{"class":125},[47,15872,69],{"class":61},[47,15874,136],{"class":125},[47,15876,12760],{"class":129},[47,15878,126],{"class":125},[47,15880,954],{"class":61},[47,15882,62],{"class":61},[47,15884,126],{"class":125},[47,15886,9174],{"class":129},[47,15888,126],{"class":125},[47,15890,69],{"class":61},[47,15892,965],{"class":65},[47,15894,954],{"class":61},[47,15896,62],{"class":61},[47,15898,126],{"class":125},[47,15900,10284],{"class":129},[47,15902,126],{"class":125},[47,15904,69],{"class":61},[47,15906,136],{"class":125},[47,15908,15909],{"class":129},"Lima",[47,15911,126],{"class":125},[47,15913,9124],{"class":61},[47,15915,15916],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15917,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,15919,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15921,12743],{"class":53},[47,15923,58],{"class":57},[47,15925,9048],{"class":118},[47,15927,170],{"class":61},[47,15929,9137],{"class":173},[47,15931,80],{"class":61},[47,15933,15934],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,15935,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,15937,15938,15940,15942,15944],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,15939,167],{"class":166},[47,15941,170],{"class":61},[47,15943,13504],{"class":173},[47,15945,80],{"class":61},[14,15947,15948],{},[575,15949,215],{},[37,15951,15953],{"className":39,"code":15952,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[44,15954,15955],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,15956,15957,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15971,15973,15975,15977,15979,15981,15983,15985,15987,15989,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999,16001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15958,9153],{"class":61},[47,15960,256],{"class":125},[47,15962,7542],{"class":129},[47,15964,256],{"class":125},[47,15966,2760],{"class":61},[47,15968,265],{"class":125},[47,15970,12760],{"class":129},[47,15972,256],{"class":125},[47,15974,69],{"class":61},[47,15976,265],{"class":125},[47,15978,9174],{"class":129},[47,15980,256],{"class":125},[47,15982,2760],{"class":61},[47,15984,965],{"class":65},[47,15986,69],{"class":61},[47,15988,265],{"class":125},[47,15990,10284],{"class":129},[47,15992,256],{"class":125},[47,15994,2760],{"class":61},[47,15996,265],{"class":125},[47,15998,15909],{"class":129},[47,16000,256],{"class":125},[47,16002,9184],{"class":61},[14,16004,16005],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[37,16007,16009],{"className":39,"code":16008,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[44,16010,16011,16052],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16012,16013,16015,16017,16019,16022,16024,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16048,16050],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16014,12743],{"class":53},[47,16016,58],{"class":57},[47,16018,9048],{"class":118},[47,16020,16021],{"class":61},"(((",[47,16023,126],{"class":125},[47,16025,7542],{"class":129},[47,16027,126],{"class":125},[47,16029,69],{"class":61},[47,16031,136],{"class":125},[47,16033,12760],{"class":129},[47,16035,126],{"class":125},[47,16037,954],{"class":61},[47,16039,62],{"class":61},[47,16041,126],{"class":125},[47,16043,9174],{"class":129},[47,16045,126],{"class":125},[47,16047,69],{"class":61},[47,16049,965],{"class":65},[47,16051,2788],{"class":61},[47,16053,16054,16056,16058,16060],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16055,167],{"class":166},[47,16057,170],{"class":61},[47,16059,13504],{"class":173},[47,16061,80],{"class":61},[14,16063,16064],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[32,16066,16068],{"id":16067},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16070,16071],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[291,16073,16074,16077,16080,16083],{},[294,16075,16076],{},"Keys must be unique",[294,16078,16079],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[294,16081,16082],{},"Values can repeat",[294,16084,16085],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[773,16087,16089],{"id":16088},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[37,16091,16093],{"className":39,"code":16092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[44,16094,16095,16103,16121,16138,16142,16146],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16096,16097,16099,16101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16098,392],{"class":53},[47,16100,58],{"class":57},[47,16102,11371],{"class":61},[47,16104,16105,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16106,11376],{"class":125},[47,16108,7542],{"class":129},[47,16110,126],{"class":125},[47,16112,2760],{"class":61},[47,16114,136],{"class":125},[47,16116,12760],{"class":129},[47,16118,126],{"class":125},[47,16120,11392],{"class":61},[47,16122,16123,16125,16127,16129,16131,16133,16136],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,16124,11376],{"class":125},[47,16126,7542],{"class":129},[47,16128,126],{"class":125},[47,16130,2760],{"class":61},[47,16132,136],{"class":125},[47,16134,16135],{"class":129},"Maria",[47,16137,3230],{"class":125},[47,16139,16140],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,16141,9184],{"class":61},[47,16143,16144],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,16145,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,16147,16148,16150,16152,16154],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,16149,167],{"class":166},[47,16151,170],{"class":61},[47,16153,424],{"class":173},[47,16155,80],{"class":61},[14,16157,16158],{},[575,16159,215],{},[37,16161,16163],{"className":39,"code":16162,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[44,16164,16165],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16166,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16168,9153],{"class":61},[47,16170,256],{"class":125},[47,16172,7542],{"class":129},[47,16174,256],{"class":125},[47,16176,2760],{"class":61},[47,16178,265],{"class":125},[47,16180,16135],{"class":129},[47,16182,256],{"class":125},[47,16184,9184],{"class":61},[14,16186,16187],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[773,16189,16191],{"id":16190},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[37,16193,16195],{"className":39,"code":16194,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[44,16196,16197,16205,16221,16237,16251,16255,16259],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16198,16199,16201,16203],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16200,4939],{"class":53},[47,16202,58],{"class":57},[47,16204,11371],{"class":61},[47,16206,16207,16210,16212,16214,16217,16219],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16208,16209],{"class":65},"    1",[47,16211,2760],{"class":61},[47,16213,136],{"class":125},[47,16215,16216],{"class":129},"low",[47,16218,126],{"class":125},[47,16220,11392],{"class":61},[47,16222,16223,16226,16228,16230,16233,16235],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,16224,16225],{"class":65},"    2",[47,16227,2760],{"class":61},[47,16229,136],{"class":125},[47,16231,16232],{"class":129},"medium",[47,16234,126],{"class":125},[47,16236,11392],{"class":61},[47,16238,16239,16242,16244,16246,16249],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,16240,16241],{"class":65},"    3",[47,16243,2760],{"class":61},[47,16245,136],{"class":125},[47,16247,16248],{"class":129},"high",[47,16250,3230],{"class":125},[47,16252,16253],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,16254,9184],{"class":61},[47,16256,16257],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,16258,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,16260,16261,16263,16265,16268],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,16262,167],{"class":166},[47,16264,170],{"class":61},[47,16266,16267],{"class":173},"scores",[47,16269,80],{"class":61},[773,16271,16273],{"id":16272},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16275,16276],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16278,16279],{},"This will cause an error:",[37,16281,16283],{"className":39,"code":16282,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[44,16284,16285,16290,16295],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16286,16287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16288,16289],{"class":1494},"# bad = {\n",[47,16291,16292],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16293,16294],{"class":1494},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[47,16296,16297],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,16298,16299],{"class":1494},"# }\n",[14,16301,16302],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[37,16304,16306],{"className":39,"code":16305,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[44,16307,16308,16317,16337,16341,16345],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16309,16310,16313,16315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16311,16312],{"class":53},"good ",[47,16314,58],{"class":57},[47,16316,11371],{"class":61},[47,16318,16319,16322,16324,16326,16328,16331,16333,16335],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16320,16321],{"class":61},"    (",[47,16323,66],{"class":65},[47,16325,69],{"class":61},[47,16327,72],{"class":65},[47,16329,16330],{"class":61},"):",[47,16332,136],{"class":125},[47,16334,174],{"class":129},[47,16336,3230],{"class":125},[47,16338,16339],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,16340,9184],{"class":61},[47,16342,16343],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,16344,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,16346,16347,16349,16351,16354],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,16348,167],{"class":166},[47,16350,170],{"class":61},[47,16352,16353],{"class":173},"good",[47,16355,80],{"class":61},[32,16357,16359],{"id":16358},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16361,16362],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16364,16365],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[291,16367,16368,16371,16373,16376],{},[294,16369,16370],{},"user data",[294,16372,13763],{},[294,16374,16375],{},"counters",[294,16377,16378],{},"lookups",[14,16380,2083],{},[37,16382,16384],{"className":39,"code":16383,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[44,16385,16386,16394,16413,16432,16444,16448,16452],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16387,16388,16390,16392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16389,11366],{"class":53},[47,16391,58],{"class":57},[47,16393,11371],{"class":61},[47,16395,16396,16398,16400,16402,16404,16406,16409,16411],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16397,11376],{"class":125},[47,16399,7860],{"class":129},[47,16401,126],{"class":125},[47,16403,2760],{"class":61},[47,16405,136],{"class":125},[47,16407,16408],{"class":129},"ana123",[47,16410,126],{"class":125},[47,16412,11392],{"class":61},[47,16414,16415,16417,16419,16421,16423,16425,16428,16430],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,16416,11376],{"class":125},[47,16418,15136],{"class":129},[47,16420,126],{"class":125},[47,16422,2760],{"class":61},[47,16424,136],{"class":125},[47,16426,16427],{"class":129},"ana@example.com",[47,16429,126],{"class":125},[47,16431,11392],{"class":61},[47,16433,16434,16436,16438,16440,16442],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,16435,11376],{"class":125},[47,16437,12394],{"class":129},[47,16439,126],{"class":125},[47,16441,2760],{"class":61},[47,16443,6297],{"class":412},[47,16445,16446],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,16447,9184],{"class":61},[47,16449,16450],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,16451,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,16453,16454,16456,16458,16460,16462,16464,16466,16468],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,16455,167],{"class":166},[47,16457,170],{"class":61},[47,16459,11460],{"class":173},[47,16461,3773],{"class":61},[47,16463,126],{"class":125},[47,16465,15136],{"class":129},[47,16467,126],{"class":125},[47,16469,153],{"class":61},[14,16471,16472,16473,30],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[21,16474,16476],{"href":16475},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16478,16479],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[291,16481,16482,16485,16488],{},[294,16483,16484],{},"labels are not needed",[294,16486,16487],{},"you mostly care about position",[294,16489,16490],{},"order matters more than named fields",[32,16492,1284],{"id":1283},[14,16494,16495],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[291,16497,16498,16501,16504,16507,16510],{},[294,16499,16500],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[294,16502,16503],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[294,16505,16506],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[294,16508,16509],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[294,16511,16512,16513,16515],{},"Mixing up ",[44,16514,3665],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[773,16517,16519],{"id":16518},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16521,744],{},[37,16523,16525],{"className":39,"code":16524,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[44,16526,16527],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16528,16529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16530,16524],{"class":1494},[14,16532,724],{},[37,16534,16536],{"className":39,"code":16535,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[44,16537,16538,16562],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16539,16540,16542,16544,16546,16548,16550,16552,16554,16556,16558,16560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16541,12743],{"class":53},[47,16543,58],{"class":57},[47,16545,10366],{"class":61},[47,16547,126],{"class":125},[47,16549,7542],{"class":129},[47,16551,126],{"class":125},[47,16553,2760],{"class":61},[47,16555,136],{"class":125},[47,16557,12760],{"class":129},[47,16559,126],{"class":125},[47,16561,9184],{"class":61},[47,16563,16564,16566,16568,16570],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16565,167],{"class":166},[47,16567,170],{"class":61},[47,16569,13504],{"class":173},[47,16571,80],{"class":61},[773,16573,16575],{"id":16574},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16577,744],{},[37,16579,16581],{"className":39,"code":16580,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[44,16582,16583],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16584,16585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16586,16580],{"class":1494},[14,16588,16589,16590,16592,16593,16595],{},"This only works if ",[44,16591,7542],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[44,16594,15117],{},", use quotes.",[14,16597,724],{},[37,16599,16600],{"className":39,"code":16535,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,16601,16602,16626],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16603,16604,16606,16608,16610,16612,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16605,12743],{"class":53},[47,16607,58],{"class":57},[47,16609,10366],{"class":61},[47,16611,126],{"class":125},[47,16613,7542],{"class":129},[47,16615,126],{"class":125},[47,16617,2760],{"class":61},[47,16619,136],{"class":125},[47,16621,12760],{"class":129},[47,16623,126],{"class":125},[47,16625,9184],{"class":61},[47,16627,16628,16630,16632,16634],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16629,167],{"class":166},[47,16631,170],{"class":61},[47,16633,13504],{"class":173},[47,16635,80],{"class":61},[773,16637,16639],{"id":16638},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[37,16641,16643],{"className":39,"code":16642,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[44,16644,16645,16677],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16646,16647,16649,16651,16653,16655,16657,16659,16661,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673,16675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16648,392],{"class":53},[47,16650,58],{"class":57},[47,16652,10366],{"class":61},[47,16654,126],{"class":125},[47,16656,9174],{"class":129},[47,16658,126],{"class":125},[47,16660,2760],{"class":61},[47,16662,965],{"class":65},[47,16664,69],{"class":61},[47,16666,136],{"class":125},[47,16668,9174],{"class":129},[47,16670,126],{"class":125},[47,16672,2760],{"class":61},[47,16674,7669],{"class":65},[47,16676,9184],{"class":61},[47,16678,16679,16681,16683,16685],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16680,167],{"class":166},[47,16682,170],{"class":61},[47,16684,424],{"class":173},[47,16686,80],{"class":61},[14,16688,16689],{},[575,16690,215],{},[37,16692,16694],{"className":39,"code":16693,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'age': 30}\n",[44,16695,16696],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16697,16698,16700,16702,16704,16706,16708,16710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16699,9153],{"class":61},[47,16701,256],{"class":125},[47,16703,9174],{"class":129},[47,16705,256],{"class":125},[47,16707,2760],{"class":61},[47,16709,7669],{"class":65},[47,16711,9184],{"class":61},[32,16713,16715],{"id":16714},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16717,16718],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[37,16720,16722],{"className":39,"code":16721,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[44,16723,16724,16760,16764,16774,16788,16803,16817],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16725,16726,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16742,16744,16746,16748,16750,16752,16754,16756,16758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16727,11603],{"class":53},[47,16729,58],{"class":57},[47,16731,10366],{"class":61},[47,16733,126],{"class":125},[47,16735,7542],{"class":129},[47,16737,126],{"class":125},[47,16739,2760],{"class":61},[47,16741,136],{"class":125},[47,16743,12760],{"class":129},[47,16745,126],{"class":125},[47,16747,69],{"class":61},[47,16749,136],{"class":125},[47,16751,9174],{"class":129},[47,16753,126],{"class":125},[47,16755,2760],{"class":61},[47,16757,965],{"class":65},[47,16759,9184],{"class":61},[47,16761,16762],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16763,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,16765,16766,16768,16770,16772],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,16767,167],{"class":166},[47,16769,170],{"class":61},[47,16771,11327],{"class":173},[47,16773,80],{"class":61},[47,16775,16776,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,16777,167],{"class":166},[47,16779,170],{"class":61},[47,16781,499],{"class":118},[47,16783,170],{"class":61},[47,16785,11327],{"class":173},[47,16787,506],{"class":61},[47,16789,16790,16792,16794,16796,16798,16801],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,16791,167],{"class":166},[47,16793,170],{"class":61},[47,16795,11327],{"class":173},[47,16797,30],{"class":61},[47,16799,16800],{"class":173},"keys",[47,16802,7068],{"class":61},[47,16804,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,16806,167],{"class":166},[47,16808,170],{"class":61},[47,16810,11327],{"class":173},[47,16812,30],{"class":61},[47,16814,1221],{"class":173},[47,16816,7068],{"class":61},[47,16818,16819,16821,16823,16825,16827,16829],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,16820,167],{"class":166},[47,16822,170],{"class":61},[47,16824,1698],{"class":166},[47,16826,170],{"class":61},[47,16828,11327],{"class":173},[47,16830,506],{"class":61},[14,16832,16833],{},[575,16834,16835],{},"Example output:",[37,16837,16839],{"className":39,"code":16838,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[44,16840,16841,16873,16887,16910,16929],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,16842,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16844,9153],{"class":61},[47,16846,256],{"class":125},[47,16848,7542],{"class":129},[47,16850,256],{"class":125},[47,16852,2760],{"class":61},[47,16854,265],{"class":125},[47,16856,12760],{"class":129},[47,16858,256],{"class":125},[47,16860,69],{"class":61},[47,16862,265],{"class":125},[47,16864,9174],{"class":129},[47,16866,256],{"class":125},[47,16868,2760],{"class":61},[47,16870,965],{"class":65},[47,16872,9184],{"class":61},[47,16874,16875,16877,16879,16881,16883,16885],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16876,522],{"class":57},[47,16878,526],{"class":525},[47,16880,265],{"class":125},[47,16882,8699],{"class":129},[47,16884,256],{"class":125},[47,16886,536],{"class":57},[47,16888,16889,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,16890,16891],{"class":173},"dict_keys",[47,16893,122],{"class":61},[47,16895,256],{"class":125},[47,16897,7542],{"class":129},[47,16899,256],{"class":125},[47,16901,69],{"class":61},[47,16903,265],{"class":125},[47,16905,9174],{"class":129},[47,16907,256],{"class":125},[47,16909,153],{"class":61},[47,16911,16912,16915,16917,16919,16921,16923,16925,16927],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,16913,16914],{"class":173},"dict_values",[47,16916,122],{"class":61},[47,16918,256],{"class":125},[47,16920,12760],{"class":129},[47,16922,256],{"class":125},[47,16924,69],{"class":61},[47,16926,965],{"class":65},[47,16928,153],{"class":61},[47,16930,16931],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,16932,16933],{"class":65},"2\n",[14,16935,16936,16937,2064,16943,16949,16950,30],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[21,16938,10613,16940],{"href":16939},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[44,16941,16942],{},"keys()",[21,16944,10613,16946],{"href":16945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[44,16947,16948],{},"values()",", and ",[21,16951,10613,16953],{"href":16952},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[44,16954,16955],{},"items()",[32,16957,1708],{"id":1707},[773,16959,16961],{"id":16960},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,16963,1967,16964,25,16966,16968],{},[44,16965,3665],{},[44,16967,8998],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[773,16970,16972],{"id":16971},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,16974,16975,16976,30],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[44,16977,16978],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[773,16980,16982],{"id":16981},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,16984,16985],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[773,16987,16989],{"id":16988},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,16991,16992],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[773,16994,5054,16996,4267,16998,2368],{"id":16995},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[44,16997,3665],{},[44,16999,8998],{},[14,17001,17002,17004,17005,17007],{},[44,17003,3665],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[44,17006,8998],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[32,17009,1758],{"id":1757},[291,17011,17012,17016,17022,17026,17032],{},[294,17013,17014],{},[21,17015,9034],{"href":9033},[294,17017,17018],{},[21,17019,10613,17020,10617],{"href":10612},[44,17021,10616],{},[294,17023,17024],{},[21,17025,11128],{"href":10607},[294,17027,17028],{},[21,17029,17031],{"href":17030},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[294,17033,17034],{},[21,17035,11139],{"href":10951},[14,17037,17038],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1796,17040,17041],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":17043},[17044,17045,17046,17047,17050,17053,17058,17059,17064,17065,17070,17071,17079],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":288,"depth":83,"text":289},{"id":15057,"depth":83,"text":15045},{"id":15142,"depth":83,"text":15143,"children":17048},[17049],{"id":15294,"depth":94,"text":15295},{"id":9277,"depth":83,"text":9278,"children":17051},[17052],{"id":15473,"depth":94,"text":15474},{"id":15586,"depth":83,"text":17054,"children":17055},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17056],{"id":15713,"depth":94,"text":17057},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9319,"depth":83,"text":9320},{"id":16067,"depth":83,"text":16068,"children":17060},[17061,17062,17063],{"id":16088,"depth":94,"text":16089},{"id":16190,"depth":94,"text":16191},{"id":16272,"depth":94,"text":16273},{"id":16358,"depth":83,"text":16359},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":17066},[17067,17068,17069],{"id":16518,"depth":94,"text":16519},{"id":16574,"depth":94,"text":16575},{"id":16638,"depth":94,"text":16639},{"id":16714,"depth":83,"text":16715},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":17072},[17073,17074,17075,17076,17077],{"id":16960,"depth":94,"text":16961},{"id":16971,"depth":94,"text":16972},{"id":16981,"depth":94,"text":16982},{"id":16988,"depth":94,"text":16989},{"id":16995,"depth":94,"text":17078},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14884,"description":17080},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17086,"title":17087,"body":17088,"description":19537,"extension":1837,"meta":19538,"navigation":159,"path":19539,"seo":19540,"stem":19541,"__hash__":19542},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17089,"toc":19493},[17090,17096,17102,17105,17108,17110,17192,17198,17203,17207,17225,17237,17242,17246,17269,17273,17285,17293,17297,17303,17305,17308,17381,17383,17428,17430,17447,17452,17458,17463,17537,17539,17584,17587,17598,17600,17719,17721,17774,17781,17785,17788,17805,17811,17815,17913,17915,17967,17974,17978,17984,17987,17990,18017,18022,18026,18029,18133,18135,18180,18183,18186,18191,18196,18207,18209,18270,18330,18336,18344,18350,18355,18360,18420,18424,18491,18494,18498,18569,18572,18585,18592,18594,18598,18602,18673,18675,18712,18715,18718,18781,18788,18791,18833,18843,18846,18915,18921,18926,19010,19012,19061,19068,19074,19119,19121,19154,19159,19163,19169,19208,19252,19320,19363,19365,19371,19374,19378,19383,19387,19390,19394,19396,19457,19459,19485,19490],[10,17091,11195,17093,11199],{"id":17092},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[44,17094,17095],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17097,17098,17101],{},[44,17099,17100],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17103,17104],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17106,17107],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[32,17109,35],{"id":34},[37,17111,17113],{"className":39,"code":17112,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[44,17114,17115,17148,17176,17187],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,17116,17117,17120,17122,17124,17126,17128,17130,17132,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17118,17119],{"class":53},"keys ",[47,17121,58],{"class":57},[47,17123,957],{"class":61},[47,17125,126],{"class":125},[47,17127,7542],{"class":129},[47,17129,126],{"class":125},[47,17131,69],{"class":61},[47,17133,136],{"class":125},[47,17135,9174],{"class":129},[47,17137,126],{"class":125},[47,17139,69],{"class":61},[47,17141,136],{"class":125},[47,17143,10284],{"class":129},[47,17145,126],{"class":125},[47,17147,1402],{"class":61},[47,17149,17150,17152,17154,17156,17158,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169,17172,17174],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,17151,13082],{"class":53},[47,17153,58],{"class":57},[47,17155,9048],{"class":118},[47,17157,30],{"class":61},[47,17159,17160],{"class":173},"fromkeys",[47,17162,170],{"class":61},[47,17164,16800],{"class":173},[47,17166,69],{"class":61},[47,17168,136],{"class":125},[47,17170,17171],{"class":129},"unknown",[47,17173,126],{"class":125},[47,17175,80],{"class":61},[47,17177,17178,17180,17182,17185],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,17179,167],{"class":166},[47,17181,170],{"class":61},[47,17183,17184],{"class":173},"person",[47,17186,80],{"class":61},[47,17188,17189],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,17190,17191],{"class":1494},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17193,1967,17194,17197],{},[44,17195,17196],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[32,17199,3550,17201,3553],{"id":17200},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[44,17202,17100],{},[14,17204,17205,2760],{},[44,17206,17100],{},[291,17208,17209,17212,17215,17218],{},[294,17210,17211],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[294,17213,17214],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[294,17216,17217],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[294,17219,17220,17221,17224],{},"Is called as ",[44,17222,17223],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17226,17227,17228,17230,17231,17233,17234,30],{},"This is a class method on ",[44,17229,8699],{},", so you write ",[44,17232,17223],{}," instead of something like ",[44,17235,17236],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17238,17239,17240,30],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[21,17241,9034],{"href":12903},[32,17243,17245],{"id":17244},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[37,17247,17249],{"className":39,"code":17248,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[44,17250,17251],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,17252,17253,17255,17257,17259,17261,17263,17265,17267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17254,8699],{"class":118},[47,17256,30],{"class":61},[47,17258,17160],{"class":173},[47,17260,170],{"class":61},[47,17262,3594],{"class":173},[47,17264,69],{"class":61},[47,17266,8310],{"class":173},[47,17268,80],{"class":61},[773,17270,17272],{"id":17271},"parameters","Parameters",[291,17274,17275,17280],{},[294,17276,17277,17279],{},[44,17278,3594],{},": the keys to use",[294,17281,17282,17284],{},[44,17283,605],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17286,17287,17288,17290,17291,30],{},"If you leave out ",[44,17289,605],{},", each key gets ",[44,17292,3652],{},[773,17294,17296],{"id":17295},"return-value","Return value",[14,17298,17299,17300,30],{},"It returns a ",[575,17301,17302],{},"new dictionary",[32,17304,5661],{"id":5660},[14,17306,17307],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[37,17309,17311],{"className":39,"code":17310,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[44,17312,17313,17345,17367,17371],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,17314,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337,17339,17341,17343],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17316,17119],{"class":53},[47,17318,58],{"class":57},[47,17320,957],{"class":61},[47,17322,126],{"class":125},[47,17324,832],{"class":129},[47,17326,126],{"class":125},[47,17328,69],{"class":61},[47,17330,136],{"class":125},[47,17332,841],{"class":129},[47,17334,126],{"class":125},[47,17336,69],{"class":61},[47,17338,136],{"class":125},[47,17340,850],{"class":129},[47,17342,126],{"class":125},[47,17344,1402],{"class":61},[47,17346,17347,17349,17351,17353,17355,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,17348,823],{"class":53},[47,17350,58],{"class":57},[47,17352,9048],{"class":118},[47,17354,30],{"class":61},[47,17356,17160],{"class":173},[47,17358,170],{"class":61},[47,17360,16800],{"class":173},[47,17362,69],{"class":61},[47,17364,3706],{"class":65},[47,17366,80],{"class":61},[47,17368,17369],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,17370,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,17372,17373,17375,17377,17379],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,17374,167],{"class":166},[47,17376,170],{"class":61},[47,17378,863],{"class":173},[47,17380,80],{"class":61},[14,17382,215],{},[37,17384,17386],{"className":39,"code":17385,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[44,17387,17388],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,17389,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420,17422,17424,17426],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17391,9153],{"class":61},[47,17393,256],{"class":125},[47,17395,832],{"class":129},[47,17397,256],{"class":125},[47,17399,2760],{"class":61},[47,17401,3706],{"class":65},[47,17403,69],{"class":61},[47,17405,265],{"class":125},[47,17407,841],{"class":129},[47,17409,256],{"class":125},[47,17411,2760],{"class":61},[47,17413,3706],{"class":65},[47,17415,69],{"class":61},[47,17417,265],{"class":125},[47,17419,850],{"class":129},[47,17421,256],{"class":125},[47,17423,2760],{"class":61},[47,17425,3706],{"class":65},[47,17427,9184],{"class":61},[14,17429,11562],{},[291,17431,17432,17437,17442],{},[294,17433,17434,17436],{},[44,17435,16800],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[294,17438,17439,17441],{},[44,17440,1237],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[294,17443,17444,17446],{},[44,17445,17100],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17448,17449,17450,30],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[21,17451,9267],{"href":12906},[32,17453,8294,17455,17457],{"id":17454},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[44,17456,17095],{}," without a value",[14,17459,17460,17461,30],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[44,17462,3652],{},[37,17464,17466],{"className":39,"code":17465,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[44,17467,17468,17502,17522,17526],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,17469,17470,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17498,17500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17471,17472],{"class":53},"fields ",[47,17474,58],{"class":57},[47,17476,957],{"class":61},[47,17478,126],{"class":125},[47,17480,7860],{"class":129},[47,17482,126],{"class":125},[47,17484,69],{"class":61},[47,17486,136],{"class":125},[47,17488,15136],{"class":129},[47,17490,126],{"class":125},[47,17492,69],{"class":61},[47,17494,136],{"class":125},[47,17496,17497],{"class":129},"password",[47,17499,126],{"class":125},[47,17501,1402],{"class":61},[47,17503,17504,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17520],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,17505,17506],{"class":53},"user_data ",[47,17508,58],{"class":57},[47,17510,9048],{"class":118},[47,17512,30],{"class":61},[47,17514,17160],{"class":173},[47,17516,170],{"class":61},[47,17518,17519],{"class":173},"fields",[47,17521,80],{"class":61},[47,17523,17524],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,17525,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,17527,17528,17530,17532,17535],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,17529,167],{"class":166},[47,17531,170],{"class":61},[47,17533,17534],{"class":173},"user_data",[47,17536,80],{"class":61},[14,17538,215],{},[37,17540,17542],{"className":39,"code":17541,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[44,17543,17544],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,17545,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17547,9153],{"class":61},[47,17549,256],{"class":125},[47,17551,7860],{"class":129},[47,17553,256],{"class":125},[47,17555,2760],{"class":61},[47,17557,3725],{"class":412},[47,17559,69],{"class":61},[47,17561,265],{"class":125},[47,17563,15136],{"class":129},[47,17565,256],{"class":125},[47,17567,2760],{"class":61},[47,17569,3725],{"class":412},[47,17571,69],{"class":61},[47,17573,265],{"class":125},[47,17575,17497],{"class":129},[47,17577,256],{"class":125},[47,17579,2760],{"class":61},[47,17581,3725],{"class":412},[47,17583,9184],{"class":61},[14,17585,17586],{},"This is useful when:",[291,17588,17589,17592,17595],{},[294,17590,17591],{},"You want to create the keys first",[294,17593,17594],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[294,17596,17597],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17599,2083],{},[37,17601,17603],{"className":39,"code":17602,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[44,17604,17605,17637,17655,17659,17682,17705,17709],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,17606,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17608,17472],{"class":53},[47,17610,58],{"class":57},[47,17612,957],{"class":61},[47,17614,126],{"class":125},[47,17616,7860],{"class":129},[47,17618,126],{"class":125},[47,17620,69],{"class":61},[47,17622,136],{"class":125},[47,17624,15136],{"class":129},[47,17626,126],{"class":125},[47,17628,69],{"class":61},[47,17630,136],{"class":125},[47,17632,17497],{"class":129},[47,17634,126],{"class":125},[47,17636,1402],{"class":61},[47,17638,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,17640,17506],{"class":53},[47,17642,58],{"class":57},[47,17644,9048],{"class":118},[47,17646,30],{"class":61},[47,17648,17160],{"class":173},[47,17650,170],{"class":61},[47,17652,17519],{"class":173},[47,17654,80],{"class":61},[47,17656,17657],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,17658,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,17660,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17680],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,17662,17534],{"class":53},[47,17664,3773],{"class":61},[47,17666,126],{"class":125},[47,17668,7860],{"class":129},[47,17670,126],{"class":125},[47,17672,13151],{"class":61},[47,17674,13154],{"class":57},[47,17676,136],{"class":125},[47,17678,17679],{"class":129},"alice",[47,17681,3230],{"class":125},[47,17683,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698,17700,17703],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,17685,17534],{"class":53},[47,17687,3773],{"class":61},[47,17689,126],{"class":125},[47,17691,15136],{"class":129},[47,17693,126],{"class":125},[47,17695,13151],{"class":61},[47,17697,13154],{"class":57},[47,17699,136],{"class":125},[47,17701,17702],{"class":129},"alice@example.com",[47,17704,3230],{"class":125},[47,17706,17707],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,17708,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,17710,17711,17713,17715,17717],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,17712,167],{"class":166},[47,17714,170],{"class":61},[47,17716,17534],{"class":173},[47,17718,80],{"class":61},[14,17720,215],{},[37,17722,17724],{"className":39,"code":17723,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[44,17725,17726],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,17727,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17729,9153],{"class":61},[47,17731,256],{"class":125},[47,17733,7860],{"class":129},[47,17735,256],{"class":125},[47,17737,2760],{"class":61},[47,17739,265],{"class":125},[47,17741,17679],{"class":129},[47,17743,256],{"class":125},[47,17745,69],{"class":61},[47,17747,265],{"class":125},[47,17749,15136],{"class":129},[47,17751,256],{"class":125},[47,17753,2760],{"class":61},[47,17755,265],{"class":125},[47,17757,17702],{"class":129},[47,17759,256],{"class":125},[47,17761,69],{"class":61},[47,17763,265],{"class":125},[47,17765,17497],{"class":129},[47,17767,256],{"class":125},[47,17769,2760],{"class":61},[47,17771,3725],{"class":412},[47,17773,9184],{"class":61},[14,17775,17776,17777,30],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[21,17778,17780],{"href":17779},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[32,17782,17784],{"id":17783},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,17786,17787],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[291,17789,17790,17795,17800],{},[294,17791,17792,17794],{},[44,17793,556],{}," (list)",[294,17796,17797,17799],{},[44,17798,3665],{}," (dictionary)",[294,17801,17802,17804],{},[44,17803,3670],{}," (set)",[14,17806,17807,17808,30],{},"All keys will point to the ",[575,17809,17810],{},"same object",[773,17812,17814],{"id":17813},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[37,17816,17818],{"className":39,"code":17817,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[44,17819,17820,17852,17873,17877,17899,17903],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,17821,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17823,17119],{"class":53},[47,17825,58],{"class":57},[47,17827,957],{"class":61},[47,17829,126],{"class":125},[47,17831,21],{"class":129},[47,17833,126],{"class":125},[47,17835,69],{"class":61},[47,17837,136],{"class":125},[47,17839,139],{"class":129},[47,17841,126],{"class":125},[47,17843,69],{"class":61},[47,17845,136],{"class":125},[47,17847,148],{"class":129},[47,17849,126],{"class":125},[47,17851,1402],{"class":61},[47,17853,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,17855,392],{"class":53},[47,17857,58],{"class":57},[47,17859,9048],{"class":118},[47,17861,30],{"class":61},[47,17863,17160],{"class":173},[47,17865,170],{"class":61},[47,17867,16800],{"class":173},[47,17869,69],{"class":61},[47,17871,17872],{"class":61}," [])\n",[47,17874,17875],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,17876,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,17878,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,17880,424],{"class":53},[47,17882,3773],{"class":61},[47,17884,126],{"class":125},[47,17886,21],{"class":129},[47,17888,126],{"class":125},[47,17890,13428],{"class":61},[47,17892,13431],{"class":173},[47,17894,170],{"class":61},[47,17896,66],{"class":65},[47,17898,80],{"class":61},[47,17900,17901],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,17902,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,17904,17905,17907,17909,17911],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,17906,167],{"class":166},[47,17908,170],{"class":61},[47,17910,424],{"class":173},[47,17912,80],{"class":61},[14,17914,215],{},[37,17916,17918],{"className":39,"code":17917,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[44,17919,17920],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,17921,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17923,9153],{"class":61},[47,17925,256],{"class":125},[47,17927,21],{"class":129},[47,17929,256],{"class":125},[47,17931,2760],{"class":61},[47,17933,957],{"class":61},[47,17935,66],{"class":65},[47,17937,17938],{"class":61},"],",[47,17940,265],{"class":125},[47,17942,139],{"class":129},[47,17944,256],{"class":125},[47,17946,2760],{"class":61},[47,17948,957],{"class":61},[47,17950,66],{"class":65},[47,17952,17938],{"class":61},[47,17954,265],{"class":125},[47,17956,148],{"class":129},[47,17958,256],{"class":125},[47,17960,2760],{"class":61},[47,17962,957],{"class":61},[47,17964,66],{"class":65},[47,17966,13584],{"class":61},[14,17968,17969,17970,17973],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[44,17971,17972],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[773,17975,17977],{"id":17976},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,17979,17980,17983],{},[44,17981,17982],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,17985,17986],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,17988,17989],{},"So this:",[37,17991,17993],{"className":39,"code":17992,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[44,17994,17995],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,17996,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17998,424],{"class":53},[47,18000,3773],{"class":61},[47,18002,126],{"class":125},[47,18004,21],{"class":129},[47,18006,126],{"class":125},[47,18008,13428],{"class":61},[47,18010,13431],{"class":173},[47,18012,170],{"class":61},[47,18014,66],{"class":65},[47,18016,80],{"class":61},[14,18018,18019,18020,30],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[44,18021,17972],{},[773,18023,18025],{"id":18024},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18027,18028],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[37,18030,18032],{"className":39,"code":18031,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[44,18033,18034,18066,18093,18097,18119,18123],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18035,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18037,17119],{"class":53},[47,18039,58],{"class":57},[47,18041,957],{"class":61},[47,18043,126],{"class":125},[47,18045,21],{"class":129},[47,18047,126],{"class":125},[47,18049,69],{"class":61},[47,18051,136],{"class":125},[47,18053,139],{"class":129},[47,18055,126],{"class":125},[47,18057,69],{"class":61},[47,18059,136],{"class":125},[47,18061,148],{"class":129},[47,18063,126],{"class":125},[47,18065,1402],{"class":61},[47,18067,18068,18070,18072,18074,18076,18078,18081,18083,18086,18088,18091],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18069,392],{"class":53},[47,18071,58],{"class":57},[47,18073,10366],{"class":61},[47,18075,14720],{"class":53},[47,18077,2760],{"class":61},[47,18079,18080],{"class":61}," []",[47,18082,3750],{"class":3749},[47,18084,18085],{"class":53}," key ",[47,18087,3756],{"class":3749},[47,18089,18090],{"class":53}," keys",[47,18092,9184],{"class":61},[47,18094,18095],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18096,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,18098,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,18100,424],{"class":53},[47,18102,3773],{"class":61},[47,18104,126],{"class":125},[47,18106,21],{"class":129},[47,18108,126],{"class":125},[47,18110,13428],{"class":61},[47,18112,13431],{"class":173},[47,18114,170],{"class":61},[47,18116,66],{"class":65},[47,18118,80],{"class":61},[47,18120,18121],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,18122,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,18124,18125,18127,18129,18131],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,18126,167],{"class":166},[47,18128,170],{"class":61},[47,18130,424],{"class":173},[47,18132,80],{"class":61},[14,18134,215],{},[37,18136,18138],{"className":39,"code":18137,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[44,18139,18140],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18141,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18169,18171,18173,18175,18177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18143,9153],{"class":61},[47,18145,256],{"class":125},[47,18147,21],{"class":129},[47,18149,256],{"class":125},[47,18151,2760],{"class":61},[47,18153,957],{"class":61},[47,18155,66],{"class":65},[47,18157,17938],{"class":61},[47,18159,265],{"class":125},[47,18161,139],{"class":129},[47,18163,256],{"class":125},[47,18165,2760],{"class":61},[47,18167,18168],{"class":61}," [],",[47,18170,265],{"class":125},[47,18172,148],{"class":129},[47,18174,256],{"class":125},[47,18176,2760],{"class":61},[47,18178,18179],{"class":61}," []}\n",[14,18181,18182],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18184,18185],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[32,18187,4836,18189],{"id":18188},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[44,18190,17095],{},[14,18192,18193,18195],{},[44,18194,17100],{}," is a good choice when:",[291,18197,18198,18201,18204],{},[294,18199,18200],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[294,18202,18203],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[294,18205,18206],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18208,2000],{},[37,18210,18212],{"className":39,"code":18211,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[44,18213,18214,18259],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18215,18216,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18251,18253,18255,18257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18217,18218],{"class":53},"flags ",[47,18220,58],{"class":57},[47,18222,9048],{"class":118},[47,18224,30],{"class":61},[47,18226,17160],{"class":173},[47,18228,122],{"class":61},[47,18230,126],{"class":125},[47,18232,18233],{"class":129},"is_admin",[47,18235,126],{"class":125},[47,18237,69],{"class":61},[47,18239,136],{"class":125},[47,18241,14958],{"class":129},[47,18243,126],{"class":125},[47,18245,69],{"class":61},[47,18247,136],{"class":125},[47,18249,18250],{"class":129},"is_verified",[47,18252,126],{"class":125},[47,18254,17938],{"class":61},[47,18256,3780],{"class":412},[47,18258,80],{"class":61},[47,18260,18261,18263,18265,18268],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18262,167],{"class":166},[47,18264,170],{"class":61},[47,18266,18267],{"class":173},"flags",[47,18269,80],{"class":61},[37,18271,18273],{"className":39,"code":18272,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[44,18274,18275,18320],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18276,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18294,18296,18298,18300,18303,18305,18307,18309,18312,18314,18316,18318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18278,4939],{"class":53},[47,18280,58],{"class":57},[47,18282,9048],{"class":118},[47,18284,30],{"class":61},[47,18286,17160],{"class":173},[47,18288,122],{"class":61},[47,18290,126],{"class":125},[47,18292,18293],{"class":129},"math",[47,18295,126],{"class":125},[47,18297,69],{"class":61},[47,18299,136],{"class":125},[47,18301,18302],{"class":129},"science",[47,18304,126],{"class":125},[47,18306,69],{"class":61},[47,18308,136],{"class":125},[47,18310,18311],{"class":129},"history",[47,18313,126],{"class":125},[47,18315,17938],{"class":61},[47,18317,3706],{"class":65},[47,18319,80],{"class":61},[47,18321,18322,18324,18326,18328],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18323,167],{"class":166},[47,18325,170],{"class":61},[47,18327,16267],{"class":173},[47,18329,80],{"class":61},[14,18331,18332,18333,18335],{},"It is ",[575,18334,577],{}," the best choice when:",[291,18337,18338,18341],{},[294,18339,18340],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[294,18342,18343],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[32,18345,18347,18349],{"id":18346},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[44,18348,17095],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18351,18352,18354],{},[44,18353,17095],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[773,18356,8294,18358],{"id":18357},"using-fromkeys",[44,18359,17095],{},[37,18361,18363],{"className":39,"code":18362,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[44,18364,18365,18410],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18366,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381,18384,18386,18388,18390,18393,18395,18397,18399,18402,18404,18406,18408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18368,13704],{"class":53},[47,18370,58],{"class":57},[47,18372,9048],{"class":118},[47,18374,30],{"class":61},[47,18376,17160],{"class":173},[47,18378,122],{"class":61},[47,18380,126],{"class":125},[47,18382,18383],{"class":129},"sound",[47,18385,126],{"class":125},[47,18387,69],{"class":61},[47,18389,136],{"class":125},[47,18391,18392],{"class":129},"music",[47,18394,126],{"class":125},[47,18396,69],{"class":61},[47,18398,136],{"class":125},[47,18400,18401],{"class":129},"notifications",[47,18403,126],{"class":125},[47,18405,17938],{"class":61},[47,18407,413],{"class":412},[47,18409,80],{"class":61},[47,18411,18412,18414,18416,18418],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18413,167],{"class":166},[47,18415,170],{"class":61},[47,18417,13763],{"class":173},[47,18419,80],{"class":61},[773,18421,18423],{"id":18422},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[37,18425,18427],{"className":39,"code":18426,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[44,18428,18429,18437,18451,18465,18477,18481],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18430,18431,18433,18435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18432,13704],{"class":53},[47,18434,58],{"class":57},[47,18436,11371],{"class":61},[47,18438,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18440,11376],{"class":125},[47,18442,18383],{"class":129},[47,18444,126],{"class":125},[47,18446,2760],{"class":61},[47,18448,413],{"class":412},[47,18450,11392],{"class":61},[47,18452,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18454,11376],{"class":125},[47,18456,18392],{"class":129},[47,18458,126],{"class":125},[47,18460,2760],{"class":61},[47,18462,3780],{"class":412},[47,18464,11392],{"class":61},[47,18466,18467,18469,18471,18473,18475],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,18468,11376],{"class":125},[47,18470,18401],{"class":129},[47,18472,126],{"class":125},[47,18474,2760],{"class":61},[47,18476,6297],{"class":412},[47,18478,18479],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,18480,9184],{"class":61},[47,18482,18483,18485,18487,18489],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,18484,167],{"class":166},[47,18486,170],{"class":61},[47,18488,13763],{"class":173},[47,18490,80],{"class":61},[14,18492,18493],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[773,18495,18497],{"id":18496},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[37,18499,18501],{"className":39,"code":18500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[44,18502,18503,18535,18559],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18504,18505,18507,18509,18511,18513,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18506,17119],{"class":53},[47,18508,58],{"class":57},[47,18510,957],{"class":61},[47,18512,126],{"class":125},[47,18514,21],{"class":129},[47,18516,126],{"class":125},[47,18518,69],{"class":61},[47,18520,136],{"class":125},[47,18522,139],{"class":129},[47,18524,126],{"class":125},[47,18526,69],{"class":61},[47,18528,136],{"class":125},[47,18530,148],{"class":129},[47,18532,126],{"class":125},[47,18534,1402],{"class":61},[47,18536,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18555,18557],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18538,392],{"class":53},[47,18540,58],{"class":57},[47,18542,10366],{"class":61},[47,18544,14720],{"class":53},[47,18546,2760],{"class":61},[47,18548,18080],{"class":61},[47,18550,3750],{"class":3749},[47,18552,18085],{"class":53},[47,18554,3756],{"class":3749},[47,18556,18090],{"class":53},[47,18558,9184],{"class":61},[47,18560,18561,18563,18565,18567],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18562,167],{"class":166},[47,18564,170],{"class":61},[47,18566,424],{"class":173},[47,18568,80],{"class":61},[14,18570,18571],{},"Use:",[291,18573,18574,18579,18582],{},[294,18575,18576,18578],{},[44,18577,17095],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[294,18580,18581],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[294,18583,18584],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18586,18587,18588,30],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[21,18589,10613,18590,10617],{"href":13911},[44,18591,14833],{},[32,18593,1284],{"id":1283},[14,18595,14612,18596,30],{},[44,18597,17100],{},[773,18599,18601],{"id":18600},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[37,18603,18605],{"className":39,"code":18604,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[44,18606,18607,18640,18663],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18608,18609,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18610,18611],{"class":53},"d ",[47,18613,58],{"class":57},[47,18615,9048],{"class":118},[47,18617,30],{"class":61},[47,18619,17160],{"class":173},[47,18621,122],{"class":61},[47,18623,126],{"class":125},[47,18625,21],{"class":129},[47,18627,126],{"class":125},[47,18629,69],{"class":61},[47,18631,136],{"class":125},[47,18633,139],{"class":129},[47,18635,126],{"class":125},[47,18637,17938],{"class":61},[47,18639,17872],{"class":61},[47,18641,18642,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18643,18644],{"class":53},"d",[47,18646,3773],{"class":61},[47,18648,126],{"class":125},[47,18650,21],{"class":129},[47,18652,126],{"class":125},[47,18654,13428],{"class":61},[47,18656,13431],{"class":173},[47,18658,170],{"class":61},[47,18660,66],{"class":65},[47,18662,80],{"class":61},[47,18664,18665,18667,18669,18671],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18666,167],{"class":166},[47,18668,170],{"class":61},[47,18670,18644],{"class":173},[47,18672,80],{"class":61},[14,18674,215],{},[37,18676,18678],{"className":39,"code":18677,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[44,18679,18680],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18681,18682,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692,18694,18696,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18683,9153],{"class":61},[47,18685,256],{"class":125},[47,18687,21],{"class":129},[47,18689,256],{"class":125},[47,18691,2760],{"class":61},[47,18693,957],{"class":61},[47,18695,66],{"class":65},[47,18697,17938],{"class":61},[47,18699,265],{"class":125},[47,18701,139],{"class":129},[47,18703,256],{"class":125},[47,18705,2760],{"class":61},[47,18707,957],{"class":61},[47,18709,66],{"class":65},[47,18711,13584],{"class":61},[14,18713,18714],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18716,18717],{},"Use this instead:",[37,18719,18721],{"className":39,"code":18720,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[44,18722,18723,18747,18771],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18724,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737,18739,18741,18743,18745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18726,17119],{"class":53},[47,18728,58],{"class":57},[47,18730,957],{"class":61},[47,18732,126],{"class":125},[47,18734,21],{"class":129},[47,18736,126],{"class":125},[47,18738,69],{"class":61},[47,18740,136],{"class":125},[47,18742,139],{"class":129},[47,18744,126],{"class":125},[47,18746,1402],{"class":61},[47,18748,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18750,18611],{"class":53},[47,18752,58],{"class":57},[47,18754,10366],{"class":61},[47,18756,14720],{"class":53},[47,18758,2760],{"class":61},[47,18760,18080],{"class":61},[47,18762,3750],{"class":3749},[47,18764,18085],{"class":53},[47,18766,3756],{"class":3749},[47,18768,18090],{"class":53},[47,18770,9184],{"class":61},[47,18772,18773,18775,18777,18779],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18774,167],{"class":166},[47,18776,170],{"class":61},[47,18778,18644],{"class":173},[47,18780,80],{"class":61},[773,18782,18784,18785,18787],{"id":18783},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[44,18786,17095],{}," on a list",[14,18789,18790],{},"Wrong idea:",[37,18792,18794],{"className":39,"code":18793,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[44,18795,18796,18828],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18797,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18799,17119],{"class":53},[47,18801,58],{"class":57},[47,18803,957],{"class":61},[47,18805,126],{"class":125},[47,18807,21],{"class":129},[47,18809,126],{"class":125},[47,18811,69],{"class":61},[47,18813,136],{"class":125},[47,18815,139],{"class":129},[47,18817,126],{"class":125},[47,18819,69],{"class":61},[47,18821,136],{"class":125},[47,18823,148],{"class":129},[47,18825,126],{"class":125},[47,18827,1402],{"class":61},[47,18829,18830],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18831,18832],{"class":1494},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,18834,18835,18837,18838,18840,18841,30],{},[44,18836,17095],{}," belongs to ",[44,18839,8699],{},", not ",[44,18842,7969],{},[14,18844,18845],{},"Correct usage:",[37,18847,18849],{"className":39,"code":18848,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[44,18850,18851,18883,18905],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18852,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18854,17119],{"class":53},[47,18856,58],{"class":57},[47,18858,957],{"class":61},[47,18860,126],{"class":125},[47,18862,21],{"class":129},[47,18864,126],{"class":125},[47,18866,69],{"class":61},[47,18868,136],{"class":125},[47,18870,139],{"class":129},[47,18872,126],{"class":125},[47,18874,69],{"class":61},[47,18876,136],{"class":125},[47,18878,148],{"class":129},[47,18880,126],{"class":125},[47,18882,1402],{"class":61},[47,18884,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18886,18611],{"class":53},[47,18888,58],{"class":57},[47,18890,9048],{"class":118},[47,18892,30],{"class":61},[47,18894,17160],{"class":173},[47,18896,170],{"class":61},[47,18898,16800],{"class":173},[47,18900,69],{"class":61},[47,18902,3706],{"class":65},[47,18904,80],{"class":61},[47,18906,18907,18909,18911,18913],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18908,167],{"class":166},[47,18910,170],{"class":61},[47,18912,18644],{"class":173},[47,18914,80],{"class":61},[773,18916,8330,18918,18920],{"id":18917},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[44,18919,17095],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,18922,18923,18925],{},[44,18924,17100],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[37,18927,18929],{"className":39,"code":18928,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[44,18930,18931,18951,18985,18989,18999],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,18932,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945,18947,18949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18934,11965],{"class":53},[47,18936,58],{"class":57},[47,18938,10366],{"class":61},[47,18940,126],{"class":125},[47,18942,2049],{"class":129},[47,18944,126],{"class":125},[47,18946,2760],{"class":61},[47,18948,1242],{"class":65},[47,18950,9184],{"class":61},[47,18952,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18954,12918],{"class":53},[47,18956,58],{"class":57},[47,18958,9048],{"class":118},[47,18960,30],{"class":61},[47,18962,17160],{"class":173},[47,18964,122],{"class":61},[47,18966,126],{"class":125},[47,18968,21],{"class":129},[47,18970,126],{"class":125},[47,18972,69],{"class":61},[47,18974,136],{"class":125},[47,18976,139],{"class":129},[47,18978,126],{"class":125},[47,18980,17938],{"class":61},[47,18982,3706],{"class":65},[47,18984,80],{"class":61},[47,18986,18987],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18988,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,18990,18991,18993,18995,18997],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,18992,167],{"class":166},[47,18994,170],{"class":61},[47,18996,12012],{"class":173},[47,18998,80],{"class":61},[47,19000,19001,19003,19005,19008],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,19002,167],{"class":166},[47,19004,170],{"class":61},[47,19006,19007],{"class":173},"new_dict",[47,19009,80],{"class":61},[14,19011,215],{},[37,19013,19015],{"className":39,"code":19014,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[44,19016,19017,19033],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,19018,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029,19031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19020,9153],{"class":61},[47,19022,256],{"class":125},[47,19024,2049],{"class":129},[47,19026,256],{"class":125},[47,19028,2760],{"class":61},[47,19030,1242],{"class":65},[47,19032,9184],{"class":61},[47,19034,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19036,9153],{"class":61},[47,19038,256],{"class":125},[47,19040,21],{"class":129},[47,19042,256],{"class":125},[47,19044,2760],{"class":61},[47,19046,3706],{"class":65},[47,19048,69],{"class":61},[47,19050,265],{"class":125},[47,19052,139],{"class":129},[47,19054,256],{"class":125},[47,19056,2760],{"class":61},[47,19058,3706],{"class":65},[47,19060,9184],{"class":61},[14,19062,19063,19064,30],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[21,19065,10613,19066,10617],{"href":13911},[44,19067,14833],{},[773,19069,19071,19072],{"id":19070},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[44,19073,3652],{},[37,19075,19077],{"className":39,"code":19076,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[44,19078,19079,19109],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,19080,19081,19083,19085,19087,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19082,18611],{"class":53},[47,19084,58],{"class":57},[47,19086,9048],{"class":118},[47,19088,30],{"class":61},[47,19090,17160],{"class":173},[47,19092,122],{"class":61},[47,19094,126],{"class":125},[47,19096,2049],{"class":129},[47,19098,126],{"class":125},[47,19100,69],{"class":61},[47,19102,136],{"class":125},[47,19104,11624],{"class":129},[47,19106,126],{"class":125},[47,19108,153],{"class":61},[47,19110,19111,19113,19115,19117],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19112,167],{"class":166},[47,19114,170],{"class":61},[47,19116,18644],{"class":173},[47,19118,80],{"class":61},[14,19120,215],{},[37,19122,19124],{"className":39,"code":19123,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[44,19125,19126],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,19127,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19129,9153],{"class":61},[47,19131,256],{"class":125},[47,19133,2049],{"class":129},[47,19135,256],{"class":125},[47,19137,2760],{"class":61},[47,19139,3725],{"class":412},[47,19141,69],{"class":61},[47,19143,265],{"class":125},[47,19145,11624],{"class":129},[47,19147,256],{"class":125},[47,19149,2760],{"class":61},[47,19151,3725],{"class":412},[47,19153,9184],{"class":61},[14,19155,19156,19157,30],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[44,19158,3652],{},[32,19160,19162],{"id":19161},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19164,19165,19166,19168],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[44,19167,17095],{}," works.",[37,19170,19172],{"className":39,"code":19171,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[44,19173,19174],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,19175,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19177,167],{"class":166},[47,19179,170],{"class":61},[47,19181,8699],{"class":118},[47,19183,30],{"class":61},[47,19185,17160],{"class":173},[47,19187,122],{"class":61},[47,19189,126],{"class":125},[47,19191,21],{"class":129},[47,19193,126],{"class":125},[47,19195,69],{"class":61},[47,19197,136],{"class":125},[47,19199,139],{"class":129},[47,19201,126],{"class":125},[47,19203,17938],{"class":61},[47,19205,3706],{"class":65},[47,19207,506],{"class":61},[37,19209,19210],{"className":39,"code":19076,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,19211,19212,19242],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,19213,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19215,18611],{"class":53},[47,19217,58],{"class":57},[47,19219,9048],{"class":118},[47,19221,30],{"class":61},[47,19223,17160],{"class":173},[47,19225,122],{"class":61},[47,19227,126],{"class":125},[47,19229,2049],{"class":129},[47,19231,126],{"class":125},[47,19233,69],{"class":61},[47,19235,136],{"class":125},[47,19237,11624],{"class":129},[47,19239,126],{"class":125},[47,19241,153],{"class":61},[47,19243,19244,19246,19248,19250],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19245,167],{"class":166},[47,19247,170],{"class":61},[47,19249,18644],{"class":173},[47,19251,80],{"class":61},[37,19253,19254],{"className":39,"code":18604,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,19255,19256,19288,19310],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,19257,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19259,18611],{"class":53},[47,19261,58],{"class":57},[47,19263,9048],{"class":118},[47,19265,30],{"class":61},[47,19267,17160],{"class":173},[47,19269,122],{"class":61},[47,19271,126],{"class":125},[47,19273,21],{"class":129},[47,19275,126],{"class":125},[47,19277,69],{"class":61},[47,19279,136],{"class":125},[47,19281,139],{"class":129},[47,19283,126],{"class":125},[47,19285,17938],{"class":61},[47,19287,17872],{"class":61},[47,19289,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19291,18644],{"class":53},[47,19293,3773],{"class":61},[47,19295,126],{"class":125},[47,19297,21],{"class":129},[47,19299,126],{"class":125},[47,19301,13428],{"class":61},[47,19303,13431],{"class":173},[47,19305,170],{"class":61},[47,19307,66],{"class":65},[47,19309,80],{"class":61},[47,19311,19312,19314,19316,19318],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,19313,167],{"class":166},[47,19315,170],{"class":61},[47,19317,18644],{"class":173},[47,19319,80],{"class":61},[37,19321,19323],{"className":39,"code":19322,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[44,19324,19325],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,19326,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19328,167],{"class":166},[47,19330,170],{"class":61},[47,19332,499],{"class":118},[47,19334,170],{"class":61},[47,19336,8699],{"class":118},[47,19338,30],{"class":61},[47,19340,17160],{"class":173},[47,19342,122],{"class":61},[47,19344,66],{"class":65},[47,19346,69],{"class":61},[47,19348,72],{"class":65},[47,19350,69],{"class":61},[47,19352,77],{"class":65},[47,19354,17938],{"class":61},[47,19356,136],{"class":125},[47,19358,605],{"class":129},[47,19360,126],{"class":125},[47,19362,2788],{"class":61},[32,19364,1708],{"id":1707},[773,19366,12584,19368,19370],{"id":19367},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[44,19369,17095],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19372,19373],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[773,19375,19377],{"id":19376},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19379,19380,19381,30],{},"Each key gets ",[44,19382,3652],{},[773,19384,19386],{"id":19385},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19388,19389],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[773,19391,19393],{"id":19392},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19395,18028],{},[37,19397,19399],{"className":39,"code":19398,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[44,19400,19401,19433],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,19402,19403,19405,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19404,17119],{"class":53},[47,19406,58],{"class":57},[47,19408,957],{"class":61},[47,19410,126],{"class":125},[47,19412,21],{"class":129},[47,19414,126],{"class":125},[47,19416,69],{"class":61},[47,19418,136],{"class":125},[47,19420,139],{"class":129},[47,19422,126],{"class":125},[47,19424,69],{"class":61},[47,19426,136],{"class":125},[47,19428,148],{"class":129},[47,19430,126],{"class":125},[47,19432,1402],{"class":61},[47,19434,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19436,392],{"class":53},[47,19438,58],{"class":57},[47,19440,10366],{"class":61},[47,19442,14720],{"class":53},[47,19444,2760],{"class":61},[47,19446,18080],{"class":61},[47,19448,3750],{"class":3749},[47,19450,18085],{"class":53},[47,19452,3756],{"class":3749},[47,19454,18090],{"class":53},[47,19456,9184],{"class":61},[32,19458,1758],{"id":1757},[291,19460,19461,19465,19469,19473,19479],{},[294,19462,19463],{},[21,19464,11119],{"href":12906},[294,19466,19467],{},[21,19468,9034],{"href":12903},[294,19470,19471],{},[21,19472,11128],{"href":17779},[294,19474,19475],{},[21,19476,10613,19477,10617],{"href":13911},[44,19478,14833],{},[294,19480,19481],{},[21,19482,10613,19483,10617],{"href":14878},[44,19484,12656],{},[14,19486,1967,19487,19489],{},[44,19488,17100],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1796,19491,19492],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":19494},[19495,19496,19498,19502,19503,19505,19510,19512,19519,19528,19529,19536],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":17200,"depth":83,"text":19497},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17244,"depth":83,"text":17245,"children":19499},[19500,19501],{"id":17271,"depth":94,"text":17272},{"id":17295,"depth":94,"text":17296},{"id":5660,"depth":83,"text":5661},{"id":17454,"depth":83,"text":19504},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17783,"depth":83,"text":17784,"children":19506},[19507,19508,19509],{"id":17813,"depth":94,"text":17814},{"id":17976,"depth":94,"text":17977},{"id":18024,"depth":94,"text":18025},{"id":18188,"depth":83,"text":19511},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18346,"depth":83,"text":19513,"children":19514},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19515,19517,19518],{"id":18357,"depth":94,"text":19516},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18422,"depth":94,"text":18423},{"id":18496,"depth":94,"text":18497},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":19520},[19521,19522,19524,19526],{"id":18600,"depth":94,"text":18601},{"id":18783,"depth":94,"text":19523},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18917,"depth":94,"text":19525},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19070,"depth":94,"text":19527},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19161,"depth":83,"text":19162},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":19530},[19531,19533,19534,19535],{"id":19367,"depth":94,"text":19532},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19376,"depth":94,"text":19377},{"id":19385,"depth":94,"text":19386},{"id":19392,"depth":94,"text":19393},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17087,"description":19537},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19544,"title":19545,"body":19546,"description":21374,"extension":1837,"meta":21375,"navigation":159,"path":21376,"seo":21377,"stem":21378,"__hash__":21379},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19547,"toc":21341},[19548,19553,19559,19570,19700,19707,19712,19716,19732,19734,19832,19835,19852,19856,19858,19863,19901,19904,19922,19924,20042,20047,20051,20067,20070,20206,20209,20214,20220,20223,20260,20263,20267,20272,20348,20352,20357,20439,20441,20457,20462,20466,20472,20541,20544,20561,20564,20646,20652,20655,20675,20677,20682,20688,20694,20765,20768,20774,20777,20851,20858,20864,20872,20882,20884,20979,20985,20990,21077,21083,21085,21090,21112,21115,21210,21213,21244,21257,21259,21267,21273,21279,21282,21288,21293,21300,21305,21307,21338],[10,19549,11195,19551,11199],{"id":19550},"python-dictionary-get-method",[44,19552,10616],{},[14,19554,19555,19556,19558],{},"The dictionary ",[44,19557,10616],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19560,19561,19562,2064,19565,2274,19567,19569],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[44,19563,19564],{},"KeyError",[44,19566,10616],{},[44,19568,3652],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[37,19571,19573],{"className":39,"code":19572,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[44,19574,19575,19611,19615,19641,19666],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,19576,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599,19601,19603,19605,19607,19609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19578,13082],{"class":53},[47,19580,58],{"class":57},[47,19582,10366],{"class":61},[47,19584,126],{"class":125},[47,19586,7542],{"class":129},[47,19588,126],{"class":125},[47,19590,2760],{"class":61},[47,19592,136],{"class":125},[47,19594,12760],{"class":129},[47,19596,126],{"class":125},[47,19598,69],{"class":61},[47,19600,136],{"class":125},[47,19602,9174],{"class":129},[47,19604,126],{"class":125},[47,19606,2760],{"class":61},[47,19608,9181],{"class":65},[47,19610,9184],{"class":61},[47,19612,19613],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19614,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,19616,19617,19619,19621,19623,19625,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,19618,167],{"class":166},[47,19620,170],{"class":61},[47,19622,17184],{"class":173},[47,19624,30],{"class":61},[47,19626,19627],{"class":173},"get",[47,19629,170],{"class":61},[47,19631,126],{"class":125},[47,19633,7542],{"class":129},[47,19635,126],{"class":125},[47,19637,5235],{"class":61},[47,19639,19640],{"class":1494},"           # Ana\n",[47,19642,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,19644,167],{"class":166},[47,19646,170],{"class":61},[47,19648,17184],{"class":173},[47,19650,30],{"class":61},[47,19652,19627],{"class":173},[47,19654,170],{"class":61},[47,19656,126],{"class":125},[47,19658,10284],{"class":129},[47,19660,126],{"class":125},[47,19662,5235],{"class":61},[47,19664,19665],{"class":1494},"           # None\n",[47,19667,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19693,19695,19697],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,19669,167],{"class":166},[47,19671,170],{"class":61},[47,19673,17184],{"class":173},[47,19675,30],{"class":61},[47,19677,19627],{"class":173},[47,19679,170],{"class":61},[47,19681,126],{"class":125},[47,19683,10284],{"class":129},[47,19685,126],{"class":125},[47,19687,69],{"class":61},[47,19689,136],{"class":125},[47,19691,19692],{"class":129},"N\u002FA",[47,19694,126],{"class":125},[47,19696,5235],{"class":61},[47,19698,19699],{"class":1494},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19701,1967,19702,19704,19705,30],{},[44,19703,10616],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[44,19706,19564],{},[32,19708,3550,19710,3553],{"id":19709},"what-get-does",[44,19711,10616],{},[14,19713,1854,19714,11290],{},[44,19715,10616],{},[291,19717,19718,19721,19726,19729],{},[294,19719,19720],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[294,19722,11301,19723,19725],{},[44,19724,3652],{}," if the key does not exist",[294,19727,19728],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[294,19730,19731],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19733,2083],{},[37,19735,19737],{"className":39,"code":19736,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[44,19738,19739,19778,19782,19807],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,19740,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757,19760,19762,19764,19766,19769,19771,19773,19776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19742,12743],{"class":53},[47,19744,58],{"class":57},[47,19746,10366],{"class":61},[47,19748,126],{"class":125},[47,19750,7542],{"class":129},[47,19752,126],{"class":125},[47,19754,2760],{"class":61},[47,19756,136],{"class":125},[47,19758,19759],{"class":129},"Lina",[47,19761,126],{"class":125},[47,19763,69],{"class":61},[47,19765,136],{"class":125},[47,19767,19768],{"class":129},"grade",[47,19770,126],{"class":125},[47,19772,2760],{"class":61},[47,19774,19775],{"class":65}," 90",[47,19777,9184],{"class":61},[47,19779,19780],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19781,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,19783,19784,19786,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,19785,167],{"class":166},[47,19787,170],{"class":61},[47,19789,13504],{"class":173},[47,19791,30],{"class":61},[47,19793,19627],{"class":173},[47,19795,170],{"class":61},[47,19797,126],{"class":125},[47,19799,7542],{"class":129},[47,19801,126],{"class":125},[47,19803,5235],{"class":61},[47,19805,19806],{"class":1494},"     # Lina\n",[47,19808,19809,19811,19813,19815,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,19810,167],{"class":166},[47,19812,170],{"class":61},[47,19814,13504],{"class":173},[47,19816,30],{"class":61},[47,19818,19627],{"class":173},[47,19820,170],{"class":61},[47,19822,126],{"class":125},[47,19824,15136],{"class":129},[47,19826,126],{"class":125},[47,19828,5235],{"class":61},[47,19830,19831],{"class":1494},"    # None\n",[14,19833,19834],{},"In this example:",[291,19836,19837,19842],{},[294,19838,19839,19841],{},[44,19840,15117],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[294,19843,19844,19847,19848,2274,19850],{},[44,19845,19846],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[44,19849,10616],{},[44,19851,3652],{},[14,19853,12900,19854,30],{},[21,19855,9034],{"href":9033},[32,19857,2032],{"id":2031},[14,19859,19860,19861,2760],{},"There are two common forms of ",[44,19862,10616],{},[37,19864,19866],{"className":39,"code":19865,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[44,19867,19868,19882],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,19869,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19871,15482],{"class":53},[47,19873,30],{"class":61},[47,19875,19627],{"class":173},[47,19877,170],{"class":61},[47,19879,14720],{"class":173},[47,19881,80],{"class":61},[47,19883,19884,19886,19888,19890,19892,19894,19896,19899],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19885,15482],{"class":53},[47,19887,30],{"class":61},[47,19889,19627],{"class":173},[47,19891,170],{"class":61},[47,19893,14720],{"class":173},[47,19895,69],{"class":61},[47,19897,19898],{"class":173}," default_value",[47,19900,80],{"class":61},[14,19902,19903],{},"What each part means:",[291,19905,19906,19911,19917],{},[294,19907,19908,19910],{},[44,19909,14720],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[294,19912,19913,19916],{},[44,19914,19915],{},"default_value"," is optional",[294,19918,19919,19920],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[44,19921,3652],{},[14,19923,2083],{},[37,19925,19927],{"className":39,"code":19926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[44,19928,19929,19953,19957,19982,20008],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,19930,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19932,13704],{"class":53},[47,19934,58],{"class":57},[47,19936,10366],{"class":61},[47,19938,126],{"class":125},[47,19940,12374],{"class":129},[47,19942,126],{"class":125},[47,19944,2760],{"class":61},[47,19946,136],{"class":125},[47,19948,12383],{"class":129},[47,19950,126],{"class":125},[47,19952,9184],{"class":61},[47,19954,19955],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19956,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,19958,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,19960,167],{"class":166},[47,19962,170],{"class":61},[47,19964,13763],{"class":173},[47,19966,30],{"class":61},[47,19968,19627],{"class":173},[47,19970,170],{"class":61},[47,19972,126],{"class":125},[47,19974,12374],{"class":129},[47,19976,126],{"class":125},[47,19978,5235],{"class":61},[47,19980,19981],{"class":1494},"            # dark\n",[47,19983,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20001,20003,20005],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,19985,167],{"class":166},[47,19987,170],{"class":61},[47,19989,13763],{"class":173},[47,19991,30],{"class":61},[47,19993,19627],{"class":173},[47,19995,170],{"class":61},[47,19997,126],{"class":125},[47,19999,20000],{"class":129},"language",[47,20002,126],{"class":125},[47,20004,5235],{"class":61},[47,20006,20007],{"class":1494},"         # None\n",[47,20009,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20035,20037,20039],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,20011,167],{"class":166},[47,20013,170],{"class":61},[47,20015,13763],{"class":173},[47,20017,30],{"class":61},[47,20019,19627],{"class":173},[47,20021,170],{"class":61},[47,20023,126],{"class":125},[47,20025,20000],{"class":129},[47,20027,126],{"class":125},[47,20029,69],{"class":61},[47,20031,136],{"class":125},[47,20033,20034],{"class":129},"en",[47,20036,126],{"class":125},[47,20038,5235],{"class":61},[47,20040,20041],{"class":1494},"   # en\n",[32,20043,4836,20045],{"id":20044},"when-to-use-get",[44,20046,10616],{},[14,20048,1967,20049,10477],{},[44,20050,10616],{},[291,20052,20053,20056,20061,20064],{},[294,20054,20055],{},"A key might not exist",[294,20057,20058,20059],{},"You want to avoid ",[44,20060,19564],{},[294,20062,20063],{},"You are reading optional data",[294,20065,20066],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20068,20069],{},"Example with optional user data:",[37,20071,20073],{"className":39,"code":20072,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[44,20074,20075,20117,20121,20146,20172],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,20076,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106,20108,20110,20113,20115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20078,11366],{"class":53},[47,20080,58],{"class":57},[47,20082,10366],{"class":61},[47,20084,126],{"class":125},[47,20086,7860],{"class":129},[47,20088,126],{"class":125},[47,20090,2760],{"class":61},[47,20092,136],{"class":125},[47,20094,20095],{"class":129},"sam",[47,20097,126],{"class":125},[47,20099,69],{"class":61},[47,20101,136],{"class":125},[47,20103,15136],{"class":129},[47,20105,126],{"class":125},[47,20107,2760],{"class":61},[47,20109,136],{"class":125},[47,20111,20112],{"class":129},"sam@example.com",[47,20114,126],{"class":125},[47,20116,9184],{"class":61},[47,20118,20119],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20120,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,20122,20123,20125,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20124,167],{"class":166},[47,20126,170],{"class":61},[47,20128,11460],{"class":173},[47,20130,30],{"class":61},[47,20132,19627],{"class":173},[47,20134,170],{"class":61},[47,20136,126],{"class":125},[47,20138,7860],{"class":129},[47,20140,126],{"class":125},[47,20142,5235],{"class":61},[47,20144,20145],{"class":1494},"              # sam\n",[47,20147,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20165,20167,20169],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20149,167],{"class":166},[47,20151,170],{"class":61},[47,20153,11460],{"class":173},[47,20155,30],{"class":61},[47,20157,19627],{"class":173},[47,20159,170],{"class":61},[47,20161,126],{"class":125},[47,20163,20164],{"class":129},"phone",[47,20166,126],{"class":125},[47,20168,5235],{"class":61},[47,20170,20171],{"class":1494},"                 # None\n",[47,20173,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20199,20201,20203],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,20175,167],{"class":166},[47,20177,170],{"class":61},[47,20179,11460],{"class":173},[47,20181,30],{"class":61},[47,20183,19627],{"class":173},[47,20185,170],{"class":61},[47,20187,126],{"class":125},[47,20189,20164],{"class":129},[47,20191,126],{"class":125},[47,20193,69],{"class":61},[47,20195,136],{"class":125},[47,20197,20198],{"class":129},"Not provided",[47,20200,126],{"class":125},[47,20202,5235],{"class":61},[47,20204,20205],{"class":1494}," # Not provided\n",[14,20207,20208],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20210,20211,20212,30],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[21,20213,16476],{"href":16475},[32,20215,20217,20219],{"id":20216},"get-vs-square-brackets",[44,20218,10616],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20221,20222],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[37,20224,20226],{"className":39,"code":20225,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[44,20227,20228,20242],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,20229,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20231,424],{"class":53},[47,20233,3773],{"class":61},[47,20235,126],{"class":125},[47,20237,14720],{"class":129},[47,20239,126],{"class":125},[47,20241,1402],{"class":61},[47,20243,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20245,424],{"class":53},[47,20247,30],{"class":61},[47,20249,19627],{"class":173},[47,20251,170],{"class":61},[47,20253,126],{"class":125},[47,20255,14720],{"class":129},[47,20257,126],{"class":125},[47,20259,80],{"class":61},[14,20261,20262],{},"The difference is important.",[773,20264,20266],{"id":20265},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20268,20269,20270,30],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[44,20271,19564],{},[37,20273,20275],{"className":39,"code":20274,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[44,20276,20277,20301,20305,20327],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,20278,20279,20281,20283,20285,20287,20289,20291,20293,20295,20297,20299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20280,392],{"class":53},[47,20282,58],{"class":57},[47,20284,10366],{"class":61},[47,20286,126],{"class":125},[47,20288,7542],{"class":129},[47,20290,126],{"class":125},[47,20292,2760],{"class":61},[47,20294,136],{"class":125},[47,20296,12760],{"class":129},[47,20298,126],{"class":125},[47,20300,9184],{"class":61},[47,20302,20303],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20304,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,20306,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20324],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20308,167],{"class":166},[47,20310,170],{"class":61},[47,20312,424],{"class":173},[47,20314,3773],{"class":61},[47,20316,126],{"class":125},[47,20318,7542],{"class":129},[47,20320,126],{"class":125},[47,20322,20323],{"class":61},"])",[47,20325,20326],{"class":1494},"   # Ana\n",[47,20328,20329,20331,20333,20335,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20330,167],{"class":166},[47,20332,170],{"class":61},[47,20334,424],{"class":173},[47,20336,3773],{"class":61},[47,20338,126],{"class":125},[47,20340,10284],{"class":129},[47,20342,126],{"class":125},[47,20344,20323],{"class":61},[47,20346,20347],{"class":1494},"   # KeyError\n",[773,20349,20350],{"id":19627},[44,20351,10616],{},[14,20353,20354,20356],{},[44,20355,10616],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[37,20358,20360],{"className":39,"code":20359,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[44,20361,20362,20386,20390,20414],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,20363,20364,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20365,392],{"class":53},[47,20367,58],{"class":57},[47,20369,10366],{"class":61},[47,20371,126],{"class":125},[47,20373,7542],{"class":129},[47,20375,126],{"class":125},[47,20377,2760],{"class":61},[47,20379,136],{"class":125},[47,20381,12760],{"class":129},[47,20383,126],{"class":125},[47,20385,9184],{"class":61},[47,20387,20388],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20389,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,20391,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20393,167],{"class":166},[47,20395,170],{"class":61},[47,20397,424],{"class":173},[47,20399,30],{"class":61},[47,20401,19627],{"class":173},[47,20403,170],{"class":61},[47,20405,126],{"class":125},[47,20407,7542],{"class":129},[47,20409,126],{"class":125},[47,20411,5235],{"class":61},[47,20413,20326],{"class":1494},[47,20415,20416,20418,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20417,167],{"class":166},[47,20419,170],{"class":61},[47,20421,424],{"class":173},[47,20423,30],{"class":61},[47,20425,19627],{"class":173},[47,20427,170],{"class":61},[47,20429,126],{"class":125},[47,20431,10284],{"class":129},[47,20433,126],{"class":125},[47,20435,5235],{"class":61},[47,20437,20438],{"class":1494},"   # None\n",[14,20440,18571],{},[291,20442,20443,20449],{},[294,20444,20445,20446],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[575,20447,20448],{},"must exist",[294,20450,20451,20453,20454],{},[44,20452,10616],{}," when the key is ",[575,20455,20456],{},"optional",[14,20458,20459,20460,30],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[21,20461,11139],{"href":10951},[32,20463,20465],{"id":20464},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20467,20468,20469,20471],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[44,20470,10616],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[37,20473,20475],{"className":39,"code":20474,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[44,20476,20477,20502,20506],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,20478,20479,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20480,20481],{"class":53},"profile ",[47,20483,58],{"class":57},[47,20485,10366],{"class":61},[47,20487,126],{"class":125},[47,20489,7542],{"class":129},[47,20491,126],{"class":125},[47,20493,2760],{"class":61},[47,20495,136],{"class":125},[47,20497,7796],{"class":129},[47,20499,126],{"class":125},[47,20501,9184],{"class":61},[47,20503,20504],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20505,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,20507,20508,20510,20512,20515,20517,20519,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531,20534,20536,20538],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20509,167],{"class":166},[47,20511,170],{"class":61},[47,20513,20514],{"class":173},"profile",[47,20516,30],{"class":61},[47,20518,19627],{"class":173},[47,20520,170],{"class":61},[47,20522,126],{"class":125},[47,20524,15139],{"class":129},[47,20526,126],{"class":125},[47,20528,69],{"class":61},[47,20530,136],{"class":125},[47,20532,20533],{"class":129},"Unknown",[47,20535,126],{"class":125},[47,20537,5235],{"class":61},[47,20539,20540],{"class":1494},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20542,20543],{},"This is useful for display text:",[291,20545,20546,20551,20556],{},[294,20547,20548],{},[44,20549,20550],{},"\"Unknown\"",[294,20552,20553],{},[44,20554,20555],{},"\"Not set\"",[294,20557,20558],{},[44,20559,20560],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20562,20563],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[37,20565,20567],{"className":39,"code":20566,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[44,20568,20569,20601,20605,20632],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,20570,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20572,4939],{"class":53},[47,20574,58],{"class":57},[47,20576,10366],{"class":61},[47,20578,126],{"class":125},[47,20580,18293],{"class":129},[47,20582,126],{"class":125},[47,20584,2760],{"class":61},[47,20586,5879],{"class":65},[47,20588,69],{"class":61},[47,20590,136],{"class":125},[47,20592,18302],{"class":129},[47,20594,126],{"class":125},[47,20596,2760],{"class":61},[47,20598,6234],{"class":65},[47,20600,9184],{"class":61},[47,20602,20603],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20604,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,20606,20607,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20608,20609],{"class":53},"total_history ",[47,20611,58],{"class":57},[47,20613,4986],{"class":53},[47,20615,30],{"class":61},[47,20617,19627],{"class":173},[47,20619,170],{"class":61},[47,20621,126],{"class":125},[47,20623,18311],{"class":129},[47,20625,126],{"class":125},[47,20627,69],{"class":61},[47,20629,3706],{"class":65},[47,20631,80],{"class":61},[47,20633,20634,20636,20638,20641,20643],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20635,167],{"class":166},[47,20637,170],{"class":61},[47,20639,20640],{"class":173},"total_history",[47,20642,3533],{"class":61},[47,20644,20645],{"class":1494},"   # 0\n",[14,20647,20648,20649,20651],{},"Here, ",[44,20650,1237],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20653,20654],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[291,20656,20657,20660,20665,20670],{},[294,20658,20659],{},"Use a string for text",[294,20661,1967,20662,20664],{},[44,20663,1237],{}," for numbers",[294,20666,1967,20667,20669],{},[44,20668,556],{}," for lists if needed",[294,20671,1967,20672,20674],{},[44,20673,3665],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[32,20676,1259],{"id":1258},[14,20678,20679,20680,30],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[44,20681,10616],{},[773,20683,20685,20687],{"id":20684},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[44,20686,10616],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20689,20690,20691,20693],{},"This code does ",[575,20692,577],{}," create a new key:",[37,20695,20697],{"className":39,"code":20696,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,20698,20699,20723,20727,20752],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,20700,20701,20703,20705,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20702,13082],{"class":53},[47,20704,58],{"class":57},[47,20706,10366],{"class":61},[47,20708,126],{"class":125},[47,20710,7542],{"class":129},[47,20712,126],{"class":125},[47,20714,2760],{"class":61},[47,20716,136],{"class":125},[47,20718,12760],{"class":129},[47,20720,126],{"class":125},[47,20722,9184],{"class":61},[47,20724,20725],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20726,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,20728,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20730,167],{"class":166},[47,20732,170],{"class":61},[47,20734,17184],{"class":173},[47,20736,30],{"class":61},[47,20738,19627],{"class":173},[47,20740,170],{"class":61},[47,20742,126],{"class":125},[47,20744,10284],{"class":129},[47,20746,126],{"class":125},[47,20748,5235],{"class":61},[47,20750,20751],{"class":1494},"  # None\n",[47,20753,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20755,167],{"class":166},[47,20757,170],{"class":61},[47,20759,17184],{"class":173},[47,20761,3533],{"class":61},[47,20763,20764],{"class":1494},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,20766,20767],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[773,20769,20771,20773],{"id":20770},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[44,20772,10616],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,20775,20776],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[37,20778,20780],{"className":39,"code":20779,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[44,20781,20782,20808,20812,20838],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,20783,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20795,20797,20799,20801,20804,20806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20785,13704],{"class":53},[47,20787,58],{"class":57},[47,20789,10366],{"class":61},[47,20791,126],{"class":125},[47,20793,20794],{"class":129},"mode",[47,20796,126],{"class":125},[47,20798,2760],{"class":61},[47,20800,136],{"class":125},[47,20802,20803],{"class":129},"light",[47,20805,126],{"class":125},[47,20807,9184],{"class":61},[47,20809,20810],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20811,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,20813,20814,20816,20818,20820,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832,20834,20836],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20815,13763],{"class":53},[47,20817,30],{"class":61},[47,20819,19627],{"class":173},[47,20821,170],{"class":61},[47,20823,126],{"class":125},[47,20825,12374],{"class":129},[47,20827,126],{"class":125},[47,20829,69],{"class":61},[47,20831,136],{"class":125},[47,20833,12383],{"class":129},[47,20835,126],{"class":125},[47,20837,80],{"class":61},[47,20839,20840,20842,20844,20846,20848],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20841,167],{"class":166},[47,20843,170],{"class":61},[47,20845,13763],{"class":173},[47,20847,3533],{"class":61},[47,20849,20850],{"class":1494},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,20852,20853,20854,20857],{},"Even though ",[44,20855,20856],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[773,20859,20861,20862],{"id":20860},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[44,20863,3652],{},[14,20865,20866,20867,2274,20869,20871],{},"Sometimes ",[44,20868,10616],{},[44,20870,3652],{}," because:",[291,20873,20874,20877],{},[294,20875,20876],{},"The key is missing, or",[294,20878,20879,20880],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[44,20881,3652],{},[14,20883,2083],{},[37,20885,20887],{"className":39,"code":20886,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[44,20888,20889,20926,20930,20954],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,20890,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915,20918,20920,20922,20924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20892,392],{"class":53},[47,20894,58],{"class":57},[47,20896,10366],{"class":61},[47,20898,126],{"class":125},[47,20900,7542],{"class":129},[47,20902,126],{"class":125},[47,20904,2760],{"class":61},[47,20906,136],{"class":125},[47,20908,12760],{"class":129},[47,20910,126],{"class":125},[47,20912,69],{"class":61},[47,20914,136],{"class":125},[47,20916,20917],{"class":129},"nickname",[47,20919,126],{"class":125},[47,20921,2760],{"class":61},[47,20923,3725],{"class":412},[47,20925,9184],{"class":61},[47,20927,20928],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20929,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,20931,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20933,167],{"class":166},[47,20935,170],{"class":61},[47,20937,424],{"class":173},[47,20939,30],{"class":61},[47,20941,19627],{"class":173},[47,20943,170],{"class":61},[47,20945,126],{"class":125},[47,20947,20917],{"class":129},[47,20949,126],{"class":125},[47,20951,5235],{"class":61},[47,20953,20751],{"class":1494},[47,20955,20956,20958,20960,20962,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20957,167],{"class":166},[47,20959,170],{"class":61},[47,20961,424],{"class":173},[47,20963,30],{"class":61},[47,20965,19627],{"class":173},[47,20967,170],{"class":61},[47,20969,126],{"class":125},[47,20971,10284],{"class":129},[47,20973,126],{"class":125},[47,20975,5235],{"class":61},[47,20977,20978],{"class":1494},"      # None\n",[14,20980,20981,20982,20984],{},"Both lines print ",[44,20983,3652],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,20986,20987,20988,2760],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[44,20989,3756],{},[37,20991,20993],{"className":39,"code":20992,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[44,20994,20995,21031,21035,21056],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,20996,20997,20999,21001,21003,21005,21007,21009,21011,21013,21015,21017,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027,21029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20998,392],{"class":53},[47,21000,58],{"class":57},[47,21002,10366],{"class":61},[47,21004,126],{"class":125},[47,21006,7542],{"class":129},[47,21008,126],{"class":125},[47,21010,2760],{"class":61},[47,21012,136],{"class":125},[47,21014,12760],{"class":129},[47,21016,126],{"class":125},[47,21018,69],{"class":61},[47,21020,136],{"class":125},[47,21022,20917],{"class":129},[47,21024,126],{"class":125},[47,21026,2760],{"class":61},[47,21028,3725],{"class":412},[47,21030,9184],{"class":61},[47,21032,21033],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21034,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,21036,21037,21039,21041,21043,21045,21047,21050,21052,21054],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21038,167],{"class":166},[47,21040,170],{"class":61},[47,21042,126],{"class":125},[47,21044,20917],{"class":129},[47,21046,126],{"class":125},[47,21048,21049],{"class":3749}," in",[47,21051,14445],{"class":173},[47,21053,3533],{"class":61},[47,21055,3536],{"class":1494},[47,21057,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070,21072,21074],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,21059,167],{"class":166},[47,21061,170],{"class":61},[47,21063,126],{"class":125},[47,21065,10284],{"class":129},[47,21067,126],{"class":125},[47,21069,21049],{"class":3749},[47,21071,14445],{"class":173},[47,21073,3533],{"class":61},[47,21075,21076],{"class":1494},"      # False\n",[14,21078,21079,21080,30],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[21,21081,21082],{"href":17030},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[32,21084,1284],{"id":1283},[14,21086,21087,21088,2760],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[44,21089,10616],{},[291,21091,21092,21097,21104,21109],{},[294,21093,21094,21095],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[44,21096,19564],{},[294,21098,4579,21099,2274,21101,21103],{},[44,21100,10616],{},[44,21102,3652],{}," if no default is provided",[294,21105,4454,21106,21108],{},[44,21107,10616],{}," creates a key automatically",[294,21110,21111],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21113,21114],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[37,21116,21118],{"className":39,"code":21117,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[44,21119,21120,21130,21144,21162,21184],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,21121,21122,21124,21126,21128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21123,167],{"class":166},[47,21125,170],{"class":61},[47,21127,11327],{"class":173},[47,21129,80],{"class":61},[47,21131,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140,21142],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21133,167],{"class":166},[47,21135,170],{"class":61},[47,21137,11327],{"class":173},[47,21139,30],{"class":61},[47,21141,16800],{"class":173},[47,21143,7068],{"class":61},[47,21145,21146,21148,21150,21152,21154,21156,21158,21160],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21147,167],{"class":166},[47,21149,170],{"class":61},[47,21151,256],{"class":125},[47,21153,7542],{"class":129},[47,21155,256],{"class":125},[47,21157,21049],{"class":3749},[47,21159,11645],{"class":173},[47,21161,80],{"class":61},[47,21163,21164,21166,21168,21170,21172,21174,21176,21178,21180,21182],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,21165,167],{"class":166},[47,21167,170],{"class":61},[47,21169,11327],{"class":173},[47,21171,30],{"class":61},[47,21173,19627],{"class":173},[47,21175,170],{"class":61},[47,21177,256],{"class":125},[47,21179,7542],{"class":129},[47,21181,256],{"class":125},[47,21183,506],{"class":61},[47,21185,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,21187,167],{"class":166},[47,21189,170],{"class":61},[47,21191,499],{"class":118},[47,21193,170],{"class":61},[47,21195,11327],{"class":173},[47,21197,30],{"class":61},[47,21199,19627],{"class":173},[47,21201,170],{"class":61},[47,21203,256],{"class":125},[47,21205,7542],{"class":129},[47,21207,256],{"class":125},[47,21209,2788],{"class":61},[14,21211,21212],{},"What these checks tell you:",[291,21214,21215,21220,21226,21232,21238],{},[294,21216,21217,21219],{},[44,21218,12559],{}," shows the full dictionary",[294,21221,21222,21225],{},[44,21223,21224],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[294,21227,21228,21231],{},[44,21229,21230],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[294,21233,21234,21237],{},[44,21235,21236],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[294,21239,21240,21243],{},[44,21241,21242],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21245,21246,21247,4267,21252,21256],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[21,21248,21249,21250,10617],{"href":16939},"the dictionary ",[44,21251,16942],{},[21,21253,21249,21254,10617],{"href":16952},[44,21255,16955],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[32,21258,1708],{"id":1707},[773,21260,12584,21262,21264,21265,2368],{"id":21261},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[44,21263,10616],{}," raise ",[44,21266,19564],{},[14,21268,21269,21270,21272],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[44,21271,3652],{}," or the default value you provide.",[773,21274,12584,21276,21278],{"id":21275},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[44,21277,10616],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21280,21281],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[773,21283,21285,21286,2368],{"id":21284},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[44,21287,10616],{},[14,21289,21290,21292],{},[44,21291,3652],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[773,21294,21296,21297,21299],{"id":21295},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[44,21298,10616],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21301,1967,21302,21304],{},[44,21303,10616],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[32,21306,1758],{"id":1757},[291,21308,21309,21313,21319,21325,21329,21334],{},[294,21310,21311],{},[21,21312,9034],{"href":9033},[294,21314,21315],{},[21,21316,10613,21317,10617],{"href":16939},[44,21318,16942],{},[294,21320,21321],{},[21,21322,10613,21323,10617],{"href":16952},[44,21324,16955],{},[294,21326,21327],{},[21,21328,17031],{"href":17030},[294,21330,21331],{},[21,21332,21333],{"href":16475},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[294,21335,21336],{},[21,21337,11139],{"href":10951},[1796,21339,21340],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":21342},[21343,21345,21346,21348,21353,21354,21362,21363,21373],{"id":19709,"depth":83,"text":21344},"What get() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":20044,"depth":83,"text":21347},"When to use get()",{"id":20216,"depth":83,"text":21349,"children":21350},"get() vs square brackets",[21351,21352],{"id":20265,"depth":94,"text":20266},{"id":19627,"depth":94,"text":10616},{"id":20464,"depth":83,"text":20465},{"id":1258,"depth":83,"text":1259,"children":21355},[21356,21358,21360],{"id":20684,"depth":94,"text":21357},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20770,"depth":94,"text":21359},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20860,"depth":94,"text":21361},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":21364},[21365,21367,21369,21371],{"id":21261,"depth":94,"text":21366},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21275,"depth":94,"text":21368},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21284,"depth":94,"text":21370},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21295,"depth":94,"text":21372},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19545,"description":21374},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21381,"title":21382,"body":21383,"description":23939,"extension":1837,"meta":23940,"navigation":159,"path":23941,"seo":23942,"stem":23943,"__hash__":23944},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21384,"toc":23905},[21385,21390,21396,21402,21404,21486,21490,21507,21512,21517,21522,21524,21538,21540,21603,21607,21647,21655,21657,21659,21674,21677,21690,21692,21771,21775,21841,21843,21847,21855,21857,21868,21870,21980,21984,22063,22069,22075,22080,22193,22197,22229,22232,22339,22345,22352,22356,22359,22462,22466,22527,22530,22533,22544,22553,22556,22573,22575,22674,22678,22753,22756,22779,22784,22789,22806,22808,22929,22933,22967,22969,22974,22981,22991,22993,23071,23074,23145,23155,23158,23189,23192,23231,23237,23244,23247,23338,23342,23423,23429,23432,23435,23540,23543,23546,23668,23672,23675,23742,23746,23783,23789,23791,23797,23802,23808,23815,23821,23824,23863,23869,23872,23874,23902],[10,21386,11195,21388,11199],{"id":21387},"python-dictionary-items-method",[44,21389,16955],{},[14,21391,1854,21392,21395],{},[44,21393,21394],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21397,21398,21399,21401],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[44,21400,16955],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[32,21403,35],{"id":34},[37,21405,21407],{"className":39,"code":21406,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[44,21408,21409,21445,21449,21472],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,21410,21411,21413,21415,21417,21419,21421,21423,21425,21427,21429,21431,21433,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21412,13082],{"class":53},[47,21414,58],{"class":57},[47,21416,10366],{"class":61},[47,21418,126],{"class":125},[47,21420,7542],{"class":129},[47,21422,126],{"class":125},[47,21424,2760],{"class":61},[47,21426,136],{"class":125},[47,21428,12760],{"class":129},[47,21430,126],{"class":125},[47,21432,69],{"class":61},[47,21434,136],{"class":125},[47,21436,9174],{"class":129},[47,21438,126],{"class":125},[47,21440,2760],{"class":61},[47,21442,9181],{"class":65},[47,21444,9184],{"class":61},[47,21446,21447],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21448,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,21450,21451,21453,21456,21458,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21452,5832],{"class":3749},[47,21454,21455],{"class":53}," key",[47,21457,69],{"class":61},[47,21459,21460],{"class":53}," value ",[47,21462,3756],{"class":3749},[47,21464,13125],{"class":53},[47,21466,30],{"class":61},[47,21468,7684],{"class":173},[47,21470,21471],{"class":61},"():\n",[47,21473,21474,21476,21478,21480,21482,21484],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,21475,7944],{"class":166},[47,21477,170],{"class":61},[47,21479,14720],{"class":173},[47,21481,69],{"class":61},[47,21483,8310],{"class":173},[47,21485,80],{"class":61},[14,21487,21488],{},[575,21489,215],{},[37,21491,21493],{"className":39,"code":21492,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[44,21494,21495,21500],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,21496,21497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21498,21499],{"class":53},"name Ana\n",[47,21501,21502,21505],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21503,21504],{"class":53},"age ",[47,21506,2585],{"class":65},[14,21508,1967,21509,21511],{},[44,21510,16955],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[32,21513,3550,21515,3553],{"id":21514},"what-items-does",[44,21516,16955],{},[14,21518,21519,21521],{},[44,21520,16955],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21523,11336],{},[291,21525,21526,21532,21535],{},[294,21527,21528,21529],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[44,21530,21531],{},"(key, value)",[294,21533,21534],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[294,21536,21537],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21539,2083],{},[37,21541,21543],{"className":39,"code":21542,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[44,21544,21545,21581,21585],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,21546,21547,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561,21563,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21548,13082],{"class":53},[47,21550,58],{"class":57},[47,21552,10366],{"class":61},[47,21554,126],{"class":125},[47,21556,7542],{"class":129},[47,21558,126],{"class":125},[47,21560,2760],{"class":61},[47,21562,136],{"class":125},[47,21564,12760],{"class":129},[47,21566,126],{"class":125},[47,21568,69],{"class":61},[47,21570,136],{"class":125},[47,21572,9174],{"class":129},[47,21574,126],{"class":125},[47,21576,2760],{"class":61},[47,21578,9181],{"class":65},[47,21580,9184],{"class":61},[47,21582,21583],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21584,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,21586,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597,21599,21601],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21588,167],{"class":166},[47,21590,170],{"class":61},[47,21592,7969],{"class":118},[47,21594,170],{"class":61},[47,21596,17184],{"class":173},[47,21598,30],{"class":61},[47,21600,7684],{"class":173},[47,21602,6164],{"class":61},[14,21604,21605],{},[575,21606,215],{},[37,21608,21610],{"className":39,"code":21609,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[44,21611,21612],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,21613,21614,21617,21619,21621,21623,21625,21627,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21615,21616],{"class":61},"[(",[47,21618,256],{"class":125},[47,21620,7542],{"class":129},[47,21622,256],{"class":125},[47,21624,69],{"class":61},[47,21626,265],{"class":125},[47,21628,12760],{"class":129},[47,21630,256],{"class":125},[47,21632,954],{"class":61},[47,21634,62],{"class":61},[47,21636,256],{"class":125},[47,21638,9174],{"class":129},[47,21640,256],{"class":125},[47,21642,69],{"class":61},[47,21644,9181],{"class":65},[47,21646,9124],{"class":61},[14,21648,21649,21650,25,21652,30],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[21,21651,9034],{"href":12903},[21,21653,14904],{"href":21654},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[32,21656,2032],{"id":2031},[14,21658,5308],{},[37,21660,21662],{"className":39,"code":21661,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict.items()\n",[44,21663,21664],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,21665,21666,21668,21670,21672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21667,11327],{"class":53},[47,21669,30],{"class":61},[47,21671,7684],{"class":173},[47,21673,241],{"class":61},[14,21675,21676],{},"Things to remember:",[291,21678,21679,21684,21687],{},[294,21680,21681,21683],{},[44,21682,16955],{}," does not take any arguments",[294,21685,21686],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[294,21688,21689],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21691,2083],{},[37,21693,21695],{"className":39,"code":21694,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[44,21696,21697,21729,21733,21747,21751,21761],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,21698,21699,21701,21703,21705,21707,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719,21721,21723,21725,21727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21700,4939],{"class":53},[47,21702,58],{"class":57},[47,21704,10366],{"class":61},[47,21706,126],{"class":125},[47,21708,4879],{"class":129},[47,21710,126],{"class":125},[47,21712,2760],{"class":61},[47,21714,19775],{"class":65},[47,21716,69],{"class":61},[47,21718,136],{"class":125},[47,21720,4888],{"class":129},[47,21722,126],{"class":125},[47,21724,2760],{"class":61},[47,21726,13385],{"class":65},[47,21728,9184],{"class":61},[47,21730,21731],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21732,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,21734,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21736,2106],{"class":53},[47,21738,58],{"class":57},[47,21740,4986],{"class":53},[47,21742,30],{"class":61},[47,21744,7684],{"class":173},[47,21746,241],{"class":61},[47,21748,21749],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,21750,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,21752,21753,21755,21757,21759],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,21754,167],{"class":166},[47,21756,170],{"class":61},[47,21758,2141],{"class":173},[47,21760,80],{"class":61},[47,21762,21763,21765,21767,21769],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,21764,167],{"class":166},[47,21766,170],{"class":61},[47,21768,16267],{"class":173},[47,21770,80],{"class":61},[14,21772,21773],{},[575,21774,215],{},[37,21776,21778],{"className":39,"code":21777,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[44,21779,21780,21813],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,21781,21782,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21783,21784],{"class":173},"dict_items",[47,21786,9533],{"class":61},[47,21788,256],{"class":125},[47,21790,4879],{"class":129},[47,21792,256],{"class":125},[47,21794,69],{"class":61},[47,21796,19775],{"class":65},[47,21798,954],{"class":61},[47,21800,62],{"class":61},[47,21802,256],{"class":125},[47,21804,4888],{"class":129},[47,21806,256],{"class":125},[47,21808,69],{"class":61},[47,21810,13385],{"class":65},[47,21812,10555],{"class":61},[47,21814,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833,21835,21837,21839],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21816,9153],{"class":61},[47,21818,256],{"class":125},[47,21820,4879],{"class":129},[47,21822,256],{"class":125},[47,21824,2760],{"class":61},[47,21826,19775],{"class":65},[47,21828,69],{"class":61},[47,21830,265],{"class":125},[47,21832,4888],{"class":129},[47,21834,256],{"class":125},[47,21836,2760],{"class":61},[47,21838,13385],{"class":65},[47,21840,9184],{"class":61},[14,21842,20767],{},[32,21844,21846],{"id":21845},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,21848,21849,21851,21852,21854],{},[44,21850,16955],{}," returns a ",[44,21853,21784],{}," view object.",[14,21856,1982],{},[291,21858,21859,21862,21865],{},[294,21860,21861],{},"You can loop over it",[294,21863,21864],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[294,21866,21867],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,21869,2083],{},[37,21871,21873],{"className":39,"code":21872,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[44,21874,21875,21907,21921,21925,21939,21943,21962,21966],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,21876,21877,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901,21903,21905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21878,392],{"class":53},[47,21880,58],{"class":57},[47,21882,10366],{"class":61},[47,21884,126],{"class":125},[47,21886,2049],{"class":129},[47,21888,126],{"class":125},[47,21890,2760],{"class":61},[47,21892,1242],{"class":65},[47,21894,69],{"class":61},[47,21896,136],{"class":125},[47,21898,11624],{"class":129},[47,21900,126],{"class":125},[47,21902,2760],{"class":61},[47,21904,72],{"class":65},[47,21906,9184],{"class":61},[47,21908,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21910,9092],{"class":53},[47,21912,58],{"class":57},[47,21914,14445],{"class":53},[47,21916,30],{"class":61},[47,21918,7684],{"class":173},[47,21920,241],{"class":61},[47,21922,21923],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21924,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,21926,21927,21929,21931,21933,21935,21937],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,21928,167],{"class":166},[47,21930,170],{"class":61},[47,21932,7969],{"class":118},[47,21934,170],{"class":61},[47,21936,9137],{"class":173},[47,21938,506],{"class":61},[47,21940,21941],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,21942,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,21944,21945,21947,21949,21951,21954,21956,21958,21960],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,21946,424],{"class":53},[47,21948,3773],{"class":61},[47,21950,126],{"class":125},[47,21952,21953],{"class":129},"z",[47,21955,126],{"class":125},[47,21957,13151],{"class":61},[47,21959,13154],{"class":57},[47,21961,2453],{"class":65},[47,21963,21964],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,21965,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,21967,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,21969,167],{"class":166},[47,21971,170],{"class":61},[47,21973,7969],{"class":118},[47,21975,170],{"class":61},[47,21977,9137],{"class":173},[47,21979,506],{"class":61},[14,21981,21982],{},[575,21983,215],{},[37,21985,21987],{"className":39,"code":21986,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[44,21988,21989,22019],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,21990,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21992,21616],{"class":61},[47,21994,256],{"class":125},[47,21996,2049],{"class":129},[47,21998,256],{"class":125},[47,22000,69],{"class":61},[47,22002,1242],{"class":65},[47,22004,954],{"class":61},[47,22006,62],{"class":61},[47,22008,256],{"class":125},[47,22010,11624],{"class":129},[47,22012,256],{"class":125},[47,22014,69],{"class":61},[47,22016,72],{"class":65},[47,22018,9124],{"class":61},[47,22020,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22022,21616],{"class":61},[47,22024,256],{"class":125},[47,22026,2049],{"class":129},[47,22028,256],{"class":125},[47,22030,69],{"class":61},[47,22032,1242],{"class":65},[47,22034,954],{"class":61},[47,22036,62],{"class":61},[47,22038,256],{"class":125},[47,22040,11624],{"class":129},[47,22042,256],{"class":125},[47,22044,69],{"class":61},[47,22046,72],{"class":65},[47,22048,954],{"class":61},[47,22050,62],{"class":61},[47,22052,256],{"class":125},[47,22054,21953],{"class":129},[47,22056,256],{"class":125},[47,22058,69],{"class":61},[47,22060,77],{"class":65},[47,22062,9124],{"class":61},[14,22064,22065,22066,22068],{},"This happens because ",[44,22067,9137],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[32,22070,22072,22073],{"id":22071},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[44,22074,16955],{},[14,22076,22077,22078,2760],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[44,22079,16955],{},[37,22081,22083],{"className":39,"code":22082,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[44,22084,22085,22138,22142,22162],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,22086,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22088,12743],{"class":53},[47,22090,58],{"class":57},[47,22092,10366],{"class":61},[47,22094,126],{"class":125},[47,22096,7542],{"class":129},[47,22098,126],{"class":125},[47,22100,2760],{"class":61},[47,22102,136],{"class":125},[47,22104,7796],{"class":129},[47,22106,126],{"class":125},[47,22108,69],{"class":61},[47,22110,136],{"class":125},[47,22112,19768],{"class":129},[47,22114,126],{"class":125},[47,22116,2760],{"class":61},[47,22118,136],{"class":125},[47,22120,22121],{"class":129},"A",[47,22123,126],{"class":125},[47,22125,69],{"class":61},[47,22127,136],{"class":125},[47,22129,9174],{"class":129},[47,22131,126],{"class":125},[47,22133,2760],{"class":61},[47,22135,13736],{"class":65},[47,22137,9184],{"class":61},[47,22139,22140],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22141,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,22143,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22145,5832],{"class":3749},[47,22147,21455],{"class":53},[47,22149,69],{"class":61},[47,22151,21460],{"class":53},[47,22153,3756],{"class":3749},[47,22155,12786],{"class":53},[47,22157,30],{"class":61},[47,22159,7684],{"class":173},[47,22161,21471],{"class":61},[47,22163,22164,22166,22168,22171,22173,22175,22177,22180,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,22165,7944],{"class":166},[47,22167,170],{"class":61},[47,22169,22170],{"class":525},"f",[47,22172,126],{"class":129},[47,22174,9153],{"class":65},[47,22176,14720],{"class":173},[47,22178,22179],{"class":65},"}",[47,22181,22182],{"class":129},": ",[47,22184,9153],{"class":65},[47,22186,605],{"class":173},[47,22188,22179],{"class":65},[47,22190,126],{"class":129},[47,22192,80],{"class":61},[14,22194,22195],{},[575,22196,215],{},[37,22198,22200],{"className":39,"code":22199,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[44,22201,22202,22211,22220],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,22203,22204,22206,22208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22205,7542],{"class":53},[47,22207,2760],{"class":61},[47,22209,22210],{"class":53}," Mia\n",[47,22212,22213,22215,22217],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22214,19768],{"class":53},[47,22216,2760],{"class":61},[47,22218,22219],{"class":53}," A\n",[47,22221,22222,22224,22226],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22223,9174],{"class":53},[47,22225,2760],{"class":61},[47,22227,22228],{"class":65}," 14\n",[14,22230,22231],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[37,22233,22235],{"className":39,"code":22234,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[44,22236,22237,22289,22293,22305],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,22238,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22240,12743],{"class":53},[47,22242,58],{"class":57},[47,22244,10366],{"class":61},[47,22246,126],{"class":125},[47,22248,7542],{"class":129},[47,22250,126],{"class":125},[47,22252,2760],{"class":61},[47,22254,136],{"class":125},[47,22256,7796],{"class":129},[47,22258,126],{"class":125},[47,22260,69],{"class":61},[47,22262,136],{"class":125},[47,22264,19768],{"class":129},[47,22266,126],{"class":125},[47,22268,2760],{"class":61},[47,22270,136],{"class":125},[47,22272,22121],{"class":129},[47,22274,126],{"class":125},[47,22276,69],{"class":61},[47,22278,136],{"class":125},[47,22280,9174],{"class":129},[47,22282,126],{"class":125},[47,22284,2760],{"class":61},[47,22286,13736],{"class":65},[47,22288,9184],{"class":61},[47,22290,22291],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22292,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,22294,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22296,5832],{"class":3749},[47,22298,18085],{"class":53},[47,22300,3756],{"class":3749},[47,22302,12786],{"class":53},[47,22304,6268],{"class":61},[47,22306,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,22308,7944],{"class":166},[47,22310,170],{"class":61},[47,22312,22170],{"class":525},[47,22314,126],{"class":129},[47,22316,9153],{"class":65},[47,22318,14720],{"class":173},[47,22320,22179],{"class":65},[47,22322,22182],{"class":129},[47,22324,9153],{"class":65},[47,22326,13504],{"class":173},[47,22328,3773],{"class":61},[47,22330,14720],{"class":173},[47,22332,13151],{"class":61},[47,22334,22179],{"class":65},[47,22336,126],{"class":129},[47,22338,80],{"class":61},[14,22340,6383,22341,22344],{},[44,22342,22343],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22346,22347,22348,30],{},"For a full guide, see ",[21,22349,22351],{"href":22350},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[32,22353,22355],{"id":22354},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22357,22358],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[37,22360,22362],{"className":39,"code":22361,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[44,22363,22364,22423,22427,22447,22451],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,22365,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22401,22403,22405,22407,22410,22412,22414,22416,22419,22421],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22367,823],{"class":53},[47,22369,58],{"class":57},[47,22371,10366],{"class":61},[47,22373,126],{"class":125},[47,22375,405],{"class":129},[47,22377,126],{"class":125},[47,22379,2760],{"class":61},[47,22381,136],{"class":125},[47,22383,832],{"class":129},[47,22385,126],{"class":125},[47,22387,69],{"class":61},[47,22389,136],{"class":125},[47,22391,3960],{"class":129},[47,22393,126],{"class":125},[47,22395,2760],{"class":61},[47,22397,136],{"class":125},[47,22399,22400],{"class":129},"yellow",[47,22402,126],{"class":125},[47,22404,69],{"class":61},[47,22406,136],{"class":125},[47,22408,22409],{"class":129},"grape",[47,22411,126],{"class":125},[47,22413,2760],{"class":61},[47,22415,136],{"class":125},[47,22417,22418],{"class":129},"purple",[47,22420,126],{"class":125},[47,22422,9184],{"class":61},[47,22424,22425],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22426,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,22428,22429,22432,22434,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22430,22431],{"class":53},"pairs_list ",[47,22433,58],{"class":57},[47,22435,22436],{"class":118}," list",[47,22438,170],{"class":61},[47,22440,863],{"class":173},[47,22442,30],{"class":61},[47,22444,7684],{"class":173},[47,22446,7068],{"class":61},[47,22448,22449],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,22450,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,22452,22453,22455,22457,22460],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,22454,167],{"class":166},[47,22456,170],{"class":61},[47,22458,22459],{"class":173},"pairs_list",[47,22461,80],{"class":61},[14,22463,22464],{},[575,22465,215],{},[37,22467,22469],{"className":39,"code":22468,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[44,22470,22471],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,22472,22473,22475,22477,22479,22481,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22474,21616],{"class":61},[47,22476,256],{"class":125},[47,22478,405],{"class":129},[47,22480,256],{"class":125},[47,22482,69],{"class":61},[47,22484,265],{"class":125},[47,22486,832],{"class":129},[47,22488,256],{"class":125},[47,22490,954],{"class":61},[47,22492,62],{"class":61},[47,22494,256],{"class":125},[47,22496,3960],{"class":129},[47,22498,256],{"class":125},[47,22500,69],{"class":61},[47,22502,265],{"class":125},[47,22504,22400],{"class":129},[47,22506,256],{"class":125},[47,22508,954],{"class":61},[47,22510,62],{"class":61},[47,22512,256],{"class":125},[47,22514,22409],{"class":129},[47,22516,256],{"class":125},[47,22518,69],{"class":61},[47,22520,265],{"class":125},[47,22522,22418],{"class":129},[47,22524,256],{"class":125},[47,22526,9124],{"class":61},[14,22528,22529],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22531,22532],{},"Use this when:",[291,22534,22535,22538,22541],{},[294,22536,22537],{},"You want clearer printed output",[294,22539,22540],{},"You need list behavior",[294,22542,22543],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[32,22545,22547,10461,22549,10461,22551],{"id":22546},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[44,22548,16955],{},[44,22550,16942],{},[44,22552,16948],{},[14,22554,22555],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[291,22557,22558,22563,22568],{},[294,22559,22560,22562],{},[44,22561,16955],{}," gives both key and value",[294,22564,22565,22567],{},[44,22566,16942],{}," gives only keys",[294,22569,22570,22572],{},[44,22571,16948],{}," gives only values",[14,22574,2083],{},[37,22576,22578],{"className":39,"code":22577,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[44,22579,22580,22616,22620,22638,22656],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,22581,22582,22584,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608,22610,22612,22614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22583,13082],{"class":53},[47,22585,58],{"class":57},[47,22587,10366],{"class":61},[47,22589,126],{"class":125},[47,22591,7542],{"class":129},[47,22593,126],{"class":125},[47,22595,2760],{"class":61},[47,22597,136],{"class":125},[47,22599,12760],{"class":129},[47,22601,126],{"class":125},[47,22603,69],{"class":61},[47,22605,136],{"class":125},[47,22607,9174],{"class":129},[47,22609,126],{"class":125},[47,22611,2760],{"class":61},[47,22613,9181],{"class":65},[47,22615,9184],{"class":61},[47,22617,22618],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22619,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,22621,22622,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22623,167],{"class":166},[47,22625,170],{"class":61},[47,22627,7969],{"class":118},[47,22629,170],{"class":61},[47,22631,17184],{"class":173},[47,22633,30],{"class":61},[47,22635,16800],{"class":173},[47,22637,6164],{"class":61},[47,22639,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,22641,167],{"class":166},[47,22643,170],{"class":61},[47,22645,7969],{"class":118},[47,22647,170],{"class":61},[47,22649,17184],{"class":173},[47,22651,30],{"class":61},[47,22653,1221],{"class":173},[47,22655,6164],{"class":61},[47,22657,22658,22660,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,22659,167],{"class":166},[47,22661,170],{"class":61},[47,22663,7969],{"class":118},[47,22665,170],{"class":61},[47,22667,17184],{"class":173},[47,22669,30],{"class":61},[47,22671,7684],{"class":173},[47,22673,6164],{"class":61},[14,22675,22676],{},[575,22677,215],{},[37,22679,22681],{"className":39,"code":22680,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[44,22682,22683,22703,22719],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,22684,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22686,3773],{"class":61},[47,22688,256],{"class":125},[47,22690,7542],{"class":129},[47,22692,256],{"class":125},[47,22694,69],{"class":61},[47,22696,265],{"class":125},[47,22698,9174],{"class":129},[47,22700,256],{"class":125},[47,22702,1402],{"class":61},[47,22704,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22706,3773],{"class":61},[47,22708,256],{"class":125},[47,22710,12760],{"class":129},[47,22712,256],{"class":125},[47,22714,69],{"class":61},[47,22716,9181],{"class":65},[47,22718,1402],{"class":61},[47,22720,22721,22723,22725,22727,22729,22731,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22722,21616],{"class":61},[47,22724,256],{"class":125},[47,22726,7542],{"class":129},[47,22728,256],{"class":125},[47,22730,69],{"class":61},[47,22732,265],{"class":125},[47,22734,12760],{"class":129},[47,22736,256],{"class":125},[47,22738,954],{"class":61},[47,22740,62],{"class":61},[47,22742,256],{"class":125},[47,22744,9174],{"class":129},[47,22746,256],{"class":125},[47,22748,69],{"class":61},[47,22750,9181],{"class":65},[47,22752,9124],{"class":61},[14,22754,22755],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[291,22757,22758,22766,22774],{},[294,22759,22760,22761],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[21,22762,22764],{"href":22763},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[44,22765,16942],{},[294,22767,22768,22769],{},"Need just values? Use ",[21,22770,22772],{"href":22771},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[44,22773,16948],{},[294,22775,22776,22777],{},"Need both together? Use ",[44,22778,16955],{},[32,22780,4836,22782],{"id":22781},"when-to-use-items",[44,22783,16955],{},[14,22785,22786,22788],{},[44,22787,16955],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[291,22790,22791,22794,22797,22800,22803],{},[294,22792,22793],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[294,22795,22796],{},"Building formatted output",[294,22798,22799],{},"Looping through settings and values",[294,22801,22802],{},"Showing names with scores",[294,22804,22805],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,22807,2083],{},[37,22809,22811],{"className":39,"code":22810,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[44,22812,22813,22821,22839,22858,22870,22874,22878,22899],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,22814,22815,22817,22819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22816,13704],{"class":53},[47,22818,58],{"class":57},[47,22820,11371],{"class":61},[47,22822,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22824,11376],{"class":125},[47,22826,12374],{"class":129},[47,22828,126],{"class":125},[47,22830,2760],{"class":61},[47,22832,136],{"class":125},[47,22834,12383],{"class":129},[47,22836,126],{"class":125},[47,22838,11392],{"class":61},[47,22840,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22854,22856],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22842,11376],{"class":125},[47,22844,20000],{"class":129},[47,22846,126],{"class":125},[47,22848,2760],{"class":61},[47,22850,136],{"class":125},[47,22852,22853],{"class":129},"English",[47,22855,126],{"class":125},[47,22857,11392],{"class":61},[47,22859,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,22861,11376],{"class":125},[47,22863,18401],{"class":129},[47,22865,126],{"class":125},[47,22867,2760],{"class":61},[47,22869,6297],{"class":412},[47,22871,22872],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,22873,9184],{"class":61},[47,22875,22876],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,22877,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,22879,22880,22882,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,22881,5832],{"class":3749},[47,22883,22884],{"class":53}," setting",[47,22886,69],{"class":61},[47,22888,21460],{"class":53},[47,22890,3756],{"class":3749},[47,22892,13748],{"class":53},[47,22894,30],{"class":61},[47,22896,7684],{"class":173},[47,22898,21471],{"class":61},[47,22900,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911,22914,22916,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,22902,7944],{"class":166},[47,22904,170],{"class":61},[47,22906,22170],{"class":525},[47,22908,126],{"class":129},[47,22910,9153],{"class":65},[47,22912,22913],{"class":173},"setting",[47,22915,22179],{"class":65},[47,22917,22918],{"class":129}," = ",[47,22920,9153],{"class":65},[47,22922,605],{"class":173},[47,22924,22179],{"class":65},[47,22926,126],{"class":129},[47,22928,80],{"class":61},[14,22930,22931],{},[575,22932,215],{},[37,22934,22936],{"className":39,"code":22935,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[44,22937,22938,22948,22958],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,22939,22940,22943,22945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22941,22942],{"class":53},"theme ",[47,22944,58],{"class":57},[47,22946,22947],{"class":53}," dark\n",[47,22949,22950,22953,22955],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22951,22952],{"class":53},"language ",[47,22954,58],{"class":57},[47,22956,22957],{"class":53}," English\n",[47,22959,22960,22963,22965],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22961,22962],{"class":53},"notifications ",[47,22964,58],{"class":57},[47,22966,6297],{"class":412},[32,22968,1284],{"id":1283},[14,22970,22971,22972,30],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[44,22973,16955],{},[773,22975,22977,22978,22980],{"id":22976},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[44,22979,16955],{}," incorrectly",[14,22982,22983,22984,22986,22987,22990],{},"Each result from ",[44,22985,16955],{}," has ",[575,22988,22989],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,22992,6561],{},[37,22994,22995],{"className":39,"code":21406,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,22996,22997,23033,23037,23057],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,22998,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23000,13082],{"class":53},[47,23002,58],{"class":57},[47,23004,10366],{"class":61},[47,23006,126],{"class":125},[47,23008,7542],{"class":129},[47,23010,126],{"class":125},[47,23012,2760],{"class":61},[47,23014,136],{"class":125},[47,23016,12760],{"class":129},[47,23018,126],{"class":125},[47,23020,69],{"class":61},[47,23022,136],{"class":125},[47,23024,9174],{"class":129},[47,23026,126],{"class":125},[47,23028,2760],{"class":61},[47,23030,9181],{"class":65},[47,23032,9184],{"class":61},[47,23034,23035],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23036,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,23038,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23040,5832],{"class":3749},[47,23042,21455],{"class":53},[47,23044,69],{"class":61},[47,23046,21460],{"class":53},[47,23048,3756],{"class":3749},[47,23050,13125],{"class":53},[47,23052,30],{"class":61},[47,23054,7684],{"class":173},[47,23056,21471],{"class":61},[47,23058,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,23060,7944],{"class":166},[47,23062,170],{"class":61},[47,23064,14720],{"class":173},[47,23066,69],{"class":61},[47,23068,8310],{"class":173},[47,23070,80],{"class":61},[14,23072,23073],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[37,23075,23077],{"className":39,"code":23076,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[44,23078,23079,23115,23119,23135],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,23080,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23082,13082],{"class":53},[47,23084,58],{"class":57},[47,23086,10366],{"class":61},[47,23088,126],{"class":125},[47,23090,7542],{"class":129},[47,23092,126],{"class":125},[47,23094,2760],{"class":61},[47,23096,136],{"class":125},[47,23098,12760],{"class":129},[47,23100,126],{"class":125},[47,23102,69],{"class":61},[47,23104,136],{"class":125},[47,23106,9174],{"class":129},[47,23108,126],{"class":125},[47,23110,2760],{"class":61},[47,23112,9181],{"class":65},[47,23114,9184],{"class":61},[47,23116,23117],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23118,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,23120,23121,23123,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23122,5832],{"class":3749},[47,23124,18085],{"class":53},[47,23126,3756],{"class":3749},[47,23128,13125],{"class":53},[47,23130,30],{"class":61},[47,23132,7684],{"class":173},[47,23134,21471],{"class":61},[47,23136,23137,23139,23141,23143],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,23138,7944],{"class":166},[47,23140,170],{"class":61},[47,23142,14720],{"class":173},[47,23144,80],{"class":61},[14,23146,23147,23148,23150,23151,23154],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[44,23149,14720],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[44,23152,23153],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23156,23157],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[37,23159,23161],{"className":39,"code":23160,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[44,23162,23163,23179],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,23164,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23166,5832],{"class":3749},[47,23168,5835],{"class":53},[47,23170,3756],{"class":3749},[47,23172,13125],{"class":53},[47,23174,30],{"class":61},[47,23176,7684],{"class":173},[47,23178,21471],{"class":61},[47,23180,23181,23183,23185,23187],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23182,7944],{"class":166},[47,23184,170],{"class":61},[47,23186,1329],{"class":173},[47,23188,80],{"class":61},[14,23190,23191],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[37,23193,23195],{"className":39,"code":23194,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[44,23196,23197,23217],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,23198,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211,23213,23215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23200,5832],{"class":3749},[47,23202,21455],{"class":53},[47,23204,69],{"class":61},[47,23206,21460],{"class":53},[47,23208,3756],{"class":3749},[47,23210,13125],{"class":53},[47,23212,30],{"class":61},[47,23214,7684],{"class":173},[47,23216,21471],{"class":61},[47,23218,23219,23221,23223,23225,23227,23229],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23220,7944],{"class":166},[47,23222,170],{"class":61},[47,23224,14720],{"class":173},[47,23226,69],{"class":61},[47,23228,8310],{"class":173},[47,23230,80],{"class":61},[773,23232,8330,23234,23236],{"id":23233},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[44,23235,16955],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23238,23239,21851,23241,23243],{},[44,23240,16955],{},[44,23242,21784],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23245,23246],{},"Check it:",[37,23248,23250],{"className":39,"code":23249,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[44,23251,23252,23284,23288,23302,23320],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,23253,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23255,11603],{"class":53},[47,23257,58],{"class":57},[47,23259,10366],{"class":61},[47,23261,126],{"class":125},[47,23263,21],{"class":129},[47,23265,126],{"class":125},[47,23267,2760],{"class":61},[47,23269,1242],{"class":65},[47,23271,69],{"class":61},[47,23273,136],{"class":125},[47,23275,139],{"class":129},[47,23277,126],{"class":125},[47,23279,2760],{"class":61},[47,23281,72],{"class":65},[47,23283,9184],{"class":61},[47,23285,23286],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23287,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,23289,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23291,167],{"class":166},[47,23293,170],{"class":61},[47,23295,11327],{"class":173},[47,23297,30],{"class":61},[47,23299,7684],{"class":173},[47,23301,7068],{"class":61},[47,23303,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,23305,167],{"class":166},[47,23307,170],{"class":61},[47,23309,499],{"class":118},[47,23311,170],{"class":61},[47,23313,11327],{"class":173},[47,23315,30],{"class":61},[47,23317,7684],{"class":173},[47,23319,6164],{"class":61},[47,23321,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,23323,167],{"class":166},[47,23325,170],{"class":61},[47,23327,7969],{"class":118},[47,23329,170],{"class":61},[47,23331,11327],{"class":173},[47,23333,30],{"class":61},[47,23335,7684],{"class":173},[47,23337,6164],{"class":61},[14,23339,23340],{},[575,23341,215],{},[37,23343,23345],{"className":39,"code":23344,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[44,23346,23347,23379,23393],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,23348,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23350,21784],{"class":173},[47,23352,9533],{"class":61},[47,23354,256],{"class":125},[47,23356,21],{"class":129},[47,23358,256],{"class":125},[47,23360,69],{"class":61},[47,23362,1242],{"class":65},[47,23364,954],{"class":61},[47,23366,62],{"class":61},[47,23368,256],{"class":125},[47,23370,139],{"class":129},[47,23372,256],{"class":125},[47,23374,69],{"class":61},[47,23376,72],{"class":65},[47,23378,10555],{"class":61},[47,23380,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23382,522],{"class":57},[47,23384,526],{"class":525},[47,23386,265],{"class":125},[47,23388,21784],{"class":129},[47,23390,256],{"class":125},[47,23392,536],{"class":57},[47,23394,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23396,21616],{"class":61},[47,23398,256],{"class":125},[47,23400,21],{"class":129},[47,23402,256],{"class":125},[47,23404,69],{"class":61},[47,23406,1242],{"class":65},[47,23408,954],{"class":61},[47,23410,62],{"class":61},[47,23412,256],{"class":125},[47,23414,139],{"class":129},[47,23416,256],{"class":125},[47,23418,69],{"class":61},[47,23420,72],{"class":65},[47,23422,9124],{"class":61},[773,23424,23426,23427],{"id":23425},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[44,23428,16955],{},[14,23430,23431],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23433,23434],{},"Problem example:",[37,23436,23438],{"className":39,"code":23437,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[44,23439,23440,23484,23488,23508,23520],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,23441,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23443,54],{"class":53},[47,23445,58],{"class":57},[47,23447,10366],{"class":61},[47,23449,126],{"class":125},[47,23451,21],{"class":129},[47,23453,126],{"class":125},[47,23455,2760],{"class":61},[47,23457,1242],{"class":65},[47,23459,69],{"class":61},[47,23461,136],{"class":125},[47,23463,139],{"class":129},[47,23465,126],{"class":125},[47,23467,2760],{"class":61},[47,23469,72],{"class":65},[47,23471,69],{"class":61},[47,23473,136],{"class":125},[47,23475,148],{"class":129},[47,23477,126],{"class":125},[47,23479,2760],{"class":61},[47,23481,77],{"class":65},[47,23483,9184],{"class":61},[47,23485,23486],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23487,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,23489,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23491,5832],{"class":3749},[47,23493,21455],{"class":53},[47,23495,69],{"class":61},[47,23497,21460],{"class":53},[47,23499,3756],{"class":3749},[47,23501,4136],{"class":53},[47,23503,30],{"class":61},[47,23505,7684],{"class":173},[47,23507,21471],{"class":61},[47,23509,23510,23512,23514,23516,23518],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,23511,6273],{"class":3749},[47,23513,21460],{"class":53},[47,23515,4563],{"class":57},[47,23517,72],{"class":65},[47,23519,6268],{"class":61},[47,23521,23522,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,23523,23524],{"class":53},"        numbers",[47,23526,3773],{"class":61},[47,23528,126],{"class":125},[47,23530,18644],{"class":129},[47,23532,126],{"class":125},[47,23534,13151],{"class":61},[47,23536,13154],{"class":57},[47,23538,23539],{"class":65}," 4\n",[14,23541,23542],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23544,23545],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[37,23547,23549],{"className":39,"code":23548,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,23550,23551,23595,23599,23624,23636,23654,23658],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,23552,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23554,54],{"class":53},[47,23556,58],{"class":57},[47,23558,10366],{"class":61},[47,23560,126],{"class":125},[47,23562,21],{"class":129},[47,23564,126],{"class":125},[47,23566,2760],{"class":61},[47,23568,1242],{"class":65},[47,23570,69],{"class":61},[47,23572,136],{"class":125},[47,23574,139],{"class":129},[47,23576,126],{"class":125},[47,23578,2760],{"class":61},[47,23580,72],{"class":65},[47,23582,69],{"class":61},[47,23584,136],{"class":125},[47,23586,148],{"class":129},[47,23588,126],{"class":125},[47,23590,2760],{"class":61},[47,23592,77],{"class":65},[47,23594,9184],{"class":61},[47,23596,23597],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23598,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,23600,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23602,5832],{"class":3749},[47,23604,21455],{"class":53},[47,23606,69],{"class":61},[47,23608,21460],{"class":53},[47,23610,3756],{"class":3749},[47,23612,22436],{"class":118},[47,23614,170],{"class":61},[47,23616,174],{"class":173},[47,23618,30],{"class":61},[47,23620,7684],{"class":173},[47,23622,23623],{"class":61},"()):\n",[47,23625,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,23627,6273],{"class":3749},[47,23629,21460],{"class":53},[47,23631,4563],{"class":57},[47,23633,72],{"class":65},[47,23635,6268],{"class":61},[47,23637,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,23639,23524],{"class":53},[47,23641,3773],{"class":61},[47,23643,126],{"class":125},[47,23645,18644],{"class":129},[47,23647,126],{"class":125},[47,23649,13151],{"class":61},[47,23651,13154],{"class":57},[47,23653,23539],{"class":65},[47,23655,23656],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,23657,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,23659,23660,23662,23664,23666],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,23661,167],{"class":166},[47,23663,170],{"class":61},[47,23665,174],{"class":173},[47,23667,80],{"class":61},[773,23669,23671],{"id":23670},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23673,23674],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[37,23676,23678],{"className":39,"code":23677,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[44,23679,23680,23712,23716,23732],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,23681,23682,23684,23686,23688,23690,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23683,392],{"class":53},[47,23685,58],{"class":57},[47,23687,10366],{"class":61},[47,23689,126],{"class":125},[47,23691,2049],{"class":129},[47,23693,126],{"class":125},[47,23695,2760],{"class":61},[47,23697,5879],{"class":65},[47,23699,69],{"class":61},[47,23701,136],{"class":125},[47,23703,11624],{"class":129},[47,23705,126],{"class":125},[47,23707,2760],{"class":61},[47,23709,965],{"class":65},[47,23711,9184],{"class":61},[47,23713,23714],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23715,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,23717,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23719,5832],{"class":3749},[47,23721,5835],{"class":53},[47,23723,3756],{"class":3749},[47,23725,14445],{"class":53},[47,23727,30],{"class":61},[47,23729,7684],{"class":173},[47,23731,21471],{"class":61},[47,23733,23734,23736,23738,23740],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,23735,7944],{"class":166},[47,23737,170],{"class":61},[47,23739,1329],{"class":173},[47,23741,80],{"class":61},[14,23743,23744],{},[575,23745,215],{},[37,23747,23749],{"className":39,"code":23748,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[44,23750,23751,23767],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,23752,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23754,170],{"class":61},[47,23756,256],{"class":125},[47,23758,2049],{"class":129},[47,23760,256],{"class":125},[47,23762,69],{"class":61},[47,23764,5879],{"class":65},[47,23766,80],{"class":61},[47,23768,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23770,170],{"class":61},[47,23772,256],{"class":125},[47,23774,11624],{"class":129},[47,23776,256],{"class":125},[47,23778,69],{"class":61},[47,23780,965],{"class":65},[47,23782,80],{"class":61},[14,23784,23785,23786,23788],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[44,23787,21531],{}," pair.",[32,23790,1708],{"id":1707},[773,23792,23794,23795,5020],{"id":23793},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[44,23796,16955],{},[14,23798,17299,23799,23801],{},[44,23800,21784],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[773,23803,12584,23805,23807],{"id":23804},"does-items-return-a-list",[44,23806,16955],{}," return a list?",[14,23809,23810,23811,23814],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[44,23812,23813],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[773,23816,23818,23819,2368],{"id":23817},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[44,23820,16955],{},[14,23822,23823],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[37,23825,23827],{"className":39,"code":23826,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[44,23828,23829,23849],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,23830,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23832,5832],{"class":3749},[47,23834,21455],{"class":53},[47,23836,69],{"class":61},[47,23838,21460],{"class":53},[47,23840,3756],{"class":3749},[47,23842,11645],{"class":53},[47,23844,30],{"class":61},[47,23846,7684],{"class":173},[47,23848,21471],{"class":61},[47,23850,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23852,7944],{"class":166},[47,23854,170],{"class":61},[47,23856,14720],{"class":173},[47,23858,69],{"class":61},[47,23860,8310],{"class":173},[47,23862,80],{"class":61},[773,23864,12584,23866,23868],{"id":23865},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[44,23867,16955],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,23870,23871],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[32,23873,1758],{"id":1757},[291,23875,23876,23882,23888,23893,23897],{},[294,23877,23878],{},[21,23879,10613,23880,10617],{"href":22763},[44,23881,16942],{},[294,23883,23884],{},[21,23885,10613,23886,10617],{"href":22771},[44,23887,16948],{},[294,23889,23890],{},[21,23891,23892],{"href":22350},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[294,23894,23895],{},[21,23896,9034],{"href":12903},[294,23898,23899],{},[21,23900,23901],{"href":21654},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1796,23903,23904],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":23906},[23907,23908,23910,23911,23912,23914,23915,23917,23919,23928,23938],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":21514,"depth":83,"text":23909},"What items() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":21845,"depth":83,"text":21846},{"id":22071,"depth":83,"text":23913},"Looping with items()",{"id":22354,"depth":83,"text":22355},{"id":22546,"depth":83,"text":23916},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22781,"depth":83,"text":23918},"When to use items()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":23920},[23921,23923,23925,23927],{"id":22976,"depth":94,"text":23922},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23233,"depth":94,"text":23924},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23425,"depth":94,"text":23926},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23670,"depth":94,"text":23671},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":23929},[23930,23932,23934,23936],{"id":23793,"depth":94,"text":23931},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23804,"depth":94,"text":23933},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23817,"depth":94,"text":23935},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23865,"depth":94,"text":23937},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21382,"description":23939},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23946,"title":23947,"body":23948,"description":26039,"extension":1837,"meta":26040,"navigation":159,"path":22763,"seo":26041,"stem":26042,"__hash__":26043},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23949,"toc":26005},[23950,23955,23961,23964,23975,23982,23984,24067,24071,24118,24123,24128,24133,24135,24151,24153,24252,24256,24313,24316,24318,24321,24414,24418,24481,24484,24500,24505,24507,24509,24524,24526,24537,24539,24582,24585,24629,24632,24634,24641,24644,24661,24663,24756,24760,24801,24813,24817,24820,24908,24912,24932,24935,24962,24969,24974,24978,24989,24991,25095,25099,25125,25128,25195,25200,25203,25226,25231,25235,25240,25246,25251,25253,25308,25312,25339,25346,25352,25355,25380,25386,25412,25415,25490,25497,25502,25504,25543,25561,25565,25568,25611,25614,25616,25635,25637,25642,25667,25670,25740,25743,25816,25820,25822,25883,25886,25902,25904,25909,25914,25921,25930,25936,25942,25949,25955,25959,25964,25966,26002],[10,23951,11195,23953,11199],{"id":23952},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[44,23954,16942],{},[14,23956,23957,23958,23960],{},"The Python dictionary ",[44,23959,16942],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,23962,23963],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[291,23965,23966,23969,23972],{},[294,23967,23968],{},"view the available keys",[294,23970,23971],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[294,23973,23974],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,23976,23977,23979,23980,30],{},[44,23978,16942],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[44,23981,16891],{},[32,23983,35],{"id":34},[37,23985,23987],{"className":39,"code":23986,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[44,23988,23989,24025,24039,24043,24053],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,23990,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23992,12743],{"class":53},[47,23994,58],{"class":57},[47,23996,10366],{"class":61},[47,23998,126],{"class":125},[47,24000,7542],{"class":129},[47,24002,126],{"class":125},[47,24004,2760],{"class":61},[47,24006,136],{"class":125},[47,24008,12760],{"class":129},[47,24010,126],{"class":125},[47,24012,69],{"class":61},[47,24014,136],{"class":125},[47,24016,9174],{"class":129},[47,24018,126],{"class":125},[47,24020,2760],{"class":61},[47,24022,965],{"class":65},[47,24024,9184],{"class":61},[47,24026,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24028,17119],{"class":53},[47,24030,58],{"class":57},[47,24032,12786],{"class":53},[47,24034,30],{"class":61},[47,24036,16800],{"class":173},[47,24038,241],{"class":61},[47,24040,24041],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,24042,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,24044,24045,24047,24049,24051],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,24046,167],{"class":166},[47,24048,170],{"class":61},[47,24050,16800],{"class":173},[47,24052,80],{"class":61},[47,24054,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,24056,167],{"class":166},[47,24058,170],{"class":61},[47,24060,7969],{"class":118},[47,24062,170],{"class":61},[47,24064,16800],{"class":173},[47,24066,506],{"class":61},[14,24068,24069],{},[575,24070,215],{},[37,24072,24074],{"className":39,"code":24073,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[44,24075,24076,24098],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24077,24078,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24079,16891],{"class":173},[47,24081,122],{"class":61},[47,24083,256],{"class":125},[47,24085,7542],{"class":129},[47,24087,256],{"class":125},[47,24089,69],{"class":61},[47,24091,265],{"class":125},[47,24093,9174],{"class":129},[47,24095,256],{"class":125},[47,24097,153],{"class":61},[47,24099,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24101,3773],{"class":61},[47,24103,256],{"class":125},[47,24105,7542],{"class":129},[47,24107,256],{"class":125},[47,24109,69],{"class":61},[47,24111,265],{"class":125},[47,24113,9174],{"class":129},[47,24115,256],{"class":125},[47,24117,1402],{"class":61},[14,24119,1967,24120,24122],{},[44,24121,16942],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[32,24124,3550,24126,3553],{"id":24125},"what-keys-does",[44,24127,16942],{},[14,24129,24130,24132],{},[44,24131,16942],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24134,11336],{},[291,24136,24137,24140,24143,24148],{},[294,24138,24139],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[294,24141,24142],{},"It does not need any arguments",[294,24144,17299,24145,24147],{},[44,24146,16891],{}," view object, not a list",[294,24149,24150],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24152,2083],{},[37,24154,24156],{"className":39,"code":24155,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[44,24157,24158,24194,24198,24212,24216,24238],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24159,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24161,13082],{"class":53},[47,24163,58],{"class":57},[47,24165,10366],{"class":61},[47,24167,126],{"class":125},[47,24169,7542],{"class":129},[47,24171,126],{"class":125},[47,24173,2760],{"class":61},[47,24175,136],{"class":125},[47,24177,13099],{"class":129},[47,24179,126],{"class":125},[47,24181,69],{"class":61},[47,24183,136],{"class":125},[47,24185,9174],{"class":129},[47,24187,126],{"class":125},[47,24189,2760],{"class":61},[47,24191,9181],{"class":65},[47,24193,9184],{"class":61},[47,24195,24196],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24197,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,24199,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208,24210],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,24201,167],{"class":166},[47,24203,170],{"class":61},[47,24205,17184],{"class":173},[47,24207,30],{"class":61},[47,24209,16800],{"class":173},[47,24211,7068],{"class":61},[47,24213,24214],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,24215,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,24217,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,24219,17184],{"class":53},[47,24221,3773],{"class":61},[47,24223,126],{"class":125},[47,24225,10284],{"class":129},[47,24227,126],{"class":125},[47,24229,13151],{"class":61},[47,24231,13154],{"class":57},[47,24233,136],{"class":125},[47,24235,10291],{"class":129},[47,24237,3230],{"class":125},[47,24239,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,24241,167],{"class":166},[47,24243,170],{"class":61},[47,24245,17184],{"class":173},[47,24247,30],{"class":61},[47,24249,16800],{"class":173},[47,24251,7068],{"class":61},[14,24253,24254],{},[575,24255,215],{},[37,24257,24259],{"className":39,"code":24258,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[44,24260,24261,24283],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24262,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24264,16891],{"class":173},[47,24266,122],{"class":61},[47,24268,256],{"class":125},[47,24270,7542],{"class":129},[47,24272,256],{"class":125},[47,24274,69],{"class":61},[47,24276,265],{"class":125},[47,24278,9174],{"class":129},[47,24280,256],{"class":125},[47,24282,153],{"class":61},[47,24284,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24286,16891],{"class":173},[47,24288,122],{"class":61},[47,24290,256],{"class":125},[47,24292,7542],{"class":129},[47,24294,256],{"class":125},[47,24296,69],{"class":61},[47,24298,265],{"class":125},[47,24300,9174],{"class":129},[47,24302,256],{"class":125},[47,24304,69],{"class":61},[47,24306,265],{"class":125},[47,24308,10284],{"class":129},[47,24310,256],{"class":125},[47,24312,153],{"class":61},[14,24314,24315],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[32,24317,5661],{"id":5660},[14,24319,24320],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[37,24322,24324],{"className":39,"code":24323,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[44,24325,24326,24378,24382,24396],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24327,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24329,392],{"class":53},[47,24331,58],{"class":57},[47,24333,10366],{"class":61},[47,24335,126],{"class":125},[47,24337,7542],{"class":129},[47,24339,126],{"class":125},[47,24341,2760],{"class":61},[47,24343,136],{"class":125},[47,24345,12760],{"class":129},[47,24347,126],{"class":125},[47,24349,69],{"class":61},[47,24351,136],{"class":125},[47,24353,9174],{"class":129},[47,24355,126],{"class":125},[47,24357,2760],{"class":61},[47,24359,965],{"class":65},[47,24361,69],{"class":61},[47,24363,136],{"class":125},[47,24365,19768],{"class":129},[47,24367,126],{"class":125},[47,24369,2760],{"class":61},[47,24371,136],{"class":125},[47,24373,22121],{"class":129},[47,24375,126],{"class":125},[47,24377,9184],{"class":61},[47,24379,24380],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24381,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,24383,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,24385,167],{"class":166},[47,24387,170],{"class":61},[47,24389,424],{"class":173},[47,24391,30],{"class":61},[47,24393,16800],{"class":173},[47,24395,7068],{"class":61},[47,24397,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410,24412],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,24399,167],{"class":166},[47,24401,170],{"class":61},[47,24403,7969],{"class":118},[47,24405,170],{"class":61},[47,24407,424],{"class":173},[47,24409,30],{"class":61},[47,24411,16800],{"class":173},[47,24413,6164],{"class":61},[14,24415,24416],{},[575,24417,215],{},[37,24419,24421],{"className":39,"code":24420,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[44,24422,24423,24453],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24424,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24426,16891],{"class":173},[47,24428,122],{"class":61},[47,24430,256],{"class":125},[47,24432,7542],{"class":129},[47,24434,256],{"class":125},[47,24436,69],{"class":61},[47,24438,265],{"class":125},[47,24440,9174],{"class":129},[47,24442,256],{"class":125},[47,24444,69],{"class":61},[47,24446,265],{"class":125},[47,24448,19768],{"class":129},[47,24450,256],{"class":125},[47,24452,153],{"class":61},[47,24454,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24456,3773],{"class":61},[47,24458,256],{"class":125},[47,24460,7542],{"class":129},[47,24462,256],{"class":125},[47,24464,69],{"class":61},[47,24466,265],{"class":125},[47,24468,9174],{"class":129},[47,24470,256],{"class":125},[47,24472,69],{"class":61},[47,24474,265],{"class":125},[47,24476,19768],{"class":129},[47,24478,256],{"class":125},[47,24480,1402],{"class":61},[14,24482,24483],{},"This shows two things:",[291,24485,24486,24494],{},[294,24487,24488,21851,24491,24493],{},[44,24489,24490],{},"data.keys()",[44,24492,16891],{}," object",[294,24495,24496,24499],{},[44,24497,24498],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24501,9030,24502,30],{},[21,24503,24504],{"href":9266},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[32,24506,5305],{"id":5304},[14,24508,2035],{},[37,24510,24512],{"className":39,"code":24511,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict.keys()\n",[44,24513,24514],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24515,24516,24518,24520,24522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24517,11327],{"class":53},[47,24519,30],{"class":61},[47,24521,16800],{"class":173},[47,24523,241],{"class":61},[14,24525,21676],{},[291,24527,24528,24531,24534],{},[294,24529,24530],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[294,24532,24533],{},"It takes no parameters",[294,24535,24536],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24538,724],{},[37,24540,24542],{"className":39,"code":24541,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[44,24543,24544,24568],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24545,24546,24548,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24547,12743],{"class":53},[47,24549,58],{"class":57},[47,24551,10366],{"class":61},[47,24553,126],{"class":125},[47,24555,7542],{"class":129},[47,24557,126],{"class":125},[47,24559,2760],{"class":61},[47,24561,136],{"class":125},[47,24563,12760],{"class":129},[47,24565,126],{"class":125},[47,24567,9184],{"class":61},[47,24569,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24571,167],{"class":166},[47,24573,170],{"class":61},[47,24575,13504],{"class":173},[47,24577,30],{"class":61},[47,24579,16800],{"class":173},[47,24581,7068],{"class":61},[14,24583,24584],{},"Incorrect:",[37,24586,24588],{"className":39,"code":24587,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[44,24589,24590,24614],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24591,24592,24594,24596,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606,24608,24610,24612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24593,12743],{"class":53},[47,24595,58],{"class":57},[47,24597,10366],{"class":61},[47,24599,126],{"class":125},[47,24601,7542],{"class":129},[47,24603,126],{"class":125},[47,24605,2760],{"class":61},[47,24607,136],{"class":125},[47,24609,12760],{"class":129},[47,24611,126],{"class":125},[47,24613,9184],{"class":61},[47,24615,24616,24618,24620,24622,24624,24627],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24617,167],{"class":166},[47,24619,170],{"class":61},[47,24621,13504],{"class":173},[47,24623,30],{"class":61},[47,24625,16800],{"class":24626},"skxfh",[47,24628,80],{"class":61},[14,24630,24631],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[32,24633,17296],{"id":17295},[14,24635,24636,21851,24638,24640],{},[44,24637,16942],{},[44,24639,16891],{}," object.",[14,24642,24643],{},"This object:",[291,24645,24646,24649,24652,24658],{},[294,24647,24648],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[294,24650,24651],{},"can be used in a loop",[294,24653,24654,24655],{},"can be converted with ",[44,24656,24657],{},"list()",[294,24659,24660],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24662,2083],{},[37,24664,24666],{"className":39,"code":24665,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[44,24667,24668,24709,24713,24728,24732,24742],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24669,24670,24673,24675,24677,24679,24682,24684,24686,24688,24691,24693,24695,24697,24700,24702,24704,24707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24671,24672],{"class":53},"car ",[47,24674,58],{"class":57},[47,24676,10366],{"class":61},[47,24678,126],{"class":125},[47,24680,24681],{"class":129},"brand",[47,24683,126],{"class":125},[47,24685,2760],{"class":61},[47,24687,136],{"class":125},[47,24689,24690],{"class":129},"Toyota",[47,24692,126],{"class":125},[47,24694,69],{"class":61},[47,24696,136],{"class":125},[47,24698,24699],{"class":129},"year",[47,24701,126],{"class":125},[47,24703,2760],{"class":61},[47,24705,24706],{"class":65}," 2020",[47,24708,9184],{"class":61},[47,24710,24711],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24712,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,24714,24715,24717,24719,24722,24724,24726],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,24716,2106],{"class":53},[47,24718,58],{"class":57},[47,24720,24721],{"class":53}," car",[47,24723,30],{"class":61},[47,24725,16800],{"class":173},[47,24727,241],{"class":61},[47,24729,24730],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,24731,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,24733,24734,24736,24738,24740],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,24735,167],{"class":166},[47,24737,170],{"class":61},[47,24739,2141],{"class":173},[47,24741,80],{"class":61},[47,24743,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752,24754],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,24745,167],{"class":166},[47,24747,170],{"class":61},[47,24749,499],{"class":118},[47,24751,170],{"class":61},[47,24753,2141],{"class":173},[47,24755,506],{"class":61},[14,24757,24758],{},[575,24759,215],{},[37,24761,24763],{"className":39,"code":24762,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[44,24764,24765,24787],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24766,24767,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24768,16891],{"class":173},[47,24770,122],{"class":61},[47,24772,256],{"class":125},[47,24774,24681],{"class":129},[47,24776,256],{"class":125},[47,24778,69],{"class":61},[47,24780,265],{"class":125},[47,24782,24699],{"class":129},[47,24784,256],{"class":125},[47,24786,153],{"class":61},[47,24788,24789,24791,24793,24795,24797,24799],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24790,522],{"class":57},[47,24792,526],{"class":525},[47,24794,265],{"class":125},[47,24796,16891],{"class":129},[47,24798,256],{"class":125},[47,24800,536],{"class":57},[14,24802,24803,24804,24808,24809,30],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[21,24805,10613,24806,10617],{"href":16945},[44,24807,16948],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[21,24810,10613,24811,10617],{"href":16952},[44,24812,16955],{},[32,24814,24816],{"id":24815},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,24818,24819],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[37,24821,24823],{"className":39,"code":24822,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[44,24824,24825,24878,24882,24898],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24826,24827,24829,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843,24845,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863,24865,24867,24869,24871,24874,24876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24828,12743],{"class":53},[47,24830,58],{"class":57},[47,24832,10366],{"class":61},[47,24834,126],{"class":125},[47,24836,7542],{"class":129},[47,24838,126],{"class":125},[47,24840,2760],{"class":61},[47,24842,136],{"class":125},[47,24844,12760],{"class":129},[47,24846,126],{"class":125},[47,24848,69],{"class":61},[47,24850,136],{"class":125},[47,24852,9174],{"class":129},[47,24854,126],{"class":125},[47,24856,2760],{"class":61},[47,24858,965],{"class":65},[47,24860,69],{"class":61},[47,24862,136],{"class":125},[47,24864,15206],{"class":129},[47,24866,126],{"class":125},[47,24868,2760],{"class":61},[47,24870,136],{"class":125},[47,24872,24873],{"class":129},"Math",[47,24875,126],{"class":125},[47,24877,9184],{"class":61},[47,24879,24880],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24881,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,24883,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,24885,5832],{"class":3749},[47,24887,18085],{"class":53},[47,24889,3756],{"class":3749},[47,24891,12786],{"class":53},[47,24893,30],{"class":61},[47,24895,16800],{"class":173},[47,24897,21471],{"class":61},[47,24899,24900,24902,24904,24906],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,24901,7944],{"class":166},[47,24903,170],{"class":61},[47,24905,14720],{"class":173},[47,24907,80],{"class":61},[14,24909,24910],{},[575,24911,215],{},[37,24913,24915],{"className":39,"code":24914,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[44,24916,24917,24922,24927],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24918,24919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24920,24921],{"class":53},"name\n",[47,24923,24924],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24925,24926],{"class":53},"age\n",[47,24928,24929],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,24930,24931],{"class":53},"course\n",[14,24933,24934],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[37,24936,24938],{"className":39,"code":24937,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[44,24939,24940,24952],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24941,24942,24944,24946,24948,24950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24943,5832],{"class":3749},[47,24945,18085],{"class":53},[47,24947,3756],{"class":3749},[47,24949,12786],{"class":53},[47,24951,6268],{"class":61},[47,24953,24954,24956,24958,24960],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24955,7944],{"class":166},[47,24957,170],{"class":61},[47,24959,14720],{"class":173},[47,24961,80],{"class":61},[14,24963,24964,24965,24968],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[44,24966,24967],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[32,24970,4836,24972],{"id":24971},"when-to-use-keys",[44,24973,16942],{},[14,24975,1967,24976,10477],{},[44,24977,16942],{},[291,24979,24980,24983,24986],{},[294,24981,24982],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[294,24984,24985],{},"you want to display available fields",[294,24987,24988],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,24990,2083],{},[37,24992,24994],{"className":39,"code":24993,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[44,24995,24996,25049,25053,25068,25085],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,24997,24998,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25018,25020,25022,25024,25027,25029,25031,25034,25036,25038,25041,25043,25045,25047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24999,25000],{"class":53},"product ",[47,25002,58],{"class":57},[47,25004,10366],{"class":61},[47,25006,126],{"class":125},[47,25008,7542],{"class":129},[47,25010,126],{"class":125},[47,25012,2760],{"class":61},[47,25014,136],{"class":125},[47,25016,25017],{"class":129},"Book",[47,25019,126],{"class":125},[47,25021,69],{"class":61},[47,25023,136],{"class":125},[47,25025,25026],{"class":129},"price",[47,25028,126],{"class":125},[47,25030,2760],{"class":61},[47,25032,25033],{"class":65}," 12.99",[47,25035,69],{"class":61},[47,25037,136],{"class":125},[47,25039,25040],{"class":129},"stock",[47,25042,126],{"class":125},[47,25044,2760],{"class":61},[47,25046,4480],{"class":65},[47,25048,9184],{"class":61},[47,25050,25051],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25052,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,25054,25055,25057,25059,25061,25064,25066],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25056,167],{"class":166},[47,25058,170],{"class":61},[47,25060,126],{"class":125},[47,25062,25063],{"class":129},"Available fields:",[47,25065,126],{"class":125},[47,25067,80],{"class":61},[47,25069,25070,25072,25074,25076,25079,25081,25083],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,25071,5832],{"class":3749},[47,25073,18085],{"class":53},[47,25075,3756],{"class":3749},[47,25077,25078],{"class":53}," product",[47,25080,30],{"class":61},[47,25082,16800],{"class":173},[47,25084,21471],{"class":61},[47,25086,25087,25089,25091,25093],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,25088,7944],{"class":166},[47,25090,170],{"class":61},[47,25092,14720],{"class":173},[47,25094,80],{"class":61},[14,25096,25097],{},[575,25098,215],{},[37,25100,25102],{"className":39,"code":25101,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[44,25103,25104,25111,25115,25120],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25105,25106,25109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25107,25108],{"class":53},"Available fields",[47,25110,6268],{"class":61},[47,25112,25113],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25114,24921],{"class":53},[47,25116,25117],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25118,25119],{"class":53},"price\n",[47,25121,25122],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,25123,25124],{"class":53},"stock\n",[14,25126,25127],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[37,25129,25131],{"className":39,"code":25130,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[44,25132,25133,25169,25173],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25134,25135,25137,25139,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25136,25000],{"class":53},[47,25138,58],{"class":57},[47,25140,10366],{"class":61},[47,25142,126],{"class":125},[47,25144,7542],{"class":129},[47,25146,126],{"class":125},[47,25148,2760],{"class":61},[47,25150,136],{"class":125},[47,25152,25017],{"class":129},[47,25154,126],{"class":125},[47,25156,69],{"class":61},[47,25158,136],{"class":125},[47,25160,25026],{"class":129},[47,25162,126],{"class":125},[47,25164,2760],{"class":61},[47,25166,25033],{"class":65},[47,25168,9184],{"class":61},[47,25170,25171],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25172,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,25174,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25176,167],{"class":166},[47,25178,170],{"class":61},[47,25180,126],{"class":125},[47,25182,7542],{"class":129},[47,25184,126],{"class":125},[47,25186,21049],{"class":3749},[47,25188,25078],{"class":173},[47,25190,30],{"class":61},[47,25192,16800],{"class":173},[47,25194,7068],{"class":61},[14,25196,25197,25198,30],{},"This works and returns ",[44,25199,3477],{},[14,25201,25202],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[37,25204,25206],{"className":39,"code":25205,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[44,25207,25208],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25209,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25222,25224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25211,167],{"class":166},[47,25213,170],{"class":61},[47,25215,126],{"class":125},[47,25217,7542],{"class":129},[47,25219,126],{"class":125},[47,25221,21049],{"class":3749},[47,25223,25078],{"class":173},[47,25225,80],{"class":61},[14,25227,25228,25229,30],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[21,25230,21082],{"href":17030},[32,25232,25234],{"id":25233},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25236,25237,25238,30],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[44,25239,16942],{},[773,25241,8330,25243,25245],{"id":25242},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[44,25244,16942],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25247,25248,25250],{},[44,25249,16942],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25252,2083],{},[37,25254,25256],{"className":39,"code":25255,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[44,25257,25258,25294],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25259,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290,25292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25261,392],{"class":53},[47,25263,58],{"class":57},[47,25265,10366],{"class":61},[47,25267,126],{"class":125},[47,25269,7542],{"class":129},[47,25271,126],{"class":125},[47,25273,2760],{"class":61},[47,25275,136],{"class":125},[47,25277,12760],{"class":129},[47,25279,126],{"class":125},[47,25281,69],{"class":61},[47,25283,136],{"class":125},[47,25285,9174],{"class":129},[47,25287,126],{"class":125},[47,25289,2760],{"class":61},[47,25291,965],{"class":65},[47,25293,9184],{"class":61},[47,25295,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25297,167],{"class":166},[47,25299,170],{"class":61},[47,25301,424],{"class":173},[47,25303,30],{"class":61},[47,25305,16800],{"class":173},[47,25307,7068],{"class":61},[14,25309,25310],{},[575,25311,215],{},[37,25313,25315],{"className":39,"code":25314,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[44,25316,25317],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25318,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329,25331,25333,25335,25337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25320,16891],{"class":173},[47,25322,122],{"class":61},[47,25324,256],{"class":125},[47,25326,7542],{"class":129},[47,25328,256],{"class":125},[47,25330,69],{"class":61},[47,25332,265],{"class":125},[47,25334,9174],{"class":129},[47,25336,256],{"class":125},[47,25338,153],{"class":61},[14,25340,25341,25342,30],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[21,25343,25344],{"href":16952},[44,25345,16955],{},[773,25347,25349,25350],{"id":25348},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[44,25351,16891],{},[14,25353,25354],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[37,25356,25358],{"className":39,"code":25357,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['name', 'age']\n",[44,25359,25360],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25361,25362,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376,25378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25363,3773],{"class":61},[47,25365,256],{"class":125},[47,25367,7542],{"class":129},[47,25369,256],{"class":125},[47,25371,69],{"class":61},[47,25373,265],{"class":125},[47,25375,9174],{"class":129},[47,25377,256],{"class":125},[47,25379,1402],{"class":61},[14,25381,25382,25383,25385],{},"But ",[44,25384,16942],{}," returns:",[37,25387,25388],{"className":39,"code":25314,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,25389,25390],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25391,25392,25394,25396,25398,25400,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25393,16891],{"class":173},[47,25395,122],{"class":61},[47,25397,256],{"class":125},[47,25399,7542],{"class":129},[47,25401,256],{"class":125},[47,25403,69],{"class":61},[47,25405,265],{"class":125},[47,25407,9174],{"class":129},[47,25409,256],{"class":125},[47,25411,153],{"class":61},[14,25413,25414],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[37,25416,25418],{"className":39,"code":25417,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[44,25419,25420,25456,25475,25479],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25421,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25423,392],{"class":53},[47,25425,58],{"class":57},[47,25427,10366],{"class":61},[47,25429,126],{"class":125},[47,25431,7542],{"class":129},[47,25433,126],{"class":125},[47,25435,2760],{"class":61},[47,25437,136],{"class":125},[47,25439,12760],{"class":129},[47,25441,126],{"class":125},[47,25443,69],{"class":61},[47,25445,136],{"class":125},[47,25447,9174],{"class":129},[47,25449,126],{"class":125},[47,25451,2760],{"class":61},[47,25453,965],{"class":65},[47,25455,9184],{"class":61},[47,25457,25458,25461,25463,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25459,25460],{"class":53},"key_list ",[47,25462,58],{"class":57},[47,25464,22436],{"class":118},[47,25466,170],{"class":61},[47,25468,424],{"class":173},[47,25470,30],{"class":61},[47,25472,16800],{"class":173},[47,25474,7068],{"class":61},[47,25476,25477],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25478,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,25480,25481,25483,25485,25488],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,25482,167],{"class":166},[47,25484,170],{"class":61},[47,25486,25487],{"class":173},"key_list",[47,25489,80],{"class":61},[773,25491,25493,25494,25496],{"id":25492},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[44,25495,16942],{}," on a list or string",[14,25498,25499,25501],{},[44,25500,16942],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25503,2712],{},[37,25505,25507],{"className":39,"code":25506,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[44,25508,25509,25529],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25510,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25512,54],{"class":53},[47,25514,58],{"class":57},[47,25516,957],{"class":61},[47,25518,66],{"class":65},[47,25520,69],{"class":61},[47,25522,72],{"class":65},[47,25524,69],{"class":61},[47,25526,77],{"class":65},[47,25528,1402],{"class":61},[47,25530,25531,25533,25535,25537,25539,25541],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25532,167],{"class":166},[47,25534,170],{"class":61},[47,25536,174],{"class":173},[47,25538,30],{"class":61},[47,25540,16800],{"class":173},[47,25542,7068],{"class":61},[14,25544,25545,25546,25549,25550,25552,25553,30],{},"You may get an ",[44,25547,25548],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[44,25551,16942],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[21,25554,25556,25557,25560],{"href":25555},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[44,25558,25559],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[773,25562,25564],{"id":25563},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25566,25567],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[37,25569,25571],{"className":39,"code":25570,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[44,25572,25573,25597],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25574,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25576,392],{"class":53},[47,25578,58],{"class":57},[47,25580,10366],{"class":61},[47,25582,126],{"class":125},[47,25584,7542],{"class":129},[47,25586,126],{"class":125},[47,25588,2760],{"class":61},[47,25590,136],{"class":125},[47,25592,12760],{"class":129},[47,25594,126],{"class":125},[47,25596,9184],{"class":61},[47,25598,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25600,167],{"class":166},[47,25602,170],{"class":61},[47,25604,424],{"class":173},[47,25606,30],{"class":61},[47,25608,16800],{"class":24626},[47,25610,80],{"class":61},[14,25612,25613],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25615,18571],{},[37,25617,25619],{"className":39,"code":25618,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(data.keys())\n",[44,25620,25621],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25622,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631,25633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25624,167],{"class":166},[47,25626,170],{"class":61},[47,25628,424],{"class":173},[47,25630,30],{"class":61},[47,25632,16800],{"class":173},[47,25634,7068],{"class":61},[32,25636,1284],{"id":1283},[14,25638,25639,25640,2760],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[44,25641,16942],{},[291,25643,25644,25649,25655,25661],{},[294,25645,8294,25646,25648],{},[44,25647,16942],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[294,25650,25651,25652,25654],{},"Thinking ",[44,25653,16942],{}," returns values too",[294,25656,25657,25658,25660],{},"Trying to index ",[44,25659,16891],{}," like a normal list",[294,25662,25663,25664,25666],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[44,25665,16891],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25668,25669],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[37,25671,25673],{"className":39,"code":25672,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[44,25674,25675,25707,25721,25725,25735],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25676,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691,25693,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25678,392],{"class":53},[47,25680,58],{"class":57},[47,25682,10366],{"class":61},[47,25684,126],{"class":125},[47,25686,21],{"class":129},[47,25688,126],{"class":125},[47,25690,2760],{"class":61},[47,25692,1242],{"class":65},[47,25694,69],{"class":61},[47,25696,136],{"class":125},[47,25698,139],{"class":129},[47,25700,126],{"class":125},[47,25702,2760],{"class":61},[47,25704,72],{"class":65},[47,25706,9184],{"class":61},[47,25708,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25710,17119],{"class":53},[47,25712,58],{"class":57},[47,25714,14445],{"class":53},[47,25716,30],{"class":61},[47,25718,16800],{"class":173},[47,25720,241],{"class":61},[47,25722,25723],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25724,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,25726,25727,25729,25731,25733],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,25728,167],{"class":166},[47,25730,170],{"class":61},[47,25732,16800],{"class":173},[47,25734,80],{"class":61},[47,25736,25737],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,25738,25739],{"class":1494},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,25741,25742],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[37,25744,25746],{"className":39,"code":25745,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[44,25747,25748,25780,25798,25802],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25749,25750,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764,25766,25768,25770,25772,25774,25776,25778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25751,392],{"class":53},[47,25753,58],{"class":57},[47,25755,10366],{"class":61},[47,25757,126],{"class":125},[47,25759,21],{"class":129},[47,25761,126],{"class":125},[47,25763,2760],{"class":61},[47,25765,1242],{"class":65},[47,25767,69],{"class":61},[47,25769,136],{"class":125},[47,25771,139],{"class":129},[47,25773,126],{"class":125},[47,25775,2760],{"class":61},[47,25777,72],{"class":65},[47,25779,9184],{"class":61},[47,25781,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25783,17119],{"class":53},[47,25785,58],{"class":57},[47,25787,22436],{"class":118},[47,25789,170],{"class":61},[47,25791,424],{"class":173},[47,25793,30],{"class":61},[47,25795,16800],{"class":173},[47,25797,7068],{"class":61},[47,25799,25800],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25801,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,25803,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,25805,167],{"class":166},[47,25807,170],{"class":61},[47,25809,16800],{"class":173},[47,25811,3773],{"class":61},[47,25813,1237],{"class":65},[47,25815,153],{"class":61},[32,25817,25819],{"id":25818},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,25821,10990],{},[37,25823,25825],{"className":39,"code":25824,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[44,25826,25827,25841,25851,25865],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,25828,25829,25831,25833,25835,25837,25839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25830,167],{"class":166},[47,25832,170],{"class":61},[47,25834,499],{"class":118},[47,25836,170],{"class":61},[47,25838,11327],{"class":173},[47,25840,506],{"class":61},[47,25842,25843,25845,25847,25849],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25844,167],{"class":166},[47,25846,170],{"class":61},[47,25848,11327],{"class":173},[47,25850,80],{"class":61},[47,25852,25853,25855,25857,25859,25861,25863],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25854,167],{"class":166},[47,25856,170],{"class":61},[47,25858,11327],{"class":173},[47,25860,30],{"class":61},[47,25862,16800],{"class":173},[47,25864,7068],{"class":61},[47,25866,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,25868,167],{"class":166},[47,25870,170],{"class":61},[47,25872,7969],{"class":118},[47,25874,170],{"class":61},[47,25876,11327],{"class":173},[47,25878,30],{"class":61},[47,25880,16800],{"class":173},[47,25882,6164],{"class":61},[14,25884,25885],{},"These help you confirm:",[291,25887,25888,25891,25894,25899],{},[294,25889,25890],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[294,25892,25893],{},"what data it contains",[294,25895,25896,25897,11584],{},"what ",[44,25898,16942],{},[294,25900,25901],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[32,25903,1708],{"id":1707},[773,25905,23794,25907,5020],{"id":25906},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[44,25908,16942],{},[14,25910,17299,25911,25913],{},[44,25912,16891],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[773,25915,14782,25917,25920],{"id":25916},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[44,25918,25919],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,25922,25923,25924,25926,25927,30],{},"No. It returns a ",[44,25925,16891],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[44,25928,25929],{},"list(dict.keys())",[773,25931,25933,25934,2368],{"id":25932},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[44,25935,25919],{},[14,25937,25938,25939,25941],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[44,25940,5832],{}," loop.",[773,25943,25945,25946,25948],{"id":25944},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[44,25947,16942],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,25950,25951,25952,25954],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[44,25953,16942],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[773,25956,25958],{"id":25957},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,25960,1967,25961,30],{},[44,25962,25963],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[32,25965,1758],{"id":1757},[291,25967,25968,25973,25979,25985,25991,25995],{},[294,25969,25970],{},[21,25971,25972],{"href":9266},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[294,25974,25975],{},[21,25976,10613,25977,10617],{"href":16945},[44,25978,16948],{},[294,25980,25981],{},[21,25982,10613,25983,10617],{"href":16952},[44,25984,16955],{},[294,25986,25987],{},[21,25988,25990],{"href":25989},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[294,25992,25993],{},[21,25994,17031],{"href":17030},[294,25996,25997],{},[21,25998,25999,26000,25560],{"href":25555},"How to fix ",[44,26001,25559],{},[1796,26003,26004],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":26006},[26007,26008,26010,26011,26012,26013,26014,26016,26025,26026,26027,26038],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":24125,"depth":83,"text":26009},"What keys() does",{"id":5660,"depth":83,"text":5661},{"id":5304,"depth":83,"text":5305},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":24815,"depth":83,"text":24816},{"id":24971,"depth":83,"text":26015},"When to use keys()",{"id":25233,"depth":83,"text":25234,"children":26017},[26018,26020,26022,26024],{"id":25242,"depth":94,"text":26019},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25348,"depth":94,"text":26021},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25492,"depth":94,"text":26023},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25563,"depth":94,"text":25564},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":25818,"depth":83,"text":25819},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":26028},[26029,26031,26033,26035,26037],{"id":25906,"depth":94,"text":26030},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25916,"depth":94,"text":26032},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25932,"depth":94,"text":26034},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25944,"depth":94,"text":26036},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25957,"depth":94,"text":25958},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23947,"description":26039},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26045,"title":26046,"body":26047,"description":28320,"extension":1837,"meta":28321,"navigation":159,"path":28322,"seo":28323,"stem":28324,"__hash__":28325},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26048,"toc":28273},[26049,26054,26059,26062,26064,26210,26223,26228,26232,26246,26248,26351,26360,26362,26365,26403,26428,26430,26537,26539,26546,26549,26557,26559,26700,26708,26713,26717,26728,26730,26892,26895,26903,26910,26916,27013,27019,27096,27099,27111,27116,27122,27125,27129,27218,27221,27225,27329,27336,27423,27432,27434,27439,27445,27448,27494,27497,27563,27572,27578,27671,27677,27683,27726,27729,27794,27800,27892,27895,27899,27905,27930,27933,28029,28036,28038,28043,28134,28136,28164,28169,28171,28178,28181,28185,28195,28200,28203,28210,28220,28227,28235,28237,28270],[10,26050,11195,26052,11199],{"id":26051},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[44,26053,12642],{},[14,26055,26056,26058],{},[44,26057,12449],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26060,26061],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[32,26063,3482],{"id":3481},[37,26065,26067],{"className":39,"code":26066,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[44,26068,26069,26105,26129,26143,26156,26160,26165,26197],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,26070,26071,26073,26075,26077,26079,26081,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26072,13082],{"class":53},[47,26074,58],{"class":57},[47,26076,10366],{"class":61},[47,26078,126],{"class":125},[47,26080,7542],{"class":129},[47,26082,126],{"class":125},[47,26084,2760],{"class":61},[47,26086,136],{"class":125},[47,26088,12760],{"class":129},[47,26090,126],{"class":125},[47,26092,69],{"class":61},[47,26094,136],{"class":125},[47,26096,9174],{"class":129},[47,26098,126],{"class":125},[47,26100,2760],{"class":61},[47,26102,9181],{"class":65},[47,26104,9184],{"class":61},[47,26106,26107,26110,26112,26114,26116,26119,26121,26123,26125,26127],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26108,26109],{"class":53},"removed_age ",[47,26111,58],{"class":57},[47,26113,13125],{"class":53},[47,26115,30],{"class":61},[47,26117,26118],{"class":173},"pop",[47,26120,170],{"class":61},[47,26122,126],{"class":125},[47,26124,9174],{"class":129},[47,26126,126],{"class":125},[47,26128,80],{"class":61},[47,26130,26131,26133,26135,26138,26140],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26132,167],{"class":166},[47,26134,170],{"class":61},[47,26136,26137],{"class":173},"removed_age",[47,26139,3533],{"class":61},[47,26141,26142],{"class":1494},"   # 25\n",[47,26144,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26146,167],{"class":166},[47,26148,170],{"class":61},[47,26150,17184],{"class":173},[47,26152,3533],{"class":61},[47,26154,26155],{"class":1494},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[47,26157,26158],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,26159,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,26161,26162],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,26163,26164],{"class":1494},"# Safe version with default value\n",[47,26166,26167,26170,26172,26174,26176,26178,26180,26182,26184,26186,26188,26190,26193,26195],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,26168,26169],{"class":53},"country ",[47,26171,58],{"class":57},[47,26173,13125],{"class":53},[47,26175,30],{"class":61},[47,26177,26118],{"class":173},[47,26179,170],{"class":61},[47,26181,126],{"class":125},[47,26183,15139],{"class":129},[47,26185,126],{"class":125},[47,26187,69],{"class":61},[47,26189,136],{"class":125},[47,26191,26192],{"class":129},"Not found",[47,26194,126],{"class":125},[47,26196,80],{"class":61},[47,26198,26199,26201,26203,26205,26207],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,26200,167],{"class":166},[47,26202,170],{"class":61},[47,26204,15139],{"class":173},[47,26206,3533],{"class":61},[47,26208,26209],{"class":1494},"       # Not found\n",[14,26211,1967,26212,26215,26216,26219,26220,26222],{},[44,26213,26214],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[44,26217,26218],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[44,26221,19564],{}," when the key might not exist.",[32,26224,3550,26226,3553],{"id":26225},"what-dictpop-does",[44,26227,12449],{},[14,26229,26230,2760],{},[44,26231,12449],{},[291,26233,26234,26237,26240,26243],{},[294,26235,26236],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[294,26238,26239],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[294,26241,26242],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[294,26244,26245],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26247,2083],{},[37,26249,26251],{"className":39,"code":26250,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[44,26252,26253,26293,26297,26320,26324,26338],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,26254,26255,26257,26259,26261,26263,26265,26267,26269,26271,26273,26275,26277,26279,26281,26283,26285,26287,26289,26291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26256,11366],{"class":53},[47,26258,58],{"class":57},[47,26260,10366],{"class":61},[47,26262,126],{"class":125},[47,26264,7542],{"class":129},[47,26266,126],{"class":125},[47,26268,2760],{"class":61},[47,26270,136],{"class":125},[47,26272,13099],{"class":129},[47,26274,126],{"class":125},[47,26276,69],{"class":61},[47,26278,136],{"class":125},[47,26280,10284],{"class":129},[47,26282,126],{"class":125},[47,26284,2760],{"class":61},[47,26286,136],{"class":125},[47,26288,10291],{"class":129},[47,26290,126],{"class":125},[47,26292,9184],{"class":61},[47,26294,26295],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26296,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,26298,26299,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310,26312,26314,26316,26318],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26300,26301],{"class":53},"removed_city ",[47,26303,58],{"class":57},[47,26305,11449],{"class":53},[47,26307,30],{"class":61},[47,26309,26118],{"class":173},[47,26311,170],{"class":61},[47,26313,126],{"class":125},[47,26315,10284],{"class":129},[47,26317,126],{"class":125},[47,26319,80],{"class":61},[47,26321,26322],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26323,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,26325,26326,26328,26330,26333,26335],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,26327,167],{"class":166},[47,26329,170],{"class":61},[47,26331,26332],{"class":173},"removed_city",[47,26334,3533],{"class":61},[47,26336,26337],{"class":1494},"  # Paris\n",[47,26339,26340,26342,26344,26346,26348],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,26341,167],{"class":166},[47,26343,170],{"class":61},[47,26345,11460],{"class":173},[47,26347,3533],{"class":61},[47,26349,26350],{"class":1494},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26352,20648,26353,26356,26357,30],{},[44,26354,26355],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[44,26358,26359],{},"\"Paris\"",[32,26361,2032],{"id":2031},[14,26363,26364],{},"There are two common forms:",[37,26366,26368],{"className":39,"code":26367,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[44,26369,26370,26384],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,26371,26372,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26373,11327],{"class":53},[47,26375,30],{"class":61},[47,26377,26118],{"class":173},[47,26379,170],{"class":61},[47,26381,14720],{"class":173},[47,26383,80],{"class":61},[47,26385,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396,26398,26401],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26387,11327],{"class":53},[47,26389,30],{"class":61},[47,26391,26118],{"class":173},[47,26393,170],{"class":61},[47,26395,14720],{"class":173},[47,26397,69],{"class":61},[47,26399,26400],{"class":173}," default",[47,26402,80],{"class":61},[291,26404,26405,26411,26419,26425],{},[294,26406,26407,26410],{},[44,26408,26409],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[294,26412,26413,26415,26416,26418],{},[44,26414,26409],{}," raises ",[44,26417,19564],{}," if the key is missing",[294,26420,26421,26424],{},[44,26422,26423],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[294,26426,26427],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26429,2083],{},[37,26431,26433],{"className":39,"code":26432,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[44,26434,26435,26467,26471,26496,26524],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,26436,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445,26447,26449,26451,26453,26455,26457,26459,26461,26463,26465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26438,4939],{"class":53},[47,26440,58],{"class":57},[47,26442,10366],{"class":61},[47,26444,126],{"class":125},[47,26446,18293],{"class":129},[47,26448,126],{"class":125},[47,26450,2760],{"class":61},[47,26452,19775],{"class":65},[47,26454,69],{"class":61},[47,26456,136],{"class":125},[47,26458,18302],{"class":129},[47,26460,126],{"class":125},[47,26462,2760],{"class":61},[47,26464,13385],{"class":65},[47,26466,9184],{"class":61},[47,26468,26469],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26470,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,26472,26473,26475,26477,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26474,167],{"class":166},[47,26476,170],{"class":61},[47,26478,16267],{"class":173},[47,26480,30],{"class":61},[47,26482,26118],{"class":173},[47,26484,170],{"class":61},[47,26486,126],{"class":125},[47,26488,18293],{"class":129},[47,26490,126],{"class":125},[47,26492,5235],{"class":61},[47,26494,26495],{"class":1494},"         # 90\n",[47,26497,26498,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518,26520,26522],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26499,167],{"class":166},[47,26501,170],{"class":61},[47,26503,16267],{"class":173},[47,26505,30],{"class":61},[47,26507,26118],{"class":173},[47,26509,170],{"class":61},[47,26511,126],{"class":125},[47,26513,18311],{"class":129},[47,26515,126],{"class":125},[47,26517,69],{"class":61},[47,26519,3706],{"class":65},[47,26521,5235],{"class":61},[47,26523,20645],{"class":1494},[47,26525,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,26527,167],{"class":166},[47,26529,170],{"class":61},[47,26531,16267],{"class":173},[47,26533,3533],{"class":61},[47,26535,26536],{"class":1494},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[32,26538,17296],{"id":17295},[14,26540,26541,13932,26543,26545],{},[44,26542,12642],{},[575,26544,577],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26547,26548],{},"Instead, it returns:",[291,26550,26551,26554],{},[294,26552,26553],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[294,26555,26556],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26558,2083],{},[37,26560,26562],{"className":39,"code":26561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[44,26563,26564,26596,26600,26623,26655,26659,26673,26687],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,26565,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26567,392],{"class":53},[47,26569,58],{"class":57},[47,26571,10366],{"class":61},[47,26573,126],{"class":125},[47,26575,21],{"class":129},[47,26577,126],{"class":125},[47,26579,2760],{"class":61},[47,26581,5879],{"class":65},[47,26583,69],{"class":61},[47,26585,136],{"class":125},[47,26587,139],{"class":129},[47,26589,126],{"class":125},[47,26591,2760],{"class":61},[47,26593,965],{"class":65},[47,26595,9184],{"class":61},[47,26597,26598],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26599,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,26601,26602,26605,26607,26609,26611,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26603,26604],{"class":53},"result1 ",[47,26606,58],{"class":57},[47,26608,14445],{"class":53},[47,26610,30],{"class":61},[47,26612,26118],{"class":173},[47,26614,170],{"class":61},[47,26616,126],{"class":125},[47,26618,21],{"class":129},[47,26620,126],{"class":125},[47,26622,80],{"class":61},[47,26624,26625,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26651,26653],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26626,26627],{"class":53},"result2 ",[47,26629,58],{"class":57},[47,26631,14445],{"class":53},[47,26633,30],{"class":61},[47,26635,26118],{"class":173},[47,26637,170],{"class":61},[47,26639,126],{"class":125},[47,26641,148],{"class":129},[47,26643,126],{"class":125},[47,26645,69],{"class":61},[47,26647,136],{"class":125},[47,26649,26650],{"class":129},"missing",[47,26652,126],{"class":125},[47,26654,80],{"class":61},[47,26656,26657],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,26658,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,26660,26661,26663,26665,26668,26670],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,26662,167],{"class":166},[47,26664,170],{"class":61},[47,26666,26667],{"class":173},"result1",[47,26669,3533],{"class":61},[47,26671,26672],{"class":1494},"  # 10\n",[47,26674,26675,26677,26679,26682,26684],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,26676,167],{"class":166},[47,26678,170],{"class":61},[47,26680,26681],{"class":173},"result2",[47,26683,3533],{"class":61},[47,26685,26686],{"class":1494},"  # missing\n",[47,26688,26689,26691,26693,26695,26697],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,26690,167],{"class":166},[47,26692,170],{"class":61},[47,26694,424],{"class":173},[47,26696,3533],{"class":61},[47,26698,26699],{"class":1494},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26701,26702,26703,6504],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[21,26704,26705],{"href":10612},[44,26706,26707],{},"dict.get()",[32,26709,4836,26711],{"id":26710},"when-to-use-pop",[44,26712,12642],{},[14,26714,1967,26715,10477],{},[44,26716,12642],{},[291,26718,26719,26722,26725],{},[294,26720,26721],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[294,26723,26724],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[294,26726,26727],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26729,2083],{},[37,26731,26733],{"className":39,"code":26732,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[44,26734,26735,26787,26791,26818,26822,26846,26850,26864,26878],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,26736,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766,26768,26771,26773,26775,26778,26780,26782,26785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26738,25000],{"class":53},[47,26740,58],{"class":57},[47,26742,10366],{"class":61},[47,26744,126],{"class":125},[47,26746,7542],{"class":129},[47,26748,126],{"class":125},[47,26750,2760],{"class":61},[47,26752,136],{"class":125},[47,26754,26755],{"class":129},"Laptop",[47,26757,126],{"class":125},[47,26759,69],{"class":61},[47,26761,136],{"class":125},[47,26763,25026],{"class":129},[47,26765,126],{"class":125},[47,26767,2760],{"class":61},[47,26769,26770],{"class":65}," 1200",[47,26772,69],{"class":61},[47,26774,136],{"class":125},[47,26776,26777],{"class":129},"discount",[47,26779,126],{"class":125},[47,26781,2760],{"class":61},[47,26783,26784],{"class":65}," 200",[47,26786,9184],{"class":61},[47,26788,26789],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26790,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,26792,26793,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812,26814,26816],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26794,26795],{"class":53},"discount_amount ",[47,26797,58],{"class":57},[47,26799,25078],{"class":53},[47,26801,30],{"class":61},[47,26803,26118],{"class":173},[47,26805,170],{"class":61},[47,26807,126],{"class":125},[47,26809,26777],{"class":129},[47,26811,126],{"class":125},[47,26813,69],{"class":61},[47,26815,3706],{"class":65},[47,26817,80],{"class":61},[47,26819,26820],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26821,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,26823,26824,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,26825,26826],{"class":53},"final_price ",[47,26828,58],{"class":57},[47,26830,25078],{"class":53},[47,26832,3773],{"class":61},[47,26834,126],{"class":125},[47,26836,25026],{"class":129},[47,26838,126],{"class":125},[47,26840,13151],{"class":61},[47,26842,2098],{"class":57},[47,26844,26845],{"class":53}," discount_amount\n",[47,26847,26848],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,26849,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,26851,26852,26854,26856,26859,26861],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,26853,167],{"class":166},[47,26855,170],{"class":61},[47,26857,26858],{"class":173},"discount_amount",[47,26860,3533],{"class":61},[47,26862,26863],{"class":1494},"  # 200\n",[47,26865,26866,26868,26870,26873,26875],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,26867,167],{"class":166},[47,26869,170],{"class":61},[47,26871,26872],{"class":173},"final_price",[47,26874,3533],{"class":61},[47,26876,26877],{"class":1494},"      # 1000\n",[47,26879,26880,26882,26884,26887,26889],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,26881,167],{"class":166},[47,26883,170],{"class":61},[47,26885,26886],{"class":173},"product",[47,26888,3533],{"class":61},[47,26890,26891],{"class":1494},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,26893,26894],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[32,26896,26898,10461,26900],{"id":26897},"pop-vs-del",[44,26899,12642],{},[44,26901,26902],{},"del",[14,26904,10466,26905,4267,26907,26909],{},[44,26906,12642],{},[44,26908,26902],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[773,26911,1967,26913,26915],{"id":26912},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[44,26914,12642],{}," when you need the removed value",[37,26917,26919],{"className":39,"code":26918,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,26920,26921,26957,26961,26983,26987,27000],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,26922,26923,26925,26927,26929,26931,26933,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943,26945,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26924,13082],{"class":53},[47,26926,58],{"class":57},[47,26928,10366],{"class":61},[47,26930,126],{"class":125},[47,26932,7542],{"class":129},[47,26934,126],{"class":125},[47,26936,2760],{"class":61},[47,26938,136],{"class":125},[47,26940,12760],{"class":129},[47,26942,126],{"class":125},[47,26944,69],{"class":61},[47,26946,136],{"class":125},[47,26948,9174],{"class":129},[47,26950,126],{"class":125},[47,26952,2760],{"class":61},[47,26954,9181],{"class":65},[47,26956,9184],{"class":61},[47,26958,26959],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26960,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,26962,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26964,21504],{"class":53},[47,26966,58],{"class":57},[47,26968,13125],{"class":53},[47,26970,30],{"class":61},[47,26972,26118],{"class":173},[47,26974,170],{"class":61},[47,26976,126],{"class":125},[47,26978,9174],{"class":129},[47,26980,126],{"class":125},[47,26982,80],{"class":61},[47,26984,26985],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26986,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,26988,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,26990,167],{"class":166},[47,26992,170],{"class":61},[47,26994,9174],{"class":173},[47,26996,3533],{"class":61},[47,26998,26999],{"class":1494},"     # 25\n",[47,27001,27002,27004,27006,27008,27010],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,27003,167],{"class":166},[47,27005,170],{"class":61},[47,27007,17184],{"class":173},[47,27009,3533],{"class":61},[47,27011,27012],{"class":1494},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[773,27014,1967,27016,27018],{"id":27015},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[44,27017,26902],{}," when you only want deletion",[37,27020,27022],{"className":39,"code":27021,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,27023,27024,27060,27064,27080,27084],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,27025,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034,27036,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27027,13082],{"class":53},[47,27029,58],{"class":57},[47,27031,10366],{"class":61},[47,27033,126],{"class":125},[47,27035,7542],{"class":129},[47,27037,126],{"class":125},[47,27039,2760],{"class":61},[47,27041,136],{"class":125},[47,27043,12760],{"class":129},[47,27045,126],{"class":125},[47,27047,69],{"class":61},[47,27049,136],{"class":125},[47,27051,9174],{"class":129},[47,27053,126],{"class":125},[47,27055,2760],{"class":61},[47,27057,9181],{"class":65},[47,27059,9184],{"class":61},[47,27061,27062],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27063,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27065,27066,27068,27070,27072,27074,27076,27078],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27067,26902],{"class":3749},[47,27069,13125],{"class":53},[47,27071,3773],{"class":61},[47,27073,126],{"class":125},[47,27075,9174],{"class":129},[47,27077,126],{"class":125},[47,27079,1402],{"class":61},[47,27081,27082],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27083,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27085,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,27087,167],{"class":166},[47,27089,170],{"class":61},[47,27091,17184],{"class":173},[47,27093,3533],{"class":61},[47,27095,27012],{"class":1494},[14,27097,27098],{},"Difference:",[291,27100,27101,27106],{},[294,27102,27103,27105],{},[44,27104,12642],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[294,27107,27108,27110],{},[44,27109,26902],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27112,27113,27114,30],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[21,27115,12454],{"href":12453},[32,27117,27119,27120],{"id":27118},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[44,27121,19564],{},[14,27123,27124],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[773,27126,27128],{"id":27127},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[37,27130,27132],{"className":39,"code":27131,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[44,27133,27134,27159,27163,27189,27193,27205],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,27135,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27155,27157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27137,11603],{"class":53},[47,27139,58],{"class":57},[47,27141,10366],{"class":61},[47,27143,126],{"class":125},[47,27145,7542],{"class":129},[47,27147,126],{"class":125},[47,27149,2760],{"class":61},[47,27151,136],{"class":125},[47,27153,27154],{"class":129},"Sara",[47,27156,126],{"class":125},[47,27158,9184],{"class":61},[47,27160,27161],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27162,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27164,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27166,588],{"class":53},[47,27168,58],{"class":57},[47,27170,11645],{"class":53},[47,27172,30],{"class":61},[47,27174,26118],{"class":173},[47,27176,170],{"class":61},[47,27178,126],{"class":125},[47,27180,9174],{"class":129},[47,27182,126],{"class":125},[47,27184,69],{"class":61},[47,27186,3725],{"class":412},[47,27188,80],{"class":61},[47,27190,27191],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27192,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27194,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,27196,167],{"class":166},[47,27198,170],{"class":61},[47,27200,605],{"class":173},[47,27202,3533],{"class":61},[47,27204,20438],{"class":1494},[47,27206,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,27208,167],{"class":166},[47,27210,170],{"class":61},[47,27212,11327],{"class":173},[47,27214,3533],{"class":61},[47,27216,27217],{"class":1494}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27219,27220],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[773,27222,27224],{"id":27223},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[37,27226,27228],{"className":39,"code":27227,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[44,27229,27230,27254,27258,27274,27297,27307,27314],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,27231,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27233,11603],{"class":53},[47,27235,58],{"class":57},[47,27237,10366],{"class":61},[47,27239,126],{"class":125},[47,27241,7542],{"class":129},[47,27243,126],{"class":125},[47,27245,2760],{"class":61},[47,27247,136],{"class":125},[47,27249,27154],{"class":129},[47,27251,126],{"class":125},[47,27253,9184],{"class":61},[47,27255,27256],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27257,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27259,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27261,6871],{"class":3749},[47,27263,136],{"class":125},[47,27265,9174],{"class":129},[47,27267,126],{"class":125},[47,27269,21049],{"class":57},[47,27271,11645],{"class":53},[47,27273,6268],{"class":61},[47,27275,27276,27279,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27277,27278],{"class":53},"    value ",[47,27280,58],{"class":57},[47,27282,11645],{"class":53},[47,27284,30],{"class":61},[47,27286,26118],{"class":173},[47,27288,170],{"class":61},[47,27290,126],{"class":125},[47,27292,9174],{"class":129},[47,27294,126],{"class":125},[47,27296,80],{"class":61},[47,27298,27299,27301,27303,27305],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,27300,7944],{"class":166},[47,27302,170],{"class":61},[47,27304,605],{"class":173},[47,27306,80],{"class":61},[47,27308,27309,27312],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,27310,27311],{"class":3749},"else",[47,27313,6268],{"class":61},[47,27315,27316,27318,27320,27322,27325,27327],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,27317,7944],{"class":166},[47,27319,170],{"class":61},[47,27321,126],{"class":125},[47,27323,27324],{"class":129},"Key not found",[47,27326,126],{"class":125},[47,27328,80],{"class":61},[773,27330,27332,27333,27335],{"id":27331},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[44,27334,10616],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[37,27337,27339],{"className":39,"code":27338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[44,27340,27341,27365,27369,27395,27399,27411],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,27342,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27344,11603],{"class":53},[47,27346,58],{"class":57},[47,27348,10366],{"class":61},[47,27350,126],{"class":125},[47,27352,7542],{"class":129},[47,27354,126],{"class":125},[47,27356,2760],{"class":61},[47,27358,136],{"class":125},[47,27360,27154],{"class":129},[47,27362,126],{"class":125},[47,27364,9184],{"class":61},[47,27366,27367],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27368,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27370,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27372,588],{"class":53},[47,27374,58],{"class":57},[47,27376,11645],{"class":53},[47,27378,30],{"class":61},[47,27380,19627],{"class":173},[47,27382,170],{"class":61},[47,27384,126],{"class":125},[47,27386,9174],{"class":129},[47,27388,126],{"class":125},[47,27390,69],{"class":61},[47,27392,3725],{"class":412},[47,27394,80],{"class":61},[47,27396,27397],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27398,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27400,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,27402,167],{"class":166},[47,27404,170],{"class":61},[47,27406,605],{"class":173},[47,27408,3533],{"class":61},[47,27410,20438],{"class":1494},[47,27412,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,27414,167],{"class":166},[47,27416,170],{"class":61},[47,27418,11327],{"class":173},[47,27420,3533],{"class":61},[47,27422,27217],{"class":1494},[14,27424,1967,27425,27429,27430,30],{},[21,27426,27427],{"href":10612},[44,27428,26707],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[21,27431,11139],{"href":10951},[32,27433,4393],{"id":4392},[14,27435,27436,27437,30],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[44,27438,12449],{},[773,27440,25651,27442,27444],{"id":27441},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[44,27443,12642],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27446,27447],{},"Lists use indexes:",[37,27449,27451],{"className":39,"code":27450,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[44,27452,27453,27473],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,27454,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27456,54],{"class":53},[47,27458,58],{"class":57},[47,27460,957],{"class":61},[47,27462,960],{"class":65},[47,27464,69],{"class":61},[47,27466,965],{"class":65},[47,27468,69],{"class":61},[47,27470,7669],{"class":65},[47,27472,1402],{"class":61},[47,27474,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27476,167],{"class":166},[47,27478,170],{"class":61},[47,27480,174],{"class":173},[47,27482,30],{"class":61},[47,27484,26118],{"class":173},[47,27486,170],{"class":61},[47,27488,66],{"class":65},[47,27490,5235],{"class":61},[47,27492,27493],{"class":1494},"  # 20\n",[14,27495,27496],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[37,27498,27500],{"className":39,"code":27499,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[44,27501,27502,27538],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,27503,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512,27514,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27505,13082],{"class":53},[47,27507,58],{"class":57},[47,27509,10366],{"class":61},[47,27511,126],{"class":125},[47,27513,7542],{"class":129},[47,27515,126],{"class":125},[47,27517,2760],{"class":61},[47,27519,136],{"class":125},[47,27521,12760],{"class":129},[47,27523,126],{"class":125},[47,27525,69],{"class":61},[47,27527,136],{"class":125},[47,27529,9174],{"class":129},[47,27531,126],{"class":125},[47,27533,2760],{"class":61},[47,27535,9181],{"class":65},[47,27537,9184],{"class":61},[47,27539,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27541,167],{"class":166},[47,27543,170],{"class":61},[47,27545,17184],{"class":173},[47,27547,30],{"class":61},[47,27549,26118],{"class":173},[47,27551,170],{"class":61},[47,27553,126],{"class":125},[47,27555,9174],{"class":129},[47,27557,126],{"class":125},[47,27559,5235],{"class":61},[47,27561,27562],{"class":1494},"  # 25\n",[14,27564,27565,27566,27568,27569,27571],{},"A dictionary does ",[575,27567,577],{}," use positions with ",[44,27570,12642],{},". It uses keys.",[773,27573,4579,27575,27577],{"id":27574},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[44,27576,12642],{}," changes the original dictionary",[37,27579,27581],{"className":39,"code":27580,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[44,27582,27583,27615,27619,27641,27645,27658],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,27584,27585,27587,27589,27591,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611,27613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27586,392],{"class":53},[47,27588,58],{"class":57},[47,27590,10366],{"class":61},[47,27592,126],{"class":125},[47,27594,2049],{"class":129},[47,27596,126],{"class":125},[47,27598,2760],{"class":61},[47,27600,1242],{"class":65},[47,27602,69],{"class":61},[47,27604,136],{"class":125},[47,27606,11624],{"class":129},[47,27608,126],{"class":125},[47,27610,2760],{"class":61},[47,27612,72],{"class":65},[47,27614,9184],{"class":61},[47,27616,27617],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27618,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27620,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27622,588],{"class":53},[47,27624,58],{"class":57},[47,27626,14445],{"class":53},[47,27628,30],{"class":61},[47,27630,26118],{"class":173},[47,27632,170],{"class":61},[47,27634,126],{"class":125},[47,27636,2049],{"class":129},[47,27638,126],{"class":125},[47,27640,80],{"class":61},[47,27642,27643],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27644,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27646,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,27648,167],{"class":166},[47,27650,170],{"class":61},[47,27652,605],{"class":173},[47,27654,3533],{"class":61},[47,27656,27657],{"class":1494},"  # 1\n",[47,27659,27660,27662,27664,27666,27668],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,27661,167],{"class":166},[47,27663,170],{"class":61},[47,27665,424],{"class":173},[47,27667,3533],{"class":61},[47,27669,27670],{"class":1494},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27672,27673,27674,27676],{},"After ",[44,27675,12642],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[773,27678,8294,27680,27682],{"id":27679},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[44,27681,12642],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[37,27684,27686],{"className":39,"code":27685,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[44,27687,27688,27712,27716,27721],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,27689,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27691,392],{"class":53},[47,27693,58],{"class":57},[47,27695,10366],{"class":61},[47,27697,126],{"class":125},[47,27699,7542],{"class":129},[47,27701,126],{"class":125},[47,27703,2760],{"class":61},[47,27705,136],{"class":125},[47,27707,7796],{"class":129},[47,27709,126],{"class":125},[47,27711,9184],{"class":61},[47,27713,27714],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27715,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27717,27718],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27719,27720],{"class":1494},"# This causes an error\n",[47,27722,27723],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27724,27725],{"class":1494},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27727,27728],{},"Safer version:",[37,27730,27732],{"className":39,"code":27731,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[44,27733,27734,27758,27762],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,27735,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27737,392],{"class":53},[47,27739,58],{"class":57},[47,27741,10366],{"class":61},[47,27743,126],{"class":125},[47,27745,7542],{"class":129},[47,27747,126],{"class":125},[47,27749,2760],{"class":61},[47,27751,136],{"class":125},[47,27753,7796],{"class":129},[47,27755,126],{"class":125},[47,27757,9184],{"class":61},[47,27759,27760],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27761,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27763,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27765,167],{"class":166},[47,27767,170],{"class":61},[47,27769,424],{"class":173},[47,27771,30],{"class":61},[47,27773,26118],{"class":173},[47,27775,170],{"class":61},[47,27777,126],{"class":125},[47,27779,9174],{"class":129},[47,27781,126],{"class":125},[47,27783,69],{"class":61},[47,27785,136],{"class":125},[47,27787,26650],{"class":129},[47,27789,126],{"class":125},[47,27791,5235],{"class":61},[47,27793,26686],{"class":1494},[773,27795,8330,27797,27799],{"id":27796},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[44,27798,12642],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[37,27801,27803],{"className":39,"code":27802,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[44,27804,27805,27837,27841,27863,27867,27879],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,27806,27807,27809,27811,27813,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27808,392],{"class":53},[47,27810,58],{"class":57},[47,27812,10366],{"class":61},[47,27814,126],{"class":125},[47,27816,21],{"class":129},[47,27818,126],{"class":125},[47,27820,2760],{"class":61},[47,27822,1242],{"class":65},[47,27824,69],{"class":61},[47,27826,136],{"class":125},[47,27828,139],{"class":129},[47,27830,126],{"class":125},[47,27832,2760],{"class":61},[47,27834,72],{"class":65},[47,27836,9184],{"class":61},[47,27838,27839],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27840,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27842,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27844,2106],{"class":53},[47,27846,58],{"class":57},[47,27848,14445],{"class":53},[47,27850,30],{"class":61},[47,27852,26118],{"class":173},[47,27854,170],{"class":61},[47,27856,126],{"class":125},[47,27858,21],{"class":129},[47,27860,126],{"class":125},[47,27862,80],{"class":61},[47,27864,27865],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27866,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27868,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,27870,167],{"class":166},[47,27872,170],{"class":61},[47,27874,2141],{"class":173},[47,27876,3533],{"class":61},[47,27878,27657],{"class":1494},[47,27880,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,27882,167],{"class":166},[47,27884,170],{"class":61},[47,27886,424],{"class":173},[47,27888,3533],{"class":61},[47,27890,27891],{"class":1494},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,27893,27894],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[32,27896,27898],{"id":27897},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,27900,27901,27902,27904],{},"Problems with ",[44,27903,12449],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[291,27906,27907,27910,27919,27922],{},[294,27908,27909],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[294,27911,27912,27913,27916,27917],{},"Mixing up list ",[44,27914,27915],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[44,27918,26214],{},[294,27920,27921],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[294,27923,27924,27925,10969,27927],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[44,27926,66],{},[44,27928,27929],{},"\"1\"",[14,27931,27932],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[37,27934,27936],{"className":39,"code":27935,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[44,27937,27938,27962,27966,27996],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,27939,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948,27950,27952,27954,27956,27958,27960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27941,392],{"class":53},[47,27943,58],{"class":57},[47,27945,10366],{"class":61},[47,27947,126],{"class":125},[47,27949,66],{"class":129},[47,27951,126],{"class":125},[47,27953,2760],{"class":61},[47,27955,136],{"class":125},[47,27957,6458],{"class":129},[47,27959,126],{"class":125},[47,27961,9184],{"class":61},[47,27963,27964],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27965,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,27967,27968,27970,27972,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27989,27991,27993],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27969,167],{"class":166},[47,27971,170],{"class":61},[47,27973,424],{"class":173},[47,27975,30],{"class":61},[47,27977,26118],{"class":173},[47,27979,170],{"class":61},[47,27981,66],{"class":65},[47,27983,69],{"class":61},[47,27985,136],{"class":125},[47,27987,27988],{"class":129},"not found",[47,27990,126],{"class":125},[47,27992,5235],{"class":61},[47,27994,27995],{"class":1494},"    # not found\n",[47,27997,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27999,167],{"class":166},[47,28001,170],{"class":61},[47,28003,424],{"class":173},[47,28005,30],{"class":61},[47,28007,26118],{"class":173},[47,28009,170],{"class":61},[47,28011,126],{"class":125},[47,28013,66],{"class":129},[47,28015,126],{"class":125},[47,28017,69],{"class":61},[47,28019,136],{"class":125},[47,28021,27988],{"class":129},[47,28023,126],{"class":125},[47,28025,5235],{"class":61},[47,28027,28028],{"class":1494},"  # one\n",[14,28030,28031,4267,28033,28035],{},[44,28032,66],{},[44,28034,27929],{}," are different keys.",[32,28037,8750],{"id":8749},[14,28039,8753,28040,28042],{},[44,28041,12642],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[37,28044,28046],{"className":39,"code":28045,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[44,28047,28048,28058,28072,28090,28120],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,28049,28050,28052,28054,28056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28051,167],{"class":166},[47,28053,170],{"class":61},[47,28055,11327],{"class":173},[47,28057,80],{"class":61},[47,28059,28060,28062,28064,28066,28068,28070],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28061,167],{"class":166},[47,28063,170],{"class":61},[47,28065,11327],{"class":173},[47,28067,30],{"class":61},[47,28069,16800],{"class":173},[47,28071,7068],{"class":61},[47,28073,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,28075,167],{"class":166},[47,28077,170],{"class":61},[47,28079,256],{"class":125},[47,28081,7542],{"class":129},[47,28083,256],{"class":125},[47,28085,21049],{"class":3749},[47,28087,11645],{"class":173},[47,28089,80],{"class":61},[47,28091,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,28093,167],{"class":166},[47,28095,170],{"class":61},[47,28097,11327],{"class":173},[47,28099,30],{"class":61},[47,28101,26118],{"class":173},[47,28103,170],{"class":61},[47,28105,256],{"class":125},[47,28107,7542],{"class":129},[47,28109,256],{"class":125},[47,28111,69],{"class":61},[47,28113,265],{"class":125},[47,28115,26650],{"class":129},[47,28117,256],{"class":125},[47,28119,506],{"class":61},[47,28121,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130,28132],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,28123,167],{"class":166},[47,28125,170],{"class":61},[47,28127,499],{"class":118},[47,28129,170],{"class":61},[47,28131,11327],{"class":173},[47,28133,506],{"class":61},[14,28135,21212],{},[291,28137,28138,28143,28148,28153,28159],{},[294,28139,28140,28142],{},[44,28141,12559],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[294,28144,28145,28147],{},[44,28146,21224],{}," shows all available keys",[294,28149,28150,28152],{},[44,28151,21230],{}," checks whether a key exists",[294,28154,28155,28158],{},[44,28156,28157],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[294,28160,28161,28163],{},[44,28162,12565],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28165,28166,28167,30],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[21,28168,9267],{"href":9266},[32,28170,1708],{"id":1707},[773,28172,28174,28175,28177],{"id":28173},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[44,28176,12642],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28179,28180],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[773,28182,28184],{"id":28183},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28186,28187,26415,28189,28191,28192,28194],{},[44,28188,26214],{},[44,28190,19564],{},". ",[44,28193,26218],{}," returns the default value instead.",[773,28196,12584,28198,14775],{"id":28197},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[44,28199,12642],{},[14,28201,28202],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[773,28204,28206,28207,28209],{"id":28205},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[44,28208,12642],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28211,28212,28213,28215,28216,30],{},"Not with ",[44,28214,12449],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[21,28217,28218],{"href":12460},[44,28219,12649],{},[773,28221,5054,28223,4267,28225,2368],{"id":28222},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[44,28224,10616],{},[44,28226,12642],{},[14,28228,28229,28231,28232,28234],{},[44,28230,10616],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[44,28233,12642],{}," reads and removes it.",[32,28236,1758],{"id":1757},[291,28238,28239,28245,28252,28256,28260,28264],{},[294,28240,28241],{},[21,28242,28243],{"href":10612},[44,28244,19545],{},[294,28246,28247],{},[21,28248,28249],{"href":12460},[44,28250,28251],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[294,28253,28254],{},[21,28255,12666],{"href":12453},[294,28257,28258],{},[21,28259,21333],{"href":16475},[294,28261,28262],{},[21,28263,11139],{"href":10951},[294,28265,28266],{},[21,28267,28269],{"href":28268},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1796,28271,28272],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":28274},[28275,28276,28278,28279,28280,28282,28289,28296,28306,28307,28308,28319],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":26225,"depth":83,"text":28277},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":26710,"depth":83,"text":28281},"When to use pop()",{"id":26897,"depth":83,"text":28283,"children":28284},"pop() vs del",[28285,28287],{"id":26912,"depth":94,"text":28286},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27015,"depth":94,"text":28288},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27118,"depth":83,"text":28290,"children":28291},"How to avoid KeyError",[28292,28293,28294],{"id":27127,"depth":94,"text":27128},{"id":27223,"depth":94,"text":27224},{"id":27331,"depth":94,"text":28295},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":28297},[28298,28300,28302,28304],{"id":27441,"depth":94,"text":28299},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27574,"depth":94,"text":28301},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27679,"depth":94,"text":28303},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27796,"depth":94,"text":28305},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27897,"depth":83,"text":27898},{"id":8749,"depth":83,"text":8750},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":28309},[28310,28312,28313,28315,28317],{"id":28173,"depth":94,"text":28311},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28183,"depth":94,"text":28184},{"id":28197,"depth":94,"text":28314},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28205,"depth":94,"text":28316},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28222,"depth":94,"text":28318},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26046,"description":28320},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28327,"title":28251,"body":28328,"description":30267,"extension":1837,"meta":30268,"navigation":159,"path":30269,"seo":30270,"stem":30271,"__hash__":30272},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28329,"toc":30231},[28330,28335,28340,28343,28351,28361,28363,28451,28455,28504,28509,28514,28518,28534,28537,28539,28554,28556,28572,28579,28583,28589,28598,28600,28669,28673,28694,28697,28716,28719,28742,28744,28747,28862,28866,28925,28932,28936,28942,29067,29071,29121,29124,29128,29135,29137,29200,29204,29225,29228,29237,29252,29260,29267,29271,29283,29287,29298,29300,29446,29450,29509,29516,29521,29525,29531,29554,29559,29578,29582,29653,29660,29733,29742,29747,29752,29763,29766,29903,29908,29940,29945,29947,29951,30011,30014,30071,30074,30117,30119,30124,30130,30136,30139,30146,30154,30159,30162,30169,30177,30179,30228],[10,28331,11195,28333,11199],{"id":28332},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[44,28334,12649],{},[14,28336,1854,28337,28339],{},[44,28338,12649],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28341,28342],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[291,28344,28345,28348],{},[294,28346,28347],{},"remove an item",[294,28349,28350],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28352,28353,28354,28356,28357,28360],{},"In modern Python, ",[44,28355,12649],{}," removes the ",[575,28358,28359],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[32,28362,35],{"id":34},[37,28364,28366],{"className":39,"code":28365,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[44,28367,28368,28412,28427,28431,28441],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,28369,28370,28372,28374,28376,28378,28380,28382,28384,28386,28388,28390,28392,28394,28396,28398,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28371,392],{"class":53},[47,28373,58],{"class":57},[47,28375,10366],{"class":61},[47,28377,126],{"class":125},[47,28379,21],{"class":129},[47,28381,126],{"class":125},[47,28383,2760],{"class":61},[47,28385,1242],{"class":65},[47,28387,69],{"class":61},[47,28389,136],{"class":125},[47,28391,139],{"class":129},[47,28393,126],{"class":125},[47,28395,2760],{"class":61},[47,28397,72],{"class":65},[47,28399,69],{"class":61},[47,28401,136],{"class":125},[47,28403,148],{"class":129},[47,28405,126],{"class":125},[47,28407,2760],{"class":61},[47,28409,77],{"class":65},[47,28411,9184],{"class":61},[47,28413,28414,28416,28418,28420,28422,28425],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28415,1304],{"class":53},[47,28417,58],{"class":57},[47,28419,14445],{"class":53},[47,28421,30],{"class":61},[47,28423,28424],{"class":173},"popitem",[47,28426,241],{"class":61},[47,28428,28429],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,28430,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,28432,28433,28435,28437,28439],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,28434,167],{"class":166},[47,28436,170],{"class":61},[47,28438,1329],{"class":173},[47,28440,80],{"class":61},[47,28442,28443,28445,28447,28449],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,28444,167],{"class":166},[47,28446,170],{"class":61},[47,28448,424],{"class":173},[47,28450,80],{"class":61},[14,28452,28453],{},[575,28454,215],{},[37,28456,28458],{"className":39,"code":28457,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[44,28459,28460,28476],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,28461,28462,28464,28466,28468,28470,28472,28474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28463,170],{"class":61},[47,28465,256],{"class":125},[47,28467,148],{"class":129},[47,28469,256],{"class":125},[47,28471,69],{"class":61},[47,28473,77],{"class":65},[47,28475,80],{"class":61},[47,28477,28478,28480,28482,28484,28486,28488,28490,28492,28494,28496,28498,28500,28502],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28479,9153],{"class":61},[47,28481,256],{"class":125},[47,28483,21],{"class":129},[47,28485,256],{"class":125},[47,28487,2760],{"class":61},[47,28489,1242],{"class":65},[47,28491,69],{"class":61},[47,28493,265],{"class":125},[47,28495,139],{"class":129},[47,28497,256],{"class":125},[47,28499,2760],{"class":61},[47,28501,72],{"class":65},[47,28503,9184],{"class":61},[14,28505,28506,28508],{},[44,28507,12649],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[32,28510,3550,28512,3553],{"id":28511},"what-popitem-does",[44,28513,12649],{},[14,28515,28516,2760],{},[44,28517,12649],{},[291,28519,28520,28523,28528,28531],{},[294,28521,28522],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[294,28524,28525,28526],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[44,28527,21531],{},[294,28529,28530],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[294,28532,28533],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28535,28536],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[32,28538,2032],{"id":2031},[37,28540,28542],{"className":39,"code":28541,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[44,28543,28544],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,28545,28546,28548,28550,28552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28547,15482],{"class":53},[47,28549,30],{"class":61},[47,28551,28424],{"class":173},[47,28553,241],{"class":61},[14,28555,11336],{},[291,28557,28558,28566,28569],{},[294,28559,28560,28562,28563],{},[44,28561,12649],{}," takes ",[575,28564,28565],{},"no arguments",[294,28567,28568],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[294,28570,28571],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28573,28574,28575,6504],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[21,28576,28577],{"href":12446},[44,28578,12642],{},[32,28580,28582],{"id":28581},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28584,28585,28586,28588],{},"The value returned by ",[44,28587,12649],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28590,28591,28592,28595],"ol",{},[294,28593,28594],{},"the key",[294,28596,28597],{},"the value",[14,28599,2083],{},[37,28601,28603],{"className":39,"code":28602,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,28604,28605,28641,28655,28659],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,28606,28607,28609,28611,28613,28615,28617,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28608,13082],{"class":53},[47,28610,58],{"class":57},[47,28612,10366],{"class":61},[47,28614,126],{"class":125},[47,28616,7542],{"class":129},[47,28618,126],{"class":125},[47,28620,2760],{"class":61},[47,28622,136],{"class":125},[47,28624,4879],{"class":129},[47,28626,126],{"class":125},[47,28628,69],{"class":61},[47,28630,136],{"class":125},[47,28632,9174],{"class":129},[47,28634,126],{"class":125},[47,28636,2760],{"class":61},[47,28638,9181],{"class":65},[47,28640,9184],{"class":61},[47,28642,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28644,2106],{"class":53},[47,28646,58],{"class":57},[47,28648,13125],{"class":53},[47,28650,30],{"class":61},[47,28652,28424],{"class":173},[47,28654,241],{"class":61},[47,28656,28657],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,28658,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,28660,28661,28663,28665,28667],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,28662,167],{"class":166},[47,28664,170],{"class":61},[47,28666,2141],{"class":173},[47,28668,80],{"class":61},[14,28670,28671],{},[575,28672,215],{},[37,28674,28676],{"className":39,"code":28675,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('age', 25)\n",[44,28677,28678],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,28679,28680,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28681,170],{"class":61},[47,28683,256],{"class":125},[47,28685,9174],{"class":129},[47,28687,256],{"class":125},[47,28689,69],{"class":61},[47,28691,9181],{"class":65},[47,28693,80],{"class":61},[14,28695,28696],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[37,28698,28700],{"className":39,"code":28699,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = person.popitem()\n",[44,28701,28702],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,28703,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28705,2106],{"class":53},[47,28707,58],{"class":57},[47,28709,13125],{"class":53},[47,28711,30],{"class":61},[47,28713,28424],{"class":173},[47,28715,241],{"class":61},[14,28717,28718],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[37,28720,28722],{"className":39,"code":28721,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[44,28723,28724],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,28725,28726,28728,28730,28732,28734,28736,28738,28740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28727,14720],{"class":53},[47,28729,69],{"class":61},[47,28731,21460],{"class":53},[47,28733,58],{"class":57},[47,28735,13125],{"class":53},[47,28737,30],{"class":61},[47,28739,28424],{"class":173},[47,28741,241],{"class":61},[32,28743,11353],{"id":11352},[14,28745,28746],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[37,28748,28750],{"className":39,"code":28749,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[44,28751,28752,28800,28804,28819,28823,28843],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,28753,28754,28756,28758,28760,28762,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773,28775,28777,28779,28781,28784,28786,28788,28791,28793,28795,28798],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28755,4939],{"class":53},[47,28757,58],{"class":57},[47,28759,10366],{"class":61},[47,28761,126],{"class":125},[47,28763,28764],{"class":129},"Tom",[47,28766,126],{"class":125},[47,28768,2760],{"class":61},[47,28770,4951],{"class":65},[47,28772,69],{"class":61},[47,28774,136],{"class":125},[47,28776,12760],{"class":129},[47,28778,126],{"class":125},[47,28780,2760],{"class":61},[47,28782,28783],{"class":65}," 95",[47,28785,69],{"class":61},[47,28787,136],{"class":125},[47,28789,28790],{"class":129},"Leo",[47,28792,126],{"class":125},[47,28794,2760],{"class":61},[47,28796,28797],{"class":65}," 88",[47,28799,9184],{"class":61},[47,28801,28802],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28803,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,28805,28806,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,28807,28808],{"class":53},"removed_pair ",[47,28810,58],{"class":57},[47,28812,4986],{"class":53},[47,28814,30],{"class":61},[47,28816,28424],{"class":173},[47,28818,241],{"class":61},[47,28820,28821],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,28822,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,28824,28825,28827,28829,28831,28834,28836,28838,28841],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,28826,167],{"class":166},[47,28828,170],{"class":61},[47,28830,126],{"class":125},[47,28832,28833],{"class":129},"Removed:",[47,28835,126],{"class":125},[47,28837,69],{"class":61},[47,28839,28840],{"class":173}," removed_pair",[47,28842,80],{"class":61},[47,28844,28845,28847,28849,28851,28854,28856,28858,28860],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,28846,167],{"class":166},[47,28848,170],{"class":61},[47,28850,126],{"class":125},[47,28852,28853],{"class":129},"After removal:",[47,28855,126],{"class":125},[47,28857,69],{"class":61},[47,28859,4986],{"class":173},[47,28861,80],{"class":61},[14,28863,28864],{},[575,28865,215],{},[37,28867,28869],{"className":39,"code":28868,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[44,28870,28871,28892],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,28872,28873,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28874,28875],{"class":53},"Removed",[47,28877,2760],{"class":61},[47,28879,62],{"class":61},[47,28881,256],{"class":125},[47,28883,28790],{"class":129},[47,28885,256],{"class":125},[47,28887,69],{"class":61},[47,28889,28797],{"class":65},[47,28891,80],{"class":61},[47,28893,28894,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28895,28896],{"class":53},"After removal",[47,28898,2760],{"class":61},[47,28900,10366],{"class":61},[47,28902,256],{"class":125},[47,28904,28764],{"class":129},[47,28906,256],{"class":125},[47,28908,2760],{"class":61},[47,28910,4951],{"class":65},[47,28912,69],{"class":61},[47,28914,265],{"class":125},[47,28916,12760],{"class":129},[47,28918,256],{"class":125},[47,28920,2760],{"class":61},[47,28922,28783],{"class":65},[47,28924,9184],{"class":61},[14,28926,28927,28928,28931],{},"The last inserted item was ",[44,28929,28930],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[32,28933,28935],{"id":28934},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,28937,28938,28939,28941],{},"Because ",[44,28940,12649],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[37,28943,28945],{"className":39,"code":28944,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[44,28946,28947,28983,28987,29006,29010,29029,29048],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,28948,28949,28951,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28950,15325],{"class":53},[47,28952,58],{"class":57},[47,28954,10366],{"class":61},[47,28956,126],{"class":125},[47,28958,15336],{"class":129},[47,28960,126],{"class":125},[47,28962,2760],{"class":61},[47,28964,136],{"class":125},[47,28966,15345],{"class":129},[47,28968,126],{"class":125},[47,28970,69],{"class":61},[47,28972,136],{"class":125},[47,28974,15356],{"class":129},[47,28976,126],{"class":125},[47,28978,2760],{"class":61},[47,28980,26784],{"class":65},[47,28982,9184],{"class":61},[47,28984,28985],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28986,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,28988,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997,29000,29002,29004],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,28990,14720],{"class":53},[47,28992,69],{"class":61},[47,28994,21460],{"class":53},[47,28996,58],{"class":57},[47,28998,28999],{"class":53}," book",[47,29001,30],{"class":61},[47,29003,28424],{"class":173},[47,29005,241],{"class":61},[47,29007,29008],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,29009,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,29011,29012,29014,29016,29018,29021,29023,29025,29027],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,29013,167],{"class":166},[47,29015,170],{"class":61},[47,29017,126],{"class":125},[47,29019,29020],{"class":129},"Key:",[47,29022,126],{"class":125},[47,29024,69],{"class":61},[47,29026,21455],{"class":173},[47,29028,80],{"class":61},[47,29030,29031,29033,29035,29037,29040,29042,29044,29046],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,29032,167],{"class":166},[47,29034,170],{"class":61},[47,29036,126],{"class":125},[47,29038,29039],{"class":129},"Value:",[47,29041,126],{"class":125},[47,29043,69],{"class":61},[47,29045,8310],{"class":173},[47,29047,80],{"class":61},[47,29049,29050,29052,29054,29056,29059,29061,29063,29065],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,29051,167],{"class":166},[47,29053,170],{"class":61},[47,29055,126],{"class":125},[47,29057,29058],{"class":129},"Dictionary:",[47,29060,126],{"class":125},[47,29062,69],{"class":61},[47,29064,28999],{"class":173},[47,29066,80],{"class":61},[14,29068,29069],{},[575,29070,215],{},[37,29072,29074],{"className":39,"code":29073,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[44,29075,29076,29086,29096],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,29077,29078,29081,29083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29079,29080],{"class":53},"Key",[47,29082,2760],{"class":61},[47,29084,29085],{"class":53}," pages\n",[47,29087,29088,29091,29093],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29089,29090],{"class":53},"Value",[47,29092,2760],{"class":61},[47,29094,29095],{"class":65}," 200\n",[47,29097,29098,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29099,29100],{"class":53},"Dictionary",[47,29102,2760],{"class":61},[47,29104,10366],{"class":61},[47,29106,256],{"class":125},[47,29108,15336],{"class":129},[47,29110,256],{"class":125},[47,29112,2760],{"class":61},[47,29114,265],{"class":125},[47,29116,15345],{"class":129},[47,29118,256],{"class":125},[47,29120,9184],{"class":61},[14,29122,29123],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[32,29125,29127],{"id":29126},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29129,29130,29131,28356,29133,30],{},"In current Python versions, ",[44,29132,12649],{},[575,29134,28359],{},[14,29136,2083],{},[37,29138,29140],{"className":39,"code":29139,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[44,29141,29142,29186],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,29143,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174,29176,29178,29180,29182,29184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29145,392],{"class":53},[47,29147,58],{"class":57},[47,29149,10366],{"class":61},[47,29151,126],{"class":125},[47,29153,2049],{"class":129},[47,29155,126],{"class":125},[47,29157,2760],{"class":61},[47,29159,1242],{"class":65},[47,29161,69],{"class":61},[47,29163,136],{"class":125},[47,29165,11624],{"class":129},[47,29167,126],{"class":125},[47,29169,2760],{"class":61},[47,29171,72],{"class":65},[47,29173,69],{"class":61},[47,29175,136],{"class":125},[47,29177,21953],{"class":129},[47,29179,126],{"class":125},[47,29181,2760],{"class":61},[47,29183,77],{"class":65},[47,29185,9184],{"class":61},[47,29187,29188,29190,29192,29194,29196,29198],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29189,167],{"class":166},[47,29191,170],{"class":61},[47,29193,424],{"class":173},[47,29195,30],{"class":61},[47,29197,28424],{"class":173},[47,29199,7068],{"class":61},[14,29201,29202],{},[575,29203,215],{},[37,29205,29207],{"className":39,"code":29206,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('z', 3)\n",[44,29208,29209],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,29210,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29212,170],{"class":61},[47,29214,256],{"class":125},[47,29216,21953],{"class":129},[47,29218,256],{"class":125},[47,29220,69],{"class":61},[47,29222,77],{"class":65},[47,29224,80],{"class":61},[14,29226,29227],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29229,29230,29231,29233,29234,29236],{},"As a beginner, do ",[575,29232,577],{}," think of ",[44,29235,12649],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29238,29239,29240,2064,29244,16949,29248,30],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[21,29241,29242],{"href":16952},[44,29243,16955],{},[21,29245,29246],{"href":16939},[44,29247,16942],{},[21,29249,29250],{"href":16945},[44,29251,16948],{},[32,29253,29255,29256,4267,29258],{"id":29254},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[44,29257,12649],{},[44,29259,12642],{},[14,29261,29262,4267,29264,29266],{},[44,29263,12649],{},[44,29265,12642],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[773,29268,29269],{"id":28424},[44,29270,12649],{},[291,29272,29273,29276,29279],{},[294,29274,29275],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[294,29277,29278],{},"does not need a key argument",[294,29280,3565,29281],{},[44,29282,21531],{},[773,29284,29285],{"id":26118},[44,29286,12642],{},[291,29288,29289,29292,29295],{},[294,29290,29291],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[294,29293,29294],{},"needs the key name",[294,29296,29297],{},"returns only the value",[14,29299,2083],{},[37,29301,29303],{"className":39,"code":29302,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[44,29304,29305,29349,29353,29367,29387,29391,29413,29432,29436],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,29306,29307,29309,29311,29313,29315,29317,29319,29321,29323,29325,29327,29329,29331,29333,29335,29337,29339,29341,29343,29345,29347],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29308,392],{"class":53},[47,29310,58],{"class":57},[47,29312,10366],{"class":61},[47,29314,126],{"class":125},[47,29316,21],{"class":129},[47,29318,126],{"class":125},[47,29320,2760],{"class":61},[47,29322,1242],{"class":65},[47,29324,69],{"class":61},[47,29326,136],{"class":125},[47,29328,139],{"class":129},[47,29330,126],{"class":125},[47,29332,2760],{"class":61},[47,29334,72],{"class":65},[47,29336,69],{"class":61},[47,29338,136],{"class":125},[47,29340,148],{"class":129},[47,29342,126],{"class":125},[47,29344,2760],{"class":61},[47,29346,77],{"class":65},[47,29348,9184],{"class":61},[47,29350,29351],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29352,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,29354,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29356,1304],{"class":53},[47,29358,58],{"class":57},[47,29360,14445],{"class":53},[47,29362,30],{"class":61},[47,29364,28424],{"class":173},[47,29366,241],{"class":61},[47,29368,29369,29371,29373,29375,29378,29380,29382,29385],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,29370,167],{"class":166},[47,29372,170],{"class":61},[47,29374,126],{"class":125},[47,29376,29377],{"class":129},"popitem():",[47,29379,126],{"class":125},[47,29381,69],{"class":61},[47,29383,29384],{"class":173}," item",[47,29386,80],{"class":61},[47,29388,29389],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,29390,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,29392,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,29394,588],{"class":53},[47,29396,58],{"class":57},[47,29398,14445],{"class":53},[47,29400,30],{"class":61},[47,29402,26118],{"class":173},[47,29404,170],{"class":61},[47,29406,126],{"class":125},[47,29408,21],{"class":129},[47,29410,126],{"class":125},[47,29412,80],{"class":61},[47,29414,29415,29417,29419,29421,29424,29426,29428,29430],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,29416,167],{"class":166},[47,29418,170],{"class":61},[47,29420,126],{"class":125},[47,29422,29423],{"class":129},"pop('a'):",[47,29425,126],{"class":125},[47,29427,69],{"class":61},[47,29429,8310],{"class":173},[47,29431,80],{"class":61},[47,29433,29434],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,29435,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,29437,29438,29440,29442,29444],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,29439,167],{"class":166},[47,29441,170],{"class":61},[47,29443,424],{"class":173},[47,29445,80],{"class":61},[14,29447,29448],{},[575,29449,215],{},[37,29451,29453],{"className":39,"code":29452,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[44,29454,29455,29476,29493],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,29456,29457,29459,29462,29464,29466,29468,29470,29472,29474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29458,28424],{"class":173},[47,29460,29461],{"class":61},"():",[47,29463,62],{"class":61},[47,29465,256],{"class":125},[47,29467,148],{"class":129},[47,29469,256],{"class":125},[47,29471,69],{"class":61},[47,29473,77],{"class":65},[47,29475,80],{"class":61},[47,29477,29478,29480,29482,29484,29486,29488,29490],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29479,26118],{"class":173},[47,29481,170],{"class":61},[47,29483,256],{"class":125},[47,29485,21],{"class":129},[47,29487,256],{"class":125},[47,29489,16330],{"class":61},[47,29491,29492],{"class":65}," 1\n",[47,29494,29495,29497,29499,29501,29503,29505,29507],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29496,9153],{"class":61},[47,29498,256],{"class":125},[47,29500,139],{"class":129},[47,29502,256],{"class":125},[47,29504,2760],{"class":61},[47,29506,72],{"class":65},[47,29508,9184],{"class":61},[14,29510,1967,29511,29515],{},[21,29512,29513],{"href":12446},[44,29514,12642],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29517,1967,29518,29520],{},[44,29519,12649],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[32,29522,29524],{"id":29523},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29526,29527,29528,29530],{},"Calling ",[44,29529,12649],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[37,29532,29534],{"className":39,"code":29533,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[44,29535,29536,29544],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,29537,29538,29540,29542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29539,392],{"class":53},[47,29541,58],{"class":57},[47,29543,9713],{"class":61},[47,29545,29546,29548,29550,29552],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29547,424],{"class":53},[47,29549,30],{"class":61},[47,29551,28424],{"class":173},[47,29553,241],{"class":61},[14,29555,29556],{},[575,29557,29558],{},"Error:",[37,29560,29562],{"className":39,"code":29561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[44,29563,29564],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,29565,29566,29568,29570,29572,29575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29567,19564],{"class":118},[47,29569,2760],{"class":61},[47,29571,265],{"class":125},[47,29573,29574],{"class":129},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[47,29576,29577],{"class":125},"'\n",[773,29579,29581],{"id":29580},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[37,29583,29585],{"className":39,"code":29584,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[44,29586,29587,29595,29599,29607,29622,29632,29638],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,29588,29589,29591,29593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29590,392],{"class":53},[47,29592,58],{"class":57},[47,29594,9713],{"class":61},[47,29596,29597],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29598,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,29600,29601,29603,29605],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29602,6871],{"class":3749},[47,29604,14445],{"class":53},[47,29606,6268],{"class":61},[47,29608,29609,29612,29614,29616,29618,29620],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,29610,29611],{"class":53},"    item ",[47,29613,58],{"class":57},[47,29615,14445],{"class":53},[47,29617,30],{"class":61},[47,29619,28424],{"class":173},[47,29621,241],{"class":61},[47,29623,29624,29626,29628,29630],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,29625,7944],{"class":166},[47,29627,170],{"class":61},[47,29629,1329],{"class":173},[47,29631,80],{"class":61},[47,29633,29634,29636],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,29635,27311],{"class":3749},[47,29637,6268],{"class":61},[47,29639,29640,29642,29644,29646,29649,29651],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,29641,7944],{"class":166},[47,29643,170],{"class":61},[47,29645,126],{"class":125},[47,29647,29648],{"class":129},"Dictionary is empty",[47,29650,126],{"class":125},[47,29652,80],{"class":61},[773,29654,29656,29657],{"id":29655},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[44,29658,29659],{},"try-except",[37,29661,29663],{"className":39,"code":29662,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[44,29664,29665,29673,29677,29684,29698,29708,29718],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,29666,29667,29669,29671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29668,392],{"class":53},[47,29670,58],{"class":57},[47,29672,9713],{"class":61},[47,29674,29675],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29676,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,29678,29679,29682],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29680,29681],{"class":3749},"try",[47,29683,6268],{"class":61},[47,29685,29686,29688,29690,29692,29694,29696],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,29687,29611],{"class":53},[47,29689,58],{"class":57},[47,29691,14445],{"class":53},[47,29693,30],{"class":61},[47,29695,28424],{"class":173},[47,29697,241],{"class":61},[47,29699,29700,29702,29704,29706],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,29701,7944],{"class":166},[47,29703,170],{"class":61},[47,29705,1329],{"class":173},[47,29707,80],{"class":61},[47,29709,29710,29713,29716],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,29711,29712],{"class":3749},"except",[47,29714,29715],{"class":118}," KeyError",[47,29717,6268],{"class":61},[47,29719,29720,29722,29724,29726,29729,29731],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,29721,7944],{"class":166},[47,29723,170],{"class":61},[47,29725,126],{"class":125},[47,29727,29728],{"class":129},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[47,29730,126],{"class":125},[47,29732,80],{"class":61},[14,29734,29735,29736,30],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[21,29737,25556,29739],{"href":29738},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[44,29740,29741],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[32,29743,4836,29745],{"id":29744},"when-to-use-popitem",[44,29746,12649],{},[14,29748,29749,29751],{},[44,29750,12649],{}," is useful when:",[291,29753,29754,29757,29760],{},[294,29755,29756],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[294,29758,29759],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[294,29761,29762],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,29764,29765],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[37,29767,29769],{"className":39,"code":29768,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[44,29770,29771,29780,29800,29820,29838,29842,29846,29856,29875],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,29772,29773,29776,29778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29774,29775],{"class":53},"tasks ",[47,29777,58],{"class":57},[47,29779,11371],{"class":61},[47,29781,29782,29784,29787,29789,29791,29793,29796,29798],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29783,11376],{"class":125},[47,29785,29786],{"class":129},"first",[47,29788,126],{"class":125},[47,29790,2760],{"class":61},[47,29792,136],{"class":125},[47,29794,29795],{"class":129},"wash dishes",[47,29797,126],{"class":125},[47,29799,11392],{"class":61},[47,29801,29802,29804,29807,29809,29811,29813,29816,29818],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29803,11376],{"class":125},[47,29805,29806],{"class":129},"second",[47,29808,126],{"class":125},[47,29810,2760],{"class":61},[47,29812,136],{"class":125},[47,29814,29815],{"class":129},"do homework",[47,29817,126],{"class":125},[47,29819,11392],{"class":61},[47,29821,29822,29824,29827,29829,29831,29833,29836],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,29823,11376],{"class":125},[47,29825,29826],{"class":129},"third",[47,29828,126],{"class":125},[47,29830,2760],{"class":61},[47,29832,136],{"class":125},[47,29834,29835],{"class":129},"read book",[47,29837,3230],{"class":125},[47,29839,29840],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,29841,9184],{"class":61},[47,29843,29844],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,29845,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,29847,29848,29851,29854],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,29849,29850],{"class":3749},"while",[47,29852,29853],{"class":53}," tasks",[47,29855,6268],{"class":61},[47,29857,29858,29861,29863,29865,29867,29869,29871,29873],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,29859,29860],{"class":53},"    key",[47,29862,69],{"class":61},[47,29864,21460],{"class":53},[47,29866,58],{"class":57},[47,29868,29853],{"class":53},[47,29870,30],{"class":61},[47,29872,28424],{"class":173},[47,29874,241],{"class":61},[47,29876,29877,29879,29881,29883,29885,29887,29889,29891,29893,29895,29897,29899,29901],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,29878,7944],{"class":166},[47,29880,170],{"class":61},[47,29882,22170],{"class":525},[47,29884,126],{"class":129},[47,29886,9153],{"class":65},[47,29888,14720],{"class":173},[47,29890,22179],{"class":65},[47,29892,22182],{"class":129},[47,29894,9153],{"class":65},[47,29896,605],{"class":173},[47,29898,22179],{"class":65},[47,29900,126],{"class":129},[47,29902,80],{"class":61},[14,29904,29905],{},[575,29906,29907],{},"Possible output:",[37,29909,29911],{"className":39,"code":29910,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[44,29912,29913,29922,29931],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,29914,29915,29917,29919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29916,29826],{"class":53},[47,29918,2760],{"class":61},[47,29920,29921],{"class":53}," read book\n",[47,29923,29924,29926,29928],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29925,29806],{"class":53},[47,29927,2760],{"class":61},[47,29929,29930],{"class":53}," do homework\n",[47,29932,29933,29935,29937],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29934,29786],{"class":53},[47,29936,2760],{"class":61},[47,29938,29939],{"class":53}," wash dishes\n",[14,29941,28938,29942,29944],{},[44,29943,12649],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[32,29946,1284],{"id":1283},[14,29948,14612,29949,2760],{},[44,29950,12649],{},[291,29952,29953,29967,29986,29997],{},[294,29954,29955,29960],{},[575,29956,29527,29957,29959],{},[44,29958,12649],{}," on an empty dictionary",[291,29961,29962],{},[294,29963,29964,29965,30],{},"This raises ",[44,29966,19564],{},[294,29968,29969,29974],{},[575,29970,8330,29971,29973],{},[44,29972,12649],{}," to remove a specific key",[291,29975,29976,29979],{},[294,29977,29978],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[294,29980,1967,29981,29985],{},[21,29982,29983],{"href":12446},[44,29984,12642],{}," if you need that.",[294,29987,29988,29992],{},[575,29989,4579,29990,27577],{},[44,29991,12649],{},[291,29993,29994],{},[294,29995,29996],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[294,29998,29999,30002],{},[575,30000,30001],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[291,30003,30004],{},[294,30005,30006,21851,30008,30010],{},[44,30007,12649],{},[44,30009,21531],{}," tuple.",[14,30012,30013],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[37,30015,30017],{"className":39,"code":30016,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[44,30018,30019,30029,30043,30047,30061],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,30020,30021,30023,30025,30027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30022,167],{"class":166},[47,30024,170],{"class":61},[47,30026,11327],{"class":173},[47,30028,80],{"class":61},[47,30030,30031,30033,30035,30037,30039,30041],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30032,167],{"class":166},[47,30034,170],{"class":61},[47,30036,1698],{"class":166},[47,30038,170],{"class":61},[47,30040,11327],{"class":173},[47,30042,506],{"class":61},[47,30044,30045],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30046,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,30048,30049,30051,30053,30055,30057,30059],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,30050,1304],{"class":53},[47,30052,58],{"class":57},[47,30054,11645],{"class":53},[47,30056,30],{"class":61},[47,30058,28424],{"class":173},[47,30060,241],{"class":61},[47,30062,30063,30065,30067,30069],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,30064,167],{"class":166},[47,30066,170],{"class":61},[47,30068,1329],{"class":173},[47,30070,80],{"class":61},[14,30072,30073],{},"Or with unpacking:",[37,30075,30077],{"className":39,"code":30076,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[44,30078,30079,30097,30107],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,30080,30081,30083,30085,30087,30089,30091,30093,30095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30082,14720],{"class":53},[47,30084,69],{"class":61},[47,30086,21460],{"class":53},[47,30088,58],{"class":57},[47,30090,11645],{"class":53},[47,30092,30],{"class":61},[47,30094,28424],{"class":173},[47,30096,241],{"class":61},[47,30098,30099,30101,30103,30105],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30100,167],{"class":166},[47,30102,170],{"class":61},[47,30104,14720],{"class":173},[47,30106,80],{"class":61},[47,30108,30109,30111,30113,30115],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30110,167],{"class":166},[47,30112,170],{"class":61},[47,30114,605],{"class":173},[47,30116,80],{"class":61},[32,30118,1708],{"id":1707},[773,30120,1744,30122,5020],{"id":30121},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[44,30123,12649],{},[14,30125,30126,30127,30],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[44,30128,30129],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[773,30131,12584,30133,30135],{"id":30132},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[44,30134,12649],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30137,30138],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[773,30140,30142,30143,30145],{"id":30141},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[44,30144,12649],{}," removes?",[14,30147,30148,30149,30153],{},"No. Use ",[21,30150,30151],{"href":12446},[44,30152,12642],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[773,30155,12584,30157,14775],{"id":30156},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[44,30158,12649],{},[14,30160,30161],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[773,30163,30165,30166,30168],{"id":30164},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[44,30167,12649],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30170,30171,30172,30174,30175,30],{},"It raises ",[44,30173,19564],{}," with the message ",[44,30176,29574],{},[32,30178,1758],{"id":1757},[291,30180,30181,30188,30194,30200,30206,30213,30217,30221],{},[294,30182,30183],{},[21,30184,30185,30187],{"href":12446},[44,30186,12642],{}," method for dictionaries",[294,30189,30190],{},[21,30191,30192,30187],{"href":16952},[44,30193,16955],{},[294,30195,30196],{},[21,30197,30198,30187],{"href":16939},[44,30199,16942],{},[294,30201,30202],{},[21,30203,30204,30187],{"href":16945},[44,30205,16948],{},[294,30207,30208],{},[21,30209,30211,30187],{"href":30210},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[44,30212,11198],{},[294,30214,30215],{},[21,30216,12666],{"href":12453},[294,30218,30219],{},[21,30220,21333],{"href":16475},[294,30222,30223],{},[21,30224,30225,30226],{"href":29738},"Fix ",[44,30227,29741],{},[1796,30229,30230],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":30232},[30233,30234,30236,30237,30238,30239,30240,30241,30246,30251,30253,30254,30266],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":28511,"depth":83,"text":30235},"What popitem() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":28581,"depth":83,"text":28582},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":28934,"depth":83,"text":28935},{"id":29126,"depth":83,"text":29127},{"id":29254,"depth":83,"text":30242,"children":30243},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30244,30245],{"id":28424,"depth":94,"text":12649},{"id":26118,"depth":94,"text":12642},{"id":29523,"depth":83,"text":29524,"children":30247},[30248,30249],{"id":29580,"depth":94,"text":29581},{"id":29655,"depth":94,"text":30250},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29744,"depth":83,"text":30252},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":30255},[30256,30258,30260,30262,30264],{"id":30121,"depth":94,"text":30257},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30132,"depth":94,"text":30259},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30141,"depth":94,"text":30261},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30156,"depth":94,"text":30263},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30164,"depth":94,"text":30265},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28251,"description":30267},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30274,"title":30275,"body":30276,"description":32179,"extension":1837,"meta":32180,"navigation":159,"path":13911,"seo":32181,"stem":32182,"__hash__":32183},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30277,"toc":32151},[30278,30283,30288,30291,30293,30390,30395,30400,30405,30408,30416,30419,30434,30436,30536,30538,30595,30599,30601,30604,30624,30629,30640,30643,30670,30673,30675,30732,30734,30755,30761,30766,30769,30780,30782,30890,30892,30945,30947,30959,30966,30972,30977,30980,31068,31070,31115,31118,31126,31129,31132,31201,31204,31207,31211,31214,31285,31287,31340,31343,31346,31349,31364,31367,31379,31382,31445,31447,31453,31455,31457,31536,31538,31579,31581,31646,31648,31685,31690,31695,31699,31713,31716,31839,31841,31926,31931,31933,31937,31959,31962,32042,32045,32064,32069,32071,32077,32082,32088,32091,32097,32100,32106,32111,32117,32123,32125,32148],[10,30279,11195,30281,11199],{"id":30280},"python-dictionary-update-method",[44,30282,14833],{},[14,30284,1854,30285,30287],{},[44,30286,14833],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30289,30290],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[32,30292,35],{"id":34},[37,30294,30296],{"className":39,"code":30295,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[44,30297,30298,30334,30375,30385],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,30299,30300,30302,30304,30306,30308,30310,30312,30314,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30301,13082],{"class":53},[47,30303,58],{"class":57},[47,30305,10366],{"class":61},[47,30307,126],{"class":125},[47,30309,7542],{"class":129},[47,30311,126],{"class":125},[47,30313,2760],{"class":61},[47,30315,136],{"class":125},[47,30317,12760],{"class":129},[47,30319,126],{"class":125},[47,30321,69],{"class":61},[47,30323,136],{"class":125},[47,30325,9174],{"class":129},[47,30327,126],{"class":125},[47,30329,2760],{"class":61},[47,30331,965],{"class":65},[47,30333,9184],{"class":61},[47,30335,30336,30338,30340,30343,30345,30347,30349,30351,30353,30356,30358,30360,30362,30364,30366,30368,30370,30372],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30337,17184],{"class":53},[47,30339,30],{"class":61},[47,30341,30342],{"class":173},"update",[47,30344,5403],{"class":61},[47,30346,126],{"class":125},[47,30348,9174],{"class":129},[47,30350,126],{"class":125},[47,30352,2760],{"class":61},[47,30354,30355],{"class":65}," 21",[47,30357,69],{"class":61},[47,30359,136],{"class":125},[47,30361,10284],{"class":129},[47,30363,126],{"class":125},[47,30365,2760],{"class":61},[47,30367,136],{"class":125},[47,30369,15909],{"class":129},[47,30371,126],{"class":125},[47,30373,30374],{"class":61},"})\n",[47,30376,30377,30379,30381,30383],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30378,167],{"class":166},[47,30380,170],{"class":61},[47,30382,17184],{"class":173},[47,30384,80],{"class":61},[47,30386,30387],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,30388,30389],{"class":1494},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30391,1967,30392,30394],{},[44,30393,14833],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[32,30396,3550,30398,3553],{"id":30397},"what-update-does",[44,30399,14833],{},[14,30401,30402,30404],{},[44,30403,14833],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30406,30407],{},"It can do two main things:",[291,30409,30410,30413],{},[294,30411,30412],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[294,30414,30415],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30417,30418],{},"Important things to know:",[291,30420,30421,30424,30427,30431],{},[294,30422,30423],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[294,30425,30426],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[294,30428,1750,30429],{},[44,30430,3652],{},[294,30432,30433],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30435,2083],{},[37,30437,30439],{"className":39,"code":30438,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[44,30440,30441,30483,30526],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,30442,30443,30445,30447,30449,30451,30453,30455,30457,30459,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474,30476,30479,30481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30444,12743],{"class":53},[47,30446,58],{"class":57},[47,30448,10366],{"class":61},[47,30450,126],{"class":125},[47,30452,7542],{"class":129},[47,30454,126],{"class":125},[47,30456,2760],{"class":61},[47,30458,136],{"class":125},[47,30460,30461],{"class":129},"Mira",[47,30463,126],{"class":125},[47,30465,69],{"class":61},[47,30467,136],{"class":125},[47,30469,19768],{"class":129},[47,30471,126],{"class":125},[47,30473,2760],{"class":61},[47,30475,136],{"class":125},[47,30477,30478],{"class":129},"B",[47,30480,126],{"class":125},[47,30482,9184],{"class":61},[47,30484,30485,30487,30489,30491,30493,30495,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30509,30511,30513,30515,30517,30519,30522,30524],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30486,13504],{"class":53},[47,30488,30],{"class":61},[47,30490,30342],{"class":173},[47,30492,5403],{"class":61},[47,30494,126],{"class":125},[47,30496,19768],{"class":129},[47,30498,126],{"class":125},[47,30500,2760],{"class":61},[47,30502,136],{"class":125},[47,30504,22121],{"class":129},[47,30506,126],{"class":125},[47,30508,69],{"class":61},[47,30510,136],{"class":125},[47,30512,10284],{"class":129},[47,30514,126],{"class":125},[47,30516,2760],{"class":61},[47,30518,136],{"class":125},[47,30520,30521],{"class":129},"Quito",[47,30523,126],{"class":125},[47,30525,30374],{"class":61},[47,30527,30528,30530,30532,30534],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30529,167],{"class":166},[47,30531,170],{"class":61},[47,30533,13504],{"class":173},[47,30535,80],{"class":61},[14,30537,215],{},[37,30539,30541],{"className":39,"code":30540,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[44,30542,30543],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,30544,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587,30589,30591,30593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30546,9153],{"class":61},[47,30548,256],{"class":125},[47,30550,7542],{"class":129},[47,30552,256],{"class":125},[47,30554,2760],{"class":61},[47,30556,265],{"class":125},[47,30558,30461],{"class":129},[47,30560,256],{"class":125},[47,30562,69],{"class":61},[47,30564,265],{"class":125},[47,30566,19768],{"class":129},[47,30568,256],{"class":125},[47,30570,2760],{"class":61},[47,30572,265],{"class":125},[47,30574,22121],{"class":129},[47,30576,256],{"class":125},[47,30578,69],{"class":61},[47,30580,265],{"class":125},[47,30582,10284],{"class":129},[47,30584,256],{"class":125},[47,30586,2760],{"class":61},[47,30588,265],{"class":125},[47,30590,30521],{"class":129},[47,30592,256],{"class":125},[47,30594,9184],{"class":61},[14,30596,9030,30597,30],{},[21,30598,24504],{"href":9266},[32,30600,2032],{"id":2031},[14,30602,30603],{},"The basic form is:",[37,30605,30607],{"className":39,"code":30606,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[44,30608,30609],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,30610,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30612,15482],{"class":53},[47,30614,30],{"class":61},[47,30616,30342],{"class":173},[47,30618,170],{"class":61},[47,30620,30621],{"class":173},"other",[47,30623,80],{"class":61},[14,30625,30626,30628],{},[44,30627,30621],{}," can be:",[291,30630,30631,30634,30637],{},[294,30632,30633],{},"Another dictionary",[294,30635,30636],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[294,30638,30639],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30641,30642],{},"You can also use:",[37,30644,30646],{"className":39,"code":30645,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[44,30647,30648],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,30649,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30666,30668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30651,15482],{"class":53},[47,30653,30],{"class":61},[47,30655,30342],{"class":173},[47,30657,170],{"class":61},[47,30659,7542],{"class":9053},[47,30661,58],{"class":57},[47,30663,126],{"class":125},[47,30665,7551],{"class":129},[47,30667,126],{"class":125},[47,30669,80],{"class":61},[14,30671,30672],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30674,2083],{},[37,30676,30678],{"className":39,"code":30677,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[44,30679,30680,30700,30722],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,30681,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30683,392],{"class":53},[47,30685,58],{"class":57},[47,30687,10366],{"class":61},[47,30689,126],{"class":125},[47,30691,21],{"class":129},[47,30693,126],{"class":125},[47,30695,2760],{"class":61},[47,30697,1242],{"class":65},[47,30699,9184],{"class":61},[47,30701,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30703,424],{"class":53},[47,30705,30],{"class":61},[47,30707,30342],{"class":173},[47,30709,5403],{"class":61},[47,30711,126],{"class":125},[47,30713,21],{"class":129},[47,30715,126],{"class":125},[47,30717,2760],{"class":61},[47,30719,5879],{"class":65},[47,30721,30374],{"class":61},[47,30723,30724,30726,30728,30730],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30725,167],{"class":166},[47,30727,170],{"class":61},[47,30729,424],{"class":173},[47,30731,80],{"class":61},[14,30733,215],{},[37,30735,30737],{"className":39,"code":30736,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': 10}\n",[44,30738,30739],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,30740,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30742,9153],{"class":61},[47,30744,256],{"class":125},[47,30746,21],{"class":129},[47,30748,256],{"class":125},[47,30750,2760],{"class":61},[47,30752,5879],{"class":65},[47,30754,9184],{"class":61},[32,30756,8294,30758,30760],{"id":30757},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[44,30759,14833],{}," with another dictionary",[14,30762,30763,30764,30],{},"This is the most common use of ",[44,30765,14833],{},[14,30767,30768],{},"It is useful when:",[291,30770,30771,30774,30777],{},[294,30772,30773],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[294,30775,30776],{},"Adding extra settings",[294,30778,30779],{},"Updating stored data",[14,30781,2083],{},[37,30783,30785],{"className":39,"code":30784,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[44,30786,30787,30824,30861,30865,30880],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,30788,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30790,13704],{"class":53},[47,30792,58],{"class":57},[47,30794,10366],{"class":61},[47,30796,126],{"class":125},[47,30798,12374],{"class":129},[47,30800,126],{"class":125},[47,30802,2760],{"class":61},[47,30804,136],{"class":125},[47,30806,20803],{"class":129},[47,30808,126],{"class":125},[47,30810,69],{"class":61},[47,30812,136],{"class":125},[47,30814,13729],{"class":129},[47,30816,126],{"class":125},[47,30818,2760],{"class":61},[47,30820,30821],{"class":65}," 12",[47,30823,9184],{"class":61},[47,30825,30826,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30827,30828],{"class":53},"new_settings ",[47,30830,58],{"class":57},[47,30832,10366],{"class":61},[47,30834,126],{"class":125},[47,30836,13729],{"class":129},[47,30838,126],{"class":125},[47,30840,2760],{"class":61},[47,30842,13736],{"class":65},[47,30844,69],{"class":61},[47,30846,136],{"class":125},[47,30848,20000],{"class":129},[47,30850,126],{"class":125},[47,30852,2760],{"class":61},[47,30854,136],{"class":125},[47,30856,20034],{"class":129},[47,30858,126],{"class":125},[47,30860,9184],{"class":61},[47,30862,30863],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30864,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,30866,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875,30878],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,30868,13763],{"class":53},[47,30870,30],{"class":61},[47,30872,30342],{"class":173},[47,30874,170],{"class":61},[47,30876,30877],{"class":173},"new_settings",[47,30879,80],{"class":61},[47,30881,30882,30884,30886,30888],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,30883,167],{"class":166},[47,30885,170],{"class":61},[47,30887,13763],{"class":173},[47,30889,80],{"class":61},[14,30891,215],{},[37,30893,30895],{"className":39,"code":30894,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[44,30896,30897],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,30898,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30900,9153],{"class":61},[47,30902,256],{"class":125},[47,30904,12374],{"class":129},[47,30906,256],{"class":125},[47,30908,2760],{"class":61},[47,30910,265],{"class":125},[47,30912,20803],{"class":129},[47,30914,256],{"class":125},[47,30916,69],{"class":61},[47,30918,265],{"class":125},[47,30920,13729],{"class":129},[47,30922,256],{"class":125},[47,30924,2760],{"class":61},[47,30926,13736],{"class":65},[47,30928,69],{"class":61},[47,30930,265],{"class":125},[47,30932,20000],{"class":129},[47,30934,256],{"class":125},[47,30936,2760],{"class":61},[47,30938,265],{"class":125},[47,30940,20034],{"class":129},[47,30942,256],{"class":125},[47,30944,9184],{"class":61},[14,30946,13287],{},[291,30948,30949,30954],{},[294,30950,30951,30953],{},[44,30952,13729],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[294,30955,30956,30958],{},[44,30957,20000],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,30960,30961,30962,30],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[21,30963,30965],{"href":30964},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[32,30967,8294,30969,30971],{"id":30968},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[44,30970,14833],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,30973,30974,30976],{},[44,30975,14833],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,30978,30979],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[37,30981,30983],{"className":39,"code":30982,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[44,30984,30985,31005,31040,31044,31058],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,30986,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30988,4939],{"class":53},[47,30990,58],{"class":57},[47,30992,10366],{"class":61},[47,30994,126],{"class":125},[47,30996,18293],{"class":129},[47,30998,126],{"class":125},[47,31000,2760],{"class":61},[47,31002,19775],{"class":65},[47,31004,9184],{"class":61},[47,31006,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31032,31034,31036,31038],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31008,9092],{"class":53},[47,31010,58],{"class":57},[47,31012,9097],{"class":61},[47,31014,126],{"class":125},[47,31016,18302],{"class":129},[47,31018,126],{"class":125},[47,31020,69],{"class":61},[47,31022,13385],{"class":65},[47,31024,954],{"class":61},[47,31026,62],{"class":61},[47,31028,126],{"class":125},[47,31030,31031],{"class":129},"english",[47,31033,126],{"class":125},[47,31035,69],{"class":61},[47,31037,28797],{"class":65},[47,31039,9124],{"class":61},[47,31041,31042],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31043,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,31045,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,31047,16267],{"class":53},[47,31049,30],{"class":61},[47,31051,30342],{"class":173},[47,31053,170],{"class":61},[47,31055,9137],{"class":173},[47,31057,80],{"class":61},[47,31059,31060,31062,31064,31066],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,31061,167],{"class":166},[47,31063,170],{"class":61},[47,31065,16267],{"class":173},[47,31067,80],{"class":61},[14,31069,215],{},[37,31071,31073],{"className":39,"code":31072,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[44,31074,31075],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,31076,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31078,9153],{"class":61},[47,31080,256],{"class":125},[47,31082,18293],{"class":129},[47,31084,256],{"class":125},[47,31086,2760],{"class":61},[47,31088,19775],{"class":65},[47,31090,69],{"class":61},[47,31092,265],{"class":125},[47,31094,18302],{"class":129},[47,31096,256],{"class":125},[47,31098,2760],{"class":61},[47,31100,13385],{"class":65},[47,31102,69],{"class":61},[47,31104,265],{"class":125},[47,31106,31031],{"class":129},[47,31108,256],{"class":125},[47,31110,2760],{"class":61},[47,31112,28797],{"class":65},[47,31114,9184],{"class":61},[14,31116,31117],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[291,31119,31120,31123],{},[294,31121,31122],{},"The key",[294,31124,31125],{},"The value",[14,31127,31128],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31130,31131],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[37,31133,31135],{"className":39,"code":31134,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[44,31136,31137,31157,31182,31186],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,31138,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31140,392],{"class":53},[47,31142,58],{"class":57},[47,31144,10366],{"class":61},[47,31146,126],{"class":125},[47,31148,21],{"class":129},[47,31150,126],{"class":125},[47,31152,2760],{"class":61},[47,31154,1242],{"class":65},[47,31156,9184],{"class":61},[47,31158,31159,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178,31180],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31160,31161],{"class":53},"bad_pairs ",[47,31163,58],{"class":57},[47,31165,9097],{"class":61},[47,31167,126],{"class":125},[47,31169,139],{"class":129},[47,31171,126],{"class":125},[47,31173,69],{"class":61},[47,31175,72],{"class":65},[47,31177,69],{"class":61},[47,31179,77],{"class":65},[47,31181,9124],{"class":61},[47,31183,31184],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31185,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,31187,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31199],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,31189,424],{"class":53},[47,31191,30],{"class":61},[47,31193,30342],{"class":173},[47,31195,170],{"class":61},[47,31197,31198],{"class":173},"bad_pairs",[47,31200,80],{"class":61},[14,31202,31203],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31205,31206],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[32,31208,31210],{"id":31209},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31212,31213],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[37,31215,31217],{"className":39,"code":31216,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[44,31218,31219,31243,31275],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,31220,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31222,11366],{"class":53},[47,31224,58],{"class":57},[47,31226,10366],{"class":61},[47,31228,126],{"class":125},[47,31230,7542],{"class":129},[47,31232,126],{"class":125},[47,31234,2760],{"class":61},[47,31236,136],{"class":125},[47,31238,28790],{"class":129},[47,31240,126],{"class":125},[47,31242,9184],{"class":61},[47,31244,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31264,31266,31268,31271,31273],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31246,11460],{"class":53},[47,31248,30],{"class":61},[47,31250,30342],{"class":173},[47,31252,170],{"class":61},[47,31254,9174],{"class":9053},[47,31256,58],{"class":57},[47,31258,9071],{"class":65},[47,31260,69],{"class":61},[47,31262,31263],{"class":9053}," city",[47,31265,58],{"class":57},[47,31267,126],{"class":125},[47,31269,31270],{"class":129},"Madrid",[47,31272,126],{"class":125},[47,31274,80],{"class":61},[47,31276,31277,31279,31281,31283],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31278,167],{"class":166},[47,31280,170],{"class":61},[47,31282,11460],{"class":173},[47,31284,80],{"class":61},[14,31286,215],{},[37,31288,31290],{"className":39,"code":31289,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[44,31291,31292],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,31293,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31295,9153],{"class":61},[47,31297,256],{"class":125},[47,31299,7542],{"class":129},[47,31301,256],{"class":125},[47,31303,2760],{"class":61},[47,31305,265],{"class":125},[47,31307,28790],{"class":129},[47,31309,256],{"class":125},[47,31311,69],{"class":61},[47,31313,265],{"class":125},[47,31315,9174],{"class":129},[47,31317,256],{"class":125},[47,31319,2760],{"class":61},[47,31321,9181],{"class":65},[47,31323,69],{"class":61},[47,31325,265],{"class":125},[47,31327,10284],{"class":129},[47,31329,256],{"class":125},[47,31331,2760],{"class":61},[47,31333,265],{"class":125},[47,31335,31270],{"class":129},[47,31337,256],{"class":125},[47,31339,9184],{"class":61},[14,31341,31342],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31344,31345],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31347,31348],{},"These work:",[291,31350,31351,31355,31359],{},[294,31352,31353],{},[44,31354,9174],{},[294,31356,31357],{},[44,31358,10284],{},[294,31360,31361],{},[44,31362,31363],{},"first_name",[14,31365,31366],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[291,31368,31369,31374],{},[294,31370,31371],{},[44,31372,31373],{},"\"first name\"",[294,31375,31376],{},[44,31377,31378],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31380,31381],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[37,31383,31385],{"className":39,"code":31384,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[44,31386,31387,31395,31435],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,31388,31389,31391,31393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31390,11366],{"class":53},[47,31392,58],{"class":57},[47,31394,9713],{"class":61},[47,31396,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423,31426,31428,31430,31433],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31398,11460],{"class":53},[47,31400,30],{"class":61},[47,31402,30342],{"class":173},[47,31404,5403],{"class":61},[47,31406,126],{"class":125},[47,31408,10388],{"class":129},[47,31410,126],{"class":125},[47,31412,2760],{"class":61},[47,31414,136],{"class":125},[47,31416,28790],{"class":129},[47,31418,126],{"class":125},[47,31420,69],{"class":61},[47,31422,136],{"class":125},[47,31424,31425],{"class":129},"user-id",[47,31427,126],{"class":125},[47,31429,2760],{"class":61},[47,31431,31432],{"class":65}," 1001",[47,31434,30374],{"class":61},[47,31436,31437,31439,31441,31443],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31438,167],{"class":166},[47,31440,170],{"class":61},[47,31442,11460],{"class":173},[47,31444,80],{"class":61},[32,31446,17296],{"id":17295},[14,31448,31449,2274,31451,30],{},[44,31450,14833],{},[44,31452,3652],{},[14,31454,13927],{},[14,31456,24584],{},[37,31458,31460],{"className":39,"code":31459,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[44,31461,31462,31486,31512,31516,31526],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,31463,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31465,13082],{"class":53},[47,31467,58],{"class":57},[47,31469,10366],{"class":61},[47,31471,126],{"class":125},[47,31473,7542],{"class":129},[47,31475,126],{"class":125},[47,31477,2760],{"class":61},[47,31479,136],{"class":125},[47,31481,12760],{"class":129},[47,31483,126],{"class":125},[47,31485,9184],{"class":61},[47,31487,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31489,2106],{"class":53},[47,31491,58],{"class":57},[47,31493,13125],{"class":53},[47,31495,30],{"class":61},[47,31497,30342],{"class":173},[47,31499,5403],{"class":61},[47,31501,126],{"class":125},[47,31503,9174],{"class":129},[47,31505,126],{"class":125},[47,31507,2760],{"class":61},[47,31509,965],{"class":65},[47,31511,30374],{"class":61},[47,31513,31514],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31515,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,31517,31518,31520,31522,31524],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,31519,167],{"class":166},[47,31521,170],{"class":61},[47,31523,2141],{"class":173},[47,31525,80],{"class":61},[47,31527,31528,31530,31532,31534],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,31529,167],{"class":166},[47,31531,170],{"class":61},[47,31533,17184],{"class":173},[47,31535,80],{"class":61},[14,31537,215],{},[37,31539,31541],{"className":39,"code":31540,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[44,31542,31543,31547],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,31544,31545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31546,11687],{"class":412},[47,31548,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31550,9153],{"class":61},[47,31552,256],{"class":125},[47,31554,7542],{"class":129},[47,31556,256],{"class":125},[47,31558,2760],{"class":61},[47,31560,265],{"class":125},[47,31562,12760],{"class":129},[47,31564,256],{"class":125},[47,31566,69],{"class":61},[47,31568,265],{"class":125},[47,31570,9174],{"class":129},[47,31572,256],{"class":125},[47,31574,2760],{"class":61},[47,31576,965],{"class":65},[47,31578,9184],{"class":61},[14,31580,724],{},[37,31582,31584],{"className":39,"code":31583,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[44,31585,31586,31610,31632,31636],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,31587,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31589,13082],{"class":53},[47,31591,58],{"class":57},[47,31593,10366],{"class":61},[47,31595,126],{"class":125},[47,31597,7542],{"class":129},[47,31599,126],{"class":125},[47,31601,2760],{"class":61},[47,31603,136],{"class":125},[47,31605,12760],{"class":129},[47,31607,126],{"class":125},[47,31609,9184],{"class":61},[47,31611,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31613,17184],{"class":53},[47,31615,30],{"class":61},[47,31617,30342],{"class":173},[47,31619,5403],{"class":61},[47,31621,126],{"class":125},[47,31623,9174],{"class":129},[47,31625,126],{"class":125},[47,31627,2760],{"class":61},[47,31629,965],{"class":65},[47,31631,30374],{"class":61},[47,31633,31634],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31635,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,31637,31638,31640,31642,31644],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,31639,167],{"class":166},[47,31641,170],{"class":61},[47,31643,17184],{"class":173},[47,31645,80],{"class":61},[14,31647,215],{},[37,31649,31651],{"className":39,"code":31650,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[44,31652,31653],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,31654,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31656,9153],{"class":61},[47,31658,256],{"class":125},[47,31660,7542],{"class":129},[47,31662,256],{"class":125},[47,31664,2760],{"class":61},[47,31666,265],{"class":125},[47,31668,12760],{"class":129},[47,31670,256],{"class":125},[47,31672,69],{"class":61},[47,31674,265],{"class":125},[47,31676,9174],{"class":129},[47,31678,256],{"class":125},[47,31680,2760],{"class":61},[47,31682,965],{"class":65},[47,31684,9184],{"class":61},[14,31686,31687,31688,30],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[21,31689,17780],{"href":10607},[32,31691,4836,31693],{"id":31692},"when-to-use-update",[44,31694,14833],{},[14,31696,1967,31697,10477],{},[44,31698,14833],{},[291,31700,31701,31704,31707,31710],{},[294,31702,31703],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[294,31705,31706],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[294,31708,31709],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[294,31711,31712],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31714,31715],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[37,31717,31719],{"className":39,"code":31718,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[44,31720,31721,31757,31772,31776,31815,31819,31829],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,31722,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31724,11965],{"class":53},[47,31726,58],{"class":57},[47,31728,10366],{"class":61},[47,31730,126],{"class":125},[47,31732,7542],{"class":129},[47,31734,126],{"class":125},[47,31736,2760],{"class":61},[47,31738,136],{"class":125},[47,31740,12760],{"class":129},[47,31742,126],{"class":125},[47,31744,69],{"class":61},[47,31746,136],{"class":125},[47,31748,9174],{"class":129},[47,31750,126],{"class":125},[47,31752,2760],{"class":61},[47,31754,965],{"class":65},[47,31756,9184],{"class":61},[47,31758,31759,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31760,31761],{"class":53},"updated ",[47,31763,58],{"class":57},[47,31765,12040],{"class":53},[47,31767,30],{"class":61},[47,31769,12791],{"class":173},[47,31771,241],{"class":61},[47,31773,31774],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31775,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,31777,31778,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807,31809,31811,31813],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,31779,31780],{"class":53},"updated",[47,31782,30],{"class":61},[47,31784,30342],{"class":173},[47,31786,5403],{"class":61},[47,31788,126],{"class":125},[47,31790,9174],{"class":129},[47,31792,126],{"class":125},[47,31794,2760],{"class":61},[47,31796,30355],{"class":65},[47,31798,69],{"class":61},[47,31800,136],{"class":125},[47,31802,10284],{"class":129},[47,31804,126],{"class":125},[47,31806,2760],{"class":61},[47,31808,136],{"class":125},[47,31810,15909],{"class":129},[47,31812,126],{"class":125},[47,31814,30374],{"class":61},[47,31816,31817],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,31818,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,31820,31821,31823,31825,31827],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,31822,167],{"class":166},[47,31824,170],{"class":61},[47,31826,12012],{"class":173},[47,31828,80],{"class":61},[47,31830,31831,31833,31835,31837],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,31832,167],{"class":166},[47,31834,170],{"class":61},[47,31836,31780],{"class":173},[47,31838,80],{"class":61},[14,31840,215],{},[37,31842,31844],{"className":39,"code":31843,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[44,31845,31846,31878],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,31847,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31849,9153],{"class":61},[47,31851,256],{"class":125},[47,31853,7542],{"class":129},[47,31855,256],{"class":125},[47,31857,2760],{"class":61},[47,31859,265],{"class":125},[47,31861,12760],{"class":129},[47,31863,256],{"class":125},[47,31865,69],{"class":61},[47,31867,265],{"class":125},[47,31869,9174],{"class":129},[47,31871,256],{"class":125},[47,31873,2760],{"class":61},[47,31875,965],{"class":65},[47,31877,9184],{"class":61},[47,31879,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31881,9153],{"class":61},[47,31883,256],{"class":125},[47,31885,7542],{"class":129},[47,31887,256],{"class":125},[47,31889,2760],{"class":61},[47,31891,265],{"class":125},[47,31893,12760],{"class":129},[47,31895,256],{"class":125},[47,31897,69],{"class":61},[47,31899,265],{"class":125},[47,31901,9174],{"class":129},[47,31903,256],{"class":125},[47,31905,2760],{"class":61},[47,31907,30355],{"class":65},[47,31909,69],{"class":61},[47,31911,265],{"class":125},[47,31913,10284],{"class":129},[47,31915,256],{"class":125},[47,31917,2760],{"class":61},[47,31919,265],{"class":125},[47,31921,15909],{"class":129},[47,31923,256],{"class":125},[47,31925,9184],{"class":61},[14,31927,31928,31929,30],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[21,31930,16476],{"href":16475},[32,31932,1284],{"id":1283},[14,31934,10624,31935,2760],{},[44,31936,14833],{},[291,31938,31939,31946,31950,31953,31956],{},[294,31940,12474,31941,31943,31944],{},[44,31942,14833],{}," to a variable and getting ",[44,31945,3652],{},[294,31947,8330,31948,12482],{},[44,31949,14833],{},[294,31951,31952],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[294,31954,31955],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[294,31957,31958],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,31960,31961],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[37,31963,31965],{"className":39,"code":31964,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[44,31966,31967,31977,31991,32005,32027],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,31968,31969,31971,31973,31975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31970,167],{"class":166},[47,31972,170],{"class":61},[47,31974,11327],{"class":173},[47,31976,80],{"class":61},[47,31978,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31980,167],{"class":166},[47,31982,170],{"class":61},[47,31984,499],{"class":118},[47,31986,170],{"class":61},[47,31988,424],{"class":173},[47,31990,506],{"class":61},[47,31992,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31994,167],{"class":166},[47,31996,170],{"class":61},[47,31998,7969],{"class":118},[47,32000,170],{"class":61},[47,32002,424],{"class":173},[47,32004,506],{"class":61},[47,32006,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,32008,167],{"class":166},[47,32010,170],{"class":61},[47,32012,11327],{"class":173},[47,32014,30],{"class":61},[47,32016,19627],{"class":173},[47,32018,170],{"class":61},[47,32020,256],{"class":125},[47,32022,14720],{"class":129},[47,32024,256],{"class":125},[47,32026,506],{"class":61},[47,32028,32029,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,32030,32031],{"class":166},"help",[47,32033,170],{"class":61},[47,32035,8699],{"class":118},[47,32037,30],{"class":61},[47,32039,30342],{"class":24626},[47,32041,80],{"class":61},[14,32043,32044],{},"These can help you check:",[291,32046,32047,32050,32055,32058,32061],{},[294,32048,32049],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[294,32051,32052,32053],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[44,32054,14833],{},[294,32056,32057],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[294,32059,32060],{},"Whether a key exists",[294,32062,32063],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32065,32066,32067,30],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[21,32068,11139],{"href":10951},[32,32070,1708],{"id":1707},[773,32072,12584,32074,32076],{"id":32073},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[44,32075,14833],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32078,32079,32080,30],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[44,32081,3652],{},[773,32083,12584,32085,32087],{"id":32084},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[44,32086,14833],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32089,32090],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[773,32092,5044,32094,32096],{"id":32093},"can-update-add-new-keys",[44,32095,14833],{}," add new keys?",[14,32098,32099],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[773,32101,28206,32103,32105],{"id":32102},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[44,32104,14833],{}," with a list?",[14,32107,32108,32109,30],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[44,32110,10972],{},[773,32112,5054,32114,32116],{"id":32113},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[44,32115,14833],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32118,32119,32120,32122],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[44,32121,14833],{}," can change many keys at once.",[32,32124,1758],{"id":1757},[291,32126,32127,32131,32135,32140,32144],{},[294,32128,32129],{},[21,32130,25972],{"href":9266},[294,32132,32133],{},[21,32134,11128],{"href":10607},[294,32136,32137],{},[21,32138,32139],{"href":30964},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[294,32141,32142],{},[21,32143,21333],{"href":16475},[294,32145,32146],{},[21,32147,11139],{"href":10951},[1796,32149,32150],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":32152},[32153,32154,32156,32157,32159,32161,32162,32163,32165,32166,32178],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":30397,"depth":83,"text":32155},"What update() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":30757,"depth":83,"text":32158},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30968,"depth":83,"text":32160},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31209,"depth":83,"text":31210},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":31692,"depth":83,"text":32164},"When to use update()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":32167},[32168,32170,32172,32174,32176],{"id":32073,"depth":94,"text":32169},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32084,"depth":94,"text":32171},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32093,"depth":94,"text":32173},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32102,"depth":94,"text":32175},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32113,"depth":94,"text":32177},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30275,"description":32179},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32185,"title":32186,"body":32187,"description":34176,"extension":1837,"meta":34177,"navigation":159,"path":22771,"seo":34178,"stem":34179,"__hash__":34180},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32188,"toc":34139},[32189,32194,32201,32204,32206,32305,32307,32362,32367,32372,32386,32391,32393,32408,32410,32424,32437,32442,32448,32455,32457,32564,32566,32615,32621,32696,32698,32719,32721,32724,32829,32831,32886,32888,32916,32920,32925,33004,33006,33026,33028,33039,33049,33053,33058,33162,33164,33189,33192,33203,33208,33217,33220,33237,33239,33326,33328,33391,33393,33416,33418,33423,33429,33434,33436,33475,33481,33484,33503,33514,33520,33523,33596,33598,33617,33622,33625,33648,33654,33657,33721,33724,33801,33808,33811,33870,33876,33878,33897,33901,33904,33955,33958,33978,33980,34041,34043,34048,34053,34058,34063,34068,34073,34079,34082,34091,34099,34101,34136],[10,32190,11195,32192,11199],{"id":32191},"python-dictionary-values-method",[44,32193,16948],{},[14,32195,32196,32197,32200],{},"The Python ",[44,32198,32199],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32202,32203],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[32,32205,35],{"id":34},[37,32207,32209],{"className":39,"code":32208,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[44,32210,32211,32263,32277,32281,32291],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,32212,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231,32233,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32214,12743],{"class":53},[47,32216,58],{"class":57},[47,32218,10366],{"class":61},[47,32220,126],{"class":125},[47,32222,7542],{"class":129},[47,32224,126],{"class":125},[47,32226,2760],{"class":61},[47,32228,136],{"class":125},[47,32230,12760],{"class":129},[47,32232,126],{"class":125},[47,32234,69],{"class":61},[47,32236,136],{"class":125},[47,32238,9174],{"class":129},[47,32240,126],{"class":125},[47,32242,2760],{"class":61},[47,32244,965],{"class":65},[47,32246,69],{"class":61},[47,32248,136],{"class":125},[47,32250,10284],{"class":129},[47,32252,126],{"class":125},[47,32254,2760],{"class":61},[47,32256,136],{"class":125},[47,32258,15909],{"class":129},[47,32260,126],{"class":125},[47,32262,9184],{"class":61},[47,32264,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32266,1196],{"class":53},[47,32268,58],{"class":57},[47,32270,12786],{"class":53},[47,32272,30],{"class":61},[47,32274,1221],{"class":173},[47,32276,241],{"class":61},[47,32278,32279],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32280,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,32282,32283,32285,32287,32289],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,32284,167],{"class":166},[47,32286,170],{"class":61},[47,32288,1221],{"class":173},[47,32290,80],{"class":61},[47,32292,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,32294,167],{"class":166},[47,32296,170],{"class":61},[47,32298,7969],{"class":118},[47,32300,170],{"class":61},[47,32302,1221],{"class":173},[47,32304,506],{"class":61},[14,32306,215],{},[37,32308,32310],{"className":39,"code":32309,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[44,32311,32312,32338],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,32313,32314,32316,32318,32320,32322,32324,32326,32328,32330,32332,32334,32336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32315,16914],{"class":173},[47,32317,122],{"class":61},[47,32319,256],{"class":125},[47,32321,12760],{"class":129},[47,32323,256],{"class":125},[47,32325,69],{"class":61},[47,32327,965],{"class":65},[47,32329,69],{"class":61},[47,32331,265],{"class":125},[47,32333,15909],{"class":129},[47,32335,256],{"class":125},[47,32337,153],{"class":61},[47,32339,32340,32342,32344,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358,32360],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32341,3773],{"class":61},[47,32343,256],{"class":125},[47,32345,12760],{"class":129},[47,32347,256],{"class":125},[47,32349,69],{"class":61},[47,32351,965],{"class":65},[47,32353,69],{"class":61},[47,32355,265],{"class":125},[47,32357,15909],{"class":129},[47,32359,256],{"class":125},[47,32361,1402],{"class":61},[14,32363,32364,32366],{},[44,32365,16948],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[32,32368,3550,32370,3553],{"id":32369},"what-values-does",[44,32371,16948],{},[291,32373,32374,32377,32380,32383],{},[294,32375,32376],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[294,32378,32379],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[294,32381,32382],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[294,32384,32385],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32387,32388,32389,30],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[21,32390,9267],{"href":9266},[32,32392,2032],{"id":2031},[37,32394,32396],{"className":39,"code":32395,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict.values()\n",[44,32397,32398],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,32399,32400,32402,32404,32406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32401,11327],{"class":53},[47,32403,30],{"class":61},[47,32405,1221],{"class":173},[47,32407,241],{"class":61},[14,32409,12932],{},[291,32411,32412,32416,32419],{},[294,32413,32414,11343],{},[44,32415,16948],{},[294,32417,32418],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[294,32420,32421,32422],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[44,32423,16948],{},[14,32425,32426,32427,4267,32432,30],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[21,32428,32429,32431],{"href":16939},[44,32430,16942],{}," for dictionary keys",[21,32433,32434,32436],{"href":16952},[44,32435,16955],{}," for key-value pairs",[32,32438,3550,32440,11584],{"id":32439},"what-values-returns",[44,32441,16948],{},[14,32443,32444,21851,32446,24640],{},[44,32445,16948],{},[44,32447,16914],{},[14,32449,32450,32451,32454],{},"This object is a ",[575,32452,32453],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32456,2083],{},[37,32458,32460],{"className":39,"code":32459,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[44,32461,32462,32498,32502,32517,32528,32532,32554],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,32463,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32465,13082],{"class":53},[47,32467,58],{"class":57},[47,32469,10366],{"class":61},[47,32471,126],{"class":125},[47,32473,7542],{"class":129},[47,32475,126],{"class":125},[47,32477,2760],{"class":61},[47,32479,136],{"class":125},[47,32481,7796],{"class":129},[47,32483,126],{"class":125},[47,32485,69],{"class":61},[47,32487,136],{"class":125},[47,32489,9174],{"class":129},[47,32491,126],{"class":125},[47,32493,2760],{"class":61},[47,32495,9181],{"class":65},[47,32497,9184],{"class":61},[47,32499,32500],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32501,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,32503,32504,32507,32509,32511,32513,32515],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32505,32506],{"class":53},"values_view ",[47,32508,58],{"class":57},[47,32510,13125],{"class":53},[47,32512,30],{"class":61},[47,32514,1221],{"class":173},[47,32516,241],{"class":61},[47,32518,32519,32521,32523,32526],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,32520,167],{"class":166},[47,32522,170],{"class":61},[47,32524,32525],{"class":173},"values_view",[47,32527,80],{"class":61},[47,32529,32530],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,32531,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,32533,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,32535,17184],{"class":53},[47,32537,3773],{"class":61},[47,32539,126],{"class":125},[47,32541,10284],{"class":129},[47,32543,126],{"class":125},[47,32545,13151],{"class":61},[47,32547,13154],{"class":57},[47,32549,136],{"class":125},[47,32551,30521],{"class":129},[47,32553,3230],{"class":125},[47,32555,32556,32558,32560,32562],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,32557,167],{"class":166},[47,32559,170],{"class":61},[47,32561,32525],{"class":173},[47,32563,80],{"class":61},[14,32565,215],{},[37,32567,32569],{"className":39,"code":32568,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[44,32570,32571,32589],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,32572,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32574,16914],{"class":173},[47,32576,122],{"class":61},[47,32578,256],{"class":125},[47,32580,7796],{"class":129},[47,32582,256],{"class":125},[47,32584,69],{"class":61},[47,32586,9181],{"class":65},[47,32588,153],{"class":61},[47,32590,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32592,16914],{"class":173},[47,32594,122],{"class":61},[47,32596,256],{"class":125},[47,32598,7796],{"class":129},[47,32600,256],{"class":125},[47,32602,69],{"class":61},[47,32604,9181],{"class":65},[47,32606,69],{"class":61},[47,32608,265],{"class":125},[47,32610,30521],{"class":129},[47,32612,256],{"class":125},[47,32614,153],{"class":61},[14,32616,32617,32618,30],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[44,32619,32620],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[37,32622,32624],{"className":39,"code":32623,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[44,32625,32626,32662,32681,32685],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,32627,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32629,13082],{"class":53},[47,32631,58],{"class":57},[47,32633,10366],{"class":61},[47,32635,126],{"class":125},[47,32637,7542],{"class":129},[47,32639,126],{"class":125},[47,32641,2760],{"class":61},[47,32643,136],{"class":125},[47,32645,7796],{"class":129},[47,32647,126],{"class":125},[47,32649,69],{"class":61},[47,32651,136],{"class":125},[47,32653,9174],{"class":129},[47,32655,126],{"class":125},[47,32657,2760],{"class":61},[47,32659,9181],{"class":65},[47,32661,9184],{"class":61},[47,32663,32664,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32665,32666],{"class":53},"values_list ",[47,32668,58],{"class":57},[47,32670,22436],{"class":118},[47,32672,170],{"class":61},[47,32674,17184],{"class":173},[47,32676,30],{"class":61},[47,32678,1221],{"class":173},[47,32680,7068],{"class":61},[47,32682,32683],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32684,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,32686,32687,32689,32691,32694],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,32688,167],{"class":166},[47,32690,170],{"class":61},[47,32692,32693],{"class":173},"values_list",[47,32695,80],{"class":61},[14,32697,215],{},[37,32699,32701],{"className":39,"code":32700,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Mia', 25]\n",[44,32702,32703],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,32704,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715,32717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32706,3773],{"class":61},[47,32708,256],{"class":125},[47,32710,7796],{"class":129},[47,32712,256],{"class":125},[47,32714,69],{"class":61},[47,32716,9181],{"class":65},[47,32718,1402],{"class":61},[32,32720,11353],{"id":11352},[14,32722,32723],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[37,32725,32727],{"className":39,"code":32726,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,32728,32729,32783,32787,32801,32805,32815],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,32730,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751,32753,32755,32757,32759,32761,32764,32766,32768,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32732,24672],{"class":53},[47,32734,58],{"class":57},[47,32736,10366],{"class":61},[47,32738,126],{"class":125},[47,32740,24681],{"class":129},[47,32742,126],{"class":125},[47,32744,2760],{"class":61},[47,32746,136],{"class":125},[47,32748,24690],{"class":129},[47,32750,126],{"class":125},[47,32752,69],{"class":61},[47,32754,136],{"class":125},[47,32756,24699],{"class":129},[47,32758,126],{"class":125},[47,32760,2760],{"class":61},[47,32762,32763],{"class":65}," 2022",[47,32765,69],{"class":61},[47,32767,136],{"class":125},[47,32769,32770],{"class":129},"color",[47,32772,126],{"class":125},[47,32774,2760],{"class":61},[47,32776,136],{"class":125},[47,32778,850],{"class":129},[47,32780,126],{"class":125},[47,32782,9184],{"class":61},[47,32784,32785],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32786,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,32788,32789,32791,32793,32795,32797,32799],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32790,2106],{"class":53},[47,32792,58],{"class":57},[47,32794,24721],{"class":53},[47,32796,30],{"class":61},[47,32798,1221],{"class":173},[47,32800,241],{"class":61},[47,32802,32803],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,32804,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,32806,32807,32809,32811,32813],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,32808,167],{"class":166},[47,32810,170],{"class":61},[47,32812,2141],{"class":173},[47,32814,80],{"class":61},[47,32816,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,32818,167],{"class":166},[47,32820,170],{"class":61},[47,32822,7969],{"class":118},[47,32824,170],{"class":61},[47,32826,2141],{"class":173},[47,32828,506],{"class":61},[14,32830,215],{},[37,32832,32834],{"className":39,"code":32833,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[44,32835,32836,32862],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,32837,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32839,16914],{"class":173},[47,32841,122],{"class":61},[47,32843,256],{"class":125},[47,32845,24690],{"class":129},[47,32847,256],{"class":125},[47,32849,69],{"class":61},[47,32851,32763],{"class":65},[47,32853,69],{"class":61},[47,32855,265],{"class":125},[47,32857,850],{"class":129},[47,32859,256],{"class":125},[47,32861,153],{"class":61},[47,32863,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32865,3773],{"class":61},[47,32867,256],{"class":125},[47,32869,24690],{"class":129},[47,32871,256],{"class":125},[47,32873,69],{"class":61},[47,32875,32763],{"class":65},[47,32877,69],{"class":61},[47,32879,265],{"class":125},[47,32881,850],{"class":129},[47,32883,256],{"class":125},[47,32885,1402],{"class":61},[14,32887,11562],{},[291,32889,32890,32896,32902,32910],{},[294,32891,32892,32895],{},[44,32893,32894],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[294,32897,32898,32901],{},[44,32899,32900],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[294,32903,32904,32907,32908,24493],{},[44,32905,32906],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[44,32909,16914],{},[294,32911,32912,32915],{},[44,32913,32914],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[32,32917,32919],{"id":32918},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,32921,32922,32923,25941],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[44,32924,5832],{},[37,32926,32928],{"className":39,"code":32927,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[44,32929,32930,32974,32978,32994],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,32931,32932,32934,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32933,4939],{"class":53},[47,32935,58],{"class":57},[47,32937,10366],{"class":61},[47,32939,126],{"class":125},[47,32941,18293],{"class":129},[47,32943,126],{"class":125},[47,32945,2760],{"class":61},[47,32947,19775],{"class":65},[47,32949,69],{"class":61},[47,32951,136],{"class":125},[47,32953,31031],{"class":129},[47,32955,126],{"class":125},[47,32957,2760],{"class":61},[47,32959,13385],{"class":65},[47,32961,69],{"class":61},[47,32963,136],{"class":125},[47,32965,18302],{"class":129},[47,32967,126],{"class":125},[47,32969,2760],{"class":61},[47,32971,28797],{"class":65},[47,32973,9184],{"class":61},[47,32975,32976],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32977,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,32979,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32981,5832],{"class":3749},[47,32983,21460],{"class":53},[47,32985,3756],{"class":3749},[47,32987,4986],{"class":53},[47,32989,30],{"class":61},[47,32991,1221],{"class":173},[47,32993,21471],{"class":61},[47,32995,32996,32998,33000,33002],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,32997,7944],{"class":166},[47,32999,170],{"class":61},[47,33001,605],{"class":173},[47,33003,80],{"class":61},[14,33005,215],{},[37,33007,33009],{"className":39,"code":33008,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"90\n85\n88\n",[44,33010,33011,33016,33021],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33012,33013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33014,33015],{"class":65},"90\n",[47,33017,33018],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33019,33020],{"class":65},"85\n",[47,33022,33023],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33024,33025],{"class":65},"88\n",[14,33027,17586],{},[291,33029,33030,33033,33036],{},[294,33031,33032],{},"You only need the values",[294,33034,33035],{},"You do not care about the keys",[294,33037,33038],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33040,33041,33042,25,33046,30],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[21,33043,10613,33044,10617],{"href":16952},[44,33045,16955],{},[21,33047,22351],{"href":33048},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[32,33050,33052],{"id":33051},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33054,1967,33055,33057],{},[44,33056,32620],{}," when you need a list.",[37,33059,33061],{"className":39,"code":33060,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[44,33062,33063,33109,33113,33133,33137,33148],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33064,33065,33068,33070,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33101,33103,33105,33107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33066,33067],{"class":53},"fruit_prices ",[47,33069,58],{"class":57},[47,33071,10366],{"class":61},[47,33073,126],{"class":125},[47,33075,405],{"class":129},[47,33077,126],{"class":125},[47,33079,2760],{"class":61},[47,33081,72],{"class":65},[47,33083,69],{"class":61},[47,33085,136],{"class":125},[47,33087,3960],{"class":129},[47,33089,126],{"class":125},[47,33091,2760],{"class":61},[47,33093,1242],{"class":65},[47,33095,69],{"class":61},[47,33097,136],{"class":125},[47,33099,33100],{"class":129},"orange",[47,33102,126],{"class":125},[47,33104,2760],{"class":61},[47,33106,77],{"class":65},[47,33108,9184],{"class":61},[47,33110,33111],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33112,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,33114,33115,33118,33120,33122,33124,33127,33129,33131],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33116,33117],{"class":53},"price_list ",[47,33119,58],{"class":57},[47,33121,22436],{"class":118},[47,33123,170],{"class":61},[47,33125,33126],{"class":173},"fruit_prices",[47,33128,30],{"class":61},[47,33130,1221],{"class":173},[47,33132,7068],{"class":61},[47,33134,33135],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,33136,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,33138,33139,33141,33143,33146],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,33140,167],{"class":166},[47,33142,170],{"class":61},[47,33144,33145],{"class":173},"price_list",[47,33147,80],{"class":61},[47,33149,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,33151,167],{"class":166},[47,33153,170],{"class":61},[47,33155,33145],{"class":173},[47,33157,3773],{"class":61},[47,33159,1237],{"class":65},[47,33161,153],{"class":61},[14,33163,215],{},[37,33165,33167],{"className":39,"code":33166,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[44,33168,33169,33185],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33170,33171,33173,33175,33177,33179,33181,33183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33172,3773],{"class":61},[47,33174,1931],{"class":65},[47,33176,69],{"class":61},[47,33178,1242],{"class":65},[47,33180,69],{"class":61},[47,33182,77],{"class":65},[47,33184,1402],{"class":61},[47,33186,33187],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33188,16933],{"class":65},[14,33190,33191],{},"This is helpful for:",[291,33193,33194,33197,33200],{},[294,33195,33196],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[294,33198,33199],{},"Accessing values by index",[294,33201,33202],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33204,3797,33205,33207],{},[44,33206,16914],{}," is not the same as a list.",[32,33209,33211,10461,33213,10461,33215],{"id":33210},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[44,33212,16948],{},[44,33214,16942],{},[44,33216,16955],{},[14,33218,33219],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[291,33221,33222,33227,33232],{},[294,33223,33224,33226],{},[44,33225,16948],{}," returns only the values",[294,33228,33229,33231],{},[44,33230,16942],{}," returns only the keys",[294,33233,33234,33236],{},[44,33235,16955],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33238,2000],{},[37,33240,33242],{"className":39,"code":33241,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[44,33243,33244,33280,33284,33298,33312],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33245,33246,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33247,12743],{"class":53},[47,33249,58],{"class":57},[47,33251,10366],{"class":61},[47,33253,126],{"class":125},[47,33255,7542],{"class":129},[47,33257,126],{"class":125},[47,33259,2760],{"class":61},[47,33261,136],{"class":125},[47,33263,12760],{"class":129},[47,33265,126],{"class":125},[47,33267,69],{"class":61},[47,33269,136],{"class":125},[47,33271,9174],{"class":129},[47,33273,126],{"class":125},[47,33275,2760],{"class":61},[47,33277,965],{"class":65},[47,33279,9184],{"class":61},[47,33281,33282],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33283,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,33285,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33287,167],{"class":166},[47,33289,170],{"class":61},[47,33291,13504],{"class":173},[47,33293,30],{"class":61},[47,33295,16800],{"class":173},[47,33297,7068],{"class":61},[47,33299,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,33301,167],{"class":166},[47,33303,170],{"class":61},[47,33305,13504],{"class":173},[47,33307,30],{"class":61},[47,33309,1221],{"class":173},[47,33311,7068],{"class":61},[47,33313,33314,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,33315,167],{"class":166},[47,33317,170],{"class":61},[47,33319,13504],{"class":173},[47,33321,30],{"class":61},[47,33323,7684],{"class":173},[47,33325,7068],{"class":61},[14,33327,215],{},[37,33329,33331],{"className":39,"code":33330,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[44,33332,33333,33355,33373],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33334,33335,33337,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33336,16891],{"class":173},[47,33338,122],{"class":61},[47,33340,256],{"class":125},[47,33342,7542],{"class":129},[47,33344,256],{"class":125},[47,33346,69],{"class":61},[47,33348,265],{"class":125},[47,33350,9174],{"class":129},[47,33352,256],{"class":125},[47,33354,153],{"class":61},[47,33356,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33358,16914],{"class":173},[47,33360,122],{"class":61},[47,33362,256],{"class":125},[47,33364,12760],{"class":129},[47,33366,256],{"class":125},[47,33368,69],{"class":61},[47,33370,965],{"class":65},[47,33372,153],{"class":61},[47,33374,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387,33389],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33376,21784],{"class":173},[47,33378,9533],{"class":61},[47,33380,256],{"class":125},[47,33382,7542],{"class":129},[47,33384,256],{"class":125},[47,33386,69],{"class":61},[47,33388,965],{"class":65},[47,33390,10555],{"class":61},[14,33392,18571],{},[291,33394,33395,33402,33409],{},[294,33396,33397,33401],{},[21,33398,33399],{"href":16939},[44,33400,16942],{}," when you need just the keys",[294,33403,33404,33408],{},[21,33405,33406],{"href":16945},[44,33407,16948],{}," when you need just the values",[294,33410,33411,33415],{},[21,33412,33413],{"href":16952},[44,33414,16955],{}," when you need both",[32,33417,4393],{"id":4392},[14,33419,33420,33421,30],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[44,33422,16948],{},[773,33424,29527,33426,33428],{"id":33425},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[44,33427,16948],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33430,33431,33433],{},[44,33432,16948],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33435,744],{},[37,33437,33439],{"className":39,"code":33438,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[44,33440,33441,33461],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33442,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33444,8184],{"class":53},[47,33446,58],{"class":57},[47,33448,957],{"class":61},[47,33450,66],{"class":65},[47,33452,69],{"class":61},[47,33454,72],{"class":65},[47,33456,69],{"class":61},[47,33458,77],{"class":65},[47,33460,1402],{"class":61},[47,33462,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33464,167],{"class":166},[47,33466,170],{"class":61},[47,33468,8215],{"class":173},[47,33470,30],{"class":61},[47,33472,1221],{"class":173},[47,33474,7068],{"class":61},[14,33476,33477,33478,33480],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[44,33479,16948],{}," method.",[14,33482,33483],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[37,33485,33487],{"className":39,"code":33486,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(my_list))\n",[44,33488,33489],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33490,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33492,167],{"class":166},[47,33494,170],{"class":61},[47,33496,499],{"class":118},[47,33498,170],{"class":61},[47,33500,8215],{"class":173},[47,33502,506],{"class":61},[14,33504,33505,33506,33508,33509,30],{},"If you get an ",[44,33507,25548],{},", see ",[21,33510,25556,33511,33513],{"href":25555},[44,33512,25559],{}," errors",[773,33515,4454,33517,33519],{"id":33516},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[44,33518,16948],{}," returns a list",[14,33521,33522],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[37,33524,33526],{"className":39,"code":33525,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[44,33527,33528,33564,33578,33582],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33529,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33531,12743],{"class":53},[47,33533,58],{"class":57},[47,33535,10366],{"class":61},[47,33537,126],{"class":125},[47,33539,7542],{"class":129},[47,33541,126],{"class":125},[47,33543,2760],{"class":61},[47,33545,136],{"class":125},[47,33547,12760],{"class":129},[47,33549,126],{"class":125},[47,33551,69],{"class":61},[47,33553,136],{"class":125},[47,33555,9174],{"class":129},[47,33557,126],{"class":125},[47,33559,2760],{"class":61},[47,33561,965],{"class":65},[47,33563,9184],{"class":61},[47,33565,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33567,1196],{"class":53},[47,33569,58],{"class":57},[47,33571,12786],{"class":53},[47,33573,30],{"class":61},[47,33575,1221],{"class":173},[47,33577,241],{"class":61},[47,33579,33580],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33581,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,33583,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,33585,167],{"class":166},[47,33587,170],{"class":61},[47,33589,499],{"class":118},[47,33591,170],{"class":61},[47,33593,1221],{"class":173},[47,33595,506],{"class":61},[14,33597,215],{},[37,33599,33601],{"className":39,"code":33600,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[44,33602,33603],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33604,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33606,522],{"class":57},[47,33608,526],{"class":525},[47,33610,265],{"class":125},[47,33612,16914],{"class":129},[47,33614,256],{"class":125},[47,33616,536],{"class":57},[14,33618,1750,33619,33621],{},[44,33620,16914],{},", not a list.",[14,33623,33624],{},"If you need a list:",[37,33626,33628],{"className":39,"code":33627,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = list(student.values())\n",[44,33629,33630],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33631,33632,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642,33644,33646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33633,1196],{"class":53},[47,33635,58],{"class":57},[47,33637,22436],{"class":118},[47,33639,170],{"class":61},[47,33641,13504],{"class":173},[47,33643,30],{"class":61},[47,33645,1221],{"class":173},[47,33647,7068],{"class":61},[773,33649,33651,33652],{"id":33650},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[44,33653,16914],{},[14,33655,33656],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[37,33658,33660],{"className":39,"code":33659,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[44,33661,33662,33698,33712,33716],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33663,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33665,12743],{"class":53},[47,33667,58],{"class":57},[47,33669,10366],{"class":61},[47,33671,126],{"class":125},[47,33673,7542],{"class":129},[47,33675,126],{"class":125},[47,33677,2760],{"class":61},[47,33679,136],{"class":125},[47,33681,12760],{"class":129},[47,33683,126],{"class":125},[47,33685,69],{"class":61},[47,33687,136],{"class":125},[47,33689,9174],{"class":129},[47,33691,126],{"class":125},[47,33693,2760],{"class":61},[47,33695,965],{"class":65},[47,33697,9184],{"class":61},[47,33699,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33701,1196],{"class":53},[47,33703,58],{"class":57},[47,33705,12786],{"class":53},[47,33707,30],{"class":61},[47,33709,1221],{"class":173},[47,33711,241],{"class":61},[47,33713,33714],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33715,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,33717,33718],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,33719,33720],{"class":1494},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33722,33723],{},"Convert to a list first:",[37,33725,33727],{"className":39,"code":33726,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[44,33728,33729,33765,33783,33787],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33730,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739,33741,33743,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757,33759,33761,33763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33732,12743],{"class":53},[47,33734,58],{"class":57},[47,33736,10366],{"class":61},[47,33738,126],{"class":125},[47,33740,7542],{"class":129},[47,33742,126],{"class":125},[47,33744,2760],{"class":61},[47,33746,136],{"class":125},[47,33748,12760],{"class":129},[47,33750,126],{"class":125},[47,33752,69],{"class":61},[47,33754,136],{"class":125},[47,33756,9174],{"class":129},[47,33758,126],{"class":125},[47,33760,2760],{"class":61},[47,33762,965],{"class":65},[47,33764,9184],{"class":61},[47,33766,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777,33779,33781],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33768,1196],{"class":53},[47,33770,58],{"class":57},[47,33772,22436],{"class":118},[47,33774,170],{"class":61},[47,33776,13504],{"class":173},[47,33778,30],{"class":61},[47,33780,1221],{"class":173},[47,33782,7068],{"class":61},[47,33784,33785],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33786,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,33788,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797,33799],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,33790,167],{"class":166},[47,33792,170],{"class":61},[47,33794,1221],{"class":173},[47,33796,3773],{"class":61},[47,33798,1237],{"class":65},[47,33800,153],{"class":61},[773,33802,8294,33804,10969,33806],{"id":33803},"using-values-instead-of-values",[44,33805,1221],{},[44,33807,16948],{},[14,33809,33810],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[37,33812,33814],{"className":39,"code":33813,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[44,33815,33816,33852,33856],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33817,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33819,12743],{"class":53},[47,33821,58],{"class":57},[47,33823,10366],{"class":61},[47,33825,126],{"class":125},[47,33827,7542],{"class":129},[47,33829,126],{"class":125},[47,33831,2760],{"class":61},[47,33833,136],{"class":125},[47,33835,12760],{"class":129},[47,33837,126],{"class":125},[47,33839,69],{"class":61},[47,33841,136],{"class":125},[47,33843,9174],{"class":129},[47,33845,126],{"class":125},[47,33847,2760],{"class":61},[47,33849,965],{"class":65},[47,33851,9184],{"class":61},[47,33853,33854],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33855,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,33857,33858,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33859,167],{"class":166},[47,33861,170],{"class":61},[47,33863,13504],{"class":173},[47,33865,30],{"class":61},[47,33867,1221],{"class":24626},[47,33869,80],{"class":61},[14,33871,33872,33875],{},[44,33873,33874],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,33877,18571],{},[37,33879,33881],{"className":39,"code":33880,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(student.values())\n",[44,33882,33883],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33884,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33886,167],{"class":166},[47,33888,170],{"class":61},[47,33890,13504],{"class":173},[47,33892,30],{"class":61},[47,33894,1221],{"class":173},[47,33896,7068],{"class":61},[773,33898,33900],{"id":33899},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,33902,33903],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[37,33905,33907],{"className":39,"code":33906,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[44,33908,33909,33941],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33910,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33912,392],{"class":53},[47,33914,58],{"class":57},[47,33916,10366],{"class":61},[47,33918,126],{"class":125},[47,33920,21],{"class":129},[47,33922,126],{"class":125},[47,33924,2760],{"class":61},[47,33926,1242],{"class":65},[47,33928,69],{"class":61},[47,33930,136],{"class":125},[47,33932,139],{"class":129},[47,33934,126],{"class":125},[47,33936,2760],{"class":61},[47,33938,72],{"class":65},[47,33940,9184],{"class":61},[47,33942,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33944,167],{"class":166},[47,33946,170],{"class":61},[47,33948,424],{"class":173},[47,33950,30],{"class":61},[47,33952,1221],{"class":173},[47,33954,7068],{"class":61},[14,33956,33957],{},"Not like this:",[37,33959,33961],{"className":39,"code":33960,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[44,33962,33963,33968,33973],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33964,33965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33966,33967],{"class":1494},"# Wrong examples:\n",[47,33969,33970],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33971,33972],{"class":1494},"# data().values()\n",[47,33974,33975],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33976,33977],{"class":1494},"# values(data)\n",[14,33979,3211],{},[37,33981,33983],{"className":39,"code":33982,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[44,33984,33985,33999,34009,34023],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,33986,33987,33989,33991,33993,33995,33997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33988,167],{"class":166},[47,33990,170],{"class":61},[47,33992,499],{"class":118},[47,33994,170],{"class":61},[47,33996,11327],{"class":173},[47,33998,506],{"class":61},[47,34000,34001,34003,34005,34007],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34002,167],{"class":166},[47,34004,170],{"class":61},[47,34006,11327],{"class":173},[47,34008,80],{"class":61},[47,34010,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019,34021],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,34012,167],{"class":166},[47,34014,170],{"class":61},[47,34016,11327],{"class":173},[47,34018,30],{"class":61},[47,34020,1221],{"class":173},[47,34022,7068],{"class":61},[47,34024,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,34026,167],{"class":166},[47,34028,170],{"class":61},[47,34030,7969],{"class":118},[47,34032,170],{"class":61},[47,34034,11327],{"class":173},[47,34036,30],{"class":61},[47,34038,1221],{"class":173},[47,34040,6164],{"class":61},[32,34042,1708],{"id":1707},[773,34044,1744,34046,5020],{"id":34045},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[44,34047,32199],{},[14,34049,17299,34050,34052],{},[44,34051,16914],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[773,34054,12584,34056,23807],{"id":34055},"does-values-return-a-list",[44,34057,16948],{},[14,34059,23810,34060,23814],{},[44,34061,34062],{},"list(...)",[773,34064,25933,34066,2368],{"id":34065},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[44,34067,32199],{},[14,34069,34070,34071,25941],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[44,34072,5832],{},[773,34074,12584,34076,34078],{"id":34075},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[44,34077,32199],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34080,34081],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[773,34083,34085,34086,34088,34089,2368],{"id":34084},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[44,34087,16948],{}," different from ",[44,34090,16955],{},[14,34092,34093,34095,34096,34098],{},[44,34094,16948],{}," returns only values. ",[44,34097,16955],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[32,34100,1758],{"id":1757},[291,34102,34103,34109,34115,34119,34125,34129],{},[294,34104,34105],{},[21,34106,10613,34107,10617],{"href":16939},[44,34108,16942],{},[294,34110,34111],{},[21,34112,10613,34113,10617],{"href":16952},[44,34114,16955],{},[294,34116,34117],{},[21,34118,11119],{"href":9266},[294,34120,34121],{},[21,34122,34124],{"href":34123},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[294,34126,34127],{},[21,34128,23892],{"href":33048},[294,34130,34131],{},[21,34132,30225,34133],{"href":25555},[44,34134,34135],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1796,34137,34138],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":34140},[34141,34142,34144,34145,34147,34148,34149,34150,34152,34163,34175],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":32369,"depth":83,"text":34143},"What values() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":32439,"depth":83,"text":34146},"What values() returns",{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":32918,"depth":83,"text":32919},{"id":33051,"depth":83,"text":33052},{"id":33210,"depth":83,"text":34151},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":34153},[34154,34156,34158,34160,34162],{"id":33425,"depth":94,"text":34155},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33516,"depth":94,"text":34157},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33650,"depth":94,"text":34159},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33803,"depth":94,"text":34161},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33899,"depth":94,"text":33900},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":34164},[34165,34167,34169,34171,34173],{"id":34045,"depth":94,"text":34166},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34055,"depth":94,"text":34168},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34065,"depth":94,"text":34170},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34075,"depth":94,"text":34172},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34084,"depth":94,"text":34174},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32186,"description":34176},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34182,"title":34183,"body":34184,"description":35615,"extension":1837,"meta":35616,"navigation":159,"path":35617,"seo":35618,"stem":35619,"__hash__":35620},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34185,"toc":35567},[34186,34192,34197,34200,34216,34225,34227,34259,34265,34268,34363,34366,34371,34376,34379,34390,34392,34406,34412,34414,34419,34425,34428,34467,34475,34480,34483,34528,34531,34543,34549,34555,34559,34592,34595,34613,34616,34620,34659,34661,34681,34684,34696,34701,34707,34710,34765,34768,34779,34782,34793,34796,34800,34806,34808,34838,34841,34856,34859,34862,34881,34884,34900,34909,34911,34942,34948,34953,34956,34963,34994,34997,35019,35022,35025,35039,35043,35074,35089,35096,35103,35107,35115,35119,35127,35130,35179,35190,35192,35195,35201,35206,35216,35220,35223,35226,35230,35233,35235,35256,35260,35266,35277,35283,35285,35291,35315,35318,35381,35384,35412,35415,35477,35479,35484,35487,35494,35502,35509,35512,35520,35526,35528,35555,35564],[10,34187,3448,34189,3452],{"id":34188},"python-dir-function-explained",[44,34190,34191],{},"dir()",[14,34193,32196,34194,34196],{},[44,34195,34191],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34198,34199],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[291,34201,34202,34205,34208,34213],{},[294,34203,34204],{},"learning Python",[294,34206,34207],{},"exploring a new object",[294,34209,34210,34211],{},"debugging an ",[44,34212,25548],{},[294,34214,34215],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34217,34218,34219,34221,34222],{},"In short, ",[44,34220,34191],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[575,34223,34224],{},"“What can I use here?”",[32,34226,35],{"id":34},[37,34228,34230],{"className":39,"code":34229,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[44,34231,34232,34244],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,34233,34234,34236,34238,34240,34242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34235,7751],{"class":53},[47,34237,58],{"class":57},[47,34239,136],{"class":125},[47,34241,3718],{"class":129},[47,34243,3230],{"class":125},[47,34245,34246,34248,34250,34253,34255,34257],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34247,167],{"class":166},[47,34249,170],{"class":61},[47,34251,34252],{"class":166},"dir",[47,34254,170],{"class":61},[47,34256,7542],{"class":173},[47,34258,506],{"class":61},[14,34260,1967,34261,34264],{},[44,34262,34263],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34266,34267],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[37,34269,34271],{"className":39,"code":34270,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[44,34272,34273],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,34274,34275,34277,34279,34282,34284,34286,34288,34291,34293,34295,34297,34300,34302,34304,34306,34309,34311,34313,34315,34318,34320,34322,34324,34327,34329,34331,34335,34337,34339,34341,34343,34345,34347,34350,34352,34354,34356,34359,34361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34276,3773],{"class":61},[47,34278,256],{"class":125},[47,34280,34281],{"class":129},"__add__",[47,34283,256],{"class":125},[47,34285,69],{"class":61},[47,34287,265],{"class":125},[47,34289,34290],{"class":129},"__class__",[47,34292,256],{"class":125},[47,34294,69],{"class":61},[47,34296,265],{"class":125},[47,34298,34299],{"class":129},"__contains__",[47,34301,256],{"class":125},[47,34303,69],{"class":61},[47,34305,265],{"class":125},[47,34307,34308],{"class":129},"__delattr__",[47,34310,256],{"class":125},[47,34312,69],{"class":61},[47,34314,265],{"class":125},[47,34316,34317],{"class":129},"__dir__",[47,34319,256],{"class":125},[47,34321,69],{"class":61},[47,34323,265],{"class":125},[47,34325,34326],{"class":129},"__doc__",[47,34328,256],{"class":125},[47,34330,69],{"class":61},[47,34332,34334],{"class":34333},"s_hVV"," ...",[47,34336,69],{"class":61},[47,34338,265],{"class":125},[47,34340,8518],{"class":129},[47,34342,256],{"class":125},[47,34344,69],{"class":61},[47,34346,265],{"class":125},[47,34348,34349],{"class":129},"split",[47,34351,256],{"class":125},[47,34353,69],{"class":61},[47,34355,265],{"class":125},[47,34357,34358],{"class":129},"upper",[47,34360,256],{"class":125},[47,34362,1402],{"class":61},[14,34364,34365],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[32,34367,3550,34369,3553],{"id":34368},"what-dir-does",[44,34370,34191],{},[14,34372,34373,34375],{},[44,34374,34191],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34377,34378],{},"It usually includes:",[291,34380,34381,34384,34387],{},[294,34382,34383],{},"attributes",[294,34385,34386],{},"methods",[294,34388,34389],{},"special Python names",[14,34391,11336],{},[291,34393,34394,34400,34403],{},[294,34395,34396,34397],{},"The result is a ",[575,34398,34399],{},"list of strings",[294,34401,34402],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[294,34404,34405],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34407,34408,34409,34411],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[44,34410,34191],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[32,34413,2032],{"id":2031},[14,34415,34416,34418],{},[44,34417,34191],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[773,34420,34422,34424],{"id":34421},"dir-with-no-argument",[44,34423,34191],{}," with no argument",[14,34426,34427],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[37,34429,34431],{"className":39,"code":34430,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[44,34432,34433,34441,34453,34457],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,34434,34435,34437,34439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34436,2899],{"class":53},[47,34438,58],{"class":57},[47,34440,2463],{"class":65},[47,34442,34443,34445,34447,34449,34451],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34444,7751],{"class":53},[47,34446,58],{"class":57},[47,34448,136],{"class":125},[47,34450,7551],{"class":129},[47,34452,3230],{"class":125},[47,34454,34455],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,34456,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,34458,34459,34461,34463,34465],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,34460,167],{"class":166},[47,34462,170],{"class":61},[47,34464,34252],{"class":166},[47,34466,7068],{"class":61},[14,34468,34469,34470,4267,34472,34474],{},"This will show names such as ",[44,34471,2049],{},[44,34473,7542],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[773,34476,34478],{"id":34477},"dirobject",[44,34479,34263],{},[14,34481,34482],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[37,34484,34486],{"className":39,"code":34485,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[44,34487,34488,34506],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,34489,34490,34492,34494,34496,34498,34500,34502,34504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34491,167],{"class":166},[47,34493,170],{"class":61},[47,34495,34252],{"class":166},[47,34497,170],{"class":61},[47,34499,126],{"class":125},[47,34501,3718],{"class":129},[47,34503,126],{"class":125},[47,34505,506],{"class":61},[47,34507,34508,34510,34512,34514,34516,34518,34520,34522,34524,34526],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34509,167],{"class":166},[47,34511,170],{"class":61},[47,34513,34252],{"class":166},[47,34515,122],{"class":61},[47,34517,66],{"class":65},[47,34519,69],{"class":61},[47,34521,72],{"class":65},[47,34523,69],{"class":61},[47,34525,77],{"class":65},[47,34527,2873],{"class":61},[14,34529,34530],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[291,34532,34533,34535,34537,34540],{},[294,34534,812],{},[294,34536,5175],{},[294,34538,34539],{},"modules",[294,34541,34542],{},"custom objects",[32,34544,8294,34546,34548],{"id":34545},"using-dir-with-a-value",[44,34547,34191],{}," with a value",[14,34550,34551,34552,34554],{},"A common use of ",[44,34553,34191],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[773,34556,34558],{"id":34557},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[37,34560,34562],{"className":39,"code":34561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[44,34563,34564,34577],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,34565,34566,34569,34571,34573,34575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34567,34568],{"class":53},"text ",[47,34570,58],{"class":57},[47,34572,136],{"class":125},[47,34574,3718],{"class":129},[47,34576,3230],{"class":125},[47,34578,34579,34581,34583,34585,34587,34590],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34580,167],{"class":166},[47,34582,170],{"class":61},[47,34584,34252],{"class":166},[47,34586,170],{"class":61},[47,34588,34589],{"class":173},"text",[47,34591,506],{"class":61},[14,34593,34594],{},"You will see method names like:",[291,34596,34597,34601,34605,34609],{},[294,34598,34599],{},[44,34600,8518],{},[294,34602,34603],{},[44,34604,34358],{},[294,34606,34607],{},[44,34608,34349],{},[294,34610,34611],{},[44,34612,8512],{},[14,34614,34615],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[773,34617,34619],{"id":34618},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[37,34621,34623],{"className":39,"code":34622,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[44,34624,34625,34645],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,34626,34627,34629,34631,34633,34635,34637,34639,34641,34643],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34628,54],{"class":53},[47,34630,58],{"class":57},[47,34632,957],{"class":61},[47,34634,66],{"class":65},[47,34636,69],{"class":61},[47,34638,72],{"class":65},[47,34640,69],{"class":61},[47,34642,77],{"class":65},[47,34644,1402],{"class":61},[47,34646,34647,34649,34651,34653,34655,34657],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34648,167],{"class":166},[47,34650,170],{"class":61},[47,34652,34252],{"class":166},[47,34654,170],{"class":61},[47,34656,174],{"class":173},[47,34658,506],{"class":61},[14,34660,34594],{},[291,34662,34663,34667,34671,34676],{},[294,34664,34665],{},[44,34666,13431],{},[294,34668,34669],{},[44,34670,26118],{},[294,34672,34673],{},[44,34674,34675],{},"remove",[294,34677,34678],{},[44,34679,34680],{},"sort",[14,34682,34683],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34685,34686,34687,34692,34693,34695],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[21,34688,34690],{"href":34689},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[44,34691,2179],{}," can help first. Then ",[44,34694,34191],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[32,34697,8294,34699,34424],{"id":34698},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[44,34700,34191],{},[14,34702,34703,34704,34706],{},"When used with no argument, ",[44,34705,34191],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34708,34709],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[37,34711,34713],{"className":39,"code":34712,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[44,34714,34715,34724,34728,34739,34751,34755],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,34716,34717,34719,34721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34718,2899],{"class":53},[47,34720,58],{"class":57},[47,34722,34723],{"class":65}," 5\n",[47,34725,34726],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34727,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,34729,34730,34733,34737],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,34731,34732],{"class":525},"def",[47,34734,34736],{"class":34735},"sGLFI"," greet",[47,34738,21471],{"class":61},[47,34740,34741,34744,34746,34749],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,34742,34743],{"class":3749},"    return",[47,34745,136],{"class":125},[47,34747,34748],{"class":129},"Hello",[47,34750,3230],{"class":125},[47,34752,34753],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,34754,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,34756,34757,34759,34761,34763],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,34758,167],{"class":166},[47,34760,170],{"class":61},[47,34762,34252],{"class":166},[47,34764,7068],{"class":61},[14,34766,34767],{},"The output will include names like:",[291,34769,34770,34774],{},[294,34771,34772],{},[44,34773,2049],{},[294,34775,34776],{},[44,34777,34778],{},"greet",[14,34780,34781],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[291,34783,34784,34787,34790],{},[294,34785,34786],{},"what variables exist",[294,34788,34789],{},"what functions you have defined",[294,34791,34792],{},"what names are currently available",[14,34794,34795],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[32,34797,34799],{"id":34798},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,34801,34802,34803,34805],{},"When you first use ",[44,34804,34191],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,34807,2083],{},[37,34809,34810],{"className":39,"code":34561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,34811,34812,34824],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,34813,34814,34816,34818,34820,34822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34815,34568],{"class":53},[47,34817,58],{"class":57},[47,34819,136],{"class":125},[47,34821,3718],{"class":129},[47,34823,3230],{"class":125},[47,34825,34826,34828,34830,34832,34834,34836],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34827,167],{"class":166},[47,34829,170],{"class":61},[47,34831,34252],{"class":166},[47,34833,170],{"class":61},[47,34835,34589],{"class":173},[47,34837,506],{"class":61},[14,34839,34840],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[291,34842,34843,34847,34851],{},[294,34844,34845],{},[44,34846,34290],{},[294,34848,34849],{},[44,34850,34326],{},[294,34852,34853],{},[44,34854,34855],{},"__len__",[14,34857,34858],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,34860,34861],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[291,34863,34864,34868,34872,34876],{},[294,34865,34866],{},[44,34867,34358],{},[294,34869,34870],{},[44,34871,8518],{},[294,34873,34874],{},[44,34875,34349],{},[294,34877,34878],{},[44,34879,34880],{},"replace",[14,34882,34883],{},"A key point to remember:",[291,34885,34886,34894],{},[294,34887,34888,34890,34891],{},[44,34889,34191],{}," lists ",[575,34892,34893],{},"names only",[294,34895,34896,34897,34899],{},"it does ",[575,34898,577],{}," explain what each name does",[14,34901,34902,34903,30],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[21,34904,34906],{"href":34905},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[44,34907,34908],{},"help()",[14,34910,5346],{},[37,34912,34914],{"className":39,"code":34913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[44,34915,34916,34928],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,34917,34918,34920,34922,34924,34926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34919,7751],{"class":53},[47,34921,58],{"class":57},[47,34923,136],{"class":125},[47,34925,3718],{"class":129},[47,34927,3230],{"class":125},[47,34929,34930,34932,34934,34936,34938,34940],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34931,32031],{"class":166},[47,34933,170],{"class":61},[47,34935,7542],{"class":173},[47,34937,30],{"class":61},[47,34939,34358],{"class":24626},[47,34941,80],{"class":61},[32,34943,34945,34947],{"id":34944},"dir-on-modules",[44,34946,34191],{}," on modules",[14,34949,15592,34950,34952],{},[44,34951,34191],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,34954,34955],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[773,34957,34959,34960,34962],{"id":34958},"example-math-module","Example: ",[44,34961,18293],{}," module",[37,34964,34966],{"className":39,"code":34965,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[44,34967,34968,34976,34980],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,34969,34970,34973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34971,34972],{"class":3749},"import",[47,34974,34975],{"class":53}," math\n",[47,34977,34978],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34979,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,34981,34982,34984,34986,34988,34990,34992],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,34983,167],{"class":166},[47,34985,170],{"class":61},[47,34987,34252],{"class":166},[47,34989,170],{"class":61},[47,34991,18293],{"class":173},[47,34993,506],{"class":61},[14,34995,34996],{},"You may see names like:",[291,34998,34999,35004,35009,35014],{},[294,35000,35001],{},[44,35002,35003],{},"sqrt",[294,35005,35006],{},[44,35007,35008],{},"ceil",[294,35010,35011],{},[44,35012,35013],{},"floor",[294,35015,35016],{},[44,35017,35018],{},"pi",[14,35020,35021],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35023,35024],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[291,35026,35027,35033],{},[294,35028,35029],{},[21,35030,35032],{"href":35031},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[294,35034,35035],{},[21,35036,35038],{"href":35037},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[773,35040,35042],{"id":35041},"another-example","Another example",[37,35044,35046],{"className":39,"code":35045,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[44,35047,35048,35055,35059],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,35049,35050,35052],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35051,34972],{"class":3749},[47,35053,35054],{"class":53}," json\n",[47,35056,35057],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35058,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,35060,35061,35063,35065,35067,35069,35072],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35062,167],{"class":166},[47,35064,170],{"class":61},[47,35066,34252],{"class":166},[47,35068,170],{"class":61},[47,35070,35071],{"class":173},"json",[47,35073,506],{"class":61},[14,35075,35076,35077,2064,35080,2064,35083,16949,35086,30],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[44,35078,35079],{},"dump",[44,35081,35082],{},"dumps",[44,35084,35085],{},"load",[44,35087,35088],{},"loads",[32,35090,35092,10461,35094],{"id":35091},"dir-vs-help",[44,35093,34191],{},[44,35095,34908],{},[14,35097,35098,4267,35100,35102],{},[44,35099,34191],{},[44,35101,34908],{}," are often used together.",[773,35104,35105],{"id":34252},[44,35106,34191],{},[291,35108,35109,35112],{},[294,35110,35111],{},"shows available names",[294,35113,35114],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[773,35116,35117],{"id":32031},[44,35118,34908],{},[291,35120,35121,35124],{},[294,35122,35123],{},"explains what an object or function does",[294,35125,35126],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35128,35129],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[37,35131,35133],{"className":39,"code":35132,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[44,35134,35135,35147,35151,35165],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,35136,35137,35139,35141,35143,35145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35138,7751],{"class":53},[47,35140,58],{"class":57},[47,35142,136],{"class":125},[47,35144,3718],{"class":129},[47,35146,3230],{"class":125},[47,35148,35149],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35150,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,35152,35153,35155,35157,35159,35161,35163],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35154,167],{"class":166},[47,35156,170],{"class":61},[47,35158,34252],{"class":166},[47,35160,170],{"class":61},[47,35162,7542],{"class":173},[47,35164,506],{"class":61},[47,35166,35167,35169,35171,35173,35175,35177],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,35168,32031],{"class":166},[47,35170,170],{"class":61},[47,35172,7542],{"class":173},[47,35174,30],{"class":61},[47,35176,34358],{"class":24626},[47,35178,80],{"class":61},[14,35180,1967,35181,35183,35184,35186,35187,35189],{},[44,35182,34191],{}," first to find a method name.",[9721,35185],{},"\nThen use ",[44,35188,34908],{}," to understand how to use it.",[32,35191,25234],{"id":25233},[14,35193,35194],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[773,35196,35198,35200],{"id":35197},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[44,35199,34191],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35202,35203,35205],{},[44,35204,34191],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35207,35208,35209,35211,35212,35215],{},"For example, seeing ",[44,35210,34358],{}," in ",[44,35213,35214],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[773,35217,35219],{"id":35218},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35221,35222],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35224,35225],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[773,35227,35229],{"id":35228},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35231,35232],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35234,5346],{},[291,35236,35237,35242,35248],{},[294,35238,35239,35241],{},[44,35240,35214],{}," shows string-related names",[294,35243,35244,35247],{},[44,35245,35246],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[294,35249,35250,35253,35254,34962],{},[44,35251,35252],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[44,35255,18293],{},[773,35257,35259],{"id":35258},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35261,35262,35263,35265],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[44,35264,34191],{}," does not mean you already know:",[291,35267,35268,35271,35274],{},[294,35269,35270],{},"what it does",[294,35272,35273],{},"what arguments it needs",[294,35275,35276],{},"what it returns",[14,35278,35279,35280,35282],{},"That is why ",[44,35281,34908],{}," is the natural next step.",[32,35284,1284],{"id":1283},[14,35286,35287,35288,35290],{},"Beginners often use ",[44,35289,34191],{}," in these situations:",[291,35292,35293,35296,35305,35308],{},[294,35294,35295],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[294,35297,35298,35299,35304],{},"Seeing an ",[21,35300,35302],{"href":35301},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[44,35303,25548],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[294,35306,35307],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[294,35309,8294,35310,35312,35313],{},[44,35311,34191],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[44,35314,34908],{},[14,35316,35317],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[37,35319,35321],{"className":39,"code":35320,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[44,35322,35323,35335,35339,35353,35367],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,35324,35325,35327,35329,35331,35333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35326,7751],{"class":53},[47,35328,58],{"class":57},[47,35330,136],{"class":125},[47,35332,3718],{"class":129},[47,35334,3230],{"class":125},[47,35336,35337],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35338,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,35340,35341,35343,35345,35347,35349,35351],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35342,167],{"class":166},[47,35344,170],{"class":61},[47,35346,499],{"class":118},[47,35348,170],{"class":61},[47,35350,7542],{"class":173},[47,35352,506],{"class":61},[47,35354,35355,35357,35359,35361,35363,35365],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,35356,167],{"class":166},[47,35358,170],{"class":61},[47,35360,34252],{"class":166},[47,35362,170],{"class":61},[47,35364,7542],{"class":173},[47,35366,506],{"class":61},[47,35368,35369,35371,35373,35375,35377,35379],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,35370,32031],{"class":166},[47,35372,170],{"class":61},[47,35374,7542],{"class":173},[47,35376,30],{"class":61},[47,35378,34358],{"class":24626},[47,35380,80],{"class":61},[14,35382,35383],{},"And for modules:",[37,35385,35386],{"className":39,"code":34965,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,35387,35388,35394,35398],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,35389,35390,35392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35391,34972],{"class":3749},[47,35393,34975],{"class":53},[47,35395,35396],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35397,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,35399,35400,35402,35404,35406,35408,35410],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35401,167],{"class":166},[47,35403,170],{"class":61},[47,35405,34252],{"class":166},[47,35407,170],{"class":61},[47,35409,18293],{"class":173},[47,35411,506],{"class":61},[14,35413,35414],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[37,35416,35418],{"className":39,"code":35417,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[44,35419,35420,35425,35437,35447,35461,35467],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,35421,35422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35423,35424],{"class":53},"python\n",[47,35426,35427,35429,35431,35433,35435],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35428,7751],{"class":53},[47,35430,58],{"class":57},[47,35432,136],{"class":125},[47,35434,3718],{"class":129},[47,35436,3230],{"class":125},[47,35438,35439,35441,35443,35445],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35440,34252],{"class":166},[47,35442,170],{"class":61},[47,35444,7542],{"class":173},[47,35446,80],{"class":61},[47,35448,35449,35451,35453,35455,35457,35459],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,35450,32031],{"class":166},[47,35452,170],{"class":61},[47,35454,7542],{"class":173},[47,35456,30],{"class":61},[47,35458,34358],{"class":24626},[47,35460,80],{"class":61},[47,35462,35463,35465],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,35464,34972],{"class":3749},[47,35466,34975],{"class":53},[47,35468,35469,35471,35473,35475],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,35470,34252],{"class":166},[47,35472,170],{"class":61},[47,35474,18293],{"class":173},[47,35476,80],{"class":61},[32,35478,1708],{"id":1707},[773,35480,1744,35482,5020],{"id":35481},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[44,35483,34191],{},[14,35485,35486],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[773,35488,5054,35490,4267,35492,2368],{"id":35489},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[44,35491,34191],{},[44,35493,34908],{},[14,35495,35496,35498,35499,35501],{},[44,35497,34191],{}," lists available names. ",[44,35500,34908],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[773,35503,35505,35506,35508],{"id":35504},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[44,35507,34191],{}," output?",[14,35510,35511],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[773,35513,5044,35515,35517,35518,2368],{"id":35514},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[44,35516,34191],{}," help fix ",[44,35519,25548],{},[14,35521,35522,35523,30],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[21,35524,35525],{"href":35301},"object has no attribute",[32,35527,1758],{"id":1757},[291,35529,35530,35536,35541,35545,35549],{},[294,35531,35532],{},[21,35533,3448,35534,3381],{"href":34905},[44,35535,34908],{},[294,35537,35538],{},[21,35539,35540],{"href":35301},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[294,35542,35543],{},[21,35544,35032],{"href":35031},[294,35546,35547],{},[21,35548,35038],{"href":35037},[294,35550,35551],{},[21,35552,3448,35553,3381],{"href":34689},[44,35554,2179],{},[14,35556,35557,35558,35560,35561,35563],{},"A good habit is to use ",[44,35559,34191],{}," together with ",[44,35562,34908],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1796,35565,35566],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":35568},[35569,35570,35572,35577,35582,35584,35585,35591,35596,35603,35604,35614],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":34368,"depth":83,"text":35571},"What dir() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032,"children":35573},[35574,35576],{"id":34421,"depth":94,"text":35575},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34477,"depth":94,"text":34263},{"id":34545,"depth":83,"text":35578,"children":35579},"Using dir() with a value",[35580,35581],{"id":34557,"depth":94,"text":34558},{"id":34618,"depth":94,"text":34619},{"id":34698,"depth":83,"text":35583},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34798,"depth":83,"text":34799},{"id":34944,"depth":83,"text":35586,"children":35587},"dir() on modules",[35588,35590],{"id":34958,"depth":94,"text":35589},"Example: math module",{"id":35041,"depth":94,"text":35042},{"id":35091,"depth":83,"text":35592,"children":35593},"dir() vs help()",[35594,35595],{"id":34252,"depth":94,"text":34191},{"id":32031,"depth":94,"text":34908},{"id":25233,"depth":83,"text":25234,"children":35597},[35598,35600,35601,35602],{"id":35197,"depth":94,"text":35599},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35218,"depth":94,"text":35219},{"id":35228,"depth":94,"text":35229},{"id":35258,"depth":94,"text":35259},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":35605},[35606,35608,35610,35612],{"id":35481,"depth":94,"text":35607},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35489,"depth":94,"text":35609},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35504,"depth":94,"text":35611},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35514,"depth":94,"text":35613},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34183,"description":35615},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35622,"title":35623,"body":35624,"description":37441,"extension":1837,"meta":37442,"navigation":159,"path":37443,"seo":37444,"stem":37445,"__hash__":37446},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35625,"toc":37410},[35626,35632,35637,35640,35648,35654,35656,35736,35738,35764,35769,35774,35779,35782,35793,35796,35798,35877,35879,35905,35912,35914,35916,35941,35944,35957,35962,35964,36043,36045,36071,36080,36085,36093,36099,36106,36109,36111,36190,36193,36250,36252,36289,36295,36300,36305,36308,36322,36324,36427,36429,36472,36481,36491,36498,36504,36511,36594,36596,36619,36622,36625,36627,36631,36635,36638,36701,36724,36727,36731,36737,36739,36806,36809,36886,36891,36897,36900,36903,36949,36951,36975,36980,36984,36989,36995,37058,37061,37063,37066,37090,37093,37228,37230,37331,37333,37338,37341,37347,37357,37365,37370,37376,37382,37384,37407],[10,35627,3448,35629,3452],{"id":35628},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[44,35630,35631],{},"enumerate()",[14,35633,35634,35636],{},[44,35635,35631],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35638,35639],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[291,35641,35642,35645],{},[294,35643,35644],{},"the item itself",[294,35646,35647],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35649,35650,35651,35653],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[44,35652,35631],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[32,35655,35],{"id":34},[37,35657,35659],{"className":39,"code":35658,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[44,35660,35661,35693,35697,35720],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,35662,35663,35665,35667,35669,35671,35673,35675,35677,35679,35681,35683,35685,35687,35689,35691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35664,823],{"class":53},[47,35666,58],{"class":57},[47,35668,957],{"class":61},[47,35670,126],{"class":125},[47,35672,832],{"class":129},[47,35674,126],{"class":125},[47,35676,69],{"class":61},[47,35678,136],{"class":125},[47,35680,841],{"class":129},[47,35682,126],{"class":125},[47,35684,69],{"class":61},[47,35686,136],{"class":125},[47,35688,850],{"class":129},[47,35690,126],{"class":125},[47,35692,1402],{"class":61},[47,35694,35695],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35696,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,35698,35699,35701,35704,35706,35709,35711,35714,35716,35718],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35700,5832],{"class":3749},[47,35702,35703],{"class":53}," index",[47,35705,69],{"class":61},[47,35707,35708],{"class":53}," color ",[47,35710,3756],{"class":3749},[47,35712,35713],{"class":166}," enumerate",[47,35715,170],{"class":61},[47,35717,863],{"class":173},[47,35719,8218],{"class":61},[47,35721,35722,35724,35726,35729,35731,35734],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,35723,7944],{"class":166},[47,35725,170],{"class":61},[47,35727,35728],{"class":173},"index",[47,35730,69],{"class":61},[47,35732,35733],{"class":173}," color",[47,35735,80],{"class":61},[14,35737,215],{},[37,35739,35741],{"className":39,"code":35740,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[44,35742,35743,35750,35757],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,35744,35745,35747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35746,1237],{"class":65},[47,35748,35749],{"class":53}," red\n",[47,35751,35752,35754],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35753,66],{"class":65},[47,35755,35756],{"class":53}," green\n",[47,35758,35759,35761],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35760,1931],{"class":65},[47,35762,35763],{"class":53}," blue\n",[14,35765,1967,35766,35768],{},[44,35767,35631],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[32,35770,3550,35772,3553],{"id":35771},"what-enumerate-does",[44,35773,35631],{},[14,35775,35776,35778],{},[44,35777,35631],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,35780,35781],{},"It is commonly used with:",[291,35783,35784,35786,35788,35790],{},[294,35785,5175],{},[294,35787,5178],{},[294,35789,812],{},[294,35791,35792],{},"other iterable objects",[14,35794,35795],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,35797,2083],{},[37,35799,35801],{"className":39,"code":35800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[44,35802,35803,35837,35841,35862],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,35804,35805,35807,35809,35811,35813,35815,35817,35819,35821,35824,35826,35828,35830,35833,35835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35806,4870],{"class":53},[47,35808,58],{"class":57},[47,35810,957],{"class":61},[47,35812,126],{"class":125},[47,35814,12760],{"class":129},[47,35816,126],{"class":125},[47,35818,69],{"class":61},[47,35820,136],{"class":125},[47,35822,35823],{"class":129},"Ben",[47,35825,126],{"class":125},[47,35827,69],{"class":61},[47,35829,136],{"class":125},[47,35831,35832],{"class":129},"Cara",[47,35834,126],{"class":125},[47,35836,1402],{"class":61},[47,35838,35839],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35840,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,35842,35843,35845,35847,35849,35852,35854,35856,35858,35860],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35844,5832],{"class":3749},[47,35846,35703],{"class":53},[47,35848,69],{"class":61},[47,35850,35851],{"class":53}," name ",[47,35853,3756],{"class":3749},[47,35855,35713],{"class":166},[47,35857,170],{"class":61},[47,35859,4914],{"class":173},[47,35861,8218],{"class":61},[47,35863,35864,35866,35868,35870,35872,35875],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,35865,7944],{"class":166},[47,35867,170],{"class":61},[47,35869,35728],{"class":173},[47,35871,69],{"class":61},[47,35873,35874],{"class":173}," name",[47,35876,80],{"class":61},[14,35878,215],{},[37,35880,35882],{"className":39,"code":35881,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[44,35883,35884,35891,35898],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,35885,35886,35888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35887,1237],{"class":65},[47,35889,35890],{"class":53}," Ana\n",[47,35892,35893,35895],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35894,66],{"class":65},[47,35896,35897],{"class":53}," Ben\n",[47,35899,35900,35902],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35901,1931],{"class":65},[47,35903,35904],{"class":53}," Cara\n",[14,35906,35907,35908,30],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[21,35909,35911],{"href":35910},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[32,35913,2032],{"id":2031},[14,35915,2035],{},[37,35917,35919],{"className":39,"code":35918,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[44,35920,35921],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,35922,35923,35926,35928,35930,35932,35935,35937,35939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35924,35925],{"class":166},"enumerate",[47,35927,170],{"class":61},[47,35929,3594],{"class":173},[47,35931,69],{"class":61},[47,35933,35934],{"class":9053}," start",[47,35936,58],{"class":57},[47,35938,1237],{"class":65},[47,35940,80],{"class":61},[14,35942,35943],{},"It has two parts:",[291,35945,35946,35951],{},[294,35947,35948,35950],{},[44,35949,3594],{},": the object you want to loop through",[294,35952,35953,35956],{},[44,35954,35955],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,35958,35959,35960,30],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[44,35961,1237],{},[14,35963,2083],{},[37,35965,35967],{"className":39,"code":35966,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[44,35968,35969,36001,36005,36027],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,35970,35971,35973,35975,35977,35979,35981,35983,35985,35987,35989,35991,35993,35995,35997,35999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35972,1118],{"class":53},[47,35974,58],{"class":57},[47,35976,957],{"class":61},[47,35978,126],{"class":125},[47,35980,21],{"class":129},[47,35982,126],{"class":125},[47,35984,69],{"class":61},[47,35986,136],{"class":125},[47,35988,139],{"class":129},[47,35990,126],{"class":125},[47,35992,69],{"class":61},[47,35994,136],{"class":125},[47,35996,148],{"class":129},[47,35998,126],{"class":125},[47,36000,1402],{"class":61},[47,36002,36003],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36004,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,36006,36007,36009,36012,36014,36017,36019,36021,36023,36025],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36008,5832],{"class":3749},[47,36010,36011],{"class":53}," i",[47,36013,69],{"class":61},[47,36015,36016],{"class":53}," letter ",[47,36018,3756],{"class":3749},[47,36020,35713],{"class":166},[47,36022,170],{"class":61},[47,36024,1142],{"class":173},[47,36026,8218],{"class":61},[47,36028,36029,36031,36033,36036,36038,36041],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36030,7944],{"class":166},[47,36032,170],{"class":61},[47,36034,36035],{"class":173},"i",[47,36037,69],{"class":61},[47,36039,36040],{"class":173}," letter",[47,36042,80],{"class":61},[14,36044,215],{},[37,36046,36048],{"className":39,"code":36047,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[44,36049,36050,36057,36064],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36051,36052,36054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36053,1237],{"class":65},[47,36055,36056],{"class":53}," a\n",[47,36058,36059,36061],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36060,66],{"class":65},[47,36062,36063],{"class":53}," b\n",[47,36065,36066,36068],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36067,1931],{"class":65},[47,36069,36070],{"class":53}," c\n",[14,36072,36073,36074,30],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[21,36075,3448,36077,3381],{"href":36076},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[44,36078,36079],{},"range()",[32,36081,3550,36083,11584],{"id":36082},"what-enumerate-returns",[44,36084,35631],{},[14,36086,36087,36089,36090,30],{},[44,36088,35631],{}," returns an ",[575,36091,36092],{},"enumerate object",[14,36094,36095,36096,36098],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[44,36097,5832],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[291,36100,36101],{},[294,36102,36103],{},[44,36104,36105],{},"(index, item)",[14,36107,36108],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36110,2083],{},[37,36112,36114],{"className":39,"code":36113,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[44,36115,36116,36149,36153,36175],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36117,36118,36121,36123,36125,36127,36129,36131,36133,36135,36137,36139,36141,36143,36145,36147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36119,36120],{"class":53},"fruits ",[47,36122,58],{"class":57},[47,36124,957],{"class":61},[47,36126,126],{"class":125},[47,36128,405],{"class":129},[47,36130,126],{"class":125},[47,36132,69],{"class":61},[47,36134,136],{"class":125},[47,36136,3960],{"class":129},[47,36138,126],{"class":125},[47,36140,69],{"class":61},[47,36142,136],{"class":125},[47,36144,33100],{"class":129},[47,36146,126],{"class":125},[47,36148,1402],{"class":61},[47,36150,36151],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36152,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,36154,36155,36157,36159,36161,36164,36166,36168,36170,36173],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36156,5832],{"class":3749},[47,36158,35703],{"class":53},[47,36160,69],{"class":61},[47,36162,36163],{"class":53}," fruit ",[47,36165,3756],{"class":3749},[47,36167,35713],{"class":166},[47,36169,170],{"class":61},[47,36171,36172],{"class":173},"fruits",[47,36174,8218],{"class":61},[47,36176,36177,36179,36181,36183,36185,36188],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36178,7944],{"class":166},[47,36180,170],{"class":61},[47,36182,35728],{"class":173},[47,36184,69],{"class":61},[47,36186,36187],{"class":173}," fruit",[47,36189,80],{"class":61},[14,36191,36192],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[37,36194,36196],{"className":39,"code":36195,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[44,36197,36198,36218,36222,36240],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36199,36200,36202,36204,36206,36208,36210,36212,36214,36216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36201,54],{"class":53},[47,36203,58],{"class":57},[47,36205,957],{"class":61},[47,36207,960],{"class":65},[47,36209,69],{"class":61},[47,36211,965],{"class":65},[47,36213,69],{"class":61},[47,36215,7669],{"class":65},[47,36217,1402],{"class":61},[47,36219,36220],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36221,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,36223,36224,36226,36228,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36225,2106],{"class":53},[47,36227,58],{"class":57},[47,36229,22436],{"class":118},[47,36231,170],{"class":61},[47,36233,35925],{"class":166},[47,36235,170],{"class":61},[47,36237,174],{"class":173},[47,36239,506],{"class":61},[47,36241,36242,36244,36246,36248],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36243,167],{"class":166},[47,36245,170],{"class":61},[47,36247,2141],{"class":173},[47,36249,80],{"class":61},[14,36251,215],{},[37,36253,36255],{"className":39,"code":36254,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[44,36256,36257],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36258,36259,36261,36263,36265,36267,36269,36271,36273,36275,36277,36279,36281,36283,36285,36287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36260,21616],{"class":61},[47,36262,1237],{"class":65},[47,36264,69],{"class":61},[47,36266,5879],{"class":65},[47,36268,954],{"class":61},[47,36270,62],{"class":61},[47,36272,66],{"class":65},[47,36274,69],{"class":61},[47,36276,965],{"class":65},[47,36278,954],{"class":61},[47,36280,62],{"class":61},[47,36282,1931],{"class":65},[47,36284,69],{"class":61},[47,36286,7669],{"class":65},[47,36288,9124],{"class":61},[14,36290,36291,36292,36294],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[44,36293,35631],{}," produces.",[32,36296,4836,36298],{"id":36297},"when-to-use-enumerate",[44,36299,35631],{},[14,36301,1967,36302,36304],{},[44,36303,35631],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36306,36307],{},"Common cases:",[291,36309,36310,36313,36316,36319],{},[294,36311,36312],{},"printing numbered output",[294,36314,36315],{},"building menus",[294,36317,36318],{},"showing positions in a list",[294,36320,36321],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36323,2083],{},[37,36325,36327],{"className":39,"code":36326,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[44,36328,36329,36364,36368,36398],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36330,36331,36333,36335,36337,36339,36342,36344,36346,36348,36351,36353,36355,36357,36360,36362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36332,29775],{"class":53},[47,36334,58],{"class":57},[47,36336,957],{"class":61},[47,36338,126],{"class":125},[47,36340,36341],{"class":129},"Wash dishes",[47,36343,126],{"class":125},[47,36345,69],{"class":61},[47,36347,136],{"class":125},[47,36349,36350],{"class":129},"Study Python",[47,36352,126],{"class":125},[47,36354,69],{"class":61},[47,36356,136],{"class":125},[47,36358,36359],{"class":129},"Go for a walk",[47,36361,126],{"class":125},[47,36363,1402],{"class":61},[47,36365,36366],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36367,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,36369,36370,36372,36374,36376,36379,36381,36383,36385,36388,36390,36392,36394,36396],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36371,5832],{"class":3749},[47,36373,2072],{"class":53},[47,36375,69],{"class":61},[47,36377,36378],{"class":53}," task ",[47,36380,3756],{"class":3749},[47,36382,35713],{"class":166},[47,36384,170],{"class":61},[47,36386,36387],{"class":173},"tasks",[47,36389,69],{"class":61},[47,36391,35934],{"class":9053},[47,36393,58],{"class":57},[47,36395,66],{"class":65},[47,36397,8218],{"class":61},[47,36399,36400,36402,36404,36406,36408,36410,36412,36414,36416,36418,36421,36423,36425],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36401,7944],{"class":166},[47,36403,170],{"class":61},[47,36405,22170],{"class":525},[47,36407,126],{"class":129},[47,36409,9153],{"class":65},[47,36411,2116],{"class":173},[47,36413,22179],{"class":65},[47,36415,28191],{"class":129},[47,36417,9153],{"class":65},[47,36419,36420],{"class":173},"task",[47,36422,22179],{"class":65},[47,36424,126],{"class":129},[47,36426,80],{"class":61},[14,36428,215],{},[37,36430,36432],{"className":39,"code":36431,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[44,36433,36434,36446,36458],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36435,36436,36438,36440,36443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36437,66],{"class":65},[47,36439,30],{"class":61},[47,36441,36442],{"class":24626}," Wash",[47,36444,36445],{"class":53}," dishes\n",[47,36447,36448,36450,36452,36455],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36449,1931],{"class":65},[47,36451,30],{"class":61},[47,36453,36454],{"class":24626}," Study",[47,36456,36457],{"class":53}," Python\n",[47,36459,36460,36462,36464,36467,36469],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36461,1937],{"class":65},[47,36463,30],{"class":61},[47,36465,36466],{"class":24626}," Go",[47,36468,3750],{"class":3749},[47,36470,36471],{"class":53}," a walk\n",[14,36473,36474,36475,36477,36478,30],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[44,36476,35631],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[44,36479,36480],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36482,36483,36484,30],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[21,36485,36487,36488,36490],{"href":36486},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[44,36489,35631],{}," in Python",[32,36492,36494,36495,36497],{"id":36493},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[44,36496,35955],{}," argument",[14,36499,36500,36501,36503],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[44,36502,35955],{}," argument.",[14,36505,36506,36507,10969,36509,2760],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[44,36508,66],{},[44,36510,1237],{},[37,36512,36514],{"className":39,"code":36513,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[44,36515,36516,36548,36552,36580],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36517,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542,36544,36546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36519,823],{"class":53},[47,36521,58],{"class":57},[47,36523,957],{"class":61},[47,36525,126],{"class":125},[47,36527,832],{"class":129},[47,36529,126],{"class":125},[47,36531,69],{"class":61},[47,36533,136],{"class":125},[47,36535,841],{"class":129},[47,36537,126],{"class":125},[47,36539,69],{"class":61},[47,36541,136],{"class":125},[47,36543,850],{"class":129},[47,36545,126],{"class":125},[47,36547,1402],{"class":61},[47,36549,36550],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36551,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,36553,36554,36556,36558,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568,36570,36572,36574,36576,36578],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36555,5832],{"class":3749},[47,36557,35703],{"class":53},[47,36559,69],{"class":61},[47,36561,35708],{"class":53},[47,36563,3756],{"class":3749},[47,36565,35713],{"class":166},[47,36567,170],{"class":61},[47,36569,863],{"class":173},[47,36571,69],{"class":61},[47,36573,35934],{"class":9053},[47,36575,58],{"class":57},[47,36577,66],{"class":65},[47,36579,8218],{"class":61},[47,36581,36582,36584,36586,36588,36590,36592],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36583,7944],{"class":166},[47,36585,170],{"class":61},[47,36587,35728],{"class":173},[47,36589,69],{"class":61},[47,36591,35733],{"class":173},[47,36593,80],{"class":61},[14,36595,215],{},[37,36597,36599],{"className":39,"code":36598,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[44,36600,36601,36607,36613],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36602,36603,36605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36604,66],{"class":65},[47,36606,35749],{"class":53},[47,36608,36609,36611],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36610,1931],{"class":65},[47,36612,35756],{"class":53},[47,36614,36615,36617],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36616,1937],{"class":65},[47,36618,35763],{"class":53},[14,36620,36621],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36623,36624],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[32,36626,25234],{"id":25233},[14,36628,25237,36629,30],{},[44,36630,35631],{},[773,36632,36634],{"id":36633},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36636,36637],{},"In this loop:",[37,36639,36641],{"className":39,"code":36640,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[44,36642,36643,36663,36667,36687],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36644,36645,36647,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36646,54],{"class":53},[47,36648,58],{"class":57},[47,36650,957],{"class":61},[47,36652,960],{"class":65},[47,36654,69],{"class":61},[47,36656,965],{"class":65},[47,36658,69],{"class":61},[47,36660,7669],{"class":65},[47,36662,1402],{"class":61},[47,36664,36665],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36666,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,36668,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679,36681,36683,36685],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36670,5832],{"class":3749},[47,36672,35703],{"class":53},[47,36674,69],{"class":61},[47,36676,21460],{"class":53},[47,36678,3756],{"class":3749},[47,36680,35713],{"class":166},[47,36682,170],{"class":61},[47,36684,174],{"class":173},[47,36686,8218],{"class":61},[47,36688,36689,36691,36693,36695,36697,36699],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36690,7944],{"class":166},[47,36692,170],{"class":61},[47,36694,35728],{"class":173},[47,36696,69],{"class":61},[47,36698,8310],{"class":173},[47,36700,80],{"class":61},[291,36702,36703,36713],{},[294,36704,36705,4658,36707,2064,36709,2064,36711],{},[44,36706,35728],{},[44,36708,1237],{},[44,36710,66],{},[44,36712,1931],{},[294,36714,36715,4658,36717,2064,36719,2064,36721],{},[44,36716,605],{},[44,36718,960],{},[44,36720,15632],{},[44,36722,36723],{},"30",[14,36725,36726],{},"These are different things.",[773,36728,36730],{"id":36729},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36732,36733,36734,36736],{},"Each item from ",[44,36735,35631],{}," is a pair.",[14,36738,6561],{},[37,36740,36742],{"className":39,"code":36741,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[44,36743,36744,36768,36772,36792],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36745,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758,36760,36762,36764,36766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36747,7654],{"class":53},[47,36749,58],{"class":57},[47,36751,957],{"class":61},[47,36753,126],{"class":125},[47,36755,2049],{"class":129},[47,36757,126],{"class":125},[47,36759,69],{"class":61},[47,36761,136],{"class":125},[47,36763,11624],{"class":129},[47,36765,126],{"class":125},[47,36767,1402],{"class":61},[47,36769,36770],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36771,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,36773,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36775,5832],{"class":3749},[47,36777,36011],{"class":53},[47,36779,69],{"class":61},[47,36781,5835],{"class":53},[47,36783,3756],{"class":3749},[47,36785,35713],{"class":166},[47,36787,170],{"class":61},[47,36789,7684],{"class":173},[47,36791,8218],{"class":61},[47,36793,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36795,7944],{"class":166},[47,36797,170],{"class":61},[47,36799,36035],{"class":173},[47,36801,69],{"class":61},[47,36803,29384],{"class":173},[47,36805,80],{"class":61},[14,36807,36808],{},"But this causes an error:",[37,36810,36812],{"className":39,"code":36811,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[44,36813,36814,36838,36842,36867],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36815,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36817,7654],{"class":53},[47,36819,58],{"class":57},[47,36821,957],{"class":61},[47,36823,126],{"class":125},[47,36825,2049],{"class":129},[47,36827,126],{"class":125},[47,36829,69],{"class":61},[47,36831,136],{"class":125},[47,36833,11624],{"class":129},[47,36835,126],{"class":125},[47,36837,1402],{"class":61},[47,36839,36840],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36841,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,36843,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36857,36859,36861,36863,36865],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36845,5832],{"class":3749},[47,36847,36011],{"class":53},[47,36849,69],{"class":61},[47,36851,29384],{"class":53},[47,36853,69],{"class":61},[47,36855,36856],{"class":53}," extra ",[47,36858,3756],{"class":3749},[47,36860,35713],{"class":166},[47,36862,170],{"class":61},[47,36864,7684],{"class":173},[47,36866,8218],{"class":61},[47,36868,36869,36871,36873,36875,36877,36879,36881,36884],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36870,7944],{"class":166},[47,36872,170],{"class":61},[47,36874,36035],{"class":173},[47,36876,69],{"class":61},[47,36878,29384],{"class":173},[47,36880,69],{"class":61},[47,36882,36883],{"class":173}," extra",[47,36885,80],{"class":61},[14,36887,28938,36888,36890],{},[44,36889,35631],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[773,36892,36894,36896],{"id":36893},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[44,36895,35631],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,36898,36899],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,36901,36902],{},"Example with a string:",[37,36904,36906],{"className":39,"code":36905,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[44,36907,36908,36934],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36909,36910,36912,36914,36916,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927,36930,36932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36911,5832],{"class":3749},[47,36913,35703],{"class":53},[47,36915,69],{"class":61},[47,36917,36918],{"class":53}," char ",[47,36920,3756],{"class":3749},[47,36922,35713],{"class":166},[47,36924,170],{"class":61},[47,36926,126],{"class":125},[47,36928,36929],{"class":129},"cat",[47,36931,126],{"class":125},[47,36933,8218],{"class":61},[47,36935,36936,36938,36940,36942,36944,36947],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36937,7944],{"class":166},[47,36939,170],{"class":61},[47,36941,35728],{"class":173},[47,36943,69],{"class":61},[47,36945,36946],{"class":173}," char",[47,36948,80],{"class":61},[14,36950,215],{},[37,36952,36954],{"className":39,"code":36953,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[44,36955,36956,36962,36968],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,36957,36958,36960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36959,1237],{"class":65},[47,36961,36070],{"class":53},[47,36963,36964,36966],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36965,66],{"class":65},[47,36967,36056],{"class":53},[47,36969,36970,36972],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36971,1931],{"class":65},[47,36973,36974],{"class":53}," t\n",[14,36976,36977,36978,30],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[21,36979,5012],{"href":5460},[773,36981,36983],{"id":36982},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,36985,36986,36987,30],{},"You do not always need ",[44,36988,35631],{},[14,36990,36991,36992,36994],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[44,36993,5832],{}," loop:",[37,36996,36998],{"className":39,"code":36997,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[44,36999,37000,37032,37036,37048],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,37001,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37003,823],{"class":53},[47,37005,58],{"class":57},[47,37007,957],{"class":61},[47,37009,126],{"class":125},[47,37011,832],{"class":129},[47,37013,126],{"class":125},[47,37015,69],{"class":61},[47,37017,136],{"class":125},[47,37019,841],{"class":129},[47,37021,126],{"class":125},[47,37023,69],{"class":61},[47,37025,136],{"class":125},[47,37027,850],{"class":129},[47,37029,126],{"class":125},[47,37031,1402],{"class":61},[47,37033,37034],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37035,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,37037,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37039,5832],{"class":3749},[47,37041,35708],{"class":53},[47,37043,3756],{"class":3749},[47,37045,13001],{"class":53},[47,37047,6268],{"class":61},[47,37049,37050,37052,37054,37056],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,37051,7944],{"class":166},[47,37053,170],{"class":61},[47,37055,32770],{"class":173},[47,37057,80],{"class":61},[14,37059,37060],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[32,37062,1284],{"id":1283},[14,37064,37065],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[291,37067,37068,37073,37079,37084],{},[294,37069,22977,37070,37072],{},[44,37071,35631],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[294,37074,37075,37076,37078],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[44,37077,1237],{}," by default",[294,37080,8294,37081,37083],{},[44,37082,35631],{}," when only values are needed",[294,37085,1502,37086,8582,37088],{},[44,37087,35631],{},[44,37089,36079],{},[14,37091,37092],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[37,37094,37096],{"className":39,"code":37095,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[44,37097,37098,37120,37147,37181,37214],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,37099,37100,37102,37104,37106,37108,37110,37112,37114,37116,37118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37101,167],{"class":166},[47,37103,170],{"class":61},[47,37105,35925],{"class":166},[47,37107,122],{"class":61},[47,37109,960],{"class":65},[47,37111,69],{"class":61},[47,37113,965],{"class":65},[47,37115,69],{"class":61},[47,37117,7669],{"class":65},[47,37119,2873],{"class":61},[47,37121,37122,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37123,167],{"class":166},[47,37125,170],{"class":61},[47,37127,7969],{"class":118},[47,37129,170],{"class":61},[47,37131,35925],{"class":166},[47,37133,122],{"class":61},[47,37135,960],{"class":65},[47,37137,69],{"class":61},[47,37139,965],{"class":65},[47,37141,69],{"class":61},[47,37143,7669],{"class":65},[47,37145,37146],{"class":61},"])))\n",[47,37148,37149,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37150,167],{"class":166},[47,37152,170],{"class":61},[47,37154,7969],{"class":118},[47,37156,170],{"class":61},[47,37158,35925],{"class":166},[47,37160,122],{"class":61},[47,37162,960],{"class":65},[47,37164,69],{"class":61},[47,37166,965],{"class":65},[47,37168,69],{"class":61},[47,37170,7669],{"class":65},[47,37172,17938],{"class":61},[47,37174,35934],{"class":9053},[47,37176,58],{"class":57},[47,37178,66],{"class":65},[47,37180,2788],{"class":61},[47,37182,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,37184,5832],{"class":3749},[47,37186,36011],{"class":53},[47,37188,69],{"class":61},[47,37190,21460],{"class":53},[47,37192,3756],{"class":3749},[47,37194,35713],{"class":166},[47,37196,122],{"class":61},[47,37198,256],{"class":125},[47,37200,21],{"class":129},[47,37202,256],{"class":125},[47,37204,69],{"class":61},[47,37206,265],{"class":125},[47,37208,139],{"class":129},[47,37210,256],{"class":125},[47,37212,37213],{"class":61},"]):\n",[47,37215,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,37217,7944],{"class":166},[47,37219,170],{"class":61},[47,37221,36035],{"class":173},[47,37223,69],{"class":61},[47,37225,8310],{"class":173},[47,37227,80],{"class":61},[14,37229,16835],{},[37,37231,37233],{"className":39,"code":37232,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[44,37234,37235,37255,37287,37319,37325],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,37236,37237,37239,37241,37243,37246,37250,37253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37238,522],{"class":57},[47,37240,35925],{"class":166},[47,37242,24493],{"class":118},[47,37244,37245],{"class":53}," at ",[47,37247,37249],{"class":37248},"srjyR","0x",[47,37251,37252],{"class":34333},"...",[47,37254,536],{"class":57},[47,37256,37257,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37258,21616],{"class":61},[47,37260,1237],{"class":65},[47,37262,69],{"class":61},[47,37264,5879],{"class":65},[47,37266,954],{"class":61},[47,37268,62],{"class":61},[47,37270,66],{"class":65},[47,37272,69],{"class":61},[47,37274,965],{"class":65},[47,37276,954],{"class":61},[47,37278,62],{"class":61},[47,37280,1931],{"class":65},[47,37282,69],{"class":61},[47,37284,7669],{"class":65},[47,37286,9124],{"class":61},[47,37288,37289,37291,37293,37295,37297,37299,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315,37317],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37290,21616],{"class":61},[47,37292,66],{"class":65},[47,37294,69],{"class":61},[47,37296,5879],{"class":65},[47,37298,954],{"class":61},[47,37300,62],{"class":61},[47,37302,1931],{"class":65},[47,37304,69],{"class":61},[47,37306,965],{"class":65},[47,37308,954],{"class":61},[47,37310,62],{"class":61},[47,37312,1937],{"class":65},[47,37314,69],{"class":61},[47,37316,7669],{"class":65},[47,37318,9124],{"class":61},[47,37320,37321,37323],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,37322,1237],{"class":65},[47,37324,36056],{"class":53},[47,37326,37327,37329],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,37328,66],{"class":65},[47,37330,36063],{"class":53},[32,37332,1708],{"id":1707},[773,37334,1744,37336,5020],{"id":37335},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[44,37337,35631],{},[14,37339,37340],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[773,37342,12584,37344,37346],{"id":37343},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[44,37345,35631],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37348,37349,37350,37352,37353,37356],{},"It starts at ",[44,37351,1237],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[44,37354,37355],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[773,37358,21296,37360,10969,37362,2368],{"id":37359},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[44,37361,35631],{},[44,37363,37364],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37366,36474,37367,37369],{},[44,37368,35631],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[773,37371,5044,37373,37375],{"id":37372},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[44,37374,35631],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37377,37378,37379,37381],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[44,37380,35631],{}," can return each character with its index.",[32,37383,1758],{"id":1757},[291,37385,37386,37390,37396,37403],{},[294,37387,37388],{},[21,37389,35911],{"href":35910},[294,37391,37392],{},[21,37393,3448,37394,3381],{"href":36076},[44,37395,36079],{},[294,37397,37398],{},[21,37399,37400,37401,36490],{"href":36486},"How to use ",[44,37402,35631],{},[294,37404,37405],{},[21,37406,5091],{"href":5460},[1796,37408,37409],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":37411},[37412,37413,37415,37416,37418,37420,37422,37429,37430,37440],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":35771,"depth":83,"text":37414},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":36082,"depth":83,"text":37417},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36297,"depth":83,"text":37419},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36493,"depth":83,"text":37421},"Using the start argument",{"id":25233,"depth":83,"text":25234,"children":37423},[37424,37425,37426,37428],{"id":36633,"depth":94,"text":36634},{"id":36729,"depth":94,"text":36730},{"id":36893,"depth":94,"text":37427},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36982,"depth":94,"text":36983},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":37431},[37432,37434,37436,37438],{"id":37335,"depth":94,"text":37433},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37343,"depth":94,"text":37435},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37359,"depth":94,"text":37437},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37372,"depth":94,"text":37439},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35623,"description":37441},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37448,"title":37449,"body":37450,"description":39964,"extension":1837,"meta":39965,"navigation":159,"path":39966,"seo":39967,"stem":39968,"__hash__":39969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37451,"toc":39921},[37452,37458,37463,37466,37474,37488,37490,37581,37589,37594,37599,37601,37617,37619,37698,37700,37717,37723,37727,37729,37750,37754,37757,37769,37773,37776,37779,37796,37799,37875,37877,37894,37899,37903,37911,37914,37928,37930,38019,38021,38066,38069,38073,38076,38155,38157,38179,38182,38189,38194,38197,38299,38301,38326,38329,38336,38342,38347,38350,38361,38467,38469,38490,38498,38505,38511,38530,38535,38538,38557,38559,38644,38646,38675,38678,38683,38688,38691,38702,38704,38793,38795,38815,38821,38927,38929,38949,38952,39036,39038,39058,39065,39067,39071,39077,39080,39137,39140,39143,39204,39213,39216,39219,39247,39250,39310,39312,39329,39333,39336,39414,39416,39436,39439,39514,39518,39521,39523,39532,39537,39539,39590,39598,39610,39615,39676,39678,39695,39699,39762,39764,39789,39797,39799,39805,39811,39818,39826,39832,39835,39842,39852,39858,39864,39867,39884,39890,39892,39918],[10,37453,3448,37455,3452],{"id":37454},"python-filter-function-explained",[44,37456,37457],{},"filter()",[14,37459,37460,37462],{},[44,37461,37457],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37464,37465],{},"It takes:",[291,37467,37468,37471],{},[294,37469,37470],{},"a function that checks each item",[294,37472,37473],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37475,37476,37477,37480,37481,37484,37485,37487],{},"The result is ",[575,37478,37479],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[44,37482,37483],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[44,37486,24657],{}," to see the values.",[32,37489,35],{"id":34},[37,37491,37493],{"className":39,"code":37492,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[44,37494,37495,37528,37564],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,37496,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37498,54],{"class":53},[47,37500,58],{"class":57},[47,37502,957],{"class":61},[47,37504,66],{"class":65},[47,37506,69],{"class":61},[47,37508,72],{"class":65},[47,37510,69],{"class":61},[47,37512,77],{"class":65},[47,37514,69],{"class":61},[47,37516,2333],{"class":65},[47,37518,69],{"class":61},[47,37520,4480],{"class":65},[47,37522,69],{"class":61},[47,37524,37525],{"class":65}," 6",[47,37527,1402],{"class":61},[47,37529,37530,37532,37534,37537,37539,37542,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37531,2106],{"class":53},[47,37533,58],{"class":57},[47,37535,37536],{"class":166}," filter",[47,37538,170],{"class":61},[47,37540,37541],{"class":525},"lambda",[47,37543,37545],{"class":37544},"sFwrP"," x",[47,37547,2760],{"class":61},[47,37549,3753],{"class":173},[47,37551,6278],{"class":57},[47,37553,72],{"class":65},[47,37555,6283],{"class":57},[47,37557,3706],{"class":65},[47,37559,69],{"class":61},[47,37561,4136],{"class":173},[47,37563,80],{"class":61},[47,37565,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37567,167],{"class":166},[47,37569,170],{"class":61},[47,37571,7969],{"class":118},[47,37573,170],{"class":61},[47,37575,2141],{"class":173},[47,37577,5235],{"class":61},[47,37579,37580],{"class":1494},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37582,37583,37585,37586,37588],{},[44,37584,37457],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[44,37587,24657],{}," to see the results.",[32,37590,3550,37592,3553],{"id":37591},"what-filter-does",[44,37593,37457],{},[14,37595,37596,37598],{},[44,37597,37457],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37600,1982],{},[291,37602,37603,37606,37612],{},[294,37604,37605],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[294,37607,37608,37609,37611],{},"if the test returns ",[44,37610,3477],{},", the item is kept",[294,37613,37608,37614,37616],{},[44,37615,3546],{},", the item is removed",[14,37618,2083],{},[37,37620,37622],{"className":39,"code":37621,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,37623,37624,37652,37656,37684],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,37625,37626,37628,37630,37632,37634,37636,37638,37640,37642,37644,37646,37648,37650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37627,54],{"class":53},[47,37629,58],{"class":57},[47,37631,957],{"class":61},[47,37633,66],{"class":65},[47,37635,69],{"class":61},[47,37637,72],{"class":65},[47,37639,69],{"class":61},[47,37641,77],{"class":65},[47,37643,69],{"class":61},[47,37645,2333],{"class":65},[47,37647,69],{"class":61},[47,37649,4480],{"class":65},[47,37651,1402],{"class":61},[47,37653,37654],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37655,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,37657,37658,37660,37662,37664,37666,37668,37670,37672,37674,37676,37678,37680,37682],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37659,2106],{"class":53},[47,37661,58],{"class":57},[47,37663,37536],{"class":166},[47,37665,170],{"class":61},[47,37667,37541],{"class":525},[47,37669,37545],{"class":37544},[47,37671,2760],{"class":61},[47,37673,3753],{"class":173},[47,37675,4125],{"class":57},[47,37677,77],{"class":65},[47,37679,69],{"class":61},[47,37681,4136],{"class":173},[47,37683,80],{"class":61},[47,37685,37686,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,37687,167],{"class":166},[47,37689,170],{"class":61},[47,37691,7969],{"class":118},[47,37693,170],{"class":61},[47,37695,2141],{"class":173},[47,37697,506],{"class":61},[14,37699,215],{},[37,37701,37703],{"className":39,"code":37702,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[4, 5]\n",[44,37704,37705],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,37706,37707,37709,37711,37713,37715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37708,3773],{"class":61},[47,37710,1210],{"class":65},[47,37712,69],{"class":61},[47,37714,4480],{"class":65},[47,37716,1402],{"class":61},[14,37718,37719,37720,37722],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[44,37721,1937],{}," are kept.",[32,37724,37726],{"id":37725},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37728,2035],{},[37,37730,37732],{"className":39,"code":37731,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[44,37733,37734],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,37735,37736,37738,37740,37743,37745,37748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37737,37483],{"class":166},[47,37739,170],{"class":61},[47,37741,37742],{"class":173},"function",[47,37744,69],{"class":61},[47,37746,37747],{"class":173}," iterable",[47,37749,80],{"class":61},[773,37751,37752],{"id":37742},[44,37753,37742],{},[14,37755,37756],{},"This is the test function.",[291,37758,37759,37762],{},[294,37760,37761],{},"It receives one item at a time",[294,37763,37764,37765,25,37767],{},"It should return ",[44,37766,3477],{},[44,37768,3546],{},[773,37770,37771],{"id":3594},[44,37772,3594],{},[14,37774,37775],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,37777,37778],{},"It can be:",[291,37780,37781,37784,37787,37790,37793],{},[294,37782,37783],{},"a list",[294,37785,37786],{},"a tuple",[294,37788,37789],{},"a string",[294,37791,37792],{},"a set",[294,37794,37795],{},"another iterable object",[14,37797,37798],{},"Example with a tuple:",[37,37800,37802],{"className":39,"code":37801,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,37803,37804,37829,37833,37861],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,37805,37806,37808,37810,37812,37814,37816,37819,37821,37823,37825,37827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37807,54],{"class":53},[47,37809,58],{"class":57},[47,37811,62],{"class":61},[47,37813,960],{"class":65},[47,37815,69],{"class":61},[47,37817,37818],{"class":65}," 15",[47,37820,69],{"class":61},[47,37822,965],{"class":65},[47,37824,69],{"class":61},[47,37826,9181],{"class":65},[47,37828,80],{"class":61},[47,37830,37831],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37832,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,37834,37835,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37836,2106],{"class":53},[47,37838,58],{"class":57},[47,37840,37536],{"class":166},[47,37842,170],{"class":61},[47,37844,37541],{"class":525},[47,37846,37545],{"class":37544},[47,37848,2760],{"class":61},[47,37850,3753],{"class":173},[47,37852,4974],{"class":57},[47,37854,965],{"class":65},[47,37856,69],{"class":61},[47,37858,4136],{"class":173},[47,37860,80],{"class":61},[47,37862,37863,37865,37867,37869,37871,37873],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,37864,167],{"class":166},[47,37866,170],{"class":61},[47,37868,7969],{"class":118},[47,37870,170],{"class":61},[47,37872,2141],{"class":173},[47,37874,506],{"class":61},[14,37876,215],{},[37,37878,37880],{"className":39,"code":37879,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[20, 25]\n",[44,37881,37882],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,37883,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37885,3773],{"class":61},[47,37887,15632],{"class":65},[47,37889,69],{"class":61},[47,37891,9181],{"class":65},[47,37893,1402],{"class":61},[14,37895,37896,37897,30],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[21,37898,5012],{"href":5460},[32,37900,37902],{"id":37901},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,37904,37905,37906,21851,37908,30],{},"In Python 3, ",[44,37907,37457],{},[575,37909,37910],{},"filter object",[14,37912,37913],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[291,37915,37916,37919,37924],{},[294,37917,37918],{},"loop through it",[294,37920,37921,37922],{},"convert it with ",[44,37923,24657],{},[294,37925,37921,37926],{},[44,37927,1028],{},[14,37929,2083],{},[37,37931,37933],{"className":39,"code":37932,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,37934,37935,37977,37981,37991,38005],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,37936,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971,37973,37975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37938,2106],{"class":53},[47,37940,58],{"class":57},[47,37942,37536],{"class":166},[47,37944,170],{"class":61},[47,37946,37541],{"class":525},[47,37948,37545],{"class":37544},[47,37950,2760],{"class":61},[47,37952,3753],{"class":173},[47,37954,4125],{"class":57},[47,37956,72],{"class":65},[47,37958,69],{"class":61},[47,37960,957],{"class":61},[47,37962,66],{"class":65},[47,37964,69],{"class":61},[47,37966,72],{"class":65},[47,37968,69],{"class":61},[47,37970,77],{"class":65},[47,37972,69],{"class":61},[47,37974,2333],{"class":65},[47,37976,153],{"class":61},[47,37978,37979],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37980,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,37982,37983,37985,37987,37989],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37984,167],{"class":166},[47,37986,170],{"class":61},[47,37988,2141],{"class":173},[47,37990,80],{"class":61},[47,37992,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,37994,167],{"class":166},[47,37996,170],{"class":61},[47,37998,499],{"class":118},[47,38000,170],{"class":61},[47,38002,2141],{"class":173},[47,38004,506],{"class":61},[47,38006,38007,38009,38011,38013,38015,38017],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,38008,167],{"class":166},[47,38010,170],{"class":61},[47,38012,7969],{"class":118},[47,38014,170],{"class":61},[47,38016,2141],{"class":173},[47,38018,506],{"class":61},[14,38020,215],{},[37,38022,38024],{"className":39,"code":38023,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[44,38025,38026,38040,38054],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38027,38028,38030,38032,38034,38036,38038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38029,522],{"class":57},[47,38031,37483],{"class":166},[47,38033,24493],{"class":118},[47,38035,37245],{"class":53},[47,38037,37252],{"class":34333},[47,38039,536],{"class":57},[47,38041,38042,38044,38046,38048,38050,38052],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38043,522],{"class":57},[47,38045,526],{"class":525},[47,38047,265],{"class":125},[47,38049,37483],{"class":129},[47,38051,256],{"class":125},[47,38053,536],{"class":57},[47,38055,38056,38058,38060,38062,38064],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,38057,3773],{"class":61},[47,38059,1937],{"class":65},[47,38061,69],{"class":61},[47,38063,2333],{"class":65},[47,38065,1402],{"class":61},[14,38067,38068],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[773,38070,38072],{"id":38071},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38074,38075],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[37,38077,38079],{"className":39,"code":38078,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,38080,38081,38123,38127,38141],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38082,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103,38105,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119,38121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38084,2106],{"class":53},[47,38086,58],{"class":57},[47,38088,37536],{"class":166},[47,38090,170],{"class":61},[47,38092,37541],{"class":525},[47,38094,37545],{"class":37544},[47,38096,2760],{"class":61},[47,38098,3753],{"class":173},[47,38100,4125],{"class":57},[47,38102,72],{"class":65},[47,38104,69],{"class":61},[47,38106,957],{"class":61},[47,38108,66],{"class":65},[47,38110,69],{"class":61},[47,38112,72],{"class":65},[47,38114,69],{"class":61},[47,38116,77],{"class":65},[47,38118,69],{"class":61},[47,38120,2333],{"class":65},[47,38122,153],{"class":61},[47,38124,38125],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38126,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,38128,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137,38139],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,38130,167],{"class":166},[47,38132,170],{"class":61},[47,38134,7969],{"class":118},[47,38136,170],{"class":61},[47,38138,2141],{"class":173},[47,38140,506],{"class":61},[47,38142,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,38144,167],{"class":166},[47,38146,170],{"class":61},[47,38148,7969],{"class":118},[47,38150,170],{"class":61},[47,38152,2141],{"class":173},[47,38154,506],{"class":61},[14,38156,215],{},[37,38158,38160],{"className":39,"code":38159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[44,38161,38162,38174],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38163,38164,38166,38168,38170,38172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38165,3773],{"class":61},[47,38167,1937],{"class":65},[47,38169,69],{"class":61},[47,38171,2333],{"class":65},[47,38173,1402],{"class":61},[47,38175,38176],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38177,38178],{"class":61},"[]\n",[14,38180,38181],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[32,38183,8294,38185,8582,38187],{"id":38184},"using-filter-with-lambda",[44,38186,37457],{},[44,38188,37541],{},[14,38190,15066,38191,38193],{},[44,38192,37541],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38195,38196],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[37,38198,38200],{"className":39,"code":38199,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,38201,38202,38244,38248,38285],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38203,38204,38206,38208,38210,38212,38214,38216,38218,38220,38223,38225,38227,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237,38240,38242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38205,3943],{"class":53},[47,38207,58],{"class":57},[47,38209,957],{"class":61},[47,38211,126],{"class":125},[47,38213,405],{"class":129},[47,38215,126],{"class":125},[47,38217,69],{"class":61},[47,38219,136],{"class":125},[47,38221,38222],{"class":129},"kiwi",[47,38224,126],{"class":125},[47,38226,69],{"class":61},[47,38228,136],{"class":125},[47,38230,3960],{"class":129},[47,38232,126],{"class":125},[47,38234,69],{"class":61},[47,38236,136],{"class":125},[47,38238,38239],{"class":129},"fig",[47,38241,126],{"class":125},[47,38243,1402],{"class":61},[47,38245,38246],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38247,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,38249,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38263,38265,38268,38270,38272,38274,38277,38279,38281,38283],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,38251,2106],{"class":53},[47,38253,58],{"class":57},[47,38255,37536],{"class":166},[47,38257,170],{"class":61},[47,38259,37541],{"class":525},[47,38261,38262],{"class":37544}," word",[47,38264,2760],{"class":61},[47,38266,38267],{"class":166}," len",[47,38269,170],{"class":61},[47,38271,1610],{"class":173},[47,38273,3533],{"class":61},[47,38275,38276],{"class":57}," >",[47,38278,2333],{"class":65},[47,38280,69],{"class":61},[47,38282,6042],{"class":173},[47,38284,80],{"class":61},[47,38286,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,38288,167],{"class":166},[47,38290,170],{"class":61},[47,38292,7969],{"class":118},[47,38294,170],{"class":61},[47,38296,2141],{"class":173},[47,38298,506],{"class":61},[14,38300,215],{},[37,38302,38304],{"className":39,"code":38303,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[44,38305,38306],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38307,38308,38310,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38309,3773],{"class":61},[47,38311,256],{"class":125},[47,38313,405],{"class":129},[47,38315,256],{"class":125},[47,38317,69],{"class":61},[47,38319,265],{"class":125},[47,38321,3960],{"class":129},[47,38323,256],{"class":125},[47,38325,1402],{"class":61},[14,38327,38328],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38330,38331,38332,30],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[21,38333,38335],{"href":38334},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[32,38337,8294,38339,38341],{"id":38338},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[44,38340,37457],{}," with a named function",[14,38343,38344,38345,30],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[44,38346,37541],{},[14,38348,38349],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[291,38351,38352,38355,38358],{},[294,38353,38354],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[294,38356,38357],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[294,38359,38360],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[37,38362,38364],{"className":39,"code":38363,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,38365,38366,38379,38394,38398,38430,38449,38453],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38367,38368,38370,38373,38375,38377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38369,34732],{"class":525},[47,38371,38372],{"class":34735}," is_even",[47,38374,170],{"class":61},[47,38376,2116],{"class":37544},[47,38378,8218],{"class":61},[47,38380,38381,38383,38385,38387,38389,38391],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38382,34743],{"class":3749},[47,38384,6261],{"class":53},[47,38386,6278],{"class":57},[47,38388,72],{"class":65},[47,38390,6283],{"class":57},[47,38392,38393],{"class":65}," 0\n",[47,38395,38396],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,38397,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,38399,38400,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,38401,54],{"class":53},[47,38403,58],{"class":57},[47,38405,957],{"class":61},[47,38407,66],{"class":65},[47,38409,69],{"class":61},[47,38411,72],{"class":65},[47,38413,69],{"class":61},[47,38415,77],{"class":65},[47,38417,69],{"class":61},[47,38419,2333],{"class":65},[47,38421,69],{"class":61},[47,38423,4480],{"class":65},[47,38425,69],{"class":61},[47,38427,37525],{"class":65},[47,38429,1402],{"class":61},[47,38431,38432,38434,38436,38438,38440,38443,38445,38447],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,38433,2106],{"class":53},[47,38435,58],{"class":57},[47,38437,37536],{"class":166},[47,38439,170],{"class":61},[47,38441,38442],{"class":173},"is_even",[47,38444,69],{"class":61},[47,38446,4136],{"class":173},[47,38448,80],{"class":61},[47,38450,38451],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,38452,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,38454,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,38456,167],{"class":166},[47,38458,170],{"class":61},[47,38460,7969],{"class":118},[47,38462,170],{"class":61},[47,38464,2141],{"class":173},[47,38466,506],{"class":61},[14,38468,215],{},[37,38470,38472],{"className":39,"code":38471,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[44,38473,38474],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38475,38476,38478,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38477,3773],{"class":61},[47,38479,1931],{"class":65},[47,38481,69],{"class":61},[47,38483,2333],{"class":65},[47,38485,69],{"class":61},[47,38487,37525],{"class":65},[47,38489,1402],{"class":61},[14,38491,20648,38492,2274,38495,38497],{},[44,38493,38494],{},"is_even()",[44,38496,3477],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[32,38499,8294,38501,8582,38503],{"id":38500},"using-none-with-filter",[44,38502,3652],{},[44,38504,37457],{},[14,38506,38507,38508,38510],{},"You can pass ",[44,38509,3652],{}," as the first argument:",[37,38512,38514],{"className":39,"code":38513,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[44,38515,38516],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38517,38518,38520,38522,38524,38526,38528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38519,37483],{"class":166},[47,38521,170],{"class":61},[47,38523,3652],{"class":412},[47,38525,69],{"class":61},[47,38527,37747],{"class":173},[47,38529,80],{"class":61},[14,38531,38532,38533,7214],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[575,38534,5470],{},[14,38536,38537],{},"Falsy values include:",[291,38539,38540,38544,38549,38553],{},[294,38541,38542],{},[44,38543,1237],{},[294,38545,38546,38548],{},[44,38547,3647],{}," (empty string)",[294,38550,38551],{},[44,38552,3652],{},[294,38554,38555],{},[44,38556,3546],{},[14,38558,2083],{},[37,38560,38562],{"className":39,"code":38561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,38563,38564,38608,38612,38630],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38565,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602,38604,38606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38567,7654],{"class":53},[47,38569,58],{"class":57},[47,38571,957],{"class":61},[47,38573,1237],{"class":65},[47,38575,69],{"class":61},[47,38577,1242],{"class":65},[47,38579,69],{"class":61},[47,38581,6001],{"class":125},[47,38583,69],{"class":61},[47,38585,136],{"class":125},[47,38587,3718],{"class":129},[47,38589,126],{"class":125},[47,38591,69],{"class":61},[47,38593,3725],{"class":412},[47,38595,69],{"class":61},[47,38597,413],{"class":412},[47,38599,69],{"class":61},[47,38601,3780],{"class":412},[47,38603,69],{"class":61},[47,38605,4480],{"class":65},[47,38607,1402],{"class":61},[47,38609,38610],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38611,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,38613,38614,38616,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,38615,2106],{"class":53},[47,38617,58],{"class":57},[47,38619,37536],{"class":166},[47,38621,170],{"class":61},[47,38623,3652],{"class":412},[47,38625,69],{"class":61},[47,38627,5840],{"class":173},[47,38629,80],{"class":61},[47,38631,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,38633,167],{"class":166},[47,38635,170],{"class":61},[47,38637,7969],{"class":118},[47,38639,170],{"class":61},[47,38641,2141],{"class":173},[47,38643,506],{"class":61},[14,38645,215],{},[37,38647,38649],{"className":39,"code":38648,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[44,38650,38651],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38652,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38654,3773],{"class":61},[47,38656,66],{"class":65},[47,38658,69],{"class":61},[47,38660,265],{"class":125},[47,38662,3718],{"class":129},[47,38664,256],{"class":125},[47,38666,69],{"class":61},[47,38668,413],{"class":412},[47,38670,69],{"class":61},[47,38672,4480],{"class":65},[47,38674,1402],{"class":61},[14,38676,38677],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[32,38679,4836,38681],{"id":38680},"when-to-use-filter",[44,38682,37457],{},[14,38684,1967,38685,38687],{},[44,38686,37457],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38689,38690],{},"It works well for:",[291,38692,38693,38696,38699],{},[294,38694,38695],{},"simple filtering rules",[294,38697,38698],{},"quick data cleaning",[294,38700,38701],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38703,2083],{},[37,38705,38707],{"className":39,"code":38706,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[44,38708,38709,38741,38774,38778],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38710,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38712,54],{"class":53},[47,38714,58],{"class":57},[47,38716,957],{"class":61},[47,38718,66],{"class":65},[47,38720,69],{"class":61},[47,38722,72],{"class":65},[47,38724,69],{"class":61},[47,38726,77],{"class":65},[47,38728,69],{"class":61},[47,38730,2333],{"class":65},[47,38732,69],{"class":61},[47,38734,4480],{"class":65},[47,38736,69],{"class":61},[47,38738,37525],{"class":65},[47,38740,1402],{"class":61},[47,38742,38743,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38744,38745],{"class":53},"evens ",[47,38747,58],{"class":57},[47,38749,37536],{"class":166},[47,38751,170],{"class":61},[47,38753,37541],{"class":525},[47,38755,37545],{"class":37544},[47,38757,2760],{"class":61},[47,38759,3753],{"class":173},[47,38761,6278],{"class":57},[47,38763,72],{"class":65},[47,38765,6283],{"class":57},[47,38767,3706],{"class":65},[47,38769,69],{"class":61},[47,38771,4136],{"class":173},[47,38773,80],{"class":61},[47,38775,38776],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,38777,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,38779,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788,38791],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,38781,167],{"class":166},[47,38783,170],{"class":61},[47,38785,7969],{"class":118},[47,38787,170],{"class":61},[47,38789,38790],{"class":173},"evens",[47,38792,506],{"class":61},[14,38794,215],{},[37,38796,38797],{"className":39,"code":38471,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,38798,38799],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38800,38801,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38802,3773],{"class":61},[47,38804,1931],{"class":65},[47,38806,69],{"class":61},[47,38808,2333],{"class":65},[47,38810,69],{"class":61},[47,38812,37525],{"class":65},[47,38814,1402],{"class":61},[14,38816,38817,38818,38820],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[44,38819,5832],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[37,38822,38824],{"className":39,"code":38823,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[44,38825,38826,38858,38866,38870,38882,38898,38913,38917],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38827,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38829,54],{"class":53},[47,38831,58],{"class":57},[47,38833,957],{"class":61},[47,38835,66],{"class":65},[47,38837,69],{"class":61},[47,38839,72],{"class":65},[47,38841,69],{"class":61},[47,38843,77],{"class":65},[47,38845,69],{"class":61},[47,38847,2333],{"class":65},[47,38849,69],{"class":61},[47,38851,4480],{"class":65},[47,38853,69],{"class":61},[47,38855,37525],{"class":65},[47,38857,1402],{"class":61},[47,38859,38860,38862,38864],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38861,38745],{"class":53},[47,38863,58],{"class":57},[47,38865,7713],{"class":61},[47,38867,38868],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,38869,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,38871,38872,38874,38876,38878,38880],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,38873,5832],{"class":3749},[47,38875,6261],{"class":53},[47,38877,3756],{"class":3749},[47,38879,4136],{"class":53},[47,38881,6268],{"class":61},[47,38883,38884,38886,38888,38890,38892,38894,38896],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,38885,6273],{"class":3749},[47,38887,6261],{"class":53},[47,38889,6278],{"class":57},[47,38891,72],{"class":65},[47,38893,6283],{"class":57},[47,38895,3706],{"class":65},[47,38897,6268],{"class":61},[47,38899,38900,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,38901,38902],{"class":53},"        evens",[47,38904,30],{"class":61},[47,38906,13431],{"class":173},[47,38908,170],{"class":61},[47,38910,2116],{"class":173},[47,38912,80],{"class":61},[47,38914,38915],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,38916,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,38918,38919,38921,38923,38925],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,38920,167],{"class":166},[47,38922,170],{"class":61},[47,38924,38790],{"class":173},[47,38926,80],{"class":61},[14,38928,215],{},[37,38930,38931],{"className":39,"code":38471,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,38932,38933],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38934,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38936,3773],{"class":61},[47,38938,1931],{"class":65},[47,38940,69],{"class":61},[47,38942,2333],{"class":65},[47,38944,69],{"class":61},[47,38946,37525],{"class":65},[47,38948,1402],{"class":61},[14,38950,38951],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[37,38953,38955],{"className":39,"code":38954,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[44,38956,38957,38989,39022,39026],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,38958,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38960,54],{"class":53},[47,38962,58],{"class":57},[47,38964,957],{"class":61},[47,38966,66],{"class":65},[47,38968,69],{"class":61},[47,38970,72],{"class":65},[47,38972,69],{"class":61},[47,38974,77],{"class":65},[47,38976,69],{"class":61},[47,38978,2333],{"class":65},[47,38980,69],{"class":61},[47,38982,4480],{"class":65},[47,38984,69],{"class":61},[47,38986,37525],{"class":65},[47,38988,1402],{"class":61},[47,38990,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38992,38745],{"class":53},[47,38994,58],{"class":57},[47,38996,957],{"class":61},[47,38998,2093],{"class":53},[47,39000,5832],{"class":3749},[47,39002,6261],{"class":53},[47,39004,3756],{"class":3749},[47,39006,39007],{"class":53}," numbers ",[47,39009,6871],{"class":3749},[47,39011,6261],{"class":53},[47,39013,6278],{"class":57},[47,39015,72],{"class":65},[47,39017,6283],{"class":57},[47,39019,3706],{"class":65},[47,39021,1402],{"class":61},[47,39023,39024],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,39025,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,39027,39028,39030,39032,39034],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,39029,167],{"class":166},[47,39031,170],{"class":61},[47,39033,38790],{"class":173},[47,39035,80],{"class":61},[14,39037,215],{},[37,39039,39040],{"className":39,"code":38471,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,39041,39042],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39043,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39045,3773],{"class":61},[47,39047,1931],{"class":65},[47,39049,69],{"class":61},[47,39051,2333],{"class":65},[47,39053,69],{"class":61},[47,39055,37525],{"class":65},[47,39057,1402],{"class":61},[14,39059,39060,39061,30],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[21,39062,39064],{"href":39063},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[32,39066,1284],{"id":1283},[14,39068,14612,39069,30],{},[44,39070,37457],{},[773,39072,8330,39074,39076],{"id":39073},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[44,39075,37457],{}," to return a list",[14,39078,39079],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[37,39081,39083],{"className":39,"code":39082,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[44,39084,39085,39127],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39086,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39088,2106],{"class":53},[47,39090,58],{"class":57},[47,39092,37536],{"class":166},[47,39094,170],{"class":61},[47,39096,37541],{"class":525},[47,39098,37545],{"class":37544},[47,39100,2760],{"class":61},[47,39102,3753],{"class":173},[47,39104,4125],{"class":57},[47,39106,72],{"class":65},[47,39108,69],{"class":61},[47,39110,957],{"class":61},[47,39112,66],{"class":65},[47,39114,69],{"class":61},[47,39116,72],{"class":65},[47,39118,69],{"class":61},[47,39120,77],{"class":65},[47,39122,69],{"class":61},[47,39124,2333],{"class":65},[47,39126,153],{"class":61},[47,39128,39129,39131,39133,39135],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39130,167],{"class":166},[47,39132,170],{"class":61},[47,39134,2141],{"class":173},[47,39136,80],{"class":61},[14,39138,39139],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39141,39142],{},"Fix:",[37,39144,39146],{"className":39,"code":39145,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,39147,39148,39190],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39149,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39151,2106],{"class":53},[47,39153,58],{"class":57},[47,39155,37536],{"class":166},[47,39157,170],{"class":61},[47,39159,37541],{"class":525},[47,39161,37545],{"class":37544},[47,39163,2760],{"class":61},[47,39165,3753],{"class":173},[47,39167,4125],{"class":57},[47,39169,72],{"class":65},[47,39171,69],{"class":61},[47,39173,957],{"class":61},[47,39175,66],{"class":65},[47,39177,69],{"class":61},[47,39179,72],{"class":65},[47,39181,69],{"class":61},[47,39183,77],{"class":65},[47,39185,69],{"class":61},[47,39187,2333],{"class":65},[47,39189,153],{"class":61},[47,39191,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39193,167],{"class":166},[47,39195,170],{"class":61},[47,39197,7969],{"class":118},[47,39199,170],{"class":61},[47,39201,2141],{"class":173},[47,39203,506],{"class":61},[773,39205,39207,39208,25,39210,39212],{"id":39206},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[44,39209,3477],{},[44,39211,3546],{}," clearly",[14,39214,39215],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39217,39218],{},"Good example:",[37,39220,39222],{"className":39,"code":39221,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[44,39223,39224,39237],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39225,39226,39228,39231,39233,39235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39227,34732],{"class":525},[47,39229,39230],{"class":34735}," is_positive",[47,39232,170],{"class":61},[47,39234,2116],{"class":37544},[47,39236,8218],{"class":61},[47,39238,39239,39241,39243,39245],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39240,34743],{"class":3749},[47,39242,6261],{"class":53},[47,39244,4125],{"class":57},[47,39246,38393],{"class":65},[14,39248,39249],{},"Then use it with:",[37,39251,39253],{"className":39,"code":39252,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[44,39254,39255,39287],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39256,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39258,54],{"class":53},[47,39260,58],{"class":57},[47,39262,957],{"class":61},[47,39264,1896],{"class":57},[47,39266,1931],{"class":65},[47,39268,69],{"class":61},[47,39270,2098],{"class":57},[47,39272,66],{"class":65},[47,39274,69],{"class":61},[47,39276,3706],{"class":65},[47,39278,69],{"class":61},[47,39280,1242],{"class":65},[47,39282,69],{"class":61},[47,39284,72],{"class":65},[47,39286,1402],{"class":61},[47,39288,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39304,39306,39308],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39290,167],{"class":166},[47,39292,170],{"class":61},[47,39294,7969],{"class":118},[47,39296,170],{"class":61},[47,39298,37483],{"class":166},[47,39300,170],{"class":61},[47,39302,39303],{"class":173},"is_positive",[47,39305,69],{"class":61},[47,39307,4136],{"class":173},[47,39309,2788],{"class":61},[14,39311,215],{},[37,39313,39315],{"className":39,"code":39314,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2]\n",[44,39316,39317],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39318,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39320,3773],{"class":61},[47,39322,66],{"class":65},[47,39324,69],{"class":61},[47,39326,72],{"class":65},[47,39328,1402],{"class":61},[773,39330,39332],{"id":39331},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39334,39335],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[37,39337,39338],{"className":39,"code":38078,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,39339,39340,39382,39386,39400],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39341,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39343,2106],{"class":53},[47,39345,58],{"class":57},[47,39347,37536],{"class":166},[47,39349,170],{"class":61},[47,39351,37541],{"class":525},[47,39353,37545],{"class":37544},[47,39355,2760],{"class":61},[47,39357,3753],{"class":173},[47,39359,4125],{"class":57},[47,39361,72],{"class":65},[47,39363,69],{"class":61},[47,39365,957],{"class":61},[47,39367,66],{"class":65},[47,39369,69],{"class":61},[47,39371,72],{"class":65},[47,39373,69],{"class":61},[47,39375,77],{"class":65},[47,39377,69],{"class":61},[47,39379,2333],{"class":65},[47,39381,153],{"class":61},[47,39383,39384],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39385,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,39387,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,39389,167],{"class":166},[47,39391,170],{"class":61},[47,39393,7969],{"class":118},[47,39395,170],{"class":61},[47,39397,2141],{"class":173},[47,39399,506],{"class":61},[47,39401,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,39403,167],{"class":166},[47,39405,170],{"class":61},[47,39407,7969],{"class":118},[47,39409,170],{"class":61},[47,39411,2141],{"class":173},[47,39413,506],{"class":61},[14,39415,215],{},[37,39417,39418],{"className":39,"code":38159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,39419,39420,39432],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39421,39422,39424,39426,39428,39430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39423,3773],{"class":61},[47,39425,1937],{"class":65},[47,39427,69],{"class":61},[47,39429,2333],{"class":65},[47,39431,1402],{"class":61},[47,39433,39434],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39435,38178],{"class":61},[14,39437,39438],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[37,39440,39442],{"className":39,"code":39441,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[44,39443,39444,39490,39494,39504],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39445,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484,39486,39488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39447,2106],{"class":53},[47,39449,58],{"class":57},[47,39451,22436],{"class":118},[47,39453,170],{"class":61},[47,39455,37483],{"class":166},[47,39457,170],{"class":61},[47,39459,37541],{"class":525},[47,39461,37545],{"class":37544},[47,39463,2760],{"class":61},[47,39465,3753],{"class":173},[47,39467,4125],{"class":57},[47,39469,72],{"class":65},[47,39471,69],{"class":61},[47,39473,957],{"class":61},[47,39475,66],{"class":65},[47,39477,69],{"class":61},[47,39479,72],{"class":65},[47,39481,69],{"class":61},[47,39483,77],{"class":65},[47,39485,69],{"class":61},[47,39487,2333],{"class":65},[47,39489,2873],{"class":61},[47,39491,39492],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39493,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,39495,39496,39498,39500,39502],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,39497,167],{"class":166},[47,39499,170],{"class":61},[47,39501,2141],{"class":173},[47,39503,80],{"class":61},[47,39505,39506,39508,39510,39512],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,39507,167],{"class":166},[47,39509,170],{"class":61},[47,39511,2141],{"class":173},[47,39513,80],{"class":61},[773,39515,39517],{"id":39516},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39519,39520],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39522,744],{},[37,39524,39526],{"className":39,"code":39525,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[44,39527,39528],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39529,39530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39531,39525],{"class":1494},[14,39533,39534,39535,6424],{},"This causes an error because ",[44,39536,960],{},[14,39538,724],{},[37,39540,39542],{"className":39,"code":39541,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[44,39543,39544],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39545,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586,39588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39547,167],{"class":166},[47,39549,170],{"class":61},[47,39551,7969],{"class":118},[47,39553,170],{"class":61},[47,39555,37483],{"class":166},[47,39557,170],{"class":61},[47,39559,37541],{"class":525},[47,39561,37545],{"class":37544},[47,39563,2760],{"class":61},[47,39565,3753],{"class":173},[47,39567,4125],{"class":57},[47,39569,72],{"class":65},[47,39571,69],{"class":61},[47,39573,957],{"class":61},[47,39575,66],{"class":65},[47,39577,69],{"class":61},[47,39579,72],{"class":65},[47,39581,69],{"class":61},[47,39583,77],{"class":65},[47,39585,69],{"class":61},[47,39587,2333],{"class":65},[47,39589,37146],{"class":61},[773,39591,1502,39593,8582,39595],{"id":39592},"confusing-filter-with-map",[44,39594,37457],{},[44,39596,39597],{},"map()",[291,39599,39600,39605],{},[294,39601,39602,39604],{},[44,39603,37457],{}," keeps or removes items",[294,39606,39607,39609],{},[44,39608,39597],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39611,39612,39613,2760],{},"Example of ",[44,39614,37457],{},[37,39616,39618],{"className":39,"code":39617,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[44,39619,39620,39644],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39621,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39623,54],{"class":53},[47,39625,58],{"class":57},[47,39627,957],{"class":61},[47,39629,66],{"class":65},[47,39631,69],{"class":61},[47,39633,72],{"class":65},[47,39635,69],{"class":61},[47,39637,77],{"class":65},[47,39639,69],{"class":61},[47,39641,2333],{"class":65},[47,39643,1402],{"class":61},[47,39645,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658,39660,39662,39664,39666,39668,39670,39672,39674],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39647,167],{"class":166},[47,39649,170],{"class":61},[47,39651,7969],{"class":118},[47,39653,170],{"class":61},[47,39655,37483],{"class":166},[47,39657,170],{"class":61},[47,39659,37541],{"class":525},[47,39661,37545],{"class":37544},[47,39663,2760],{"class":61},[47,39665,3753],{"class":173},[47,39667,4125],{"class":57},[47,39669,72],{"class":65},[47,39671,69],{"class":61},[47,39673,4136],{"class":173},[47,39675,2788],{"class":61},[14,39677,215],{},[37,39679,39681],{"className":39,"code":39680,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 4]\n",[44,39682,39683],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39684,39685,39687,39689,39691,39693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39686,3773],{"class":61},[47,39688,1937],{"class":65},[47,39690,69],{"class":61},[47,39692,2333],{"class":65},[47,39694,1402],{"class":61},[14,39696,39612,39697,2760],{},[44,39698,39597],{},[37,39700,39702],{"className":39,"code":39701,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[44,39703,39704,39728],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39705,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39707,54],{"class":53},[47,39709,58],{"class":57},[47,39711,957],{"class":61},[47,39713,66],{"class":65},[47,39715,69],{"class":61},[47,39717,72],{"class":65},[47,39719,69],{"class":61},[47,39721,77],{"class":65},[47,39723,69],{"class":61},[47,39725,2333],{"class":65},[47,39727,1402],{"class":61},[47,39729,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39754,39756,39758,39760],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39731,167],{"class":166},[47,39733,170],{"class":61},[47,39735,7969],{"class":118},[47,39737,170],{"class":61},[47,39739,39740],{"class":166},"map",[47,39742,170],{"class":61},[47,39744,37541],{"class":525},[47,39746,37545],{"class":37544},[47,39748,2760],{"class":61},[47,39750,3753],{"class":173},[47,39752,39753],{"class":57},"*",[47,39755,72],{"class":65},[47,39757,69],{"class":61},[47,39759,4136],{"class":173},[47,39761,2788],{"class":61},[14,39763,215],{},[37,39765,39767],{"className":39,"code":39766,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[44,39768,39769],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39770,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779,39781,39783,39785,39787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39772,3773],{"class":61},[47,39774,1931],{"class":65},[47,39776,69],{"class":61},[47,39778,2333],{"class":65},[47,39780,69],{"class":61},[47,39782,37525],{"class":65},[47,39784,69],{"class":61},[47,39786,6234],{"class":65},[47,39788,1402],{"class":61},[14,39790,39791,39792,30],{},"For the related function, see ",[21,39793,3448,39795,3381],{"href":39794},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[44,39796,39597],{},[32,39798,1708],{"id":1707},[773,39800,12584,39802,39804],{"id":39801},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[44,39803,37457],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,39806,39807,39808,39810],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[44,39809,24657],{}," if needed.",[773,39812,39814,39815,39817],{"id":39813},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[44,39816,37457],{}," need to return?",[14,39819,37764,39820,39822,39823,39825],{},[44,39821,3477],{}," to keep an item and ",[44,39824,3546],{}," to remove it.",[773,39827,28206,39829,39831],{"id":39828},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[44,39830,37457],{}," without lambda?",[14,39833,39834],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[773,39836,1744,39838,39841],{"id":39837},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[44,39839,39840],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,39843,39844,39845,39847,39848,16949,39850,30],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[44,39846,1237],{},", empty strings, ",[44,39849,3652],{},[44,39851,3546],{},[773,39853,21296,39855,39857],{"id":39854},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[44,39856,37457],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,39859,39860,39861,39863],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[44,39862,5832],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,39865,39866],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[291,39868,39869,39875,39881],{},[294,39870,39871,39872,39874],{},"use ",[44,39873,37457],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[294,39876,39877,39878,39880],{},"use a ",[44,39879,5832],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[294,39882,39883],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,39885,39886,39887,30],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[21,39888,5008],{"href":39889},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[32,39891,1758],{"id":1757},[291,39893,39894,39899,39903,39908,39914],{},[294,39895,39896],{},[21,39897,39898],{"href":38334},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[294,39900,39901],{},[21,39902,5096],{"href":39889},[294,39904,39905],{},[21,39906,39907],{"href":39063},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[294,39909,39910],{},[21,39911,3448,39912,3381],{"href":39794},[44,39913,39597],{},[294,39915,39916],{},[21,39917,5091],{"href":5460},[1796,39919,39920],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":39922},[39923,39924,39926,39930,39933,39935,39937,39939,39941,39951,39963],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":37591,"depth":83,"text":39925},"What filter() does",{"id":37725,"depth":83,"text":37726,"children":39927},[39928,39929],{"id":37742,"depth":94,"text":37742},{"id":3594,"depth":94,"text":3594},{"id":37901,"depth":83,"text":37902,"children":39931},[39932],{"id":38071,"depth":94,"text":38072},{"id":38184,"depth":83,"text":39934},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38338,"depth":83,"text":39936},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38500,"depth":83,"text":39938},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38680,"depth":83,"text":39940},"When to use filter()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":39942},[39943,39945,39947,39948,39949],{"id":39073,"depth":94,"text":39944},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39206,"depth":94,"text":39946},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39331,"depth":94,"text":39332},{"id":39516,"depth":94,"text":39517},{"id":39592,"depth":94,"text":39950},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":39952},[39953,39955,39957,39959,39961],{"id":39801,"depth":94,"text":39954},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39813,"depth":94,"text":39956},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39828,"depth":94,"text":39958},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39837,"depth":94,"text":39960},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39854,"depth":94,"text":39962},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37449,"description":39964},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39971,"title":39972,"body":39973,"description":42125,"extension":1837,"meta":42126,"navigation":159,"path":42127,"seo":42128,"stem":42129,"__hash__":42130},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39974,"toc":42079},[39975,39978,39983,39989,39991,40043,40045,40064,40069,40073,40078,40081,40096,40099,40121,40123,40172,40174,40198,40200,40202,40217,40222,40230,40245,40247,40256,40259,40294,40298,40303,40307,40314,40349,40351,40367,40371,40374,40415,40417,40431,40435,40438,40462,40464,40473,40477,40480,40513,40515,40528,40532,40538,40557,40559,40567,40571,40576,40580,40586,40609,40611,40640,40643,40662,40666,40669,40696,40698,40732,40736,40739,40763,40767,40778,40780,40785,40791,40793,40877,40879,40921,40924,40928,40935,40944,41000,41007,41016,41021,41025,41096,41098,41107,41111,41114,41158,41160,41169,41173,41179,41229,41233,41238,41242,41266,41268,41277,41281,41305,41307,41318,41322,41346,41348,41357,41360,41377,41383,41387,41393,41396,41401,41404,41425,41427,41458,41461,41466,41468,41479,41481,41525,41529,41536,41588,41590,41599,41603,41606,41699,41702,41726,41730,41733,41825,41830,41834,41841,41846,41870,41872,41881,41886,41909,41911,41919,41926,41949,41957,41959,41972,41982,41984,41988,41995,41999,42008,42012,42019,42023,42027,42031,42044,42046,42076],[10,39976,39972],{"id":39977},"python-float-function-explained",[14,39979,9001,39980,39982],{},[44,39981,2759],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,39984,39985,39986,39988],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[44,39987,2759],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[32,39990,35],{"id":34},[37,39992,39994],{"className":39,"code":39993,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[44,39995,39996,40010,40029],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,39997,39998,40000,40002,40004,40006,40008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39999,167],{"class":166},[47,40001,170],{"class":61},[47,40003,2067],{"class":118},[47,40005,170],{"class":61},[47,40007,104],{"class":65},[47,40009,506],{"class":61},[47,40011,40012,40014,40016,40018,40020,40022,40025,40027],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40013,167],{"class":166},[47,40015,170],{"class":61},[47,40017,2067],{"class":118},[47,40019,170],{"class":61},[47,40021,126],{"class":125},[47,40023,40024],{"class":129},"3.14",[47,40026,126],{"class":125},[47,40028,506],{"class":61},[47,40030,40031,40033,40035,40037,40039,40041],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,40032,167],{"class":166},[47,40034,170],{"class":61},[47,40036,2067],{"class":118},[47,40038,170],{"class":61},[47,40040,3477],{"class":412},[47,40042,506],{"class":61},[14,40044,215],{},[37,40046,40048],{"className":39,"code":40047,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[44,40049,40050,40054,40059],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40051,40052],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40053,2355],{"class":65},[47,40055,40056],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40057,40058],{"class":65},"3.14\n",[47,40060,40061],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,40062,40063],{"class":65},"1.0\n",[14,40065,1967,40066,40068],{},[44,40067,2759],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[32,40070,40072],{"id":40071},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40074,40075,40077],{},[44,40076,2759],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40079,40080],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[291,40082,40083,40087,40091],{},[294,40084,40085],{},[44,40086,2367],{},[294,40088,40089],{},[44,40090,40024],{},[294,40092,40093],{},[44,40094,40095],{},"0.5",[14,40097,40098],{},"A few key points:",[291,40100,40101,40108,40111,40114],{},[294,40102,40103,40105,40106],{},[44,40104,2759],{}," returns a value of type ",[44,40107,2067],{},[294,40109,40110],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[294,40112,40113],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[294,40115,40116,40117],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[21,40118,40119],{"href":8095},[44,40120,2833],{},[14,40122,2083],{},[37,40124,40126],{"className":39,"code":40125,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[44,40127,40128,40148,40158],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40129,40130,40132,40134,40137,40139,40141,40144,40146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40131,2093],{"class":53},[47,40133,58],{"class":57},[47,40135,40136],{"class":118}," float",[47,40138,170],{"class":61},[47,40140,126],{"class":125},[47,40142,40143],{"class":129},"2.75",[47,40145,126],{"class":125},[47,40147,80],{"class":61},[47,40149,40150,40152,40154,40156],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40151,167],{"class":166},[47,40153,170],{"class":61},[47,40155,2116],{"class":173},[47,40157,80],{"class":61},[47,40159,40160,40162,40164,40166,40168,40170],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,40161,167],{"class":166},[47,40163,170],{"class":61},[47,40165,499],{"class":118},[47,40167,170],{"class":61},[47,40169,2116],{"class":173},[47,40171,506],{"class":61},[14,40173,215],{},[37,40175,40177],{"className":39,"code":40176,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[44,40178,40179,40184],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40180,40181],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40182,40183],{"class":65},"2.75\n",[47,40185,40186,40188,40190,40192,40194,40196],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40187,522],{"class":57},[47,40189,526],{"class":525},[47,40191,265],{"class":125},[47,40193,2067],{"class":129},[47,40195,256],{"class":125},[47,40197,536],{"class":57},[32,40199,2032],{"id":2031},[14,40201,7092],{},[37,40203,40205],{"className":39,"code":40204,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"float(value)\n",[44,40206,40207],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40208,40209,40211,40213,40215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40210,2067],{"class":118},[47,40212,170],{"class":61},[47,40214,605],{"class":173},[47,40216,80],{"class":61},[14,40218,40219,40220,30],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[44,40221,2759],{},[14,40223,40224,40225,40227,40228,2760],{},"If you call ",[44,40226,2759],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[44,40229,3642],{},[37,40231,40233],{"className":39,"code":40232,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float())\n",[44,40234,40235],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40236,40237,40239,40241,40243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40238,167],{"class":166},[47,40240,170],{"class":61},[47,40242,2067],{"class":118},[47,40244,7068],{"class":61},[14,40246,215],{},[37,40248,40250],{"className":39,"code":40249,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0.0\n",[44,40251,40252],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40253,40254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40255,40249],{"class":65},[14,40257,40258],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[37,40260,40262],{"className":39,"code":40261,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[44,40263,40264,40284],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40265,40266,40269,40271,40273,40275,40277,40280,40282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40267,40268],{"class":53},"price ",[47,40270,58],{"class":57},[47,40272,40136],{"class":118},[47,40274,170],{"class":61},[47,40276,126],{"class":125},[47,40278,40279],{"class":129},"19.99",[47,40281,126],{"class":125},[47,40283,80],{"class":61},[47,40285,40286,40288,40290,40292],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40287,167],{"class":166},[47,40289,170],{"class":61},[47,40291,25026],{"class":173},[47,40293,80],{"class":61},[32,40295,40297],{"id":40296},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40299,40300,40302],{},[44,40301,2759],{}," can convert several common value types.",[773,40304,40306],{"id":40305},"integers","Integers",[14,40308,40309,40310,40313],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[44,40311,40312],{},".0"," added:",[37,40315,40317],{"className":39,"code":40316,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[44,40318,40319,40333],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40320,40321,40323,40325,40327,40329,40331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40322,167],{"class":166},[47,40324,170],{"class":61},[47,40326,2067],{"class":118},[47,40328,170],{"class":61},[47,40330,104],{"class":65},[47,40332,506],{"class":61},[47,40334,40335,40337,40339,40341,40343,40345,40347],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40336,167],{"class":166},[47,40338,170],{"class":61},[47,40340,2067],{"class":118},[47,40342,170],{"class":61},[47,40344,1896],{"class":57},[47,40346,1931],{"class":65},[47,40348,506],{"class":61},[14,40350,215],{},[37,40352,40354],{"className":39,"code":40353,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[44,40355,40356,40360],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40357,40358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40359,2355],{"class":65},[47,40361,40362,40364],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40363,1896],{"class":57},[47,40365,40366],{"class":65},"2.0\n",[773,40368,40370],{"id":40369},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40372,40373],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[37,40375,40377],{"className":39,"code":40376,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[44,40378,40379,40397],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40380,40381,40383,40385,40387,40389,40391,40393,40395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40382,167],{"class":166},[47,40384,170],{"class":61},[47,40386,2067],{"class":118},[47,40388,170],{"class":61},[47,40390,126],{"class":125},[47,40392,40024],{"class":129},[47,40394,126],{"class":125},[47,40396,506],{"class":61},[47,40398,40399,40401,40403,40405,40407,40409,40411,40413],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40400,167],{"class":166},[47,40402,170],{"class":61},[47,40404,2067],{"class":118},[47,40406,170],{"class":61},[47,40408,126],{"class":125},[47,40410,960],{"class":129},[47,40412,126],{"class":125},[47,40414,506],{"class":61},[14,40416,215],{},[37,40418,40420],{"className":39,"code":40419,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3.14\n10.0\n",[44,40421,40422,40426],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40423,40424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40425,40058],{"class":65},[47,40427,40428],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40429,40430],{"class":65},"10.0\n",[773,40432,40434],{"id":40433},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40436,40437],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[37,40439,40441],{"className":39,"code":40440,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[44,40442,40443],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40444,40445,40447,40449,40451,40453,40455,40458,40460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40446,167],{"class":166},[47,40448,170],{"class":61},[47,40450,2067],{"class":118},[47,40452,170],{"class":61},[47,40454,126],{"class":125},[47,40456,40457],{"class":129},"  8.5  ",[47,40459,126],{"class":125},[47,40461,506],{"class":61},[14,40463,215],{},[37,40465,40467],{"className":39,"code":40466,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"8.5\n",[44,40468,40469],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40470,40471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40472,40466],{"class":65},[773,40474,40476],{"id":40475},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40478,40479],{},"Boolean values also work:",[37,40481,40483],{"className":39,"code":40482,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[44,40484,40485,40499],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40486,40487,40489,40491,40493,40495,40497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40488,167],{"class":166},[47,40490,170],{"class":61},[47,40492,2067],{"class":118},[47,40494,170],{"class":61},[47,40496,3477],{"class":412},[47,40498,506],{"class":61},[47,40500,40501,40503,40505,40507,40509,40511],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40502,167],{"class":166},[47,40504,170],{"class":61},[47,40506,2067],{"class":118},[47,40508,170],{"class":61},[47,40510,3546],{"class":412},[47,40512,506],{"class":61},[14,40514,215],{},[37,40516,40518],{"className":39,"code":40517,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1.0\n0.0\n",[44,40519,40520,40524],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40521,40522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40523,40063],{"class":65},[47,40525,40526],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40527,40249],{"class":65},[773,40529,40531],{"id":40530},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40533,40534,40535,40537],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[44,40536,2759],{}," returns a float version of it:",[37,40539,40541],{"className":39,"code":40540,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(4.2))\n",[44,40542,40543],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40544,40545,40547,40549,40551,40553,40555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40546,167],{"class":166},[47,40548,170],{"class":61},[47,40550,2067],{"class":118},[47,40552,170],{"class":61},[47,40554,2239],{"class":65},[47,40556,506],{"class":61},[14,40558,215],{},[37,40560,40561],{"className":39,"code":2263,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,40562,40563],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40564,40565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40566,2263],{"class":65},[32,40568,40570],{"id":40569},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40572,40573,40574,30],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[44,40575,2759],{},[773,40577,40579],{"id":40578},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40581,40582,40583,2760],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[44,40584,40585],{},"ValueError",[37,40587,40589],{"className":39,"code":40588,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[44,40590,40591],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40592,40593,40595,40597,40599,40601,40603,40605,40607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40594,167],{"class":166},[47,40596,170],{"class":61},[47,40598,2067],{"class":118},[47,40600,170],{"class":61},[47,40602,126],{"class":125},[47,40604,3718],{"class":129},[47,40606,126],{"class":125},[47,40608,506],{"class":61},[14,40610,29558],{},[37,40612,40614],{"className":39,"code":40613,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[44,40615,40616],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40617,40618,40620,40622,40625,40627,40630,40632,40634,40636,40638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40619,40585],{"class":118},[47,40621,2760],{"class":61},[47,40623,40624],{"class":53}," could ",[47,40626,577],{"class":57},[47,40628,40629],{"class":53}," convert string to ",[47,40631,2067],{"class":118},[47,40633,2760],{"class":61},[47,40635,265],{"class":125},[47,40637,3718],{"class":129},[47,40639,29577],{"class":125},[14,40641,40642],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[37,40644,40646],{"className":39,"code":40645,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[44,40647,40648],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40649,40650,40652,40654,40656,40658,40660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40651,167],{"class":166},[47,40653,170],{"class":61},[47,40655,2067],{"class":118},[47,40657,170],{"class":61},[47,40659,6146],{"class":125},[47,40661,506],{"class":61},[773,40663,40665],{"id":40664},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40667,40668],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[37,40670,40672],{"className":39,"code":40671,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[44,40673,40674],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40675,40676,40678,40680,40682,40684,40686,40688,40690,40692,40694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40677,167],{"class":166},[47,40679,170],{"class":61},[47,40681,2067],{"class":118},[47,40683,122],{"class":61},[47,40685,66],{"class":65},[47,40687,69],{"class":61},[47,40689,72],{"class":65},[47,40691,69],{"class":61},[47,40693,77],{"class":65},[47,40695,2873],{"class":61},[14,40697,29558],{},[37,40699,40701],{"className":39,"code":40700,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[44,40702,40703],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40704,40705,40707,40709,40711,40713,40716,40719,40722,40724,40726,40728,40730],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40706,2879],{"class":118},[47,40708,2760],{"class":61},[47,40710,40136],{"class":118},[47,40712,550],{"class":61},[47,40714,40715],{"class":53}," argument must be a string ",[47,40717,40718],{"class":57},"or",[47,40720,40721],{"class":53}," a real number",[47,40723,69],{"class":61},[47,40725,7975],{"class":57},[47,40727,265],{"class":125},[47,40729,7969],{"class":129},[47,40731,29577],{"class":125},[773,40733,40735],{"id":40734},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,40737,40738],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[37,40740,40742],{"className":39,"code":40741,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[44,40743,40744],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40745,40746,40748,40750,40752,40754,40756,40759,40761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40747,167],{"class":166},[47,40749,170],{"class":61},[47,40751,2067],{"class":118},[47,40753,170],{"class":61},[47,40755,126],{"class":125},[47,40757,40758],{"class":129},"3,14",[47,40760,126],{"class":125},[47,40762,506],{"class":61},[14,40764,2876,40765,30],{},[44,40766,40585],{},[14,40768,40769,40770,4267,40774,30],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[21,40771,40773],{"href":40772},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[21,40775,40777],{"href":40776},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[32,40779,17296],{"id":17295},[14,40781,40782,40784],{},[44,40783,2759],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,40786,40787,40788,40790],{},"It does ",[575,40789,577],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,40792,2083],{},[37,40794,40796],{"className":39,"code":40795,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[44,40797,40798,40811,40825,40829,40839,40849,40863],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40799,40800,40802,40804,40806,40809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40801,34568],{"class":53},[47,40803,58],{"class":57},[47,40805,136],{"class":125},[47,40807,40808],{"class":129},"6.5",[47,40810,3230],{"class":125},[47,40812,40813,40815,40817,40819,40821,40823],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40814,2093],{"class":53},[47,40816,58],{"class":57},[47,40818,40136],{"class":118},[47,40820,170],{"class":61},[47,40822,34589],{"class":173},[47,40824,80],{"class":61},[47,40826,40827],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,40828,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,40830,40831,40833,40835,40837],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,40832,167],{"class":166},[47,40834,170],{"class":61},[47,40836,34589],{"class":173},[47,40838,80],{"class":61},[47,40840,40841,40843,40845,40847],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,40842,167],{"class":166},[47,40844,170],{"class":61},[47,40846,2116],{"class":173},[47,40848,80],{"class":61},[47,40850,40851,40853,40855,40857,40859,40861],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,40852,167],{"class":166},[47,40854,170],{"class":61},[47,40856,499],{"class":118},[47,40858,170],{"class":61},[47,40860,34589],{"class":173},[47,40862,506],{"class":61},[47,40864,40865,40867,40869,40871,40873,40875],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,40866,167],{"class":166},[47,40868,170],{"class":61},[47,40870,499],{"class":118},[47,40872,170],{"class":61},[47,40874,2116],{"class":173},[47,40876,506],{"class":61},[14,40878,215],{},[37,40880,40882],{"className":39,"code":40881,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[44,40883,40884,40889,40893,40907],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40885,40886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40887,40888],{"class":65},"6.5\n",[47,40890,40891],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40892,40888],{"class":65},[47,40894,40895,40897,40899,40901,40903,40905],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,40896,522],{"class":57},[47,40898,526],{"class":525},[47,40900,265],{"class":125},[47,40902,3315],{"class":129},[47,40904,256],{"class":125},[47,40906,536],{"class":57},[47,40908,40909,40911,40913,40915,40917,40919],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,40910,522],{"class":57},[47,40912,526],{"class":525},[47,40914,265],{"class":125},[47,40916,2067],{"class":129},[47,40918,256],{"class":125},[47,40920,536],{"class":57},[14,40922,40923],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[32,40925,40927],{"id":40926},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[773,40929,40931,40932,40934],{"id":40930},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[44,40933,2833],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,40936,1854,40937,40941,40942,30],{},[21,40938,40939,2180],{"href":8095},[44,40940,2833],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[44,40943,2759],{},[37,40945,40947],{"className":39,"code":40946,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[44,40948,40949,40968,40982,40986],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,40950,40951,40953,40955,40957,40959,40961,40964,40966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40952,8113],{"class":53},[47,40954,58],{"class":57},[47,40956,8118],{"class":166},[47,40958,170],{"class":61},[47,40960,126],{"class":125},[47,40962,40963],{"class":129},"Enter a price: ",[47,40965,126],{"class":125},[47,40967,80],{"class":61},[47,40969,40970,40972,40974,40976,40978,40980],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40971,40268],{"class":53},[47,40973,58],{"class":57},[47,40975,40136],{"class":118},[47,40977,170],{"class":61},[47,40979,8142],{"class":173},[47,40981,80],{"class":61},[47,40983,40984],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,40985,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,40987,40988,40990,40992,40994,40996,40998],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,40989,167],{"class":166},[47,40991,170],{"class":61},[47,40993,40268],{"class":173},[47,40995,39753],{"class":57},[47,40997,72],{"class":65},[47,40999,80],{"class":61},[14,41001,41002,41003,41006],{},"If the user enters ",[44,41004,41005],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[37,41008,41010],{"className":39,"code":41009,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"9.0\n",[44,41011,41012],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41013,41014],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41015,41009],{"class":65},[14,41017,41018,41019,30],{},"For more help with this, see ",[21,41020,8859],{"href":8858},[773,41022,41024],{"id":41023},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[37,41026,41028],{"className":39,"code":41027,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[44,41029,41030,41043,41056,41060,41085],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41031,41032,41034,41036,41038,41041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41033,2430],{"class":53},[47,41035,58],{"class":57},[47,41037,136],{"class":125},[47,41039,41040],{"class":129},"2.5",[47,41042,3230],{"class":125},[47,41044,41045,41047,41049,41051,41054],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41046,2458],{"class":53},[47,41048,58],{"class":57},[47,41050,136],{"class":125},[47,41052,41053],{"class":129},"1.5",[47,41055,3230],{"class":125},[47,41057,41058],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,41059,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,41061,41062,41065,41067,41069,41071,41073,41075,41077,41079,41081,41083],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,41063,41064],{"class":53},"total ",[47,41066,58],{"class":57},[47,41068,40136],{"class":118},[47,41070,170],{"class":61},[47,41072,21],{"class":173},[47,41074,3533],{"class":61},[47,41076,2330],{"class":57},[47,41078,40136],{"class":118},[47,41080,170],{"class":61},[47,41082,139],{"class":173},[47,41084,80],{"class":61},[47,41086,41087,41089,41091,41094],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,41088,167],{"class":166},[47,41090,170],{"class":61},[47,41092,41093],{"class":173},"total",[47,41095,80],{"class":61},[14,41097,215],{},[37,41099,41101],{"className":39,"code":41100,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"4.0\n",[44,41102,41103],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41104,41105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41106,41100],{"class":65},[773,41108,41110],{"id":41109},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41112,41113],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[37,41115,41117],{"className":39,"code":41116,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,41118,41119,41129,41144,41148],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41120,41121,41124,41126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41122,41123],{"class":53},"count ",[47,41125,58],{"class":57},[47,41127,41128],{"class":65}," 7\n",[47,41130,41131,41133,41135,41137,41139,41142],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41132,2106],{"class":53},[47,41134,58],{"class":57},[47,41136,40136],{"class":118},[47,41138,170],{"class":61},[47,41140,41141],{"class":173},"count",[47,41143,80],{"class":61},[47,41145,41146],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,41147,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,41149,41150,41152,41154,41156],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,41151,167],{"class":166},[47,41153,170],{"class":61},[47,41155,2141],{"class":173},[47,41157,80],{"class":61},[14,41159,215],{},[37,41161,41163],{"className":39,"code":41162,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"7.0\n",[44,41164,41165],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41166,41167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41168,41162],{"class":65},[773,41170,41172],{"id":41171},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41174,41175,41176,41178],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[44,41177,2759],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[37,41180,41182],{"className":39,"code":41181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[44,41183,41184,41198,41214,41218],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41185,41186,41189,41191,41193,41196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41187,41188],{"class":53},"temperature_text ",[47,41190,58],{"class":57},[47,41192,136],{"class":125},[47,41194,41195],{"class":129},"21.8",[47,41197,3230],{"class":125},[47,41199,41200,41203,41205,41207,41209,41212],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41201,41202],{"class":53},"temperature ",[47,41204,58],{"class":57},[47,41206,40136],{"class":118},[47,41208,170],{"class":61},[47,41210,41211],{"class":173},"temperature_text",[47,41213,80],{"class":61},[47,41215,41216],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,41217,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,41219,41220,41222,41224,41227],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,41221,167],{"class":166},[47,41223,170],{"class":61},[47,41225,41226],{"class":173},"temperature",[47,41228,80],{"class":61},[32,41230,41232],{"id":41231},"special-values","Special values",[14,41234,41235,41237],{},[44,41236,2759],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[773,41239,41241],{"id":41240},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[37,41243,41245],{"className":39,"code":41244,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[44,41246,41247],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41248,41249,41251,41253,41255,41257,41259,41262,41264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41250,167],{"class":166},[47,41252,170],{"class":61},[47,41254,2067],{"class":118},[47,41256,170],{"class":61},[47,41258,126],{"class":125},[47,41260,41261],{"class":129},"inf",[47,41263,126],{"class":125},[47,41265,506],{"class":61},[14,41267,215],{},[37,41269,41271],{"className":39,"code":41270,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"inf\n",[44,41272,41273],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41274,41275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41276,41270],{"class":53},[773,41278,41280],{"id":41279},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[37,41282,41284],{"className":39,"code":41283,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[44,41285,41286],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41287,41288,41290,41292,41294,41296,41298,41301,41303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41289,167],{"class":166},[47,41291,170],{"class":61},[47,41293,2067],{"class":118},[47,41295,170],{"class":61},[47,41297,126],{"class":125},[47,41299,41300],{"class":129},"-inf",[47,41302,126],{"class":125},[47,41304,506],{"class":61},[14,41306,215],{},[37,41308,41310],{"className":39,"code":41309,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"-inf\n",[44,41311,41312],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41313,41314,41316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41315,1896],{"class":57},[47,41317,41270],{"class":53},[773,41319,41321],{"id":41320},"not-a-number","Not a number",[37,41323,41325],{"className":39,"code":41324,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[44,41326,41327],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41328,41329,41331,41333,41335,41337,41339,41342,41344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41330,167],{"class":166},[47,41332,170],{"class":61},[47,41334,2067],{"class":118},[47,41336,170],{"class":61},[47,41338,126],{"class":125},[47,41340,41341],{"class":129},"nan",[47,41343,126],{"class":125},[47,41345,506],{"class":61},[14,41347,215],{},[37,41349,41351],{"className":39,"code":41350,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"nan\n",[44,41352,41353],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41354,41355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41356,41350],{"class":53},[14,41358,41359],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[291,41361,41362,41367,41372],{},[294,41363,41364,41366],{},[44,41365,41261],{}," means positive infinity",[294,41368,41369,41371],{},[44,41370,41300],{}," means negative infinity",[294,41373,41374,41376],{},[44,41375,41341],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41378,41379,41380,41382],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[44,41381,2759],{}," accepts them.",[32,41384,41386],{"id":41385},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41388,41389,41390,41392],{},"The most common problems with ",[44,41391,2759],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[773,41394,40585],{"id":41395},"valueerror",[14,41397,15066,41398,41400],{},[44,41399,40585],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41402,41403],{},"Common causes:",[291,41405,41406,41412,41415,41418],{},[294,41407,41408,41409],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[44,41410,41411],{},"\"abc\"",[294,41413,41414],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[294,41416,41417],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[294,41419,4579,41420],{},[21,41421,41422,41424],{"href":8095},[44,41423,2833],{}," returns a string",[14,41426,2083],{},[37,41428,41430],{"className":39,"code":41429,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[44,41431,41432,41444],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41433,41434,41436,41438,41440,41442],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41435,588],{"class":53},[47,41437,58],{"class":57},[47,41439,136],{"class":125},[47,41441,1129],{"class":129},[47,41443,3230],{"class":125},[47,41445,41446,41448,41450,41452,41454,41456],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41447,167],{"class":166},[47,41449,170],{"class":61},[47,41451,2067],{"class":118},[47,41453,170],{"class":61},[47,41455,605],{"class":173},[47,41457,506],{"class":61},[773,41459,2879],{"id":41460},"typeerror",[14,41462,15066,41463,41465],{},[44,41464,2879],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41467,41403],{},[291,41469,41470,41473,41476],{},[294,41471,41472],{},"Passing a list",[294,41474,41475],{},"Passing a dictionary",[294,41477,41478],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41480,2083],{},[37,41482,41484],{"className":39,"code":41483,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[44,41485,41486,41511],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41487,41488,41490,41492,41494,41496,41498,41500,41502,41504,41507,41509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41489,588],{"class":53},[47,41491,58],{"class":57},[47,41493,10366],{"class":61},[47,41495,126],{"class":125},[47,41497,25026],{"class":129},[47,41499,126],{"class":125},[47,41501,2760],{"class":61},[47,41503,136],{"class":125},[47,41505,41506],{"class":129},"9.99",[47,41508,126],{"class":125},[47,41510,9184],{"class":61},[47,41512,41513,41515,41517,41519,41521,41523],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41514,167],{"class":166},[47,41516,170],{"class":61},[47,41518,2067],{"class":118},[47,41520,170],{"class":61},[47,41522,605],{"class":173},[47,41524,506],{"class":61},[773,41526,41528],{"id":41527},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41530,41531,41532,41535],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[44,41533,41534],{},"strip()"," can help:",[37,41537,41539],{"className":39,"code":41538,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[44,41540,41541,41554,41569,41573],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41542,41543,41545,41547,41549,41552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41544,588],{"class":53},[47,41546,58],{"class":57},[47,41548,136],{"class":125},[47,41550,41551],{"class":129},"  7.25  ",[47,41553,3230],{"class":125},[47,41555,41556,41559,41561,41563,41565,41567],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41557,41558],{"class":53},"clean_value ",[47,41560,58],{"class":57},[47,41562,8310],{"class":53},[47,41564,30],{"class":61},[47,41566,8512],{"class":173},[47,41568,241],{"class":61},[47,41570,41571],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,41572,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,41574,41575,41577,41579,41581,41583,41586],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,41576,167],{"class":166},[47,41578,170],{"class":61},[47,41580,2067],{"class":118},[47,41582,170],{"class":61},[47,41584,41585],{"class":173},"clean_value",[47,41587,506],{"class":61},[14,41589,215],{},[37,41591,41593],{"className":39,"code":41592,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"7.25\n",[44,41594,41595],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41596,41597],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41598,41592],{"class":65},[773,41600,41602],{"id":41601},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41604,41605],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[37,41607,41609],{"className":39,"code":41608,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[44,41610,41611,41624,41628,41638,41652,41667,41671,41685],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41612,41613,41615,41617,41619,41622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41614,588],{"class":53},[47,41616,58],{"class":57},[47,41618,136],{"class":125},[47,41620,41621],{"class":129}," 3.5 ",[47,41623,3230],{"class":125},[47,41625,41626],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41627,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,41629,41630,41632,41634,41636],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,41631,167],{"class":166},[47,41633,170],{"class":61},[47,41635,605],{"class":173},[47,41637,80],{"class":61},[47,41639,41640,41642,41644,41646,41648,41650],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,41641,167],{"class":166},[47,41643,170],{"class":61},[47,41645,499],{"class":118},[47,41647,170],{"class":61},[47,41649,605],{"class":173},[47,41651,506],{"class":61},[47,41653,41654,41656,41658,41661,41663,41665],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,41655,167],{"class":166},[47,41657,170],{"class":61},[47,41659,41660],{"class":166},"repr",[47,41662,170],{"class":61},[47,41664,605],{"class":173},[47,41666,506],{"class":61},[47,41668,41669],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,41670,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,41672,41673,41675,41677,41679,41681,41683],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,41674,41558],{"class":53},[47,41676,58],{"class":57},[47,41678,8310],{"class":53},[47,41680,30],{"class":61},[47,41682,8512],{"class":173},[47,41684,241],{"class":61},[47,41686,41687,41689,41691,41693,41695,41697],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,41688,167],{"class":166},[47,41690,170],{"class":61},[47,41692,2067],{"class":118},[47,41694,170],{"class":61},[47,41696,41585],{"class":173},[47,41698,506],{"class":61},[14,41700,41701],{},"Why this helps:",[291,41703,41704,41710,41715,41721],{},[294,41705,41706,41709],{},[44,41707,41708],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[294,41711,41712,21243],{},[44,41713,41714],{},"print(type(value))",[294,41716,41717,41720],{},[44,41718,41719],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[294,41722,41723,41725],{},[44,41724,41534],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[773,41727,41729],{"id":41728},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,41731,41732],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[37,41734,41736],{"className":39,"code":41735,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[44,41737,41738,41757,41761,41767,41782,41801,41810],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41739,41740,41742,41744,41746,41748,41750,41753,41755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41741,588],{"class":53},[47,41743,58],{"class":57},[47,41745,8118],{"class":166},[47,41747,170],{"class":61},[47,41749,126],{"class":125},[47,41751,41752],{"class":129},"Enter a number: ",[47,41754,126],{"class":125},[47,41756,80],{"class":61},[47,41758,41759],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41760,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,41762,41763,41765],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,41764,29681],{"class":3749},[47,41766,6268],{"class":61},[47,41768,41769,41772,41774,41776,41778,41780],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,41770,41771],{"class":53},"    number ",[47,41773,58],{"class":57},[47,41775,40136],{"class":118},[47,41777,170],{"class":61},[47,41779,605],{"class":173},[47,41781,80],{"class":61},[47,41783,41784,41786,41788,41790,41793,41795,41797,41799],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,41785,7944],{"class":166},[47,41787,170],{"class":61},[47,41789,126],{"class":125},[47,41791,41792],{"class":129},"Converted:",[47,41794,126],{"class":125},[47,41796,69],{"class":61},[47,41798,2072],{"class":173},[47,41800,80],{"class":61},[47,41802,41803,41805,41808],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,41804,29712],{"class":3749},[47,41806,41807],{"class":118}," ValueError",[47,41809,6268],{"class":61},[47,41811,41812,41814,41816,41818,41821,41823],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,41813,7944],{"class":166},[47,41815,170],{"class":61},[47,41817,126],{"class":125},[47,41819,41820],{"class":129},"That is not a valid number.",[47,41822,126],{"class":125},[47,41824,80],{"class":61},[14,41826,41827,41828,30],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[21,41829,40777],{"href":40776},[32,41831,41833],{"id":41832},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,41835,10466,41836,4267,41838,41840],{},[44,41837,2759],{},[44,41839,2753],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,41842,41843,41845],{},[44,41844,2759],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[37,41847,41849],{"className":39,"code":41848,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[44,41850,41851],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41852,41853,41855,41857,41859,41861,41863,41866,41868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41854,167],{"class":166},[47,41856,170],{"class":61},[47,41858,2067],{"class":118},[47,41860,170],{"class":61},[47,41862,126],{"class":125},[47,41864,41865],{"class":129},"3.9",[47,41867,126],{"class":125},[47,41869,506],{"class":61},[14,41871,215],{},[37,41873,41875],{"className":39,"code":41874,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3.9\n",[44,41876,41877],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41878,41879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41880,41874],{"class":65},[14,41882,41883,41885],{},[44,41884,2753],{}," creates whole numbers:",[37,41887,41889],{"className":39,"code":41888,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[44,41890,41891],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41892,41893,41895,41897,41899,41901,41903,41905,41907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41894,167],{"class":166},[47,41896,170],{"class":61},[47,41898,644],{"class":118},[47,41900,170],{"class":61},[47,41902,126],{"class":125},[47,41904,960],{"class":129},[47,41906,126],{"class":125},[47,41908,506],{"class":61},[14,41910,215],{},[37,41912,41913],{"className":39,"code":2253,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,41914,41915],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41916,41917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41918,2253],{"class":65},[14,41920,41921,41922,41925],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[44,41923,41924],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[37,41927,41929],{"className":39,"code":41928,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[44,41930,41931],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,41932,41933,41935,41937,41939,41941,41943,41945,41947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41934,167],{"class":166},[47,41936,170],{"class":61},[47,41938,644],{"class":118},[47,41940,170],{"class":61},[47,41942,126],{"class":125},[47,41944,41865],{"class":129},[47,41946,126],{"class":125},[47,41948,506],{"class":61},[14,41950,2876,41951,8479,41953,41956],{},[44,41952,40585],{},[44,41954,41955],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,41958,10589],{},[291,41960,41961,41967],{},[294,41962,41963,41966],{},[44,41964,41965],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[294,41968,41969,41971],{},[44,41970,41924],{}," fails",[14,41973,41974,41975,41978,41979,41981],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[21,41976,41977],{"href":2750},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[21,41980,2297],{"href":2296}," helpful.",[32,41983,1708],{"id":1707},[773,41985,41987],{"id":41986},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,41989,41990,41991,25,41993,30],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[44,41992,2367],{},[44,41994,40024],{},[773,41996,41998],{"id":41997},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42000,42001,42002,25,42005,30],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[44,42003,42004],{},"\"2.5\"",[44,42006,42007],{},"\"10\"",[773,42009,42011],{"id":42010},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42013,28938,42014,42016,42017,30],{},[44,42015,41411],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[44,42018,40585],{},[773,42020,42022],{"id":42021},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42024,1750,42025,30],{},[44,42026,3642],{},[773,42028,42030],{"id":42029},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42032,42033,42034,42036,42037,4267,42040,42036,42042,30],{},"Yes. ",[44,42035,3477],{}," becomes ",[44,42038,42039],{},"1.0",[44,42041,3546],{},[44,42043,3642],{},[32,42045,1758],{"id":1757},[291,42047,42048,42052,42058,42063,42067,42071],{},[294,42049,42050],{},[21,42051,41977],{"href":2750},[294,42053,42054],{},[21,42055,42057],{"href":42056},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[294,42059,42060],{},[21,42061,42062],{"href":40772},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[294,42064,42065],{},[21,42066,8936],{"href":8858},[294,42068,42069],{},[21,42070,40777],{"href":40776},[294,42072,42073],{},[21,42074,42075],{"href":8095},"Python input() Function Explained",[1796,42077,42078],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":42080},[42081,42082,42083,42084,42091,42096,42097,42104,42109,42116,42117,42124],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":40071,"depth":83,"text":40072},{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":40296,"depth":83,"text":40297,"children":42085},[42086,42087,42088,42089,42090],{"id":40305,"depth":94,"text":40306},{"id":40369,"depth":94,"text":40370},{"id":40433,"depth":94,"text":40434},{"id":40475,"depth":94,"text":40476},{"id":40530,"depth":94,"text":40531},{"id":40569,"depth":83,"text":40570,"children":42092},[42093,42094,42095],{"id":40578,"depth":94,"text":40579},{"id":40664,"depth":94,"text":40665},{"id":40734,"depth":94,"text":40735},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":40926,"depth":83,"text":40927,"children":42098},[42099,42101,42102,42103],{"id":40930,"depth":94,"text":42100},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41023,"depth":94,"text":41024},{"id":41109,"depth":94,"text":41110},{"id":41171,"depth":94,"text":41172},{"id":41231,"depth":83,"text":41232,"children":42105},[42106,42107,42108],{"id":41240,"depth":94,"text":41241},{"id":41279,"depth":94,"text":41280},{"id":41320,"depth":94,"text":41321},{"id":41385,"depth":83,"text":41386,"children":42110},[42111,42112,42113,42114,42115],{"id":41395,"depth":94,"text":40585},{"id":41460,"depth":94,"text":2879},{"id":41527,"depth":94,"text":41528},{"id":41601,"depth":94,"text":41602},{"id":41728,"depth":94,"text":41729},{"id":41832,"depth":83,"text":41833},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":42118},[42119,42120,42121,42122,42123],{"id":41986,"depth":94,"text":41987},{"id":41997,"depth":94,"text":41998},{"id":42010,"depth":94,"text":42011},{"id":42021,"depth":94,"text":42022},{"id":42029,"depth":94,"text":42030},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39972,"description":42125},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42132,"title":42133,"body":42134,"description":43355,"extension":1837,"meta":43356,"navigation":159,"path":34905,"seo":43357,"stem":43358,"__hash__":43359},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42135,"toc":43321},[42136,42139,42144,42147,42149,42188,42202,42206,42211,42214,42231,42234,42244,42259,42262,42264,42267,42283,42286,42289,42309,42313,42324,42327,42331,42335,42349,42384,42388,42399,42434,42437,42439,42447,42480,42496,42498,42508,42529,42540,42542,42547,42550,42564,42566,42585,42588,42601,42604,42608,42612,42626,42629,42647,42650,42665,42669,42674,42688,42694,42696,42753,42755,42788,42791,42807,42811,42818,42822,42827,42830,42841,42845,42850,42865,42874,42879,42898,42901,42913,42915,42920,42930,42933,42962,42967,42976,42980,42985,42988,42992,42997,42999,43029,43032,43039,43044,43049,43053,43056,43064,43067,43145,43148,43170,43172,43176,43179,43183,43189,43252,43256,43264,43268,43271,43273,43298,43318],[10,42137,42133],{"id":42138},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42140,3455,42141,42143],{},[44,42142,34908],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42145,42146],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[32,42148,35],{"id":34},[37,42150,42152],{"className":39,"code":42151,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[44,42153,42154,42164,42174],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42155,42156,42158,42160,42162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42157,32031],{"class":166},[47,42159,170],{"class":61},[47,42161,1698],{"class":166},[47,42163,80],{"class":61},[47,42165,42166,42168,42170,42172],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42167,32031],{"class":166},[47,42169,170],{"class":61},[47,42171,3315],{"class":118},[47,42173,80],{"class":61},[47,42175,42176,42178,42180,42182,42184,42186],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,42177,32031],{"class":166},[47,42179,170],{"class":61},[47,42181,256],{"class":125},[47,42183,34539],{"class":129},[47,42185,256],{"class":125},[47,42187,80],{"class":61},[14,42189,1967,42190,42192,42193,25,42195,42197,42198,42201],{},[44,42191,34908],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[44,42194,1698],{},[44,42196,3315],{},", or use a string such as ",[44,42199,42200],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[32,42203,42205],{"id":42204},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42207,42208,42210],{},[44,42209,34908],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42212,42213],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[291,42215,42216,42219,42222,42225,42228],{},[294,42217,42218],{},"Functions",[294,42220,42221],{},"Classes",[294,42223,42224],{},"Methods",[294,42226,42227],{},"Modules",[294,42229,42230],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42232,42233],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42235,42236,42237,42243],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[21,42238,42240],{"href":42239},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[44,42241,42242],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[37,42245,42247],{"className":39,"code":42246,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(len)\n",[44,42248,42249],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42250,42251,42253,42255,42257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42252,32031],{"class":166},[47,42254,170],{"class":61},[47,42256,1698],{"class":166},[47,42258,80],{"class":61},[14,42260,42261],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[32,42263,2032],{"id":2031},[14,42265,42266],{},"The main form is:",[37,42268,42270],{"className":39,"code":42269,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(object)\n",[44,42271,42272],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42273,42274,42276,42278,42281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42275,32031],{"class":166},[47,42277,170],{"class":61},[47,42279,42280],{"class":118},"object",[47,42282,80],{"class":61},[14,42284,42285],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42287,42288],{},"Common examples include:",[291,42290,42291,42295,42300,42304],{},[294,42292,42293],{},[44,42294,1698],{},[294,42296,42297],{},[44,42298,42299],{},"list.append",[294,42301,42302],{},[44,42303,3315],{},[294,42305,42306],{},[44,42307,42308],{},"open",[14,42310,7049,42311,7052],{},[44,42312,34908],{},[37,42314,42316],{"className":39,"code":42315,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help()\n",[44,42317,42318],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42319,42320,42322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42321,32031],{"class":166},[47,42323,241],{"class":61},[14,42325,42326],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[32,42328,42330],{"id":42329},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[773,42332,42334],{"id":42333},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42336,42337,42338,2064,42340,2064,42342,16949,42345,30],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[44,42339,1698],{},[44,42341,167],{},[44,42343,42344],{},"input",[21,42346,42347],{"href":2176},[44,42348,2179],{},[37,42350,42352],{"className":39,"code":42351,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[44,42353,42354,42364,42374],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42355,42356,42358,42360,42362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42357,32031],{"class":166},[47,42359,170],{"class":61},[47,42361,167],{"class":166},[47,42363,80],{"class":61},[47,42365,42366,42368,42370,42372],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42367,32031],{"class":166},[47,42369,170],{"class":61},[47,42371,42344],{"class":166},[47,42373,80],{"class":61},[47,42375,42376,42378,42380,42382],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,42377,32031],{"class":166},[47,42379,170],{"class":61},[47,42381,499],{"class":118},[47,42383,80],{"class":61},[773,42385,42387],{"id":42386},"data-types","Data types",[14,42389,42390,42391,2064,42393,2064,42395,16949,42397,30],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[44,42392,3315],{},[44,42394,7969],{},[44,42396,8699],{},[44,42398,6161],{},[37,42400,42402],{"className":39,"code":42401,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[44,42403,42404,42414,42424],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42405,42406,42408,42410,42412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42407,32031],{"class":166},[47,42409,170],{"class":61},[47,42411,3315],{"class":118},[47,42413,80],{"class":61},[47,42415,42416,42418,42420,42422],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42417,32031],{"class":166},[47,42419,170],{"class":61},[47,42421,7969],{"class":118},[47,42423,80],{"class":61},[47,42425,42426,42428,42430,42432],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,42427,32031],{"class":166},[47,42429,170],{"class":61},[47,42431,8699],{"class":118},[47,42433,80],{"class":61},[14,42435,42436],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[773,42438,42224],{"id":34386},[14,42440,42441,42442,4267,42445,30],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[44,42443,42444],{},"str.split",[44,42446,42299],{},[37,42448,42450],{"className":39,"code":42449,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[44,42451,42452,42466],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42453,42454,42456,42458,42460,42462,42464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42455,32031],{"class":166},[47,42457,170],{"class":61},[47,42459,3315],{"class":118},[47,42461,30],{"class":61},[47,42463,34349],{"class":24626},[47,42465,80],{"class":61},[47,42467,42468,42470,42472,42474,42476,42478],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42469,32031],{"class":166},[47,42471,170],{"class":61},[47,42473,7969],{"class":118},[47,42475,30],{"class":61},[47,42477,13431],{"class":24626},[47,42479,80],{"class":61},[14,42481,42482,42483,8582,42485,28191,42490,42492,42493,42495],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[44,42484,34908],{},[21,42486,42488],{"href":42487},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[44,42489,34191],{},[44,42491,34191],{}," shows available names, while ",[44,42494,34908],{}," explains one of them.",[773,42497,42227],{"id":34539},[14,42499,42500,42501,2064,42503,16949,42505,30],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[44,42502,18293],{},[44,42504,35071],{},[44,42506,42507],{},"os",[37,42509,42511],{"className":39,"code":42510,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[44,42512,42513,42519],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42514,42515,42517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42516,34972],{"class":3749},[47,42518,34975],{"class":53},[47,42520,42521,42523,42525,42527],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42522,32031],{"class":166},[47,42524,170],{"class":61},[47,42526,18293],{"class":173},[47,42528,80],{"class":61},[14,42530,42531,42532,42536,42537,30],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[21,42533,42535],{"href":42534},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[21,42538,35038],{"href":42539},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[32,42541,34799],{"id":34798},[14,42543,42544,42546],{},[44,42545,34908],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42548,42549],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[291,42551,42552,42555,42558,42561],{},[294,42553,42554],{},"The function signature",[294,42556,42557],{},"The short description",[294,42559,42560],{},"Parameter names",[294,42562,42563],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42565,5346],{},[37,42567,42569],{"className":39,"code":42568,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(str.split)\n",[44,42570,42571],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42572,42573,42575,42577,42579,42581,42583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42574,32031],{"class":166},[47,42576,170],{"class":61},[47,42578,3315],{"class":118},[47,42580,30],{"class":61},[47,42582,34349],{"class":24626},[47,42584,80],{"class":61},[14,42586,42587],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[291,42589,42590,42593,42596,42598],{},[294,42591,42592],{},"What object this is",[294,42594,42595],{},"What arguments it accepts",[294,42597,21846],{},[294,42599,42600],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42602,42603],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[32,42605,42607],{"id":42606},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42609,42610,29751],{},[44,42611,34908],{},[291,42613,42614,42617,42620,42623],{},[294,42615,42616],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[294,42618,42619],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[294,42621,42622],{},"You are exploring a new module",[294,42624,42625],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42627,42628],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[37,42630,42631],{"className":39,"code":42568,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,42632,42633],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42634,42635,42637,42639,42641,42643,42645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42636,32031],{"class":166},[47,42638,170],{"class":61},[47,42640,3315],{"class":118},[47,42642,30],{"class":61},[47,42644,34349],{"class":24626},[47,42646,80],{"class":61},[14,42648,42649],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[37,42651,42653],{"className":39,"code":42652,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(open)\n",[44,42654,42655],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42656,42657,42659,42661,42663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42658,32031],{"class":166},[47,42660,170],{"class":61},[47,42662,42308],{"class":166},[47,42664,80],{"class":61},[32,42666,42668],{"id":42667},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42670,42671,42673],{},[44,42672,34908],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[291,42675,42676,42679,42682,42685],{},[294,42677,42678],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[294,42680,42681],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[294,42683,42684],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[294,42686,42687],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42689,42690,42691,42693],{},"So, ",[44,42692,34908],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42695,5346],{},[37,42697,42699],{"className":39,"code":42698,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[44,42700,42701,42714,42738,42742],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42702,42703,42705,42707,42709,42712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42704,34568],{"class":53},[47,42706,58],{"class":57},[47,42708,136],{"class":125},[47,42710,42711],{"class":129},"a,b,c",[47,42713,3230],{"class":125},[47,42715,42716,42719,42721,42724,42726,42728,42730,42732,42734,42736],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42717,42718],{"class":53},"parts ",[47,42720,58],{"class":57},[47,42722,42723],{"class":53}," text",[47,42725,30],{"class":61},[47,42727,34349],{"class":173},[47,42729,170],{"class":61},[47,42731,126],{"class":125},[47,42733,69],{"class":129},[47,42735,126],{"class":125},[47,42737,80],{"class":61},[47,42739,42740],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,42741,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,42743,42744,42746,42748,42751],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,42745,167],{"class":166},[47,42747,170],{"class":61},[47,42749,42750],{"class":173},"parts",[47,42752,80],{"class":61},[14,42754,5433],{},[37,42756,42758],{"className":39,"code":42757,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[44,42759,42760],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42761,42762,42764,42766,42768,42770,42772,42774,42776,42778,42780,42782,42784,42786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42763,3773],{"class":61},[47,42765,256],{"class":125},[47,42767,21],{"class":129},[47,42769,256],{"class":125},[47,42771,69],{"class":61},[47,42773,265],{"class":125},[47,42775,139],{"class":129},[47,42777,256],{"class":125},[47,42779,69],{"class":61},[47,42781,265],{"class":125},[47,42783,148],{"class":129},[47,42785,256],{"class":125},[47,42787,1402],{"class":61},[14,42789,42790],{},"A good workflow is:",[28590,42792,42793,42798,42801,42804],{},[294,42794,1967,42795,42797],{},[44,42796,34908],{}," to inspect something",[294,42799,42800],{},"Write a tiny example",[294,42802,42803],{},"Check the result",[294,42805,42806],{},"Repeat",[32,42808,42810],{"id":42809},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,42812,42813,4267,42815,42817],{},[44,42814,34908],{},[44,42816,34191],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[773,42819,42820],{"id":32031},[44,42821,34908],{},[14,42823,1967,42824,42826],{},[44,42825,34908],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,42828,42829],{},"It tells you:",[291,42831,42832,42835,42838],{},[294,42833,42834],{},"What something is",[294,42836,42837],{},"How to use it",[294,42839,42840],{},"What parameters it accepts",[773,42842,42843],{"id":34252},[44,42844,34191],{},[14,42846,1967,42847,42849],{},[44,42848,34191],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[37,42851,42853],{"className":39,"code":42852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dir(str)\n",[44,42854,42855],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42856,42857,42859,42861,42863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42858,34252],{"class":166},[47,42860,170],{"class":61},[47,42862,3315],{"class":118},[47,42864,80],{"class":61},[14,42866,42867,42868,2064,42870,16949,42872,30],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[44,42869,34349],{},[44,42871,8512],{},[44,42873,8518],{},[14,42875,42876,42877,2760],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[44,42878,34908],{},[37,42880,42882],{"className":39,"code":42881,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(str.lower)\n",[44,42883,42884],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42885,42886,42888,42890,42892,42894,42896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42887,32031],{"class":166},[47,42889,170],{"class":61},[47,42891,3315],{"class":118},[47,42893,30],{"class":61},[47,42895,8518],{"class":24626},[47,42897,80],{"class":61},[14,42899,42900],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[291,42902,42903,42908],{},[294,42904,1967,42905,42907],{},[44,42906,34191],{}," to discover options",[294,42909,1967,42910,42912],{},[44,42911,34908],{}," to understand one option",[32,42914,1284],{"id":1283},[14,42916,42917,42918,30],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[44,42919,34908],{},[773,42921,8294,42923,42926,42927],{"id":42922},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[44,42924,42925],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[44,42928,42929],{},"help(len)",[14,42931,42932],{},"These are not always the same.",[37,42934,42936],{"className":39,"code":42935,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[44,42937,42938,42948],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,42939,42940,42942,42944,42946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42941,32031],{"class":166},[47,42943,170],{"class":61},[47,42945,1698],{"class":166},[47,42947,80],{"class":61},[47,42949,42950,42952,42954,42956,42958,42960],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42951,32031],{"class":166},[47,42953,170],{"class":61},[47,42955,256],{"class":125},[47,42957,1698],{"class":129},[47,42959,256],{"class":125},[47,42961,80],{"class":61},[14,42963,42964,42966],{},[44,42965,42929],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,42968,42969,42971,42972,42975],{},[44,42970,42925],{}," treats ",[44,42973,42974],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[773,42977,42979],{"id":42978},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,42981,42982,42984],{},[44,42983,34908],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,42986,42987],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[773,42989,42991],{"id":42990},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,42993,40224,42994,42996],{},[44,42995,34908],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,42998,2083],{},[37,43000,43002],{"className":39,"code":43001,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[44,43003,43004,43014],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,43005,43006,43008,43010,43012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43007,32031],{"class":166},[47,43009,170],{"class":61},[47,43011,1698],{"class":166},[47,43013,80],{"class":61},[47,43015,43016,43018,43020,43022,43025,43027],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43017,167],{"class":166},[47,43019,170],{"class":61},[47,43021,126],{"class":125},[47,43023,43024],{"class":129},"Done",[47,43026,126],{"class":125},[47,43028,80],{"class":61},[14,43030,43031],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[773,43033,1502,43035,8582,43037],{"id":43034},"confusing-help-with-dir",[44,43036,34908],{},[44,43038,34191],{},[14,43040,43041,43042,30],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[44,43043,34191],{},[14,43045,43046,43047,30],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[44,43048,34908],{},[32,43050,43052],{"id":43051},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43054,43055],{},"Open Python:",[37,43057,43058],{"className":39,"code":35424,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,43059,43060],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,43061,43062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43063,35424],{"class":53},[14,43065,43066],{},"Then test these commands:",[37,43068,43070],{"className":39,"code":43069,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[44,43071,43072,43082,43096,43110,43120,43135],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,43073,43074,43076,43078,43080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43075,32031],{"class":166},[47,43077,170],{"class":61},[47,43079,1698],{"class":166},[47,43081,80],{"class":61},[47,43083,43084,43086,43088,43090,43092,43094],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43085,32031],{"class":166},[47,43087,170],{"class":61},[47,43089,3315],{"class":118},[47,43091,30],{"class":61},[47,43093,34349],{"class":24626},[47,43095,80],{"class":61},[47,43097,43098,43100,43102,43104,43106,43108],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43099,32031],{"class":166},[47,43101,170],{"class":61},[47,43103,7969],{"class":118},[47,43105,30],{"class":61},[47,43107,13431],{"class":24626},[47,43109,80],{"class":61},[47,43111,43112,43114,43116,43118],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43113,32031],{"class":166},[47,43115,170],{"class":61},[47,43117,42308],{"class":166},[47,43119,80],{"class":61},[47,43121,43122,43124,43126,43128,43131,43133],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,43123,32031],{"class":166},[47,43125,170],{"class":61},[47,43127,256],{"class":125},[47,43129,43130],{"class":129},"keywords",[47,43132,256],{"class":125},[47,43134,80],{"class":61},[47,43136,43137,43139,43141,43143],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,43138,34252],{"class":166},[47,43140,170],{"class":61},[47,43142,3315],{"class":118},[47,43144,80],{"class":61},[14,43146,43147],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[291,43149,43150,43153,43156,43159,43162,43165],{},[294,43151,43152],{},"A built-in function",[294,43154,43155],{},"A string method",[294,43157,43158],{},"A list method",[294,43160,43161],{},"A built-in file function",[294,43163,43164],{},"A special help topic",[294,43166,15066,43167,43169],{},[44,43168,34191],{}," example for comparison",[32,43171,1708],{"id":1707},[773,43173,43175],{"id":43174},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43177,43178],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[773,43180,43182],{"id":43181},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43184,43185,43186,43188],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[44,43187,34908],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[37,43190,43192],{"className":39,"code":43191,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[44,43193,43194,43206,43219,43238,43242],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,43195,43196,43198,43200,43202,43204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43197,34732],{"class":525},[47,43199,34736],{"class":34735},[47,43201,170],{"class":61},[47,43203,7542],{"class":37544},[47,43205,8218],{"class":61},[47,43207,43208,43212,43216],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43209,43211],{"class":43210},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[47,43213,43215],{"class":43214},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[47,43217,43218],{"class":43210},"\"\"\"\n",[47,43220,43221,43223,43226,43229,43231,43233,43235],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43222,34743],{"class":3749},[47,43224,43225],{"class":525}," f",[47,43227,43228],{"class":129},"\"Hello, ",[47,43230,9153],{"class":65},[47,43232,7542],{"class":53},[47,43234,22179],{"class":65},[47,43236,43237],{"class":129},"!\"\n",[47,43239,43240],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43241,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,43243,43244,43246,43248,43250],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,43245,32031],{"class":166},[47,43247,170],{"class":61},[47,43249,34778],{"class":173},[47,43251,80],{"class":61},[773,43253,43255],{"id":43254},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43257,43258,43260,43261,43263],{},[44,43259,42929],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[44,43262,42925],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[773,43265,43267],{"id":43266},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43269,43270],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[32,43272,1758],{"id":1757},[291,43274,43275,43280,43284,43289,43294],{},[294,43276,43277],{},[21,43278,43279],{"href":42487},"Python dir() function explained",[294,43281,43282],{},[21,43283,8319],{"href":2176},[294,43285,43286],{},[21,43287,43288],{"href":42239},"Python len() function explained",[294,43290,43291],{},[21,43292,43293],{"href":42534},"How import works in Python",[294,43295,43296],{},[21,43297,35038],{"href":42539},[14,43299,43300,43301,43303,43304,2064,43306,16949,43308,43310,43311,25,43314,43317],{},"Try ",[44,43302,34908],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[44,43305,1698],{},[44,43307,167],{},[44,43309,42344],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[44,43312,43313],{},"dir(str)",[44,43315,43316],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1796,43319,43320],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":43322},[43323,43324,43325,43326,43332,43333,43334,43335,43339,43347,43348,43354],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":42204,"depth":83,"text":42205},{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":42329,"depth":83,"text":42330,"children":43327},[43328,43329,43330,43331],{"id":42333,"depth":94,"text":42334},{"id":42386,"depth":94,"text":42387},{"id":34386,"depth":94,"text":42224},{"id":34539,"depth":94,"text":42227},{"id":34798,"depth":83,"text":34799},{"id":42606,"depth":83,"text":42607},{"id":42667,"depth":83,"text":42668},{"id":42809,"depth":83,"text":42810,"children":43336},[43337,43338],{"id":32031,"depth":94,"text":34908},{"id":34252,"depth":94,"text":34191},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":43340},[43341,43343,43344,43345],{"id":42922,"depth":94,"text":43342},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42978,"depth":94,"text":42979},{"id":42990,"depth":94,"text":42991},{"id":43034,"depth":94,"text":43346},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43051,"depth":83,"text":43052},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":43349},[43350,43351,43352,43353],{"id":43174,"depth":94,"text":43175},{"id":43181,"depth":94,"text":43182},{"id":43254,"depth":94,"text":43255},{"id":43266,"depth":94,"text":43267},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42133,"description":43355},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43361,"title":43362,"body":43363,"description":44725,"extension":1837,"meta":44726,"navigation":159,"path":44727,"seo":44728,"stem":44729,"__hash__":44730},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43364,"toc":44698},[43365,43371,43376,43382,43392,43451,43461,43472,43477,43483,43485,43503,43511,43513,43515,43530,43533,43544,43546,43637,43640,43644,43649,43670,43672,43783,43785,43812,43823,43827,43830,43913,43915,43923,43929,43935,43939,43942,44052,44054,44067,44070,44084,44092,44099,44104,44118,44124,44237,44239,44300,44303,44309,44315,44318,44340,44343,44413,44416,44448,44455,44457,44460,44478,44481,44493,44499,44501,44506,44532,44535,44607,44609,44615,44618,44624,44627,44633,44643,44649,44652,44659,44662,44664,44695],[10,43366,3448,43368,3452],{"id":43367},"python-id-function-explained",[44,43369,43370],{},"id()",[14,43372,32196,43373,43375],{},[44,43374,43370],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43377,43378,43379,43381],{},"Beginners usually see ",[44,43380,43370],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43383,1967,43384,43386,43387,43389,43390,30],{},[44,43385,43370],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[575,43388,577],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[44,43391,4563],{},[37,43393,43395],{"className":39,"code":43394,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[44,43396,43397,43409,43423,43427,43437],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,43398,43399,43401,43403,43405,43407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43400,7751],{"class":53},[47,43402,58],{"class":57},[47,43404,136],{"class":125},[47,43406,7171],{"class":129},[47,43408,3230],{"class":125},[47,43410,43411,43413,43415,43417,43419,43421],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43412,167],{"class":166},[47,43414,170],{"class":61},[47,43416,12529],{"class":166},[47,43418,170],{"class":61},[47,43420,7542],{"class":173},[47,43422,506],{"class":61},[47,43424,43425],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43426,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,43428,43429,43432,43434],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43430,43431],{"class":53},"other ",[47,43433,58],{"class":57},[47,43435,43436],{"class":53}," name\n",[47,43438,43439,43441,43443,43445,43447,43449],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,43440,167],{"class":166},[47,43442,170],{"class":61},[47,43444,12529],{"class":166},[47,43446,170],{"class":61},[47,43448,30621],{"class":173},[47,43450,506],{"class":61},[14,43452,43453,43454,43457,43458,43460],{},"In this example, ",[44,43455,43456],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[44,43459,43370],{}," values match.",[43462,43463,43464],"blockquote",{},[14,43465,1967,43466,43468,43469,43471],{},[44,43467,43370],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[44,43470,4563],{}," for value comparison.",[32,43473,3550,43475,3553],{"id":43474},"what-id-does",[44,43476,43370],{},[14,43478,43479,43482],{},[44,43480,43481],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43484,12932],{},[291,43486,43487,43490,43497,43500],{},[294,43488,43489],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[294,43491,43492,43493,43496],{},"It shows ",[575,43494,43495],{},"object identity",", not object value",[294,43498,43499],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[294,43501,43502],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43504,43505,43506,43510],{},"This is closely related to how ",[21,43507,43509],{"href":43508},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[32,43512,2032],{"id":2031},[14,43514,5308],{},[37,43516,43518],{"className":39,"code":43517,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"id(object)\n",[44,43519,43520],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,43521,43522,43524,43526,43528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43523,12529],{"class":166},[47,43525,170],{"class":61},[47,43527,42280],{"class":118},[47,43529,80],{"class":61},[14,43531,43532],{},"Important details:",[291,43534,43535,43538,43541],{},[294,43536,43537],{},"It takes one argument",[294,43539,43540],{},"It returns an integer",[294,43542,43543],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43545,2083],{},[37,43547,43549],{"className":39,"code":43548,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[44,43550,43551,43563,43571,43591,43595,43609,43623],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,43552,43553,43555,43557,43559,43561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43554,34568],{"class":53},[47,43556,58],{"class":57},[47,43558,136],{"class":125},[47,43560,3718],{"class":129},[47,43562,3230],{"class":125},[47,43564,43565,43567,43569],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43566,2093],{"class":53},[47,43568,58],{"class":57},[47,43570,2645],{"class":65},[47,43572,43573,43575,43577,43579,43581,43583,43585,43587,43589],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43574,7654],{"class":53},[47,43576,58],{"class":57},[47,43578,957],{"class":61},[47,43580,66],{"class":65},[47,43582,69],{"class":61},[47,43584,72],{"class":65},[47,43586,69],{"class":61},[47,43588,77],{"class":65},[47,43590,1402],{"class":61},[47,43592,43593],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43594,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,43596,43597,43599,43601,43603,43605,43607],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,43598,167],{"class":166},[47,43600,170],{"class":61},[47,43602,12529],{"class":166},[47,43604,170],{"class":61},[47,43606,34589],{"class":173},[47,43608,506],{"class":61},[47,43610,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619,43621],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,43612,167],{"class":166},[47,43614,170],{"class":61},[47,43616,12529],{"class":166},[47,43618,170],{"class":61},[47,43620,2116],{"class":173},[47,43622,506],{"class":61},[47,43624,43625,43627,43629,43631,43633,43635],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,43626,167],{"class":166},[47,43628,170],{"class":61},[47,43630,12529],{"class":166},[47,43632,170],{"class":61},[47,43634,7684],{"class":173},[47,43636,506],{"class":61},[14,43638,43639],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[32,43641,43643],{"id":43642},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43645,43646,43647,30],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[44,43648,43370],{},[291,43650,43651,43658,43665],{},[294,43652,43653,43655,43656],{},[44,43654,4563],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[575,43657,605],{},[294,43659,43660,43662,43663],{},[44,43661,12073],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[575,43664,42280],{},[294,43666,43667,43669],{},[44,43668,43370],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43671,2083],{},[37,43673,43675],{"className":39,"code":43674,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[44,43676,43677,43697,43717,43721,43738,43755,43769],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,43678,43679,43681,43683,43685,43687,43689,43691,43693,43695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43680,2430],{"class":53},[47,43682,58],{"class":57},[47,43684,957],{"class":61},[47,43686,66],{"class":65},[47,43688,69],{"class":61},[47,43690,72],{"class":65},[47,43692,69],{"class":61},[47,43694,77],{"class":65},[47,43696,1402],{"class":61},[47,43698,43699,43701,43703,43705,43707,43709,43711,43713,43715],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43700,2458],{"class":53},[47,43702,58],{"class":57},[47,43704,957],{"class":61},[47,43706,66],{"class":65},[47,43708,69],{"class":61},[47,43710,72],{"class":65},[47,43712,69],{"class":61},[47,43714,77],{"class":65},[47,43716,1402],{"class":61},[47,43718,43719],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43720,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,43722,43723,43725,43727,43729,43731,43733,43735],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43724,167],{"class":166},[47,43726,170],{"class":61},[47,43728,2430],{"class":173},[47,43730,4563],{"class":57},[47,43732,2435],{"class":173},[47,43734,3533],{"class":61},[47,43736,43737],{"class":1494},"   # True\n",[47,43739,43740,43742,43744,43746,43748,43750,43752],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,43741,167],{"class":166},[47,43743,170],{"class":61},[47,43745,2430],{"class":173},[47,43747,12073],{"class":3749},[47,43749,2435],{"class":173},[47,43751,3533],{"class":61},[47,43753,43754],{"class":1494},"   # False\n",[47,43756,43757,43759,43761,43763,43765,43767],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,43758,167],{"class":166},[47,43760,170],{"class":61},[47,43762,12529],{"class":166},[47,43764,170],{"class":61},[47,43766,21],{"class":173},[47,43768,506],{"class":61},[47,43770,43771,43773,43775,43777,43779,43781],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,43772,167],{"class":166},[47,43774,170],{"class":61},[47,43776,12529],{"class":166},[47,43778,170],{"class":61},[47,43780,139],{"class":173},[47,43782,506],{"class":61},[14,43784,2054],{},[291,43786,43787,43795,43803],{},[294,43788,43789,4658,43792,43794],{},[44,43790,43791],{},"a == b",[44,43793,3477],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[294,43796,43797,4658,43800,43802],{},[44,43798,43799],{},"a is b",[44,43801,3546],{}," because they are different list objects",[294,43804,43805,4267,43808,43811],{},[44,43806,43807],{},"id(a)",[44,43809,43810],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43813,43814,43815,4267,43819,30],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[21,43816,43818],{"href":43817},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[21,43820,43822],{"href":43821},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[32,43824,43826],{"id":43825},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,43828,43829],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[37,43831,43833],{"className":39,"code":43832,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[44,43834,43835,43855,43865,43869,43883,43898],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,43836,43837,43839,43841,43843,43845,43847,43849,43851,43853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43838,54],{"class":53},[47,43840,58],{"class":57},[47,43842,957],{"class":61},[47,43844,960],{"class":65},[47,43846,69],{"class":61},[47,43848,965],{"class":65},[47,43850,69],{"class":61},[47,43852,7669],{"class":65},[47,43854,1402],{"class":61},[47,43856,43857,43860,43862],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43858,43859],{"class":53},"other_numbers ",[47,43861,58],{"class":57},[47,43863,43864],{"class":53}," numbers\n",[47,43866,43867],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43868,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,43870,43871,43873,43875,43877,43879,43881],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43872,167],{"class":166},[47,43874,170],{"class":61},[47,43876,12529],{"class":166},[47,43878,170],{"class":61},[47,43880,174],{"class":173},[47,43882,506],{"class":61},[47,43884,43885,43887,43889,43891,43893,43896],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,43886,167],{"class":166},[47,43888,170],{"class":61},[47,43890,12529],{"class":166},[47,43892,170],{"class":61},[47,43894,43895],{"class":173},"other_numbers",[47,43897,506],{"class":61},[47,43899,43900,43902,43904,43906,43908,43911],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,43901,167],{"class":166},[47,43903,170],{"class":61},[47,43905,54],{"class":173},[47,43907,12073],{"class":3749},[47,43909,43910],{"class":173}," other_numbers",[47,43912,80],{"class":61},[14,43914,5433],{},[37,43916,43917],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,43918,43919],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,43920,43921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43922,3852],{"class":412},[14,43924,43925,43926,43928],{},"The two ",[44,43927,43370],{}," values will also match.",[14,43930,22065,43931,43934],{},[44,43932,43933],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[32,43936,43938],{"id":43937},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,43940,43941],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[37,43943,43945],{"className":39,"code":43944,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[44,43946,43947,43968,43989,43993,44008,44022,44037],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,43948,43949,43952,43954,43956,43958,43960,43962,43964,43966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43950,43951],{"class":53},"list_a ",[47,43953,58],{"class":57},[47,43955,957],{"class":61},[47,43957,66],{"class":65},[47,43959,69],{"class":61},[47,43961,72],{"class":65},[47,43963,69],{"class":61},[47,43965,77],{"class":65},[47,43967,1402],{"class":61},[47,43969,43970,43973,43975,43977,43979,43981,43983,43985,43987],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43971,43972],{"class":53},"list_b ",[47,43974,58],{"class":57},[47,43976,957],{"class":61},[47,43978,66],{"class":65},[47,43980,69],{"class":61},[47,43982,72],{"class":65},[47,43984,69],{"class":61},[47,43986,77],{"class":65},[47,43988,1402],{"class":61},[47,43990,43991],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43992,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,43994,43995,43997,43999,44001,44003,44006],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43996,167],{"class":166},[47,43998,170],{"class":61},[47,44000,43951],{"class":173},[47,44002,4563],{"class":57},[47,44004,44005],{"class":173}," list_b",[47,44007,80],{"class":61},[47,44009,44010,44012,44014,44016,44018,44020],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,44011,167],{"class":166},[47,44013,170],{"class":61},[47,44015,43951],{"class":173},[47,44017,12073],{"class":3749},[47,44019,44005],{"class":173},[47,44021,80],{"class":61},[47,44023,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032,44035],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,44025,167],{"class":166},[47,44027,170],{"class":61},[47,44029,12529],{"class":166},[47,44031,170],{"class":61},[47,44033,44034],{"class":173},"list_a",[47,44036,506],{"class":61},[47,44038,44039,44041,44043,44045,44047,44050],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,44040,167],{"class":166},[47,44042,170],{"class":61},[47,44044,12529],{"class":166},[47,44046,170],{"class":61},[47,44048,44049],{"class":173},"list_b",[47,44051,506],{"class":61},[14,44053,5433],{},[37,44055,44057],{"className":39,"code":44056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nFalse\n",[44,44058,44059,44063],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,44060,44061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44062,3852],{"class":412},[47,44064,44065],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44066,3913],{"class":412},[14,44068,44069],{},"What this means:",[291,44071,44072,44075,44078],{},[294,44073,44074],{},"The lists are equal in value",[294,44076,44077],{},"They are not the same object",[294,44079,44080,44081,44083],{},"Their ",[44,44082,43370],{}," values are usually different",[14,44085,44086,44087,44089,44090,30],{},"This is why ",[44,44088,43370],{}," should not replace ",[44,44091,4563],{},[32,44093,44095,44096,44098],{"id":44094},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[44,44097,43370],{}," is useful",[14,44100,44101,44103],{},[44,44102,43370],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[291,44105,44106,44109,44112,44115],{},[294,44107,44108],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[294,44110,44111],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[294,44113,44114],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[294,44116,44117],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44119,44120,44121,44123],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[44,44122,43370],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[37,44125,44127],{"className":39,"code":44126,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[44,44128,44129,44153,44162,44166,44185,44189,44199,44209,44223],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,44130,44131,44133,44135,44137,44139,44141,44143,44145,44147,44149,44151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44132,11965],{"class":53},[47,44134,58],{"class":57},[47,44136,957],{"class":61},[47,44138,126],{"class":125},[47,44140,21],{"class":129},[47,44142,126],{"class":125},[47,44144,69],{"class":61},[47,44146,136],{"class":125},[47,44148,139],{"class":129},[47,44150,126],{"class":125},[47,44152,1402],{"class":61},[47,44154,44155,44158,44160],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44156,44157],{"class":53},"copy_ref ",[47,44159,58],{"class":57},[47,44161,12003],{"class":53},[47,44163,44164],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,44165,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,44167,44168,44171,44173,44175,44177,44179,44181,44183],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,44169,44170],{"class":53},"copy_ref",[47,44172,30],{"class":61},[47,44174,13431],{"class":173},[47,44176,170],{"class":61},[47,44178,126],{"class":125},[47,44180,148],{"class":129},[47,44182,126],{"class":125},[47,44184,80],{"class":61},[47,44186,44187],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,44188,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,44190,44191,44193,44195,44197],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,44192,167],{"class":166},[47,44194,170],{"class":61},[47,44196,12012],{"class":173},[47,44198,80],{"class":61},[47,44200,44201,44203,44205,44207],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,44202,167],{"class":166},[47,44204,170],{"class":61},[47,44206,44170],{"class":173},[47,44208,80],{"class":61},[47,44210,44211,44213,44215,44217,44219,44221],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,44212,167],{"class":166},[47,44214,170],{"class":61},[47,44216,12529],{"class":166},[47,44218,170],{"class":61},[47,44220,12012],{"class":173},[47,44222,506],{"class":61},[47,44224,44225,44227,44229,44231,44233,44235],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,44226,167],{"class":166},[47,44228,170],{"class":61},[47,44230,12529],{"class":166},[47,44232,170],{"class":61},[47,44234,44170],{"class":173},[47,44236,506],{"class":61},[14,44238,5433],{},[37,44240,44242],{"className":39,"code":44241,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[44,44243,44244,44272],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,44245,44246,44248,44250,44252,44254,44256,44258,44260,44262,44264,44266,44268,44270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44247,3773],{"class":61},[47,44249,256],{"class":125},[47,44251,21],{"class":129},[47,44253,256],{"class":125},[47,44255,69],{"class":61},[47,44257,265],{"class":125},[47,44259,139],{"class":129},[47,44261,256],{"class":125},[47,44263,69],{"class":61},[47,44265,265],{"class":125},[47,44267,148],{"class":129},[47,44269,256],{"class":125},[47,44271,1402],{"class":61},[47,44273,44274,44276,44278,44280,44282,44284,44286,44288,44290,44292,44294,44296,44298],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44275,3773],{"class":61},[47,44277,256],{"class":125},[47,44279,21],{"class":129},[47,44281,256],{"class":125},[47,44283,69],{"class":61},[47,44285,265],{"class":125},[47,44287,139],{"class":129},[47,44289,256],{"class":125},[47,44291,69],{"class":61},[47,44293,265],{"class":125},[47,44295,148],{"class":129},[47,44297,256],{"class":125},[47,44299,1402],{"class":61},[14,44301,44302],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[32,44304,44306,44307],{"id":44305},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[44,44308,43370],{},[14,44310,44311,44312,44314],{},"Do not use ",[44,44313,43370],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44316,44317],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[291,44319,44320,44326,44332,44335],{},[294,44321,44322,44323,44325],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[44,44324,4563],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[294,44327,44328,44329,44331],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[44,44330,43370],{}," values across program runs",[294,44333,44334],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[294,44336,44337,44338],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[44,44339,43370],{},[14,44341,44342],{},"Bad example:",[37,44344,44346],{"className":39,"code":44345,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[44,44347,44348,44360,44372,44376,44398],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,44349,44350,44352,44354,44356,44358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44351,2430],{"class":53},[47,44353,58],{"class":57},[47,44355,136],{"class":125},[47,44357,36929],{"class":129},[47,44359,3230],{"class":125},[47,44361,44362,44364,44366,44368,44370],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44363,2458],{"class":53},[47,44365,58],{"class":57},[47,44367,136],{"class":125},[47,44369,36929],{"class":129},[47,44371,3230],{"class":125},[47,44373,44374],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,44375,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,44377,44378,44380,44382,44384,44386,44388,44390,44392,44394,44396],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,44379,6871],{"class":3749},[47,44381,14695],{"class":166},[47,44383,170],{"class":61},[47,44385,21],{"class":173},[47,44387,3533],{"class":61},[47,44389,6283],{"class":57},[47,44391,14695],{"class":166},[47,44393,170],{"class":61},[47,44395,139],{"class":173},[47,44397,8218],{"class":61},[47,44399,44400,44402,44404,44406,44409,44411],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,44401,7944],{"class":166},[47,44403,170],{"class":61},[47,44405,126],{"class":125},[47,44407,44408],{"class":129},"The values are equal",[47,44410,126],{"class":125},[47,44412,80],{"class":61},[14,44414,44415],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[37,44417,44419],{"className":39,"code":44418,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[44,44420,44421,44434],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,44422,44423,44425,44428,44430,44432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44424,6871],{"class":3749},[47,44426,44427],{"class":53}," a ",[47,44429,4563],{"class":57},[47,44431,2435],{"class":53},[47,44433,6268],{"class":61},[47,44435,44436,44438,44440,44442,44444,44446],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44437,7944],{"class":166},[47,44439,170],{"class":61},[47,44441,126],{"class":125},[47,44443,44408],{"class":129},[47,44445,126],{"class":125},[47,44447,80],{"class":61},[14,44449,1967,44450,25,44452,44454],{},[44,44451,12073],{},[44,44453,43370],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[32,44456,1259],{"id":1258},[14,44458,44459],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[291,44461,44462,44465,44468,44473],{},[294,44463,44464],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[294,44466,44467],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[294,44469,44470,44471],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[44,44472,43370],{},[294,44474,44475,44476],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[44,44477,43370],{},[14,44479,44480],{},"The important rule is:",[291,44482,44483,44488],{},[294,44484,1967,44485,44487],{},[44,44486,4563],{}," to check value",[294,44489,1967,44490,44492],{},[44,44491,12073],{}," to check identity",[14,44494,44495,44496,44498],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[44,44497,43370],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[32,44500,1284],{"id":1283},[14,44502,44503,44504,2760],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[44,44505,43370],{},[291,44507,44508,44516,44519,44522,44527],{},[294,44509,8294,44510,44512,44513,44515],{},[44,44511,43370],{}," when ",[44,44514,4563],{}," should be used",[294,44517,44518],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[294,44520,44521],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[294,44523,44524,44525],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[44,44526,43370],{},[294,44528,8294,44529,44531],{},[44,44530,43370],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44533,44534],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[37,44536,44538],{"className":39,"code":44537,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[44,44539,44540,44555,44569,44583,44597],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,44541,44542,44544,44546,44548,44550,44553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44543,167],{"class":166},[47,44545,170],{"class":61},[47,44547,12529],{"class":166},[47,44549,170],{"class":61},[47,44551,44552],{"class":173},"my_object",[47,44554,506],{"class":61},[47,44556,44557,44559,44561,44563,44565,44567],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44558,167],{"class":166},[47,44560,170],{"class":61},[47,44562,2430],{"class":173},[47,44564,4563],{"class":57},[47,44566,2435],{"class":173},[47,44568,80],{"class":61},[47,44570,44571,44573,44575,44577,44579,44581],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,44572,167],{"class":166},[47,44574,170],{"class":61},[47,44576,2430],{"class":173},[47,44578,12073],{"class":3749},[47,44580,2435],{"class":173},[47,44582,80],{"class":61},[47,44584,44585,44587,44589,44591,44593,44595],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,44586,167],{"class":166},[47,44588,170],{"class":61},[47,44590,499],{"class":118},[47,44592,170],{"class":61},[47,44594,44552],{"class":173},[47,44596,506],{"class":61},[47,44598,44599,44601,44603,44605],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,44600,32031],{"class":166},[47,44602,170],{"class":61},[47,44604,12529],{"class":166},[47,44606,80],{"class":61},[32,44608,1708],{"id":1707},[773,44610,44612,44613,1747],{"id":44611},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[44,44614,43370],{},[14,44616,44617],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[773,44619,14782,44621,44623],{"id":44620},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[44,44622,43370],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44625,44626],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[773,44628,21296,44630,44632],{"id":44629},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[44,44631,43370],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44634,30148,44635,44637,44638,25,44640,44642],{},[44,44636,4563],{}," to compare values. Use ",[44,44639,43370],{},[44,44641,12073],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[773,44644,44646,44647,2368],{"id":44645},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[44,44648,43370],{},[14,44650,44651],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[773,44653,44655,44656,44658],{"id":44654},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[44,44657,43370],{}," values?",[14,44660,44661],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[32,44663,1758],{"id":1757},[291,44665,44666,44671,44676,44681,44689],{},[294,44667,44668],{},[21,44669,44670],{"href":43508},"Python variables explained for beginners",[294,44672,44673],{},[21,44674,44675],{"href":43817},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[294,44677,44678],{},[21,44679,44680],{"href":43821},"Python data types overview",[294,44682,44683],{},[21,44684,3448,44686,3381],{"href":44685},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[44,44687,44688],{},"isinstance()",[294,44690,44691],{},[21,44692,44694],{"href":44693},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1796,44696,44697],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":44699},[44700,44702,44703,44704,44705,44706,44708,44710,44711,44712,44724],{"id":43474,"depth":83,"text":44701},"What id() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":43642,"depth":83,"text":43643},{"id":43825,"depth":83,"text":43826},{"id":43937,"depth":83,"text":43938},{"id":44094,"depth":83,"text":44707},"When id() is useful",{"id":44305,"depth":83,"text":44709},"When not to use id()",{"id":1258,"depth":83,"text":1259},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":44713},[44714,44716,44718,44720,44722],{"id":44611,"depth":94,"text":44715},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44620,"depth":94,"text":44717},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44629,"depth":94,"text":44719},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44645,"depth":94,"text":44721},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44654,"depth":94,"text":44723},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43362,"description":44725},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44732,"title":42075,"body":44733,"description":46373,"extension":1837,"meta":46374,"navigation":159,"path":46375,"seo":46376,"stem":46377,"__hash__":46378},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44734,"toc":46339},[44735,44740,44745,44748,44750,44793,44798,44801,44806,44811,44814,44830,44832,44876,44878,44905,44907,44922,44924,44926,44928,44944,44946,44958,44961,44995,44998,45023,45028,45030,45035,45039,45042,45044,45092,45094,45127,45133,45144,45146,45198,45200,45231,45233,45237,45241,45284,45290,45296,45348,45356,45361,45365,45456,45458,45491,45494,45496,45556,45558,45584,45594,45596,45600,45605,45610,45612,45649,45651,45670,45673,45677,45680,45736,45748,45757,45759,45786,45794,45801,45805,45808,45845,45848,45854,45891,45893,45897,45903,45921,45926,45974,45978,46067,46070,46077,46079,46081,46086,46104,46106,46149,46155,46172,46174,46236,46238,46240,46246,46254,46260,46266,46275,46285,46289,46297,46299,46301,46336],[10,44736,3448,44738,3452],{"id":44737},"python-input-function-explained",[44,44739,2833],{},[14,44741,1854,44742,44744],{},[44,44743,2833],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44746,44747],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[32,44749,35],{"id":34},[37,44751,44753],{"className":39,"code":44752,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[44,44754,44755,44774],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,44756,44757,44759,44761,44763,44765,44767,44770,44772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44758,7751],{"class":53},[47,44760,58],{"class":57},[47,44762,8118],{"class":166},[47,44764,170],{"class":61},[47,44766,126],{"class":125},[47,44768,44769],{"class":129},"Enter your name: ",[47,44771,126],{"class":125},[47,44773,80],{"class":61},[47,44775,44776,44778,44780,44782,44785,44787,44789,44791],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44777,167],{"class":166},[47,44779,170],{"class":61},[47,44781,126],{"class":125},[47,44783,44784],{"class":129},"Hello, ",[47,44786,126],{"class":125},[47,44788,2330],{"class":57},[47,44790,35874],{"class":173},[47,44792,80],{"class":61},[14,44794,1967,44795,44797],{},[44,44796,2833],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44799,44800],"hr",{},[32,44802,3550,44804,3553],{"id":44803},"what-input-does",[44,44805,2833],{},[14,44807,44808,44810],{},[44,44809,2833],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44812,44813],{},"Here is what happens:",[291,44815,44816,44821,44824,44827],{},[294,44817,44818,44820],{},[44,44819,2833],{}," waits for the user to type",[294,44822,44823],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[294,44825,44826],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[294,44828,44829],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,44831,2083],{},[37,44833,44835],{"className":39,"code":44834,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[44,44836,44837,44857],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,44838,44839,44842,44844,44846,44848,44850,44853,44855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44840,44841],{"class":53},"color ",[47,44843,58],{"class":57},[47,44845,8118],{"class":166},[47,44847,170],{"class":61},[47,44849,126],{"class":125},[47,44851,44852],{"class":129},"What is your favorite color? ",[47,44854,126],{"class":125},[47,44856,80],{"class":61},[47,44858,44859,44861,44863,44865,44868,44870,44872,44874],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44860,167],{"class":166},[47,44862,170],{"class":61},[47,44864,126],{"class":125},[47,44866,44867],{"class":129},"Your favorite color is",[47,44869,126],{"class":125},[47,44871,69],{"class":61},[47,44873,35733],{"class":173},[47,44875,80],{"class":61},[14,44877,29907],{},[37,44879,44881],{"className":39,"code":44880,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[44,44882,44883,44896],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,44884,44885,44887,44889,44892,44894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44886,3550],{"class":53},[47,44888,12073],{"class":57},[47,44890,44891],{"class":53}," your favorite color",[47,44893,2368],{"class":37248},[47,44895,35763],{"class":53},[47,44897,44898,44901,44903],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44899,44900],{"class":53},"Your favorite color ",[47,44902,12073],{"class":57},[47,44904,35763],{"class":53},[14,44906,19834],{},[291,44908,44909,44914,44919],{},[294,44910,44911,44912],{},"The prompt is ",[44,44913,44852],{},[294,44915,44916,44917],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[44,44918,32770],{},[294,44920,44921],{},"That value is then printed",[44799,44923],{},[32,44925,2032],{"id":2031},[14,44927,7092],{},[37,44929,44931],{"className":39,"code":44930,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"input(prompt)\n",[44,44932,44933],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,44934,44935,44937,44939,44942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44936,42344],{"class":166},[47,44938,170],{"class":61},[47,44940,44941],{"class":173},"prompt",[47,44943,80],{"class":61},[14,44945,11336],{},[291,44947,44948,44952,44955],{},[294,44949,1854,44950,19916],{},[44,44951,44941],{},[294,44953,44954],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[294,44956,44957],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,44959,44960],{},"Example with a prompt:",[37,44962,44964],{"className":39,"code":44963,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[44,44965,44966,44985],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,44967,44968,44970,44972,44974,44976,44978,44981,44983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44969,7836],{"class":53},[47,44971,58],{"class":57},[47,44973,8118],{"class":166},[47,44975,170],{"class":61},[47,44977,126],{"class":125},[47,44979,44980],{"class":129},"Enter your username: ",[47,44982,126],{"class":125},[47,44984,80],{"class":61},[47,44986,44987,44989,44991,44993],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44988,167],{"class":166},[47,44990,170],{"class":61},[47,44992,7860],{"class":173},[47,44994,80],{"class":61},[14,44996,44997],{},"Example without a prompt:",[37,44999,45001],{"className":39,"code":45000,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[44,45002,45003,45013],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45004,45005,45007,45009,45011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45006,588],{"class":53},[47,45008,58],{"class":57},[47,45010,8118],{"class":166},[47,45012,241],{"class":61},[47,45014,45015,45017,45019,45021],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45016,167],{"class":166},[47,45018,170],{"class":61},[47,45020,605],{"class":173},[47,45022,80],{"class":61},[14,45024,7637,45025,45027],{},[44,45026,2833],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44799,45029],{},[32,45031,3550,45033,11584],{"id":45032},"what-input-returns",[44,45034,2833],{},[14,45036,45037,8101],{},[44,45038,2833],{},[14,45040,45041],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45043,2083],{},[37,45045,45047],{"className":39,"code":45046,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[44,45048,45049,45068,45078],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45050,45051,45053,45055,45057,45059,45061,45064,45066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45052,21504],{"class":53},[47,45054,58],{"class":57},[47,45056,8118],{"class":166},[47,45058,170],{"class":61},[47,45060,126],{"class":125},[47,45062,45063],{"class":129},"Enter your age: ",[47,45065,126],{"class":125},[47,45067,80],{"class":61},[47,45069,45070,45072,45074,45076],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45071,167],{"class":166},[47,45073,170],{"class":61},[47,45075,9174],{"class":173},[47,45077,80],{"class":61},[47,45079,45080,45082,45084,45086,45088,45090],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45081,167],{"class":166},[47,45083,170],{"class":61},[47,45085,499],{"class":118},[47,45087,170],{"class":61},[47,45089,9174],{"class":173},[47,45091,506],{"class":61},[14,45093,29907],{},[37,45095,45097],{"className":39,"code":45096,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[44,45098,45099,45109,45113],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45100,45101,45104,45106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45102,45103],{"class":53},"Enter your age",[47,45105,2760],{"class":61},[47,45107,45108],{"class":65}," 25\n",[47,45110,45111],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45112,2585],{"class":65},[47,45114,45115,45117,45119,45121,45123,45125],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45116,522],{"class":57},[47,45118,526],{"class":525},[47,45120,265],{"class":125},[47,45122,3315],{"class":129},[47,45124,256],{"class":125},[47,45126,536],{"class":57},[14,45128,45129,45130,45132],{},"Even though the user typed ",[44,45131,9071],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45134,45135,45136,25,45140,30],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[21,45137,45138],{"href":2750},[44,45139,2753],{},[21,45141,45142],{"href":2756},[44,45143,2759],{},[14,45145,2083],{},[37,45147,45149],{"className":39,"code":45148,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[44,45150,45151,45174,45184],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45152,45153,45155,45157,45160,45162,45164,45166,45168,45170,45172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45154,21504],{"class":53},[47,45156,58],{"class":57},[47,45158,45159],{"class":118}," int",[47,45161,170],{"class":61},[47,45163,42344],{"class":166},[47,45165,170],{"class":61},[47,45167,126],{"class":125},[47,45169,45063],{"class":129},[47,45171,126],{"class":125},[47,45173,506],{"class":61},[47,45175,45176,45178,45180,45182],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45177,167],{"class":166},[47,45179,170],{"class":61},[47,45181,9174],{"class":173},[47,45183,80],{"class":61},[47,45185,45186,45188,45190,45192,45194,45196],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45187,167],{"class":166},[47,45189,170],{"class":61},[47,45191,499],{"class":118},[47,45193,170],{"class":61},[47,45195,9174],{"class":173},[47,45197,506],{"class":61},[14,45199,29907],{},[37,45201,45203],{"className":39,"code":45202,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[44,45204,45205,45213,45217],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45206,45207,45209,45211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45208,45103],{"class":53},[47,45210,2760],{"class":61},[47,45212,45108],{"class":65},[47,45214,45215],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45216,2585],{"class":65},[47,45218,45219,45221,45223,45225,45227,45229],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45220,522],{"class":57},[47,45222,526],{"class":525},[47,45224,265],{"class":125},[47,45226,644],{"class":129},[47,45228,256],{"class":125},[47,45230,536],{"class":57},[44799,45232],{},[32,45234,45236],{"id":45235},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[773,45238,45240],{"id":45239},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[37,45242,45244],{"className":39,"code":45243,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[44,45245,45246,45265],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45247,45248,45250,45252,45254,45256,45258,45261,45263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45249,7751],{"class":53},[47,45251,58],{"class":57},[47,45253,8118],{"class":166},[47,45255,170],{"class":61},[47,45257,126],{"class":125},[47,45259,45260],{"class":129},"What is your name? ",[47,45262,126],{"class":125},[47,45264,80],{"class":61},[47,45266,45267,45269,45271,45273,45276,45278,45280,45282],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45268,167],{"class":166},[47,45270,170],{"class":61},[47,45272,126],{"class":125},[47,45274,45275],{"class":129},"Hello,",[47,45277,126],{"class":125},[47,45279,69],{"class":61},[47,45281,35874],{"class":173},[47,45283,80],{"class":61},[14,45285,45286,45287,45289],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[44,45288,7542],{}," and prints it.",[773,45291,45293,45294],{"id":45292},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[44,45295,2753],{},[37,45297,45299],{"className":39,"code":45298,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[44,45300,45301,45324],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45302,45303,45305,45307,45309,45311,45313,45315,45317,45320,45322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45304,21504],{"class":53},[47,45306,58],{"class":57},[47,45308,45159],{"class":118},[47,45310,170],{"class":61},[47,45312,42344],{"class":166},[47,45314,170],{"class":61},[47,45316,126],{"class":125},[47,45318,45319],{"class":129},"How old are you? ",[47,45321,126],{"class":125},[47,45323,506],{"class":61},[47,45325,45326,45328,45330,45332,45335,45337,45339,45342,45344,45346],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45327,167],{"class":166},[47,45329,170],{"class":61},[47,45331,126],{"class":125},[47,45333,45334],{"class":129},"Next year you will be",[47,45336,126],{"class":125},[47,45338,69],{"class":61},[47,45340,45341],{"class":173}," age ",[47,45343,1934],{"class":57},[47,45345,1242],{"class":65},[47,45347,80],{"class":61},[14,45349,5935,45350,45352,45353,45355],{},[44,45351,2753],{}," converts the text from ",[44,45354,2833],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45357,45358,45359,30],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[21,45360,8859],{"href":8858},[773,45362,45364],{"id":45363},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[37,45366,45368],{"className":39,"code":45367,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[44,45369,45370,45394,45418,45432,45436],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45371,45372,45375,45377,45379,45381,45383,45385,45387,45390,45392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45373,45374],{"class":53},"num1 ",[47,45376,58],{"class":57},[47,45378,45159],{"class":118},[47,45380,170],{"class":61},[47,45382,42344],{"class":166},[47,45384,170],{"class":61},[47,45386,126],{"class":125},[47,45388,45389],{"class":129},"Enter the first number: ",[47,45391,126],{"class":125},[47,45393,506],{"class":61},[47,45395,45396,45399,45401,45403,45405,45407,45409,45411,45414,45416],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45397,45398],{"class":53},"num2 ",[47,45400,58],{"class":57},[47,45402,45159],{"class":118},[47,45404,170],{"class":61},[47,45406,42344],{"class":166},[47,45408,170],{"class":61},[47,45410,126],{"class":125},[47,45412,45413],{"class":129},"Enter the second number: ",[47,45415,126],{"class":125},[47,45417,506],{"class":61},[47,45419,45420,45422,45424,45427,45429],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45421,41064],{"class":53},[47,45423,58],{"class":57},[47,45425,45426],{"class":53}," num1 ",[47,45428,1934],{"class":57},[47,45430,45431],{"class":53}," num2\n",[47,45433,45434],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,45435,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,45437,45438,45440,45442,45444,45447,45449,45451,45454],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,45439,167],{"class":166},[47,45441,170],{"class":61},[47,45443,126],{"class":125},[47,45445,45446],{"class":129},"Total:",[47,45448,126],{"class":125},[47,45450,69],{"class":61},[47,45452,45453],{"class":173}," total",[47,45455,80],{"class":61},[14,45457,29907],{},[37,45459,45461],{"className":39,"code":45460,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[44,45462,45463,45473,45482],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45464,45465,45468,45470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45466,45467],{"class":53},"Enter the first number",[47,45469,2760],{"class":61},[47,45471,45472],{"class":65}," 2\n",[47,45474,45475,45478,45480],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45476,45477],{"class":53},"Enter the second number",[47,45479,2760],{"class":61},[47,45481,2453],{"class":65},[47,45483,45484,45487,45489],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45485,45486],{"class":53},"Total",[47,45488,2760],{"class":61},[47,45490,34723],{"class":65},[14,45492,45493],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45495,2083],{},[37,45497,45499],{"className":39,"code":45498,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[44,45500,45501,45519,45537,45541],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45502,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511,45513,45515,45517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45504,45374],{"class":53},[47,45506,58],{"class":57},[47,45508,8118],{"class":166},[47,45510,170],{"class":61},[47,45512,126],{"class":125},[47,45514,45389],{"class":129},[47,45516,126],{"class":125},[47,45518,80],{"class":61},[47,45520,45521,45523,45525,45527,45529,45531,45533,45535],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45522,45398],{"class":53},[47,45524,58],{"class":57},[47,45526,8118],{"class":166},[47,45528,170],{"class":61},[47,45530,126],{"class":125},[47,45532,45413],{"class":129},[47,45534,126],{"class":125},[47,45536,80],{"class":61},[47,45538,45539],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45540,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,45542,45543,45545,45547,45549,45551,45554],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,45544,167],{"class":166},[47,45546,170],{"class":61},[47,45548,45374],{"class":173},[47,45550,1934],{"class":57},[47,45552,45553],{"class":173}," num2",[47,45555,80],{"class":61},[14,45557,29907],{},[37,45559,45561],{"className":39,"code":45560,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[44,45562,45563,45571,45579],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45564,45565,45567,45569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45566,45467],{"class":53},[47,45568,2760],{"class":61},[47,45570,45472],{"class":65},[47,45572,45573,45575,45577],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45574,45477],{"class":53},[47,45576,2760],{"class":61},[47,45578,2453],{"class":65},[47,45580,45581],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45582,45583],{"class":65},"23\n",[14,45585,45586,45587,45590,45591,30],{},"That happens because ",[44,45588,45589],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[44,45592,45593],{},"\"23\"",[44799,45595],{},[32,45597,45599],{"id":45598},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45601,45602,45603,30],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[44,45604,2833],{},[773,45606,4579,45608,41424],{"id":45607},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[44,45609,2833],{},[14,45611,39079],{},[37,45613,45615],{"className":39,"code":45614,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[44,45616,45617,45635],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45618,45619,45621,45623,45625,45627,45629,45631,45633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45620,588],{"class":53},[47,45622,58],{"class":57},[47,45624,8118],{"class":166},[47,45626,170],{"class":61},[47,45628,126],{"class":125},[47,45630,41752],{"class":129},[47,45632,126],{"class":125},[47,45634,80],{"class":61},[47,45636,45637,45639,45641,45643,45645,45647],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45638,167],{"class":166},[47,45640,170],{"class":61},[47,45642,499],{"class":118},[47,45644,170],{"class":61},[47,45646,605],{"class":173},[47,45648,506],{"class":61},[14,45650,215],{},[37,45652,45654],{"className":39,"code":45653,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[44,45655,45656],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45657,45658,45660,45662,45664,45666,45668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45659,522],{"class":57},[47,45661,526],{"class":525},[47,45663,265],{"class":125},[47,45665,3315],{"class":129},[47,45667,256],{"class":125},[47,45669,536],{"class":57},[14,45671,45672],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[773,45674,45676],{"id":45675},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45678,45679],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[37,45681,45683],{"className":39,"code":45682,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[44,45684,45685,45703,45722],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45686,45687,45689,45691,45693,45695,45697,45699,45701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45688,2430],{"class":53},[47,45690,58],{"class":57},[47,45692,8118],{"class":166},[47,45694,170],{"class":61},[47,45696,126],{"class":125},[47,45698,41752],{"class":129},[47,45700,126],{"class":125},[47,45702,80],{"class":61},[47,45704,45705,45707,45709,45711,45713,45715,45718,45720],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45706,2458],{"class":53},[47,45708,58],{"class":57},[47,45710,8118],{"class":166},[47,45712,170],{"class":61},[47,45714,126],{"class":125},[47,45716,45717],{"class":129},"Enter another number: ",[47,45719,126],{"class":125},[47,45721,80],{"class":61},[47,45723,45724,45726,45728,45730,45732,45734],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45725,167],{"class":166},[47,45727,170],{"class":61},[47,45729,2430],{"class":173},[47,45731,1934],{"class":57},[47,45733,2435],{"class":173},[47,45735,80],{"class":61},[14,45737,41002,45738,4267,45740,45742,45743,18840,45746,30],{},[44,45739,1210],{},[44,45741,104],{},", the result is ",[44,45744,45745],{},"45",[44,45747,2018],{},[773,45749,45751,45752,45754,45755],{"id":45750},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[44,45753,40585],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[44,45756,2753],{},[14,45758,2083],{},[37,45760,45762],{"className":39,"code":45761,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[44,45763,45764],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45765,45766,45768,45770,45772,45774,45776,45778,45780,45782,45784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45767,21504],{"class":53},[47,45769,58],{"class":57},[47,45771,45159],{"class":118},[47,45773,170],{"class":61},[47,45775,42344],{"class":166},[47,45777,170],{"class":61},[47,45779,126],{"class":125},[47,45781,45063],{"class":129},[47,45783,126],{"class":125},[47,45785,506],{"class":61},[14,45787,8147,45788,45791,45792,30],{},[44,45789,45790],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[44,45793,40585],{},[14,45795,45796,45797,30],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[21,45798,45800],{"href":45799},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[773,45802,45804],{"id":45803},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45806,45807],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[37,45809,45811],{"className":39,"code":45810,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[44,45812,45813,45831],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45814,45815,45817,45819,45821,45823,45825,45827,45829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45816,7751],{"class":53},[47,45818,58],{"class":57},[47,45820,8118],{"class":166},[47,45822,170],{"class":61},[47,45824,126],{"class":125},[47,45826,44769],{"class":129},[47,45828,126],{"class":125},[47,45830,80],{"class":61},[47,45832,45833,45835,45837,45839,45841,45843],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45834,167],{"class":166},[47,45836,170],{"class":61},[47,45838,41660],{"class":166},[47,45840,170],{"class":61},[47,45842,7542],{"class":173},[47,45844,506],{"class":61},[14,45846,45847],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,45849,45850,45851,2760],{},"You can remove them with ",[44,45852,45853],{},".strip()",[37,45855,45857],{"className":39,"code":45856,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[44,45858,45859,45881],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45860,45861,45863,45865,45867,45869,45871,45873,45875,45877,45879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45862,7751],{"class":53},[47,45864,58],{"class":57},[47,45866,8118],{"class":166},[47,45868,170],{"class":61},[47,45870,126],{"class":125},[47,45872,44769],{"class":129},[47,45874,126],{"class":125},[47,45876,8509],{"class":61},[47,45878,8512],{"class":173},[47,45880,241],{"class":61},[47,45882,45883,45885,45887,45889],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45884,167],{"class":166},[47,45886,170],{"class":61},[47,45888,7542],{"class":173},[47,45890,80],{"class":61},[44799,45892],{},[32,45894,45896],{"id":45895},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,45898,45899,45900,45902],{},"These habits make ",[44,45901,2833],{}," easier and safer to use.",[291,45904,45905,45908,45913,45916],{},[294,45906,45907],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[294,45909,1967,45910,45912],{},[44,45911,45853],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[294,45914,45915],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[294,45917,1967,45918,45920],{},[44,45919,29659],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,45922,45923,45924,2760],{},"Example with ",[44,45925,45853],{},[37,45927,45929],{"className":39,"code":45928,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[44,45930,45931,45955],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45932,45933,45936,45938,45940,45942,45944,45947,45949,45951,45953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45934,45935],{"class":53},"city ",[47,45937,58],{"class":57},[47,45939,8118],{"class":166},[47,45941,170],{"class":61},[47,45943,126],{"class":125},[47,45945,45946],{"class":129},"Enter your city: ",[47,45948,126],{"class":125},[47,45950,8509],{"class":61},[47,45952,8512],{"class":173},[47,45954,241],{"class":61},[47,45956,45957,45959,45961,45963,45966,45968,45970,45972],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45958,167],{"class":166},[47,45960,170],{"class":61},[47,45962,126],{"class":125},[47,45964,45965],{"class":129},"City:",[47,45967,126],{"class":125},[47,45969,69],{"class":61},[47,45971,31263],{"class":173},[47,45973,80],{"class":61},[14,45975,45923,45976,2760],{},[44,45977,29659],{},[37,45979,45981],{"className":39,"code":45980,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[44,45982,45983,45989,46012,46044,46052],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,45984,45985,45987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45986,29681],{"class":3749},[47,45988,6268],{"class":61},[47,45990,45991,45994,45996,45998,46000,46002,46004,46006,46008,46010],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45992,45993],{"class":53},"    age ",[47,45995,58],{"class":57},[47,45997,45159],{"class":118},[47,45999,170],{"class":61},[47,46001,42344],{"class":166},[47,46003,170],{"class":61},[47,46005,126],{"class":125},[47,46007,45063],{"class":129},[47,46009,126],{"class":125},[47,46011,506],{"class":61},[47,46013,46014,46016,46018,46020,46023,46025,46027,46029,46031,46033,46035,46037,46040,46042],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46015,7944],{"class":166},[47,46017,170],{"class":61},[47,46019,126],{"class":125},[47,46021,46022],{"class":129},"You will be",[47,46024,126],{"class":125},[47,46026,69],{"class":61},[47,46028,45341],{"class":173},[47,46030,1934],{"class":57},[47,46032,1242],{"class":65},[47,46034,69],{"class":61},[47,46036,136],{"class":125},[47,46038,46039],{"class":129},"next year",[47,46041,126],{"class":125},[47,46043,80],{"class":61},[47,46045,46046,46048,46050],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,46047,29712],{"class":3749},[47,46049,41807],{"class":118},[47,46051,6268],{"class":61},[47,46053,46054,46056,46058,46060,46063,46065],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,46055,7944],{"class":166},[47,46057,170],{"class":61},[47,46059,126],{"class":125},[47,46061,46062],{"class":129},"Please enter a whole number.",[47,46064,126],{"class":125},[47,46066,80],{"class":61},[14,46068,46069],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46071,46072,46073,30],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[21,46074,46076],{"href":46075},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44799,46078],{},[32,46080,1284],{"id":1283},[14,46082,46083,46084,2760],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[44,46085,2833],{},[291,46087,46088,46095,46098,46101],{},[294,46089,46090,46091,25,46093],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[44,46092,2753],{},[44,46094,2759],{},[294,46096,46097],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[294,46099,46100],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[294,46102,46103],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46105,31961],{},[37,46107,46109],{"className":39,"code":46108,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[44,46110,46111,46121,46135],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,46112,46113,46115,46117,46119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46114,167],{"class":166},[47,46116,170],{"class":61},[47,46118,605],{"class":173},[47,46120,80],{"class":61},[47,46122,46123,46125,46127,46129,46131,46133],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46124,167],{"class":166},[47,46126,170],{"class":61},[47,46128,499],{"class":118},[47,46130,170],{"class":61},[47,46132,605],{"class":173},[47,46134,506],{"class":61},[47,46136,46137,46139,46141,46143,46145,46147],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46138,167],{"class":166},[47,46140,170],{"class":61},[47,46142,41660],{"class":166},[47,46144,170],{"class":61},[47,46146,605],{"class":173},[47,46148,506],{"class":61},[14,46150,46151,46152,46154],{},"These help you inspect what ",[44,46153,2833],{}," actually returned:",[291,46156,46157,46162,46167],{},[294,46158,46159,46161],{},[44,46160,41708],{}," shows the value",[294,46163,46164,46166],{},[44,46165,41714],{}," shows the data type",[294,46168,46169,46171],{},[44,46170,41719],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46173,2083],{},[37,46175,46177],{"className":39,"code":46176,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[44,46178,46179,46198,46208,46222],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,46180,46181,46183,46185,46187,46189,46191,46194,46196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46182,588],{"class":53},[47,46184,58],{"class":57},[47,46186,8118],{"class":166},[47,46188,170],{"class":61},[47,46190,126],{"class":125},[47,46192,46193],{"class":129},"Enter something: ",[47,46195,126],{"class":125},[47,46197,80],{"class":61},[47,46199,46200,46202,46204,46206],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46201,167],{"class":166},[47,46203,170],{"class":61},[47,46205,605],{"class":173},[47,46207,80],{"class":61},[47,46209,46210,46212,46214,46216,46218,46220],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46211,167],{"class":166},[47,46213,170],{"class":61},[47,46215,499],{"class":118},[47,46217,170],{"class":61},[47,46219,605],{"class":173},[47,46221,506],{"class":61},[47,46223,46224,46226,46228,46230,46232,46234],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,46225,167],{"class":166},[47,46227,170],{"class":61},[47,46229,41660],{"class":166},[47,46231,170],{"class":61},[47,46233,605],{"class":173},[47,46235,506],{"class":61},[44799,46237],{},[32,46239,1708],{"id":1707},[773,46241,12584,46243,46245],{"id":46242},"does-input-return-an-integer",[44,46244,2833],{}," return an integer?",[14,46247,46248,46249,46251,46252,39810],{},"No. ",[44,46250,2833],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[44,46253,2753],{},[773,46255,46257,46258,2368],{"id":46256},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[44,46259,2833],{},[14,46261,46262,46263,46265],{},"No. You can call ",[44,46264,2833],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[773,46267,5032,46269,46272,46273,2368],{"id":46268},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[44,46270,46271],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[44,46274,2833],{},[14,46276,28938,46277,46279,46280,42036,46282,46284],{},[44,46278,2833],{}," returns strings. ",[44,46281,45589],{},[44,46283,45593],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[773,46286,46288],{"id":46287},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46290,1967,46291,46293,46294,30],{},[44,46292,45853],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[44,46295,46296],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44799,46298],{},[32,46300,1758],{"id":1757},[291,46302,46303,46308,46312,46318,46324,46328],{},[294,46304,46305],{},[21,46306,46307],{"href":46075},"How to get user input in Python",[294,46309,46310],{},[21,46311,8936],{"href":8858},[294,46313,46314],{},[21,46315,3448,46316,3381],{"href":2750},[44,46317,2753],{},[294,46319,46320],{},[21,46321,3448,46322,3381],{"href":2756},[44,46323,2759],{},[294,46325,46326],{},[21,46327,45800],{"href":45799},[294,46329,46330],{},[21,46331,3448,46333,3381],{"href":46332},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[44,46334,46335],{},"print()",[1796,46337,46338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":46340},[46341,46342,46344,46345,46347,46353,46361,46362,46363,46372],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":44803,"depth":83,"text":46343},"What input() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":45032,"depth":83,"text":46346},"What input() returns",{"id":45235,"depth":83,"text":45236,"children":46348},[46349,46350,46352],{"id":45239,"depth":94,"text":45240},{"id":45292,"depth":94,"text":46351},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45363,"depth":94,"text":45364},{"id":45598,"depth":83,"text":45599,"children":46354},[46355,46357,46358,46360],{"id":45607,"depth":94,"text":46356},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45675,"depth":94,"text":45676},{"id":45750,"depth":94,"text":46359},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45803,"depth":94,"text":45804},{"id":45895,"depth":83,"text":45896},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":46364},[46365,46367,46369,46371],{"id":46242,"depth":94,"text":46366},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46256,"depth":94,"text":46368},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46268,"depth":94,"text":46370},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46287,"depth":94,"text":46288},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42075,"description":46373},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46380,"title":41977,"body":46381,"description":48694,"extension":1837,"meta":48695,"navigation":159,"path":48696,"seo":48697,"stem":48698,"__hash__":48699},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46382,"toc":48646},[46383,46388,46393,46398,46419,46422,46424,46484,46486,46505,46510,46515,46520,46522,46535,46537,46620,46622,46663,46669,46671,46701,46707,46710,46727,46729,46781,46783,46801,46807,46813,46816,46834,46836,46909,46911,46930,46937,46943,46948,46951,47011,47013,47032,47035,47038,47053,47059,47063,47124,47126,47147,47151,47280,47282,47412,47422,47428,47434,47442,47508,47510,47535,47538,47555,47568,47574,47577,47610,47612,47625,47628,47671,47673,47681,47688,47692,47699,47703,47730,47732,47740,47746,47763,47768,47772,47799,47801,47809,47813,47818,47821,47847,47850,47859,47867,47871,47881,47885,47888,47890,47941,47943,47973,47983,48010,48012,48020,48030,48034,48037,48039,48087,48089,48133,48139,48190,48192,48211,48216,48221,48224,48243,48246,48298,48300,48309,48311,48315,48319,48322,48331,48338,48340,48367,48371,48373,48382,48385,48392,48398,48458,48462,48464,48472,48475,48501,48507,48510,48530,48532,48541,48549,48551,48557,48562,48569,48579,48585,48593,48597,48600,48602,48643],[10,46384,3448,46386,3452],{"id":46385},"python-int-function-explained",[44,46387,2753],{},[14,46389,32196,46390,46392],{},[44,46391,2753],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46394,35287,46395,46397],{},[44,46396,2753],{}," when they want to:",[291,46399,46400,46410,46413,46416],{},[294,46401,46402,46403,46406,46407],{},"turn text like ",[44,46404,46405],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[44,46408,46409],{},"42",[294,46411,46412],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[294,46414,46415],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[294,46417,46418],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46420,46421],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[32,46423,35],{"id":34},[37,46425,46427],{"className":39,"code":46426,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[44,46428,46429,46447,46461],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,46430,46431,46433,46435,46437,46439,46441,46443,46445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46432,167],{"class":166},[47,46434,170],{"class":61},[47,46436,644],{"class":118},[47,46438,170],{"class":61},[47,46440,126],{"class":125},[47,46442,46409],{"class":129},[47,46444,126],{"class":125},[47,46446,506],{"class":61},[47,46448,46449,46451,46453,46455,46457,46459],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46450,167],{"class":166},[47,46452,170],{"class":61},[47,46454,644],{"class":118},[47,46456,170],{"class":61},[47,46458,41865],{"class":65},[47,46460,506],{"class":61},[47,46462,46463,46465,46467,46469,46471,46473,46476,46478,46480,46482],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46464,167],{"class":166},[47,46466,170],{"class":61},[47,46468,644],{"class":118},[47,46470,170],{"class":61},[47,46472,126],{"class":125},[47,46474,46475],{"class":129},"101",[47,46477,126],{"class":125},[47,46479,69],{"class":61},[47,46481,72],{"class":65},[47,46483,506],{"class":61},[14,46485,215],{},[37,46487,46489],{"className":39,"code":46488,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"42\n3\n5\n",[44,46490,46491,46496,46501],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,46492,46493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46494,46495],{"class":65},"42\n",[47,46497,46498],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46499,46500],{"class":65},"3\n",[47,46502,46503],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46504,633],{"class":65},[14,46506,1967,46507,46509],{},[44,46508,2753],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[32,46511,3550,46513,3553],{"id":46512},"what-int-does",[44,46514,2753],{},[14,46516,46517,46519],{},[44,46518,2753],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46521,12932],{},[291,46523,46524,46529,46532],{},[294,46525,46526,46527,7214],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[44,46528,644],{},[294,46530,46531],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[294,46533,46534],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46536,2083],{},[37,46538,46540],{"className":39,"code":46539,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[44,46541,46542,46554,46568,46572,46582,46592,46606],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,46543,46544,46546,46548,46550,46552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46545,34568],{"class":53},[47,46547,58],{"class":57},[47,46549,136],{"class":125},[47,46551,9071],{"class":129},[47,46553,3230],{"class":125},[47,46555,46556,46558,46560,46562,46564,46566],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46557,2093],{"class":53},[47,46559,58],{"class":57},[47,46561,45159],{"class":118},[47,46563,170],{"class":61},[47,46565,34589],{"class":173},[47,46567,80],{"class":61},[47,46569,46570],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46571,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,46573,46574,46576,46578,46580],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,46575,167],{"class":166},[47,46577,170],{"class":61},[47,46579,34589],{"class":173},[47,46581,80],{"class":61},[47,46583,46584,46586,46588,46590],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,46585,167],{"class":166},[47,46587,170],{"class":61},[47,46589,2116],{"class":173},[47,46591,80],{"class":61},[47,46593,46594,46596,46598,46600,46602,46604],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,46595,167],{"class":166},[47,46597,170],{"class":61},[47,46599,499],{"class":118},[47,46601,170],{"class":61},[47,46603,34589],{"class":173},[47,46605,506],{"class":61},[47,46607,46608,46610,46612,46614,46616,46618],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,46609,167],{"class":166},[47,46611,170],{"class":61},[47,46613,499],{"class":118},[47,46615,170],{"class":61},[47,46617,2116],{"class":173},[47,46619,506],{"class":61},[14,46621,215],{},[37,46623,46625],{"className":39,"code":46624,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[44,46626,46627,46631,46635,46649],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,46628,46629],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46630,2585],{"class":65},[47,46632,46633],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46634,2585],{"class":65},[47,46636,46637,46639,46641,46643,46645,46647],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46638,522],{"class":57},[47,46640,526],{"class":525},[47,46642,265],{"class":125},[47,46644,3315],{"class":129},[47,46646,256],{"class":125},[47,46648,536],{"class":57},[47,46650,46651,46653,46655,46657,46659,46661],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,46652,522],{"class":57},[47,46654,526],{"class":525},[47,46656,265],{"class":125},[47,46658,644],{"class":129},[47,46660,256],{"class":125},[47,46662,536],{"class":57},[14,46664,46665,46666,46668],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[44,46667,2753],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[32,46670,2032],{"id":2031},[37,46672,46674],{"className":39,"code":46673,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[44,46675,46676,46686],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,46677,46678,46680,46682,46684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46679,644],{"class":118},[47,46681,170],{"class":61},[47,46683,2049],{"class":173},[47,46685,80],{"class":61},[47,46687,46688,46690,46692,46694,46696,46699],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46689,644],{"class":118},[47,46691,170],{"class":61},[47,46693,2049],{"class":173},[47,46695,69],{"class":61},[47,46697,46698],{"class":173}," base",[47,46700,80],{"class":61},[773,46702,46704],{"id":46703},"intx",[44,46705,46706],{},"int(x)",[14,46708,46709],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[291,46711,46712,46717,46722],{},[294,46713,46714,46715],{},"a string such as ",[44,46716,42007],{},[294,46718,46719,46720],{},"a float such as ",[44,46721,41865],{},[294,46723,46724,46725],{},"a boolean such as ",[44,46726,3477],{},[14,46728,2083],{},[37,46730,46732],{"className":39,"code":46731,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[44,46733,46734,46752,46767],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,46735,46736,46738,46740,46742,46744,46746,46748,46750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46737,167],{"class":166},[47,46739,170],{"class":61},[47,46741,644],{"class":118},[47,46743,170],{"class":61},[47,46745,126],{"class":125},[47,46747,960],{"class":129},[47,46749,126],{"class":125},[47,46751,506],{"class":61},[47,46753,46754,46756,46758,46760,46762,46765],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46755,167],{"class":166},[47,46757,170],{"class":61},[47,46759,644],{"class":118},[47,46761,170],{"class":61},[47,46763,46764],{"class":65},"8.7",[47,46766,506],{"class":61},[47,46768,46769,46771,46773,46775,46777,46779],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46770,167],{"class":166},[47,46772,170],{"class":61},[47,46774,644],{"class":118},[47,46776,170],{"class":61},[47,46778,3477],{"class":412},[47,46780,506],{"class":61},[14,46782,215],{},[37,46784,46786],{"className":39,"code":46785,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10\n8\n1\n",[44,46787,46788,46792,46796],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,46789,46790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46791,2253],{"class":65},[47,46793,46794],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46795,2258],{"class":65},[47,46797,46798],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46799,46800],{"class":65},"1\n",[773,46802,46804],{"id":46803},"intx-base",[44,46805,46806],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46808,46809,46810,46812],{},"Use this form when ",[44,46811,2049],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46814,46815],{},"Common bases:",[291,46817,46818,46823,46828],{},[294,46819,46820,46822],{},[44,46821,1931],{}," for binary",[294,46824,46825,46827],{},[44,46826,2222],{}," for octal",[294,46829,46830,46833],{},[44,46831,46832],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,46835,2083],{},[37,46837,46839],{"className":39,"code":46838,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[44,46840,46841,46863,46886],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,46842,46843,46845,46847,46849,46851,46853,46855,46857,46859,46861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46844,167],{"class":166},[47,46846,170],{"class":61},[47,46848,644],{"class":118},[47,46850,170],{"class":61},[47,46852,126],{"class":125},[47,46854,46475],{"class":129},[47,46856,126],{"class":125},[47,46858,69],{"class":61},[47,46860,72],{"class":65},[47,46862,506],{"class":61},[47,46864,46865,46867,46869,46871,46873,46875,46878,46880,46882,46884],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46866,167],{"class":166},[47,46868,170],{"class":61},[47,46870,644],{"class":118},[47,46872,170],{"class":61},[47,46874,126],{"class":125},[47,46876,46877],{"class":129},"17",[47,46879,126],{"class":125},[47,46881,69],{"class":61},[47,46883,6234],{"class":65},[47,46885,506],{"class":61},[47,46887,46888,46890,46892,46894,46896,46898,46901,46903,46905,46907],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46889,167],{"class":166},[47,46891,170],{"class":61},[47,46893,644],{"class":118},[47,46895,170],{"class":61},[47,46897,126],{"class":125},[47,46899,46900],{"class":129},"1A",[47,46902,126],{"class":125},[47,46904,69],{"class":61},[47,46906,13866],{"class":65},[47,46908,506],{"class":61},[14,46910,215],{},[37,46912,46914],{"className":39,"code":46913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5\n15\n26\n",[44,46915,46916,46920,46925],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,46917,46918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46919,633],{"class":65},[47,46921,46922],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46923,46924],{"class":65},"15\n",[47,46926,46927],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46928,46929],{"class":65},"26\n",[14,46931,46932,46933,30],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[21,46934,46935,2180],{"href":2756},[44,46936,2759],{},[32,46938,8294,46940,46942],{"id":46939},"using-int-with-strings",[44,46941,2753],{}," with strings",[14,46944,46945,46947],{},[44,46946,2753],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,46949,46950],{},"Examples that work:",[37,46952,46954],{"className":39,"code":46953,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[44,46955,46956,46974,46992],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,46957,46958,46960,46962,46964,46966,46968,46970,46972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46959,167],{"class":166},[47,46961,170],{"class":61},[47,46963,644],{"class":118},[47,46965,170],{"class":61},[47,46967,126],{"class":125},[47,46969,104],{"class":129},[47,46971,126],{"class":125},[47,46973,506],{"class":61},[47,46975,46976,46978,46980,46982,46984,46986,46988,46990],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46977,167],{"class":166},[47,46979,170],{"class":61},[47,46981,644],{"class":118},[47,46983,170],{"class":61},[47,46985,126],{"class":125},[47,46987,2169],{"class":129},[47,46989,126],{"class":125},[47,46991,506],{"class":61},[47,46993,46994,46996,46998,47000,47002,47004,47007,47009],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46995,167],{"class":166},[47,46997,170],{"class":61},[47,46999,644],{"class":118},[47,47001,170],{"class":61},[47,47003,126],{"class":125},[47,47005,47006],{"class":129},"  42  ",[47,47008,126],{"class":125},[47,47010,506],{"class":61},[14,47012,215],{},[37,47014,47016],{"className":39,"code":47015,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5\n-12\n42\n",[44,47017,47018,47022,47028],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47019,47020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47021,633],{"class":65},[47,47023,47024,47026],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47025,1896],{"class":57},[47,47027,2101],{"class":65},[47,47029,47030],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47031,46495],{"class":65},[14,47033,47034],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47036,47037],{},"Examples that fail:",[37,47039,47041],{"className":39,"code":47040,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[44,47042,47043,47048],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47044,47045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47046,47047],{"class":1494},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[47,47049,47050],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47051,47052],{"class":1494},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47054,47055,47056,47058],{},"These raise ",[44,47057,40585],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[773,47060,47062],{"id":47061},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[37,47064,47066],{"className":39,"code":47065,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[44,47067,47068,47086,47105],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47069,47070,47072,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082,47084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47071,167],{"class":166},[47,47073,170],{"class":61},[47,47075,644],{"class":118},[47,47077,170],{"class":61},[47,47079,126],{"class":125},[47,47081,1237],{"class":129},[47,47083,126],{"class":125},[47,47085,506],{"class":61},[47,47087,47088,47090,47092,47094,47096,47098,47101,47103],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47089,167],{"class":166},[47,47091,170],{"class":61},[47,47093,644],{"class":118},[47,47095,170],{"class":61},[47,47097,126],{"class":125},[47,47099,47100],{"class":129},"+7",[47,47102,126],{"class":125},[47,47104,506],{"class":61},[47,47106,47107,47109,47111,47113,47115,47117,47120,47122],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47108,167],{"class":166},[47,47110,170],{"class":61},[47,47112,644],{"class":118},[47,47114,170],{"class":61},[47,47116,126],{"class":125},[47,47118,47119],{"class":129},"-100",[47,47121,126],{"class":125},[47,47123,506],{"class":61},[14,47125,215],{},[37,47127,47129],{"className":39,"code":47128,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0\n7\n-100\n",[44,47130,47131,47136,47140],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47132,47133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47134,47135],{"class":65},"0\n",[47,47137,47138],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47139,1954],{"class":65},[47,47141,47142,47144],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47143,1896],{"class":57},[47,47145,47146],{"class":65},"100\n",[773,47148,47150],{"id":47149},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[37,47152,47154],{"className":39,"code":47153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[44,47155,47156,47194,47198,47210,47217,47232,47247],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47157,47158,47160,47162,47164,47166,47168,47170,47172,47174,47177,47179,47181,47183,47185,47187,47190,47192],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47159,1196],{"class":53},[47,47161,58],{"class":57},[47,47163,957],{"class":61},[47,47165,126],{"class":125},[47,47167,40024],{"class":129},[47,47169,126],{"class":125},[47,47171,69],{"class":61},[47,47173,136],{"class":125},[47,47175,47176],{"class":129},"12abc",[47,47178,126],{"class":125},[47,47180,69],{"class":61},[47,47182,6001],{"class":125},[47,47184,69],{"class":61},[47,47186,136],{"class":125},[47,47188,47189],{"class":129},"seven",[47,47191,126],{"class":125},[47,47193,1402],{"class":61},[47,47195,47196],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47197,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,47199,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47201,5832],{"class":3749},[47,47203,21460],{"class":53},[47,47205,3756],{"class":3749},[47,47207,3759],{"class":53},[47,47209,6268],{"class":61},[47,47211,47212,47215],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47213,47214],{"class":3749},"    try",[47,47216,6268],{"class":61},[47,47218,47219,47222,47224,47226,47228,47230],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,47220,47221],{"class":166},"        print",[47,47223,170],{"class":61},[47,47225,644],{"class":118},[47,47227,170],{"class":61},[47,47229,605],{"class":173},[47,47231,506],{"class":61},[47,47233,47234,47237,47239,47242,47245],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,47235,47236],{"class":3749},"    except",[47,47238,41807],{"class":118},[47,47240,47241],{"class":3749}," as",[47,47243,47244],{"class":53}," error",[47,47246,6268],{"class":61},[47,47248,47249,47251,47253,47255,47257,47259,47261,47264,47266,47269,47271,47274,47276,47278],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,47250,47221],{"class":166},[47,47252,170],{"class":61},[47,47254,22170],{"class":525},[47,47256,126],{"class":129},[47,47258,9153],{"class":65},[47,47260,605],{"class":173},[47,47262,47263],{"class":525},"!r",[47,47265,22179],{"class":65},[47,47267,47268],{"class":129}," -> ",[47,47270,9153],{"class":65},[47,47272,47273],{"class":173},"error",[47,47275,22179],{"class":65},[47,47277,126],{"class":129},[47,47279,80],{"class":61},[14,47281,215],{},[37,47283,47285],{"className":39,"code":47284,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[44,47286,47287,47323,47355,47380],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47288,47289,47291,47293,47295,47298,47301,47303,47305,47307,47310,47313,47315,47317,47319,47321],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47290,256],{"class":43210},[47,47292,40024],{"class":43214},[47,47294,256],{"class":43210},[47,47296,47297],{"class":37248}," ->",[47,47299,47300],{"class":53}," invalid literal ",[47,47302,5832],{"class":3749},[47,47304,45159],{"class":118},[47,47306,550],{"class":61},[47,47308,47309],{"class":3749}," with",[47,47311,47312],{"class":53}," base ",[47,47314,960],{"class":65},[47,47316,2760],{"class":61},[47,47318,265],{"class":125},[47,47320,40024],{"class":129},[47,47322,29577],{"class":125},[47,47324,47325,47327,47329,47331,47333,47335,47337,47339,47341,47343,47345,47347,47349,47351,47353],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47326,256],{"class":125},[47,47328,47176],{"class":129},[47,47330,256],{"class":125},[47,47332,47297],{"class":37248},[47,47334,47300],{"class":53},[47,47336,5832],{"class":3749},[47,47338,45159],{"class":118},[47,47340,550],{"class":61},[47,47342,47309],{"class":3749},[47,47344,47312],{"class":53},[47,47346,960],{"class":65},[47,47348,2760],{"class":61},[47,47350,265],{"class":125},[47,47352,47176],{"class":129},[47,47354,29577],{"class":125},[47,47356,47357,47359,47361,47363,47365,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47358,3647],{"class":125},[47,47360,47297],{"class":37248},[47,47362,47300],{"class":53},[47,47364,5832],{"class":3749},[47,47366,45159],{"class":118},[47,47368,550],{"class":61},[47,47370,47309],{"class":3749},[47,47372,47312],{"class":53},[47,47374,960],{"class":65},[47,47376,2760],{"class":61},[47,47378,47379],{"class":125}," ''\n",[47,47381,47382,47384,47386,47388,47390,47392,47394,47396,47398,47400,47402,47404,47406,47408,47410],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47383,256],{"class":125},[47,47385,47189],{"class":129},[47,47387,256],{"class":125},[47,47389,47297],{"class":37248},[47,47391,47300],{"class":53},[47,47393,5832],{"class":3749},[47,47395,45159],{"class":118},[47,47397,550],{"class":61},[47,47399,47309],{"class":3749},[47,47401,47312],{"class":53},[47,47403,960],{"class":65},[47,47405,2760],{"class":61},[47,47407,265],{"class":125},[47,47409,47189],{"class":129},[47,47411,29577],{"class":125},[14,47413,47414,47415,47417,47418,30],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[21,47416,8859],{"href":8858}," and the ",[21,47419,47420,2180],{"href":8095},[44,47421,2833],{},[32,47423,8294,47425,47427],{"id":47424},"using-int-with-floats",[44,47426,2753],{}," with floats",[14,47429,47430,47431,47433],{},"When you pass a float to ",[44,47432,2753],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47435,47436,47437,13932,47439,47441],{},"Important: ",[44,47438,2753],{},[575,47440,577],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[37,47443,47445],{"className":39,"code":47444,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[44,47446,47447,47461,47476,47492],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47448,47449,47451,47453,47455,47457,47459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47450,167],{"class":166},[47,47452,170],{"class":61},[47,47454,644],{"class":118},[47,47456,170],{"class":61},[47,47458,41865],{"class":65},[47,47460,506],{"class":61},[47,47462,47463,47465,47467,47469,47471,47474],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47464,167],{"class":166},[47,47466,170],{"class":61},[47,47468,644],{"class":118},[47,47470,170],{"class":61},[47,47472,47473],{"class":65},"3.1",[47,47475,506],{"class":61},[47,47477,47478,47480,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47479,167],{"class":166},[47,47481,170],{"class":61},[47,47483,644],{"class":118},[47,47485,170],{"class":61},[47,47487,1896],{"class":57},[47,47489,41865],{"class":65},[47,47491,506],{"class":61},[47,47493,47494,47496,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47495,167],{"class":166},[47,47497,170],{"class":61},[47,47499,644],{"class":118},[47,47501,170],{"class":61},[47,47503,1896],{"class":57},[47,47505,47473],{"class":65},[47,47507,506],{"class":61},[14,47509,215],{},[37,47511,47513],{"className":39,"code":47512,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[44,47514,47515,47519,47523,47529],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47516,47517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47518,46500],{"class":65},[47,47520,47521],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47522,46500],{"class":65},[47,47524,47525,47527],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47526,1896],{"class":57},[47,47528,46500],{"class":65},[47,47530,47531,47533],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47532,1896],{"class":57},[47,47534,46500],{"class":65},[14,47536,47537],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[291,47539,47540,47547],{},[294,47541,47542,42036,47545],{},[44,47543,47544],{},"int(3.9)",[44,47546,1937],{},[294,47548,47549,42036,47552],{},[44,47550,47551],{},"int(-3.9)",[44,47553,47554],{},"-3",[14,47556,47557,47558,47562,47563,30],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[21,47559,47560],{"href":2756},[44,47561,2759],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[21,47564,47565],{"href":42056},[44,47566,47567],{},"str()",[32,47569,8294,47571,47573],{"id":47570},"using-int-with-booleans",[44,47572,2753],{}," with booleans",[14,47575,47576],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[37,47578,47580],{"className":39,"code":47579,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[44,47581,47582,47596],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47583,47584,47586,47588,47590,47592,47594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47585,167],{"class":166},[47,47587,170],{"class":61},[47,47589,644],{"class":118},[47,47591,170],{"class":61},[47,47593,3477],{"class":412},[47,47595,506],{"class":61},[47,47597,47598,47600,47602,47604,47606,47608],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47599,167],{"class":166},[47,47601,170],{"class":61},[47,47603,644],{"class":118},[47,47605,170],{"class":61},[47,47607,3546],{"class":412},[47,47609,506],{"class":61},[14,47611,215],{},[37,47613,47615],{"className":39,"code":47614,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1\n0\n",[44,47616,47617,47621],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47618,47619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47620,46800],{"class":65},[47,47622,47623],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47624,47135],{"class":65},[14,47626,47627],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[37,47629,47631],{"className":39,"code":47630,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[44,47632,47633,47642,47657,47661],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47634,47635,47638,47640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47636,47637],{"class":53},"passed ",[47,47639,58],{"class":57},[47,47641,6297],{"class":412},[47,47643,47644,47646,47648,47650,47652,47655],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47645,41064],{"class":53},[47,47647,58],{"class":57},[47,47649,45159],{"class":118},[47,47651,170],{"class":61},[47,47653,47654],{"class":173},"passed",[47,47656,80],{"class":61},[47,47658,47659],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47660,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,47662,47663,47665,47667,47669],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47664,167],{"class":166},[47,47666,170],{"class":61},[47,47668,41093],{"class":173},[47,47670,80],{"class":61},[14,47672,215],{},[37,47674,47675],{"className":39,"code":46800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,47676,47677],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47678,47679],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47680,46800],{"class":65},[14,47682,47683,47684,30],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[21,47685,47686,2180],{"href":5654},[44,47687,3686],{},[32,47689,47691],{"id":47690},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47693,47694,47695,47698],{},"Use the ",[44,47696,47697],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[773,47700,47702],{"id":47701},"binary-example","Binary example",[37,47704,47706],{"className":39,"code":47705,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[44,47707,47708],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47709,47710,47712,47714,47716,47718,47720,47722,47724,47726,47728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47711,167],{"class":166},[47,47713,170],{"class":61},[47,47715,644],{"class":118},[47,47717,170],{"class":61},[47,47719,126],{"class":125},[47,47721,46475],{"class":129},[47,47723,126],{"class":125},[47,47725,69],{"class":61},[47,47727,72],{"class":65},[47,47729,506],{"class":61},[14,47731,215],{},[37,47733,47734],{"className":39,"code":633,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,47735,47736],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47737,47738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47739,633],{"class":65},[14,47741,47742,47745],{},[44,47743,47744],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[291,47747,47748,47753,47758],{},[294,47749,47750],{},[44,47751,47752],{},"1 × 4",[294,47754,47755],{},[44,47756,47757],{},"0 × 2",[294,47759,47760],{},[44,47761,47762],{},"1 × 1",[14,47764,47765,47766,30],{},"So the result is ",[44,47767,104],{},[773,47769,47771],{"id":47770},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[37,47773,47775],{"className":39,"code":47774,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[44,47776,47777],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47778,47779,47781,47783,47785,47787,47789,47791,47793,47795,47797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47780,167],{"class":166},[47,47782,170],{"class":61},[47,47784,644],{"class":118},[47,47786,170],{"class":61},[47,47788,126],{"class":125},[47,47790,46900],{"class":129},[47,47792,126],{"class":125},[47,47794,69],{"class":61},[47,47796,13866],{"class":65},[47,47798,506],{"class":61},[14,47800,215],{},[37,47802,47803],{"className":39,"code":46929,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,47804,47805],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47806,47807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47808,46929],{"class":65},[773,47810,47812],{"id":47811},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47814,1854,47815,47817],{},[44,47816,47697],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,47819,47820],{},"Good:",[37,47822,47823],{"className":39,"code":47705,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,47824,47825],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47826,47827,47829,47831,47833,47835,47837,47839,47841,47843,47845],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47828,167],{"class":166},[47,47830,170],{"class":61},[47,47832,644],{"class":118},[47,47834,170],{"class":61},[47,47836,126],{"class":125},[47,47838,46475],{"class":129},[47,47840,126],{"class":125},[47,47842,69],{"class":61},[47,47844,72],{"class":65},[47,47846,506],{"class":61},[14,47848,47849],{},"Not correct:",[37,47851,47853],{"className":39,"code":47852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# int(101, 2)\n",[44,47854,47855],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47856,47857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47858,47852],{"class":1494},[14,47860,47861,47862,8479,47864,47866],{},"That causes a ",[44,47863,2879],{},[44,47865,47697],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[32,47868,47870],{"id":47869},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,47872,47873,47874,47876,47877,4267,47879,30],{},"Two common errors with ",[44,47875,2753],{}," are ",[44,47878,40585],{},[44,47880,2879],{},[773,47882,47883],{"id":41395},[44,47884,40585],{},[14,47886,47887],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,47889,2083],{},[37,47891,47893],{"className":39,"code":47892,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[44,47894,47895,47901,47919,47931],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47896,47897,47899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47898,29681],{"class":3749},[47,47900,6268],{"class":61},[47,47902,47903,47905,47907,47909,47911,47913,47915,47917],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47904,7944],{"class":166},[47,47906,170],{"class":61},[47,47908,644],{"class":118},[47,47910,170],{"class":61},[47,47912,126],{"class":125},[47,47914,40024],{"class":129},[47,47916,126],{"class":125},[47,47918,506],{"class":61},[47,47920,47921,47923,47925,47927,47929],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47922,29712],{"class":3749},[47,47924,41807],{"class":118},[47,47926,47241],{"class":3749},[47,47928,47244],{"class":53},[47,47930,6268],{"class":61},[47,47932,47933,47935,47937,47939],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47934,7944],{"class":166},[47,47936,170],{"class":61},[47,47938,47273],{"class":173},[47,47940,80],{"class":61},[14,47942,215],{},[37,47944,47946],{"className":39,"code":47945,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[44,47947,47948],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47949,47950,47953,47955,47957,47959,47961,47963,47965,47967,47969,47971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47951,47952],{"class":53},"invalid literal ",[47,47954,5832],{"class":3749},[47,47956,45159],{"class":118},[47,47958,550],{"class":61},[47,47960,47309],{"class":3749},[47,47962,47312],{"class":53},[47,47964,960],{"class":65},[47,47966,2760],{"class":61},[47,47968,265],{"class":125},[47,47970,40024],{"class":129},[47,47972,29577],{"class":125},[14,47974,47975,47976,47979,47980,47982],{},"A decimal string like ",[44,47977,47978],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[44,47981,2753],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[37,47984,47986],{"className":39,"code":47985,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[44,47987,47988],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,47989,47990,47992,47994,47996,47998,48000,48002,48004,48006,48008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47991,167],{"class":166},[47,47993,170],{"class":61},[47,47995,644],{"class":118},[47,47997,170],{"class":61},[47,47999,2067],{"class":118},[47,48001,170],{"class":61},[47,48003,126],{"class":125},[47,48005,40024],{"class":129},[47,48007,126],{"class":125},[47,48009,2788],{"class":61},[14,48011,215],{},[37,48013,48014],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,48015,48016],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48017,48018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48019,46500],{"class":65},[14,48021,48022,48023,4267,48026,30],{},"If you see this often, read ",[21,48024,48025],{"href":2837},"how to convert string to int in Python",[21,48027,25556,48028],{"href":45799},[44,48029,45800],{},[773,48031,48032],{"id":41460},[44,48033,2879],{},[14,48035,48036],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48038,2083],{},[37,48040,48042],{"className":39,"code":48041,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[44,48043,48044,48050,48064,48077],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48045,48046,48048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48047,29681],{"class":3749},[47,48049,6268],{"class":61},[47,48051,48052,48054,48056,48058,48060,48062],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48053,7944],{"class":166},[47,48055,170],{"class":61},[47,48057,644],{"class":118},[47,48059,170],{"class":61},[47,48061,3652],{"class":412},[47,48063,506],{"class":61},[47,48065,48066,48068,48071,48073,48075],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48067,29712],{"class":3749},[47,48069,48070],{"class":118}," TypeError",[47,48072,47241],{"class":3749},[47,48074,47244],{"class":53},[47,48076,6268],{"class":61},[47,48078,48079,48081,48083,48085],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,48080,7944],{"class":166},[47,48082,170],{"class":61},[47,48084,47273],{"class":173},[47,48086,80],{"class":61},[14,48088,215],{},[37,48090,48092],{"className":39,"code":48091,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[44,48093,48094],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48095,48096,48098,48100,48103,48105,48107,48110,48112,48115,48117,48120,48122,48124,48126,48128,48131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48097,644],{"class":118},[47,48099,550],{"class":61},[47,48101,48102],{"class":53}," argument must be a string",[47,48104,69],{"class":61},[47,48106,44427],{"class":53},[47,48108,48109],{"class":118},"bytes",[47,48111,1896],{"class":57},[47,48113,48114],{"class":53},"like ",[47,48116,42280],{"class":118},[47,48118,48119],{"class":57}," or",[47,48121,40721],{"class":53},[47,48123,69],{"class":61},[47,48125,7975],{"class":57},[47,48127,265],{"class":125},[47,48129,48130],{"class":129},"NoneType",[47,48132,29577],{"class":125},[14,48134,48135,48136,48138],{},"Another example is using the ",[44,48137,47697],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[37,48140,48142],{"className":39,"code":48141,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[44,48143,48144,48150,48168,48180],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48145,48146,48148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48147,29681],{"class":3749},[47,48149,6268],{"class":61},[47,48151,48152,48154,48156,48158,48160,48162,48164,48166],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48153,7944],{"class":166},[47,48155,170],{"class":61},[47,48157,644],{"class":118},[47,48159,170],{"class":61},[47,48161,46475],{"class":65},[47,48163,69],{"class":61},[47,48165,72],{"class":65},[47,48167,506],{"class":61},[47,48169,48170,48172,48174,48176,48178],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48171,29712],{"class":3749},[47,48173,48070],{"class":118},[47,48175,47241],{"class":3749},[47,48177,47244],{"class":53},[47,48179,6268],{"class":61},[47,48181,48182,48184,48186,48188],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,48183,7944],{"class":166},[47,48185,170],{"class":61},[47,48187,47273],{"class":173},[47,48189,80],{"class":61},[14,48191,215],{},[37,48193,48195],{"className":39,"code":48194,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[44,48196,48197],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48198,48199,48201,48203,48206,48208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48200,644],{"class":118},[47,48202,550],{"class":61},[47,48204,48205],{"class":53}," can",[47,48207,256],{"class":125},[47,48209,48210],{"class":129},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[32,48212,4836,48214],{"id":48213},"when-to-use-int",[44,48215,2753],{},[14,48217,1967,48218,48220],{},[44,48219,2753],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48222,48223],{},"Common uses:",[291,48225,48226,48232,48235,48238],{},[294,48227,48228,48229,48231],{},"Convert user input from ",[44,48230,2833],{}," into integers",[294,48233,48234],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[294,48236,48237],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[294,48239,48240,48241,36497],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[44,48242,47697],{},[14,48244,48245],{},"Example with user input:",[37,48247,48249],{"className":39,"code":48248,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[44,48250,48251,48265,48280,48284],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48252,48253,48256,48258,48260,48263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48254,48255],{"class":53},"age_text ",[47,48257,58],{"class":57},[47,48259,136],{"class":125},[47,48261,48262],{"class":129},"18",[47,48264,3230],{"class":125},[47,48266,48267,48269,48271,48273,48275,48278],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48268,21504],{"class":53},[47,48270,58],{"class":57},[47,48272,45159],{"class":118},[47,48274,170],{"class":61},[47,48276,48277],{"class":173},"age_text",[47,48279,80],{"class":61},[47,48281,48282],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48283,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,48285,48286,48288,48290,48292,48294,48296],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,48287,167],{"class":166},[47,48289,170],{"class":61},[47,48291,21504],{"class":173},[47,48293,1934],{"class":57},[47,48295,1242],{"class":65},[47,48297,80],{"class":61},[14,48299,215],{},[37,48301,48303],{"className":39,"code":48302,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"19\n",[44,48304,48305],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48306,48307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48308,48302],{"class":65},[32,48310,1284],{"id":1283},[14,48312,14612,48313,30],{},[44,48314,2753],{},[773,48316,48318],{"id":48317},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48320,48321],{},"This fails:",[37,48323,48325],{"className":39,"code":48324,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[44,48326,48327],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48328,48329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48330,48324],{"class":1494},[14,48332,48333,48334,48337],{},"Why: ",[44,48335,48336],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48339,18717],{},[37,48341,48343],{"className":39,"code":48342,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[44,48344,48345],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48346,48347,48349,48351,48353,48355,48357,48359,48361,48363,48365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48348,167],{"class":166},[47,48350,170],{"class":61},[47,48352,644],{"class":118},[47,48354,170],{"class":61},[47,48356,2067],{"class":118},[47,48358,170],{"class":61},[47,48360,126],{"class":125},[47,48362,41005],{"class":129},[47,48364,126],{"class":125},[47,48366,2788],{"class":61},[773,48368,48370],{"id":48369},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48372,48321],{},[37,48374,48376],{"className":39,"code":48375,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[44,48377,48378],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48379,48380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48381,48375],{"class":1494},[14,48383,48384],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[773,48386,48388,48389],{"id":48387},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[44,48390,48391],{},"int(None)",[14,48393,48394,48395,48397],{},"This fails because ",[44,48396,3652],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[37,48399,48401],{"className":39,"code":48400,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[44,48402,48403,48412,48416,48422,48436,48448],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48404,48405,48407,48409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48406,588],{"class":53},[47,48408,58],{"class":57},[47,48410,48411],{"class":412}," None\n",[47,48413,48414],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48415,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,48417,48418,48420],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48419,29681],{"class":3749},[47,48421,6268],{"class":61},[47,48423,48424,48426,48428,48430,48432,48434],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,48425,7944],{"class":166},[47,48427,170],{"class":61},[47,48429,644],{"class":118},[47,48431,170],{"class":61},[47,48433,605],{"class":173},[47,48435,506],{"class":61},[47,48437,48438,48440,48442,48444,48446],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,48439,29712],{"class":3749},[47,48441,48070],{"class":118},[47,48443,47241],{"class":3749},[47,48445,47244],{"class":53},[47,48447,6268],{"class":61},[47,48449,48450,48452,48454,48456],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,48451,7944],{"class":166},[47,48453,170],{"class":61},[47,48455,47273],{"class":173},[47,48457,80],{"class":61},[773,48459,48461],{"id":48460},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48463,48321],{},[37,48465,48466],{"className":39,"code":47852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,48467,48468],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48469,48470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48471,47852],{"class":1494},[14,48473,48474],{},"Use a string instead:",[37,48476,48477],{"className":39,"code":47705,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,48478,48479],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48480,48481,48483,48485,48487,48489,48491,48493,48495,48497,48499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48482,167],{"class":166},[47,48484,170],{"class":61},[47,48486,644],{"class":118},[47,48488,170],{"class":61},[47,48490,126],{"class":125},[47,48492,46475],{"class":129},[47,48494,126],{"class":125},[47,48496,69],{"class":61},[47,48498,72],{"class":65},[47,48500,506],{"class":61},[773,48502,8330,48504,48506],{"id":48503},"expecting-int-to-round",[44,48505,2753],{}," to round",[14,48508,48509],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[37,48511,48513],{"className":39,"code":48512,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(4.9))\n",[44,48514,48515],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48516,48517,48519,48521,48523,48525,48528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48518,167],{"class":166},[47,48520,170],{"class":61},[47,48522,644],{"class":118},[47,48524,170],{"class":61},[47,48526,48527],{"class":65},"4.9",[47,48529,506],{"class":61},[14,48531,215],{},[37,48533,48535],{"className":39,"code":48534,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"4\n",[44,48536,48537],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48538,48539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48540,48534],{"class":65},[14,48542,3044,48543,48545,48546,48548],{},[44,48544,104],{},", remember that ",[44,48547,2753],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[32,48550,1708],{"id":1707},[773,48552,12584,48554,48556],{"id":48553},"does-int-round-numbers",[44,48555,2753],{}," round numbers?",[14,48558,46248,48559,48561],{},[44,48560,2753],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[773,48563,5032,48565,48568],{"id":48564},"why-does-int314-fail",[44,48566,48567],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48570,28938,48571,48573,48574,48576,48577,39810],{},[44,48572,47978],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[44,48575,2759],{}," first, then use ",[44,48578,2753],{},[773,48580,1744,48582,1747],{"id":48581},"what-does-inttrue-return",[44,48583,48584],{},"int(True)",[14,48586,1750,48587,28191,48589,42036,48591,30],{},[44,48588,66],{},[44,48590,3546],{},[44,48592,1237],{},[773,48594,48596],{"id":48595},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48598,48599],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[32,48601,1758],{"id":1757},[291,48603,48604,48610,48616,48622,48627,48631,48637],{},[294,48605,48606],{},[21,48607,48608,3381],{"href":2756},[44,48609,2759],{},[294,48611,48612],{},[21,48613,48614,3381],{"href":42056},[44,48615,47567],{},[294,48617,48618],{},[21,48619,48620,3381],{"href":5654},[44,48621,3686],{},[294,48623,48624],{},[21,48625,48626],{"href":2837},"How to convert string to int in Python",[294,48628,48629],{},[21,48630,8936],{"href":8858},[294,48632,48633],{},[21,48634,48635,3381],{"href":8095},[44,48636,2833],{},[294,48638,48639],{},[21,48640,30225,48641],{"href":45799},[44,48642,45800],{},[1796,48644,48645],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":48647},[48648,48649,48651,48655,48660,48662,48664,48669,48673,48675,48684,48693],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":46512,"depth":83,"text":48650},"What int() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032,"children":48652},[48653,48654],{"id":46703,"depth":94,"text":46706},{"id":46803,"depth":94,"text":46806},{"id":46939,"depth":83,"text":48656,"children":48657},"Using int() with strings",[48658,48659],{"id":47061,"depth":94,"text":47062},{"id":47149,"depth":94,"text":47150},{"id":47424,"depth":83,"text":48661},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47570,"depth":83,"text":48663},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47690,"depth":83,"text":47691,"children":48665},[48666,48667,48668],{"id":47701,"depth":94,"text":47702},{"id":47770,"depth":94,"text":47771},{"id":47811,"depth":94,"text":47812},{"id":47869,"depth":83,"text":47870,"children":48670},[48671,48672],{"id":41395,"depth":94,"text":40585},{"id":41460,"depth":94,"text":2879},{"id":48213,"depth":83,"text":48674},"When to use int()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":48676},[48677,48678,48679,48681,48682],{"id":48317,"depth":94,"text":48318},{"id":48369,"depth":94,"text":48370},{"id":48387,"depth":94,"text":48680},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48460,"depth":94,"text":48461},{"id":48503,"depth":94,"text":48683},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":48685},[48686,48688,48690,48692],{"id":48553,"depth":94,"text":48687},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48564,"depth":94,"text":48689},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48581,"depth":94,"text":48691},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48595,"depth":94,"text":48596},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41977,"description":48694},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48701,"title":48702,"body":48703,"description":50538,"extension":1837,"meta":50539,"navigation":159,"path":44685,"seo":50540,"stem":50541,"__hash__":50542},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48704,"toc":50494},[48705,48710,48715,48723,48732,48734,48793,48799,48804,48809,48812,48839,48842,48845,48856,48866,48868,48870,48890,48894,48922,48924,48963,48965,48973,48975,48978,48982,49035,49037,49049,49053,49110,49112,49124,49130,49136,49140,49143,49146,49212,49214,49226,49232,49234,49286,49289,49330,49333,49340,49349,49355,49358,49391,49397,49400,49431,49437,49440,49452,49456,49461,49465,49623,49625,49640,49643,49647,49751,49753,49770,49774,49835,49837,49845,49848,49852,49919,49921,49930,49936,49938,49947,49949,49984,49989,49991,50021,50025,50027,50064,50067,50069,50106,50112,50114,50164,50166,50174,50184,50190,50194,50199,50248,50250,50263,50266,50268,50271,50346,50349,50368,50371,50401,50411,50413,50418,50425,50431,50437,50444,50452,50458,50461,50463,50491],[10,48706,3448,48708,3452],{"id":48707},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[44,48709,44688],{},[14,48711,48712,48714],{},[44,48713,44688],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48716,48717,48718,25,48720,48722],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[44,48719,3477],{},[44,48721,3546],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48724,48725,48726,48728,48729,48731],{},"In many cases, ",[44,48727,44688],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[44,48730,2179],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[32,48733,3482],{"id":3481},[37,48735,48737],{"className":39,"code":48736,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[44,48738,48739,48747,48751,48772],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48740,48741,48743,48745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48742,588],{"class":53},[47,48744,58],{"class":57},[47,48746,2463],{"class":65},[47,48748,48749],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48750,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,48752,48753,48755,48757,48760,48762,48764,48766,48768,48770],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48754,167],{"class":166},[47,48756,170],{"class":61},[47,48758,48759],{"class":166},"isinstance",[47,48761,170],{"class":61},[47,48763,605],{"class":173},[47,48765,69],{"class":61},[47,48767,45159],{"class":118},[47,48769,5235],{"class":61},[47,48771,43737],{"class":1494},[47,48773,48774,48776,48778,48780,48782,48784,48786,48789,48791],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,48775,167],{"class":166},[47,48777,170],{"class":61},[47,48779,48759],{"class":166},[47,48781,170],{"class":61},[47,48783,605],{"class":173},[47,48785,69],{"class":61},[47,48787,48788],{"class":118}," str",[47,48790,5235],{"class":61},[47,48792,43754],{"class":1494},[14,48794,1967,48795,48798],{},[44,48796,48797],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[32,48800,3550,48802,3553],{"id":48801},"what-isinstance-does",[44,48803,44688],{},[14,48805,48806,48808],{},[44,48807,44688],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48810,48811],{},"It:",[291,48813,48814,48817,48823,48826],{},[294,48815,48816],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[294,48818,11301,48819,25,48821],{},[44,48820,3477],{},[44,48822,3546],{},[294,48824,48825],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[294,48827,48828,48829,2064,48831,2064,48833,2064,48835,16949,48837],{},"Is commonly used with ",[44,48830,3315],{},[44,48832,644],{},[44,48834,7969],{},[44,48836,531],{},[44,48838,8699],{},[14,48840,48841],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,48843,48844],{},"For example, you might want to:",[291,48846,48847,48850,48853],{},[294,48848,48849],{},"loop through a list",[294,48851,48852],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[294,48854,48855],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,48857,48858,48859,25,48862,30],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[21,48860,44680],{"href":48861},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[21,48863,48865],{"href":48864},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[32,48867,2032],{"id":2031},[14,48869,2035],{},[37,48871,48873],{"className":39,"code":48872,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[44,48874,48875],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48876,48877,48879,48881,48883,48885,48888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48878,48759],{"class":166},[47,48880,170],{"class":61},[47,48882,42280],{"class":118},[47,48884,69],{"class":61},[47,48886,48887],{"class":173}," classinfo",[47,48889,80],{"class":61},[773,48891,48893],{"id":48892},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[291,48895,48896,48901,48915],{},[294,48897,48898,48900],{},[44,48899,42280],{}," is the value you want to test",[294,48902,48903,48906,48907,2064,48909,2064,48911,2068,48913],{},[44,48904,48905],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[44,48908,644],{},[44,48910,3315],{},[44,48912,7969],{},[44,48914,8699],{},[294,48916,48917,48918,25,48920],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[44,48919,3477],{},[44,48921,3546],{},[14,48923,2083],{},[37,48925,48927],{"className":39,"code":48926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[44,48928,48929,48941,48945],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48930,48931,48933,48935,48937,48939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48932,7751],{"class":53},[47,48934,58],{"class":57},[47,48936,136],{"class":125},[47,48938,11387],{"class":129},[47,48940,3230],{"class":125},[47,48942,48943],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48944,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,48946,48947,48949,48951,48953,48955,48957,48959,48961],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48948,167],{"class":166},[47,48950,170],{"class":61},[47,48952,48759],{"class":166},[47,48954,170],{"class":61},[47,48956,7542],{"class":173},[47,48958,69],{"class":61},[47,48960,48788],{"class":118},[47,48962,506],{"class":61},[14,48964,215],{},[37,48966,48967],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,48968,48969],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48970,48971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48972,3852],{"class":412},[32,48974,11353],{"id":11352},[14,48976,48977],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[773,48979,48981],{"id":48980},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[37,48983,48985],{"className":39,"code":48984,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[44,48986,48987,48995,48999,49017],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,48988,48989,48991,48993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48990,588],{"class":53},[47,48992,58],{"class":57},[47,48994,45108],{"class":65},[47,48996,48997],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48998,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,49000,49001,49003,49005,49007,49009,49011,49013,49015],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49002,167],{"class":166},[47,49004,170],{"class":61},[47,49006,48759],{"class":166},[47,49008,170],{"class":61},[47,49010,605],{"class":173},[47,49012,69],{"class":61},[47,49014,45159],{"class":118},[47,49016,506],{"class":61},[47,49018,49019,49021,49023,49025,49027,49029,49031,49033],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49020,167],{"class":166},[47,49022,170],{"class":61},[47,49024,48759],{"class":166},[47,49026,170],{"class":61},[47,49028,605],{"class":173},[47,49030,69],{"class":61},[47,49032,48788],{"class":118},[47,49034,506],{"class":61},[14,49036,215],{},[37,49038,49039],{"className":39,"code":44056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,49040,49041,49045],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49042,49043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49044,3852],{"class":412},[47,49046,49047],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49048,3913],{"class":412},[773,49050,49052],{"id":49051},"check-text","Check text",[37,49054,49056],{"className":39,"code":49055,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[44,49057,49058,49070,49074,49092],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49059,49060,49062,49064,49066,49068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49061,34568],{"class":53},[47,49063,58],{"class":57},[47,49065,136],{"class":125},[47,49067,3718],{"class":129},[47,49069,3230],{"class":125},[47,49071,49072],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49073,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,49075,49076,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086,49088,49090],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49077,167],{"class":166},[47,49079,170],{"class":61},[47,49081,48759],{"class":166},[47,49083,170],{"class":61},[47,49085,34589],{"class":173},[47,49087,69],{"class":61},[47,49089,48788],{"class":118},[47,49091,506],{"class":61},[47,49093,49094,49096,49098,49100,49102,49104,49106,49108],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49095,167],{"class":166},[47,49097,170],{"class":61},[47,49099,48759],{"class":166},[47,49101,170],{"class":61},[47,49103,34589],{"class":173},[47,49105,69],{"class":61},[47,49107,45159],{"class":118},[47,49109,506],{"class":61},[14,49111,215],{},[37,49113,49114],{"className":39,"code":44056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,49115,49116,49120],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49117,49118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49119,3852],{"class":412},[47,49121,49122],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49123,3913],{"class":412},[14,49125,49126,49127,49129],{},"In both examples, ",[44,49128,44688],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49131,49132,49133,30],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[21,49134,49135],{"href":2837},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[32,49137,49139],{"id":49138},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49141,49142],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49144,49145],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[37,49147,49149],{"className":39,"code":49148,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[44,49150,49151,49160,49164,49188],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49152,49153,49155,49157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49154,588],{"class":53},[47,49156,58],{"class":57},[47,49158,49159],{"class":65}," 3.5\n",[47,49161,49162],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49163,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,49165,49166,49168,49170,49172,49174,49176,49178,49180,49182,49184,49186],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49167,167],{"class":166},[47,49169,170],{"class":61},[47,49171,48759],{"class":166},[47,49173,170],{"class":61},[47,49175,605],{"class":173},[47,49177,69],{"class":61},[47,49179,62],{"class":61},[47,49181,644],{"class":118},[47,49183,69],{"class":61},[47,49185,40136],{"class":118},[47,49187,2788],{"class":61},[47,49189,49190,49192,49194,49196,49198,49200,49202,49204,49206,49208,49210],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49191,167],{"class":166},[47,49193,170],{"class":61},[47,49195,48759],{"class":166},[47,49197,170],{"class":61},[47,49199,605],{"class":173},[47,49201,69],{"class":61},[47,49203,62],{"class":61},[47,49205,3315],{"class":118},[47,49207,69],{"class":61},[47,49209,22436],{"class":118},[47,49211,2788],{"class":61},[14,49213,215],{},[37,49215,49216],{"className":39,"code":44056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,49217,49218,49222],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49219,49220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49221,3852],{"class":412},[47,49223,49224],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49225,3913],{"class":412},[14,49227,49228,49229,49231],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[44,49230,40718],{}," conditions.",[14,49233,8174],{},[37,49235,49237],{"className":39,"code":49236,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[44,49238,49239,49247,49251],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49240,49241,49243,49245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49242,588],{"class":53},[47,49244,58],{"class":57},[47,49246,49159],{"class":65},[47,49248,49249],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49250,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,49252,49253,49255,49257,49259,49261,49263,49265,49267,49269,49271,49274,49276,49278,49280,49282,49284],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49254,167],{"class":166},[47,49256,170],{"class":61},[47,49258,499],{"class":118},[47,49260,170],{"class":61},[47,49262,605],{"class":173},[47,49264,3533],{"class":61},[47,49266,6283],{"class":57},[47,49268,45159],{"class":118},[47,49270,48119],{"class":3749},[47,49272,49273],{"class":118}," type",[47,49275,170],{"class":61},[47,49277,605],{"class":173},[47,49279,3533],{"class":61},[47,49281,6283],{"class":57},[47,49283,40136],{"class":118},[47,49285,80],{"class":61},[14,49287,49288],{},"you can write this:",[37,49290,49292],{"className":39,"code":49291,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[44,49293,49294,49302,49306],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49295,49296,49298,49300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49297,588],{"class":53},[47,49299,58],{"class":57},[47,49301,49159],{"class":65},[47,49303,49304],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49305,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,49307,49308,49310,49312,49314,49316,49318,49320,49322,49324,49326,49328],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49309,167],{"class":166},[47,49311,170],{"class":61},[47,49313,48759],{"class":166},[47,49315,170],{"class":61},[47,49317,605],{"class":173},[47,49319,69],{"class":61},[47,49321,62],{"class":61},[47,49323,644],{"class":118},[47,49325,69],{"class":61},[47,49327,40136],{"class":118},[47,49329,2788],{"class":61},[14,49331,49332],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[32,49334,49336,10461,49338],{"id":49335},"isinstance-vs-type",[44,49337,44688],{},[44,49339,2179],{},[14,49341,10466,49342,4267,49344,49348],{},[44,49343,44688],{},[21,49345,49346],{"href":2176},[44,49347,2179],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[773,49350,49352],{"id":49351},"typevalue-int",[44,49353,49354],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49356,49357],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[37,49359,49361],{"className":39,"code":49360,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[44,49362,49363,49371],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49364,49365,49367,49369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49366,588],{"class":53},[47,49368,58],{"class":57},[47,49370,2463],{"class":65},[47,49372,49373,49375,49377,49379,49381,49383,49385,49387,49389],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49374,167],{"class":166},[47,49376,170],{"class":61},[47,49378,499],{"class":118},[47,49380,170],{"class":61},[47,49382,605],{"class":173},[47,49384,3533],{"class":61},[47,49386,6283],{"class":57},[47,49388,45159],{"class":118},[47,49390,80],{"class":61},[773,49392,49394],{"id":49393},"isinstancevalue-int",[44,49395,49396],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49398,49399],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[37,49401,49403],{"className":39,"code":49402,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[44,49404,49405,49413],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49406,49407,49409,49411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49408,588],{"class":53},[47,49410,58],{"class":57},[47,49412,2463],{"class":65},[47,49414,49415,49417,49419,49421,49423,49425,49427,49429],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49416,167],{"class":166},[47,49418,170],{"class":61},[47,49420,48759],{"class":166},[47,49422,170],{"class":61},[47,49424,605],{"class":173},[47,49426,69],{"class":61},[47,49428,45159],{"class":118},[47,49430,506],{"class":61},[14,49432,49433,49434,49436],{},"For beginners, ",[44,49435,44688],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49438,49439],{},"In everyday code:",[291,49441,49442,49447],{},[294,49443,39871,49444,49446],{},[44,49445,2179],{}," when you need the exact type",[294,49448,39871,49449,49451],{},[44,49450,44688],{}," when you want a practical type check",[32,49453,49455],{"id":49454},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49457,49458,49459,30],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[44,49460,44688],{},[773,49462,49464],{"id":49463},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[37,49466,49468],{"className":39,"code":49467,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[44,49469,49470,49488,49507,49519,49524,49542,49553,49557,49569,49573,49597],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49471,49472,49474,49477,49479,49481,49483,49486],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49473,34732],{"class":525},[47,49475,49476],{"class":34735}," repeat_text",[47,49478,170],{"class":61},[47,49480,34589],{"class":37544},[47,49482,69],{"class":61},[47,49484,49485],{"class":37544}," count",[47,49487,8218],{"class":61},[47,49489,49490,49492,49494,49497,49499,49501,49503,49505],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49491,6273],{"class":3749},[47,49493,7975],{"class":57},[47,49495,49496],{"class":166}," isinstance",[47,49498,170],{"class":61},[47,49500,34589],{"class":173},[47,49502,69],{"class":61},[47,49504,48788],{"class":118},[47,49506,8218],{"class":61},[47,49508,49509,49512,49514,49517],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49510,49511],{"class":3749},"        return",[47,49513,136],{"class":125},[47,49515,49516],{"class":129},"text must be a string",[47,49518,3230],{"class":125},[47,49520,49521],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49522,49523],{"class":53},"    \n",[47,49525,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49540],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,49527,6273],{"class":3749},[47,49529,7975],{"class":57},[47,49531,49496],{"class":166},[47,49533,170],{"class":61},[47,49535,41141],{"class":173},[47,49537,69],{"class":61},[47,49539,45159],{"class":118},[47,49541,8218],{"class":61},[47,49543,49544,49546,49548,49551],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,49545,49511],{"class":3749},[47,49547,136],{"class":125},[47,49549,49550],{"class":129},"count must be an integer",[47,49552,3230],{"class":125},[47,49554,49555],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,49556,49523],{"class":53},[47,49558,49559,49561,49564,49566],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,49560,34743],{"class":3749},[47,49562,49563],{"class":53}," text ",[47,49565,39753],{"class":57},[47,49567,49568],{"class":53}," count\n",[47,49570,49571],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,49572,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,49574,49575,49577,49579,49582,49584,49586,49589,49591,49593,49595],{"class":49,"line":6309},[47,49576,167],{"class":166},[47,49578,170],{"class":61},[47,49580,49581],{"class":173},"repeat_text",[47,49583,170],{"class":61},[47,49585,126],{"class":125},[47,49587,49588],{"class":129},"Hi ",[47,49590,126],{"class":125},[47,49592,69],{"class":61},[47,49594,77],{"class":65},[47,49596,506],{"class":61},[47,49598,49599,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621],{"class":49,"line":11473},[47,49600,167],{"class":166},[47,49602,170],{"class":61},[47,49604,49581],{"class":173},[47,49606,170],{"class":61},[47,49608,126],{"class":125},[47,49610,49588],{"class":129},[47,49612,126],{"class":125},[47,49614,69],{"class":61},[47,49616,136],{"class":125},[47,49618,1937],{"class":129},[47,49620,126],{"class":125},[47,49622,506],{"class":61},[14,49624,215],{},[37,49626,49628],{"className":39,"code":49627,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[44,49629,49630,49635],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49631,49632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49633,49634],{"class":53},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[47,49636,49637],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49638,49639],{"class":53},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49641,49642],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[773,49644,49646],{"id":49645},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[37,49648,49650],{"className":39,"code":49649,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[44,49651,49652,49684,49688,49704,49719,49736],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49653,49654,49656,49658,49660,49662,49664,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680,49682],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49655,588],{"class":53},[47,49657,58],{"class":57},[47,49659,957],{"class":61},[47,49661,126],{"class":125},[47,49663,21],{"class":129},[47,49665,126],{"class":125},[47,49667,69],{"class":61},[47,49669,136],{"class":125},[47,49671,139],{"class":129},[47,49673,126],{"class":125},[47,49675,69],{"class":61},[47,49677,136],{"class":125},[47,49679,148],{"class":129},[47,49681,126],{"class":125},[47,49683,1402],{"class":61},[47,49685,49686],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49687,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,49689,49690,49692,49694,49696,49698,49700,49702],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49691,6871],{"class":3749},[47,49693,49496],{"class":166},[47,49695,170],{"class":61},[47,49697,605],{"class":173},[47,49699,69],{"class":61},[47,49701,48788],{"class":118},[47,49703,8218],{"class":61},[47,49705,49706,49708,49710,49712,49715,49717],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49707,7944],{"class":166},[47,49709,170],{"class":61},[47,49711,126],{"class":125},[47,49713,49714],{"class":129},"This is text",[47,49716,126],{"class":125},[47,49718,80],{"class":61},[47,49720,49721,49724,49726,49728,49730,49732,49734],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,49722,49723],{"class":3749},"elif",[47,49725,49496],{"class":166},[47,49727,170],{"class":61},[47,49729,605],{"class":173},[47,49731,69],{"class":61},[47,49733,22436],{"class":118},[47,49735,8218],{"class":61},[47,49737,49738,49740,49742,49744,49747,49749],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,49739,7944],{"class":166},[47,49741,170],{"class":61},[47,49743,126],{"class":125},[47,49745,49746],{"class":129},"This is a list",[47,49748,126],{"class":125},[47,49750,80],{"class":61},[14,49752,215],{},[37,49754,49756],{"className":39,"code":49755,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"This is a list\n",[44,49757,49758],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49759,49760,49763,49765,49767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49761,49762],{"class":53},"This ",[47,49764,12073],{"class":57},[47,49766,44427],{"class":53},[47,49768,49769],{"class":118},"list\n",[773,49771,49773],{"id":49772},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[37,49775,49777],{"className":39,"code":49776,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[44,49778,49779,49791,49795,49811,49825],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49780,49781,49783,49785,49787,49789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49782,588],{"class":53},[47,49784,58],{"class":57},[47,49786,136],{"class":125},[47,49788,46409],{"class":129},[47,49790,3230],{"class":125},[47,49792,49793],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49794,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,49796,49797,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49798,6871],{"class":3749},[47,49800,49496],{"class":166},[47,49802,170],{"class":61},[47,49804,605],{"class":173},[47,49806,69],{"class":61},[47,49808,48788],{"class":118},[47,49810,8218],{"class":61},[47,49812,49813,49815,49817,49819,49821,49823],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49814,41771],{"class":53},[47,49816,58],{"class":57},[47,49818,45159],{"class":118},[47,49820,170],{"class":61},[47,49822,605],{"class":173},[47,49824,80],{"class":61},[47,49826,49827,49829,49831,49833],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,49828,7944],{"class":166},[47,49830,170],{"class":61},[47,49832,2116],{"class":173},[47,49834,80],{"class":61},[14,49836,215],{},[37,49838,49839],{"className":39,"code":46495,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,49840,49841],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49842,49843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49844,46495],{"class":65},[14,49846,49847],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[773,49849,49851],{"id":49850},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[37,49853,49855],{"className":39,"code":49854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[44,49856,49857,49881,49885,49901],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49858,49859,49861,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871,49873,49875,49877,49879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49860,588],{"class":53},[47,49862,58],{"class":57},[47,49864,10366],{"class":61},[47,49866,126],{"class":125},[47,49868,7542],{"class":129},[47,49870,126],{"class":125},[47,49872,2760],{"class":61},[47,49874,136],{"class":125},[47,49876,12760],{"class":129},[47,49878,126],{"class":125},[47,49880,9184],{"class":61},[47,49882,49883],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49884,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,49886,49887,49889,49891,49893,49895,49897,49899],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49888,6871],{"class":3749},[47,49890,49496],{"class":166},[47,49892,170],{"class":61},[47,49894,605],{"class":173},[47,49896,69],{"class":61},[47,49898,9048],{"class":118},[47,49900,8218],{"class":61},[47,49902,49903,49905,49907,49909,49911,49913,49915,49917],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49904,7944],{"class":166},[47,49906,170],{"class":61},[47,49908,605],{"class":173},[47,49910,3773],{"class":61},[47,49912,126],{"class":125},[47,49914,7542],{"class":129},[47,49916,126],{"class":125},[47,49918,153],{"class":61},[14,49920,215],{},[37,49922,49924],{"className":39,"code":49923,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana\n",[44,49925,49926],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49927,49928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49929,49923],{"class":53},[14,49931,49932,49933,49935],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[44,49934,2879],{}," messages later.",[32,49937,4393],{"id":4392},[773,49939,49941,49942,10969,49945],{"id":49940},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[44,49943,49944],{},"\"int\"",[44,49946,644],{},[14,49948,744],{},[37,49950,49952],{"className":39,"code":49951,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[44,49953,49954,49962],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49955,49956,49958,49960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49957,588],{"class":53},[47,49959,58],{"class":57},[47,49961,2463],{"class":65},[47,49963,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978,49980,49982],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49965,167],{"class":166},[47,49967,170],{"class":61},[47,49969,48759],{"class":166},[47,49971,170],{"class":61},[47,49973,605],{"class":173},[47,49975,69],{"class":61},[47,49977,136],{"class":125},[47,49979,644],{"class":129},[47,49981,126],{"class":125},[47,49983,506],{"class":61},[14,49985,49986,49988],{},[44,49987,49944],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,49990,724],{},[37,49992,49993],{"className":39,"code":49402,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,49994,49995,50003],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,49996,49997,49999,50001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49998,588],{"class":53},[47,50000,58],{"class":57},[47,50002,2463],{"class":65},[47,50004,50005,50007,50009,50011,50013,50015,50017,50019],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50006,167],{"class":166},[47,50008,170],{"class":61},[47,50010,48759],{"class":166},[47,50012,170],{"class":61},[47,50014,605],{"class":173},[47,50016,69],{"class":61},[47,50018,45159],{"class":118},[47,50020,506],{"class":61},[773,50022,50024],{"id":50023},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50026,744],{},[37,50028,50030],{"className":39,"code":50029,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[44,50031,50032,50040],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,50033,50034,50036,50038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50035,588],{"class":53},[47,50037,58],{"class":57},[47,50039,34723],{"class":65},[47,50041,50042,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060,50062],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50043,167],{"class":166},[47,50045,170],{"class":61},[47,50047,48759],{"class":166},[47,50049,170],{"class":61},[47,50051,605],{"class":173},[47,50053,69],{"class":61},[47,50055,957],{"class":61},[47,50057,644],{"class":118},[47,50059,69],{"class":61},[47,50061,40136],{"class":118},[47,50063,2873],{"class":61},[14,50065,50066],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50068,724],{},[37,50070,50072],{"className":39,"code":50071,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[44,50073,50074,50082],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,50075,50076,50078,50080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50077,588],{"class":53},[47,50079,58],{"class":57},[47,50081,34723],{"class":65},[47,50083,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098,50100,50102,50104],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50085,167],{"class":166},[47,50087,170],{"class":61},[47,50089,48759],{"class":166},[47,50091,170],{"class":61},[47,50093,605],{"class":173},[47,50095,69],{"class":61},[47,50097,62],{"class":61},[47,50099,644],{"class":118},[47,50101,69],{"class":61},[47,50103,40136],{"class":118},[47,50105,2788],{"class":61},[773,50107,25651,50109,50111],{"id":50108},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[44,50110,44688],{}," converts a value",[14,50113,18790],{},[37,50115,50117],{"className":39,"code":50116,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,50118,50119,50132,50150,50154],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,50120,50121,50123,50125,50127,50130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50122,588],{"class":53},[47,50124,58],{"class":57},[47,50126,136],{"class":125},[47,50128,50129],{"class":129},"123",[47,50131,3230],{"class":125},[47,50133,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142,50144,50146,50148],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50135,2106],{"class":53},[47,50137,58],{"class":57},[47,50139,49496],{"class":166},[47,50141,170],{"class":61},[47,50143,605],{"class":173},[47,50145,69],{"class":61},[47,50147,45159],{"class":118},[47,50149,80],{"class":61},[47,50151,50152],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,50153,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,50155,50156,50158,50160,50162],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,50157,167],{"class":166},[47,50159,170],{"class":61},[47,50161,2141],{"class":173},[47,50163,80],{"class":61},[14,50165,215],{},[37,50167,50168],{"className":39,"code":3913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,50169,50170],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,50171,50172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50173,3913],{"class":412},[14,50175,50176,50177,50180,50181,50183],{},"This does not convert ",[44,50178,50179],{},"\"123\""," into ",[44,50182,50129],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50185,50186,50187,6504],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[44,50188,50189],{},"int(value)",[773,50191,50193],{"id":50192},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50195,50196,50198],{},[44,50197,44688],{}," does not modify anything.",[37,50200,50202],{"className":39,"code":50201,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[44,50203,50204,50216,50220,50238],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,50205,50206,50208,50210,50212,50214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50207,588],{"class":53},[47,50209,58],{"class":57},[47,50211,136],{"class":125},[47,50213,13436],{"class":129},[47,50215,3230],{"class":125},[47,50217,50218],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50219,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,50221,50222,50224,50226,50228,50230,50232,50234,50236],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,50223,167],{"class":166},[47,50225,170],{"class":61},[47,50227,48759],{"class":166},[47,50229,170],{"class":61},[47,50231,605],{"class":173},[47,50233,69],{"class":61},[47,50235,48788],{"class":118},[47,50237,506],{"class":61},[47,50239,50240,50242,50244,50246],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,50241,167],{"class":166},[47,50243,170],{"class":61},[47,50245,605],{"class":173},[47,50247,80],{"class":61},[14,50249,215],{},[37,50251,50253],{"className":39,"code":50252,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\n100\n",[44,50254,50255,50259],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,50256,50257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50258,3852],{"class":412},[47,50260,50261],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50262,47146],{"class":65},[14,50264,50265],{},"The value stays the same.",[32,50267,25819],{"id":25818},[14,50269,50270],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[37,50272,50274],{"className":39,"code":50273,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[44,50275,50276,50290,50308,50332],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,50277,50278,50280,50282,50284,50286,50288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50279,167],{"class":166},[47,50281,170],{"class":61},[47,50283,499],{"class":118},[47,50285,170],{"class":61},[47,50287,605],{"class":173},[47,50289,506],{"class":61},[47,50291,50292,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302,50304,50306],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50293,167],{"class":166},[47,50295,170],{"class":61},[47,50297,48759],{"class":166},[47,50299,170],{"class":61},[47,50301,605],{"class":173},[47,50303,69],{"class":61},[47,50305,45159],{"class":118},[47,50307,506],{"class":61},[47,50309,50310,50312,50314,50316,50318,50320,50322,50324,50326,50328,50330],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,50311,167],{"class":166},[47,50313,170],{"class":61},[47,50315,48759],{"class":166},[47,50317,170],{"class":61},[47,50319,605],{"class":173},[47,50321,69],{"class":61},[47,50323,62],{"class":61},[47,50325,644],{"class":118},[47,50327,69],{"class":61},[47,50329,40136],{"class":118},[47,50331,2788],{"class":61},[47,50333,50334,50336,50338,50340,50342,50344],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,50335,167],{"class":166},[47,50337,170],{"class":61},[47,50339,41660],{"class":166},[47,50341,170],{"class":61},[47,50343,605],{"class":173},[47,50345,506],{"class":61},[14,50347,50348],{},"These can help when:",[291,50350,50351,50354,50359,50362],{},[294,50352,50353],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[294,50355,50356,50357],{},"you are getting a ",[44,50358,2879],{},[294,50360,50361],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[294,50363,50364,50365,50367],{},"the second argument to ",[44,50366,44688],{}," is invalid",[14,50369,50370],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[291,50372,50373,50387,50393,50398],{},[294,50374,50375,50376,25,50379,50382,50383,25,50385],{},"using ",[44,50377,50378],{},"'int'",[44,50380,50381],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[44,50384,644],{},[44,50386,3315],{},[294,50388,50389,50390,50392],{},"expecting ",[44,50391,44688],{}," to convert a value",[294,50394,50375,50395,50397],{},[44,50396,2179],{}," when inherited types should also match",[294,50399,50400],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50402,50403,50404,30],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[21,50405,50407,50408],{"href":50406},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[44,50409,50410],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[32,50412,1708],{"id":1707},[773,50414,1744,50416,5020],{"id":50415},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[44,50417,44688],{},[14,50419,1750,50420,50422,50423,30],{},[44,50421,3477],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[44,50424,3546],{},[773,50426,5044,50428,50430],{"id":50427},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[44,50429,44688],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50432,50433,50434,30],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[44,50435,50436],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[773,50438,5054,50440,4267,50442,2368],{"id":50439},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[44,50441,44688],{},[44,50443,2179],{},[14,50445,50446,50448,50449,50451],{},[44,50447,2179],{}," gives the exact type. ",[44,50450,44688],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[773,50453,12584,50455,50457],{"id":50454},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[44,50456,44688],{}," convert a value?",[14,50459,50460],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[32,50462,1758],{"id":1757},[291,50464,50465,50471,50475,50480,50485],{},[294,50466,50467],{},[21,50468,3448,50469,3381],{"href":2176},[44,50470,2179],{},[294,50472,50473],{},[21,50474,44680],{"href":48861},[294,50476,50477],{},[21,50478,50479],{"href":2837},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[294,50481,50482],{},[21,50483,50484],{"href":48864},"What is a data type in Python?",[294,50486,50487],{},[21,50488,50407,50489],{"href":50406},[44,50490,50410],{},[1796,50492,50493],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":50495},[50496,50497,50499,50502,50506,50507,50512,50518,50526,50527,50537],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":48801,"depth":83,"text":50498},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032,"children":50500},[50501],{"id":48892,"depth":94,"text":48893},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353,"children":50503},[50504,50505],{"id":48980,"depth":94,"text":48981},{"id":49051,"depth":94,"text":49052},{"id":49138,"depth":83,"text":49139},{"id":49335,"depth":83,"text":50508,"children":50509},"isinstance() vs type()",[50510,50511],{"id":49351,"depth":94,"text":49354},{"id":49393,"depth":94,"text":49396},{"id":49454,"depth":83,"text":49455,"children":50513},[50514,50515,50516,50517],{"id":49463,"depth":94,"text":49464},{"id":49645,"depth":94,"text":49646},{"id":49772,"depth":94,"text":49773},{"id":49850,"depth":94,"text":49851},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":50519},[50520,50522,50523,50525],{"id":49940,"depth":94,"text":50521},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50023,"depth":94,"text":50024},{"id":50108,"depth":94,"text":50524},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50192,"depth":94,"text":50193},{"id":25818,"depth":83,"text":25819},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":50528},[50529,50531,50533,50535],{"id":50415,"depth":94,"text":50530},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50427,"depth":94,"text":50532},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50439,"depth":94,"text":50534},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50454,"depth":94,"text":50536},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48702,"description":50538},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50544,"title":50545,"body":50546,"description":52519,"extension":1837,"meta":52520,"navigation":159,"path":52521,"seo":52522,"stem":52523,"__hash__":52524},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50547,"toc":52494},[50548,50551,50556,50561,50575,50578,50580,50655,50660,50664,50669,50672,50686,50688,50854,50867,50869,50871,50886,50889,50892,50905,50907,51005,51009,51015,51018,51027,51029,51064,51069,51090,51095,51100,51132,51135,51192,51196,51202,51205,51258,51260,51300,51303,51371,51374,51425,51432,51436,51442,51527,51533,51539,51588,51591,51594,51644,51646,51651,51655,51705,51709,51756,51760,51837,51841,51906,51909,51913,51918,51923,51935,51937,51956,51962,51965,51984,51989,52016,52023,52027,52033,52036,52131,52134,52137,52186,52191,52193,52197,52232,52235,52292,52302,52305,52339,52342,52344,52348,52351,52355,52358,52362,52365,52369,52382,52386,52391,52393,52443,52455,52457,52491],[10,50549,50545],{"id":50550},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50552,9001,50553,50555],{},[44,50554,42242],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50557,35287,50558,50560],{},[44,50559,42242],{}," to count:",[291,50562,50563,50566,50569,50572],{},[294,50564,50565],{},"characters in a string",[294,50567,50568],{},"items in a list or tuple",[294,50570,50571],{},"keys in a dictionary",[294,50573,50574],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50576,50577],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[32,50579,35],{"id":34},[37,50581,50583],{"className":39,"code":50582,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[44,50584,50585,50597,50617,50621,50638],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,50586,50587,50589,50591,50593,50595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50588,34568],{"class":53},[47,50590,58],{"class":57},[47,50592,136],{"class":125},[47,50594,3718],{"class":129},[47,50596,3230],{"class":125},[47,50598,50599,50601,50603,50605,50607,50609,50611,50613,50615],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50600,7654],{"class":53},[47,50602,58],{"class":57},[47,50604,957],{"class":61},[47,50606,960],{"class":65},[47,50608,69],{"class":61},[47,50610,965],{"class":65},[47,50612,69],{"class":61},[47,50614,7669],{"class":65},[47,50616,1402],{"class":61},[47,50618,50619],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,50620,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,50622,50623,50625,50627,50629,50631,50633,50635],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,50624,167],{"class":166},[47,50626,170],{"class":61},[47,50628,1698],{"class":166},[47,50630,170],{"class":61},[47,50632,34589],{"class":173},[47,50634,5235],{"class":61},[47,50636,50637],{"class":1494},"   # 5\n",[47,50639,50640,50642,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,50641,167],{"class":166},[47,50643,170],{"class":61},[47,50645,1698],{"class":166},[47,50647,170],{"class":61},[47,50649,7684],{"class":173},[47,50651,5235],{"class":61},[47,50653,50654],{"class":1494},"  # 3\n",[14,50656,1967,50657,50659],{},[44,50658,42242],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[32,50661,50663],{"id":50662},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50665,50666,50668],{},[44,50667,42242],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50670,50671],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[291,50673,50674,50677,50680,50683],{},[294,50675,50676],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[294,50678,50679],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[294,50681,50682],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[294,50684,50685],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50687,2083],{},[37,50689,50691],{"className":39,"code":50690,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[44,50692,50693,50705,50730,50762,50782,50786,50803,50820,50837],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,50694,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50696,7751],{"class":53},[47,50698,58],{"class":57},[47,50700,136],{"class":125},[47,50702,7551],{"class":129},[47,50704,3230],{"class":125},[47,50706,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723,50725,50728],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50708,54],{"class":53},[47,50710,58],{"class":57},[47,50712,957],{"class":61},[47,50714,960],{"class":65},[47,50716,69],{"class":61},[47,50718,965],{"class":65},[47,50720,69],{"class":61},[47,50722,7669],{"class":65},[47,50724,69],{"class":61},[47,50726,50727],{"class":65}," 40",[47,50729,1402],{"class":61},[47,50731,50732,50734,50736,50738,50740,50742,50744,50746,50748,50750,50752,50754,50756,50758,50760],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,50733,392],{"class":53},[47,50735,58],{"class":57},[47,50737,10366],{"class":61},[47,50739,126],{"class":125},[47,50741,21],{"class":129},[47,50743,126],{"class":125},[47,50745,2760],{"class":61},[47,50747,1242],{"class":65},[47,50749,69],{"class":61},[47,50751,136],{"class":125},[47,50753,139],{"class":129},[47,50755,126],{"class":125},[47,50757,2760],{"class":61},[47,50759,72],{"class":65},[47,50761,9184],{"class":61},[47,50763,50764,50766,50768,50770,50772,50774,50776,50778,50780],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,50765,1196],{"class":53},[47,50767,58],{"class":57},[47,50769,10366],{"class":61},[47,50771,104],{"class":65},[47,50773,69],{"class":61},[47,50775,37525],{"class":65},[47,50777,69],{"class":61},[47,50779,5868],{"class":65},[47,50781,9184],{"class":61},[47,50783,50784],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,50785,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,50787,50788,50790,50792,50794,50796,50798,50800],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,50789,167],{"class":166},[47,50791,170],{"class":61},[47,50793,1698],{"class":166},[47,50795,170],{"class":61},[47,50797,7542],{"class":173},[47,50799,5235],{"class":61},[47,50801,50802],{"class":1494},"     # 3\n",[47,50804,50805,50807,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,50806,167],{"class":166},[47,50808,170],{"class":61},[47,50810,1698],{"class":166},[47,50812,170],{"class":61},[47,50814,174],{"class":173},[47,50816,5235],{"class":61},[47,50818,50819],{"class":1494},"  # 4\n",[47,50821,50822,50824,50826,50828,50830,50832,50834],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,50823,167],{"class":166},[47,50825,170],{"class":61},[47,50827,1698],{"class":166},[47,50829,170],{"class":61},[47,50831,424],{"class":173},[47,50833,5235],{"class":61},[47,50835,50836],{"class":1494},"     # 2\n",[47,50838,50839,50841,50843,50845,50847,50849,50851],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,50840,167],{"class":166},[47,50842,170],{"class":61},[47,50844,1698],{"class":166},[47,50846,170],{"class":61},[47,50848,1221],{"class":173},[47,50850,5235],{"class":61},[47,50852,50853],{"class":1494},"   # 3\n",[14,50855,50856,50857,2064,50861,16949,50865,30],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[21,50858,50860],{"href":50859},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[21,50862,50864],{"href":50863},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[21,50866,9034],{"href":9033},[32,50868,2032],{"id":2031},[14,50870,2035],{},[37,50872,50874],{"className":39,"code":50873,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"len(object)\n",[44,50875,50876],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,50877,50878,50880,50882,50884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50879,1698],{"class":166},[47,50881,170],{"class":61},[47,50883,42280],{"class":118},[47,50885,80],{"class":61},[14,50887,50888],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,50890,50891],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[291,50893,50894,50896,50898,50900,50902],{},[294,50895,37789],{},[294,50897,37783],{},[294,50899,37786],{},[294,50901,37792],{},[294,50903,50904],{},"a dictionary",[14,50906,2083],{},[37,50908,50910],{"className":39,"code":50909,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[44,50911,50912,50933,50957,50979],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,50913,50914,50916,50918,50920,50922,50924,50926,50928,50930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50915,167],{"class":166},[47,50917,170],{"class":61},[47,50919,1698],{"class":166},[47,50921,170],{"class":61},[47,50923,126],{"class":125},[47,50925,41],{"class":129},[47,50927,126],{"class":125},[47,50929,5235],{"class":61},[47,50931,50932],{"class":1494},"      # 6\n",[47,50934,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50936,167],{"class":166},[47,50938,170],{"class":61},[47,50940,1698],{"class":166},[47,50942,122],{"class":61},[47,50944,66],{"class":65},[47,50946,69],{"class":61},[47,50948,72],{"class":65},[47,50950,69],{"class":61},[47,50952,77],{"class":65},[47,50954,4610],{"class":61},[47,50956,50802],{"class":1494},[47,50958,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971,50973,50976],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,50960,167],{"class":166},[47,50962,170],{"class":61},[47,50964,1698],{"class":166},[47,50966,5384],{"class":61},[47,50968,960],{"class":65},[47,50970,69],{"class":61},[47,50972,965],{"class":65},[47,50974,50975],{"class":61},")))",[47,50977,50978],{"class":1494},"      # 2\n",[47,50980,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997,50999,51002],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,50982,167],{"class":166},[47,50984,170],{"class":61},[47,50986,1698],{"class":166},[47,50988,5403],{"class":61},[47,50990,126],{"class":125},[47,50992,2049],{"class":129},[47,50994,126],{"class":125},[47,50996,2760],{"class":61},[47,50998,1242],{"class":65},[47,51000,51001],{"class":61},"}))",[47,51003,51004],{"class":1494},"      # 1\n",[32,51006,51008],{"id":51007},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51010,51011,51012,51014],{},"When you use ",[44,51013,42242],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51016,51017],{},"That includes:",[291,51019,51020,51022,51024],{},[294,51021,1142],{},[294,51023,10327],{},[294,51025,51026],{},"punctuation",[14,51028,2083],{},[37,51030,51032],{"className":39,"code":51031,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[44,51033,51034,51047],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51035,51036,51038,51040,51042,51045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51037,34568],{"class":53},[47,51039,58],{"class":57},[47,51041,136],{"class":125},[47,51043,51044],{"class":129},"Hi there!",[47,51046,3230],{"class":125},[47,51048,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51050,167],{"class":166},[47,51052,170],{"class":61},[47,51054,1698],{"class":166},[47,51056,170],{"class":61},[47,51058,34589],{"class":173},[47,51060,5235],{"class":61},[47,51062,51063],{"class":1494},"  # 9\n",[14,51065,51066,51067,2368],{},"Why is the result ",[44,51068,2018],{},[291,51070,51071,51077,51081,51084],{},[294,51072,51073,51076],{},[44,51074,51075],{},"H"," = 1",[294,51078,51079,51076],{},[44,51080,36035],{},[294,51082,51083],{},"space = 1",[294,51085,51086,51089],{},[44,51087,51088],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51091,51092,51093],{},"Total: ",[44,51094,2018],{},[14,51096,51097,51098,2760],{},"An empty string has length ",[44,51099,1237],{},[37,51101,51103],{"className":39,"code":51102,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[44,51104,51105,51114],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51106,51107,51110,51112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51108,51109],{"class":53},"empty_text ",[47,51111,58],{"class":57},[47,51113,7756],{"class":125},[47,51115,51116,51118,51120,51122,51124,51127,51129],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51117,167],{"class":166},[47,51119,170],{"class":61},[47,51121,1698],{"class":166},[47,51123,170],{"class":61},[47,51125,51126],{"class":173},"empty_text",[47,51128,5235],{"class":61},[47,51130,51131],{"class":1494},"  # 0\n",[14,51133,51134],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[37,51136,51138],{"className":39,"code":51137,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[44,51139,51140,51153,51157,51177],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51141,51142,51145,51147,51149,51151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51143,51144],{"class":53},"user_name ",[47,51146,58],{"class":57},[47,51148,136],{"class":125},[47,51150,4879],{"class":129},[47,51152,3230],{"class":125},[47,51154,51155],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51156,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,51158,51159,51161,51163,51165,51168,51170,51173,51175],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,51160,6871],{"class":3749},[47,51162,38267],{"class":166},[47,51164,170],{"class":61},[47,51166,51167],{"class":173},"user_name",[47,51169,3533],{"class":61},[47,51171,51172],{"class":57}," >=",[47,51174,77],{"class":65},[47,51176,6268],{"class":61},[47,51178,51179,51181,51183,51185,51188,51190],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51180,7944],{"class":166},[47,51182,170],{"class":61},[47,51184,126],{"class":125},[47,51186,51187],{"class":129},"Name is long enough",[47,51189,126],{"class":125},[47,51191,80],{"class":61},[32,51193,51195],{"id":51194},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51197,51198,51199,51201],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[44,51200,42242],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51203,51204],{},"Example with a list:",[37,51206,51208],{"className":39,"code":51207,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[44,51209,51210,51242],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51211,51212,51214,51216,51218,51220,51222,51224,51226,51228,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51213,823],{"class":53},[47,51215,58],{"class":57},[47,51217,957],{"class":61},[47,51219,126],{"class":125},[47,51221,832],{"class":129},[47,51223,126],{"class":125},[47,51225,69],{"class":61},[47,51227,136],{"class":125},[47,51229,841],{"class":129},[47,51231,126],{"class":125},[47,51233,69],{"class":61},[47,51235,136],{"class":125},[47,51237,850],{"class":129},[47,51239,126],{"class":125},[47,51241,1402],{"class":61},[47,51243,51244,51246,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51245,167],{"class":166},[47,51247,170],{"class":61},[47,51249,1698],{"class":166},[47,51251,170],{"class":61},[47,51253,863],{"class":173},[47,51255,5235],{"class":61},[47,51257,50654],{"class":1494},[14,51259,37798],{},[37,51261,51263],{"className":39,"code":51262,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[44,51264,51265,51282],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51266,51267,51270,51272,51274,51276,51278,51280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51268,51269],{"class":53},"point ",[47,51271,58],{"class":57},[47,51273,62],{"class":61},[47,51275,960],{"class":65},[47,51277,69],{"class":61},[47,51279,965],{"class":65},[47,51281,80],{"class":61},[47,51283,51284,51286,51288,51290,51292,51295,51297],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51285,167],{"class":166},[47,51287,170],{"class":61},[47,51289,1698],{"class":166},[47,51291,170],{"class":61},[47,51293,51294],{"class":173},"point",[47,51296,5235],{"class":61},[47,51298,51299],{"class":1494},"  # 2\n",[14,51301,51302],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[37,51304,51306],{"className":39,"code":51305,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[44,51307,51308,51332,51336,51354],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51309,51310,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51311,7654],{"class":53},[47,51313,58],{"class":57},[47,51315,957],{"class":61},[47,51317,126],{"class":125},[47,51319,405],{"class":129},[47,51321,126],{"class":125},[47,51323,69],{"class":61},[47,51325,136],{"class":125},[47,51327,3960],{"class":129},[47,51329,126],{"class":125},[47,51331,1402],{"class":61},[47,51333,51334],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51335,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,51337,51338,51340,51342,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,51339,6871],{"class":3749},[47,51341,38267],{"class":166},[47,51343,170],{"class":61},[47,51345,7684],{"class":173},[47,51347,3533],{"class":61},[47,51349,38276],{"class":57},[47,51351,1242],{"class":65},[47,51353,6268],{"class":61},[47,51355,51356,51358,51360,51362,51364,51366,51368],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51357,7944],{"class":166},[47,51359,170],{"class":61},[47,51361,7684],{"class":173},[47,51363,3773],{"class":61},[47,51365,66],{"class":65},[47,51367,20323],{"class":61},[47,51369,51370],{"class":1494},"  # banana\n",[14,51372,51373],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[37,51375,51377],{"className":39,"code":51376,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[44,51378,51379,51402],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51380,51381,51383,51385,51387,51390,51392,51395,51397,51400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51382,4939],{"class":53},[47,51384,58],{"class":57},[47,51386,957],{"class":61},[47,51388,51389],{"class":65},"88",[47,51391,69],{"class":61},[47,51393,51394],{"class":65}," 91",[47,51396,69],{"class":61},[47,51398,51399],{"class":65}," 75",[47,51401,1402],{"class":61},[47,51403,51404,51406,51408,51410,51413,51415,51417,51419,51421,51423],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51405,167],{"class":166},[47,51407,170],{"class":61},[47,51409,126],{"class":125},[47,51411,51412],{"class":129},"Number of scores:",[47,51414,126],{"class":125},[47,51416,69],{"class":61},[47,51418,38267],{"class":166},[47,51420,170],{"class":61},[47,51422,16267],{"class":173},[47,51424,506],{"class":61},[14,51426,51427,51428,30],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[21,51429,51431],{"href":51430},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[32,51433,51435],{"id":51434},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51437,51438,51439,51441],{},"For dictionaries, ",[44,51440,42242],{}," counts keys.",[37,51443,51445],{"className":39,"code":51444,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[44,51446,51447,51455,51473,51487,51503,51507,51511],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51448,51449,51451,51453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51450,12743],{"class":53},[47,51452,58],{"class":57},[47,51454,11371],{"class":61},[47,51456,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465,51467,51469,51471],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51458,11376],{"class":125},[47,51460,7542],{"class":129},[47,51462,126],{"class":125},[47,51464,2760],{"class":61},[47,51466,136],{"class":125},[47,51468,7796],{"class":129},[47,51470,126],{"class":125},[47,51472,11392],{"class":61},[47,51474,51475,51477,51479,51481,51483,51485],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,51476,11376],{"class":125},[47,51478,9174],{"class":129},[47,51480,126],{"class":125},[47,51482,2760],{"class":61},[47,51484,30821],{"class":65},[47,51486,11392],{"class":61},[47,51488,51489,51491,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51490,11376],{"class":125},[47,51492,19768],{"class":129},[47,51494,126],{"class":125},[47,51496,2760],{"class":61},[47,51498,136],{"class":125},[47,51500,22121],{"class":129},[47,51502,3230],{"class":125},[47,51504,51505],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,51506,9184],{"class":61},[47,51508,51509],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,51510,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,51512,51513,51515,51517,51519,51521,51523,51525],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,51514,167],{"class":166},[47,51516,170],{"class":61},[47,51518,1698],{"class":166},[47,51520,170],{"class":61},[47,51522,13504],{"class":173},[47,51524,5235],{"class":61},[47,51526,50654],{"class":1494},[14,51528,51529,51530,51532],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[44,51531,42242],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51534,51535,51536,51538],{},"For sets, ",[44,51537,42242],{}," counts unique items:",[37,51540,51542],{"className":39,"code":51541,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[44,51543,51544,51572],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51545,51546,51548,51550,51552,51554,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564,51566,51568,51570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51547,54],{"class":53},[47,51549,58],{"class":57},[47,51551,10366],{"class":61},[47,51553,66],{"class":65},[47,51555,69],{"class":61},[47,51557,72],{"class":65},[47,51559,69],{"class":61},[47,51561,77],{"class":65},[47,51563,69],{"class":61},[47,51565,77],{"class":65},[47,51567,69],{"class":61},[47,51569,72],{"class":65},[47,51571,9184],{"class":61},[47,51573,51574,51576,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51575,167],{"class":166},[47,51577,170],{"class":61},[47,51579,1698],{"class":166},[47,51581,170],{"class":61},[47,51583,174],{"class":173},[47,51585,5235],{"class":61},[47,51587,50654],{"class":1494},[14,51589,51590],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51592,51593],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[37,51595,51597],{"className":39,"code":51596,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[44,51598,51599,51607,51611,51629],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51600,51601,51603,51605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51602,392],{"class":53},[47,51604,58],{"class":57},[47,51606,9713],{"class":61},[47,51608,51609],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51610,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,51612,51613,51615,51617,51619,51621,51623,51625,51627],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,51614,6871],{"class":3749},[47,51616,38267],{"class":166},[47,51618,170],{"class":61},[47,51620,424],{"class":173},[47,51622,3533],{"class":61},[47,51624,6283],{"class":57},[47,51626,3706],{"class":65},[47,51628,6268],{"class":61},[47,51630,51631,51633,51635,51637,51640,51642],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51632,7944],{"class":166},[47,51634,170],{"class":61},[47,51636,126],{"class":125},[47,51638,51639],{"class":129},"The dictionary is empty",[47,51641,126],{"class":125},[47,51643,80],{"class":61},[32,51645,40927],{"id":40926},[14,51647,51648,51649,30],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[44,51650,42242],{},[773,51652,51654],{"id":51653},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[37,51656,51658],{"className":39,"code":51657,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[44,51659,51660,51668,51672,51690],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51661,51662,51664,51666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51663,7654],{"class":53},[47,51665,58],{"class":57},[47,51667,7713],{"class":61},[47,51669,51670],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51671,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,51673,51674,51676,51678,51680,51682,51684,51686,51688],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,51675,6871],{"class":3749},[47,51677,38267],{"class":166},[47,51679,170],{"class":61},[47,51681,7684],{"class":173},[47,51683,3533],{"class":61},[47,51685,6283],{"class":57},[47,51687,3706],{"class":65},[47,51689,6268],{"class":61},[47,51691,51692,51694,51696,51698,51701,51703],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51693,7944],{"class":166},[47,51695,170],{"class":61},[47,51697,126],{"class":125},[47,51699,51700],{"class":129},"The list is empty",[47,51702,126],{"class":125},[47,51704,80],{"class":61},[773,51706,51708],{"id":51707},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[37,51710,51712],{"className":39,"code":51711,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[44,51713,51714,51733],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51715,51716,51718,51720,51722,51724,51726,51729,51731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51717,1589],{"class":53},[47,51719,58],{"class":57},[47,51721,8118],{"class":166},[47,51723,170],{"class":61},[47,51725,126],{"class":125},[47,51727,51728],{"class":129},"Enter a word: ",[47,51730,126],{"class":125},[47,51732,80],{"class":61},[47,51734,51735,51737,51739,51741,51744,51746,51748,51750,51752,51754],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51736,167],{"class":166},[47,51738,170],{"class":61},[47,51740,126],{"class":125},[47,51742,51743],{"class":129},"Number of characters:",[47,51745,126],{"class":125},[47,51747,69],{"class":61},[47,51749,38267],{"class":166},[47,51751,170],{"class":61},[47,51753,1610],{"class":173},[47,51755,506],{"class":61},[773,51757,51759],{"id":51758},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[37,51761,51763],{"className":39,"code":51762,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[44,51764,51765,51779,51783,51801,51816,51822],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51766,51767,51770,51772,51774,51777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51768,51769],{"class":53},"password ",[47,51771,58],{"class":57},[47,51773,136],{"class":125},[47,51775,51776],{"class":129},"secret123",[47,51778,3230],{"class":125},[47,51780,51781],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51782,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,51784,51785,51787,51789,51791,51793,51795,51797,51799],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,51786,6871],{"class":3749},[47,51788,38267],{"class":166},[47,51790,170],{"class":61},[47,51792,17497],{"class":173},[47,51794,3533],{"class":61},[47,51796,51172],{"class":57},[47,51798,6234],{"class":65},[47,51800,6268],{"class":61},[47,51802,51803,51805,51807,51809,51812,51814],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51804,7944],{"class":166},[47,51806,170],{"class":61},[47,51808,126],{"class":125},[47,51810,51811],{"class":129},"Password length is valid",[47,51813,126],{"class":125},[47,51815,80],{"class":61},[47,51817,51818,51820],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,51819,27311],{"class":3749},[47,51821,6268],{"class":61},[47,51823,51824,51826,51828,51830,51833,51835],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,51825,7944],{"class":166},[47,51827,170],{"class":61},[47,51829,126],{"class":125},[47,51831,51832],{"class":129},"Password is too short",[47,51834,126],{"class":125},[47,51836,80],{"class":61},[773,51838,51840],{"id":51839},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[37,51842,51844],{"className":39,"code":51843,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[44,51845,51846,51882],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51847,51848,51851,51853,51855,51857,51860,51862,51864,51866,51869,51871,51873,51875,51878,51880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51849,51850],{"class":53},"results ",[47,51852,58],{"class":57},[47,51854,957],{"class":61},[47,51856,126],{"class":125},[47,51858,51859],{"class":129},"item1",[47,51861,126],{"class":125},[47,51863,69],{"class":61},[47,51865,136],{"class":125},[47,51867,51868],{"class":129},"item2",[47,51870,126],{"class":125},[47,51872,69],{"class":61},[47,51874,136],{"class":125},[47,51876,51877],{"class":129},"item3",[47,51879,126],{"class":125},[47,51881,1402],{"class":61},[47,51883,51884,51886,51888,51890,51893,51895,51897,51899,51901,51904],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51885,167],{"class":166},[47,51887,170],{"class":61},[47,51889,126],{"class":125},[47,51891,51892],{"class":129},"Items found:",[47,51894,126],{"class":125},[47,51896,69],{"class":61},[47,51898,38267],{"class":166},[47,51900,170],{"class":61},[47,51902,51903],{"class":173},"results",[47,51905,506],{"class":61},[14,51907,51908],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[32,51910,51912],{"id":51911},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,51914,51915,51917],{},[44,51916,42242],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,51919,51920,51921,2760],{},"These will raise a ",[44,51922,2879],{},[291,51924,51925,51928,51931],{},[294,51926,51927],{},"plain integers",[294,51929,51930],{},"floats",[294,51932,51933],{},[44,51934,3652],{},[14,51936,2083],{},[37,51938,51940],{"className":39,"code":51939,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(len(5))\n",[44,51941,51942],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51943,51944,51946,51948,51950,51952,51954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51945,167],{"class":166},[47,51947,170],{"class":61},[47,51949,1698],{"class":166},[47,51951,170],{"class":61},[47,51953,104],{"class":65},[47,51955,506],{"class":61},[14,51957,51958,51959,51961],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[44,51960,104],{}," does not have a length.",[14,51963,51964],{},"Another example:",[37,51966,51968],{"className":39,"code":51967,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(len(3.14))\n",[44,51969,51970],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51971,51972,51974,51976,51978,51980,51982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51973,167],{"class":166},[47,51975,170],{"class":61},[47,51977,1698],{"class":166},[47,51979,170],{"class":61},[47,51981,40024],{"class":65},[47,51983,506],{"class":61},[14,51985,51986,51987,2760],{},"And with ",[44,51988,3652],{},[37,51990,51992],{"className":39,"code":51991,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[44,51993,51994,52002],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,51995,51996,51998,52000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51997,588],{"class":53},[47,51999,58],{"class":57},[47,52001,48411],{"class":412},[47,52003,52004,52006,52008,52010,52012,52014],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52005,167],{"class":166},[47,52007,170],{"class":61},[47,52009,1698],{"class":166},[47,52011,170],{"class":61},[47,52013,605],{"class":173},[47,52015,506],{"class":61},[14,52017,52018,52019,30],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[21,52020,52022],{"href":52021},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[32,52024,52026],{"id":52025},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52028,52029,52030,52032],{},"Before using ",[44,52031,42242],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52034,52035],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[37,52037,52039],{"className":39,"code":52038,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[44,52040,52041,52049,52053,52063,52077,52095,52113],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,52042,52043,52045,52047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52044,588],{"class":53},[47,52046,58],{"class":57},[47,52048,48411],{"class":412},[47,52050,52051],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52052,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,52054,52055,52057,52059,52061],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52056,167],{"class":166},[47,52058,170],{"class":61},[47,52060,605],{"class":173},[47,52062,80],{"class":61},[47,52064,52065,52067,52069,52071,52073,52075],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52066,167],{"class":166},[47,52068,170],{"class":61},[47,52070,499],{"class":118},[47,52072,170],{"class":61},[47,52074,605],{"class":173},[47,52076,506],{"class":61},[47,52078,52079,52081,52083,52085,52087,52089,52091,52093],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,52080,167],{"class":166},[47,52082,170],{"class":61},[47,52084,48759],{"class":166},[47,52086,170],{"class":61},[47,52088,605],{"class":173},[47,52090,69],{"class":61},[47,52092,48788],{"class":118},[47,52094,506],{"class":61},[47,52096,52097,52099,52101,52103,52105,52107,52109,52111],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,52098,167],{"class":166},[47,52100,170],{"class":61},[47,52102,48759],{"class":166},[47,52104,170],{"class":61},[47,52106,605],{"class":173},[47,52108,69],{"class":61},[47,52110,22436],{"class":118},[47,52112,506],{"class":61},[47,52114,52115,52117,52119,52121,52123,52125,52127,52129],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,52116,167],{"class":166},[47,52118,170],{"class":61},[47,52120,48759],{"class":166},[47,52122,170],{"class":61},[47,52124,605],{"class":173},[47,52126,69],{"class":61},[47,52128,9048],{"class":118},[47,52130,506],{"class":61},[14,52132,52133],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52135,52136],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[37,52138,52140],{"className":39,"code":52139,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[44,52141,52142,52154,52158,52172],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,52143,52144,52146,52148,52150,52152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52145,588],{"class":53},[47,52147,58],{"class":57},[47,52149,136],{"class":125},[47,52151,3718],{"class":129},[47,52153,3230],{"class":125},[47,52155,52156],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52157,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,52159,52160,52162,52164,52166,52168,52170],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52161,6871],{"class":3749},[47,52163,21460],{"class":53},[47,52165,12073],{"class":57},[47,52167,7975],{"class":57},[47,52169,3725],{"class":412},[47,52171,6268],{"class":61},[47,52173,52174,52176,52178,52180,52182,52184],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52175,7944],{"class":166},[47,52177,170],{"class":61},[47,52179,1698],{"class":166},[47,52181,170],{"class":61},[47,52183,605],{"class":173},[47,52185,506],{"class":61},[14,52187,52188,52189,30],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[21,52190,8319],{"href":2176},[32,52192,1284],{"id":1283},[14,52194,22971,52195,2760],{},[44,52196,42242],{},[291,52198,52199,52207,52215,52223,52229],{},[294,52200,8294,52201,52203,52204],{},[44,52202,42242],{}," on an integer like ",[44,52205,52206],{},"len(5)",[294,52208,8294,52209,52211,52212],{},[44,52210,42242],{}," on a float like ",[44,52213,52214],{},"len(3.14)",[294,52216,8294,52217,52219,52220,52222],{},[44,52218,42242],{}," on ",[44,52221,3652],{}," after a function returns nothing",[294,52224,4454,52225,52228],{},[44,52226,52227],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[294,52230,52231],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52233,52234],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[37,52236,52238],{"className":39,"code":52237,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[44,52239,52240,52276],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,52241,52242,52244,52246,52248,52250,52252,52254,52256,52258,52260,52262,52264,52266,52268,52270,52272,52274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52243,13082],{"class":53},[47,52245,58],{"class":57},[47,52247,10366],{"class":61},[47,52249,126],{"class":125},[47,52251,7542],{"class":129},[47,52253,126],{"class":125},[47,52255,2760],{"class":61},[47,52257,136],{"class":125},[47,52259,12760],{"class":129},[47,52261,126],{"class":125},[47,52263,69],{"class":61},[47,52265,136],{"class":125},[47,52267,9174],{"class":129},[47,52269,126],{"class":125},[47,52271,2760],{"class":61},[47,52273,965],{"class":65},[47,52275,9184],{"class":61},[47,52277,52278,52280,52282,52284,52286,52288,52290],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52279,167],{"class":166},[47,52281,170],{"class":61},[47,52283,1698],{"class":166},[47,52285,170],{"class":61},[47,52287,17184],{"class":173},[47,52289,5235],{"class":61},[47,52291,51299],{"class":1494},[14,52293,37476,52294,52296,52297,4267,52299,30],{},[44,52295,1931],{}," because there are two keys: ",[44,52298,15117],{},[44,52300,52301],{},"\"age\"",[14,52303,52304],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[37,52306,52308],{"className":39,"code":52307,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[44,52309,52310,52323],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,52311,52312,52314,52316,52318,52321],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52313,34568],{"class":53},[47,52315,58],{"class":57},[47,52317,136],{"class":125},[47,52319,52320],{"class":129},"a b",[47,52322,3230],{"class":125},[47,52324,52325,52327,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52326,167],{"class":166},[47,52328,170],{"class":61},[47,52330,1698],{"class":166},[47,52332,170],{"class":61},[47,52334,34589],{"class":173},[47,52336,5235],{"class":61},[47,52338,50654],{"class":1494},[14,52340,52341],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[32,52343,1708],{"id":1707},[773,52345,52347],{"id":52346},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52349,52350],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[773,52352,52354],{"id":52353},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52356,52357],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[773,52359,52361],{"id":52360},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52363,52364],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[773,52366,52368],{"id":52367},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52370,52371,52372,52374,52375,25,52377,52379,52380,30],{},"No. Using ",[44,52373,42242],{}," on an ",[44,52376,644],{},[44,52378,2067],{}," raises a ",[44,52381,2879],{},[773,52383,52385],{"id":52384},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52387,7637,52388,30],{},[44,52389,52390],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52392,2083],{},[37,52394,52396],{"className":39,"code":52395,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[44,52397,52398,52406,52410,52428],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,52399,52400,52402,52404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52401,8184],{"class":53},[47,52403,58],{"class":57},[47,52405,7713],{"class":61},[47,52407,52408],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52409,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,52411,52412,52414,52416,52418,52420,52422,52424,52426],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52413,6871],{"class":3749},[47,52415,38267],{"class":166},[47,52417,170],{"class":61},[47,52419,8215],{"class":173},[47,52421,3533],{"class":61},[47,52423,6283],{"class":57},[47,52425,3706],{"class":65},[47,52427,6268],{"class":61},[47,52429,52430,52432,52434,52436,52439,52441],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52431,7944],{"class":166},[47,52433,170],{"class":61},[47,52435,126],{"class":125},[47,52437,52438],{"class":129},"Empty list",[47,52440,126],{"class":125},[47,52442,80],{"class":61},[14,52444,52445,52446,52448,52449,52451,52452,52454],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[44,52447,3546],{}," in an ",[44,52450,6871],{}," statement, but ",[44,52453,42242],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[32,52456,1758],{"id":1757},[291,52458,52459,52463,52467,52471,52476,52480,52486],{},[294,52460,52461],{},[21,52462,50860],{"href":50859},[294,52464,52465],{},[21,52466,50864],{"href":50863},[294,52468,52469],{},[21,52470,9034],{"href":9033},[294,52472,52473],{},[21,52474,52475],{"href":51430},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[294,52477,52478],{},[21,52479,8319],{"href":2176},[294,52481,52482],{},[21,52483,52485],{"href":52484},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[294,52487,52488],{},[21,52489,52490],{"href":52021},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1796,52492,52493],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":52495},[52496,52497,52498,52499,52500,52501,52502,52508,52509,52510,52511,52518],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":50662,"depth":83,"text":50663},{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":51007,"depth":83,"text":51008},{"id":51194,"depth":83,"text":51195},{"id":51434,"depth":83,"text":51435},{"id":40926,"depth":83,"text":40927,"children":52503},[52504,52505,52506,52507],{"id":51653,"depth":94,"text":51654},{"id":51707,"depth":94,"text":51708},{"id":51758,"depth":94,"text":51759},{"id":51839,"depth":94,"text":51840},{"id":51911,"depth":83,"text":51912},{"id":52025,"depth":83,"text":52026},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":52512},[52513,52514,52515,52516,52517],{"id":52346,"depth":94,"text":52347},{"id":52353,"depth":94,"text":52354},{"id":52360,"depth":94,"text":52361},{"id":52367,"depth":94,"text":52368},{"id":52384,"depth":94,"text":52385},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50545,"description":52519},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52526,"title":52527,"body":52528,"description":54213,"extension":1837,"meta":54214,"navigation":159,"path":54215,"seo":54216,"stem":54217,"__hash__":54218},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52529,"toc":54186},[52530,52533,52547,52553,52555,52609,52614,52618,52634,52637,52651,52657,52659,52662,52681,52697,52699,52775,52777,52814,52825,52827,52830,52891,52893,52926,52929,52935,52939,52942,53067,53069,53128,53136,53189,53191,53218,53224,53234,53238,53241,53246,53298,53300,53326,53332,53386,53388,53413,53416,53440,53446,53448,53452,53454,53511,53513,53521,53523,53545,53547,53600,53602,53626,53630,53632,53671,53673,53681,53687,53691,53743,53745,53771,53779,53783,53788,53797,53799,53865,53867,53899,53903,53908,53910,53924,53927,54000,54002,54028,54030,54034,54041,54045,54052,54056,54059,54061,54114,54116,54142,54146,54155,54157,54183],[10,52531,52527],{"id":52532},"python-list-append-method",[14,52534,1854,52535,52538,52539,52542,52543,52546],{},[44,52536,52537],{},"append()"," method adds ",[575,52540,52541],{},"one item"," to the ",[575,52544,52545],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52548,52549,52550,52552],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[575,52551,577],{}," create a new list.",[32,52554,3482],{"id":3481},[37,52556,52558],{"className":39,"code":52557,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,52559,52560,52580,52594,52604],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,52561,52562,52564,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52563,54],{"class":53},[47,52565,58],{"class":57},[47,52567,957],{"class":61},[47,52569,66],{"class":65},[47,52571,69],{"class":61},[47,52573,72],{"class":65},[47,52575,69],{"class":61},[47,52577,77],{"class":65},[47,52579,1402],{"class":61},[47,52581,52582,52584,52586,52588,52590,52592],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52583,174],{"class":53},[47,52585,30],{"class":61},[47,52587,13431],{"class":173},[47,52589,170],{"class":61},[47,52591,1210],{"class":65},[47,52593,80],{"class":61},[47,52595,52596,52598,52600,52602],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52597,167],{"class":166},[47,52599,170],{"class":61},[47,52601,174],{"class":173},[47,52603,80],{"class":61},[47,52605,52606],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52607,52608],{"class":1494},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52610,1967,52611,52613],{},[44,52612,52537],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[32,52615,52617],{"id":52616},"what-append-does","What append() does",[291,52619,52620,52625,52628,52631],{},[294,52621,52622,52624],{},[44,52623,52537],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[294,52626,52627],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[294,52629,52630],{},"It does not create a new list",[294,52632,52633],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52635,52636],{},"This means you can append:",[291,52638,52639,52641,52643,52645,52647,52649],{},[294,52640,174],{},[294,52642,812],{},[294,52644,40475],{},[294,52646,5175],{},[294,52648,7125],{},[294,52650,34542],{},[14,52652,52653,52654,30],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[21,52655,52656],{"href":50863},"Python lists explained for beginners",[32,52658,5305],{"id":5304},[14,52660,52661],{},"Basic form:",[37,52663,52665],{"className":39,"code":52664,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.append(item)\n",[44,52666,52667],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,52668,52669,52671,52673,52675,52677,52679],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52670,8215],{"class":53},[47,52672,30],{"class":61},[47,52674,13431],{"class":173},[47,52676,170],{"class":61},[47,52678,1329],{"class":173},[47,52680,80],{"class":61},[291,52682,52683,52688,52693],{},[294,52684,52685,52687],{},[44,52686,8215],{}," is the list you want to change",[294,52689,52690,52692],{},[44,52691,1329],{}," is the value or object to add",[294,52694,11790,52695],{},[44,52696,3652],{},[14,52698,2083],{},[37,52700,52702],{"className":39,"code":52701,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[44,52703,52704,52728,52751,52755,52765],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,52705,52706,52708,52710,52712,52714,52716,52718,52720,52722,52724,52726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52707,36120],{"class":53},[47,52709,58],{"class":57},[47,52711,957],{"class":61},[47,52713,126],{"class":125},[47,52715,405],{"class":129},[47,52717,126],{"class":125},[47,52719,69],{"class":61},[47,52721,136],{"class":125},[47,52723,3960],{"class":129},[47,52725,126],{"class":125},[47,52727,1402],{"class":61},[47,52729,52730,52732,52734,52737,52739,52741,52743,52745,52747,52749],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52731,2106],{"class":53},[47,52733,58],{"class":57},[47,52735,52736],{"class":53}," fruits",[47,52738,30],{"class":61},[47,52740,13431],{"class":173},[47,52742,170],{"class":61},[47,52744,126],{"class":125},[47,52746,33100],{"class":129},[47,52748,126],{"class":125},[47,52750,80],{"class":61},[47,52752,52753],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52754,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,52756,52757,52759,52761,52763],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52758,167],{"class":166},[47,52760,170],{"class":61},[47,52762,36172],{"class":173},[47,52764,80],{"class":61},[47,52766,52767,52769,52771,52773],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,52768,167],{"class":166},[47,52770,170],{"class":61},[47,52772,2141],{"class":173},[47,52774,80],{"class":61},[14,52776,215],{},[37,52778,52780],{"className":39,"code":52779,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[44,52781,52782,52810],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,52783,52784,52786,52788,52790,52792,52794,52796,52798,52800,52802,52804,52806,52808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52785,3773],{"class":61},[47,52787,256],{"class":125},[47,52789,405],{"class":129},[47,52791,256],{"class":125},[47,52793,69],{"class":61},[47,52795,265],{"class":125},[47,52797,3960],{"class":129},[47,52799,256],{"class":125},[47,52801,69],{"class":61},[47,52803,265],{"class":125},[47,52805,33100],{"class":129},[47,52807,256],{"class":125},[47,52809,1402],{"class":61},[47,52811,52812],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52813,11687],{"class":412},[14,52815,52816,52817,52819,52820,52822,52823,30],{},"The important detail is that ",[44,52818,52537],{}," updates ",[44,52821,36172],{},", but the method itself returns ",[44,52824,3652],{},[32,52826,11353],{"id":11352},[14,52828,52829],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[37,52831,52833],{"className":39,"code":52832,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[44,52834,52835,52859,52877,52881],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,52836,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52838,823],{"class":53},[47,52840,58],{"class":57},[47,52842,957],{"class":61},[47,52844,126],{"class":125},[47,52846,832],{"class":129},[47,52848,126],{"class":125},[47,52850,69],{"class":61},[47,52852,136],{"class":125},[47,52854,850],{"class":129},[47,52856,126],{"class":125},[47,52858,1402],{"class":61},[47,52860,52861,52863,52865,52867,52869,52871,52873,52875],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52862,863],{"class":53},[47,52864,30],{"class":61},[47,52866,13431],{"class":173},[47,52868,170],{"class":61},[47,52870,126],{"class":125},[47,52872,841],{"class":129},[47,52874,126],{"class":125},[47,52876,80],{"class":61},[47,52878,52879],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52880,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,52882,52883,52885,52887,52889],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52884,167],{"class":166},[47,52886,170],{"class":61},[47,52888,863],{"class":173},[47,52890,80],{"class":61},[14,52892,215],{},[37,52894,52896],{"className":39,"code":52895,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[44,52897,52898],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,52899,52900,52902,52904,52906,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920,52922,52924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52901,3773],{"class":61},[47,52903,256],{"class":125},[47,52905,832],{"class":129},[47,52907,256],{"class":125},[47,52909,69],{"class":61},[47,52911,265],{"class":125},[47,52913,850],{"class":129},[47,52915,256],{"class":125},[47,52917,69],{"class":61},[47,52919,265],{"class":125},[47,52921,841],{"class":129},[47,52923,256],{"class":125},[47,52925,1402],{"class":61},[14,52927,52928],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,52930,30961,52931,30],{},[21,52932,52934],{"href":52933},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[32,52936,52938],{"id":52937},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,52940,52941],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[37,52943,52945],{"className":39,"code":52944,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[44,52946,52947,52955,52959,52973,52991,53005,53031,53053,53057],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,52948,52949,52951,52953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52950,7654],{"class":53},[47,52952,58],{"class":57},[47,52954,7713],{"class":61},[47,52956,52957],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52958,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,52960,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52962,7684],{"class":53},[47,52964,30],{"class":61},[47,52966,13431],{"class":173},[47,52968,170],{"class":61},[47,52970,960],{"class":65},[47,52972,80],{"class":61},[47,52974,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52976,7684],{"class":53},[47,52978,30],{"class":61},[47,52980,13431],{"class":173},[47,52982,170],{"class":61},[47,52984,126],{"class":125},[47,52986,3718],{"class":129},[47,52988,126],{"class":125},[47,52990,80],{"class":61},[47,52992,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,52994,7684],{"class":53},[47,52996,30],{"class":61},[47,52998,13431],{"class":173},[47,53000,170],{"class":61},[47,53002,3477],{"class":412},[47,53004,80],{"class":61},[47,53006,53007,53009,53011,53013,53015,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,53008,7684],{"class":53},[47,53010,30],{"class":61},[47,53012,13431],{"class":173},[47,53014,5403],{"class":61},[47,53016,126],{"class":125},[47,53018,7542],{"class":129},[47,53020,126],{"class":125},[47,53022,2760],{"class":61},[47,53024,136],{"class":125},[47,53026,7551],{"class":129},[47,53028,126],{"class":125},[47,53030,30374],{"class":61},[47,53032,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047,53049,53051],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,53034,7684],{"class":53},[47,53036,30],{"class":61},[47,53038,13431],{"class":173},[47,53040,122],{"class":61},[47,53042,66],{"class":65},[47,53044,69],{"class":61},[47,53046,72],{"class":65},[47,53048,69],{"class":61},[47,53050,77],{"class":65},[47,53052,153],{"class":61},[47,53054,53055],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,53056,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,53058,53059,53061,53063,53065],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,53060,167],{"class":166},[47,53062,170],{"class":61},[47,53064,7684],{"class":173},[47,53066,80],{"class":61},[14,53068,215],{},[37,53070,53072],{"className":39,"code":53071,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[44,53073,53074],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53075,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108,53110,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123,53125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53077,3773],{"class":61},[47,53079,960],{"class":65},[47,53081,69],{"class":61},[47,53083,265],{"class":125},[47,53085,3718],{"class":129},[47,53087,256],{"class":125},[47,53089,69],{"class":61},[47,53091,413],{"class":412},[47,53093,69],{"class":61},[47,53095,10366],{"class":61},[47,53097,256],{"class":125},[47,53099,7542],{"class":129},[47,53101,256],{"class":125},[47,53103,2760],{"class":61},[47,53105,265],{"class":125},[47,53107,7551],{"class":129},[47,53109,256],{"class":125},[47,53111,53112],{"class":61},"},",[47,53114,957],{"class":61},[47,53116,66],{"class":65},[47,53118,69],{"class":61},[47,53120,72],{"class":65},[47,53122,69],{"class":61},[47,53124,77],{"class":65},[47,53126,53127],{"class":61},"]]\n",[14,53129,53130,53131,42036,53133,30],{},"A list added with ",[44,53132,52537],{},[575,53134,53135],{},"one single item",[37,53137,53139],{"className":39,"code":53138,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,53140,53141,53157,53175,53179],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53142,53143,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53144,54],{"class":53},[47,53146,58],{"class":57},[47,53148,957],{"class":61},[47,53150,66],{"class":65},[47,53152,69],{"class":61},[47,53154,72],{"class":65},[47,53156,1402],{"class":61},[47,53158,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169,53171,53173],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53160,174],{"class":53},[47,53162,30],{"class":61},[47,53164,13431],{"class":173},[47,53166,122],{"class":61},[47,53168,1937],{"class":65},[47,53170,69],{"class":61},[47,53172,2333],{"class":65},[47,53174,153],{"class":61},[47,53176,53177],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53178,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,53180,53181,53183,53185,53187],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53182,167],{"class":166},[47,53184,170],{"class":61},[47,53186,174],{"class":173},[47,53188,80],{"class":61},[14,53190,215],{},[37,53192,53194],{"className":39,"code":53193,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[44,53195,53196],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53197,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214,53216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53199,3773],{"class":61},[47,53201,66],{"class":65},[47,53203,69],{"class":61},[47,53205,72],{"class":65},[47,53207,69],{"class":61},[47,53209,957],{"class":61},[47,53211,1937],{"class":65},[47,53213,69],{"class":61},[47,53215,2333],{"class":65},[47,53217,53127],{"class":61},[14,53219,2163,53220,53223],{},[44,53221,53222],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53225,53226,53227,53233],{},"This is different from ",[21,53228,53230],{"href":53229},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[44,53231,53232],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[32,53235,53237],{"id":53236},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53239,53240],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[773,53242,8294,53244],{"id":53243},"using-append",[44,53245,52537],{},[37,53247,53248],{"className":39,"code":53138,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,53249,53250,53266,53284,53288],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53251,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53253,54],{"class":53},[47,53255,58],{"class":57},[47,53257,957],{"class":61},[47,53259,66],{"class":65},[47,53261,69],{"class":61},[47,53263,72],{"class":65},[47,53265,1402],{"class":61},[47,53267,53268,53270,53272,53274,53276,53278,53280,53282],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53269,174],{"class":53},[47,53271,30],{"class":61},[47,53273,13431],{"class":173},[47,53275,122],{"class":61},[47,53277,1937],{"class":65},[47,53279,69],{"class":61},[47,53281,2333],{"class":65},[47,53283,153],{"class":61},[47,53285,53286],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53287,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,53289,53290,53292,53294,53296],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53291,167],{"class":166},[47,53293,170],{"class":61},[47,53295,174],{"class":173},[47,53297,80],{"class":61},[14,53299,215],{},[37,53301,53302],{"className":39,"code":53193,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,53303,53304],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53305,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322,53324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53307,3773],{"class":61},[47,53309,66],{"class":65},[47,53311,69],{"class":61},[47,53313,72],{"class":65},[47,53315,69],{"class":61},[47,53317,957],{"class":61},[47,53319,1937],{"class":65},[47,53321,69],{"class":61},[47,53323,2333],{"class":65},[47,53325,53127],{"class":61},[773,53327,8294,53329],{"id":53328},"using-extend",[44,53330,53331],{},"extend()",[37,53333,53335],{"className":39,"code":53334,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,53336,53337,53353,53372,53376],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53338,53339,53341,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53340,54],{"class":53},[47,53342,58],{"class":57},[47,53344,957],{"class":61},[47,53346,66],{"class":65},[47,53348,69],{"class":61},[47,53350,72],{"class":65},[47,53352,1402],{"class":61},[47,53354,53355,53357,53359,53362,53364,53366,53368,53370],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53356,174],{"class":53},[47,53358,30],{"class":61},[47,53360,53361],{"class":173},"extend",[47,53363,122],{"class":61},[47,53365,1937],{"class":65},[47,53367,69],{"class":61},[47,53369,2333],{"class":65},[47,53371,153],{"class":61},[47,53373,53374],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53375,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,53377,53378,53380,53382,53384],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53379,167],{"class":166},[47,53381,170],{"class":61},[47,53383,174],{"class":173},[47,53385,80],{"class":61},[14,53387,215],{},[37,53389,53391],{"className":39,"code":53390,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,53392,53393],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53394,53395,53397,53399,53401,53403,53405,53407,53409,53411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53396,3773],{"class":61},[47,53398,66],{"class":65},[47,53400,69],{"class":61},[47,53402,72],{"class":65},[47,53404,69],{"class":61},[47,53406,77],{"class":65},[47,53408,69],{"class":61},[47,53410,2333],{"class":65},[47,53412,1402],{"class":61},[14,53414,53415],{},"The difference:",[291,53417,53418,53424,53430,53435],{},[294,53419,53420,53423],{},[44,53421,53422],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[294,53425,53426,53429],{},[44,53427,53428],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[294,53431,1967,53432,53434],{},[44,53433,52537],{}," for one item",[294,53436,1967,53437,53439],{},[44,53438,53331],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53441,53442,53443,30],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[21,53444,53445],{"href":53229},"Python list extend() method",[32,53447,4393],{"id":4392},[773,53449,53451],{"id":53450},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53453,25567],{},[37,53455,53457],{"className":39,"code":53456,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[44,53458,53459,53479,53497,53501],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53460,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53462,7654],{"class":53},[47,53464,58],{"class":57},[47,53466,957],{"class":61},[47,53468,66],{"class":65},[47,53470,69],{"class":61},[47,53472,72],{"class":65},[47,53474,69],{"class":61},[47,53476,77],{"class":65},[47,53478,1402],{"class":61},[47,53480,53481,53483,53485,53487,53489,53491,53493,53495],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53482,7654],{"class":53},[47,53484,58],{"class":57},[47,53486,5840],{"class":53},[47,53488,30],{"class":61},[47,53490,13431],{"class":173},[47,53492,170],{"class":61},[47,53494,1210],{"class":65},[47,53496,80],{"class":61},[47,53498,53499],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53500,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,53502,53503,53505,53507,53509],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53504,167],{"class":166},[47,53506,170],{"class":61},[47,53508,7684],{"class":173},[47,53510,80],{"class":61},[14,53512,215],{},[37,53514,53515],{"className":39,"code":11687,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,53516,53517],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53518,53519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53520,11687],{"class":412},[14,53522,11779],{},[291,53524,53525,53530,53536],{},[294,53526,53527,53529],{},[44,53528,52537],{}," changes the list in place",[294,53531,53532,2274,53534],{},[44,53533,52537],{},[44,53535,3652],{},[294,53537,53538,53539,53542,53543],{},"So ",[44,53540,53541],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[44,53544,3652],{},[14,53546,10684],{},[37,53548,53550],{"className":39,"code":53549,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[44,53551,53552,53572,53586,53590],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53553,53554,53556,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566,53568,53570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53555,7654],{"class":53},[47,53557,58],{"class":57},[47,53559,957],{"class":61},[47,53561,66],{"class":65},[47,53563,69],{"class":61},[47,53565,72],{"class":65},[47,53567,69],{"class":61},[47,53569,77],{"class":65},[47,53571,1402],{"class":61},[47,53573,53574,53576,53578,53580,53582,53584],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53575,7684],{"class":53},[47,53577,30],{"class":61},[47,53579,13431],{"class":173},[47,53581,170],{"class":61},[47,53583,1210],{"class":65},[47,53585,80],{"class":61},[47,53587,53588],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53589,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,53591,53592,53594,53596,53598],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53593,167],{"class":166},[47,53595,170],{"class":61},[47,53597,7684],{"class":173},[47,53599,80],{"class":61},[14,53601,215],{},[37,53603,53604],{"className":39,"code":53390,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,53605,53606],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53607,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618,53620,53622,53624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53609,3773],{"class":61},[47,53611,66],{"class":65},[47,53613,69],{"class":61},[47,53615,72],{"class":65},[47,53617,69],{"class":61},[47,53619,77],{"class":65},[47,53621,69],{"class":61},[47,53623,2333],{"class":65},[47,53625,1402],{"class":61},[773,53627,53629],{"id":53628},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53631,18790],{},[37,53633,53635],{"className":39,"code":53634,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[44,53636,53637,53661],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53638,53639,53641,53643,53645,53647,53649,53651,53653,53655,53657,53659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53640,31761],{"class":53},[47,53642,58],{"class":57},[47,53644,957],{"class":61},[47,53646,66],{"class":65},[47,53648,69],{"class":61},[47,53650,72],{"class":65},[47,53652,13428],{"class":61},[47,53654,13431],{"class":173},[47,53656,170],{"class":61},[47,53658,1937],{"class":65},[47,53660,80],{"class":61},[47,53662,53663,53665,53667,53669],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53664,167],{"class":166},[47,53666,170],{"class":61},[47,53668,31780],{"class":173},[47,53670,80],{"class":61},[14,53672,215],{},[37,53674,53675],{"className":39,"code":11687,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,53676,53677],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53678,53679],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53680,11687],{"class":412},[14,53682,53683,53684,53686],{},"Remember: ",[44,53685,52537],{}," updates the list you already have.",[773,53688,53690],{"id":53689},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[37,53692,53693],{"className":39,"code":53138,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,53694,53695,53711,53729,53733],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53696,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53698,54],{"class":53},[47,53700,58],{"class":57},[47,53702,957],{"class":61},[47,53704,66],{"class":65},[47,53706,69],{"class":61},[47,53708,72],{"class":65},[47,53710,1402],{"class":61},[47,53712,53713,53715,53717,53719,53721,53723,53725,53727],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53714,174],{"class":53},[47,53716,30],{"class":61},[47,53718,13431],{"class":173},[47,53720,122],{"class":61},[47,53722,1937],{"class":65},[47,53724,69],{"class":61},[47,53726,2333],{"class":65},[47,53728,153],{"class":61},[47,53730,53731],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53732,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,53734,53735,53737,53739,53741],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53736,167],{"class":166},[47,53738,170],{"class":61},[47,53740,174],{"class":173},[47,53742,80],{"class":61},[14,53744,215],{},[37,53746,53747],{"className":39,"code":53193,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,53748,53749],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53750,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759,53761,53763,53765,53767,53769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53752,3773],{"class":61},[47,53754,66],{"class":65},[47,53756,69],{"class":61},[47,53758,72],{"class":65},[47,53760,69],{"class":61},[47,53762,957],{"class":61},[47,53764,1937],{"class":65},[47,53766,69],{"class":61},[47,53768,2333],{"class":65},[47,53770,53127],{"class":61},[14,53772,3044,53773,53776,53777,6504],{},[44,53774,53775],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[44,53778,53331],{},[773,53780,53782],{"id":53781},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53784,53785,53787],{},[44,53786,52537],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53789,53790,53791,30],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[21,53792,53794],{"href":53793},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[44,53795,53796],{},"list.insert()",[14,53798,2083],{},[37,53800,53802],{"className":39,"code":53801,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[44,53803,53804,53828,53851,53855],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53805,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820,53822,53824,53826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53807,1118],{"class":53},[47,53809,58],{"class":57},[47,53811,957],{"class":61},[47,53813,126],{"class":125},[47,53815,21],{"class":129},[47,53817,126],{"class":125},[47,53819,69],{"class":61},[47,53821,136],{"class":125},[47,53823,148],{"class":129},[47,53825,126],{"class":125},[47,53827,1402],{"class":61},[47,53829,53830,53832,53834,53837,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53831,1142],{"class":53},[47,53833,30],{"class":61},[47,53835,53836],{"class":173},"insert",[47,53838,170],{"class":61},[47,53840,66],{"class":65},[47,53842,69],{"class":61},[47,53844,136],{"class":125},[47,53846,139],{"class":129},[47,53848,126],{"class":125},[47,53850,80],{"class":61},[47,53852,53853],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53854,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,53856,53857,53859,53861,53863],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53858,167],{"class":166},[47,53860,170],{"class":61},[47,53862,1142],{"class":173},[47,53864,80],{"class":61},[14,53866,215],{},[37,53868,53869],{"className":39,"code":42757,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,53870,53871],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53872,53873,53875,53877,53879,53881,53883,53885,53887,53889,53891,53893,53895,53897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53874,3773],{"class":61},[47,53876,256],{"class":125},[47,53878,21],{"class":129},[47,53880,256],{"class":125},[47,53882,69],{"class":61},[47,53884,265],{"class":125},[47,53886,139],{"class":129},[47,53888,256],{"class":125},[47,53890,69],{"class":61},[47,53892,265],{"class":125},[47,53894,148],{"class":129},[47,53896,256],{"class":125},[47,53898,1402],{"class":61},[32,53900,53902],{"id":53901},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,53904,53905,53907],{},[44,53906,52537],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,53909,36307],{},[291,53911,53912,53915,53918,53921],{},[294,53913,53914],{},"building a list in a loop",[294,53916,53917],{},"collecting user input",[294,53919,53920],{},"storing results step by step",[294,53922,53923],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,53925,53926],{},"Example with a loop:",[37,53928,53930],{"className":39,"code":53929,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[44,53931,53932,53941,53945,53966,53985,53989],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,53933,53934,53937,53939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53935,53936],{"class":53},"squares ",[47,53938,58],{"class":57},[47,53940,7713],{"class":61},[47,53942,53943],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53944,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,53946,53947,53949,53951,53953,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53948,5832],{"class":3749},[47,53950,6261],{"class":53},[47,53952,3756],{"class":3749},[47,53954,53955],{"class":166}," range",[47,53957,170],{"class":61},[47,53959,66],{"class":65},[47,53961,69],{"class":61},[47,53963,4480],{"class":65},[47,53965,8218],{"class":61},[47,53967,53968,53971,53973,53975,53977,53979,53981,53983],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53969,53970],{"class":53},"    squares",[47,53972,30],{"class":61},[47,53974,13431],{"class":173},[47,53976,170],{"class":61},[47,53978,2093],{"class":173},[47,53980,39753],{"class":57},[47,53982,2072],{"class":173},[47,53984,80],{"class":61},[47,53986,53987],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,53988,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,53990,53991,53993,53995,53998],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,53992,167],{"class":166},[47,53994,170],{"class":61},[47,53996,53997],{"class":173},"squares",[47,53999,80],{"class":61},[14,54001,215],{},[37,54003,54005],{"className":39,"code":54004,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[44,54006,54007],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54008,54009,54011,54013,54015,54017,54019,54022,54024,54026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54010,3773],{"class":61},[47,54012,66],{"class":65},[47,54014,69],{"class":61},[47,54016,2333],{"class":65},[47,54018,69],{"class":61},[47,54020,54021],{"class":65}," 9",[47,54023,69],{"class":61},[47,54025,13866],{"class":65},[47,54027,1402],{"class":61},[32,54029,1708],{"id":1707},[773,54031,54033],{"id":54032},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54035,46248,54036,54038,54039,30],{},[44,54037,52537],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[44,54040,3652],{},[773,54042,54044],{"id":54043},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54046,54047,54048,30],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[21,54049,54050],{"href":53229},[44,54051,53331],{},[773,54053,54055],{"id":54054},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54057,54058],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54060,2083],{},[37,54062,54064],{"className":39,"code":54063,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[44,54065,54066,54082,54100,54104],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54067,54068,54070,54072,54074,54076,54078,54080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54069,392],{"class":53},[47,54071,58],{"class":57},[47,54073,957],{"class":61},[47,54075,66],{"class":65},[47,54077,69],{"class":61},[47,54079,72],{"class":65},[47,54081,1402],{"class":61},[47,54083,54084,54086,54088,54090,54092,54094,54096,54098],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54085,424],{"class":53},[47,54087,30],{"class":61},[47,54089,13431],{"class":173},[47,54091,122],{"class":61},[47,54093,1937],{"class":65},[47,54095,69],{"class":61},[47,54097,2333],{"class":65},[47,54099,153],{"class":61},[47,54101,54102],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54103,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,54105,54106,54108,54110,54112],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54107,167],{"class":166},[47,54109,170],{"class":61},[47,54111,424],{"class":173},[47,54113,80],{"class":61},[14,54115,215],{},[37,54117,54118],{"className":39,"code":53193,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,54119,54120],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54121,54122,54124,54126,54128,54130,54132,54134,54136,54138,54140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54123,3773],{"class":61},[47,54125,66],{"class":65},[47,54127,69],{"class":61},[47,54129,72],{"class":65},[47,54131,69],{"class":61},[47,54133,957],{"class":61},[47,54135,1937],{"class":65},[47,54137,69],{"class":61},[47,54139,2333],{"class":65},[47,54141,53127],{"class":61},[773,54143,54145],{"id":54144},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54147,54148,54150,54151,54154],{},[44,54149,52537],{}," adds at the end. ",[44,54152,54153],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[32,54156,1758],{"id":1757},[291,54158,54159,54164,54168,54173,54177],{},[294,54160,54161],{},[21,54162,54163],{"href":52933},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[294,54165,54166],{},[21,54167,53445],{"href":53229},[294,54169,54170],{},[21,54171,54172],{"href":53793},"Python list insert() method",[294,54174,54175],{},[21,54176,52656],{"href":50863},[294,54178,54179],{},[21,54180,54182],{"href":54181},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1796,54184,54185],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":54187},[54188,54189,54190,54191,54192,54193,54199,54205,54206,54212],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":52616,"depth":83,"text":52617},{"id":5304,"depth":83,"text":5305},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":52937,"depth":83,"text":52938},{"id":53236,"depth":83,"text":53237,"children":54194},[54195,54197],{"id":53243,"depth":94,"text":54196},"Using append()",{"id":53328,"depth":94,"text":54198},"Using extend()",{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":54200},[54201,54202,54203,54204],{"id":53450,"depth":94,"text":53451},{"id":53628,"depth":94,"text":53629},{"id":53689,"depth":94,"text":53690},{"id":53781,"depth":94,"text":53782},{"id":53901,"depth":83,"text":53902},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":54207},[54208,54209,54210,54211],{"id":54032,"depth":94,"text":54033},{"id":54043,"depth":94,"text":54044},{"id":54054,"depth":94,"text":54055},{"id":54144,"depth":94,"text":54145},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52527,"description":54213},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54220,"title":54221,"body":54222,"description":55466,"extension":1837,"meta":55467,"navigation":159,"path":55468,"seo":55469,"stem":55470,"__hash__":55471},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54223,"toc":55431},[54224,54230,54236,54242,54244,54292,54297,54302,54306,54322,54328,54330,54333,54348,54350,54361,54363,54365,54422,54424,54432,54434,54450,54456,54458,54464,54468,54552,54555,54604,54611,54619,54622,54636,54649,54655,54730,54737,54744,54818,54826,54829,54840,54849,54853,54857,54868,54870,54947,54968,54970,54980,54983,55031,55033,55054,55057,55059,55110,55116,55123,55190,55196,55202,55205,55232,55237,55243,55246,55318,55321,55332,55338,55340,55346,55349,55355,55361,55368,55376,55382,55388,55390,55428],[10,54225,54227,54228,11199],{"id":54226},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[44,54229,11198],{},[14,54231,54232,54235],{},[44,54233,54234],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54237,54238,54239,54241],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[575,54240,11211],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[32,54243,3482],{"id":3481},[37,54245,54247],{"className":39,"code":54246,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[44,54248,54249,54269,54279],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54250,54251,54253,54255,54257,54259,54261,54263,54265,54267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54252,7654],{"class":53},[47,54254,58],{"class":57},[47,54256,957],{"class":61},[47,54258,66],{"class":65},[47,54260,69],{"class":61},[47,54262,72],{"class":65},[47,54264,69],{"class":61},[47,54266,77],{"class":65},[47,54268,1402],{"class":61},[47,54270,54271,54273,54275,54277],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54272,7684],{"class":53},[47,54274,30],{"class":61},[47,54276,11260],{"class":173},[47,54278,241],{"class":61},[47,54280,54281,54283,54285,54287,54289],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54282,167],{"class":166},[47,54284,170],{"class":61},[47,54286,7684],{"class":173},[47,54288,3533],{"class":61},[47,54290,54291],{"class":1494},"  # []\n",[14,54293,1967,54294,54296],{},[44,54295,11198],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[32,54298,3550,54300,3553],{"id":54299},"what-listclear-does",[44,54301,54234],{},[14,54303,54304,2760],{},[44,54305,54234],{},[291,54307,54308,54311,54314,54319],{},[294,54309,54310],{},"Removes every item from a list",[294,54312,54313],{},"Changes the original list in place",[294,54315,54316,54317],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[44,54318,556],{},[294,54320,54321],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54323,54324,54325,54327],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[44,54326,11198],{},", but it contains no values.",[32,54329,2032],{"id":2031},[14,54331,54332],{},"Syntax:",[37,54334,54336],{"className":39,"code":54335,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.clear()\n",[44,54337,54338],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54339,54340,54342,54344,54346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54341,8215],{"class":53},[47,54343,30],{"class":61},[47,54345,11260],{"class":173},[47,54347,241],{"class":61},[14,54349,11336],{},[291,54351,54352,54355,54358],{},[294,54353,54354],{},"Call it on a list object",[294,54356,54357],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[294,54359,54360],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[32,54362,11353],{"id":11352},[14,54364,11356],{},[37,54366,54368],{"className":39,"code":54367,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,54369,54370,54394,54398,54408,54412],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54371,54372,54374,54376,54378,54380,54382,54384,54386,54388,54390,54392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54373,54],{"class":53},[47,54375,58],{"class":57},[47,54377,957],{"class":61},[47,54379,960],{"class":65},[47,54381,69],{"class":61},[47,54383,965],{"class":65},[47,54385,69],{"class":61},[47,54387,7669],{"class":65},[47,54389,69],{"class":61},[47,54391,50727],{"class":65},[47,54393,1402],{"class":61},[47,54395,54396],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54397,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,54399,54400,54402,54404,54406],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54401,174],{"class":53},[47,54403,30],{"class":61},[47,54405,11260],{"class":173},[47,54407,241],{"class":61},[47,54409,54410],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54411,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,54413,54414,54416,54418,54420],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,54415,167],{"class":166},[47,54417,170],{"class":61},[47,54419,174],{"class":173},[47,54421,80],{"class":61},[14,54423,215],{},[37,54425,54426],{"className":39,"code":38178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,54427,54428],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54429,54430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54431,38178],{"class":61},[14,54433,11562],{},[291,54435,54436,54441,54447],{},[294,54437,54438,54440],{},[44,54439,174],{}," starts with four items",[294,54442,54443,54446],{},[44,54444,54445],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[294,54448,54449],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54451,54452,54453,30],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[21,54454,52656],{"href":54455},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[32,54457,17296],{"id":17295},[14,54459,54460,2274,54462,30],{},[44,54461,11198],{},[44,54463,3652],{},[14,54465,40787,54466,52552],{},[575,54467,577],{},[37,54469,54471],{"className":39,"code":54470,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[44,54472,54473,54505,54509,54523,54527,54540],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54474,54475,54477,54479,54481,54483,54485,54487,54489,54491,54493,54495,54497,54499,54501,54503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54476,7654],{"class":53},[47,54478,58],{"class":57},[47,54480,957],{"class":61},[47,54482,126],{"class":125},[47,54484,21],{"class":129},[47,54486,126],{"class":125},[47,54488,69],{"class":61},[47,54490,136],{"class":125},[47,54492,139],{"class":129},[47,54494,126],{"class":125},[47,54496,69],{"class":61},[47,54498,136],{"class":125},[47,54500,148],{"class":129},[47,54502,126],{"class":125},[47,54504,1402],{"class":61},[47,54506,54507],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54508,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,54510,54511,54513,54515,54517,54519,54521],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54512,2106],{"class":53},[47,54514,58],{"class":57},[47,54516,5840],{"class":53},[47,54518,30],{"class":61},[47,54520,11260],{"class":173},[47,54522,241],{"class":61},[47,54524,54525],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54526,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,54528,54529,54531,54533,54535,54537],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,54530,167],{"class":166},[47,54532,170],{"class":61},[47,54534,7684],{"class":173},[47,54536,3533],{"class":61},[47,54538,54539],{"class":1494},"   # []\n",[47,54541,54542,54544,54546,54548,54550],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,54543,167],{"class":166},[47,54545,170],{"class":61},[47,54547,2141],{"class":173},[47,54549,3533],{"class":61},[47,54551,20751],{"class":1494},[14,54553,54554],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[37,54556,54558],{"className":39,"code":54557,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[44,54559,54560,54580,54594],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54561,54562,54564,54566,54568,54570,54572,54574,54576,54578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54563,7654],{"class":53},[47,54565,58],{"class":57},[47,54567,957],{"class":61},[47,54569,66],{"class":65},[47,54571,69],{"class":61},[47,54573,72],{"class":65},[47,54575,69],{"class":61},[47,54577,77],{"class":65},[47,54579,1402],{"class":61},[47,54581,54582,54584,54586,54588,54590,54592],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54583,7654],{"class":53},[47,54585,58],{"class":57},[47,54587,5840],{"class":53},[47,54589,30],{"class":61},[47,54591,11260],{"class":173},[47,54593,241],{"class":61},[47,54595,54596,54598,54600,54602],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54597,167],{"class":166},[47,54599,170],{"class":61},[47,54601,7684],{"class":173},[47,54603,80],{"class":61},[14,54605,11795,54606,42036,54608,54610],{},[44,54607,7684],{},[44,54609,3652],{},", not an empty list.",[32,54612,54614,54616,54617],{"id":54613},"clear-vs-assigning",[44,54615,11198],{}," vs assigning ",[44,54618,556],{},[14,54620,54621],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[37,54623,54624],{"className":39,"code":54335,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,54625,54626],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54627,54628,54630,54632,54634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54629,8215],{"class":53},[47,54631,30],{"class":61},[47,54633,11260],{"class":173},[47,54635,241],{"class":61},[37,54637,54639],{"className":39,"code":54638,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = []\n",[44,54640,54641],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54642,54643,54645,54647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54644,8184],{"class":53},[47,54646,58],{"class":57},[47,54648,7713],{"class":61},[773,54650,54652,54654],{"id":54651},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[44,54653,11198],{}," empties the same list object",[37,54656,54658],{"className":39,"code":54657,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[44,54659,54660,54680,54688,54692,54702,54706,54718],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54661,54662,54664,54666,54668,54670,54672,54674,54676,54678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54663,2430],{"class":53},[47,54665,58],{"class":57},[47,54667,957],{"class":61},[47,54669,66],{"class":65},[47,54671,69],{"class":61},[47,54673,72],{"class":65},[47,54675,69],{"class":61},[47,54677,77],{"class":65},[47,54679,1402],{"class":61},[47,54681,54682,54684,54686],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54683,2458],{"class":53},[47,54685,58],{"class":57},[47,54687,36056],{"class":53},[47,54689,54690],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54691,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,54693,54694,54696,54698,54700],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54695,21],{"class":53},[47,54697,30],{"class":61},[47,54699,11260],{"class":173},[47,54701,241],{"class":61},[47,54703,54704],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,54705,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,54707,54708,54710,54712,54714,54716],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,54709,167],{"class":166},[47,54711,170],{"class":61},[47,54713,21],{"class":173},[47,54715,3533],{"class":61},[47,54717,54291],{"class":1494},[47,54719,54720,54722,54724,54726,54728],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,54721,167],{"class":166},[47,54723,170],{"class":61},[47,54725,139],{"class":173},[47,54727,3533],{"class":61},[47,54729,54291],{"class":1494},[14,54731,10466,54732,4267,54734,54736],{},[44,54733,21],{},[44,54735,139],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[773,54738,54740,54743],{"id":54739},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[44,54741,54742],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[37,54745,54747],{"className":39,"code":54746,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,54748,54749,54769,54777,54781,54789,54793,54805],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54750,54751,54753,54755,54757,54759,54761,54763,54765,54767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54752,2430],{"class":53},[47,54754,58],{"class":57},[47,54756,957],{"class":61},[47,54758,66],{"class":65},[47,54760,69],{"class":61},[47,54762,72],{"class":65},[47,54764,69],{"class":61},[47,54766,77],{"class":65},[47,54768,1402],{"class":61},[47,54770,54771,54773,54775],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54772,2458],{"class":53},[47,54774,58],{"class":57},[47,54776,36056],{"class":53},[47,54778,54779],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54780,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,54782,54783,54785,54787],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54784,2430],{"class":53},[47,54786,58],{"class":57},[47,54788,7713],{"class":61},[47,54790,54791],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,54792,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,54794,54795,54797,54799,54801,54803],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,54796,167],{"class":166},[47,54798,170],{"class":61},[47,54800,21],{"class":173},[47,54802,3533],{"class":61},[47,54804,54291],{"class":1494},[47,54806,54807,54809,54811,54813,54815],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,54808,167],{"class":166},[47,54810,170],{"class":61},[47,54812,139],{"class":173},[47,54814,3533],{"class":61},[47,54816,54817],{"class":1494},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,54819,20648,54820,54822,54823,54825],{},[44,54821,21],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[44,54824,139],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54827,54828],{},"This difference matters when:",[291,54830,54831,54834,54837],{},[294,54832,54833],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[294,54835,54836],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[294,54838,54839],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,54841,54842,54843,30],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[21,54844,54846,54847,10617],{"href":54845},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[44,54848,12656],{},[32,54850,4836,54851],{"id":12317},[44,54852,11198],{},[14,54854,1967,54855,6192],{},[44,54856,11198],{},[291,54858,54859,54862,54865],{},[294,54860,54861],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[294,54863,54864],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[294,54866,54867],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,54869,2083],{},[37,54871,54873],{"className":39,"code":54872,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[44,54874,54875,54911,54915,54920,54931,54935],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54876,54877,54880,54882,54884,54886,54889,54891,54893,54895,54898,54900,54902,54904,54907,54909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54878,54879],{"class":53},"shopping_cart ",[47,54881,58],{"class":57},[47,54883,957],{"class":61},[47,54885,126],{"class":125},[47,54887,54888],{"class":129},"milk",[47,54890,126],{"class":125},[47,54892,69],{"class":61},[47,54894,136],{"class":125},[47,54896,54897],{"class":129},"bread",[47,54899,126],{"class":125},[47,54901,69],{"class":61},[47,54903,136],{"class":125},[47,54905,54906],{"class":129},"eggs",[47,54908,126],{"class":125},[47,54910,1402],{"class":61},[47,54912,54913],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54914,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,54916,54917],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54918,54919],{"class":1494},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[47,54921,54922,54925,54927,54929],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54923,54924],{"class":53},"shopping_cart",[47,54926,30],{"class":61},[47,54928,11260],{"class":173},[47,54930,241],{"class":61},[47,54932,54933],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,54934,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,54936,54937,54939,54941,54943,54945],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,54938,167],{"class":166},[47,54940,170],{"class":61},[47,54942,54924],{"class":173},[47,54944,3533],{"class":61},[47,54946,54291],{"class":1494},[14,54948,54949,54950,54954,54955,54961,54962,30],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[21,54951,54953],{"href":54952},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[21,54956,54958,10617],{"href":54957},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[44,54959,54960],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[21,54963,54965,10617],{"href":54964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[44,54966,54967],{},"list.pop()",[32,54969,4393],{"id":4392},[773,54971,54973,54974,10969,54977],{"id":54972},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[44,54975,54976],{},"my_list.clear",[44,54978,54979],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,54981,54982],{},"This does not call the method.",[37,54984,54986],{"className":39,"code":54985,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[44,54987,54988,55008,55012,55021],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,54989,54990,54992,54994,54996,54998,55000,55002,55004,55006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54991,7654],{"class":53},[47,54993,58],{"class":57},[47,54995,957],{"class":61},[47,54997,66],{"class":65},[47,54999,69],{"class":61},[47,55001,72],{"class":65},[47,55003,69],{"class":61},[47,55005,77],{"class":65},[47,55007,1402],{"class":61},[47,55009,55010],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55011,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,55013,55014,55016,55018],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55015,7684],{"class":53},[47,55017,30],{"class":61},[47,55019,55020],{"class":24626},"clear\n",[47,55022,55023,55025,55027,55029],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55024,167],{"class":166},[47,55026,170],{"class":61},[47,55028,7684],{"class":173},[47,55030,80],{"class":61},[14,55032,215],{},[37,55034,55036],{"className":39,"code":55035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[44,55037,55038],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55039,55040,55042,55044,55046,55048,55050,55052],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55041,3773],{"class":61},[47,55043,66],{"class":65},[47,55045,69],{"class":61},[47,55047,72],{"class":65},[47,55049,69],{"class":61},[47,55051,77],{"class":65},[47,55053,1402],{"class":61},[14,55055,55056],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55058,10684],{},[37,55060,55062],{"className":39,"code":55061,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[44,55063,55064,55084,55088,55098],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55065,55066,55068,55070,55072,55074,55076,55078,55080,55082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55067,7654],{"class":53},[47,55069,58],{"class":57},[47,55071,957],{"class":61},[47,55073,66],{"class":65},[47,55075,69],{"class":61},[47,55077,72],{"class":65},[47,55079,69],{"class":61},[47,55081,77],{"class":65},[47,55083,1402],{"class":61},[47,55085,55086],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55087,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,55089,55090,55092,55094,55096],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55091,7684],{"class":53},[47,55093,30],{"class":61},[47,55095,11260],{"class":173},[47,55097,241],{"class":61},[47,55099,55100,55102,55104,55106,55108],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55101,167],{"class":166},[47,55103,170],{"class":61},[47,55105,7684],{"class":173},[47,55107,3533],{"class":61},[47,55109,54291],{"class":1494},[773,55111,8330,55113,55115],{"id":55112},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[44,55114,11198],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55117,55118,2274,55120,55122],{},[44,55119,11198],{},[44,55121,3652],{},", not the list.",[37,55124,55126],{"className":39,"code":55125,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[44,55127,55128,55148,55162,55166,55178],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55129,55130,55132,55134,55136,55138,55140,55142,55144,55146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55131,7654],{"class":53},[47,55133,58],{"class":57},[47,55135,957],{"class":61},[47,55137,66],{"class":65},[47,55139,69],{"class":61},[47,55141,72],{"class":65},[47,55143,69],{"class":61},[47,55145,77],{"class":65},[47,55147,1402],{"class":61},[47,55149,55150,55152,55154,55156,55158,55160],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55151,2106],{"class":53},[47,55153,58],{"class":57},[47,55155,5840],{"class":53},[47,55157,30],{"class":61},[47,55159,11260],{"class":173},[47,55161,241],{"class":61},[47,55163,55164],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55165,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,55167,55168,55170,55172,55174,55176],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55169,167],{"class":166},[47,55171,170],{"class":61},[47,55173,2141],{"class":173},[47,55175,3533],{"class":61},[47,55177,20751],{"class":1494},[47,55179,55180,55182,55184,55186,55188],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,55181,167],{"class":166},[47,55183,170],{"class":61},[47,55185,7684],{"class":173},[47,55187,3533],{"class":61},[47,55189,54539],{"class":1494},[773,55191,8294,55193,55195],{"id":55192},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[44,55194,11198],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55197,55198,55199,55201],{},"Some types have a ",[44,55200,11198],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55203,55204],{},"This will fail:",[37,55206,55208],{"className":39,"code":55207,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[44,55209,55210,55222],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55211,55212,55214,55216,55218,55220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55213,34568],{"class":53},[47,55215,58],{"class":57},[47,55217,136],{"class":125},[47,55219,3718],{"class":129},[47,55221,3230],{"class":125},[47,55223,55224,55226,55228,55230],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55225,34589],{"class":53},[47,55227,30],{"class":61},[47,55229,11260],{"class":173},[47,55231,241],{"class":61},[14,55233,55234,55235,33480],{},"A string does not have a ",[44,55236,11198],{},[14,55238,55239,55240,55242],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[44,55241,3652],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55244,55245],{},"Useful checks:",[37,55247,55249],{"className":39,"code":55248,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[44,55250,55251,55261,55275,55289,55298,55308],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55252,55253,55255,55257,55259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55254,167],{"class":166},[47,55256,170],{"class":61},[47,55258,8215],{"class":173},[47,55260,80],{"class":61},[47,55262,55263,55265,55267,55269,55271,55273],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55264,167],{"class":166},[47,55266,170],{"class":61},[47,55268,499],{"class":118},[47,55270,170],{"class":61},[47,55272,8215],{"class":173},[47,55274,506],{"class":61},[47,55276,55277,55279,55281,55283,55285,55287],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55278,167],{"class":166},[47,55280,170],{"class":61},[47,55282,12529],{"class":166},[47,55284,170],{"class":61},[47,55286,8215],{"class":173},[47,55288,506],{"class":61},[47,55290,55291,55293,55295],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55292,43431],{"class":53},[47,55294,58],{"class":57},[47,55296,55297],{"class":53}," my_list\n",[47,55299,55300,55302,55304,55306],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,55301,8215],{"class":53},[47,55303,30],{"class":61},[47,55305,11260],{"class":173},[47,55307,241],{"class":61},[47,55309,55310,55312,55314,55316],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,55311,167],{"class":166},[47,55313,170],{"class":61},[47,55315,30621],{"class":173},[47,55317,80],{"class":61},[14,55319,55320],{},"These can help you see:",[291,55322,55323,55326,55329],{},[294,55324,55325],{},"What the variable currently contains",[294,55327,55328],{},"Whether it is really a list",[294,55330,55331],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55333,55334,55335,30],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[21,55336,55337],{"href":54181},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[32,55339,1708],{"id":1707},[773,55341,12584,55343,55345],{"id":55342},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[44,55344,54234],{}," delete the list?",[14,55347,55348],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[773,55350,12584,55352,55354],{"id":55351},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[44,55353,54234],{}," return a new list?",[14,55356,55357,55358,55360],{},"No. It returns ",[44,55359,3652],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[773,55362,5054,55364,4267,55366,2368],{"id":55363},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[44,55365,11198],{},[44,55367,54742],{},[14,55369,55370,55372,55373,55375],{},[44,55371,11198],{}," empties the same list object. ",[44,55374,54742],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[773,55377,28206,55379,55381],{"id":55378},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[44,55380,11198],{}," on other types?",[14,55383,55384,55385,55387],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[44,55386,11198],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[32,55389,1758],{"id":1757},[291,55391,55392,55396,55401,55408,55415,55421],{},[294,55393,55394],{},[21,55395,52656],{"href":54455},[294,55397,55398],{},[21,55399,55400],{"href":54952},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[294,55402,55403],{},[21,55404,55405,55406,10617],{"href":54964},"Python list ",[44,55407,12642],{},[294,55409,55410],{},[21,55411,55405,55412,10617],{"href":54957},[44,55413,55414],{},"remove()",[294,55416,55417],{},[21,55418,55405,55419,10617],{"href":54845},[44,55420,12656],{},[294,55422,55423],{},[21,55424,30225,55425,33513],{"href":54181},[44,55426,55427],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1796,55429,55430],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":55432},[55433,55434,55436,55437,55438,55439,55446,55447,55455,55465],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":54299,"depth":83,"text":55435},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":54613,"depth":83,"text":55440,"children":55441},"clear() vs assigning []",[55442,55444],{"id":54651,"depth":94,"text":55443},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54739,"depth":94,"text":55445},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12317,"depth":83,"text":12688},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":55448},[55449,55451,55453],{"id":54972,"depth":94,"text":55450},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55112,"depth":94,"text":55452},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55192,"depth":94,"text":55454},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":55456},[55457,55459,55461,55463],{"id":55342,"depth":94,"text":55458},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55351,"depth":94,"text":55460},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55363,"depth":94,"text":55462},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55378,"depth":94,"text":55464},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54221,"description":55466},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55473,"title":55474,"body":55475,"description":57157,"extension":1837,"meta":57158,"navigation":159,"path":57159,"seo":57160,"stem":57161,"__hash__":57162},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55476,"toc":57125},[55477,55482,55488,55496,55498,55587,55594,55599,55603,55617,55619,55696,55698,55759,55762,55764,55766,55787,55790,55804,55807,55852,55854,55862,55865,55871,55877,55880,55957,55959,56004,56007,56012,56095,56097,56138,56143,56147,56153,56155,56163,56166,56259,56261,56319,56322,56338,56343,56351,56356,56358,56363,56368,56371,56373,56430,56433,56486,56492,56497,56501,56518,56520,56604,56606,56647,56655,56657,56662,56668,56670,56733,56738,56808,56812,56847,56850,56852,56891,56895,56971,56977,56983,56988,57010,57013,57032,57039,57041,57047,57050,57057,57065,57070,57073,57077,57083,57091,57094,57096,57122],[10,55478,54227,55480,11199],{"id":55479},"python-list-copy-method",[44,55481,12656],{},[14,55483,55484,55487],{},[44,55485,55486],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55489,55490,55491,13932,55493,55495],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[44,55492,58],{},[575,55494,577],{}," make a real copy.",[32,55497,35],{"id":34},[37,55499,55501],{"className":39,"code":55500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,55502,55503,55523,55538,55542,55557,55561,55574],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55504,55505,55507,55509,55511,55513,55515,55517,55519,55521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55506,54],{"class":53},[47,55508,58],{"class":57},[47,55510,957],{"class":61},[47,55512,66],{"class":65},[47,55514,69],{"class":61},[47,55516,72],{"class":65},[47,55518,69],{"class":61},[47,55520,77],{"class":65},[47,55522,1402],{"class":61},[47,55524,55525,55528,55530,55532,55534,55536],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55526,55527],{"class":53},"new_numbers ",[47,55529,58],{"class":57},[47,55531,4136],{"class":53},[47,55533,30],{"class":61},[47,55535,12791],{"class":173},[47,55537,241],{"class":61},[47,55539,55540],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55541,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,55543,55544,55547,55549,55551,55553,55555],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55545,55546],{"class":53},"new_numbers",[47,55548,30],{"class":61},[47,55550,13431],{"class":173},[47,55552,170],{"class":61},[47,55554,1210],{"class":65},[47,55556,80],{"class":61},[47,55558,55559],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,55560,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,55562,55563,55565,55567,55569,55571],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,55564,167],{"class":166},[47,55566,170],{"class":61},[47,55568,174],{"class":173},[47,55570,3533],{"class":61},[47,55572,55573],{"class":1494},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[47,55575,55576,55578,55580,55582,55584],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,55577,167],{"class":166},[47,55579,170],{"class":61},[47,55581,55546],{"class":173},[47,55583,3533],{"class":61},[47,55585,55586],{"class":1494},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55588,1967,55589,55591,55592,30],{},[44,55590,55486],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[575,55593,12730],{},[32,55595,3550,55597,3553],{"id":55596},"what-listcopy-does",[44,55598,55486],{},[14,55600,55601,2760],{},[44,55602,55486],{},[291,55604,55605,55608,55611,55614],{},[294,55606,55607],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[294,55609,55610],{},"Returns that new list",[294,55612,55613],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[294,55615,55616],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55618,2083],{},[37,55620,55622],{"className":39,"code":55621,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[44,55623,55624,55656,55671,55675,55685],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55625,55626,55628,55630,55632,55634,55636,55638,55640,55642,55644,55646,55648,55650,55652,55654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55627,36120],{"class":53},[47,55629,58],{"class":57},[47,55631,957],{"class":61},[47,55633,126],{"class":125},[47,55635,405],{"class":129},[47,55637,126],{"class":125},[47,55639,69],{"class":61},[47,55641,136],{"class":125},[47,55643,3960],{"class":129},[47,55645,126],{"class":125},[47,55647,69],{"class":61},[47,55649,136],{"class":125},[47,55651,33100],{"class":129},[47,55653,126],{"class":125},[47,55655,1402],{"class":61},[47,55657,55658,55661,55663,55665,55667,55669],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55659,55660],{"class":53},"copied_fruits ",[47,55662,58],{"class":57},[47,55664,52736],{"class":53},[47,55666,30],{"class":61},[47,55668,12791],{"class":173},[47,55670,241],{"class":61},[47,55672,55673],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55674,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,55676,55677,55679,55681,55683],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55678,167],{"class":166},[47,55680,170],{"class":61},[47,55682,36172],{"class":173},[47,55684,80],{"class":61},[47,55686,55687,55689,55691,55694],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,55688,167],{"class":166},[47,55690,170],{"class":61},[47,55692,55693],{"class":173},"copied_fruits",[47,55695,80],{"class":61},[14,55697,215],{},[37,55699,55701],{"className":39,"code":55700,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[44,55702,55703,55731],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55704,55705,55707,55709,55711,55713,55715,55717,55719,55721,55723,55725,55727,55729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55706,3773],{"class":61},[47,55708,256],{"class":125},[47,55710,405],{"class":129},[47,55712,256],{"class":125},[47,55714,69],{"class":61},[47,55716,265],{"class":125},[47,55718,3960],{"class":129},[47,55720,256],{"class":125},[47,55722,69],{"class":61},[47,55724,265],{"class":125},[47,55726,33100],{"class":129},[47,55728,256],{"class":125},[47,55730,1402],{"class":61},[47,55732,55733,55735,55737,55739,55741,55743,55745,55747,55749,55751,55753,55755,55757],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55734,3773],{"class":61},[47,55736,256],{"class":125},[47,55738,405],{"class":129},[47,55740,256],{"class":125},[47,55742,69],{"class":61},[47,55744,265],{"class":125},[47,55746,3960],{"class":129},[47,55748,256],{"class":125},[47,55750,69],{"class":61},[47,55752,265],{"class":125},[47,55754,33100],{"class":129},[47,55756,256],{"class":125},[47,55758,1402],{"class":61},[14,55760,55761],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[32,55763,2032],{"id":2031},[14,55765,2035],{},[37,55767,55769],{"className":39,"code":55768,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[44,55770,55771],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55772,55773,55776,55778,55781,55783,55785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55774,55775],{"class":53},"new_list ",[47,55777,58],{"class":57},[47,55779,55780],{"class":53}," old_list",[47,55782,30],{"class":61},[47,55784,12791],{"class":173},[47,55786,241],{"class":61},[14,55788,55789],{},"How it works:",[291,55791,55792,55798,55801],{},[294,55793,55794,55795,55797],{},"Call ",[44,55796,12656],{}," on an existing list",[294,55799,55800],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[294,55802,55803],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55805,55806],{},"Example with an empty list:",[37,55808,55810],{"className":39,"code":55809,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[44,55811,55812,55821,55837,55841],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55813,55814,55817,55819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55815,55816],{"class":53},"empty_list ",[47,55818,58],{"class":57},[47,55820,7713],{"class":61},[47,55822,55823,55826,55828,55831,55833,55835],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55824,55825],{"class":53},"new_empty_list ",[47,55827,58],{"class":57},[47,55829,55830],{"class":53}," empty_list",[47,55832,30],{"class":61},[47,55834,12791],{"class":173},[47,55836,241],{"class":61},[47,55838,55839],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55840,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,55842,55843,55845,55847,55850],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55844,167],{"class":166},[47,55846,170],{"class":61},[47,55848,55849],{"class":173},"new_empty_list",[47,55851,80],{"class":61},[14,55853,215],{},[37,55855,55856],{"className":39,"code":38178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,55857,55858],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55859,55860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55861,38178],{"class":61},[14,55863,55864],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[32,55866,55868,55869],{"id":55867},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[44,55870,58],{},[14,55872,8294,55873,13932,55875,52552],{},[44,55874,58],{},[575,55876,577],{},[14,55878,55879],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[37,55881,55883],{"className":39,"code":55882,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[44,55884,55885,55905,55914,55918,55933,55937,55947],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55886,55887,55889,55891,55893,55895,55897,55899,55901,55903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55888,54],{"class":53},[47,55890,58],{"class":57},[47,55892,957],{"class":61},[47,55894,66],{"class":65},[47,55896,69],{"class":61},[47,55898,72],{"class":65},[47,55900,69],{"class":61},[47,55902,77],{"class":65},[47,55904,1402],{"class":61},[47,55906,55907,55910,55912],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55908,55909],{"class":53},"same_list ",[47,55911,58],{"class":57},[47,55913,43864],{"class":53},[47,55915,55916],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55917,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,55919,55920,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55921,55922],{"class":53},"same_list",[47,55924,30],{"class":61},[47,55926,13431],{"class":173},[47,55928,170],{"class":61},[47,55930,1210],{"class":65},[47,55932,80],{"class":61},[47,55934,55935],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,55936,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,55938,55939,55941,55943,55945],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,55940,167],{"class":166},[47,55942,170],{"class":61},[47,55944,174],{"class":173},[47,55946,80],{"class":61},[47,55948,55949,55951,55953,55955],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,55950,167],{"class":166},[47,55952,170],{"class":61},[47,55954,55922],{"class":173},[47,55956,80],{"class":61},[14,55958,215],{},[37,55960,55962],{"className":39,"code":55961,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,55963,55964,55984],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,55965,55966,55968,55970,55972,55974,55976,55978,55980,55982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55967,3773],{"class":61},[47,55969,66],{"class":65},[47,55971,69],{"class":61},[47,55973,72],{"class":65},[47,55975,69],{"class":61},[47,55977,77],{"class":65},[47,55979,69],{"class":61},[47,55981,2333],{"class":65},[47,55983,1402],{"class":61},[47,55985,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000,56002],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55987,3773],{"class":61},[47,55989,66],{"class":65},[47,55991,69],{"class":61},[47,55993,72],{"class":65},[47,55995,69],{"class":61},[47,55997,77],{"class":65},[47,55999,69],{"class":61},[47,56001,2333],{"class":65},[47,56003,1402],{"class":61},[14,56005,56006],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56008,56009,56010,2760],{},"Now compare that with ",[44,56011,12656],{},[37,56013,56015],{"className":39,"code":56014,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[44,56016,56017,56037,56052,56056,56071,56075,56085],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56018,56019,56021,56023,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56020,54],{"class":53},[47,56022,58],{"class":57},[47,56024,957],{"class":61},[47,56026,66],{"class":65},[47,56028,69],{"class":61},[47,56030,72],{"class":65},[47,56032,69],{"class":61},[47,56034,77],{"class":65},[47,56036,1402],{"class":61},[47,56038,56039,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56040,56041],{"class":53},"copied_numbers ",[47,56043,58],{"class":57},[47,56045,4136],{"class":53},[47,56047,30],{"class":61},[47,56049,12791],{"class":173},[47,56051,241],{"class":61},[47,56053,56054],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56055,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,56057,56058,56061,56063,56065,56067,56069],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56059,56060],{"class":53},"copied_numbers",[47,56062,30],{"class":61},[47,56064,13431],{"class":173},[47,56066,170],{"class":61},[47,56068,1210],{"class":65},[47,56070,80],{"class":61},[47,56072,56073],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,56074,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,56076,56077,56079,56081,56083],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,56078,167],{"class":166},[47,56080,170],{"class":61},[47,56082,174],{"class":173},[47,56084,80],{"class":61},[47,56086,56087,56089,56091,56093],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,56088,167],{"class":166},[47,56090,170],{"class":61},[47,56092,56060],{"class":173},[47,56094,80],{"class":61},[14,56096,215],{},[37,56098,56100],{"className":39,"code":56099,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,56101,56102,56118],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56103,56104,56106,56108,56110,56112,56114,56116],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56105,3773],{"class":61},[47,56107,66],{"class":65},[47,56109,69],{"class":61},[47,56111,72],{"class":65},[47,56113,69],{"class":61},[47,56115,77],{"class":65},[47,56117,1402],{"class":61},[47,56119,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128,56130,56132,56134,56136],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56121,3773],{"class":61},[47,56123,66],{"class":65},[47,56125,69],{"class":61},[47,56127,72],{"class":65},[47,56129,69],{"class":61},[47,56131,77],{"class":65},[47,56133,69],{"class":61},[47,56135,2333],{"class":65},[47,56137,1402],{"class":61},[14,56139,56140,56141,30],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[21,56142,52656],{"href":50863},[32,56144,56146],{"id":56145},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56148,56149,12727,56151,30],{},[44,56150,55486],{},[575,56152,12730],{},[14,56154,1982],{},[291,56156,56157,56160],{},[294,56158,56159],{},"The outer list is new",[294,56161,56162],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56164,56165],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[37,56167,56169],{"className":39,"code":56168,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[44,56170,56171,56198,56212,56216,56235,56239,56249],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56172,56173,56175,56177,56180,56182,56184,56186,56188,56190,56192,56194,56196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56174,11965],{"class":53},[47,56176,58],{"class":57},[47,56178,56179],{"class":61}," [[",[47,56181,66],{"class":65},[47,56183,69],{"class":61},[47,56185,72],{"class":65},[47,56187,17938],{"class":61},[47,56189,957],{"class":61},[47,56191,1937],{"class":65},[47,56193,69],{"class":61},[47,56195,2333],{"class":65},[47,56197,53127],{"class":61},[47,56199,56200,56202,56204,56206,56208,56210],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56201,14190],{"class":53},[47,56203,58],{"class":57},[47,56205,12040],{"class":53},[47,56207,30],{"class":61},[47,56209,12791],{"class":173},[47,56211,241],{"class":61},[47,56213,56214],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56215,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,56217,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230,56233],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56219,14209],{"class":53},[47,56221,3773],{"class":61},[47,56223,1237],{"class":65},[47,56225,13428],{"class":61},[47,56227,13431],{"class":173},[47,56229,170],{"class":61},[47,56231,56232],{"class":65},"99",[47,56234,80],{"class":61},[47,56236,56237],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,56238,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,56240,56241,56243,56245,56247],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,56242,167],{"class":166},[47,56244,170],{"class":61},[47,56246,12012],{"class":173},[47,56248,80],{"class":61},[47,56250,56251,56253,56255,56257],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,56252,167],{"class":166},[47,56254,170],{"class":61},[47,56256,14209],{"class":173},[47,56258,80],{"class":61},[14,56260,215],{},[37,56262,56264],{"className":39,"code":56263,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,56265,56266,56293],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56267,56268,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279,56281,56283,56285,56287,56289,56291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56269,56270],{"class":61},"[[",[47,56272,66],{"class":65},[47,56274,69],{"class":61},[47,56276,72],{"class":65},[47,56278,69],{"class":61},[47,56280,10072],{"class":65},[47,56282,17938],{"class":61},[47,56284,957],{"class":61},[47,56286,1937],{"class":65},[47,56288,69],{"class":61},[47,56290,2333],{"class":65},[47,56292,53127],{"class":61},[47,56294,56295,56297,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315,56317],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56296,56270],{"class":61},[47,56298,66],{"class":65},[47,56300,69],{"class":61},[47,56302,72],{"class":65},[47,56304,69],{"class":61},[47,56306,10072],{"class":65},[47,56308,17938],{"class":61},[47,56310,957],{"class":61},[47,56312,1937],{"class":65},[47,56314,69],{"class":61},[47,56316,2333],{"class":65},[47,56318,53127],{"class":61},[14,56320,56321],{},"Why did both change?",[291,56323,56324,56331],{},[294,56325,56326,4267,56328,56330],{},[44,56327,12012],{},[44,56329,14209],{}," are different outer lists",[294,56332,56333,56334,56337],{},"But the inner list ",[44,56335,56336],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56339,53538,56340,56342],{},[44,56341,12656],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[291,56344,56345,56347,56349],{},[294,56346,775],{},[294,56348,813],{},[294,56350,40476],{},[14,56352,56353,56354,30],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[21,56355,13669],{"href":13668},[32,56357,17296],{"id":17295},[14,56359,56360,56362],{},[44,56361,55486],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56364,40787,56365,56367],{},[575,56366,577],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56369,56370],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56372,724],{},[37,56374,56376],{"className":39,"code":56375,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[44,56377,56378,56402,56416,56420],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56379,56380,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56381,823],{"class":53},[47,56383,58],{"class":57},[47,56385,957],{"class":61},[47,56387,126],{"class":125},[47,56389,832],{"class":129},[47,56391,126],{"class":125},[47,56393,69],{"class":61},[47,56395,136],{"class":125},[47,56397,850],{"class":129},[47,56399,126],{"class":125},[47,56401,1402],{"class":61},[47,56403,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412,56414],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56405,12996],{"class":53},[47,56407,58],{"class":57},[47,56409,13001],{"class":53},[47,56411,30],{"class":61},[47,56413,12791],{"class":173},[47,56415,241],{"class":61},[47,56417,56418],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56419,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,56421,56422,56424,56426,56428],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56423,167],{"class":166},[47,56425,170],{"class":61},[47,56427,13020],{"class":173},[47,56429,80],{"class":61},[14,56431,56432],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[37,56434,56436],{"className":39,"code":56435,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[44,56437,56438,56462,56472,56476],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56439,56440,56442,56444,56446,56448,56450,56452,56454,56456,56458,56460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56441,823],{"class":53},[47,56443,58],{"class":57},[47,56445,957],{"class":61},[47,56447,126],{"class":125},[47,56449,832],{"class":129},[47,56451,126],{"class":125},[47,56453,69],{"class":61},[47,56455,136],{"class":125},[47,56457,850],{"class":129},[47,56459,126],{"class":125},[47,56461,1402],{"class":61},[47,56463,56464,56466,56468,56470],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56465,863],{"class":53},[47,56467,30],{"class":61},[47,56469,12791],{"class":173},[47,56471,241],{"class":61},[47,56473,56474],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56475,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,56477,56478,56480,56482,56484],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56479,167],{"class":166},[47,56481,170],{"class":61},[47,56483,863],{"class":173},[47,56485,80],{"class":61},[14,56487,56488,56489,56491],{},"In the second example, ",[44,56490,12656],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[32,56493,4836,56495],{"id":56494},"when-to-use-listcopy",[44,56496,55486],{},[14,56498,1967,56499,10477],{},[44,56500,55486],{},[291,56502,56503,56506,56509,56512],{},[294,56504,56505],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[294,56507,56508],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[294,56510,56511],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[294,56513,56514,56515],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[44,56516,56517],{},"[:]",[14,56519,2083],{},[37,56521,56523],{"className":39,"code":56522,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[44,56524,56525,56545,56560,56564,56579,56583,56593],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56526,56527,56529,56531,56533,56535,56537,56539,56541,56543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56528,4939],{"class":53},[47,56530,58],{"class":57},[47,56532,957],{"class":61},[47,56534,960],{"class":65},[47,56536,69],{"class":61},[47,56538,965],{"class":65},[47,56540,69],{"class":61},[47,56542,7669],{"class":65},[47,56544,1402],{"class":61},[47,56546,56547,56550,56552,56554,56556,56558],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56548,56549],{"class":53},"backup_scores ",[47,56551,58],{"class":57},[47,56553,4986],{"class":53},[47,56555,30],{"class":61},[47,56557,12791],{"class":173},[47,56559,241],{"class":61},[47,56561,56562],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56563,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,56565,56566,56568,56570,56572,56574,56577],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56567,16267],{"class":53},[47,56569,30],{"class":61},[47,56571,13431],{"class":173},[47,56573,170],{"class":61},[47,56575,56576],{"class":65},"40",[47,56578,80],{"class":61},[47,56580,56581],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,56582,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,56584,56585,56587,56589,56591],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,56586,167],{"class":166},[47,56588,170],{"class":61},[47,56590,16267],{"class":173},[47,56592,80],{"class":61},[47,56594,56595,56597,56599,56602],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,56596,167],{"class":166},[47,56598,170],{"class":61},[47,56600,56601],{"class":173},"backup_scores",[47,56603,80],{"class":61},[14,56605,215],{},[37,56607,56609],{"className":39,"code":56608,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[44,56610,56611,56631],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56612,56613,56615,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56614,3773],{"class":61},[47,56616,960],{"class":65},[47,56618,69],{"class":61},[47,56620,965],{"class":65},[47,56622,69],{"class":61},[47,56624,7669],{"class":65},[47,56626,69],{"class":61},[47,56628,50727],{"class":65},[47,56630,1402],{"class":61},[47,56632,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56634,3773],{"class":61},[47,56636,960],{"class":65},[47,56638,69],{"class":61},[47,56640,965],{"class":65},[47,56642,69],{"class":61},[47,56644,7669],{"class":65},[47,56646,1402],{"class":61},[14,56648,56649,56650,30],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[21,56651,55405,56653,10617],{"href":56652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[44,56654,52537],{},[32,56656,4393],{"id":4392},[14,56658,56659,56660,30],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[44,56661,55486],{},[773,56663,8294,56665,56667],{"id":56664},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[44,56666,58],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56669,39079],{},[37,56671,56673],{"className":39,"code":56672,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,56674,56675,56695,56703,56717,56721],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56676,56677,56679,56681,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691,56693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56678,2430],{"class":53},[47,56680,58],{"class":57},[47,56682,957],{"class":61},[47,56684,66],{"class":65},[47,56686,69],{"class":61},[47,56688,72],{"class":65},[47,56690,69],{"class":61},[47,56692,77],{"class":65},[47,56694,1402],{"class":61},[47,56696,56697,56699,56701],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56698,2458],{"class":53},[47,56700,58],{"class":57},[47,56702,36056],{"class":53},[47,56704,56705,56707,56709,56711,56713,56715],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56706,139],{"class":53},[47,56708,30],{"class":61},[47,56710,13431],{"class":173},[47,56712,170],{"class":61},[47,56714,1210],{"class":65},[47,56716,80],{"class":61},[47,56718,56719],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56720,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,56722,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,56724,167],{"class":166},[47,56726,170],{"class":61},[47,56728,21],{"class":173},[47,56730,3533],{"class":61},[47,56732,55586],{"class":1494},[14,56734,56735,56736,6504],{},"Fix: use ",[44,56737,12656],{},[37,56739,56741],{"className":39,"code":56740,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,56742,56743,56763,56778,56792,56796],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56744,56745,56747,56749,56751,56753,56755,56757,56759,56761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56746,2430],{"class":53},[47,56748,58],{"class":57},[47,56750,957],{"class":61},[47,56752,66],{"class":65},[47,56754,69],{"class":61},[47,56756,72],{"class":65},[47,56758,69],{"class":61},[47,56760,77],{"class":65},[47,56762,1402],{"class":61},[47,56764,56765,56767,56769,56772,56774,56776],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56766,2458],{"class":53},[47,56768,58],{"class":57},[47,56770,56771],{"class":53}," a",[47,56773,30],{"class":61},[47,56775,12791],{"class":173},[47,56777,241],{"class":61},[47,56779,56780,56782,56784,56786,56788,56790],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56781,139],{"class":53},[47,56783,30],{"class":61},[47,56785,13431],{"class":173},[47,56787,170],{"class":61},[47,56789,1210],{"class":65},[47,56791,80],{"class":61},[47,56793,56794],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56795,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,56797,56798,56800,56802,56804,56806],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,56799,167],{"class":166},[47,56801,170],{"class":61},[47,56803,21],{"class":173},[47,56805,3533],{"class":61},[47,56807,54817],{"class":1494},[773,56809,56811],{"id":56810},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[37,56813,56815],{"className":39,"code":56814,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[44,56816,56817,56837],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56818,56819,56821,56823,56825,56827,56829,56831,56833,56835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56820,54],{"class":53},[47,56822,58],{"class":57},[47,56824,957],{"class":61},[47,56826,66],{"class":65},[47,56828,69],{"class":61},[47,56830,72],{"class":65},[47,56832,69],{"class":61},[47,56834,77],{"class":65},[47,56836,1402],{"class":61},[47,56838,56839,56841,56843,56845],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56840,174],{"class":53},[47,56842,30],{"class":61},[47,56844,12791],{"class":173},[47,56846,241],{"class":61},[14,56848,56849],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,56851,39142],{},[37,56853,56855],{"className":39,"code":56854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[44,56856,56857,56877],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56858,56859,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56860,54],{"class":53},[47,56862,58],{"class":57},[47,56864,957],{"class":61},[47,56866,66],{"class":65},[47,56868,69],{"class":61},[47,56870,72],{"class":65},[47,56872,69],{"class":61},[47,56874,77],{"class":65},[47,56876,1402],{"class":61},[47,56878,56879,56881,56883,56885,56887,56889],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56880,56041],{"class":53},[47,56882,58],{"class":57},[47,56884,4136],{"class":53},[47,56886,30],{"class":61},[47,56888,12791],{"class":173},[47,56890,241],{"class":61},[773,56892,56894],{"id":56893},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[37,56896,56898],{"className":39,"code":56897,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[44,56899,56900,56918,56932,56936,56954,56958],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56901,56902,56904,56906,56908,56910,56912,56914,56916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56903,2430],{"class":53},[47,56905,58],{"class":57},[47,56907,56179],{"class":61},[47,56909,66],{"class":65},[47,56911,17938],{"class":61},[47,56913,957],{"class":61},[47,56915,1931],{"class":65},[47,56917,53127],{"class":61},[47,56919,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56921,2458],{"class":53},[47,56923,58],{"class":57},[47,56925,56771],{"class":53},[47,56927,30],{"class":61},[47,56929,12791],{"class":173},[47,56931,241],{"class":61},[47,56933,56934],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56935,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,56937,56938,56940,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56939,139],{"class":53},[47,56941,3773],{"class":61},[47,56943,1237],{"class":65},[47,56945,13428],{"class":61},[47,56947,13431],{"class":173},[47,56949,170],{"class":61},[47,56951,56232],{"class":65},[47,56953,80],{"class":61},[47,56955,56956],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,56957,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,56959,56960,56962,56964,56966,56968],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,56961,167],{"class":166},[47,56963,170],{"class":61},[47,56965,21],{"class":173},[47,56967,3533],{"class":61},[47,56969,56970],{"class":1494},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,56972,56973,56974,56976],{},"Fix: remember that ",[44,56975,55486],{}," is shallow.",[773,56978,25493,56980,56982],{"id":56979},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[44,56981,12656],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,56984,56985,56987],{},[44,56986,12656],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[37,56989,56991],{"className":39,"code":56990,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[44,56992,56993,57005],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,56994,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56996,7751],{"class":53},[47,56998,58],{"class":57},[47,57000,136],{"class":125},[47,57002,4879],{"class":129},[47,57004,3230],{"class":125},[47,57006,57007],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57008,57009],{"class":1494},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57011,57012],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[37,57014,57016],{"className":39,"code":57015,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(name))\n",[44,57017,57018],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,57019,57020,57022,57024,57026,57028,57030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57021,167],{"class":166},[47,57023,170],{"class":61},[47,57025,499],{"class":118},[47,57027,170],{"class":61},[47,57029,7542],{"class":173},[47,57031,506],{"class":61},[14,57033,57034,57035,57038],{},"You can also review ",[21,57036,57037],{"href":562},"creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[32,57040,1708],{"id":1707},[773,57042,12584,57044,57046],{"id":57043},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[44,57045,55486],{}," change the original list?",[14,57048,57049],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[773,57051,5054,57053,4267,57055,2368],{"id":57052},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[44,57054,55486],{},[44,57056,58],{},[14,57058,57059,57061,57062,57064],{},[44,57060,12656],{}," creates a new list. ",[44,57063,58],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[773,57066,14782,57068,14785],{"id":57067},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[44,57069,55486],{},[14,57071,57072],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[773,57074,57076],{"id":57075},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57078,42033,57079,57082],{},[44,57080,57081],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[773,57084,14782,57086,57088,57089,2368],{"id":57085},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[44,57087,55486],{}," the same as ",[44,57090,56517],{},[14,57092,57093],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[32,57095,1758],{"id":1757},[291,57097,57098,57103,57107,57112,57118],{},[294,57099,57100],{},[21,57101,14844],{"href":57102},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[294,57104,57105],{},[21,57106,52656],{"href":50863},[294,57108,57109],{},[21,57110,57111],{"href":562},"Creating a list in Python",[294,57113,57114],{},[21,57115,55405,57116,10617],{"href":56652},[44,57117,52537],{},[294,57119,57120],{},[21,57121,13669],{"href":13668},[1796,57123,57124],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":57126},[57127,57128,57130,57131,57133,57134,57135,57137,57145,57156],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":55596,"depth":83,"text":57129},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":55867,"depth":83,"text":57132},"Why not use =",{"id":56145,"depth":83,"text":56146},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":56494,"depth":83,"text":57136},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":57138},[57139,57141,57142,57143],{"id":56664,"depth":94,"text":57140},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56810,"depth":94,"text":56811},{"id":56893,"depth":94,"text":56894},{"id":56979,"depth":94,"text":57144},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":57146},[57147,57149,57151,57153,57154],{"id":57043,"depth":94,"text":57148},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57052,"depth":94,"text":57150},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57067,"depth":94,"text":57152},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57075,"depth":94,"text":57076},{"id":57085,"depth":94,"text":57155},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55474,"description":57157},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57164,"title":57165,"body":57166,"description":58908,"extension":1837,"meta":58909,"navigation":159,"path":58910,"seo":58911,"stem":58912,"__hash__":58913},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57167,"toc":58867},[57168,57174,57180,57183,57194,57197,57199,57262,57268,57273,57277,57291,57294,57299,57304,57306,57308,57327,57339,57341,57408,57410,57418,57423,57425,57433,57436,57453,57455,57579,57590,57594,57599,57602,57604,57622,57626,57712,57721,57729,57798,57800,57803,57815,57820,57824,57895,57898,57902,57906,57971,57973,57981,57985,58068,58070,58078,58082,58143,58145,58153,58157,58244,58246,58254,58259,58264,58267,58278,58280,58365,58370,58379,58381,58385,58389,58394,58456,58460,58468,58474,58483,58488,58537,58540,58561,58565,58627,58634,58639,58642,58729,58732,58743,58746,58766,58768,58774,58777,58781,58785,58791,58794,58800,58807,58815,58826,58828,58864],[10,57169,54227,57171,11199],{"id":57170},"python-list-count-method",[44,57172,57173],{},"count()",[14,57175,57176,57179],{},[44,57177,57178],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57181,57182],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[291,57184,57185,57188,57191],{},[294,57186,57187],{},"count one specific item",[294,57189,57190],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[294,57192,57193],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57195,57196],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[32,57198,3482],{"id":3481},[37,57200,57202],{"className":39,"code":57201,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[44,57203,57204,57232,57250],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,57205,57206,57208,57210,57212,57214,57216,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57207,54],{"class":53},[47,57209,58],{"class":57},[47,57211,957],{"class":61},[47,57213,66],{"class":65},[47,57215,69],{"class":61},[47,57217,72],{"class":65},[47,57219,69],{"class":61},[47,57221,72],{"class":65},[47,57223,69],{"class":61},[47,57225,77],{"class":65},[47,57227,69],{"class":61},[47,57229,72],{"class":65},[47,57231,1402],{"class":61},[47,57233,57234,57236,57238,57240,57242,57244,57246,57248],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57235,2106],{"class":53},[47,57237,58],{"class":57},[47,57239,4136],{"class":53},[47,57241,30],{"class":61},[47,57243,41141],{"class":173},[47,57245,170],{"class":61},[47,57247,1931],{"class":65},[47,57249,80],{"class":61},[47,57251,57252,57254,57256,57258,57260],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57253,167],{"class":166},[47,57255,170],{"class":61},[47,57257,2141],{"class":173},[47,57259,3533],{"class":61},[47,57261,50654],{"class":1494},[14,57263,1967,57264,57267],{},[44,57265,57266],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[32,57269,3550,57271,3553],{"id":57270},"what-listcount-does",[44,57272,57178],{},[14,57274,57275,2760],{},[44,57276,57178],{},[291,57278,57279,57282,57285,57288],{},[294,57280,57281],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[294,57283,57284],{},"returns an integer",[294,57286,57287],{},"does not change the original list",[294,57289,57290],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57292,57293],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57295,57296,57297,30],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[44,57298,1937],{},[14,57300,57301,57302,30],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[44,57303,1237],{},[32,57305,2032],{"id":2031},[14,57307,2035],{},[37,57309,57311],{"className":39,"code":57310,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.count(value)\n",[44,57312,57313],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,57314,57315,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57316,8215],{"class":53},[47,57318,30],{"class":61},[47,57320,41141],{"class":173},[47,57322,170],{"class":61},[47,57324,605],{"class":173},[47,57326,80],{"class":61},[291,57328,57329,57334],{},[294,57330,57331,57333],{},[44,57332,8215],{}," is the list you want to search",[294,57335,57336,57338],{},[44,57337,605],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57340,2083],{},[37,57342,57344],{"className":39,"code":57343,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[44,57345,57346,57386],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,57347,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368,57370,57372,57374,57376,57378,57380,57382,57384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57349,1118],{"class":53},[47,57351,58],{"class":57},[47,57353,957],{"class":61},[47,57355,126],{"class":125},[47,57357,21],{"class":129},[47,57359,126],{"class":125},[47,57361,69],{"class":61},[47,57363,136],{"class":125},[47,57365,139],{"class":129},[47,57367,126],{"class":125},[47,57369,69],{"class":61},[47,57371,136],{"class":125},[47,57373,21],{"class":129},[47,57375,126],{"class":125},[47,57377,69],{"class":61},[47,57379,136],{"class":125},[47,57381,148],{"class":129},[47,57383,126],{"class":125},[47,57385,1402],{"class":61},[47,57387,57388,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57389,167],{"class":166},[47,57391,170],{"class":61},[47,57393,1142],{"class":173},[47,57395,30],{"class":61},[47,57397,41141],{"class":173},[47,57399,170],{"class":61},[47,57401,126],{"class":125},[47,57403,21],{"class":129},[47,57405,126],{"class":125},[47,57407,506],{"class":61},[14,57409,215],{},[37,57411,57412],{"className":39,"code":16933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,57413,57414],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,57415,57416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57417,16933],{"class":65},[14,57419,57420,57421,30],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[44,57422,1237],{},[32,57424,37902],{"id":37901},[14,57426,57427,57428,57430,57431,30],{},"The return value from ",[44,57429,57173],{}," is always an ",[44,57432,644],{},[14,57434,57435],{},"Possible results:",[291,57437,57438,57443,57448],{},[294,57439,57440,57442],{},[44,57441,1237],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[294,57444,57445,57447],{},[44,57446,66],{}," if it appears once",[294,57449,57450,57452],{},[44,57451,1931],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57454,2083],{},[37,57456,57458],{"className":39,"code":57457,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[44,57459,57460,57500,57504,57529,57554],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,57461,57462,57464,57466,57468,57470,57472,57474,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57463,823],{"class":53},[47,57465,58],{"class":57},[47,57467,957],{"class":61},[47,57469,126],{"class":125},[47,57471,832],{"class":129},[47,57473,126],{"class":125},[47,57475,69],{"class":61},[47,57477,136],{"class":125},[47,57479,850],{"class":129},[47,57481,126],{"class":125},[47,57483,69],{"class":61},[47,57485,136],{"class":125},[47,57487,841],{"class":129},[47,57489,126],{"class":125},[47,57491,69],{"class":61},[47,57493,136],{"class":125},[47,57495,850],{"class":129},[47,57497,126],{"class":125},[47,57499,1402],{"class":61},[47,57501,57502],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57503,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,57505,57506,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57507,167],{"class":166},[47,57509,170],{"class":61},[47,57511,863],{"class":173},[47,57513,30],{"class":61},[47,57515,41141],{"class":173},[47,57517,170],{"class":61},[47,57519,126],{"class":125},[47,57521,850],{"class":129},[47,57523,126],{"class":125},[47,57525,5235],{"class":61},[47,57527,57528],{"class":1494},"   # 2\n",[47,57530,57531,57533,57535,57537,57539,57541,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,57532,167],{"class":166},[47,57534,170],{"class":61},[47,57536,863],{"class":173},[47,57538,30],{"class":61},[47,57540,41141],{"class":173},[47,57542,170],{"class":61},[47,57544,126],{"class":125},[47,57546,832],{"class":129},[47,57548,126],{"class":125},[47,57550,5235],{"class":61},[47,57552,57553],{"class":1494},"    # 1\n",[47,57555,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,57557,167],{"class":166},[47,57559,170],{"class":61},[47,57561,863],{"class":173},[47,57563,30],{"class":61},[47,57565,41141],{"class":173},[47,57567,170],{"class":61},[47,57569,126],{"class":125},[47,57571,22400],{"class":129},[47,57573,126],{"class":125},[47,57575,5235],{"class":61},[47,57577,57578],{"class":1494}," # 0\n",[14,57580,57581,57582,57584,57585,57587,57588,30],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[44,57583,57173],{}," works, but using ",[44,57586,3756],{}," is often simpler. See ",[21,57589,6072],{"href":6071},[32,57591,57593],{"id":57592},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57595,57596,57598],{},[44,57597,57178],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57600,57601],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57603,43532],{},[291,57605,57606,57609,57612,57619],{},[294,57607,57608],{},"matches are based on equality",[294,57610,57611],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[294,57613,57614,4267,57616,57618],{},[44,57615,66],{},[44,57617,3477],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[294,57620,57621],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[773,57623,57625],{"id":57624},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[37,57627,57629],{"className":39,"code":57628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[44,57630,57631,57664,57688],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,57632,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57634,3943],{"class":53},[47,57636,58],{"class":57},[47,57638,957],{"class":61},[47,57640,126],{"class":125},[47,57642,405],{"class":129},[47,57644,126],{"class":125},[47,57646,69],{"class":61},[47,57648,136],{"class":125},[47,57650,57651],{"class":129},"Apple",[47,57653,126],{"class":125},[47,57655,69],{"class":61},[47,57657,136],{"class":125},[47,57659,405],{"class":129},[47,57661,126],{"class":125},[47,57663,1402],{"class":61},[47,57665,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57667,167],{"class":166},[47,57669,170],{"class":61},[47,57671,3986],{"class":173},[47,57673,30],{"class":61},[47,57675,41141],{"class":173},[47,57677,170],{"class":61},[47,57679,126],{"class":125},[47,57681,405],{"class":129},[47,57683,126],{"class":125},[47,57685,5235],{"class":61},[47,57687,51299],{"class":1494},[47,57689,57690,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57691,167],{"class":166},[47,57693,170],{"class":61},[47,57695,3986],{"class":173},[47,57697,30],{"class":61},[47,57699,41141],{"class":173},[47,57701,170],{"class":61},[47,57703,126],{"class":125},[47,57705,57651],{"class":129},[47,57707,126],{"class":125},[47,57709,5235],{"class":61},[47,57711,27657],{"class":1494},[14,57713,57714,4267,57717,57720],{},[44,57715,57716],{},"\"apple\"",[44,57718,57719],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[773,57722,57724,4267,57726,57728],{"id":57723},"_1-and-true-can-match",[44,57725,66],{},[44,57727,3477],{}," can match",[37,57730,57732],{"className":39,"code":57731,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[44,57733,57734,57758,57778],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,57735,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57737,1196],{"class":53},[47,57739,58],{"class":57},[47,57741,957],{"class":61},[47,57743,66],{"class":65},[47,57745,69],{"class":61},[47,57747,413],{"class":412},[47,57749,69],{"class":61},[47,57751,72],{"class":65},[47,57753,69],{"class":61},[47,57755,1242],{"class":65},[47,57757,1402],{"class":61},[47,57759,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57761,167],{"class":166},[47,57763,170],{"class":61},[47,57765,1221],{"class":173},[47,57767,30],{"class":61},[47,57769,41141],{"class":173},[47,57771,170],{"class":61},[47,57773,66],{"class":65},[47,57775,5235],{"class":61},[47,57777,50802],{"class":1494},[47,57779,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57781,167],{"class":166},[47,57783,170],{"class":61},[47,57785,1221],{"class":173},[47,57787,30],{"class":61},[47,57789,41141],{"class":173},[47,57791,170],{"class":61},[47,57793,3477],{"class":412},[47,57795,5235],{"class":61},[47,57797,50654],{"class":1494},[14,57799,4284],{},[14,57801,57802],{},"In Python:",[291,57804,57805,57810],{},[294,57806,57807],{},[44,57808,57809],{},"True == 1",[294,57811,57812],{},[44,57813,57814],{},"False == 0",[14,57816,53538,57817,57819],{},[44,57818,57173],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[773,57821,57823],{"id":57822},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[37,57825,57827],{"className":39,"code":57826,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[44,57828,57829,57871],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,57830,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57863,57865,57867,57869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57832,7654],{"class":53},[47,57834,58],{"class":57},[47,57836,56179],{"class":61},[47,57838,66],{"class":65},[47,57840,69],{"class":61},[47,57842,72],{"class":65},[47,57844,17938],{"class":61},[47,57846,957],{"class":61},[47,57848,1937],{"class":65},[47,57850,69],{"class":61},[47,57852,2333],{"class":65},[47,57854,17938],{"class":61},[47,57856,957],{"class":61},[47,57858,66],{"class":65},[47,57860,69],{"class":61},[47,57862,72],{"class":65},[47,57864,17938],{"class":61},[47,57866,957],{"class":61},[47,57868,66],{"class":65},[47,57870,53127],{"class":61},[47,57872,57873,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57874,167],{"class":166},[47,57876,170],{"class":61},[47,57878,7684],{"class":173},[47,57880,30],{"class":61},[47,57882,41141],{"class":173},[47,57884,122],{"class":61},[47,57886,66],{"class":65},[47,57888,69],{"class":61},[47,57890,72],{"class":65},[47,57892,4610],{"class":61},[47,57894,51299],{"class":1494},[14,57896,57897],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[32,57899,57901],{"id":57900},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[773,57903,57905],{"id":57904},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[37,57907,57909],{"className":39,"code":57908,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,57910,57911,57939,57957,57961],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,57912,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57914,54],{"class":53},[47,57916,58],{"class":57},[47,57918,957],{"class":61},[47,57920,960],{"class":65},[47,57922,69],{"class":61},[47,57924,965],{"class":65},[47,57926,69],{"class":61},[47,57928,5879],{"class":65},[47,57930,69],{"class":61},[47,57932,7669],{"class":65},[47,57934,69],{"class":61},[47,57936,5879],{"class":65},[47,57938,1402],{"class":61},[47,57940,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57942,2106],{"class":53},[47,57944,58],{"class":57},[47,57946,4136],{"class":53},[47,57948,30],{"class":61},[47,57950,41141],{"class":173},[47,57952,170],{"class":61},[47,57954,960],{"class":65},[47,57956,80],{"class":61},[47,57958,57959],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57960,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,57962,57963,57965,57967,57969],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,57964,167],{"class":166},[47,57966,170],{"class":61},[47,57968,2141],{"class":173},[47,57970,80],{"class":61},[14,57972,215],{},[37,57974,57975],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,57976,57977],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,57978,57979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57980,46500],{"class":65},[773,57982,57984],{"id":57983},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[37,57986,57988],{"className":39,"code":57987,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,57989,57990,58032,58054,58058],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,57991,57992,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021,58023,58025,58028,58030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57993,3943],{"class":53},[47,57995,58],{"class":57},[47,57997,957],{"class":61},[47,57999,126],{"class":125},[47,58001,36929],{"class":129},[47,58003,126],{"class":125},[47,58005,69],{"class":61},[47,58007,136],{"class":125},[47,58009,58010],{"class":129},"dog",[47,58012,126],{"class":125},[47,58014,69],{"class":61},[47,58016,136],{"class":125},[47,58018,36929],{"class":129},[47,58020,126],{"class":125},[47,58022,69],{"class":61},[47,58024,136],{"class":125},[47,58026,58027],{"class":129},"bird",[47,58029,126],{"class":125},[47,58031,1402],{"class":61},[47,58033,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58035,2106],{"class":53},[47,58037,58],{"class":57},[47,58039,6042],{"class":53},[47,58041,30],{"class":61},[47,58043,41141],{"class":173},[47,58045,170],{"class":61},[47,58047,126],{"class":125},[47,58049,36929],{"class":129},[47,58051,126],{"class":125},[47,58053,80],{"class":61},[47,58055,58056],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,58057,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,58059,58060,58062,58064,58066],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,58061,167],{"class":166},[47,58063,170],{"class":61},[47,58065,2141],{"class":173},[47,58067,80],{"class":61},[14,58069,215],{},[37,58071,58072],{"className":39,"code":16933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,58073,58074],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,58075,58076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58077,16933],{"class":65},[773,58079,58081],{"id":58080},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[37,58083,58085],{"className":39,"code":58084,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,58086,58087,58111,58129,58133],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,58088,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58090,54],{"class":53},[47,58092,58],{"class":57},[47,58094,957],{"class":61},[47,58096,66],{"class":65},[47,58098,69],{"class":61},[47,58100,72],{"class":65},[47,58102,69],{"class":61},[47,58104,77],{"class":65},[47,58106,69],{"class":61},[47,58108,2333],{"class":65},[47,58110,1402],{"class":61},[47,58112,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58114,2106],{"class":53},[47,58116,58],{"class":57},[47,58118,4136],{"class":53},[47,58120,30],{"class":61},[47,58122,41141],{"class":173},[47,58124,170],{"class":61},[47,58126,104],{"class":65},[47,58128,80],{"class":61},[47,58130,58131],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,58132,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,58134,58135,58137,58139,58141],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,58136,167],{"class":166},[47,58138,170],{"class":61},[47,58140,2141],{"class":173},[47,58142,80],{"class":61},[14,58144,215],{},[37,58146,58147],{"className":39,"code":47135,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,58148,58149],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,58150,58151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58152,47135],{"class":65},[773,58154,58156],{"id":58155},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[37,58158,58160],{"className":39,"code":58159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,58161,58162,58208,58230,58234],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,58163,58164,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198,58200,58202,58204,58206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58165,392],{"class":53},[47,58167,58],{"class":57},[47,58169,56179],{"class":61},[47,58171,66],{"class":65},[47,58173,69],{"class":61},[47,58175,72],{"class":65},[47,58177,17938],{"class":61},[47,58179,957],{"class":61},[47,58181,66],{"class":65},[47,58183,69],{"class":61},[47,58185,72],{"class":65},[47,58187,17938],{"class":61},[47,58189,957],{"class":61},[47,58191,1931],{"class":65},[47,58193,69],{"class":61},[47,58195,77],{"class":65},[47,58197,17938],{"class":61},[47,58199,957],{"class":61},[47,58201,66],{"class":65},[47,58203,69],{"class":61},[47,58205,72],{"class":65},[47,58207,53127],{"class":61},[47,58209,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226,58228],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58211,2106],{"class":53},[47,58213,58],{"class":57},[47,58215,14445],{"class":53},[47,58217,30],{"class":61},[47,58219,41141],{"class":173},[47,58221,122],{"class":61},[47,58223,66],{"class":65},[47,58225,69],{"class":61},[47,58227,72],{"class":65},[47,58229,153],{"class":61},[47,58231,58232],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,58233,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,58235,58236,58238,58240,58242],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,58237,167],{"class":166},[47,58239,170],{"class":61},[47,58241,2141],{"class":173},[47,58243,80],{"class":61},[14,58245,215],{},[37,58247,58248],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,58249,58250],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,58251,58252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58253,46500],{"class":65},[32,58255,4836,58257],{"id":58256},"when-to-use-count",[44,58258,57173],{},[14,58260,1967,58261,58263],{},[44,58262,57173],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58265,58266],{},"Good use cases:",[291,58268,58269,58272,58275],{},[294,58270,58271],{},"counting one specific item",[294,58273,58274],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[294,58276,58277],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58279,2083],{},[37,58281,58283],{"className":39,"code":58282,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[44,58284,58285,58326,58350,58354],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,58286,58287,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308,58310,58312,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322,58324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58288,58289],{"class":53},"votes ",[47,58291,58],{"class":57},[47,58293,957],{"class":61},[47,58295,126],{"class":125},[47,58297,8535],{"class":129},[47,58299,126],{"class":125},[47,58301,69],{"class":61},[47,58303,136],{"class":125},[47,58305,8475],{"class":129},[47,58307,126],{"class":125},[47,58309,69],{"class":61},[47,58311,136],{"class":125},[47,58313,8535],{"class":129},[47,58315,126],{"class":125},[47,58317,69],{"class":61},[47,58319,136],{"class":125},[47,58321,8535],{"class":129},[47,58323,126],{"class":125},[47,58325,1402],{"class":61},[47,58327,58328,58331,58333,58336,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346,58348],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58329,58330],{"class":53},"yes_votes ",[47,58332,58],{"class":57},[47,58334,58335],{"class":53}," votes",[47,58337,30],{"class":61},[47,58339,41141],{"class":173},[47,58341,170],{"class":61},[47,58343,126],{"class":125},[47,58345,8535],{"class":129},[47,58347,126],{"class":125},[47,58349,80],{"class":61},[47,58351,58352],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,58353,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,58355,58356,58358,58360,58363],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,58357,167],{"class":166},[47,58359,170],{"class":61},[47,58361,58362],{"class":173},"yes_votes",[47,58364,80],{"class":61},[14,58366,58367,58369],{},[44,58368,57173],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58371,58372,58373,4267,58375,30],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[21,58374,52656],{"href":50863},[21,58376,58378],{"href":58377},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[32,58380,1284],{"id":1283},[14,58382,8324,58383,30],{},[44,58384,57178],{},[773,58386,58388],{"id":58387},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58390,58391,58393],{},[44,58392,57178],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[37,58395,58397],{"className":39,"code":58396,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[44,58398,58399,58432],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,58400,58401,58403,58405,58407,58409,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58402,3943],{"class":53},[47,58404,58],{"class":57},[47,58406,957],{"class":61},[47,58408,126],{"class":125},[47,58410,58411],{"class":129},"apple pie",[47,58413,126],{"class":125},[47,58415,69],{"class":61},[47,58417,136],{"class":125},[47,58419,3960],{"class":129},[47,58421,126],{"class":125},[47,58423,69],{"class":61},[47,58425,136],{"class":125},[47,58427,58411],{"class":129},[47,58429,126],{"class":125},[47,58431,1402],{"class":61},[47,58433,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58435,167],{"class":166},[47,58437,170],{"class":61},[47,58439,3986],{"class":173},[47,58441,30],{"class":61},[47,58443,41141],{"class":173},[47,58445,170],{"class":61},[47,58447,126],{"class":125},[47,58449,405],{"class":129},[47,58451,126],{"class":125},[47,58453,5235],{"class":61},[47,58455,51131],{"class":1494},[14,58457,2364,58458,2368],{},[44,58459,1237],{},[14,58461,28938,58462,58464,58465,30],{},[44,58463,57716],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[44,58466,58467],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58469,58470,58471,30],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[44,58472,58473],{},"str.count()",[773,58475,8330,58477,8333,58479,25,58481],{"id":58476},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[44,58478,57173],{},[44,58480,3477],{},[44,58482,3546],{},[14,58484,58485,58487],{},[44,58486,57173],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[37,58489,58491],{"className":39,"code":58490,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[44,58492,58493,58517],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,58494,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507,58509,58511,58513,58515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58496,54],{"class":53},[47,58498,58],{"class":57},[47,58500,957],{"class":61},[47,58502,66],{"class":65},[47,58504,69],{"class":61},[47,58506,72],{"class":65},[47,58508,69],{"class":61},[47,58510,72],{"class":65},[47,58512,69],{"class":61},[47,58514,77],{"class":65},[47,58516,1402],{"class":61},[47,58518,58519,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531,58533,58535],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58520,167],{"class":166},[47,58522,170],{"class":61},[47,58524,174],{"class":173},[47,58526,30],{"class":61},[47,58528,41141],{"class":173},[47,58530,170],{"class":61},[47,58532,1931],{"class":65},[47,58534,5235],{"class":61},[47,58536,51299],{"class":1494},[14,58538,58539],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[37,58541,58543],{"className":39,"code":58542,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[44,58544,58545],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,58546,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557,58559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58548,167],{"class":166},[47,58550,170],{"class":61},[47,58552,1931],{"class":65},[47,58554,21049],{"class":3749},[47,58556,4136],{"class":173},[47,58558,3533],{"class":61},[47,58560,3536],{"class":1494},[773,58562,58564],{"id":58563},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[37,58566,58568],{"className":39,"code":58567,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[44,58569,58570,58603],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,58571,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596,58599,58601],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58573,4870],{"class":53},[47,58575,58],{"class":57},[47,58577,957],{"class":61},[47,58579,126],{"class":125},[47,58581,7551],{"class":129},[47,58583,126],{"class":125},[47,58585,69],{"class":61},[47,58587,136],{"class":125},[47,58589,20095],{"class":129},[47,58591,126],{"class":125},[47,58593,69],{"class":61},[47,58595,136],{"class":125},[47,58597,58598],{"class":129},"SAM",[47,58600,126],{"class":125},[47,58602,1402],{"class":61},[47,58604,58605,58607,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621,58623,58625],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58606,167],{"class":166},[47,58608,170],{"class":61},[47,58610,4914],{"class":173},[47,58612,30],{"class":61},[47,58614,41141],{"class":173},[47,58616,170],{"class":61},[47,58618,126],{"class":125},[47,58620,20095],{"class":129},[47,58622,126],{"class":125},[47,58624,5235],{"class":61},[47,58626,27657],{"class":1494},[14,58628,58629,58630,58633],{},"Only the exact string ",[44,58631,58632],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[773,58635,29527,58637,33428],{"id":58636},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[44,58638,57173],{},[14,58640,58641],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[37,58643,58645],{"className":39,"code":58644,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[44,58646,58647,58657,58671,58689,58703,58715],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,58648,58649,58651,58653,58655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58650,167],{"class":166},[47,58652,170],{"class":61},[47,58654,8215],{"class":173},[47,58656,80],{"class":61},[47,58658,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58660,167],{"class":166},[47,58662,170],{"class":61},[47,58664,499],{"class":118},[47,58666,170],{"class":61},[47,58668,8215],{"class":173},[47,58670,506],{"class":61},[47,58672,58673,58675,58677,58679,58681,58683,58685,58687],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,58674,167],{"class":166},[47,58676,170],{"class":61},[47,58678,8215],{"class":173},[47,58680,30],{"class":61},[47,58682,41141],{"class":173},[47,58684,170],{"class":61},[47,58686,605],{"class":173},[47,58688,506],{"class":61},[47,58690,58691,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,58692,167],{"class":166},[47,58694,170],{"class":61},[47,58696,588],{"class":173},[47,58698,3756],{"class":3749},[47,58700,8272],{"class":173},[47,58702,80],{"class":61},[47,58704,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,58706,5832],{"class":3749},[47,58708,5835],{"class":53},[47,58710,3756],{"class":3749},[47,58712,8272],{"class":53},[47,58714,6268],{"class":61},[47,58716,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,58718,7944],{"class":166},[47,58720,170],{"class":61},[47,58722,41660],{"class":166},[47,58724,170],{"class":61},[47,58726,1329],{"class":173},[47,58728,506],{"class":61},[14,58730,58731],{},"These checks can help you see:",[291,58733,58734,58737,58740],{},[294,58735,58736],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[294,58738,58739],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[294,58741,58742],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58744,58745],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[291,58747,58748,58753,58756,58763],{},[294,58749,50375,58750,58752],{},[44,58751,57173],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[294,58754,58755],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[294,58757,10984,58758,58760,58761],{},[44,58759,57178],{}," with string ",[44,58762,57173],{},[294,58764,58765],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[32,58767,1708],{"id":1707},[773,58769,12584,58771,58773],{"id":58770},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[44,58772,57178],{}," change the list?",[14,58775,58776],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[773,58778,58780],{"id":58779},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58782,11790,58783,30],{},[44,58784,1237],{},[773,58786,5044,58788,58790],{"id":58787},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[44,58789,57178],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58792,58793],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[773,58795,14782,58797,58799],{"id":58796},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[44,58798,57178],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58801,42033,58802,4267,58804,58806],{},[44,58803,57719],{},[44,58805,57716],{}," are different values.",[773,58808,5032,58810,58812,58813,2368],{"id":58809},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[44,58811,3477],{}," sometimes count like ",[44,58814,66],{},[14,58816,8663,58817,58819,58820,4267,58822,58819,58824,30],{},[44,58818,3477],{}," compares equal to ",[44,58821,66],{},[44,58823,3546],{},[44,58825,1237],{},[32,58827,1758],{"id":1757},[291,58829,58830,58834,58840,58844,58852,58859],{},[294,58831,58832],{},[21,58833,52656],{"href":50863},[294,58835,58836],{},[21,58837,58839],{"href":58838},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[294,58841,58842],{},[21,58843,6809],{"href":6071},[294,58845,58846],{},[21,58847,55405,58849,10617],{"href":58848},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[44,58850,58851],{},"index()",[294,58853,58854],{},[21,58855,3448,58857],{"href":58856},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[44,58858,42242],{},[294,58860,58861],{},[21,58862,58863],{"href":58377},"What is a list in Python",[1796,58865,58866],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":58868},[58869,58870,58872,58873,58874,58880,58886,58888,58896,58907],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":57270,"depth":83,"text":58871},"What list.count() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":37901,"depth":83,"text":37902},{"id":57592,"depth":83,"text":57593,"children":58875},[58876,58877,58879],{"id":57624,"depth":94,"text":57625},{"id":57723,"depth":94,"text":58878},"1 and True can match",{"id":57822,"depth":94,"text":57823},{"id":57900,"depth":83,"text":57901,"children":58881},[58882,58883,58884,58885],{"id":57904,"depth":94,"text":57905},{"id":57983,"depth":94,"text":57984},{"id":58080,"depth":94,"text":58081},{"id":58155,"depth":94,"text":58156},{"id":58256,"depth":83,"text":58887},"When to use count()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":58889},[58890,58891,58893,58894],{"id":58387,"depth":94,"text":58388},{"id":58476,"depth":94,"text":58892},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58563,"depth":94,"text":58564},{"id":58636,"depth":94,"text":58895},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":58897},[58898,58900,58901,58903,58905],{"id":58770,"depth":94,"text":58899},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58779,"depth":94,"text":58780},{"id":58787,"depth":94,"text":58902},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58796,"depth":94,"text":58904},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58809,"depth":94,"text":58906},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57165,"description":58908},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58915,"title":58916,"body":58917,"description":60877,"extension":1837,"meta":60878,"navigation":159,"path":60879,"seo":60880,"stem":60881,"__hash__":60882},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58918,"toc":60840},[58919,58922,58925,58927,59055,59059,59140,59151,59153,59172,59176,59179,59182,59200,59202,59245,59249,59274,59283,59287,59292,59295,59410,59414,59483,59487,59499,59503,59506,59547,59551,59564,59567,59652,59656,59689,59696,59702,59707,59709,59721,59725,59758,59762,59794,59798,59835,59839,59859,59863,59896,59900,59929,59940,59944,59947,59950,59963,60020,60024,60063,60069,60072,60074,60077,60081,60084,60109,60111,60136,60143,60146,60191,60195,60214,60217,60256,60263,60268,60302,60306,60407,60414,60447,60451,60477,60481,60484,60522,60525,60562,60566,60569,60588,60592,60653,60655,60673,60677,60680,60683,60712,60714,60718,60721,60729,60733,60736,60756,60762,60768,60772,60775,60782,60790,60792,60831,60837],[10,58920,58916],{"id":58921},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,58923,58924],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[32,58926,3482],{"id":3481},[37,58928,58930],{"className":39,"code":58929,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[44,58931,58932,58952,58984,58992,59010,59014,59024,59034,59045],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,58933,58934,58936,58938,58940,58942,58944,58946,58948,58950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58935,54],{"class":53},[47,58937,58],{"class":57},[47,58939,957],{"class":61},[47,58941,66],{"class":65},[47,58943,69],{"class":61},[47,58945,72],{"class":65},[47,58947,69],{"class":61},[47,58949,77],{"class":65},[47,58951,1402],{"class":61},[47,58953,58954,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58955,4870],{"class":53},[47,58957,58],{"class":57},[47,58959,957],{"class":61},[47,58961,126],{"class":125},[47,58963,12760],{"class":129},[47,58965,126],{"class":125},[47,58967,69],{"class":61},[47,58969,136],{"class":125},[47,58971,35823],{"class":129},[47,58973,126],{"class":125},[47,58975,69],{"class":61},[47,58977,136],{"class":125},[47,58979,35832],{"class":129},[47,58981,126],{"class":125},[47,58983,1402],{"class":61},[47,58985,58986,58988,58990],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,58987,55816],{"class":53},[47,58989,58],{"class":57},[47,58991,7713],{"class":61},[47,58993,58994,58996,58998,59000,59002,59004,59006,59008],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,58995,1118],{"class":53},[47,58997,58],{"class":57},[47,58999,22436],{"class":118},[47,59001,170],{"class":61},[47,59003,126],{"class":125},[47,59005,1129],{"class":129},[47,59007,126],{"class":125},[47,59009,80],{"class":61},[47,59011,59012],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,59013,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,59015,59016,59018,59020,59022],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,59017,167],{"class":166},[47,59019,170],{"class":61},[47,59021,174],{"class":173},[47,59023,80],{"class":61},[47,59025,59026,59028,59030,59032],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,59027,167],{"class":166},[47,59029,170],{"class":61},[47,59031,4914],{"class":173},[47,59033,80],{"class":61},[47,59035,59036,59038,59040,59043],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,59037,167],{"class":166},[47,59039,170],{"class":61},[47,59041,59042],{"class":173},"empty_list",[47,59044,80],{"class":61},[47,59046,59047,59049,59051,59053],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,59048,167],{"class":166},[47,59050,170],{"class":61},[47,59052,1142],{"class":173},[47,59054,80],{"class":61},[14,59056,59057],{},[575,59058,215],{},[37,59060,59062],{"className":39,"code":59061,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[44,59063,59064,59080,59108,59112],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59065,59066,59068,59070,59072,59074,59076,59078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59067,3773],{"class":61},[47,59069,66],{"class":65},[47,59071,69],{"class":61},[47,59073,72],{"class":65},[47,59075,69],{"class":61},[47,59077,77],{"class":65},[47,59079,1402],{"class":61},[47,59081,59082,59084,59086,59088,59090,59092,59094,59096,59098,59100,59102,59104,59106],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59083,3773],{"class":61},[47,59085,256],{"class":125},[47,59087,12760],{"class":129},[47,59089,256],{"class":125},[47,59091,69],{"class":61},[47,59093,265],{"class":125},[47,59095,35823],{"class":129},[47,59097,256],{"class":125},[47,59099,69],{"class":61},[47,59101,265],{"class":125},[47,59103,35832],{"class":129},[47,59105,256],{"class":125},[47,59107,1402],{"class":61},[47,59109,59110],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,59111,38178],{"class":61},[47,59113,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124,59126,59128,59130,59132,59134,59136,59138],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,59115,3773],{"class":61},[47,59117,256],{"class":125},[47,59119,21],{"class":129},[47,59121,256],{"class":125},[47,59123,69],{"class":61},[47,59125,265],{"class":125},[47,59127,139],{"class":129},[47,59129,256],{"class":125},[47,59131,69],{"class":61},[47,59133,265],{"class":125},[47,59135,148],{"class":129},[47,59137,256],{"class":125},[47,59139,1402],{"class":61},[14,59141,59142,59143,59145,59146,59148,59149,30],{},"Use square brackets ",[44,59144,556],{}," for most lists. Use ",[44,59147,24657],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[44,59150,36079],{},[32,59152,289],{"id":288},[291,59154,59155,59158,59161,59164,59169],{},[294,59156,59157],{},"What a list is in Python",[294,59159,59160],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[294,59162,59163],{},"How to create an empty list",[294,59165,59166,59167,2180],{},"How to create a list with the ",[44,59168,24657],{},[294,59170,59171],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[32,59173,59175],{"id":59174},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59177,59178],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59180,59181],{},"This means:",[291,59183,59184,59187,59190,59193],{},[294,59185,59186],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[294,59188,59189],{},"The order of items is kept",[294,59191,59192],{},"A list can hold different data types",[294,59194,59195,59196,59199],{},"A list is ",[575,59197,59198],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59201,2083],{},[37,59203,59205],{"className":39,"code":59204,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[44,59206,59207,59231,59235],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59208,59209,59211,59213,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59210,7654],{"class":53},[47,59212,58],{"class":57},[47,59214,957],{"class":61},[47,59216,126],{"class":125},[47,59218,405],{"class":129},[47,59220,126],{"class":125},[47,59222,69],{"class":61},[47,59224,5879],{"class":65},[47,59226,69],{"class":61},[47,59228,413],{"class":412},[47,59230,1402],{"class":61},[47,59232,59233],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59234,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,59236,59237,59239,59241,59243],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,59238,167],{"class":166},[47,59240,170],{"class":61},[47,59242,7684],{"class":173},[47,59244,80],{"class":61},[14,59246,59247],{},[575,59248,215],{},[37,59250,59252],{"className":39,"code":59251,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[44,59253,59254],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59255,59256,59258,59260,59262,59264,59266,59268,59270,59272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59257,3773],{"class":61},[47,59259,256],{"class":125},[47,59261,405],{"class":129},[47,59263,256],{"class":125},[47,59265,69],{"class":61},[47,59267,5879],{"class":65},[47,59269,69],{"class":61},[47,59271,413],{"class":412},[47,59273,1402],{"class":61},[14,59275,59276,59277,25,59280,30],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[21,59278,59279],{"href":50863},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[21,59281,59282],{"href":58377},"What is a List in Python?",[32,59284,59286],{"id":59285},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59288,59142,59289,59291],{},[44,59290,556],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59293,59294],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[37,59296,59298],{"className":39,"code":59297,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[44,59299,59300,59320,59352,59376,59380,59390,59400],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59301,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59303,54],{"class":53},[47,59305,58],{"class":57},[47,59307,957],{"class":61},[47,59309,66],{"class":65},[47,59311,69],{"class":61},[47,59313,72],{"class":65},[47,59315,69],{"class":61},[47,59317,77],{"class":65},[47,59319,1402],{"class":61},[47,59321,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59323,4870],{"class":53},[47,59325,58],{"class":57},[47,59327,957],{"class":61},[47,59329,126],{"class":125},[47,59331,12760],{"class":129},[47,59333,126],{"class":125},[47,59335,69],{"class":61},[47,59337,136],{"class":125},[47,59339,35823],{"class":129},[47,59341,126],{"class":125},[47,59343,69],{"class":61},[47,59345,136],{"class":125},[47,59347,35832],{"class":129},[47,59349,126],{"class":125},[47,59351,1402],{"class":61},[47,59353,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,59355,879],{"class":53},[47,59357,58],{"class":57},[47,59359,957],{"class":61},[47,59361,960],{"class":65},[47,59363,69],{"class":61},[47,59365,136],{"class":125},[47,59367,3718],{"class":129},[47,59369,126],{"class":125},[47,59371,69],{"class":61},[47,59373,3780],{"class":412},[47,59375,1402],{"class":61},[47,59377,59378],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,59379,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,59381,59382,59384,59386,59388],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,59383,167],{"class":166},[47,59385,170],{"class":61},[47,59387,174],{"class":173},[47,59389,80],{"class":61},[47,59391,59392,59394,59396,59398],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,59393,167],{"class":166},[47,59395,170],{"class":61},[47,59397,4914],{"class":173},[47,59399,80],{"class":61},[47,59401,59402,59404,59406,59408],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,59403,167],{"class":166},[47,59405,170],{"class":61},[47,59407,908],{"class":173},[47,59409,80],{"class":61},[14,59411,59412],{},[575,59413,215],{},[37,59415,59417],{"className":39,"code":59416,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[44,59418,59419,59435,59463],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59420,59421,59423,59425,59427,59429,59431,59433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59422,3773],{"class":61},[47,59424,66],{"class":65},[47,59426,69],{"class":61},[47,59428,72],{"class":65},[47,59430,69],{"class":61},[47,59432,77],{"class":65},[47,59434,1402],{"class":61},[47,59436,59437,59439,59441,59443,59445,59447,59449,59451,59453,59455,59457,59459,59461],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59438,3773],{"class":61},[47,59440,256],{"class":125},[47,59442,12760],{"class":129},[47,59444,256],{"class":125},[47,59446,69],{"class":61},[47,59448,265],{"class":125},[47,59450,35823],{"class":129},[47,59452,256],{"class":125},[47,59454,69],{"class":61},[47,59456,265],{"class":125},[47,59458,35832],{"class":129},[47,59460,256],{"class":125},[47,59462,1402],{"class":61},[47,59464,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475,59477,59479,59481],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,59466,3773],{"class":61},[47,59468,960],{"class":65},[47,59470,69],{"class":61},[47,59472,265],{"class":125},[47,59474,3718],{"class":129},[47,59476,256],{"class":125},[47,59478,69],{"class":61},[47,59480,3780],{"class":412},[47,59482,1402],{"class":61},[773,59484,59486],{"id":59485},"key-points","Key points",[291,59488,59489,59494,59496],{},[294,59490,1967,59491,59493],{},[44,59492,556],{}," to make a new list",[294,59495,15310],{},[294,59497,59498],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[32,59500,59502],{"id":59501},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59504,59505],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[37,59507,59509],{"className":39,"code":59508,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[44,59510,59511,59519,59523,59533],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59512,59513,59515,59517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59514,8184],{"class":53},[47,59516,58],{"class":57},[47,59518,7713],{"class":61},[47,59520,59521],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59522,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,59524,59525,59527,59529,59531],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,59526,167],{"class":166},[47,59528,170],{"class":61},[47,59530,8215],{"class":173},[47,59532,80],{"class":61},[47,59534,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543,59545],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,59536,167],{"class":166},[47,59538,170],{"class":61},[47,59540,1698],{"class":166},[47,59542,170],{"class":61},[47,59544,8215],{"class":173},[47,59546,506],{"class":61},[14,59548,59549],{},[575,59550,215],{},[37,59552,59554],{"className":39,"code":59553,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[]\n0\n",[44,59555,59556,59560],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59557,59558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59559,38178],{"class":61},[47,59561,59562],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59563,47135],{"class":65},[14,59565,59566],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[37,59568,59570],{"className":39,"code":59569,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[44,59571,59572,59580,59584,59602,59620,59638,59642],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59573,59574,59576,59578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59575,4870],{"class":53},[47,59577,58],{"class":57},[47,59579,7713],{"class":61},[47,59581,59582],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59583,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,59585,59586,59588,59590,59592,59594,59596,59598,59600],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,59587,4914],{"class":53},[47,59589,30],{"class":61},[47,59591,13431],{"class":173},[47,59593,170],{"class":61},[47,59595,126],{"class":125},[47,59597,12760],{"class":129},[47,59599,126],{"class":125},[47,59601,80],{"class":61},[47,59603,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,59605,4914],{"class":53},[47,59607,30],{"class":61},[47,59609,13431],{"class":173},[47,59611,170],{"class":61},[47,59613,126],{"class":125},[47,59615,35823],{"class":129},[47,59617,126],{"class":125},[47,59619,80],{"class":61},[47,59621,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630,59632,59634,59636],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,59623,4914],{"class":53},[47,59625,30],{"class":61},[47,59627,13431],{"class":173},[47,59629,170],{"class":61},[47,59631,126],{"class":125},[47,59633,35832],{"class":129},[47,59635,126],{"class":125},[47,59637,80],{"class":61},[47,59639,59640],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,59641,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,59643,59644,59646,59648,59650],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,59645,167],{"class":166},[47,59647,170],{"class":61},[47,59649,4914],{"class":173},[47,59651,80],{"class":61},[14,59653,59654],{},[575,59655,215],{},[37,59657,59659],{"className":39,"code":59658,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[44,59660,59661],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59662,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59664,3773],{"class":61},[47,59666,256],{"class":125},[47,59668,12760],{"class":129},[47,59670,256],{"class":125},[47,59672,69],{"class":61},[47,59674,265],{"class":125},[47,59676,35823],{"class":129},[47,59678,256],{"class":125},[47,59680,69],{"class":61},[47,59682,265],{"class":125},[47,59684,35832],{"class":129},[47,59686,256],{"class":125},[47,59688,1402],{"class":61},[14,59690,59691,59692,30],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[21,59693,59694,10617],{"href":56652},[44,59695,52537],{},[32,59697,59699,59700],{"id":59698},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[44,59701,24657],{},[14,59703,1967,59704,59706],{},[44,59705,24657],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59708,5331],{},[291,59710,59711,59713,59715,59717],{},[294,59712,812],{},[294,59714,5178],{},[294,59716,5181],{},[294,59718,59719],{},[44,59720,36079],{},[773,59722,59724],{"id":59723},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[37,59726,59728],{"className":39,"code":59727,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[44,59729,59730,59748],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59731,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744,59746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59733,1118],{"class":53},[47,59735,58],{"class":57},[47,59737,22436],{"class":118},[47,59739,170],{"class":61},[47,59741,126],{"class":125},[47,59743,1129],{"class":129},[47,59745,126],{"class":125},[47,59747,80],{"class":61},[47,59749,59750,59752,59754,59756],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59751,167],{"class":166},[47,59753,170],{"class":61},[47,59755,1142],{"class":173},[47,59757,80],{"class":61},[14,59759,59760],{},[575,59761,215],{},[37,59763,59764],{"className":39,"code":42757,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,59765,59766],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59767,59768,59770,59772,59774,59776,59778,59780,59782,59784,59786,59788,59790,59792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59769,3773],{"class":61},[47,59771,256],{"class":125},[47,59773,21],{"class":129},[47,59775,256],{"class":125},[47,59777,69],{"class":61},[47,59779,265],{"class":125},[47,59781,139],{"class":129},[47,59783,256],{"class":125},[47,59785,69],{"class":61},[47,59787,265],{"class":125},[47,59789,148],{"class":129},[47,59791,256],{"class":125},[47,59793,1402],{"class":61},[773,59795,59797],{"id":59796},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[37,59799,59801],{"className":39,"code":59800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,59802,59803,59825],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59804,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59806,54],{"class":53},[47,59808,58],{"class":57},[47,59810,22436],{"class":118},[47,59812,5384],{"class":61},[47,59814,66],{"class":65},[47,59816,69],{"class":61},[47,59818,72],{"class":65},[47,59820,69],{"class":61},[47,59822,77],{"class":65},[47,59824,506],{"class":61},[47,59826,59827,59829,59831,59833],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59828,167],{"class":166},[47,59830,170],{"class":61},[47,59832,174],{"class":173},[47,59834,80],{"class":61},[14,59836,59837],{},[575,59838,215],{},[37,59840,59841],{"className":39,"code":55035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,59842,59843],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59844,59845,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59846,3773],{"class":61},[47,59848,66],{"class":65},[47,59850,69],{"class":61},[47,59852,72],{"class":65},[47,59854,69],{"class":61},[47,59856,77],{"class":65},[47,59858,1402],{"class":61},[773,59860,59862],{"id":59861},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[37,59864,59866],{"className":39,"code":59865,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[44,59867,59868,59886],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59869,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59871,1196],{"class":53},[47,59873,58],{"class":57},[47,59875,22436],{"class":118},[47,59877,170],{"class":61},[47,59879,1205],{"class":166},[47,59881,170],{"class":61},[47,59883,104],{"class":65},[47,59885,506],{"class":61},[47,59887,59888,59890,59892,59894],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59889,167],{"class":166},[47,59891,170],{"class":61},[47,59893,1221],{"class":173},[47,59895,80],{"class":61},[14,59897,59898],{},[575,59899,215],{},[37,59901,59903],{"className":39,"code":59902,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,59904,59905],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59906,59907,59909,59911,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59908,3773],{"class":61},[47,59910,1237],{"class":65},[47,59912,69],{"class":61},[47,59914,1242],{"class":65},[47,59916,69],{"class":61},[47,59918,72],{"class":65},[47,59920,69],{"class":61},[47,59922,77],{"class":65},[47,59924,69],{"class":61},[47,59926,2333],{"class":65},[47,59928,1402],{"class":61},[14,59930,59931,59933,59934,30],{},[44,59932,24657],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[21,59935,59937,59939],{"href":59936},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[44,59938,24657],{},": Function Explained",[32,59941,59943],{"id":59942},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,59945,59946],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,59948,59949],{},"Examples include:",[291,59951,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960],{},[294,59953,812],{},[294,59955,40305],{},[294,59957,51930],{},[294,59959,40475],{},[294,59961,59962],{},"other lists",[37,59964,59966],{"className":39,"code":59965,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[44,59967,59968,60006,60010],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,59969,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992,59994,59996,59998,60000,60002,60004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59971,392],{"class":53},[47,59973,58],{"class":57},[47,59975,957],{"class":61},[47,59977,126],{"class":125},[47,59979,12760],{"class":129},[47,59981,126],{"class":125},[47,59983,69],{"class":61},[47,59985,9181],{"class":65},[47,59987,69],{"class":61},[47,59989,413],{"class":412},[47,59991,69],{"class":61},[47,59993,957],{"class":61},[47,59995,66],{"class":65},[47,59997,69],{"class":61},[47,59999,72],{"class":65},[47,60001,69],{"class":61},[47,60003,77],{"class":65},[47,60005,53127],{"class":61},[47,60007,60008],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60009,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,60011,60012,60014,60016,60018],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,60013,167],{"class":166},[47,60015,170],{"class":61},[47,60017,424],{"class":173},[47,60019,80],{"class":61},[14,60021,60022],{},[575,60023,215],{},[37,60025,60027],{"className":39,"code":60026,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[44,60028,60029],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60030,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057,60059,60061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60032,3773],{"class":61},[47,60034,256],{"class":125},[47,60036,12760],{"class":129},[47,60038,256],{"class":125},[47,60040,69],{"class":61},[47,60042,9181],{"class":65},[47,60044,69],{"class":61},[47,60046,413],{"class":412},[47,60048,69],{"class":61},[47,60050,957],{"class":61},[47,60052,66],{"class":65},[47,60054,69],{"class":61},[47,60056,72],{"class":65},[47,60058,69],{"class":61},[47,60060,77],{"class":65},[47,60062,53127],{"class":61},[14,60064,60065,60066,30],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[575,60067,60068],{},"nested list",[14,60070,60071],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[32,60073,4393],{"id":4392},[14,60075,60076],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[773,60078,60080],{"id":60079},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60082,60083],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[37,60085,60087],{"className":39,"code":60086,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[44,60088,60089,60093],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60090,60091],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60092,4410],{"class":1494},[47,60094,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60107],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60096,54],{"class":53},[47,60098,58],{"class":57},[47,60100,957],{"class":61},[47,60102,66],{"class":65},[47,60104,72],{"class":65},[47,60106,77],{"class":65},[47,60108,1402],{"class":61},[14,60110,10684],{},[37,60112,60114],{"className":39,"code":60113,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,60115,60116],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60117,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132,60134],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60119,54],{"class":53},[47,60121,58],{"class":57},[47,60123,957],{"class":61},[47,60125,66],{"class":65},[47,60127,69],{"class":61},[47,60129,72],{"class":65},[47,60131,69],{"class":61},[47,60133,77],{"class":65},[47,60135,1402],{"class":61},[773,60137,8294,60139,10969,60141],{"id":60138},"using-instead-of",[44,60140,550],{},[44,60142,556],{},[14,60144,60145],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[37,60147,60149],{"className":39,"code":60148,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[44,60150,60151,60172,60176],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60152,60153,60156,60158,60160,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60154,60155],{"class":53},"my_values ",[47,60157,58],{"class":57},[47,60159,62],{"class":61},[47,60161,66],{"class":65},[47,60163,69],{"class":61},[47,60165,72],{"class":65},[47,60167,69],{"class":61},[47,60169,77],{"class":65},[47,60171,80],{"class":61},[47,60173,60174],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60175,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,60177,60178,60180,60182,60184,60186,60189],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,60179,167],{"class":166},[47,60181,170],{"class":61},[47,60183,499],{"class":118},[47,60185,170],{"class":61},[47,60187,60188],{"class":173},"my_values",[47,60190,506],{"class":61},[14,60192,60193],{},[575,60194,215],{},[37,60196,60198],{"className":39,"code":60197,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[44,60199,60200],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60201,60202,60204,60206,60208,60210,60212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60203,522],{"class":57},[47,60205,526],{"class":525},[47,60207,265],{"class":125},[47,60209,531],{"class":129},[47,60211,256],{"class":125},[47,60213,536],{"class":57},[14,60215,60216],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[37,60218,60220],{"className":39,"code":60219,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[44,60221,60222,60242],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60223,60224,60226,60228,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60225,60155],{"class":53},[47,60227,58],{"class":57},[47,60229,957],{"class":61},[47,60231,66],{"class":65},[47,60233,69],{"class":61},[47,60235,72],{"class":65},[47,60237,69],{"class":61},[47,60239,77],{"class":65},[47,60241,1402],{"class":61},[47,60243,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60245,167],{"class":166},[47,60247,170],{"class":61},[47,60249,499],{"class":118},[47,60251,170],{"class":61},[47,60253,60188],{"class":173},[47,60255,506],{"class":61},[773,60257,8330,60259,60262],{"id":60258},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[44,60260,60261],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60264,60265,60267],{},[44,60266,24657],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[37,60269,60271],{"className":39,"code":60270,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[44,60272,60273,60292],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60274,60275,60277,60279,60281,60283,60285,60288,60290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60276,2106],{"class":53},[47,60278,58],{"class":57},[47,60280,22436],{"class":118},[47,60282,170],{"class":61},[47,60284,126],{"class":125},[47,60286,60287],{"class":129},"hello world",[47,60289,126],{"class":125},[47,60291,80],{"class":61},[47,60293,60294,60296,60298,60300],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60295,167],{"class":166},[47,60297,170],{"class":61},[47,60299,2141],{"class":173},[47,60301,80],{"class":61},[14,60303,60304],{},[575,60305,215],{},[37,60307,60309],{"className":39,"code":60308,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[44,60310,60311],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60312,60313,60315,60317,60320,60322,60324,60326,60329,60331,60333,60335,60338,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348,60350,60352,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365,60367,60370,60372,60374,60376,60378,60380,60382,60384,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60314,3773],{"class":61},[47,60316,256],{"class":125},[47,60318,60319],{"class":129},"h",[47,60321,256],{"class":125},[47,60323,69],{"class":61},[47,60325,265],{"class":125},[47,60327,60328],{"class":129},"e",[47,60330,256],{"class":125},[47,60332,69],{"class":61},[47,60334,265],{"class":125},[47,60336,60337],{"class":129},"l",[47,60339,256],{"class":125},[47,60341,69],{"class":61},[47,60343,265],{"class":125},[47,60345,60337],{"class":129},[47,60347,256],{"class":125},[47,60349,69],{"class":61},[47,60351,265],{"class":125},[47,60353,60354],{"class":129},"o",[47,60356,256],{"class":125},[47,60358,69],{"class":61},[47,60360,265],{"class":125},[47,60362,265],{"class":125},[47,60364,69],{"class":61},[47,60366,265],{"class":125},[47,60368,60369],{"class":129},"w",[47,60371,256],{"class":125},[47,60373,69],{"class":61},[47,60375,265],{"class":125},[47,60377,60354],{"class":129},[47,60379,256],{"class":125},[47,60381,69],{"class":61},[47,60383,265],{"class":125},[47,60385,60386],{"class":129},"r",[47,60388,256],{"class":125},[47,60390,69],{"class":61},[47,60392,265],{"class":125},[47,60394,60337],{"class":129},[47,60396,256],{"class":125},[47,60398,69],{"class":61},[47,60400,265],{"class":125},[47,60402,18644],{"class":129},[47,60404,256],{"class":125},[47,60406,1402],{"class":61},[14,60408,60409,60410,60413],{},"If you want words, use ",[44,60411,60412],{},"split()"," instead:",[37,60415,60417],{"className":39,"code":60416,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[44,60418,60419,60437],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60420,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60422,3943],{"class":53},[47,60424,58],{"class":57},[47,60426,136],{"class":125},[47,60428,60287],{"class":129},[47,60430,126],{"class":125},[47,60432,30],{"class":61},[47,60434,34349],{"class":173},[47,60436,241],{"class":61},[47,60438,60439,60441,60443,60445],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60440,167],{"class":166},[47,60442,170],{"class":61},[47,60444,3986],{"class":173},[47,60446,80],{"class":61},[14,60448,60449],{},[575,60450,215],{},[37,60452,60454],{"className":39,"code":60453,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['hello', 'world']\n",[44,60455,60456],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60457,60458,60460,60462,60464,60466,60468,60470,60473,60475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60459,3773],{"class":61},[47,60461,256],{"class":125},[47,60463,3718],{"class":129},[47,60465,256],{"class":125},[47,60467,69],{"class":61},[47,60469,265],{"class":125},[47,60471,60472],{"class":129},"world",[47,60474,256],{"class":125},[47,60476,1402],{"class":61},[773,60478,60480],{"id":60479},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60482,60483],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[37,60485,60487],{"className":39,"code":60486,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[44,60488,60489,60493],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60490,60491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60492,4410],{"class":1494},[47,60494,60495,60497,60499,60501,60503,60505,60507,60509,60511,60514,60516,60518,60520],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60496,4870],{"class":53},[47,60498,58],{"class":57},[47,60500,957],{"class":61},[47,60502,126],{"class":125},[47,60504,12760],{"class":129},[47,60506,126],{"class":125},[47,60508,69],{"class":61},[47,60510,136],{"class":125},[47,60512,60513],{"class":129},"Ben', ",[47,60515,126],{"class":125},[47,60517,35832],{"class":53},[47,60519,126],{"class":125},[47,60521,1402],{"class":129},[14,60523,60524],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[37,60526,60528],{"className":39,"code":60527,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[44,60529,60530],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60531,60532,60534,60536,60538,60540,60542,60544,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60533,4870],{"class":53},[47,60535,58],{"class":57},[47,60537,957],{"class":61},[47,60539,126],{"class":125},[47,60541,12760],{"class":129},[47,60543,126],{"class":125},[47,60545,69],{"class":61},[47,60547,136],{"class":125},[47,60549,35823],{"class":129},[47,60551,126],{"class":125},[47,60553,69],{"class":61},[47,60555,136],{"class":125},[47,60557,35832],{"class":129},[47,60559,126],{"class":125},[47,60561,1402],{"class":61},[773,60563,60565],{"id":60564},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60567,60568],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[291,60570,60571,60574,60577,60582],{},[294,60572,60573],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[294,60575,60576],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[294,60578,60579,60580],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[44,60581,24657],{},[294,60583,8330,60584,60587],{},[44,60585,60586],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[773,60589,60591],{"id":60590},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[37,60593,60595],{"className":39,"code":60594,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[44,60596,60597,60607,60621,60635],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60598,60599,60601,60603,60605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60600,167],{"class":166},[47,60602,170],{"class":61},[47,60604,8215],{"class":173},[47,60606,80],{"class":61},[47,60608,60609,60611,60613,60615,60617,60619],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60610,167],{"class":166},[47,60612,170],{"class":61},[47,60614,499],{"class":118},[47,60616,170],{"class":61},[47,60618,8215],{"class":173},[47,60620,506],{"class":61},[47,60622,60623,60625,60627,60629,60631,60633],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,60624,167],{"class":166},[47,60626,170],{"class":61},[47,60628,1698],{"class":166},[47,60630,170],{"class":61},[47,60632,8215],{"class":173},[47,60634,506],{"class":61},[47,60636,60637,60639,60641,60643,60645,60647,60649,60651],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,60638,167],{"class":166},[47,60640,170],{"class":61},[47,60642,7969],{"class":118},[47,60644,170],{"class":61},[47,60646,1205],{"class":166},[47,60648,170],{"class":61},[47,60650,104],{"class":65},[47,60652,2788],{"class":61},[14,60654,25885],{},[291,60656,60657,60660,60663,60666],{},[294,60658,60659],{},"what the list contains",[294,60661,60662],{},"whether the value is really a list",[294,60664,60665],{},"how many items it has",[294,60667,25896,60668,60670,60671],{},[44,60669,24657],{}," does with ",[44,60672,36079],{},[32,60674,60676],{"id":60675},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60678,60679],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60681,60682],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[291,60684,60685,60700,60705],{},[294,60686,1967,60687,2064,60691,16949,60695,60699],{},[21,60688,60689],{"href":56652},[44,60690,52537],{},[21,60692,60693],{"href":53229},[44,60694,53331],{},[21,60696,60697],{"href":53793},[44,60698,54153],{}," to add items later",[294,60701,1967,60702,60704],{},[21,60703,59279],{"href":50863}," for a broader introduction",[294,60706,1967,60707,60711],{},[21,60708,60709,59939],{"href":59936},[44,60710,24657],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[32,60713,1708],{"id":1707},[773,60715,60717],{"id":60716},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60719,60720],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[37,60722,60723],{"className":39,"code":38178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,60724,60725],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60726,60727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60728,38178],{"class":61},[773,60730,60732],{"id":60731},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60734,60735],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[37,60737,60738],{"className":39,"code":55035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,60739,60740],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60741,60742,60744,60746,60748,60750,60752,60754],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60743,3773],{"class":61},[47,60745,66],{"class":65},[47,60747,69],{"class":61},[47,60749,72],{"class":65},[47,60751,69],{"class":61},[47,60753,77],{"class":65},[47,60755,1402],{"class":61},[773,60757,1744,60759,60761],{"id":60758},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[44,60760,24657],{}," do in Python?",[14,60763,60764,60765,60767],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[44,60766,36079],{},", into a list.",[773,60769,60771],{"id":60770},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60773,60774],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[773,60776,5054,60778,4267,60780,2368],{"id":60777},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[44,60779,556],{},[44,60781,550],{},[14,60783,60784,60786,60787,60789],{},[44,60785,556],{}," creates a list. ",[44,60788,550],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[32,60791,1758],{"id":1757},[291,60793,60794,60798,60804,60810,60816,60822,60826],{},[294,60795,60796],{},[21,60797,59279],{"href":50863},[294,60799,60800],{},[21,60801,55405,60802,11199],{"href":56652},[44,60803,52537],{},[294,60805,60806],{},[21,60807,55405,60808,11199],{"href":53229},[44,60809,53331],{},[294,60811,60812],{},[21,60813,55405,60814,11199],{"href":53793},[44,60815,54153],{},[294,60817,60818],{},[21,60819,3448,60820,3452],{"href":59936},[44,60821,24657],{},[294,60823,60824],{},[21,60825,59282],{"href":58377},[294,60827,60828],{},[21,60829,60830],{"href":11944},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,60832,60833,60834,60836],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[44,60835,52537],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1796,60838,60839],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":60841},[60842,60843,60844,60845,60848,60849,60855,60856,60866,60867,60876],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":288,"depth":83,"text":289},{"id":59174,"depth":83,"text":59175},{"id":59285,"depth":83,"text":59286,"children":60846},[60847],{"id":59485,"depth":94,"text":59486},{"id":59501,"depth":83,"text":59502},{"id":59698,"depth":83,"text":60850,"children":60851},"Create a list with list()",[60852,60853,60854],{"id":59723,"depth":94,"text":59724},{"id":59796,"depth":94,"text":59797},{"id":59861,"depth":94,"text":59862},{"id":59942,"depth":83,"text":59943},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":60857},[60858,60859,60861,60863,60864,60865],{"id":60079,"depth":94,"text":60080},{"id":60138,"depth":94,"text":60860},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60258,"depth":94,"text":60862},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60479,"depth":94,"text":60480},{"id":60564,"depth":94,"text":60565},{"id":60590,"depth":94,"text":60591},{"id":60675,"depth":83,"text":60676},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":60868},[60869,60870,60871,60873,60874],{"id":60716,"depth":94,"text":60717},{"id":60731,"depth":94,"text":60732},{"id":60758,"depth":94,"text":60872},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60770,"depth":94,"text":60771},{"id":60777,"depth":94,"text":60875},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58916,"description":60877},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60884,"title":60885,"body":60886,"description":62627,"extension":1837,"meta":62628,"navigation":159,"path":62629,"seo":62630,"stem":62631,"__hash__":62632},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60887,"toc":62582},[60888,60893,60898,60901,60903,60974,60979,60984,60988,61002,61007,61009,61029,61034,61037,61060,61064,61069,61161,61163,61185,61191,61197,61204,61211,61217,61274,61280,61338,61340,61352,61360,61366,61371,61375,61432,61435,61439,61498,61501,61505,61563,61575,61579,61632,61635,61639,61645,61651,61713,61716,61777,61780,61836,61841,61843,61847,61854,61915,61920,61929,61985,61992,61996,62054,62063,62121,62125,62160,62164,62174,62177,62232,62246,62249,62364,62369,62373,62384,62386,62465,62475,62477,62482,62487,62494,62502,62508,62511,62517,62520,62526,62532,62534,62570,62579],[10,60889,54227,60891,11199],{"id":60890},"python-list-extend-method",[44,60892,53331],{},[14,60894,60895,60897],{},[44,60896,53232],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,60899,60900],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[32,60902,35],{"id":34},[37,60904,60906],{"className":39,"code":60905,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,60907,60908,60924,60941,60945,60960,60970],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,60909,60910,60912,60914,60916,60918,60920,60922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60911,54],{"class":53},[47,60913,58],{"class":57},[47,60915,957],{"class":61},[47,60917,66],{"class":65},[47,60919,69],{"class":61},[47,60921,72],{"class":65},[47,60923,1402],{"class":61},[47,60925,60926,60929,60931,60933,60935,60937,60939],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60927,60928],{"class":53},"more_numbers ",[47,60930,58],{"class":57},[47,60932,957],{"class":61},[47,60934,1937],{"class":65},[47,60936,69],{"class":61},[47,60938,2333],{"class":65},[47,60940,1402],{"class":61},[47,60942,60943],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,60944,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,60946,60947,60949,60951,60953,60955,60958],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,60948,174],{"class":53},[47,60950,30],{"class":61},[47,60952,53361],{"class":173},[47,60954,170],{"class":61},[47,60956,60957],{"class":173},"more_numbers",[47,60959,80],{"class":61},[47,60961,60962,60964,60966,60968],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,60963,167],{"class":166},[47,60965,170],{"class":61},[47,60967,174],{"class":173},[47,60969,80],{"class":61},[47,60971,60972],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,60973,52608],{"class":1494},[14,60975,1967,60976,60978],{},[44,60977,53331],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[32,60980,3550,60982,3553],{"id":60981},"what-listextend-does",[44,60983,53232],{},[14,60985,60986,2760],{},[44,60987,53331],{},[291,60989,60990,60993,60995,60998],{},[294,60991,60992],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[294,60994,54313],{},[294,60996,60997],{},"Does not create a new list",[294,60999,11301,61000],{},[44,61001,3652],{},[14,61003,61004,61005,53686],{},"This is an important point: ",[44,61006,53331],{},[32,61008,2032],{"id":2031},[37,61010,61012],{"className":39,"code":61011,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[44,61013,61014],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61015,61016,61019,61021,61023,61025,61027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61017,61018],{"class":53},"list_name",[47,61020,30],{"class":61},[47,61022,53361],{"class":173},[47,61024,170],{"class":61},[47,61026,3594],{"class":173},[47,61028,80],{"class":61},[14,61030,5326,61031,61033],{},[575,61032,3594],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61035,61036],{},"Common iterables include:",[291,61038,61039,61043,61047,61051,61056],{},[294,61040,61041],{},[44,61042,7969],{},[294,61044,61045],{},[44,61046,531],{},[294,61048,61049],{},[44,61050,6161],{},[294,61052,61053],{},[44,61054,61055],{},"string",[294,61057,61058],{},[44,61059,1205],{},[32,61061,61063],{"id":61062},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61065,61066,61067,2760],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[44,61068,53331],{},[37,61070,61072],{"className":39,"code":61071,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[44,61073,61074,61098,61123,61127,61142,61146,61156],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61075,61076,61078,61080,61082,61084,61086,61088,61090,61092,61094,61096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61077,36120],{"class":53},[47,61079,58],{"class":57},[47,61081,957],{"class":61},[47,61083,126],{"class":125},[47,61085,405],{"class":129},[47,61087,126],{"class":125},[47,61089,69],{"class":61},[47,61091,136],{"class":125},[47,61093,3960],{"class":129},[47,61095,126],{"class":125},[47,61097,1402],{"class":61},[47,61099,61100,61103,61105,61107,61109,61111,61113,61115,61117,61119,61121],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61101,61102],{"class":53},"more_fruits ",[47,61104,58],{"class":57},[47,61106,957],{"class":61},[47,61108,126],{"class":125},[47,61110,33100],{"class":129},[47,61112,126],{"class":125},[47,61114,69],{"class":61},[47,61116,136],{"class":125},[47,61118,22409],{"class":129},[47,61120,126],{"class":125},[47,61122,1402],{"class":61},[47,61124,61125],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61126,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61128,61129,61131,61133,61135,61137,61140],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61130,36172],{"class":53},[47,61132,30],{"class":61},[47,61134,53361],{"class":173},[47,61136,170],{"class":61},[47,61138,61139],{"class":173},"more_fruits",[47,61141,80],{"class":61},[47,61143,61144],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,61145,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61147,61148,61150,61152,61154],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,61149,167],{"class":166},[47,61151,170],{"class":61},[47,61153,36172],{"class":173},[47,61155,80],{"class":61},[47,61157,61158],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,61159,61160],{"class":1494},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61162,11562],{},[291,61164,61165,61170,61175],{},[294,61166,61167,61169],{},[44,61168,36172],{}," starts with two items",[294,61171,61172,61174],{},[44,61173,61139],{}," has two more items",[294,61176,61177,61179,61180,61182,61183],{},[44,61178,53331],{}," adds each item from ",[44,61181,61139],{}," to ",[44,61184,36172],{},[14,61186,61187,61188,61190],{},"After the method runs, ",[44,61189,36172],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61192,54452,61193,4267,61195,30],{},[21,61194,52656],{"href":50863},[21,61196,57037],{"href":562},[32,61198,61200,10461,61202],{"id":61199},"extend-vs-append",[44,61201,53331],{},[44,61203,52537],{},[14,61205,61206,4267,61208,61210],{},[44,61207,53331],{},[44,61209,52537],{}," are often confused.",[773,61212,61214,61216],{"id":61213},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[44,61215,53331],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[37,61218,61220],{"className":39,"code":61219,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,61221,61222,61238,61256,61260,61270],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61223,61224,61226,61228,61230,61232,61234,61236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61225,54],{"class":53},[47,61227,58],{"class":57},[47,61229,957],{"class":61},[47,61231,66],{"class":65},[47,61233,69],{"class":61},[47,61235,72],{"class":65},[47,61237,1402],{"class":61},[47,61239,61240,61242,61244,61246,61248,61250,61252,61254],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61241,174],{"class":53},[47,61243,30],{"class":61},[47,61245,53361],{"class":173},[47,61247,122],{"class":61},[47,61249,1937],{"class":65},[47,61251,69],{"class":61},[47,61253,2333],{"class":65},[47,61255,153],{"class":61},[47,61257,61258],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61259,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61261,61262,61264,61266,61268],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61263,167],{"class":166},[47,61265,170],{"class":61},[47,61267,174],{"class":173},[47,61269,80],{"class":61},[47,61271,61272],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,61273,52608],{"class":1494},[773,61275,61277,61279],{"id":61276},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[44,61278,52537],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[37,61281,61283],{"className":39,"code":61282,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[44,61284,61285,61301,61319,61323,61333],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61286,61287,61289,61291,61293,61295,61297,61299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61288,54],{"class":53},[47,61290,58],{"class":57},[47,61292,957],{"class":61},[47,61294,66],{"class":65},[47,61296,69],{"class":61},[47,61298,72],{"class":65},[47,61300,1402],{"class":61},[47,61302,61303,61305,61307,61309,61311,61313,61315,61317],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61304,174],{"class":53},[47,61306,30],{"class":61},[47,61308,13431],{"class":173},[47,61310,122],{"class":61},[47,61312,1937],{"class":65},[47,61314,69],{"class":61},[47,61316,2333],{"class":65},[47,61318,153],{"class":61},[47,61320,61321],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61322,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61324,61325,61327,61329,61331],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61326,167],{"class":166},[47,61328,170],{"class":61},[47,61330,174],{"class":173},[47,61332,80],{"class":61},[47,61334,61335],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,61336,61337],{"class":1494},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61339,18571],{},[291,61341,61342,61347],{},[294,61343,61344,61346],{},[44,61345,53331],{}," to combine values",[294,61348,61349,61351],{},[44,61350,52537],{}," to add one item",[14,61353,41974,61354,4267,61358,30],{},[21,61355,55405,61356,10617],{"href":56652},[44,61357,52537],{},[21,61359,52934],{"href":52933},[32,61361,8294,61363,61365],{"id":61362},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[44,61364,53331],{}," with different iterables",[14,61367,61368,61370],{},[44,61369,53331],{}," works with more than just lists.",[773,61372,61374],{"id":61373},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[37,61376,61378],{"className":39,"code":61377,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,61379,61380,61396,61414,61418,61428],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61381,61382,61384,61386,61388,61390,61392,61394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61383,1196],{"class":53},[47,61385,58],{"class":57},[47,61387,957],{"class":61},[47,61389,66],{"class":65},[47,61391,69],{"class":61},[47,61393,72],{"class":65},[47,61395,1402],{"class":61},[47,61397,61398,61400,61402,61404,61406,61408,61410,61412],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61399,1221],{"class":53},[47,61401,30],{"class":61},[47,61403,53361],{"class":173},[47,61405,5384],{"class":61},[47,61407,1937],{"class":65},[47,61409,69],{"class":61},[47,61411,2333],{"class":65},[47,61413,506],{"class":61},[47,61415,61416],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61417,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61419,61420,61422,61424,61426],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61421,167],{"class":166},[47,61423,170],{"class":61},[47,61425,1221],{"class":173},[47,61427,80],{"class":61},[47,61429,61430],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,61431,52608],{"class":1494},[14,61433,61434],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[773,61436,61438],{"id":61437},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[37,61440,61442],{"className":39,"code":61441,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[44,61443,61444,61460,61479,61483,61493],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61445,61446,61448,61450,61452,61454,61456,61458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61447,1118],{"class":53},[47,61449,58],{"class":57},[47,61451,957],{"class":61},[47,61453,126],{"class":125},[47,61455,21],{"class":129},[47,61457,126],{"class":125},[47,61459,1402],{"class":61},[47,61461,61462,61464,61466,61468,61470,61472,61475,61477],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61463,1142],{"class":53},[47,61465,30],{"class":61},[47,61467,53361],{"class":173},[47,61469,170],{"class":61},[47,61471,126],{"class":125},[47,61473,61474],{"class":129},"bc",[47,61476,126],{"class":125},[47,61478,80],{"class":61},[47,61480,61481],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61482,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61484,61485,61487,61489,61491],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61486,167],{"class":166},[47,61488,170],{"class":61},[47,61490,1142],{"class":173},[47,61492,80],{"class":61},[47,61494,61495],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,61496,61497],{"class":1494},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61499,61500],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[773,61502,61504],{"id":61503},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[37,61506,61508],{"className":39,"code":61507,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[44,61509,61510,61522,61544,61548,61558],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61511,61512,61514,61516,61518,61520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61513,54],{"class":53},[47,61515,58],{"class":57},[47,61517,957],{"class":61},[47,61519,1237],{"class":65},[47,61521,1402],{"class":61},[47,61523,61524,61526,61528,61530,61532,61534,61536,61538,61540,61542],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61525,174],{"class":53},[47,61527,30],{"class":61},[47,61529,53361],{"class":173},[47,61531,170],{"class":61},[47,61533,1205],{"class":166},[47,61535,170],{"class":61},[47,61537,66],{"class":65},[47,61539,69],{"class":61},[47,61541,2333],{"class":65},[47,61543,506],{"class":61},[47,61545,61546],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61547,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61549,61550,61552,61554,61556],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61551,167],{"class":166},[47,61553,170],{"class":61},[47,61555,174],{"class":173},[47,61557,80],{"class":61},[47,61559,61560],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,61561,61562],{"class":1494},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61564,61565,61568,61569,2064,61571,16949,61573,30],{},[44,61566,61567],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[44,61570,66],{},[44,61572,1931],{},[44,61574,1937],{},[773,61576,61578],{"id":61577},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[37,61580,61582],{"className":39,"code":61581,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[44,61583,61584,61600,61618,61622],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61585,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594,61596,61598],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61587,7654],{"class":53},[47,61589,58],{"class":57},[47,61591,957],{"class":61},[47,61593,66],{"class":65},[47,61595,69],{"class":61},[47,61597,72],{"class":65},[47,61599,1402],{"class":61},[47,61601,61602,61604,61606,61608,61610,61612,61614,61616],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61603,7684],{"class":53},[47,61605,30],{"class":61},[47,61607,53361],{"class":173},[47,61609,5403],{"class":61},[47,61611,1937],{"class":65},[47,61613,69],{"class":61},[47,61615,2333],{"class":65},[47,61617,30374],{"class":61},[47,61619,61620],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61621,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61623,61624,61626,61628,61630],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61625,167],{"class":166},[47,61627,170],{"class":61},[47,61629,7684],{"class":173},[47,61631,80],{"class":61},[14,61633,61634],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[32,61636,61638],{"id":61637},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61640,61641,2274,61643,30],{},[44,61642,53331],{},[44,61644,3652],{},[14,61646,61647,61648,2760],{},"That means this is ",[575,61649,61650],{},"wrong",[37,61652,61654],{"className":39,"code":61653,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[44,61655,61656,61672,61694,61698,61708],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61657,61658,61660,61662,61664,61666,61668,61670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61659,54],{"class":53},[47,61661,58],{"class":57},[47,61663,957],{"class":61},[47,61665,66],{"class":65},[47,61667,69],{"class":61},[47,61669,72],{"class":65},[47,61671,1402],{"class":61},[47,61673,61674,61676,61678,61680,61682,61684,61686,61688,61690,61692],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61675,2106],{"class":53},[47,61677,58],{"class":57},[47,61679,4136],{"class":53},[47,61681,30],{"class":61},[47,61683,53361],{"class":173},[47,61685,122],{"class":61},[47,61687,1937],{"class":65},[47,61689,69],{"class":61},[47,61691,2333],{"class":65},[47,61693,153],{"class":61},[47,61695,61696],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61697,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61699,61700,61702,61704,61706],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61701,167],{"class":166},[47,61703,170],{"class":61},[47,61705,2141],{"class":173},[47,61707,80],{"class":61},[47,61709,61710],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,61711,61712],{"class":1494},"# None\n",[14,61714,61715],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[37,61717,61719],{"className":39,"code":61718,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[44,61720,61721,61737,61759,61763,61773],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61722,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61724,54],{"class":53},[47,61726,58],{"class":57},[47,61728,957],{"class":61},[47,61730,66],{"class":65},[47,61732,69],{"class":61},[47,61734,72],{"class":65},[47,61736,1402],{"class":61},[47,61738,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749,61751,61753,61755,61757],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61740,54],{"class":53},[47,61742,58],{"class":57},[47,61744,4136],{"class":53},[47,61746,30],{"class":61},[47,61748,53361],{"class":173},[47,61750,122],{"class":61},[47,61752,1937],{"class":65},[47,61754,69],{"class":61},[47,61756,2333],{"class":65},[47,61758,153],{"class":61},[47,61760,61761],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61762,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61764,61765,61767,61769,61771],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61766,167],{"class":166},[47,61768,170],{"class":61},[47,61770,174],{"class":173},[47,61772,80],{"class":61},[47,61774,61775],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,61776,61712],{"class":1494},[14,61778,61779],{},"The correct way is:",[37,61781,61782],{"className":39,"code":61219,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,61783,61784,61800,61818,61822,61832],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61785,61786,61788,61790,61792,61794,61796,61798],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61787,54],{"class":53},[47,61789,58],{"class":57},[47,61791,957],{"class":61},[47,61793,66],{"class":65},[47,61795,69],{"class":61},[47,61797,72],{"class":65},[47,61799,1402],{"class":61},[47,61801,61802,61804,61806,61808,61810,61812,61814,61816],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61803,174],{"class":53},[47,61805,30],{"class":61},[47,61807,53361],{"class":173},[47,61809,122],{"class":61},[47,61811,1937],{"class":65},[47,61813,69],{"class":61},[47,61815,2333],{"class":65},[47,61817,153],{"class":61},[47,61819,61820],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61821,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61823,61824,61826,61828,61830],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61825,167],{"class":166},[47,61827,170],{"class":61},[47,61829,174],{"class":173},[47,61831,80],{"class":61},[47,61833,61834],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,61835,52608],{"class":1494},[14,61837,55794,61838,61840],{},[44,61839,53331],{}," first, then use the original list.",[32,61842,4393],{"id":4392},[14,61844,14612,61845,30],{},[44,61846,53331],{},[773,61848,61850,61851,61853],{"id":61849},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[44,61852,53331],{}," to return a new list",[37,61855,61857],{"className":39,"code":61856,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[44,61858,61859,61875,61897,61901,61911],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61860,61861,61863,61865,61867,61869,61871,61873],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61862,54],{"class":53},[47,61864,58],{"class":57},[47,61866,957],{"class":61},[47,61868,66],{"class":65},[47,61870,69],{"class":61},[47,61872,72],{"class":65},[47,61874,1402],{"class":61},[47,61876,61877,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891,61893,61895],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61878,55527],{"class":53},[47,61880,58],{"class":57},[47,61882,4136],{"class":53},[47,61884,30],{"class":61},[47,61886,53361],{"class":173},[47,61888,122],{"class":61},[47,61890,1937],{"class":65},[47,61892,69],{"class":61},[47,61894,2333],{"class":65},[47,61896,153],{"class":61},[47,61898,61899],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61900,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61902,61903,61905,61907,61909],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61904,167],{"class":166},[47,61906,170],{"class":61},[47,61908,55546],{"class":173},[47,61910,80],{"class":61},[47,61912,61913],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,61914,61712],{"class":1494},[14,61916,61917,61918,30],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[44,61919,53331],{},[773,61921,61923,61924,44512,61926,61928],{"id":61922},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[44,61925,52537],{},[44,61927,53331],{}," is needed",[37,61930,61931],{"className":39,"code":61282,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,61932,61933,61949,61967,61971,61981],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,61934,61935,61937,61939,61941,61943,61945,61947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61936,54],{"class":53},[47,61938,58],{"class":57},[47,61940,957],{"class":61},[47,61942,66],{"class":65},[47,61944,69],{"class":61},[47,61946,72],{"class":65},[47,61948,1402],{"class":61},[47,61950,61951,61953,61955,61957,61959,61961,61963,61965],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61952,174],{"class":53},[47,61954,30],{"class":61},[47,61956,13431],{"class":173},[47,61958,122],{"class":61},[47,61960,1937],{"class":65},[47,61962,69],{"class":61},[47,61964,2333],{"class":65},[47,61966,153],{"class":61},[47,61968,61969],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61970,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,61972,61973,61975,61977,61979],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61974,167],{"class":166},[47,61976,170],{"class":61},[47,61978,174],{"class":173},[47,61980,80],{"class":61},[47,61982,61983],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,61984,61337],{"class":1494},[14,61986,61987,61988,53776,61990,6504],{},"If you wanted ",[44,61989,53775],{},[44,61991,53331],{},[773,61993,61995],{"id":61994},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[37,61997,61999],{"className":39,"code":61998,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[44,62000,62001,62017,62035,62039,62049],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,62002,62003,62005,62007,62009,62011,62013,62015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62004,3943],{"class":53},[47,62006,58],{"class":57},[47,62008,957],{"class":61},[47,62010,126],{"class":125},[47,62012,3718],{"class":129},[47,62014,126],{"class":125},[47,62016,1402],{"class":61},[47,62018,62019,62021,62023,62025,62027,62029,62031,62033],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62020,3986],{"class":53},[47,62022,30],{"class":61},[47,62024,53361],{"class":173},[47,62026,170],{"class":61},[47,62028,126],{"class":125},[47,62030,60472],{"class":129},[47,62032,126],{"class":125},[47,62034,80],{"class":61},[47,62036,62037],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,62038,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,62040,62041,62043,62045,62047],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,62042,167],{"class":166},[47,62044,170],{"class":61},[47,62046,3986],{"class":173},[47,62048,80],{"class":61},[47,62050,62051],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,62052,62053],{"class":1494},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62055,62056,62057,62060,62061,2760],{},"If you want ",[44,62058,62059],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[44,62062,52537],{},[37,62064,62066],{"className":39,"code":62065,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[44,62067,62068,62084,62102,62106,62116],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,62069,62070,62072,62074,62076,62078,62080,62082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62071,3943],{"class":53},[47,62073,58],{"class":57},[47,62075,957],{"class":61},[47,62077,126],{"class":125},[47,62079,3718],{"class":129},[47,62081,126],{"class":125},[47,62083,1402],{"class":61},[47,62085,62086,62088,62090,62092,62094,62096,62098,62100],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62087,3986],{"class":53},[47,62089,30],{"class":61},[47,62091,13431],{"class":173},[47,62093,170],{"class":61},[47,62095,126],{"class":125},[47,62097,60472],{"class":129},[47,62099,126],{"class":125},[47,62101,80],{"class":61},[47,62103,62104],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,62105,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,62107,62108,62110,62112,62114],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,62109,167],{"class":166},[47,62111,170],{"class":61},[47,62113,3986],{"class":173},[47,62115,80],{"class":61},[47,62117,62118],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,62119,62120],{"class":1494},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[773,62122,62124],{"id":62123},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[37,62126,62128],{"className":39,"code":62127,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[44,62129,62130,62146],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,62131,62132,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142,62144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62133,54],{"class":53},[47,62135,58],{"class":57},[47,62137,957],{"class":61},[47,62139,66],{"class":65},[47,62141,69],{"class":61},[47,62143,72],{"class":65},[47,62145,1402],{"class":61},[47,62147,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156,62158],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62149,174],{"class":53},[47,62151,30],{"class":61},[47,62153,53361],{"class":173},[47,62155,170],{"class":61},[47,62157,104],{"class":65},[47,62159,80],{"class":61},[14,62161,39534,62162,6424],{},[44,62163,104],{},[14,62165,62166,62167,62169,62170,62173],{},"You will get a ",[44,62168,2879],{},". See ",[21,62171,62172],{"href":52484},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62175,62176],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[37,62178,62180],{"className":39,"code":62179,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[44,62181,62182,62192,62206,62218],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,62183,62184,62186,62188,62190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62185,167],{"class":166},[47,62187,170],{"class":61},[47,62189,8215],{"class":173},[47,62191,80],{"class":61},[47,62193,62194,62196,62198,62200,62202,62204],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62195,167],{"class":166},[47,62197,170],{"class":61},[47,62199,499],{"class":118},[47,62201,170],{"class":61},[47,62203,1221],{"class":173},[47,62205,506],{"class":61},[47,62207,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,62209,167],{"class":166},[47,62211,170],{"class":61},[47,62213,2141],{"class":173},[47,62215,3533],{"class":61},[47,62217,80],{"class":53},[47,62219,62220,62222,62224,62226,62228,62230],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,62221,32031],{"class":166},[47,62223,170],{"class":61},[47,62225,7969],{"class":118},[47,62227,30],{"class":61},[47,62229,53361],{"class":24626},[47,62231,80],{"class":61},[43462,62233,62234],{},[14,62235,62236,62237,62240,62241,62243,62244,30],{},"Note: ",[44,62238,62239],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[44,62242,3533],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[44,62245,32906],{},[14,62247,62248],{},"Correct debugging example:",[37,62250,62252],{"className":39,"code":62251,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[44,62253,62254,62270,62286,62290,62304,62308,62316,62326,62340,62350],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,62255,62256,62258,62260,62262,62264,62266,62268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62257,8184],{"class":53},[47,62259,58],{"class":57},[47,62261,957],{"class":61},[47,62263,66],{"class":65},[47,62265,69],{"class":61},[47,62267,72],{"class":65},[47,62269,1402],{"class":61},[47,62271,62272,62274,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62273,1196],{"class":53},[47,62275,58],{"class":57},[47,62277,957],{"class":61},[47,62279,1937],{"class":65},[47,62281,69],{"class":61},[47,62283,2333],{"class":65},[47,62285,1402],{"class":61},[47,62287,62288],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,62289,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,62291,62292,62294,62296,62298,62300,62302],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,62293,8215],{"class":53},[47,62295,30],{"class":61},[47,62297,53361],{"class":173},[47,62299,170],{"class":61},[47,62301,1221],{"class":173},[47,62303,80],{"class":61},[47,62305,62306],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,62307,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,62309,62310,62312,62314],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,62311,2106],{"class":53},[47,62313,58],{"class":57},[47,62315,48411],{"class":412},[47,62317,62318,62320,62322,62324],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,62319,167],{"class":166},[47,62321,170],{"class":61},[47,62323,8215],{"class":173},[47,62325,80],{"class":61},[47,62327,62328,62330,62332,62334,62336,62338],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,62329,167],{"class":166},[47,62331,170],{"class":61},[47,62333,499],{"class":118},[47,62335,170],{"class":61},[47,62337,1221],{"class":173},[47,62339,506],{"class":61},[47,62341,62342,62344,62346,62348],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,62343,167],{"class":166},[47,62345,170],{"class":61},[47,62347,2141],{"class":173},[47,62349,80],{"class":61},[47,62351,62352,62354,62356,62358,62360,62362],{"class":49,"line":6309},[47,62353,32031],{"class":166},[47,62355,170],{"class":61},[47,62357,7969],{"class":118},[47,62359,30],{"class":61},[47,62361,53361],{"class":24626},[47,62363,80],{"class":61},[32,62365,4836,62367],{"id":62366},"when-to-use-extend",[44,62368,53331],{},[14,62370,1967,62371,6192],{},[44,62372,53331],{},[291,62374,62375,62378,62381],{},[294,62376,62377],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[294,62379,62380],{},"Add multiple values at once",[294,62382,62383],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62385,5346],{},[37,62387,62389],{"className":39,"code":62388,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[44,62390,62391,62408,62426,62430,62446,62450,62460],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,62392,62393,62396,62398,62400,62402,62404,62406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62394,62395],{"class":53},"all_scores ",[47,62397,58],{"class":57},[47,62399,957],{"class":61},[47,62401,13380],{"class":65},[47,62403,69],{"class":61},[47,62405,13385],{"class":65},[47,62407,1402],{"class":61},[47,62409,62410,62413,62415,62417,62419,62421,62424],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62411,62412],{"class":53},"new_scores ",[47,62414,58],{"class":57},[47,62416,957],{"class":61},[47,62418,51389],{"class":65},[47,62420,69],{"class":61},[47,62422,62423],{"class":65}," 92",[47,62425,1402],{"class":61},[47,62427,62428],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,62429,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,62431,62432,62435,62437,62439,62441,62444],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,62433,62434],{"class":53},"all_scores",[47,62436,30],{"class":61},[47,62438,53361],{"class":173},[47,62440,170],{"class":61},[47,62442,62443],{"class":173},"new_scores",[47,62445,80],{"class":61},[47,62447,62448],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,62449,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,62451,62452,62454,62456,62458],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,62453,167],{"class":166},[47,62455,170],{"class":61},[47,62457,62434],{"class":173},[47,62459,80],{"class":61},[47,62461,62462],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,62463,62464],{"class":1494},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62466,62467,62468,62470,62471,30],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[44,62469,52537],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[21,62472,55405,62473,10617],{"href":53793},[44,62474,54153],{},[32,62476,1708],{"id":1707},[773,62478,12584,62480,55354],{"id":62479},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[44,62481,53232],{},[14,62483,62484,62485,30],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[44,62486,3652],{},[773,62488,5054,62490,4267,62492,2368],{"id":62489},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[44,62491,53331],{},[44,62493,52537],{},[14,62495,62496,62498,62499,62501],{},[44,62497,53331],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[44,62500,52537],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[773,62503,28206,62505,62507],{"id":62504},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[44,62506,53331],{}," with a string?",[14,62509,62510],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[773,62512,28206,62514,62516],{"id":62513},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[44,62515,53331],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62518,62519],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[773,62521,62523,62524,2368],{"id":62522},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[44,62525,53331],{},[14,62527,62528,62529,62531],{},"You get a ",[44,62530,2879],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[32,62533,1758],{"id":1757},[291,62535,62536,62542,62546,62550,62554,62560,62564],{},[294,62537,62538],{},[21,62539,55405,62540,10617],{"href":56652},[44,62541,52537],{},[294,62543,62544],{},[21,62545,54163],{"href":52933},[294,62547,62548],{},[21,62549,57111],{"href":562},[294,62551,62552],{},[21,62553,52656],{"href":50863},[294,62555,62556],{},[21,62557,55405,62558,10617],{"href":53793},[44,62559,54153],{},[294,62561,62562],{},[21,62563,62172],{"href":52484},[294,62565,62566],{},[21,62567,55405,62568,10617],{"href":54845},[44,62569,12656],{},[14,62571,62572,62573,62575,62576,62578],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[44,62574,52537],{},", when to use ",[44,62577,54153],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1796,62580,62581],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":62583},[62584,62585,62587,62588,62589,62596,62603,62604,62612,62614,62626],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":60981,"depth":83,"text":62586},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":61062,"depth":83,"text":61063},{"id":61199,"depth":83,"text":62590,"children":62591},"extend() vs append()",[62592,62594],{"id":61213,"depth":94,"text":62593},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61276,"depth":94,"text":62595},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61362,"depth":83,"text":62597,"children":62598},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62599,62600,62601,62602],{"id":61373,"depth":94,"text":61374},{"id":61437,"depth":94,"text":61438},{"id":61503,"depth":94,"text":61504},{"id":61577,"depth":94,"text":61578},{"id":61637,"depth":83,"text":61638},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":62605},[62606,62608,62610,62611],{"id":61849,"depth":94,"text":62607},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61922,"depth":94,"text":62609},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61994,"depth":94,"text":61995},{"id":62123,"depth":94,"text":62124},{"id":62366,"depth":83,"text":62613},"When to use extend()",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":62615},[62616,62618,62620,62622,62624],{"id":62479,"depth":94,"text":62617},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62489,"depth":94,"text":62619},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62504,"depth":94,"text":62621},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62513,"depth":94,"text":62623},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62522,"depth":94,"text":62625},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60885,"description":62627},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62634,"title":62635,"body":62636,"description":64724,"extension":1837,"meta":64725,"navigation":159,"path":64726,"seo":64727,"stem":64728,"__hash__":64729},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62637,"toc":64687},[62638,62641,62646,62652,62663,62669,62671,62740,62742,62791,62799,62803,62808,62811,62822,62827,62829,62831,62852,62865,62868,62881,62883,62888,62913,62915,62923,62926,62995,62997,63021,63027,63031,63035,63071,63073,63093,63098,63102,63135,63137,63171,63176,63180,63213,63215,63243,63251,63255,63292,63294,63315,63318,63322,63391,63393,63417,63423,63430,63434,63437,63439,63453,63456,63480,63482,63507,63510,63529,63531,63557,63566,63570,63577,63654,63656,63697,63703,63709,63800,63802,63858,63861,63866,63870,63875,63879,63938,63940,63965,63969,64032,64034,64059,64063,64126,64128,64171,64174,64178,64182,64204,64208,64290,64292,64327,64335,64337,64341,64345,64347,64374,64379,64381,64408,64415,64418,64441,64443,64492,64495,64498,64517,64521,64523,64574,64577,64583,64587,64592,64595,64597,64603,64612,64616,64622,64626,64629,64633,64636,64640,64646,64648,64684],[10,62639,62635],{"id":62640},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62642,9001,62643,62645],{},[44,62644,24657],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62647,62648,62649,62651],{},"Beginners usually use ",[44,62650,24657],{}," for two main reasons:",[291,62653,62654,62657],{},[294,62655,62656],{},"to make an empty list",[294,62658,62659,62660,62662],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[44,62661,1205],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62664,62665,62666,62668],{},"This page explains how ",[44,62667,24657],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[32,62670,35],{"id":34},[37,62672,62674],{"className":39,"code":62673,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[44,62675,62676,62698,62716,62720,62730],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,62677,62678,62680,62682,62684,62686,62688,62690,62692,62694,62696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62679,54],{"class":53},[47,62681,58],{"class":57},[47,62683,22436],{"class":118},[47,62685,5384],{"class":61},[47,62687,66],{"class":65},[47,62689,69],{"class":61},[47,62691,72],{"class":65},[47,62693,69],{"class":61},[47,62695,77],{"class":65},[47,62697,506],{"class":61},[47,62699,62700,62702,62704,62706,62708,62710,62712,62714],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62701,1118],{"class":53},[47,62703,58],{"class":57},[47,62705,22436],{"class":118},[47,62707,170],{"class":61},[47,62709,126],{"class":125},[47,62711,1129],{"class":129},[47,62713,126],{"class":125},[47,62715,80],{"class":61},[47,62717,62718],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,62719,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,62721,62722,62724,62726,62728],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,62723,167],{"class":166},[47,62725,170],{"class":61},[47,62727,174],{"class":173},[47,62729,80],{"class":61},[47,62731,62732,62734,62736,62738],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,62733,167],{"class":166},[47,62735,170],{"class":61},[47,62737,1142],{"class":173},[47,62739,80],{"class":61},[14,62741,215],{},[37,62743,62745],{"className":39,"code":62744,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[44,62746,62747,62763],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,62748,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62750,3773],{"class":61},[47,62752,66],{"class":65},[47,62754,69],{"class":61},[47,62756,72],{"class":65},[47,62758,69],{"class":61},[47,62760,77],{"class":65},[47,62762,1402],{"class":61},[47,62764,62765,62767,62769,62771,62773,62775,62777,62779,62781,62783,62785,62787,62789],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62766,3773],{"class":61},[47,62768,256],{"class":125},[47,62770,21],{"class":129},[47,62772,256],{"class":125},[47,62774,69],{"class":61},[47,62776,265],{"class":125},[47,62778,139],{"class":129},[47,62780,256],{"class":125},[47,62782,69],{"class":61},[47,62784,265],{"class":125},[47,62786,148],{"class":129},[47,62788,256],{"class":125},[47,62790,1402],{"class":61},[14,62792,1967,62793,62795,62796,62798],{},[44,62794,24657],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[44,62797,1205],{},", set, or dictionary.",[32,62800,62802],{"id":62801},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62804,62805,62807],{},[44,62806,24657],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62809,62810],{},"It can:",[291,62812,62813,62816,62819],{},[294,62814,62815],{},"create a new list object",[294,62817,62818],{},"make an empty list",[294,62820,62821],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62823,62824,62825,30],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[21,62826,52656],{"href":50863},[32,62828,2032],{"id":2031},[14,62830,26364],{},[37,62832,62834],{"className":39,"code":62833,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[44,62835,62836,62842],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,62837,62838,62840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62839,7969],{"class":118},[47,62841,241],{"class":61},[47,62843,62844,62846,62848,62850],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62845,7969],{"class":118},[47,62847,170],{"class":61},[47,62849,3594],{"class":173},[47,62851,80],{"class":61},[291,62853,62854,62859],{},[294,62855,62856,62858],{},[44,62857,24657],{}," makes an empty list",[294,62860,62861,62864],{},[44,62862,62863],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,62866,62867],{},"Common iterable values include:",[291,62869,62870,62872,62874,62876,62879],{},[294,62871,812],{},[294,62873,5178],{},[294,62875,5181],{},[294,62877,62878],{},"ranges",[294,62880,7125],{},[32,62882,59502],{"id":59501},[14,62884,1967,62885,62887],{},[44,62886,24657],{}," with no arguments:",[37,62889,62891],{"className":39,"code":62890,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[44,62892,62893,62903],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,62894,62895,62897,62899,62901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62896,7654],{"class":53},[47,62898,58],{"class":57},[47,62900,22436],{"class":118},[47,62902,241],{"class":61},[47,62904,62905,62907,62909,62911],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62906,167],{"class":166},[47,62908,170],{"class":61},[47,62910,7684],{"class":173},[47,62912,80],{"class":61},[14,62914,215],{},[37,62916,62917],{"className":39,"code":38178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,62918,62919],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,62920,62921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62922,38178],{"class":61},[14,62924,62925],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[37,62927,62929],{"className":39,"code":62928,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[44,62930,62931,62941,62945,62963,62981,62985],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,62932,62933,62935,62937,62939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62934,7654],{"class":53},[47,62936,58],{"class":57},[47,62938,22436],{"class":118},[47,62940,241],{"class":61},[47,62942,62943],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62944,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,62946,62947,62949,62951,62953,62955,62957,62959,62961],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,62948,7684],{"class":53},[47,62950,30],{"class":61},[47,62952,13431],{"class":173},[47,62954,170],{"class":61},[47,62956,126],{"class":125},[47,62958,405],{"class":129},[47,62960,126],{"class":125},[47,62962,80],{"class":61},[47,62964,62965,62967,62969,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,62966,7684],{"class":53},[47,62968,30],{"class":61},[47,62970,13431],{"class":173},[47,62972,170],{"class":61},[47,62974,126],{"class":125},[47,62976,3960],{"class":129},[47,62978,126],{"class":125},[47,62980,80],{"class":61},[47,62982,62983],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,62984,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,62986,62987,62989,62991,62993],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,62988,167],{"class":166},[47,62990,170],{"class":61},[47,62992,7684],{"class":173},[47,62994,80],{"class":61},[14,62996,215],{},[37,62998,62999],{"className":39,"code":38303,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,63000,63001],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63002,63003,63005,63007,63009,63011,63013,63015,63017,63019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63004,3773],{"class":61},[47,63006,256],{"class":125},[47,63008,405],{"class":129},[47,63010,256],{"class":125},[47,63012,69],{"class":61},[47,63014,265],{"class":125},[47,63016,3960],{"class":129},[47,63018,256],{"class":125},[47,63020,1402],{"class":61},[14,63022,63023,63024,63026],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[44,63025,556],{},". Both are valid.",[32,63028,63030],{"id":63029},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[773,63032,63034],{"id":63033},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[37,63036,63037],{"className":39,"code":59800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,63038,63039,63061],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63040,63041,63043,63045,63047,63049,63051,63053,63055,63057,63059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63042,54],{"class":53},[47,63044,58],{"class":57},[47,63046,22436],{"class":118},[47,63048,5384],{"class":61},[47,63050,66],{"class":65},[47,63052,69],{"class":61},[47,63054,72],{"class":65},[47,63056,69],{"class":61},[47,63058,77],{"class":65},[47,63060,506],{"class":61},[47,63062,63063,63065,63067,63069],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63064,167],{"class":166},[47,63066,170],{"class":61},[47,63068,174],{"class":173},[47,63070,80],{"class":61},[14,63072,215],{},[37,63074,63075],{"className":39,"code":55035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,63076,63077],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63078,63079,63081,63083,63085,63087,63089,63091],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63080,3773],{"class":61},[47,63082,66],{"class":65},[47,63084,69],{"class":61},[47,63086,72],{"class":65},[47,63088,69],{"class":61},[47,63090,77],{"class":65},[47,63092,1402],{"class":61},[14,63094,63095,63096,30],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[21,63097,1041],{"href":1040},[773,63099,63101],{"id":63100},"string-to-list","String to list",[37,63103,63105],{"className":39,"code":63104,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[44,63106,63107,63125],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63108,63109,63111,63113,63115,63117,63119,63121,63123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63110,1118],{"class":53},[47,63112,58],{"class":57},[47,63114,22436],{"class":118},[47,63116,170],{"class":61},[47,63118,126],{"class":125},[47,63120,36929],{"class":129},[47,63122,126],{"class":125},[47,63124,80],{"class":61},[47,63126,63127,63129,63131,63133],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63128,167],{"class":166},[47,63130,170],{"class":61},[47,63132,1142],{"class":173},[47,63134,80],{"class":61},[14,63136,215],{},[37,63138,63140],{"className":39,"code":63139,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[44,63141,63142],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63143,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156,63158,63160,63162,63164,63167,63169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63145,3773],{"class":61},[47,63147,256],{"class":125},[47,63149,148],{"class":129},[47,63151,256],{"class":125},[47,63153,69],{"class":61},[47,63155,265],{"class":125},[47,63157,21],{"class":129},[47,63159,256],{"class":125},[47,63161,69],{"class":61},[47,63163,265],{"class":125},[47,63165,63166],{"class":129},"t",[47,63168,256],{"class":125},[47,63170,1402],{"class":61},[14,63172,63173,63175],{},[44,63174,24657],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[773,63177,63179],{"id":63178},"range-to-list","Range to list",[37,63181,63183],{"className":39,"code":63182,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,63184,63185,63203],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63186,63187,63189,63191,63193,63195,63197,63199,63201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63188,54],{"class":53},[47,63190,58],{"class":57},[47,63192,22436],{"class":118},[47,63194,170],{"class":61},[47,63196,1205],{"class":166},[47,63198,170],{"class":61},[47,63200,104],{"class":65},[47,63202,506],{"class":61},[47,63204,63205,63207,63209,63211],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63206,167],{"class":166},[47,63208,170],{"class":61},[47,63210,174],{"class":173},[47,63212,80],{"class":61},[14,63214,215],{},[37,63216,63217],{"className":39,"code":59902,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,63218,63219],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63220,63221,63223,63225,63227,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63222,3773],{"class":61},[47,63224,1237],{"class":65},[47,63226,69],{"class":61},[47,63228,1242],{"class":65},[47,63230,69],{"class":61},[47,63232,72],{"class":65},[47,63234,69],{"class":61},[47,63236,77],{"class":65},[47,63238,69],{"class":61},[47,63240,2333],{"class":65},[47,63242,1402],{"class":61},[14,63244,63245,63246,63250],{},"This is common when working with ",[21,63247,63248],{"href":36076},[44,63249,36079],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[773,63252,63254],{"id":63253},"set-to-list","Set to list",[37,63256,63258],{"className":39,"code":63257,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[44,63259,63260,63282],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63261,63262,63264,63266,63268,63270,63272,63274,63276,63278,63280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63263,1196],{"class":53},[47,63265,58],{"class":57},[47,63267,22436],{"class":118},[47,63269,5403],{"class":61},[47,63271,960],{"class":65},[47,63273,69],{"class":61},[47,63275,965],{"class":65},[47,63277,69],{"class":61},[47,63279,7669],{"class":65},[47,63281,30374],{"class":61},[47,63283,63284,63286,63288,63290],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63285,167],{"class":166},[47,63287,170],{"class":61},[47,63289,1221],{"class":173},[47,63291,80],{"class":61},[14,63293,16835],{},[37,63295,63297],{"className":39,"code":63296,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[44,63298,63299],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63300,63301,63303,63305,63307,63309,63311,63313],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63302,3773],{"class":61},[47,63304,960],{"class":65},[47,63306,69],{"class":61},[47,63308,965],{"class":65},[47,63310,69],{"class":61},[47,63312,7669],{"class":65},[47,63314,1402],{"class":61},[14,63316,63317],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[773,63319,63321],{"id":63320},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[37,63323,63325],{"className":39,"code":63324,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,63326,63327,63363,63377,63381],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63328,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339,63341,63343,63345,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63330,13082],{"class":53},[47,63332,58],{"class":57},[47,63334,10366],{"class":61},[47,63336,126],{"class":125},[47,63338,7542],{"class":129},[47,63340,126],{"class":125},[47,63342,2760],{"class":61},[47,63344,136],{"class":125},[47,63346,12760],{"class":129},[47,63348,126],{"class":125},[47,63350,69],{"class":61},[47,63352,136],{"class":125},[47,63354,9174],{"class":129},[47,63356,126],{"class":125},[47,63358,2760],{"class":61},[47,63360,9181],{"class":65},[47,63362,9184],{"class":61},[47,63364,63365,63367,63369,63371,63373,63375],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63366,2106],{"class":53},[47,63368,58],{"class":57},[47,63370,22436],{"class":118},[47,63372,170],{"class":61},[47,63374,17184],{"class":173},[47,63376,80],{"class":61},[47,63378,63379],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,63380,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,63382,63383,63385,63387,63389],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,63384,167],{"class":166},[47,63386,170],{"class":61},[47,63388,2141],{"class":173},[47,63390,80],{"class":61},[14,63392,215],{},[37,63394,63395],{"className":39,"code":25357,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,63396,63397],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63398,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407,63409,63411,63413,63415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63400,3773],{"class":61},[47,63402,256],{"class":125},[47,63404,7542],{"class":129},[47,63406,256],{"class":125},[47,63408,69],{"class":61},[47,63410,265],{"class":125},[47,63412,9174],{"class":129},[47,63414,256],{"class":125},[47,63416,1402],{"class":61},[14,63418,63419,63420,63422],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[44,63421,24657],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63424,63425,63426,30],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[21,63427,63429],{"href":63428},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[32,63431,63433],{"id":63432},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63435,63436],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63438,61036],{},[291,63440,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449,63451],{},[294,63442,5175],{},[294,63444,5178],{},[294,63446,812],{},[294,63448,5181],{},[294,63450,62878],{},[294,63452,7125],{},[14,63454,63455],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[37,63457,63459],{"className":39,"code":63458,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[44,63460,63461],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63462,63463,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473,63476,63478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63464,167],{"class":166},[47,63466,170],{"class":61},[47,63468,7969],{"class":118},[47,63470,170],{"class":61},[47,63472,126],{"class":125},[47,63474,63475],{"class":129},"hi",[47,63477,126],{"class":125},[47,63479,506],{"class":61},[14,63481,215],{},[37,63483,63485],{"className":39,"code":63484,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['h', 'i']\n",[44,63486,63487],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63488,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63490,3773],{"class":61},[47,63492,256],{"class":125},[47,63494,60319],{"class":129},[47,63496,256],{"class":125},[47,63498,69],{"class":61},[47,63500,265],{"class":125},[47,63502,36035],{"class":129},[47,63504,256],{"class":125},[47,63506,1402],{"class":61},[14,63508,63509],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[37,63511,63513],{"className":39,"code":63512,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(5))\n",[44,63514,63515],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63516,63517,63519,63521,63523,63525,63527],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63518,167],{"class":166},[47,63520,170],{"class":61},[47,63522,7969],{"class":118},[47,63524,170],{"class":61},[47,63526,104],{"class":65},[47,63528,506],{"class":61},[14,63530,215],{},[37,63532,63534],{"className":39,"code":63533,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[44,63535,63536],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63537,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63539,2879],{"class":118},[47,63541,2760],{"class":61},[47,63543,265],{"class":125},[47,63545,644],{"class":129},[47,63547,256],{"class":125},[47,63549,24493],{"class":118},[47,63551,7972],{"class":57},[47,63553,7975],{"class":57},[47,63555,63556],{"class":53}," iterable\n",[14,63558,63559,63560,63562,63563,30],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[21,63561,5012],{"href":5460},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[21,63564,63565],{"href":52484},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[32,63567,63569],{"id":63568},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63571,63572,63573,63576],{},"If you already have a list, ",[44,63574,63575],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[37,63578,63580],{"className":39,"code":63579,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[44,63581,63582,63602,63616,63620,63630,63640],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63583,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63585,11965],{"class":53},[47,63587,58],{"class":57},[47,63589,957],{"class":61},[47,63591,66],{"class":65},[47,63593,69],{"class":61},[47,63595,72],{"class":65},[47,63597,69],{"class":61},[47,63599,77],{"class":65},[47,63601,1402],{"class":61},[47,63603,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63605,14190],{"class":53},[47,63607,58],{"class":57},[47,63609,22436],{"class":118},[47,63611,170],{"class":61},[47,63613,12012],{"class":173},[47,63615,80],{"class":61},[47,63617,63618],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,63619,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,63621,63622,63624,63626,63628],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,63623,167],{"class":166},[47,63625,170],{"class":61},[47,63627,12012],{"class":173},[47,63629,80],{"class":61},[47,63631,63632,63634,63636,63638],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,63633,167],{"class":166},[47,63635,170],{"class":61},[47,63637,14209],{"class":173},[47,63639,80],{"class":61},[47,63641,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,63643,167],{"class":166},[47,63645,170],{"class":61},[47,63647,11965],{"class":173},[47,63649,12073],{"class":3749},[47,63651,14263],{"class":173},[47,63653,80],{"class":61},[14,63655,215],{},[37,63657,63659],{"className":39,"code":63658,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[44,63660,63661,63677,63693],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63662,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671,63673,63675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63664,3773],{"class":61},[47,63666,66],{"class":65},[47,63668,69],{"class":61},[47,63670,72],{"class":65},[47,63672,69],{"class":61},[47,63674,77],{"class":65},[47,63676,1402],{"class":61},[47,63678,63679,63681,63683,63685,63687,63689,63691],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63680,3773],{"class":61},[47,63682,66],{"class":65},[47,63684,69],{"class":61},[47,63686,72],{"class":65},[47,63688,69],{"class":61},[47,63690,77],{"class":65},[47,63692,1402],{"class":61},[47,63694,63695],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,63696,3913],{"class":412},[14,63698,63699,63700,63702],{},"This means ",[44,63701,14209],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63704,63705,63706,63708],{},"However, this is only a ",[575,63707,12730],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[37,63710,63712],{"className":39,"code":63711,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[44,63713,63714,63740,63754,63758,63776,63780,63790],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63715,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63717,11965],{"class":53},[47,63719,58],{"class":57},[47,63721,56179],{"class":61},[47,63723,66],{"class":65},[47,63725,69],{"class":61},[47,63727,72],{"class":65},[47,63729,17938],{"class":61},[47,63731,957],{"class":61},[47,63733,1937],{"class":65},[47,63735,69],{"class":61},[47,63737,2333],{"class":65},[47,63739,53127],{"class":61},[47,63741,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63743,14190],{"class":53},[47,63745,58],{"class":57},[47,63747,22436],{"class":118},[47,63749,170],{"class":61},[47,63751,12012],{"class":173},[47,63753,80],{"class":61},[47,63755,63756],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,63757,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,63759,63760,63762,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,63761,14209],{"class":53},[47,63763,3773],{"class":61},[47,63765,1237],{"class":65},[47,63767,13428],{"class":61},[47,63769,13431],{"class":173},[47,63771,170],{"class":61},[47,63773,56232],{"class":65},[47,63775,80],{"class":61},[47,63777,63778],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,63779,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,63781,63782,63784,63786,63788],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,63783,167],{"class":166},[47,63785,170],{"class":61},[47,63787,12012],{"class":173},[47,63789,80],{"class":61},[47,63791,63792,63794,63796,63798],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,63793,167],{"class":166},[47,63795,170],{"class":61},[47,63797,14209],{"class":173},[47,63799,80],{"class":61},[14,63801,215],{},[37,63803,63804],{"className":39,"code":56263,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,63805,63806,63832],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63807,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63809,56270],{"class":61},[47,63811,66],{"class":65},[47,63813,69],{"class":61},[47,63815,72],{"class":65},[47,63817,69],{"class":61},[47,63819,10072],{"class":65},[47,63821,17938],{"class":61},[47,63823,957],{"class":61},[47,63825,1937],{"class":65},[47,63827,69],{"class":61},[47,63829,2333],{"class":65},[47,63831,53127],{"class":61},[47,63833,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63835,56270],{"class":61},[47,63837,66],{"class":65},[47,63839,69],{"class":61},[47,63841,72],{"class":65},[47,63843,69],{"class":61},[47,63845,10072],{"class":65},[47,63847,17938],{"class":61},[47,63849,957],{"class":61},[47,63851,1937],{"class":65},[47,63853,69],{"class":61},[47,63855,2333],{"class":65},[47,63857,53127],{"class":61},[14,63859,63860],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,63862,63863,63864,30],{},"For more on this, see ",[21,63865,13669],{"href":13668},[32,63867,63869],{"id":63868},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,63871,63872,63873,30],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[44,63874,24657],{},[773,63876,63878],{"id":63877},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[37,63880,63882],{"className":39,"code":63881,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[44,63883,63884,63924],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63885,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63887,12743],{"class":53},[47,63889,58],{"class":57},[47,63891,10366],{"class":61},[47,63893,126],{"class":125},[47,63895,7542],{"class":129},[47,63897,126],{"class":125},[47,63899,2760],{"class":61},[47,63901,136],{"class":125},[47,63903,7796],{"class":129},[47,63905,126],{"class":125},[47,63907,69],{"class":61},[47,63909,136],{"class":125},[47,63911,19768],{"class":129},[47,63913,126],{"class":125},[47,63915,2760],{"class":61},[47,63917,136],{"class":125},[47,63919,22121],{"class":129},[47,63921,126],{"class":125},[47,63923,9184],{"class":61},[47,63925,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934,63936],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63927,167],{"class":166},[47,63929,170],{"class":61},[47,63931,7969],{"class":118},[47,63933,170],{"class":61},[47,63935,13504],{"class":173},[47,63937,506],{"class":61},[14,63939,215],{},[37,63941,63943],{"className":39,"code":63942,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['name', 'grade']\n",[44,63944,63945],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63946,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63948,3773],{"class":61},[47,63950,256],{"class":125},[47,63952,7542],{"class":129},[47,63954,256],{"class":125},[47,63956,69],{"class":61},[47,63958,265],{"class":125},[47,63960,19768],{"class":129},[47,63962,256],{"class":125},[47,63964,1402],{"class":61},[773,63966,63968],{"id":63967},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[37,63970,63972],{"className":39,"code":63971,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[44,63973,63974,64014],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,63975,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63977,12743],{"class":53},[47,63979,58],{"class":57},[47,63981,10366],{"class":61},[47,63983,126],{"class":125},[47,63985,7542],{"class":129},[47,63987,126],{"class":125},[47,63989,2760],{"class":61},[47,63991,136],{"class":125},[47,63993,7796],{"class":129},[47,63995,126],{"class":125},[47,63997,69],{"class":61},[47,63999,136],{"class":125},[47,64001,19768],{"class":129},[47,64003,126],{"class":125},[47,64005,2760],{"class":61},[47,64007,136],{"class":125},[47,64009,22121],{"class":129},[47,64011,126],{"class":125},[47,64013,9184],{"class":61},[47,64015,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64017,167],{"class":166},[47,64019,170],{"class":61},[47,64021,7969],{"class":118},[47,64023,170],{"class":61},[47,64025,13504],{"class":173},[47,64027,30],{"class":61},[47,64029,1221],{"class":173},[47,64031,6164],{"class":61},[14,64033,215],{},[37,64035,64037],{"className":39,"code":64036,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[44,64038,64039],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64040,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64042,3773],{"class":61},[47,64044,256],{"class":125},[47,64046,7796],{"class":129},[47,64048,256],{"class":125},[47,64050,69],{"class":61},[47,64052,265],{"class":125},[47,64054,22121],{"class":129},[47,64056,256],{"class":125},[47,64058,1402],{"class":61},[773,64060,64062],{"id":64061},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[37,64064,64066],{"className":39,"code":64065,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[44,64067,64068,64108],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64069,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64071,12743],{"class":53},[47,64073,58],{"class":57},[47,64075,10366],{"class":61},[47,64077,126],{"class":125},[47,64079,7542],{"class":129},[47,64081,126],{"class":125},[47,64083,2760],{"class":61},[47,64085,136],{"class":125},[47,64087,7796],{"class":129},[47,64089,126],{"class":125},[47,64091,69],{"class":61},[47,64093,136],{"class":125},[47,64095,19768],{"class":129},[47,64097,126],{"class":125},[47,64099,2760],{"class":61},[47,64101,136],{"class":125},[47,64103,22121],{"class":129},[47,64105,126],{"class":125},[47,64107,9184],{"class":61},[47,64109,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122,64124],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64111,167],{"class":166},[47,64113,170],{"class":61},[47,64115,7969],{"class":118},[47,64117,170],{"class":61},[47,64119,13504],{"class":173},[47,64121,30],{"class":61},[47,64123,7684],{"class":173},[47,64125,6164],{"class":61},[14,64127,215],{},[37,64129,64131],{"className":39,"code":64130,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[44,64132,64133],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64134,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64136,21616],{"class":61},[47,64138,256],{"class":125},[47,64140,7542],{"class":129},[47,64142,256],{"class":125},[47,64144,69],{"class":61},[47,64146,265],{"class":125},[47,64148,7796],{"class":129},[47,64150,256],{"class":125},[47,64152,954],{"class":61},[47,64154,62],{"class":61},[47,64156,256],{"class":125},[47,64158,19768],{"class":129},[47,64160,256],{"class":125},[47,64162,69],{"class":61},[47,64164,265],{"class":125},[47,64166,22121],{"class":129},[47,64168,256],{"class":125},[47,64170,9124],{"class":61},[14,64172,64173],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[32,64175,64177],{"id":64176},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64179,1967,64180,10477],{},[44,64181,24657],{},[291,64183,64184,64192,64201],{},[294,64185,64186,64187,25,64189],{},"you need list methods like ",[44,64188,52537],{},[44,64190,64191],{},"sort()",[294,64193,64194,64195,25,64197,64200],{},"you want to convert ",[44,64196,36079],{},[44,64198,64199],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[294,64202,64203],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64205,45923,64206,2760],{},[44,64207,64199],{},[37,64209,64211],{"className":39,"code":64210,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[44,64212,64213,64237,64253,64257,64280],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64214,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64216,4870],{"class":53},[47,64218,58],{"class":57},[47,64220,957],{"class":61},[47,64222,126],{"class":125},[47,64224,12760],{"class":129},[47,64226,126],{"class":125},[47,64228,69],{"class":61},[47,64230,136],{"class":125},[47,64232,35823],{"class":129},[47,64234,126],{"class":125},[47,64236,1402],{"class":61},[47,64238,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64240,4939],{"class":53},[47,64242,58],{"class":57},[47,64244,957],{"class":61},[47,64246,13380],{"class":65},[47,64248,69],{"class":61},[47,64250,13385],{"class":65},[47,64252,1402],{"class":61},[47,64254,64255],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,64256,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,64258,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,64260,9092],{"class":53},[47,64262,58],{"class":57},[47,64264,22436],{"class":118},[47,64266,170],{"class":61},[47,64268,64269],{"class":166},"zip",[47,64271,170],{"class":61},[47,64273,4914],{"class":173},[47,64275,69],{"class":61},[47,64277,4986],{"class":173},[47,64279,506],{"class":61},[47,64281,64282,64284,64286,64288],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,64283,167],{"class":166},[47,64285,170],{"class":61},[47,64287,9137],{"class":173},[47,64289,80],{"class":61},[14,64291,215],{},[37,64293,64295],{"className":39,"code":64294,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[44,64296,64297],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64298,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64300,21616],{"class":61},[47,64302,256],{"class":125},[47,64304,12760],{"class":129},[47,64306,256],{"class":125},[47,64308,69],{"class":61},[47,64310,19775],{"class":65},[47,64312,954],{"class":61},[47,64314,62],{"class":61},[47,64316,256],{"class":125},[47,64318,35823],{"class":129},[47,64320,256],{"class":125},[47,64322,69],{"class":61},[47,64324,13385],{"class":65},[47,64326,9124],{"class":61},[14,64328,64329,64330,64332,64333,30],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[44,64331,52537],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[21,64334,52934],{"href":52933},[32,64336,4393],{"id":4392},[14,64338,56659,64339,30],{},[44,64340,24657],{},[773,64342,64344],{"id":64343},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64346,4400],{},[37,64348,64350],{"className":39,"code":64349,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[44,64351,64352,64356],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64353,64354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64355,4410],{"class":1494},[47,64357,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64359,7969],{"class":118},[47,64361,170],{"class":61},[47,64363,66],{"class":65},[47,64365,69],{"class":61},[47,64367,72],{"class":65},[47,64369,69],{"class":61},[47,64371,77],{"class":65},[47,64373,80],{"class":61},[14,64375,64376,64378],{},[44,64377,24657],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64380,18571],{},[37,64382,64384],{"className":39,"code":64383,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[44,64385,64386],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64387,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64389,167],{"class":166},[47,64391,170],{"class":61},[47,64393,7969],{"class":118},[47,64395,5384],{"class":61},[47,64397,66],{"class":65},[47,64399,69],{"class":61},[47,64401,72],{"class":65},[47,64403,69],{"class":61},[47,64405,77],{"class":65},[47,64407,2788],{"class":61},[773,64409,64411,64412],{"id":64410},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[47,64413,64414],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64416,64417],{},"This is a common surprise:",[37,64419,64421],{"className":39,"code":64420,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[44,64422,64423],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64424,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64426,167],{"class":166},[47,64428,170],{"class":61},[47,64430,7969],{"class":118},[47,64432,170],{"class":61},[47,64434,126],{"class":125},[47,64436,3718],{"class":129},[47,64438,126],{"class":125},[47,64440,506],{"class":61},[14,64442,215],{},[37,64444,64446],{"className":39,"code":64445,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[44,64447,64448],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64449,64450,64452,64454,64456,64458,64460,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64451,3773],{"class":61},[47,64453,256],{"class":125},[47,64455,60319],{"class":129},[47,64457,256],{"class":125},[47,64459,69],{"class":61},[47,64461,265],{"class":125},[47,64463,60328],{"class":129},[47,64465,256],{"class":125},[47,64467,69],{"class":61},[47,64469,265],{"class":125},[47,64471,60337],{"class":129},[47,64473,256],{"class":125},[47,64475,69],{"class":61},[47,64477,265],{"class":125},[47,64479,60337],{"class":129},[47,64481,256],{"class":125},[47,64483,69],{"class":61},[47,64485,265],{"class":125},[47,64487,60354],{"class":129},[47,64489,256],{"class":125},[47,64491,1402],{"class":61},[14,64493,64494],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64496,64497],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[37,64499,64501],{"className":39,"code":64500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[44,64502,64503],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64504,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64506,167],{"class":166},[47,64508,122],{"class":61},[47,64510,126],{"class":125},[47,64512,3718],{"class":129},[47,64514,126],{"class":125},[47,64516,153],{"class":61},[773,64518,64520],{"id":64519},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64522,1509],{},[37,64524,64526],{"className":39,"code":64525,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[44,64527,64528,64560],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64529,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538,64540,64542,64544,64546,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64531,392],{"class":53},[47,64533,58],{"class":57},[47,64535,10366],{"class":61},[47,64537,126],{"class":125},[47,64539,21],{"class":129},[47,64541,126],{"class":125},[47,64543,2760],{"class":61},[47,64545,1242],{"class":65},[47,64547,69],{"class":61},[47,64549,136],{"class":125},[47,64551,139],{"class":129},[47,64553,126],{"class":125},[47,64555,2760],{"class":61},[47,64557,72],{"class":65},[47,64559,9184],{"class":61},[47,64561,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64563,167],{"class":166},[47,64565,170],{"class":61},[47,64567,7969],{"class":118},[47,64569,170],{"class":61},[47,64571,424],{"class":173},[47,64573,506],{"class":61},[14,64575,64576],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64578,1967,64579,64582],{},[44,64580,64581],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[773,64584,64586],{"id":64585},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64588,64589,64591],{},[44,64590,24657],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64593,64594],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[32,64596,1708],{"id":1707},[773,64598,5054,64600,64602],{"id":64599},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[47,64601],{}," and list()?",[14,64604,64605,64606,64608,64609,64611],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[44,64607,556],{}," is shorter. ",[44,64610,24657],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[773,64613,64615],{"id":64614},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64617,64618,64619,64621],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[44,64620,24657],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[773,64623,64625],{"id":64624},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64627,64628],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[773,64630,64632],{"id":64631},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64634,64635],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[773,64637,64639],{"id":64638},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64641,64642,64643,64645],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[44,64644,24657],{}," cannot loop through it.",[32,64647,1758],{"id":1757},[291,64649,64650,64654,64659,64663,64667,64671,64675,64680],{},[294,64651,64652],{},[21,64653,52656],{"href":50863},[294,64655,64656],{},[21,64657,64658],{"href":36076},"Python range() function explained",[294,64660,64661],{},[21,64662,1041],{"href":1040},[294,64664,64665],{},[21,64666,63429],{"href":63428},[294,64668,64669],{},[21,64670,5091],{"href":5460},[294,64672,64673],{},[21,64674,13669],{"href":13668},[294,64676,64677],{},[21,64678,64679],{"href":52484},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[294,64681,64682],{},[21,64683,54163],{"href":52933},[1796,64685,64686],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":64688},[64689,64690,64691,64692,64693,64700,64701,64702,64707,64708,64715,64723],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":62801,"depth":83,"text":62802},{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":59501,"depth":83,"text":59502},{"id":63029,"depth":83,"text":63030,"children":64694},[64695,64696,64697,64698,64699],{"id":63033,"depth":94,"text":63034},{"id":63100,"depth":94,"text":63101},{"id":63178,"depth":94,"text":63179},{"id":63253,"depth":94,"text":63254},{"id":63320,"depth":94,"text":63321},{"id":63432,"depth":83,"text":63433},{"id":63568,"depth":83,"text":63569},{"id":63868,"depth":83,"text":63869,"children":64703},[64704,64705,64706],{"id":63877,"depth":94,"text":63878},{"id":63967,"depth":94,"text":63968},{"id":64061,"depth":94,"text":64062},{"id":64176,"depth":83,"text":64177},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":64709},[64710,64711,64713,64714],{"id":64343,"depth":94,"text":64344},{"id":64410,"depth":94,"text":64712},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64519,"depth":94,"text":64520},{"id":64585,"depth":94,"text":64586},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":64716},[64717,64719,64720,64721,64722],{"id":64599,"depth":94,"text":64718},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64614,"depth":94,"text":64615},{"id":64624,"depth":94,"text":64625},{"id":64631,"depth":94,"text":64632},{"id":64638,"depth":94,"text":64639},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62635,"description":64724},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64731,"title":64732,"body":64733,"description":66084,"extension":1837,"meta":66085,"navigation":159,"path":66086,"seo":66087,"stem":66088,"__hash__":66089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64734,"toc":66058},[64735,64740,64746,64755,64757,64830,64839,64844,64848,64864,64868,64870,64872,64891,64894,64922,64925,64950,64958,64960,64965,64972,64974,65031,65033,65041,65047,65051,65054,65127,65129,65137,65140,65163,65170,65176,65180,65186,65257,65259,65267,65276,65283,65290,65298,65442,65444,65461,65464,65503,65506,65510,65515,65517,65576,65582,65585,65692,65694,65709,65712,65719,65721,65725,65873,65876,65937,65940,65943,65964,65969,65973,65984,65987,65989,65994,65997,66005,66010,66016,66019,66025,66033,66035,66055],[10,64736,54227,64738,11199],{"id":64737},"python-list-index-method",[44,64739,58851],{},[14,64741,64742,64745],{},[44,64743,64744],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64747,64748,64749,64752,64753,30],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[575,64750,64751],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[44,64754,40585],{},[32,64756,3482],{"id":3481},[37,64758,64760],{"className":39,"code":64759,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[44,64761,64762,64794,64817],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64763,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64765,7654],{"class":53},[47,64767,58],{"class":57},[47,64769,957],{"class":61},[47,64771,126],{"class":125},[47,64773,405],{"class":129},[47,64775,126],{"class":125},[47,64777,69],{"class":61},[47,64779,136],{"class":125},[47,64781,3960],{"class":129},[47,64783,126],{"class":125},[47,64785,69],{"class":61},[47,64787,136],{"class":125},[47,64789,3969],{"class":129},[47,64791,126],{"class":125},[47,64793,1402],{"class":61},[47,64795,64796,64799,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64797,64798],{"class":53},"position ",[47,64800,58],{"class":57},[47,64802,5840],{"class":53},[47,64804,30],{"class":61},[47,64806,35728],{"class":173},[47,64808,170],{"class":61},[47,64810,126],{"class":125},[47,64812,3960],{"class":129},[47,64814,126],{"class":125},[47,64816,80],{"class":61},[47,64818,64819,64821,64823,64826,64828],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,64820,167],{"class":166},[47,64822,170],{"class":61},[47,64824,64825],{"class":173},"position",[47,64827,3533],{"class":61},[47,64829,27657],{"class":1494},[14,64831,1967,64832,64835,64836,64838],{},[44,64833,64834],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[44,64837,40585],{}," if the item is not found.",[32,64840,3550,64842,3553],{"id":64841},"what-listindex-does",[44,64843,64744],{},[14,64845,64846,2760],{},[44,64847,64744],{},[291,64849,64850,64853,64856,64861],{},[294,64851,64852],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[294,64854,64855],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[294,64857,64858,64859],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[44,64860,1237],{},[294,64862,64863],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,64865,54452,64866,30],{},[21,64867,52656],{"href":54455},[32,64869,2032],{"id":2031},[14,64871,30603],{},[37,64873,64875],{"className":39,"code":64874,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.index(value)\n",[44,64876,64877],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64878,64879,64881,64883,64885,64887,64889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64880,8215],{"class":53},[47,64882,30],{"class":61},[47,64884,35728],{"class":173},[47,64886,170],{"class":61},[47,64888,605],{"class":173},[47,64890,80],{"class":61},[14,64892,64893],{},"You can also limit the search:",[37,64895,64897],{"className":39,"code":64896,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[44,64898,64899],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64900,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64902,8215],{"class":53},[47,64904,30],{"class":61},[47,64906,35728],{"class":173},[47,64908,170],{"class":61},[47,64910,605],{"class":173},[47,64912,69],{"class":61},[47,64914,35934],{"class":173},[47,64916,69],{"class":61},[47,64918,64919],{"class":173}," end",[47,64921,80],{"class":61},[14,64923,64924],{},"Here is what each part means:",[291,64926,64927,64932,64937,64942],{},[294,64928,64929,64931],{},[44,64930,605],{},": the item to search for",[294,64933,64934,64936],{},[44,64935,35955],{},": where the search begins",[294,64938,64939,64941],{},[44,64940,52545],{},": where the search stops",[294,64943,64944,4658,64946,64949],{},[44,64945,52545],{},[575,64947,64948],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,64951,64952,64953,64955,64956,30],{},"This means Python searches from ",[44,64954,35955],{}," up to, but not including, ",[44,64957,52545],{},[32,64959,37902],{"id":37901},[14,64961,64962,64964],{},[44,64963,64744],{}," returns an integer.",[14,64966,64967,64968,64971],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[575,64969,64970],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,64973,2083],{},[37,64975,64977],{"className":39,"code":64976,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,64978,64979,64999,65017,65021],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,64980,64981,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995,64997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64982,54],{"class":53},[47,64984,58],{"class":57},[47,64986,957],{"class":61},[47,64988,960],{"class":65},[47,64990,69],{"class":61},[47,64992,965],{"class":65},[47,64994,69],{"class":61},[47,64996,7669],{"class":65},[47,64998,1402],{"class":61},[47,65000,65001,65003,65005,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65002,2106],{"class":53},[47,65004,58],{"class":57},[47,65006,4136],{"class":53},[47,65008,30],{"class":61},[47,65010,35728],{"class":173},[47,65012,170],{"class":61},[47,65014,15632],{"class":65},[47,65016,80],{"class":61},[47,65018,65019],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,65020,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,65022,65023,65025,65027,65029],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,65024,167],{"class":166},[47,65026,170],{"class":61},[47,65028,2141],{"class":173},[47,65030,80],{"class":61},[14,65032,215],{},[37,65034,65035],{"className":39,"code":46800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,65036,65037],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65038,65039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65040,46800],{"class":65},[14,65042,65043,65044,65046],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[44,65045,58851],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[32,65048,65050],{"id":65049},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65052,65053],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[37,65055,65057],{"className":39,"code":65056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[44,65058,65059,65091,65113,65117],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65060,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069,65071,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65062,36120],{"class":53},[47,65064,58],{"class":57},[47,65066,957],{"class":61},[47,65068,126],{"class":125},[47,65070,405],{"class":129},[47,65072,126],{"class":125},[47,65074,69],{"class":61},[47,65076,136],{"class":125},[47,65078,3960],{"class":129},[47,65080,126],{"class":125},[47,65082,69],{"class":61},[47,65084,136],{"class":125},[47,65086,3969],{"class":129},[47,65088,126],{"class":125},[47,65090,1402],{"class":61},[47,65092,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65094,64798],{"class":53},[47,65096,58],{"class":57},[47,65098,52736],{"class":53},[47,65100,30],{"class":61},[47,65102,35728],{"class":173},[47,65104,170],{"class":61},[47,65106,126],{"class":125},[47,65108,3969],{"class":129},[47,65110,126],{"class":125},[47,65112,80],{"class":61},[47,65114,65115],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,65116,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,65118,65119,65121,65123,65125],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,65120,167],{"class":166},[47,65122,170],{"class":61},[47,65124,64825],{"class":173},[47,65126,80],{"class":61},[14,65128,215],{},[37,65130,65131],{"className":39,"code":16933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,65132,65133],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65134,65135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65136,16933],{"class":65},[14,65138,65139],{},"In this list:",[291,65141,65142,65149,65156],{},[294,65143,65144,65146,65147],{},[44,65145,57716],{}," is at index ",[44,65148,1237],{},[294,65150,65151,65146,65154],{},[44,65152,65153],{},"\"banana\"",[44,65155,66],{},[294,65157,65158,65146,65161],{},[44,65159,65160],{},"\"cherry\"",[44,65162,1931],{},[14,65164,53538,65165,2274,65168,30],{},[44,65166,65167],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[44,65169,1931],{},[14,65171,51427,65172,30],{},[21,65173,65175],{"href":65174},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[32,65177,65179],{"id":65178},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65181,65182,65183,65185],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[44,65184,58851],{}," returns the first match only.",[37,65187,65189],{"className":39,"code":65188,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[44,65190,65191,65231,65235],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65192,65193,65195,65197,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219,65221,65223,65225,65227,65229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65194,823],{"class":53},[47,65196,58],{"class":57},[47,65198,957],{"class":61},[47,65200,126],{"class":125},[47,65202,832],{"class":129},[47,65204,126],{"class":125},[47,65206,69],{"class":61},[47,65208,136],{"class":125},[47,65210,850],{"class":129},[47,65212,126],{"class":125},[47,65214,69],{"class":61},[47,65216,136],{"class":125},[47,65218,832],{"class":129},[47,65220,126],{"class":125},[47,65222,69],{"class":61},[47,65224,136],{"class":125},[47,65226,841],{"class":129},[47,65228,126],{"class":125},[47,65230,1402],{"class":61},[47,65232,65233],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65234,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,65236,65237,65239,65241,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,65238,167],{"class":166},[47,65240,170],{"class":61},[47,65242,863],{"class":173},[47,65244,30],{"class":61},[47,65246,35728],{"class":173},[47,65248,170],{"class":61},[47,65250,126],{"class":125},[47,65252,832],{"class":129},[47,65254,126],{"class":125},[47,65256,506],{"class":61},[14,65258,215],{},[37,65260,65261],{"className":39,"code":47135,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,65262,65263],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65264,65265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65266,47135],{"class":65},[14,65268,20853,65269,65272,65273,65275],{},[44,65270,65271],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[44,65274,1237],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65277,65278,65279,30],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[21,65280,55405,65281,10617],{"href":58910},[44,65282,57173],{},[32,65284,8294,65286,4267,65288],{"id":65285},"using-start-and-end",[44,65287,35955],{},[44,65289,52545],{},[14,65291,65292,65293,4267,65295,65297],{},"The optional ",[44,65294,35955],{},[44,65296,52545],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[37,65299,65301],{"className":39,"code":65300,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[44,65302,65303,65351,65355,65380,65409],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65304,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65306,1118],{"class":53},[47,65308,58],{"class":57},[47,65310,957],{"class":61},[47,65312,126],{"class":125},[47,65314,21],{"class":129},[47,65316,126],{"class":125},[47,65318,69],{"class":61},[47,65320,136],{"class":125},[47,65322,139],{"class":129},[47,65324,126],{"class":125},[47,65326,69],{"class":61},[47,65328,136],{"class":125},[47,65330,148],{"class":129},[47,65332,126],{"class":125},[47,65334,69],{"class":61},[47,65336,136],{"class":125},[47,65338,139],{"class":129},[47,65340,126],{"class":125},[47,65342,69],{"class":61},[47,65344,136],{"class":125},[47,65346,18644],{"class":129},[47,65348,126],{"class":125},[47,65350,1402],{"class":61},[47,65352,65353],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65354,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,65356,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,65358,167],{"class":166},[47,65360,170],{"class":61},[47,65362,1142],{"class":173},[47,65364,30],{"class":61},[47,65366,35728],{"class":173},[47,65368,170],{"class":61},[47,65370,126],{"class":125},[47,65372,139],{"class":129},[47,65374,126],{"class":125},[47,65376,5235],{"class":61},[47,65378,65379],{"class":1494},"        # first match\n",[47,65381,65382,65384,65386,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,65383,167],{"class":166},[47,65385,170],{"class":61},[47,65387,1142],{"class":173},[47,65389,30],{"class":61},[47,65391,35728],{"class":173},[47,65393,170],{"class":61},[47,65395,126],{"class":125},[47,65397,139],{"class":129},[47,65399,126],{"class":125},[47,65401,69],{"class":61},[47,65403,72],{"class":65},[47,65405,5235],{"class":61},[47,65407,65408],{"class":1494},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[47,65410,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,65412,167],{"class":166},[47,65414,170],{"class":61},[47,65416,1142],{"class":173},[47,65418,30],{"class":61},[47,65420,35728],{"class":173},[47,65422,170],{"class":61},[47,65424,126],{"class":125},[47,65426,139],{"class":129},[47,65428,126],{"class":125},[47,65430,69],{"class":61},[47,65432,1242],{"class":65},[47,65434,69],{"class":61},[47,65436,2333],{"class":65},[47,65438,5235],{"class":61},[47,65440,65441],{"class":1494},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65443,215],{},[37,65445,65447],{"className":39,"code":65446,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1\n3\n1\n",[44,65448,65449,65453,65457],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65450,65451],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65452,46800],{"class":65},[47,65454,65455],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65456,46500],{"class":65},[47,65458,65459],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,65460,46800],{"class":65},[14,65462,65463],{},"How this works:",[291,65465,65466,65478,65491],{},[294,65467,65468,65471,65472,65475,65476],{},[44,65469,65470],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[44,65473,65474],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[44,65477,66],{},[294,65479,65480,65483,65484,65486,65487,65475,65489],{},[44,65481,65482],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[44,65485,1931],{},", so it finds the next ",[44,65488,65474],{},[44,65490,1937],{},[294,65492,65493,65496,65497,2064,65499,16949,65501],{},[44,65494,65495],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[44,65498,66],{},[44,65500,1931],{},[44,65502,1937],{},[14,65504,65505],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[32,65507,65509],{"id":65508},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65511,65512,65513,30],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[44,65514,40585],{},[14,65516,2083],{},[37,65518,65520],{"className":39,"code":65519,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[44,65521,65522,65554],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65523,65524,65526,65528,65530,65532,65534,65536,65538,65540,65542,65544,65546,65548,65550,65552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65525,7654],{"class":53},[47,65527,58],{"class":57},[47,65529,957],{"class":61},[47,65531,126],{"class":125},[47,65533,405],{"class":129},[47,65535,126],{"class":125},[47,65537,69],{"class":61},[47,65539,136],{"class":125},[47,65541,3960],{"class":129},[47,65543,126],{"class":125},[47,65545,69],{"class":61},[47,65547,136],{"class":125},[47,65549,3969],{"class":129},[47,65551,126],{"class":125},[47,65553,1402],{"class":61},[47,65555,65556,65558,65560,65562,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65557,167],{"class":166},[47,65559,170],{"class":61},[47,65561,7684],{"class":173},[47,65563,30],{"class":61},[47,65565,35728],{"class":173},[47,65567,170],{"class":61},[47,65569,126],{"class":125},[47,65571,33100],{"class":129},[47,65573,126],{"class":125},[47,65575,506],{"class":61},[14,65577,39534,65578,65581],{},[44,65579,65580],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65583,65584],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[37,65586,65588],{"className":39,"code":65587,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[44,65589,65590,65622,65635,65639,65652,65671,65677],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65591,65592,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65593,7654],{"class":53},[47,65595,58],{"class":57},[47,65597,957],{"class":61},[47,65599,126],{"class":125},[47,65601,405],{"class":129},[47,65603,126],{"class":125},[47,65605,69],{"class":61},[47,65607,136],{"class":125},[47,65609,3960],{"class":129},[47,65611,126],{"class":125},[47,65613,69],{"class":61},[47,65615,136],{"class":125},[47,65617,3969],{"class":129},[47,65619,126],{"class":125},[47,65621,1402],{"class":61},[47,65623,65624,65627,65629,65631,65633],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65625,65626],{"class":53},"search_value ",[47,65628,58],{"class":57},[47,65630,136],{"class":125},[47,65632,33100],{"class":129},[47,65634,3230],{"class":125},[47,65636,65637],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,65638,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,65640,65641,65643,65646,65648,65650],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,65642,6871],{"class":3749},[47,65644,65645],{"class":53}," search_value ",[47,65647,3756],{"class":57},[47,65649,5840],{"class":53},[47,65651,6268],{"class":61},[47,65653,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666,65669],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,65655,7944],{"class":166},[47,65657,170],{"class":61},[47,65659,7684],{"class":173},[47,65661,30],{"class":61},[47,65663,35728],{"class":173},[47,65665,170],{"class":61},[47,65667,65668],{"class":173},"search_value",[47,65670,506],{"class":61},[47,65672,65673,65675],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,65674,27311],{"class":3749},[47,65676,6268],{"class":61},[47,65678,65679,65681,65683,65685,65688,65690],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,65680,7944],{"class":166},[47,65682,170],{"class":61},[47,65684,126],{"class":125},[47,65686,65687],{"class":129},"Item not found",[47,65689,126],{"class":125},[47,65691,80],{"class":61},[14,65693,215],{},[37,65695,65697],{"className":39,"code":65696,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Item not found\n",[44,65698,65699],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65700,65701,65704,65706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65702,65703],{"class":53},"Item ",[47,65705,577],{"class":57},[47,65707,65708],{"class":53}," found\n",[14,65710,65711],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65713,65714,65715,30],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[21,65716,65718],{"href":65717},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[32,65720,4393],{"id":4392},[14,65722,21087,65723,2760],{},[44,65724,64744],{},[291,65726,65727,65745,65757,65817],{},[294,65728,25651,65729,2274,65731,65734,65735,65737,65738,5035,65740,65742,65743,30],{},[44,65730,58851],{},[44,65732,65733],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9721,65736],{},"\nPython does ",[575,65739,577],{},[44,65741,65733],{},". It raises ",[44,65744,40585],{},[294,65746,65747,65748,65750,65753,65754,65756],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9721,65749],{},[44,65751,65752],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[44,65755,65153],{},", not the value itself.",[294,65758,8294,65759,10969,65762,65764,65766,65767,724,65769,65792,744,65794],{},[44,65760,65761],{},"index[]",[44,65763,58851],{},[9721,65765],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9721,65768],{},[37,65770,65772],{"className":39,"code":65771,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[44,65773,65774],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65775,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65777,7684],{"class":53},[47,65779,30],{"class":61},[47,65781,35728],{"class":173},[47,65783,170],{"class":61},[47,65785,126],{"class":125},[47,65787,3960],{"class":129},[47,65789,126],{"class":125},[47,65791,80],{"class":61},[9721,65793],{},[37,65795,65797],{"className":39,"code":65796,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[44,65798,65799],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65800,65801,65803,65805,65807,65809,65811,65813,65815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65802,7684],{"class":53},[47,65804,30],{"class":61},[47,65806,35728],{"class":24626},[47,65808,3773],{"class":61},[47,65810,126],{"class":125},[47,65812,3960],{"class":129},[47,65814,126],{"class":125},[47,65816,1402],{"class":61},[294,65818,65819,65820,65822,4267,65825,65827,65828],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9721,65821],{},[44,65823,65824],{},"\"3\"",[44,65826,1937],{}," are different values in Python.",[37,65829,65831],{"className":39,"code":65830,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[44,65832,65833,65853],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65834,65835,65837,65839,65841,65843,65845,65847,65849,65851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65836,54],{"class":53},[47,65838,58],{"class":57},[47,65840,957],{"class":61},[47,65842,66],{"class":65},[47,65844,69],{"class":61},[47,65846,72],{"class":65},[47,65848,69],{"class":61},[47,65850,77],{"class":65},[47,65852,1402],{"class":61},[47,65854,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65856,167],{"class":166},[47,65858,170],{"class":61},[47,65860,126],{"class":125},[47,65862,1937],{"class":129},[47,65864,126],{"class":125},[47,65866,21049],{"class":3749},[47,65868,4136],{"class":173},[47,65870,3533],{"class":61},[47,65872,4646],{"class":1494},[14,65874,65875],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[37,65877,65879],{"className":39,"code":65878,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[44,65880,65881,65891,65905,65919],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,65882,65883,65885,65887,65889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65884,167],{"class":166},[47,65886,170],{"class":61},[47,65888,8215],{"class":173},[47,65890,80],{"class":61},[47,65892,65893,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65894,167],{"class":166},[47,65896,170],{"class":61},[47,65898,499],{"class":118},[47,65900,170],{"class":61},[47,65902,65668],{"class":173},[47,65904,506],{"class":61},[47,65906,65907,65909,65911,65913,65915,65917],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,65908,167],{"class":166},[47,65910,170],{"class":61},[47,65912,65626],{"class":173},[47,65914,3756],{"class":3749},[47,65916,8272],{"class":173},[47,65918,80],{"class":61},[47,65920,65921,65923,65925,65927,65929,65931,65933,65935],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,65922,167],{"class":166},[47,65924,170],{"class":61},[47,65926,8215],{"class":173},[47,65928,30],{"class":61},[47,65930,35728],{"class":173},[47,65932,170],{"class":61},[47,65934,65668],{"class":173},[47,65936,506],{"class":61},[14,65938,65939],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,65941,65942],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[291,65944,65945,65948,65955,65961],{},[294,65946,65947],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[294,65949,65950,65951,10969,65953],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[44,65952,65824],{},[44,65954,1937],{},[294,65956,65957,65958,65960],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[44,65959,58851],{}," returns only the first one",[294,65962,65963],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[32,65965,4836,65967],{"id":65966},"when-to-use-index",[44,65968,58851],{},[14,65970,1967,65971,10477],{},[44,65972,58851],{},[291,65974,65975,65978,65981],{},[294,65976,65977],{},"You need the position of a known value",[294,65979,65980],{},"You are working with a small list",[294,65982,65983],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,65985,65986],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[32,65988,1708],{"id":1707},[773,65990,1744,65992,5020],{"id":65991},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[44,65993,64744],{},[14,65995,65996],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[773,65998,12584,66000,5035,66002,66004],{"id":65999},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[44,66001,64744],{},[44,66003,65733],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66006,66007,66008,6504],{},"No. It raises ",[44,66009,40585],{},[773,66011,5044,66013,66015],{"id":66012},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[44,66014,64744],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66017,66018],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[773,66020,66022,66023,2368],{"id":66021},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[44,66024,58851],{},[14,66026,66027,66028,4267,66030,66032],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[44,66029,35955],{},[44,66031,52545],{}," arguments.",[32,66034,1758],{"id":1757},[291,66036,66037,66041,66045,66049],{},[294,66038,66039],{},[21,66040,58839],{"href":65174},[294,66042,66043],{},[21,66044,52656],{"href":54455},[294,66046,66047],{},[21,66048,65718],{"href":65717},[294,66050,66051],{},[21,66052,55405,66053,10617],{"href":58910},[44,66054,57173],{},[1796,66056,66057],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":66059},[66060,66061,66063,66064,66065,66066,66067,66069,66070,66071,66073,66083],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":64841,"depth":83,"text":66062},"What list.index() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":37901,"depth":83,"text":37902},{"id":65049,"depth":83,"text":65050},{"id":65178,"depth":83,"text":65179},{"id":65285,"depth":83,"text":66068},"Using start and end",{"id":65508,"depth":83,"text":65509},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393},{"id":65966,"depth":83,"text":66072},"When to use index()",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":66074},[66075,66077,66079,66081],{"id":65991,"depth":94,"text":66076},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65999,"depth":94,"text":66078},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66012,"depth":94,"text":66080},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66021,"depth":94,"text":66082},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64732,"description":66084},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66091,"title":66092,"body":66093,"description":68035,"extension":1837,"meta":68036,"navigation":159,"path":68037,"seo":68038,"stem":68039,"__hash__":68040},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66094,"toc":67995},[66095,66100,66105,66108,66117,66174,66180,66185,66189,66203,66209,66211,66234,66251,66253,66314,66316,66348,66361,66363,66366,66466,66468,66546,66552,66556,66564,66568,66574,66629,66631,66655,66659,66662,66715,66717,66741,66745,66748,66801,66803,66827,66831,66837,66908,66910,66951,66957,66964,66967,66972,66980,66985,66993,66995,67092,67094,67163,67170,67175,67177,67181,67186,67188,67259,67261,67290,67296,67298,67325,67328,67351,67355,67358,67380,67383,67406,67408,67468,67470,67502,67508,67513,67566,67568,67593,67596,67645,67647,67668,67672,67677,67680,67735,67737,67764,67771,67775,67780,67851,67854,67868,67873,67878,67880,67894,67906,67911,67913,67918,67923,67927,67930,67936,67942,67949,67957,67959,67992],[10,66096,54227,66098,11199],{"id":66097},"python-list-insert-method",[44,66099,54153],{},[14,66101,66102,66104],{},[44,66103,53796],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66106,66107],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66109,1967,66110,66112,66113,30],{},[44,66111,54153],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[21,66114,55405,66115,10617],{"href":56652},[44,66116,52537],{},[37,66118,66120],{"className":39,"code":66119,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,66121,66122,66142,66160,66170],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66123,66124,66126,66128,66130,66132,66134,66136,66138,66140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66125,54],{"class":53},[47,66127,58],{"class":57},[47,66129,957],{"class":61},[47,66131,66],{"class":65},[47,66133,69],{"class":61},[47,66135,72],{"class":65},[47,66137,69],{"class":61},[47,66139,2333],{"class":65},[47,66141,1402],{"class":61},[47,66143,66144,66146,66148,66150,66152,66154,66156,66158],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66145,174],{"class":53},[47,66147,30],{"class":61},[47,66149,53836],{"class":173},[47,66151,170],{"class":61},[47,66153,1931],{"class":65},[47,66155,69],{"class":61},[47,66157,77],{"class":65},[47,66159,80],{"class":61},[47,66161,66162,66164,66166,66168],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66163,167],{"class":166},[47,66165,170],{"class":61},[47,66167,174],{"class":173},[47,66169,80],{"class":61},[47,66171,66172],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,66173,52608],{"class":1494},[14,66175,1967,66176,66179],{},[44,66177,66178],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[32,66181,3550,66183,3553],{"id":66182},"what-listinsert-does",[44,66184,53796],{},[14,66186,66187,2760],{},[44,66188,53796],{},[291,66190,66191,66194,66197,66199],{},[294,66192,66193],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[294,66195,66196],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[294,66198,54313],{},[294,66200,11301,66201],{},[44,66202,3652],{},[14,66204,66205,66206,66208],{},"That last point is important. ",[44,66207,54153],{}," does not create a new list.",[32,66210,5305],{"id":5304},[37,66212,66214],{"className":39,"code":66213,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[44,66215,66216],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66217,66218,66220,66222,66224,66226,66228,66230,66232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66219,8215],{"class":53},[47,66221,30],{"class":61},[47,66223,53836],{"class":173},[47,66225,170],{"class":61},[47,66227,35728],{"class":173},[47,66229,69],{"class":61},[47,66231,29384],{"class":173},[47,66233,80],{"class":61},[291,66235,66236,66241,66246],{},[294,66237,66238,66240],{},[44,66239,35728],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[294,66242,66243,66245],{},[44,66244,1329],{}," is the value to add",[294,66247,66248,66249],{},"The first list position is index ",[44,66250,1237],{},[14,66252,2083],{},[37,66254,66256],{"className":39,"code":66255,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[44,66257,66258,66282,66304],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66259,66260,66262,66264,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66261,1118],{"class":53},[47,66263,58],{"class":57},[47,66265,957],{"class":61},[47,66267,126],{"class":125},[47,66269,21],{"class":129},[47,66271,126],{"class":125},[47,66273,69],{"class":61},[47,66275,136],{"class":125},[47,66277,148],{"class":129},[47,66279,126],{"class":125},[47,66281,1402],{"class":61},[47,66283,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298,66300,66302],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66285,1142],{"class":53},[47,66287,30],{"class":61},[47,66289,53836],{"class":173},[47,66291,170],{"class":61},[47,66293,66],{"class":65},[47,66295,69],{"class":61},[47,66297,136],{"class":125},[47,66299,139],{"class":129},[47,66301,126],{"class":125},[47,66303,80],{"class":61},[47,66305,66306,66308,66310,66312],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66307,167],{"class":166},[47,66309,170],{"class":61},[47,66311,1142],{"class":173},[47,66313,80],{"class":61},[14,66315,215],{},[37,66317,66318],{"className":39,"code":42757,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,66319,66320],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66321,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66323,3773],{"class":61},[47,66325,256],{"class":125},[47,66327,21],{"class":129},[47,66329,256],{"class":125},[47,66331,69],{"class":61},[47,66333,265],{"class":125},[47,66335,139],{"class":129},[47,66337,256],{"class":125},[47,66339,69],{"class":61},[47,66341,265],{"class":125},[47,66343,148],{"class":129},[47,66345,256],{"class":125},[47,66347,1402],{"class":61},[14,66349,20648,66350,66352,66353,66355,66356,4267,66358,30],{},[44,66351,65474],{}," is inserted at index ",[44,66354,66],{},", so it appears between ",[44,66357,17972],{},[44,66359,66360],{},"\"c\"",[32,66362,5661],{"id":5660},[14,66364,66365],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[37,66367,66369],{"className":39,"code":66368,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[44,66370,66371,66403,66421,66425,66447],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66372,66373,66375,66377,66379,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399,66401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66374,823],{"class":53},[47,66376,58],{"class":57},[47,66378,957],{"class":61},[47,66380,126],{"class":125},[47,66382,832],{"class":129},[47,66384,126],{"class":125},[47,66386,69],{"class":61},[47,66388,136],{"class":125},[47,66390,850],{"class":129},[47,66392,126],{"class":125},[47,66394,69],{"class":61},[47,66396,136],{"class":125},[47,66398,841],{"class":129},[47,66400,126],{"class":125},[47,66402,1402],{"class":61},[47,66404,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66406,167],{"class":166},[47,66408,170],{"class":61},[47,66410,126],{"class":125},[47,66412,11442],{"class":129},[47,66414,126],{"class":125},[47,66416,69],{"class":61},[47,66418,13001],{"class":173},[47,66420,80],{"class":61},[47,66422,66423],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66424,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,66426,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,66428,863],{"class":53},[47,66430,30],{"class":61},[47,66432,53836],{"class":173},[47,66434,170],{"class":61},[47,66436,66],{"class":65},[47,66438,69],{"class":61},[47,66440,136],{"class":125},[47,66442,22400],{"class":129},[47,66444,126],{"class":125},[47,66446,80],{"class":61},[47,66448,66449,66451,66453,66455,66458,66460,66462,66464],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,66450,167],{"class":166},[47,66452,170],{"class":61},[47,66454,126],{"class":125},[47,66456,66457],{"class":129},"After: ",[47,66459,126],{"class":125},[47,66461,69],{"class":61},[47,66463,13001],{"class":173},[47,66465,80],{"class":61},[14,66467,215],{},[37,66469,66471],{"className":39,"code":66470,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[44,66472,66473,66505],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66474,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487,66489,66491,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501,66503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66476,11502],{"class":53},[47,66478,2760],{"class":61},[47,66480,957],{"class":61},[47,66482,256],{"class":125},[47,66484,832],{"class":129},[47,66486,256],{"class":125},[47,66488,69],{"class":61},[47,66490,265],{"class":125},[47,66492,850],{"class":129},[47,66494,256],{"class":125},[47,66496,69],{"class":61},[47,66498,265],{"class":125},[47,66500,841],{"class":129},[47,66502,256],{"class":125},[47,66504,1402],{"class":61},[47,66506,66507,66509,66511,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542,66544],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66508,11555],{"class":53},[47,66510,2760],{"class":61},[47,66512,66513],{"class":61},"  [",[47,66515,256],{"class":125},[47,66517,832],{"class":129},[47,66519,256],{"class":125},[47,66521,69],{"class":61},[47,66523,265],{"class":125},[47,66525,22400],{"class":129},[47,66527,256],{"class":125},[47,66529,69],{"class":61},[47,66531,265],{"class":125},[47,66533,850],{"class":129},[47,66535,256],{"class":125},[47,66537,69],{"class":61},[47,66539,265],{"class":125},[47,66541,841],{"class":129},[47,66543,256],{"class":125},[47,66545,1402],{"class":61},[14,66547,66548,66549,66551],{},"The new value appears at index ",[44,66550,66],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[32,66553,66555],{"id":66554},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66557,1854,66558,35211,66560,66563],{},[44,66559,35728],{},[44,66561,66562],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[773,66565,66567],{"id":66566},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66569,66570,66571,66573],{},"Use index ",[44,66572,1237],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[37,66575,66577],{"className":39,"code":66576,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[44,66578,66579,66600,66619],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66580,66581,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66582,66583],{"class":53},"nums ",[47,66585,58],{"class":57},[47,66587,957],{"class":61},[47,66589,1931],{"class":65},[47,66591,69],{"class":61},[47,66593,77],{"class":65},[47,66595,69],{"class":61},[47,66597,2333],{"class":65},[47,66599,1402],{"class":61},[47,66601,66602,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66603,66604],{"class":53},"nums",[47,66606,30],{"class":61},[47,66608,53836],{"class":173},[47,66610,170],{"class":61},[47,66612,1237],{"class":65},[47,66614,69],{"class":61},[47,66616,1242],{"class":65},[47,66618,80],{"class":61},[47,66620,66621,66623,66625,66627],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66622,167],{"class":166},[47,66624,170],{"class":61},[47,66626,66604],{"class":173},[47,66628,80],{"class":61},[14,66630,215],{},[37,66632,66633],{"className":39,"code":53390,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,66634,66635],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66636,66637,66639,66641,66643,66645,66647,66649,66651,66653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66638,3773],{"class":61},[47,66640,66],{"class":65},[47,66642,69],{"class":61},[47,66644,72],{"class":65},[47,66646,69],{"class":61},[47,66648,77],{"class":65},[47,66650,69],{"class":61},[47,66652,2333],{"class":65},[47,66654,1402],{"class":61},[773,66656,66658],{"id":66657},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66660,66661],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[37,66663,66665],{"className":39,"code":66664,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[44,66666,66667,66687,66705],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66668,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66670,66583],{"class":53},[47,66672,58],{"class":57},[47,66674,957],{"class":61},[47,66676,66],{"class":65},[47,66678,69],{"class":61},[47,66680,72],{"class":65},[47,66682,69],{"class":61},[47,66684,2333],{"class":65},[47,66686,1402],{"class":61},[47,66688,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66690,66604],{"class":53},[47,66692,30],{"class":61},[47,66694,53836],{"class":173},[47,66696,170],{"class":61},[47,66698,1931],{"class":65},[47,66700,69],{"class":61},[47,66702,77],{"class":65},[47,66704,80],{"class":61},[47,66706,66707,66709,66711,66713],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66708,167],{"class":166},[47,66710,170],{"class":61},[47,66712,66604],{"class":173},[47,66714,80],{"class":61},[14,66716,215],{},[37,66718,66719],{"className":39,"code":53390,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,66720,66721],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66722,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66724,3773],{"class":61},[47,66726,66],{"class":65},[47,66728,69],{"class":61},[47,66730,72],{"class":65},[47,66732,69],{"class":61},[47,66734,77],{"class":65},[47,66736,69],{"class":61},[47,66738,2333],{"class":65},[47,66740,1402],{"class":61},[773,66742,66744],{"id":66743},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66746,66747],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[37,66749,66751],{"className":39,"code":66750,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[44,66752,66753,66773,66791],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66754,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66756,66583],{"class":53},[47,66758,58],{"class":57},[47,66760,957],{"class":61},[47,66762,66],{"class":65},[47,66764,69],{"class":61},[47,66766,72],{"class":65},[47,66768,69],{"class":61},[47,66770,77],{"class":65},[47,66772,1402],{"class":61},[47,66774,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66776,66604],{"class":53},[47,66778,30],{"class":61},[47,66780,53836],{"class":173},[47,66782,170],{"class":61},[47,66784,960],{"class":65},[47,66786,69],{"class":61},[47,66788,2333],{"class":65},[47,66790,80],{"class":61},[47,66792,66793,66795,66797,66799],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66794,167],{"class":166},[47,66796,170],{"class":61},[47,66798,66604],{"class":173},[47,66800,80],{"class":61},[14,66802,215],{},[37,66804,66805],{"className":39,"code":53390,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,66806,66807],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66808,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66810,3773],{"class":61},[47,66812,66],{"class":65},[47,66814,69],{"class":61},[47,66816,72],{"class":65},[47,66818,69],{"class":61},[47,66820,77],{"class":65},[47,66822,69],{"class":61},[47,66824,2333],{"class":65},[47,66826,1402],{"class":61},[773,66828,66830],{"id":66829},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66832,66833,66834,66836],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[44,66835,54153],{}," places the item before that position.",[37,66838,66840],{"className":39,"code":66839,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[44,66841,66842,66874,66898],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66843,66844,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66845,1118],{"class":53},[47,66847,58],{"class":57},[47,66849,957],{"class":61},[47,66851,126],{"class":125},[47,66853,21],{"class":129},[47,66855,126],{"class":125},[47,66857,69],{"class":61},[47,66859,136],{"class":125},[47,66861,139],{"class":129},[47,66863,126],{"class":125},[47,66865,69],{"class":61},[47,66867,136],{"class":125},[47,66869,18644],{"class":129},[47,66871,126],{"class":125},[47,66873,1402],{"class":61},[47,66875,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894,66896],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66877,1142],{"class":53},[47,66879,30],{"class":61},[47,66881,53836],{"class":173},[47,66883,170],{"class":61},[47,66885,1896],{"class":57},[47,66887,66],{"class":65},[47,66889,69],{"class":61},[47,66891,136],{"class":125},[47,66893,148],{"class":129},[47,66895,126],{"class":125},[47,66897,80],{"class":61},[47,66899,66900,66902,66904,66906],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66901,167],{"class":166},[47,66903,170],{"class":61},[47,66905,1142],{"class":173},[47,66907,80],{"class":61},[14,66909,215],{},[37,66911,66913],{"className":39,"code":66912,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[44,66914,66915],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,66916,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66918,3773],{"class":61},[47,66920,256],{"class":125},[47,66922,21],{"class":129},[47,66924,256],{"class":125},[47,66926,69],{"class":61},[47,66928,265],{"class":125},[47,66930,139],{"class":129},[47,66932,256],{"class":125},[47,66934,69],{"class":61},[47,66936,265],{"class":125},[47,66938,148],{"class":129},[47,66940,256],{"class":125},[47,66942,69],{"class":61},[47,66944,265],{"class":125},[47,66946,18644],{"class":129},[47,66948,256],{"class":125},[47,66950,1402],{"class":61},[14,66952,66953,66954,2181],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[21,66955,66956],{"href":50863},"Python lists beginner guide",[32,66958,66960,10461,66962],{"id":66959},"insert-vs-append",[44,66961,54153],{},[44,66963,52537],{},[14,66965,66966],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[773,66968,1967,66970,10477],{"id":66969},"use-insert-when",[44,66971,54153],{},[291,66973,66974,66977],{},[294,66975,66976],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[294,66978,66979],{},"The order of the list matters",[773,66981,1967,66983,10477],{"id":66982},"use-append-when",[44,66984,52537],{},[291,66986,66987,66990],{},[294,66988,66989],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[294,66991,66992],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,66994,2083],{},[37,66996,66998],{"className":39,"code":66997,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[44,66999,67000,67024,67028,67050,67060,67064,67082],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67001,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67003,7654],{"class":53},[47,67005,58],{"class":57},[47,67007,957],{"class":61},[47,67009,126],{"class":125},[47,67011,405],{"class":129},[47,67013,126],{"class":125},[47,67015,69],{"class":61},[47,67017,136],{"class":125},[47,67019,33100],{"class":129},[47,67021,126],{"class":125},[47,67023,1402],{"class":61},[47,67025,67026],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67027,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,67029,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67031,7684],{"class":53},[47,67033,30],{"class":61},[47,67035,53836],{"class":173},[47,67037,170],{"class":61},[47,67039,66],{"class":65},[47,67041,69],{"class":61},[47,67043,136],{"class":125},[47,67045,3960],{"class":129},[47,67047,126],{"class":125},[47,67049,80],{"class":61},[47,67051,67052,67054,67056,67058],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,67053,167],{"class":166},[47,67055,170],{"class":61},[47,67057,7684],{"class":173},[47,67059,80],{"class":61},[47,67061,67062],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,67063,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,67065,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,67067,7684],{"class":53},[47,67069,30],{"class":61},[47,67071,13431],{"class":173},[47,67073,170],{"class":61},[47,67075,126],{"class":125},[47,67077,22409],{"class":129},[47,67079,126],{"class":125},[47,67081,80],{"class":61},[47,67083,67084,67086,67088,67090],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,67085,167],{"class":166},[47,67087,170],{"class":61},[47,67089,7684],{"class":173},[47,67091,80],{"class":61},[14,67093,215],{},[37,67095,67097],{"className":39,"code":67096,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[44,67098,67099,67127],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67100,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67102,3773],{"class":61},[47,67104,256],{"class":125},[47,67106,405],{"class":129},[47,67108,256],{"class":125},[47,67110,69],{"class":61},[47,67112,265],{"class":125},[47,67114,3960],{"class":129},[47,67116,256],{"class":125},[47,67118,69],{"class":61},[47,67120,265],{"class":125},[47,67122,33100],{"class":129},[47,67124,256],{"class":125},[47,67126,1402],{"class":61},[47,67128,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67130,3773],{"class":61},[47,67132,256],{"class":125},[47,67134,405],{"class":129},[47,67136,256],{"class":125},[47,67138,69],{"class":61},[47,67140,265],{"class":125},[47,67142,3960],{"class":129},[47,67144,256],{"class":125},[47,67146,69],{"class":61},[47,67148,265],{"class":125},[47,67150,33100],{"class":129},[47,67152,256],{"class":125},[47,67154,69],{"class":61},[47,67156,265],{"class":125},[47,67158,22409],{"class":129},[47,67160,256],{"class":125},[47,67162,1402],{"class":61},[14,67164,67165,67166,30],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[21,67167,55405,67168,10617],{"href":56652},[44,67169,52537],{},[14,67171,67172,67173,30],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[21,67174,52934],{"href":52933},[32,67176,4393],{"id":4392},[14,67178,14612,67179,30],{},[44,67180,54153],{},[773,67182,12474,67184],{"id":67183},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[44,67185,54153],{},[14,67187,25567],{},[37,67189,67191],{"className":39,"code":67190,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,67192,67193,67213,67235,67239,67249],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67194,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67196,54],{"class":53},[47,67198,58],{"class":57},[47,67200,957],{"class":61},[47,67202,66],{"class":65},[47,67204,69],{"class":61},[47,67206,72],{"class":65},[47,67208,69],{"class":61},[47,67210,77],{"class":65},[47,67212,1402],{"class":61},[47,67214,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67216,2106],{"class":53},[47,67218,58],{"class":57},[47,67220,4136],{"class":53},[47,67222,30],{"class":61},[47,67224,53836],{"class":173},[47,67226,170],{"class":61},[47,67228,66],{"class":65},[47,67230,69],{"class":61},[47,67232,10072],{"class":65},[47,67234,80],{"class":61},[47,67236,67237],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67238,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,67240,67241,67243,67245,67247],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,67242,167],{"class":166},[47,67244,170],{"class":61},[47,67246,2141],{"class":173},[47,67248,80],{"class":61},[47,67250,67251,67253,67255,67257],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,67252,167],{"class":166},[47,67254,170],{"class":61},[47,67256,174],{"class":173},[47,67258,80],{"class":61},[14,67260,215],{},[37,67262,67264],{"className":39,"code":67263,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[44,67265,67266,67270],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67267,67268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67269,11687],{"class":412},[47,67271,67272,67274,67276,67278,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67273,3773],{"class":61},[47,67275,66],{"class":65},[47,67277,69],{"class":61},[47,67279,10072],{"class":65},[47,67281,69],{"class":61},[47,67283,72],{"class":65},[47,67285,69],{"class":61},[47,67287,77],{"class":65},[47,67289,1402],{"class":61},[14,67291,67292,54038,67294,30],{},[44,67293,54153],{},[44,67295,3652],{},[14,67297,744],{},[37,67299,67301],{"className":39,"code":67300,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[44,67302,67303],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67304,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67306,55775],{"class":53},[47,67308,58],{"class":57},[47,67310,4136],{"class":53},[47,67312,30],{"class":61},[47,67314,53836],{"class":173},[47,67316,170],{"class":61},[47,67318,66],{"class":65},[47,67320,69],{"class":61},[47,67322,10072],{"class":65},[47,67324,80],{"class":61},[14,67326,67327],{},"Right:",[37,67329,67331],{"className":39,"code":67330,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[44,67332,67333],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67334,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67336,174],{"class":53},[47,67338,30],{"class":61},[47,67340,53836],{"class":173},[47,67342,170],{"class":61},[47,67344,66],{"class":65},[47,67346,69],{"class":61},[47,67348,10072],{"class":65},[47,67350,80],{"class":61},[773,67352,67354],{"id":67353},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67356,67357],{},"The correct order is:",[37,67359,67360],{"className":39,"code":66213,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,67361,67362],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67363,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67365,8215],{"class":53},[47,67367,30],{"class":61},[47,67369,53836],{"class":173},[47,67371,170],{"class":61},[47,67373,35728],{"class":173},[47,67375,69],{"class":61},[47,67377,29384],{"class":173},[47,67379,80],{"class":61},[14,67381,67382],{},"Not:",[37,67384,67386],{"className":39,"code":67385,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[44,67387,67388],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67389,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402,67404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67391,8215],{"class":53},[47,67393,30],{"class":61},[47,67395,53836],{"class":173},[47,67397,170],{"class":61},[47,67399,1329],{"class":173},[47,67401,69],{"class":61},[47,67403,35703],{"class":173},[47,67405,80],{"class":61},[14,67407,2083],{},[37,67409,67410],{"className":39,"code":66255,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,67411,67412,67436,67458],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67413,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432,67434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67415,1118],{"class":53},[47,67417,58],{"class":57},[47,67419,957],{"class":61},[47,67421,126],{"class":125},[47,67423,21],{"class":129},[47,67425,126],{"class":125},[47,67427,69],{"class":61},[47,67429,136],{"class":125},[47,67431,148],{"class":129},[47,67433,126],{"class":125},[47,67435,1402],{"class":61},[47,67437,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450,67452,67454,67456],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67439,1142],{"class":53},[47,67441,30],{"class":61},[47,67443,53836],{"class":173},[47,67445,170],{"class":61},[47,67447,66],{"class":65},[47,67449,69],{"class":61},[47,67451,136],{"class":125},[47,67453,139],{"class":129},[47,67455,126],{"class":125},[47,67457,80],{"class":61},[47,67459,67460,67462,67464,67466],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67461,167],{"class":166},[47,67463,170],{"class":61},[47,67465,1142],{"class":173},[47,67467,80],{"class":61},[14,67469,215],{},[37,67471,67472],{"className":39,"code":42757,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,67473,67474],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67475,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67477,3773],{"class":61},[47,67479,256],{"class":125},[47,67481,21],{"class":129},[47,67483,256],{"class":125},[47,67485,69],{"class":61},[47,67487,265],{"class":125},[47,67489,139],{"class":129},[47,67491,256],{"class":125},[47,67493,69],{"class":61},[47,67495,265],{"class":125},[47,67497,148],{"class":129},[47,67499,256],{"class":125},[47,67501,1402],{"class":61},[773,67503,8330,67505,67507],{"id":67504},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[44,67506,54153],{}," to replace an item",[14,67509,67510,67512],{},[44,67511,54153],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[37,67514,67516],{"className":39,"code":67515,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,67517,67518,67538,67556],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67519,67520,67522,67524,67526,67528,67530,67532,67534,67536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67521,54],{"class":53},[47,67523,58],{"class":57},[47,67525,957],{"class":61},[47,67527,66],{"class":65},[47,67529,69],{"class":61},[47,67531,72],{"class":65},[47,67533,69],{"class":61},[47,67535,77],{"class":65},[47,67537,1402],{"class":61},[47,67539,67540,67542,67544,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67541,174],{"class":53},[47,67543,30],{"class":61},[47,67545,53836],{"class":173},[47,67547,170],{"class":61},[47,67549,66],{"class":65},[47,67551,69],{"class":61},[47,67553,10072],{"class":65},[47,67555,80],{"class":61},[47,67557,67558,67560,67562,67564],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67559,167],{"class":166},[47,67561,170],{"class":61},[47,67563,174],{"class":173},[47,67565,80],{"class":61},[14,67567,215],{},[37,67569,67571],{"className":39,"code":67570,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[44,67572,67573],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67574,67575,67577,67579,67581,67583,67585,67587,67589,67591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67576,3773],{"class":61},[47,67578,66],{"class":65},[47,67580,69],{"class":61},[47,67582,10072],{"class":65},[47,67584,69],{"class":61},[47,67586,72],{"class":65},[47,67588,69],{"class":61},[47,67590,77],{"class":65},[47,67592,1402],{"class":61},[14,67594,67595],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[37,67597,67599],{"className":39,"code":67598,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,67600,67601,67621,67635],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67602,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67604,54],{"class":53},[47,67606,58],{"class":57},[47,67608,957],{"class":61},[47,67610,66],{"class":65},[47,67612,69],{"class":61},[47,67614,72],{"class":65},[47,67616,69],{"class":61},[47,67618,77],{"class":65},[47,67620,1402],{"class":61},[47,67622,67623,67625,67627,67629,67631,67633],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67624,174],{"class":53},[47,67626,3773],{"class":61},[47,67628,66],{"class":65},[47,67630,13151],{"class":61},[47,67632,13154],{"class":57},[47,67634,14009],{"class":65},[47,67636,67637,67639,67641,67643],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67638,167],{"class":166},[47,67640,170],{"class":61},[47,67642,174],{"class":173},[47,67644,80],{"class":61},[14,67646,215],{},[37,67648,67650],{"className":39,"code":67649,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[44,67651,67652],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67653,67654,67656,67658,67660,67662,67664,67666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67655,3773],{"class":61},[47,67657,66],{"class":65},[47,67659,69],{"class":61},[47,67661,10072],{"class":65},[47,67663,69],{"class":61},[47,67665,77],{"class":65},[47,67667,1402],{"class":61},[773,67669,67671],{"id":67670},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67673,67674,67676],{},[44,67675,54153],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67678,67679],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[37,67681,67683],{"className":39,"code":67682,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,67684,67685,67701,67725],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67686,67687,67689,67691,67693,67695,67697,67699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67688,54],{"class":53},[47,67690,58],{"class":57},[47,67692,957],{"class":61},[47,67694,66],{"class":65},[47,67696,69],{"class":61},[47,67698,2333],{"class":65},[47,67700,1402],{"class":61},[47,67702,67703,67705,67707,67709,67711,67713,67715,67717,67719,67721,67723],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67704,174],{"class":53},[47,67706,30],{"class":61},[47,67708,53836],{"class":173},[47,67710,170],{"class":61},[47,67712,66],{"class":65},[47,67714,69],{"class":61},[47,67716,957],{"class":61},[47,67718,1931],{"class":65},[47,67720,69],{"class":61},[47,67722,77],{"class":65},[47,67724,153],{"class":61},[47,67726,67727,67729,67731,67733],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67728,167],{"class":166},[47,67730,170],{"class":61},[47,67732,174],{"class":173},[47,67734,80],{"class":61},[14,67736,215],{},[37,67738,67740],{"className":39,"code":67739,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[44,67741,67742],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67743,67744,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754,67756,67758,67760,67762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67745,3773],{"class":61},[47,67747,66],{"class":65},[47,67749,69],{"class":61},[47,67751,957],{"class":61},[47,67753,1931],{"class":65},[47,67755,69],{"class":61},[47,67757,77],{"class":65},[47,67759,17938],{"class":61},[47,67761,2333],{"class":65},[47,67763,1402],{"class":61},[14,67765,67766,67767,30],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[21,67768,55405,67769,10617],{"href":53229},[44,67770,53331],{},[773,67772,67774],{"id":67773},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67776,8753,67777,67779],{},[44,67778,54153],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[37,67781,67783],{"className":39,"code":67782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[44,67784,67785,67795,67809,67827,67841],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,67786,67787,67789,67791,67793],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67788,167],{"class":166},[47,67790,170],{"class":61},[47,67792,8215],{"class":173},[47,67794,80],{"class":61},[47,67796,67797,67799,67801,67803,67805,67807],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67798,167],{"class":166},[47,67800,170],{"class":61},[47,67802,1698],{"class":166},[47,67804,170],{"class":61},[47,67806,8215],{"class":173},[47,67808,506],{"class":61},[47,67810,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823,67825],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67812,167],{"class":166},[47,67814,170],{"class":61},[47,67816,8215],{"class":173},[47,67818,30],{"class":61},[47,67820,53836],{"class":24626},[47,67822,30],{"class":61},[47,67824,34326],{"class":34333},[47,67826,80],{"class":61},[47,67828,67829,67831,67833,67835,67837,67839],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,67830,32031],{"class":166},[47,67832,170],{"class":61},[47,67834,7969],{"class":118},[47,67836,30],{"class":61},[47,67838,53836],{"class":24626},[47,67840,80],{"class":61},[47,67842,67843,67845,67847,67849],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,67844,499],{"class":118},[47,67846,170],{"class":61},[47,67848,8215],{"class":173},[47,67850,80],{"class":61},[14,67852,67853],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[291,67855,67856,67859,67862,67865],{},[294,67857,67858],{},"What is currently in the list",[294,67860,67861],{},"How long the list is",[294,67863,67864],{},"That you are working with a real list",[294,67866,67867],{},"How Python describes the method",[32,67869,4836,67871],{"id":67870},"when-to-use-insert",[44,67872,54153],{},[14,67874,1967,67875,67877],{},[44,67876,54153],{}," when position matters.",[14,67879,36307],{},[291,67881,67882,67885,67888,67891],{},[294,67883,67884],{},"Ordered menus",[294,67886,67887],{},"Rankings or score lists",[294,67889,67890],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[294,67892,67893],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,67895,67896,67897,67899,67900,67902,67903,67905],{},"You usually do ",[575,67898,577],{}," need ",[44,67901,54153],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[44,67904,52537],{}," is simpler.",[14,67907,67908,67909,30],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[21,67910,57037],{"href":562},[32,67912,1708],{"id":1707},[773,67914,12584,67916,55354],{"id":67915},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[44,67917,53796],{},[14,67919,67920,67921,30],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[44,67922,3652],{},[773,67924,67926],{"id":67925},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,67928,67929],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[773,67931,5044,67933,67935],{"id":67932},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[44,67934,53796],{}," add multiple items?",[14,67937,67938,67939,67941],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[44,67940,53331],{}," or slicing.",[773,67943,5054,67945,4267,67947,2368],{"id":67944},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[44,67946,54153],{},[44,67948,52537],{},[14,67950,67951,67953,67954,67956],{},[44,67952,54153],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[44,67955,52537],{}," adds only at the end.",[32,67958,1758],{"id":1757},[291,67960,67961,67967,67973,67977,67981,67985],{},[294,67962,67963],{},[21,67964,55405,67965,10617],{"href":56652},[44,67966,52537],{},[294,67968,67969],{},[21,67970,55405,67971,10617],{"href":53229},[44,67972,53331],{},[294,67974,67975],{},[21,67976,54163],{"href":52933},[294,67978,67979],{},[21,67980,52656],{"href":50863},[294,67982,67983],{},[21,67984,57111],{"href":562},[294,67986,67987],{},[21,67988,30225,67989,33513],{"href":54181},[44,67990,67991],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1796,67993,67994],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":67996},[67997,67999,68000,68001,68007,68014,68023,68025,68034],{"id":66182,"depth":83,"text":67998},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5304,"depth":83,"text":5305},{"id":5660,"depth":83,"text":5661},{"id":66554,"depth":83,"text":66555,"children":68002},[68003,68004,68005,68006],{"id":66566,"depth":94,"text":66567},{"id":66657,"depth":94,"text":66658},{"id":66743,"depth":94,"text":66744},{"id":66829,"depth":94,"text":66830},{"id":66959,"depth":83,"text":68008,"children":68009},"insert() vs append()",[68010,68012],{"id":66969,"depth":94,"text":68011},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66982,"depth":94,"text":68013},"Use append() when:",{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":68015},[68016,68018,68019,68021,68022],{"id":67183,"depth":94,"text":68017},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67353,"depth":94,"text":67354},{"id":67504,"depth":94,"text":68020},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67670,"depth":94,"text":67671},{"id":67773,"depth":94,"text":67774},{"id":67870,"depth":83,"text":68024},"When to use insert()",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":68026},[68027,68029,68030,68032],{"id":67915,"depth":94,"text":68028},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67925,"depth":94,"text":67926},{"id":67932,"depth":94,"text":68031},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67944,"depth":94,"text":68033},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66092,"description":68035},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68042,"title":68043,"body":68044,"description":69599,"extension":1837,"meta":69600,"navigation":159,"path":58856,"seo":69601,"stem":69602,"__hash__":69603},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68045,"toc":69572},[68046,68052,68061,68110,68112,68120,68126,68128,68146,68152,68157,68160,68163,68178,68180,68232,68234,68242,68250,68257,68259,68265,68330,68332,68340,68342,68361,68364,68415,68419,68424,68451,68453,68461,68464,68533,68535,68550,68556,68560,68569,68572,68627,68629,68637,68640,68642,68687,68689,68697,68703,68705,68713,68716,68718,68757,68759,68798,68803,68805,68807,68842,68845,68847,68885,68889,68895,68897,68948,68950,68958,68965,68968,68989,68992,69047,69058,69060,69121,69123,69132,69139,69145,69148,69151,69208,69211,69224,69231,69237,69243,69245,69258,69261,69358,69360,69377,69380,69462,69464,69486,69493,69499,69501,69505,69511,69517,69522,69526,69529,69535,69542,69544,69569],[10,68047,68049,68050,3533],{"id":68048},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[44,68051,1698],{},[14,68053,68054,68055,68057,68058,68060],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[44,68056,42242],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[44,68059,42242],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[37,68062,68064],{"className":39,"code":68063,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[44,68065,68066,68086,68100],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68067,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68069,54],{"class":53},[47,68071,58],{"class":57},[47,68073,957],{"class":61},[47,68075,960],{"class":65},[47,68077,69],{"class":61},[47,68079,965],{"class":65},[47,68081,69],{"class":61},[47,68083,7669],{"class":65},[47,68085,1402],{"class":61},[47,68087,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096,68098],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68089,41123],{"class":53},[47,68091,58],{"class":57},[47,68093,38267],{"class":166},[47,68095,170],{"class":61},[47,68097,174],{"class":173},[47,68099,80],{"class":61},[47,68101,68102,68104,68106,68108],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,68103,167],{"class":166},[47,68105,170],{"class":61},[47,68107,41141],{"class":173},[47,68109,80],{"class":61},[14,68111,215],{},[37,68113,68114],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,68115,68116],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68117,68118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68119,46500],{"class":65},[14,68121,1967,68122,68125],{},[44,68123,68124],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[32,68127,289],{"id":288},[291,68129,68130,68135,68140,68143],{},[294,68131,4071,68132,68134],{},[44,68133,42242],{}," works with Python lists",[294,68136,68137,68138,11584],{},"What value ",[44,68139,42242],{},[294,68141,68142],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[294,68144,68145],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[32,68147,3550,68149,68151],{"id":68148},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[44,68150,42242],{}," returns for a list",[14,68153,68154,64964],{},[44,68155,68156],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68158,68159],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68161,68162],{},"A few important points:",[291,68164,68165,68168,68173],{},[294,68166,68167],{},"It counts list items",[294,68169,40787,68170,68172],{},[575,68171,577],{}," count characters inside a string item",[294,68174,68175,68176],{},"An empty list returns ",[44,68177,1237],{},[14,68179,2083],{},[37,68181,68183],{"className":39,"code":68182,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[44,68184,68185,68218],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68186,68187,68189,68191,68193,68195,68197,68199,68201,68203,68206,68208,68210,68212,68214,68216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68188,3943],{"class":53},[47,68190,58],{"class":57},[47,68192,957],{"class":61},[47,68194,126],{"class":125},[47,68196,36929],{"class":129},[47,68198,126],{"class":125},[47,68200,69],{"class":61},[47,68202,136],{"class":125},[47,68204,68205],{"class":129},"elephant",[47,68207,126],{"class":125},[47,68209,69],{"class":61},[47,68211,136],{"class":125},[47,68213,58010],{"class":129},[47,68215,126],{"class":125},[47,68217,1402],{"class":61},[47,68219,68220,68222,68224,68226,68228,68230],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68221,167],{"class":166},[47,68223,170],{"class":61},[47,68225,1698],{"class":166},[47,68227,170],{"class":61},[47,68229,3986],{"class":173},[47,68231,506],{"class":61},[14,68233,215],{},[37,68235,68236],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,68237,68238],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68239,68240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68241,46500],{"class":65},[14,68243,20853,68244,68247,68248,64971],{},[44,68245,68246],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[575,68249,52541],{},[14,68251,68252,68253,30],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[21,68254,3448,68255,3381],{"href":42239},[44,68256,42242],{},[32,68258,5661],{"id":5660},[14,68260,68261,68262,68264],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[44,68263,42242],{},", and print the result.",[37,68266,68268],{"className":39,"code":68267,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[44,68269,68270,68302,68316,68320],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68271,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280,68282,68284,68286,68288,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298,68300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68273,823],{"class":53},[47,68275,58],{"class":57},[47,68277,957],{"class":61},[47,68279,126],{"class":125},[47,68281,832],{"class":129},[47,68283,126],{"class":125},[47,68285,69],{"class":61},[47,68287,136],{"class":125},[47,68289,841],{"class":129},[47,68291,126],{"class":125},[47,68293,69],{"class":61},[47,68295,136],{"class":125},[47,68297,850],{"class":129},[47,68299,126],{"class":125},[47,68301,1402],{"class":61},[47,68303,68304,68306,68308,68310,68312,68314],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68305,41123],{"class":53},[47,68307,58],{"class":57},[47,68309,38267],{"class":166},[47,68311,170],{"class":61},[47,68313,863],{"class":173},[47,68315,80],{"class":61},[47,68317,68318],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,68319,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,68321,68322,68324,68326,68328],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,68323,167],{"class":166},[47,68325,170],{"class":61},[47,68327,41141],{"class":173},[47,68329,80],{"class":61},[14,68331,215],{},[37,68333,68334],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,68335,68336],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68337,68338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68339,46500],{"class":65},[14,68341,11562],{},[291,68343,68344,68349,68356],{},[294,68345,68346,68348],{},[44,68347,863],{}," is a list with 3 items",[294,68350,68351,2274,68354],{},[44,68352,68353],{},"len(colors)",[44,68355,1937],{},[294,68357,68358,68359],{},"That value is stored in ",[44,68360,41141],{},[14,68362,68363],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[37,68365,68367],{"className":39,"code":68366,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[44,68368,68369,68401],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68370,68371,68373,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387,68389,68391,68393,68395,68397,68399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68372,823],{"class":53},[47,68374,58],{"class":57},[47,68376,957],{"class":61},[47,68378,126],{"class":125},[47,68380,832],{"class":129},[47,68382,126],{"class":125},[47,68384,69],{"class":61},[47,68386,136],{"class":125},[47,68388,841],{"class":129},[47,68390,126],{"class":125},[47,68392,69],{"class":61},[47,68394,136],{"class":125},[47,68396,850],{"class":129},[47,68398,126],{"class":125},[47,68400,1402],{"class":61},[47,68402,68403,68405,68407,68409,68411,68413],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68404,167],{"class":166},[47,68406,170],{"class":61},[47,68408,1698],{"class":166},[47,68410,170],{"class":61},[47,68412,863],{"class":173},[47,68414,506],{"class":61},[32,68416,68418],{"id":68417},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68420,68421,68422,30],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[44,68423,1237],{},[37,68425,68427],{"className":39,"code":68426,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[44,68428,68429,68437],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68430,68431,68433,68435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68432,7654],{"class":53},[47,68434,58],{"class":57},[47,68436,7713],{"class":61},[47,68438,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68440,167],{"class":166},[47,68442,170],{"class":61},[47,68444,1698],{"class":166},[47,68446,170],{"class":61},[47,68448,7684],{"class":173},[47,68450,506],{"class":61},[14,68452,215],{},[37,68454,68455],{"className":39,"code":47135,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,68456,68457],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68458,68459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68460,47135],{"class":65},[14,68462,68463],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[37,68465,68467],{"className":39,"code":68466,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[44,68468,68469,68477,68481,68499,68513,68519],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68470,68471,68473,68475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68472,7654],{"class":53},[47,68474,58],{"class":57},[47,68476,7713],{"class":61},[47,68478,68479],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68480,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,68482,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,68484,6871],{"class":3749},[47,68486,38267],{"class":166},[47,68488,170],{"class":61},[47,68490,7684],{"class":173},[47,68492,3533],{"class":61},[47,68494,38276],{"class":57},[47,68496,3706],{"class":65},[47,68498,6268],{"class":61},[47,68500,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509,68511],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,68502,7944],{"class":166},[47,68504,170],{"class":61},[47,68506,7684],{"class":173},[47,68508,3773],{"class":61},[47,68510,1237],{"class":65},[47,68512,153],{"class":61},[47,68514,68515,68517],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,68516,27311],{"class":3749},[47,68518,6268],{"class":61},[47,68520,68521,68523,68525,68527,68529,68531],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,68522,7944],{"class":166},[47,68524,170],{"class":61},[47,68526,126],{"class":125},[47,68528,51700],{"class":129},[47,68530,126],{"class":125},[47,68532,80],{"class":61},[14,68534,215],{},[37,68536,68538],{"className":39,"code":68537,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"The list is empty\n",[44,68539,68540],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68541,68542,68544,68546,68548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68543,1854],{"class":53},[47,68545,7969],{"class":118},[47,68547,7972],{"class":57},[47,68549,7978],{"class":53},[14,68551,68552,68553,68555],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[21,68554,52656],{"href":50863}," is a good next step.",[32,68557,68559],{"id":68558},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68561,68562,68564,68565,68568],{},[44,68563,42242],{}," counts only the ",[575,68566,68567],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68570,68571],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[37,68573,68575],{"className":39,"code":68574,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[44,68576,68577,68613],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68578,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603,68605,68607,68609,68611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68580,392],{"class":53},[47,68582,58],{"class":57},[47,68584,56179],{"class":61},[47,68586,66],{"class":65},[47,68588,69],{"class":61},[47,68590,72],{"class":65},[47,68592,17938],{"class":61},[47,68594,957],{"class":61},[47,68596,1937],{"class":65},[47,68598,69],{"class":61},[47,68600,2333],{"class":65},[47,68602,17938],{"class":61},[47,68604,957],{"class":61},[47,68606,104],{"class":65},[47,68608,69],{"class":61},[47,68610,37525],{"class":65},[47,68612,53127],{"class":61},[47,68614,68615,68617,68619,68621,68623,68625],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68616,167],{"class":166},[47,68618,170],{"class":61},[47,68620,1698],{"class":166},[47,68622,170],{"class":61},[47,68624,424],{"class":173},[47,68626,506],{"class":61},[14,68628,215],{},[37,68630,68631],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,68632,68633],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68634,68635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68636,46500],{"class":65},[14,68638,68639],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68641,51964],{},[37,68643,68645],{"className":39,"code":68644,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[44,68646,68647,68673],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68648,68649,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68650,879],{"class":53},[47,68652,58],{"class":57},[47,68654,957],{"class":61},[47,68656,66],{"class":65},[47,68658,69],{"class":61},[47,68660,957],{"class":61},[47,68662,1931],{"class":65},[47,68664,69],{"class":61},[47,68666,77],{"class":65},[47,68668,17938],{"class":61},[47,68670,2333],{"class":65},[47,68672,1402],{"class":61},[47,68674,68675,68677,68679,68681,68683,68685],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68676,167],{"class":166},[47,68678,170],{"class":61},[47,68680,1698],{"class":166},[47,68682,170],{"class":61},[47,68684,908],{"class":173},[47,68686,506],{"class":61},[14,68688,215],{},[37,68690,68691],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,68692,68693],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68694,68695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68696,46500],{"class":65},[14,68698,20853,68699,68702],{},[44,68700,68701],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[32,68704,4393],{"id":4392},[773,68706,8294,68708,10969,68711],{"id":68707},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[44,68709,68710],{},"my_list.len()",[44,68712,68156],{},[14,68714,68715],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68717,744],{},[37,68719,68721],{"className":39,"code":68720,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[44,68722,68723,68743],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68724,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739,68741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68726,54],{"class":53},[47,68728,58],{"class":57},[47,68730,957],{"class":61},[47,68732,960],{"class":65},[47,68734,69],{"class":61},[47,68736,965],{"class":65},[47,68738,69],{"class":61},[47,68740,7669],{"class":65},[47,68742,1402],{"class":61},[47,68744,68745,68747,68749,68751,68753,68755],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68746,167],{"class":166},[47,68748,170],{"class":61},[47,68750,174],{"class":173},[47,68752,30],{"class":61},[47,68754,1698],{"class":173},[47,68756,7068],{"class":61},[14,68758,724],{},[37,68760,68762],{"className":39,"code":68761,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[44,68763,68764,68784],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68765,68766,68768,68770,68772,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68767,54],{"class":53},[47,68769,58],{"class":57},[47,68771,957],{"class":61},[47,68773,960],{"class":65},[47,68775,69],{"class":61},[47,68777,965],{"class":65},[47,68779,69],{"class":61},[47,68781,7669],{"class":65},[47,68783,1402],{"class":61},[47,68785,68786,68788,68790,68792,68794,68796],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68787,167],{"class":166},[47,68789,170],{"class":61},[47,68791,1698],{"class":166},[47,68793,170],{"class":61},[47,68795,174],{"class":173},[47,68797,506],{"class":61},[14,68799,68800,68802],{},[44,68801,42242],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[773,68804,25564],{"id":25563},[14,68806,744],{},[37,68808,68810],{"className":39,"code":68809,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[44,68811,68812,68832],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68813,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68815,54],{"class":53},[47,68817,58],{"class":57},[47,68819,957],{"class":61},[47,68821,960],{"class":65},[47,68823,69],{"class":61},[47,68825,965],{"class":65},[47,68827,69],{"class":61},[47,68829,7669],{"class":65},[47,68831,1402],{"class":61},[47,68833,68834,68836,68838,68840],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68835,167],{"class":166},[47,68837,170],{"class":61},[47,68839,1698],{"class":166},[47,68841,80],{"class":61},[14,68843,68844],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,68846,724],{},[37,68848,68849],{"className":39,"code":68761,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,68850,68851,68871],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68852,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68854,54],{"class":53},[47,68856,58],{"class":57},[47,68858,957],{"class":61},[47,68860,960],{"class":65},[47,68862,69],{"class":61},[47,68864,965],{"class":65},[47,68866,69],{"class":61},[47,68868,7669],{"class":65},[47,68870,1402],{"class":61},[47,68872,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68874,167],{"class":166},[47,68876,170],{"class":61},[47,68878,1698],{"class":166},[47,68880,170],{"class":61},[47,68882,174],{"class":173},[47,68884,506],{"class":61},[773,68886,68888],{"id":68887},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,68890,68891,68892,68894],{},"The length of a list is ",[575,68893,577],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,68896,2083],{},[37,68898,68900],{"className":39,"code":68899,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[44,68901,68902,68934],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68903,68904,68906,68908,68910,68912,68914,68916,68918,68920,68922,68924,68926,68928,68930,68932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68905,1118],{"class":53},[47,68907,58],{"class":57},[47,68909,957],{"class":61},[47,68911,126],{"class":125},[47,68913,21],{"class":129},[47,68915,126],{"class":125},[47,68917,69],{"class":61},[47,68919,136],{"class":125},[47,68921,139],{"class":129},[47,68923,126],{"class":125},[47,68925,69],{"class":61},[47,68927,136],{"class":125},[47,68929,148],{"class":129},[47,68931,126],{"class":125},[47,68933,1402],{"class":61},[47,68935,68936,68938,68940,68942,68944,68946],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68937,167],{"class":166},[47,68939,170],{"class":61},[47,68941,1698],{"class":166},[47,68943,170],{"class":61},[47,68945,1142],{"class":173},[47,68947,506],{"class":61},[14,68949,215],{},[37,68951,68952],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,68953,68954],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68955,68956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68957,46500],{"class":65},[14,68959,68960,68961,18840,68963,30],{},"But the last index is ",[44,68962,1931],{},[44,68964,1937],{},[14,68966,68967],{},"Indexes are:",[291,68969,68970,68977,68983],{},[294,68971,68972,68974,68975],{},[44,68973,1237],{}," for ",[44,68976,17972],{},[294,68978,68979,68974,68981],{},[44,68980,66],{},[44,68982,65474],{},[294,68984,68985,68974,68987],{},[44,68986,1931],{},[44,68988,66360],{},[14,68990,68991],{},"So this causes an error:",[37,68993,68995],{"className":39,"code":68994,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[44,68996,68997,69029],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,68998,68999,69001,69003,69005,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023,69025,69027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69000,1118],{"class":53},[47,69002,58],{"class":57},[47,69004,957],{"class":61},[47,69006,126],{"class":125},[47,69008,21],{"class":129},[47,69010,126],{"class":125},[47,69012,69],{"class":61},[47,69014,136],{"class":125},[47,69016,139],{"class":129},[47,69018,126],{"class":125},[47,69020,69],{"class":61},[47,69022,136],{"class":125},[47,69024,148],{"class":129},[47,69026,126],{"class":125},[47,69028,1402],{"class":61},[47,69030,69031,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041,69043,69045],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69032,167],{"class":166},[47,69034,170],{"class":61},[47,69036,1142],{"class":173},[47,69038,3773],{"class":61},[47,69040,1698],{"class":166},[47,69042,170],{"class":61},[47,69044,1142],{"class":173},[47,69046,10555],{"class":61},[14,69048,8373,69049,4658,69052,69054,69055,69057],{},[44,69050,69051],{},"len(letters)",[44,69053,1937],{},", and index ",[44,69056,1937],{}," does not exist.",[14,69059,18717],{},[37,69061,69063],{"className":39,"code":69062,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[44,69064,69065,69097],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69066,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091,69093,69095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69068,1118],{"class":53},[47,69070,58],{"class":57},[47,69072,957],{"class":61},[47,69074,126],{"class":125},[47,69076,21],{"class":129},[47,69078,126],{"class":125},[47,69080,69],{"class":61},[47,69082,136],{"class":125},[47,69084,139],{"class":129},[47,69086,126],{"class":125},[47,69088,69],{"class":61},[47,69090,136],{"class":125},[47,69092,148],{"class":129},[47,69094,126],{"class":125},[47,69096,1402],{"class":61},[47,69098,69099,69101,69103,69105,69107,69109,69111,69113,69115,69117,69119],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69100,167],{"class":166},[47,69102,170],{"class":61},[47,69104,1142],{"class":173},[47,69106,3773],{"class":61},[47,69108,1698],{"class":166},[47,69110,170],{"class":61},[47,69112,1142],{"class":173},[47,69114,3533],{"class":61},[47,69116,2098],{"class":57},[47,69118,1242],{"class":65},[47,69120,153],{"class":61},[14,69122,215],{},[37,69124,69126],{"className":39,"code":69125,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"c\n",[44,69127,69128],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69129,69130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69131,69125],{"class":53},[14,69133,69134,69135,30],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[21,69136,69138],{"href":69137},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[773,69140,8294,69142,69144],{"id":69141},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[44,69143,42242],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69146,69147],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69149,69150],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[37,69152,69154],{"className":39,"code":69153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[44,69155,69156,69166,69180,69194],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69157,69158,69160,69162,69164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69159,167],{"class":166},[47,69161,170],{"class":61},[47,69163,8215],{"class":173},[47,69165,80],{"class":61},[47,69167,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69169,167],{"class":166},[47,69171,170],{"class":61},[47,69173,1698],{"class":166},[47,69175,170],{"class":61},[47,69177,8215],{"class":173},[47,69179,506],{"class":61},[47,69181,69182,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69183,167],{"class":166},[47,69185,170],{"class":61},[47,69187,499],{"class":118},[47,69189,170],{"class":61},[47,69191,8215],{"class":173},[47,69193,506],{"class":61},[47,69195,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,69197,167],{"class":166},[47,69199,170],{"class":61},[47,69201,8215],{"class":173},[47,69203,3773],{"class":61},[47,69205,1237],{"class":65},[47,69207,153],{"class":61},[14,69209,69210],{},"These help you verify:",[291,69212,69213,69216,69218,69221],{},[294,69214,69215],{},"what the variable contains",[294,69217,60665],{},[294,69219,69220],{},"whether it is really a list",[294,69222,69223],{},"what the first item is",[14,69225,69226,69227,69230],{},"Be careful with ",[44,69228,69229],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[32,69232,4836,69234,69236],{"id":69233},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[44,69235,42242],{}," with lists",[14,69238,69239,69240,69242],{},"You will often use ",[44,69241,42242],{}," in real programs.",[14,69244,9249],{},[291,69246,69247,69249,69252,69255],{},[294,69248,51654],{},[294,69250,69251],{},"Control loops",[294,69253,69254],{},"Validate input or results",[294,69256,69257],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69259,69260],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[37,69262,69264],{"className":39,"code":69263,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[44,69265,69266,69286,69302,69306,69320,69334],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69267,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69269,2430],{"class":53},[47,69271,58],{"class":57},[47,69273,957],{"class":61},[47,69275,66],{"class":65},[47,69277,69],{"class":61},[47,69279,72],{"class":65},[47,69281,69],{"class":61},[47,69283,77],{"class":65},[47,69285,1402],{"class":61},[47,69287,69288,69290,69292,69294,69296,69298,69300],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69289,2458],{"class":53},[47,69291,58],{"class":57},[47,69293,957],{"class":61},[47,69295,960],{"class":65},[47,69297,69],{"class":61},[47,69299,965],{"class":65},[47,69301,1402],{"class":61},[47,69303,69304],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69305,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,69307,69308,69310,69312,69314,69316,69318],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,69309,167],{"class":166},[47,69311,170],{"class":61},[47,69313,1698],{"class":166},[47,69315,170],{"class":61},[47,69317,21],{"class":173},[47,69319,506],{"class":61},[47,69321,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,69323,167],{"class":166},[47,69325,170],{"class":61},[47,69327,1698],{"class":166},[47,69329,170],{"class":61},[47,69331,139],{"class":173},[47,69333,506],{"class":61},[47,69335,69336,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354,69356],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,69337,167],{"class":166},[47,69339,170],{"class":61},[47,69341,1698],{"class":166},[47,69343,170],{"class":61},[47,69345,21],{"class":173},[47,69347,3533],{"class":61},[47,69349,38276],{"class":57},[47,69351,38267],{"class":166},[47,69353,170],{"class":61},[47,69355,139],{"class":173},[47,69357,506],{"class":61},[14,69359,215],{},[37,69361,69363],{"className":39,"code":69362,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[44,69364,69365,69369,69373],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69366,69367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69368,46500],{"class":65},[47,69370,69371],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69372,16933],{"class":65},[47,69374,69375],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69376,3852],{"class":412},[14,69378,69379],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[37,69381,69383],{"className":39,"code":69382,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[44,69384,69385,69417,69421,69443],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69386,69387,69389,69391,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401,69403,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69388,4870],{"class":53},[47,69390,58],{"class":57},[47,69392,957],{"class":61},[47,69394,126],{"class":125},[47,69396,12760],{"class":129},[47,69398,126],{"class":125},[47,69400,69],{"class":61},[47,69402,136],{"class":125},[47,69404,35823],{"class":129},[47,69406,126],{"class":125},[47,69408,69],{"class":61},[47,69410,136],{"class":125},[47,69412,35832],{"class":129},[47,69414,126],{"class":125},[47,69416,1402],{"class":61},[47,69418,69419],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69420,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,69422,69423,69425,69428,69430,69432,69434,69436,69438,69440],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69424,5832],{"class":3749},[47,69426,69427],{"class":53}," i ",[47,69429,3756],{"class":3749},[47,69431,53955],{"class":166},[47,69433,170],{"class":61},[47,69435,1698],{"class":166},[47,69437,170],{"class":61},[47,69439,4914],{"class":173},[47,69441,69442],{"class":61},")):\n",[47,69444,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453,69456,69458,69460],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,69446,7944],{"class":166},[47,69448,170],{"class":61},[47,69450,36035],{"class":173},[47,69452,69],{"class":61},[47,69454,69455],{"class":173}," names",[47,69457,3773],{"class":61},[47,69459,36035],{"class":173},[47,69461,153],{"class":61},[14,69463,215],{},[37,69465,69466],{"className":39,"code":35881,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,69467,69468,69474,69480],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69469,69470,69472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69471,1237],{"class":65},[47,69473,35890],{"class":53},[47,69475,69476,69478],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69477,66],{"class":65},[47,69479,35897],{"class":53},[47,69481,69482,69484],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69483,1931],{"class":65},[47,69485,35904],{"class":53},[14,69487,69488,69489,30],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[21,69490,69492],{"href":69491},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69494,69495,69496,69498],{},"You can also read ",[21,69497,51431],{"href":51430}," for a task-focused guide.",[32,69500,1708],{"id":1707},[773,69502,69504],{"id":69503},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69506,1967,69507,69510],{},[44,69508,69509],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[773,69512,1744,69514,1747],{"id":69513},"what-does-len-return",[44,69515,69516],{},"len([])",[14,69518,1750,69519,69521],{},[44,69520,1237],{}," because the list is empty.",[773,69523,69525],{"id":69524},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69527,69528],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[773,69530,28206,69532,69534],{"id":69531},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[44,69533,68710],{}," in Python?",[14,69536,30148,69537,8098,69539,69541],{},[44,69538,68156],{},[44,69540,42242],{}," is a built-in function.",[32,69543,1758],{"id":1757},[291,69545,69546,69552,69556,69560,69564],{},[294,69547,69548],{},[21,69549,3448,69550,3381],{"href":42239},[44,69551,42242],{},[294,69553,69554],{},[21,69555,52475],{"href":51430},[294,69557,69558],{},[21,69559,52656],{"href":50863},[294,69561,69562],{},[21,69563,69138],{"href":69137},[294,69565,69566],{},[21,69567,69568],{"href":69491},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1796,69570,69571],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":69573},[69574,69575,69577,69578,69579,69580,69588,69590,69598],{"id":288,"depth":83,"text":289},{"id":68148,"depth":83,"text":69576},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5660,"depth":83,"text":5661},{"id":68417,"depth":83,"text":68418},{"id":68558,"depth":83,"text":68559},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":69581},[69582,69584,69585,69586],{"id":68707,"depth":94,"text":69583},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25563,"depth":94,"text":25564},{"id":68887,"depth":94,"text":68888},{"id":69141,"depth":94,"text":69587},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69233,"depth":83,"text":69589},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":69591},[69592,69593,69595,69596],{"id":69503,"depth":94,"text":69504},{"id":69513,"depth":94,"text":69594},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69524,"depth":94,"text":69525},{"id":69531,"depth":94,"text":69597},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68043,"description":69599},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69605,"title":69606,"body":69607,"description":71589,"extension":1837,"meta":71590,"navigation":159,"path":71591,"seo":71592,"stem":71593,"__hash__":71594},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69608,"toc":71562},[69609,69612,69617,69620,69628,69641,69643,69708,69710,69732,69737,69741,69746,69754,69756,69766,69768,69849,69851,69881,69883,69902,69907,69924,69926,70010,70012,70042,70047,70051,70057,70141,70143,70173,70176,70180,70183,70274,70276,70314,70317,70402,70404,70434,70440,70447,70451,70456,70465,70467,70552,70554,70583,70586,70594,70598,70602,70611,70634,70636,70658,70660,70674,70676,70736,70740,70745,70784,70786,70803,70805,70815,70914,70919,70923,70928,70971,70973,71001,71003,71017,71092,71094,71116,71120,71123,71128,71139,71144,71152,71155,71226,71228,71253,71310,71312,71333,71342,71350,71355,71357,71362,71383,71386,71461,71464,71478,71485,71487,71491,71497,71501,71511,71515,71522,71526,71532,71534,71559],[10,69610,69606],{"id":69611},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69613,69614,69616],{},[44,69615,54967],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69618,69619],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[291,69621,69622,69625],{},[294,69623,69624],{},"delete an item from a list",[294,69626,69627],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69629,69630,69631,69633,69634,8582,69636,69640],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[44,69632,12642],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[44,69635,12642],{},[21,69637,69638],{"href":54957},[44,69639,55414],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[32,69642,35],{"id":34},[37,69644,69646],{"className":39,"code":69645,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,69647,69648,69668,69683,69687,69698],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69649,69650,69652,69654,69656,69658,69660,69662,69664,69666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69651,54],{"class":53},[47,69653,58],{"class":57},[47,69655,957],{"class":61},[47,69657,960],{"class":65},[47,69659,69],{"class":61},[47,69661,965],{"class":65},[47,69663,69],{"class":61},[47,69665,7669],{"class":65},[47,69667,1402],{"class":61},[47,69669,69670,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69671,69672],{"class":53},"last_item ",[47,69674,58],{"class":57},[47,69676,4136],{"class":53},[47,69678,30],{"class":61},[47,69680,26118],{"class":173},[47,69682,241],{"class":61},[47,69684,69685],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69686,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,69688,69689,69691,69693,69696],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,69690,167],{"class":166},[47,69692,170],{"class":61},[47,69694,69695],{"class":173},"last_item",[47,69697,80],{"class":61},[47,69699,69700,69702,69704,69706],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,69701,167],{"class":166},[47,69703,170],{"class":61},[47,69705,174],{"class":173},[47,69707,80],{"class":61},[14,69709,215],{},[37,69711,69713],{"className":39,"code":69712,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[44,69714,69715,69720],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69716,69717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69718,69719],{"class":65},"30\n",[47,69721,69722,69724,69726,69728,69730],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69723,3773],{"class":61},[47,69725,960],{"class":65},[47,69727,69],{"class":61},[47,69729,965],{"class":65},[47,69731,1402],{"class":61},[14,69733,1967,69734,69736],{},[44,69735,12642],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[32,69738,69740],{"id":69739},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69742,69743,69745],{},[44,69744,12642],{}," has two main jobs:",[291,69747,69748,69751],{},[294,69749,69750],{},"It removes one item from a list",[294,69752,69753],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69755,43532],{},[291,69757,69758,69761,69764],{},[294,69759,69760],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[294,69762,69763],{},"It changes the original list",[294,69765,52630],{},[14,69767,2083],{},[37,69769,69771],{"className":39,"code":69770,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[44,69772,69773,69805,69809,69824,69828,69839],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69774,69775,69777,69779,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801,69803],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69776,823],{"class":53},[47,69778,58],{"class":57},[47,69780,957],{"class":61},[47,69782,126],{"class":125},[47,69784,832],{"class":129},[47,69786,126],{"class":125},[47,69788,69],{"class":61},[47,69790,136],{"class":125},[47,69792,841],{"class":129},[47,69794,126],{"class":125},[47,69796,69],{"class":61},[47,69798,136],{"class":125},[47,69800,850],{"class":129},[47,69802,126],{"class":125},[47,69804,1402],{"class":61},[47,69806,69807],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69808,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,69810,69811,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69812,69813],{"class":53},"removed ",[47,69815,58],{"class":57},[47,69817,13001],{"class":53},[47,69819,30],{"class":61},[47,69821,26118],{"class":173},[47,69823,241],{"class":61},[47,69825,69826],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,69827,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,69829,69830,69832,69834,69837],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,69831,167],{"class":166},[47,69833,170],{"class":61},[47,69835,69836],{"class":173},"removed",[47,69838,80],{"class":61},[47,69840,69841,69843,69845,69847],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,69842,167],{"class":166},[47,69844,170],{"class":61},[47,69846,863],{"class":173},[47,69848,80],{"class":61},[14,69850,215],{},[37,69852,69854],{"className":39,"code":69853,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[44,69855,69856,69861],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69857,69858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69859,69860],{"class":53},"blue\n",[47,69862,69863,69865,69867,69869,69871,69873,69875,69877,69879],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69864,3773],{"class":61},[47,69866,256],{"class":125},[47,69868,832],{"class":129},[47,69870,256],{"class":125},[47,69872,69],{"class":61},[47,69874,265],{"class":125},[47,69876,841],{"class":129},[47,69878,256],{"class":125},[47,69880,1402],{"class":61},[32,69882,2032],{"id":2031},[37,69884,69886],{"className":39,"code":69885,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list.pop([index])\n",[44,69887,69888],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69889,69890,69892,69894,69896,69898,69900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69891,7969],{"class":118},[47,69893,30],{"class":61},[47,69895,26118],{"class":173},[47,69897,122],{"class":61},[47,69899,35728],{"class":173},[47,69901,153],{"class":61},[14,69903,1854,69904,69906],{},[44,69905,35728],{}," is optional.",[291,69908,69909,69915,69921],{},[294,69910,69911,69912,69914],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[44,69913,12642],{}," removes the last item",[294,69916,69917,69918,69920],{},"If you give an index, ",[44,69919,12642],{}," removes the item at that position",[294,69922,69923],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,69925,2083],{},[37,69927,69929],{"className":39,"code":69928,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[44,69930,69931,69963,69967,69986,69990,70000],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,69932,69933,69935,69937,69939,69941,69943,69945,69947,69949,69951,69953,69955,69957,69959,69961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69934,1118],{"class":53},[47,69936,58],{"class":57},[47,69938,957],{"class":61},[47,69940,126],{"class":125},[47,69942,21],{"class":129},[47,69944,126],{"class":125},[47,69946,69],{"class":61},[47,69948,136],{"class":125},[47,69950,139],{"class":129},[47,69952,126],{"class":125},[47,69954,69],{"class":61},[47,69956,136],{"class":125},[47,69958,148],{"class":129},[47,69960,126],{"class":125},[47,69962,1402],{"class":61},[47,69964,69965],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69966,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,69968,69969,69971,69973,69976,69978,69980,69982,69984],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69970,1304],{"class":53},[47,69972,58],{"class":57},[47,69974,69975],{"class":53}," letters",[47,69977,30],{"class":61},[47,69979,26118],{"class":173},[47,69981,170],{"class":61},[47,69983,66],{"class":65},[47,69985,80],{"class":61},[47,69987,69988],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,69989,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,69991,69992,69994,69996,69998],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,69993,167],{"class":166},[47,69995,170],{"class":61},[47,69997,1329],{"class":173},[47,69999,80],{"class":61},[47,70001,70002,70004,70006,70008],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,70003,167],{"class":166},[47,70005,170],{"class":61},[47,70007,1142],{"class":173},[47,70009,80],{"class":61},[14,70011,215],{},[37,70013,70015],{"className":39,"code":70014,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[44,70016,70017,70022],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70018,70019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70020,70021],{"class":53},"b\n",[47,70023,70024,70026,70028,70030,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70025,3773],{"class":61},[47,70027,256],{"class":125},[47,70029,21],{"class":129},[47,70031,256],{"class":125},[47,70033,69],{"class":61},[47,70035,265],{"class":125},[47,70037,148],{"class":129},[47,70039,256],{"class":125},[47,70041,1402],{"class":61},[14,70043,70044,70045,30],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[21,70046,52656],{"href":50863},[32,70048,70050],{"id":70049},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70052,70053,70054,70056],{},"When you call ",[44,70055,12642],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[37,70058,70060],{"className":39,"code":70059,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[44,70061,70062,70097,70101,70116,70120,70131],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70063,70064,70066,70068,70070,70072,70075,70077,70079,70081,70084,70086,70088,70090,70093,70095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70065,29775],{"class":53},[47,70067,58],{"class":57},[47,70069,957],{"class":61},[47,70071,126],{"class":125},[47,70073,70074],{"class":129},"write",[47,70076,126],{"class":125},[47,70078,69],{"class":61},[47,70080,136],{"class":125},[47,70082,70083],{"class":129},"test",[47,70085,126],{"class":125},[47,70087,69],{"class":61},[47,70089,136],{"class":125},[47,70091,70092],{"class":129},"submit",[47,70094,126],{"class":125},[47,70096,1402],{"class":61},[47,70098,70099],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70100,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,70102,70103,70106,70108,70110,70112,70114],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70104,70105],{"class":53},"last_task ",[47,70107,58],{"class":57},[47,70109,29853],{"class":53},[47,70111,30],{"class":61},[47,70113,26118],{"class":173},[47,70115,241],{"class":61},[47,70117,70118],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70119,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,70121,70122,70124,70126,70129],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,70123,167],{"class":166},[47,70125,170],{"class":61},[47,70127,70128],{"class":173},"last_task",[47,70130,80],{"class":61},[47,70132,70133,70135,70137,70139],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,70134,167],{"class":166},[47,70136,170],{"class":61},[47,70138,36387],{"class":173},[47,70140,80],{"class":61},[14,70142,215],{},[37,70144,70146],{"className":39,"code":70145,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[44,70147,70148,70153],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70149,70150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70151,70152],{"class":53},"submit\n",[47,70154,70155,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70156,3773],{"class":61},[47,70158,256],{"class":125},[47,70160,70074],{"class":129},[47,70162,256],{"class":125},[47,70164,69],{"class":61},[47,70166,265],{"class":125},[47,70168,70083],{"class":129},[47,70170,256],{"class":125},[47,70172,1402],{"class":61},[14,70174,70175],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[32,70177,70179],{"id":70178},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70181,70182],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[37,70184,70186],{"className":39,"code":70185,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[44,70187,70188,70228,70232,70250,70254,70264],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70189,70190,70192,70194,70196,70198,70200,70202,70204,70206,70208,70210,70212,70214,70216,70218,70220,70222,70224,70226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70191,36120],{"class":53},[47,70193,58],{"class":57},[47,70195,957],{"class":61},[47,70197,126],{"class":125},[47,70199,405],{"class":129},[47,70201,126],{"class":125},[47,70203,69],{"class":61},[47,70205,136],{"class":125},[47,70207,3960],{"class":129},[47,70209,126],{"class":125},[47,70211,69],{"class":61},[47,70213,136],{"class":125},[47,70215,3969],{"class":129},[47,70217,126],{"class":125},[47,70219,69],{"class":61},[47,70221,136],{"class":125},[47,70223,33100],{"class":129},[47,70225,126],{"class":125},[47,70227,1402],{"class":61},[47,70229,70230],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70231,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,70233,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246,70248],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70235,69813],{"class":53},[47,70237,58],{"class":57},[47,70239,52736],{"class":53},[47,70241,30],{"class":61},[47,70243,26118],{"class":173},[47,70245,170],{"class":61},[47,70247,66],{"class":65},[47,70249,80],{"class":61},[47,70251,70252],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70253,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,70255,70256,70258,70260,70262],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,70257,167],{"class":166},[47,70259,170],{"class":61},[47,70261,69836],{"class":173},[47,70263,80],{"class":61},[47,70265,70266,70268,70270,70272],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,70267,167],{"class":166},[47,70269,170],{"class":61},[47,70271,36172],{"class":173},[47,70273,80],{"class":61},[14,70275,215],{},[37,70277,70279],{"className":39,"code":70278,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[44,70280,70281,70286],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70282,70283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70284,70285],{"class":53},"banana\n",[47,70287,70288,70290,70292,70294,70296,70298,70300,70302,70304,70306,70308,70310,70312],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70289,3773],{"class":61},[47,70291,256],{"class":125},[47,70293,405],{"class":129},[47,70295,256],{"class":125},[47,70297,69],{"class":61},[47,70299,265],{"class":125},[47,70301,3969],{"class":129},[47,70303,256],{"class":125},[47,70305,69],{"class":61},[47,70307,265],{"class":125},[47,70309,33100],{"class":129},[47,70311,256],{"class":125},[47,70313,1402],{"class":61},[14,70315,70316],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[37,70318,70320],{"className":39,"code":70319,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[44,70321,70322,70354,70358,70378,70382,70392],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70323,70324,70326,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336,70338,70340,70342,70344,70346,70348,70350,70352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70325,36120],{"class":53},[47,70327,58],{"class":57},[47,70329,957],{"class":61},[47,70331,126],{"class":125},[47,70333,405],{"class":129},[47,70335,126],{"class":125},[47,70337,69],{"class":61},[47,70339,136],{"class":125},[47,70341,3960],{"class":129},[47,70343,126],{"class":125},[47,70345,69],{"class":61},[47,70347,136],{"class":125},[47,70349,3969],{"class":129},[47,70351,126],{"class":125},[47,70353,1402],{"class":61},[47,70355,70356],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70357,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,70359,70360,70362,70364,70366,70368,70370,70372,70374,70376],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70361,69813],{"class":53},[47,70363,58],{"class":57},[47,70365,52736],{"class":53},[47,70367,30],{"class":61},[47,70369,26118],{"class":173},[47,70371,170],{"class":61},[47,70373,1896],{"class":57},[47,70375,66],{"class":65},[47,70377,80],{"class":61},[47,70379,70380],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70381,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,70383,70384,70386,70388,70390],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,70385,167],{"class":166},[47,70387,170],{"class":61},[47,70389,69836],{"class":173},[47,70391,80],{"class":61},[47,70393,70394,70396,70398,70400],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,70395,167],{"class":166},[47,70397,170],{"class":61},[47,70399,36172],{"class":173},[47,70401,80],{"class":61},[14,70403,215],{},[37,70405,70407],{"className":39,"code":70406,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[44,70408,70409,70414],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70410,70411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70412,70413],{"class":53},"cherry\n",[47,70415,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428,70430,70432],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70417,3773],{"class":61},[47,70419,256],{"class":125},[47,70421,405],{"class":129},[47,70423,256],{"class":125},[47,70425,69],{"class":61},[47,70427,265],{"class":125},[47,70429,3960],{"class":129},[47,70431,256],{"class":125},[47,70433,1402],{"class":61},[14,70435,70436,70437,70439],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[44,70438,65733],{}," means the last item.",[14,70441,70442,70443,30],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[21,70444,70445,10617],{"href":58848},[44,70446,64744],{},[32,70448,70450],{"id":70449},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70452,70453,70455],{},[44,70454,12642],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70457,70458,70459,4267,70461,30],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[44,70460,12642],{},[21,70462,70463],{"href":54957},[44,70464,55414],{},[14,70466,2083],{},[37,70468,70470],{"className":39,"code":70469,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[44,70471,70472,70504,70508,70527,70531,70542],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70473,70474,70476,70478,70480,70482,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70475,4870],{"class":53},[47,70477,58],{"class":57},[47,70479,957],{"class":61},[47,70481,126],{"class":125},[47,70483,12760],{"class":129},[47,70485,126],{"class":125},[47,70487,69],{"class":61},[47,70489,136],{"class":125},[47,70491,35823],{"class":129},[47,70493,126],{"class":125},[47,70495,69],{"class":61},[47,70497,136],{"class":125},[47,70499,35832],{"class":129},[47,70501,126],{"class":125},[47,70503,1402],{"class":61},[47,70505,70506],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70507,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,70509,70510,70513,70515,70517,70519,70521,70523,70525],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70511,70512],{"class":53},"removed_name ",[47,70514,58],{"class":57},[47,70516,69455],{"class":53},[47,70518,30],{"class":61},[47,70520,26118],{"class":173},[47,70522,170],{"class":61},[47,70524,1237],{"class":65},[47,70526,80],{"class":61},[47,70528,70529],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70530,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,70532,70533,70535,70537,70540],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,70534,167],{"class":166},[47,70536,170],{"class":61},[47,70538,70539],{"class":173},"removed_name",[47,70541,80],{"class":61},[47,70543,70544,70546,70548,70550],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,70545,167],{"class":166},[47,70547,170],{"class":61},[47,70549,4914],{"class":173},[47,70551,80],{"class":61},[14,70553,215],{},[37,70555,70557],{"className":39,"code":70556,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[44,70558,70559,70563],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70560,70561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70562,49923],{"class":53},[47,70564,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70566,3773],{"class":61},[47,70568,256],{"class":125},[47,70570,35823],{"class":129},[47,70572,256],{"class":125},[47,70574,69],{"class":61},[47,70576,265],{"class":125},[47,70578,35832],{"class":129},[47,70580,256],{"class":125},[47,70582,1402],{"class":61},[14,70584,70585],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70587,70588,70589,70591,70592,30],{},"By comparison, ",[44,70590,55414],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[44,70593,3652],{},[32,70595,70597],{"id":70596},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[773,70599,70601],{"id":70600},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70603,70604,70605,70607,70608,30],{},"If the list is empty, ",[44,70606,12642],{}," raises an ",[44,70609,70610],{},"IndexError",[37,70612,70614],{"className":39,"code":70613,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[44,70615,70616,70624],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70617,70618,70620,70622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70619,7654],{"class":53},[47,70621,58],{"class":57},[47,70623,7713],{"class":61},[47,70625,70626,70628,70630,70632],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70627,7684],{"class":53},[47,70629,30],{"class":61},[47,70631,26118],{"class":173},[47,70633,241],{"class":61},[14,70635,215],{},[37,70637,70639],{"className":39,"code":70638,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[44,70640,70641],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70642,70643,70645,70647,70650,70653,70656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70644,70610],{"class":118},[47,70646,2760],{"class":61},[47,70648,70649],{"class":53}," pop ",[47,70651,70652],{"class":3749},"from",[47,70654,70655],{"class":53}," empty ",[47,70657,49769],{"class":118},[14,70659,39142],{},[291,70661,70662,70667],{},[294,70663,70664,70665],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[44,70666,12642],{},[294,70668,70669,70670,4267,70672],{},"Or handle the error with ",[44,70671,29681],{},[44,70673,29712],{},[14,70675,2083],{},[37,70677,70679],{"className":39,"code":70678,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[44,70680,70681,70689,70693,70701,70715,70721],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70682,70683,70685,70687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70684,7654],{"class":53},[47,70686,58],{"class":57},[47,70688,7713],{"class":61},[47,70690,70691],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70692,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,70694,70695,70697,70699],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70696,6871],{"class":3749},[47,70698,5840],{"class":53},[47,70700,6268],{"class":61},[47,70702,70703,70705,70707,70709,70711,70713],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70704,7944],{"class":166},[47,70706,170],{"class":61},[47,70708,7684],{"class":173},[47,70710,30],{"class":61},[47,70712,26118],{"class":173},[47,70714,7068],{"class":61},[47,70716,70717,70719],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,70718,27311],{"class":3749},[47,70720,6268],{"class":61},[47,70722,70723,70725,70727,70729,70732,70734],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,70724,7944],{"class":166},[47,70726,170],{"class":61},[47,70728,126],{"class":125},[47,70730,70731],{"class":129},"The list is empty.",[47,70733,126],{"class":125},[47,70735,80],{"class":61},[773,70737,70739],{"id":70738},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70741,70742,70743,30],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[44,70744,70610],{},[37,70746,70748],{"className":39,"code":70747,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[44,70749,70750,70770],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70751,70752,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70753,54],{"class":53},[47,70755,58],{"class":57},[47,70757,957],{"class":61},[47,70759,960],{"class":65},[47,70761,69],{"class":61},[47,70763,965],{"class":65},[47,70765,69],{"class":61},[47,70767,7669],{"class":65},[47,70769,1402],{"class":61},[47,70771,70772,70774,70776,70778,70780,70782],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70773,174],{"class":53},[47,70775,30],{"class":61},[47,70777,26118],{"class":173},[47,70779,170],{"class":61},[47,70781,104],{"class":65},[47,70783,80],{"class":61},[14,70785,215],{},[37,70787,70789],{"className":39,"code":70788,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[44,70790,70791],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70792,70793,70795,70797,70800],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70794,70610],{"class":118},[47,70796,2760],{"class":61},[47,70798,70799],{"class":53}," pop index out of ",[47,70801,70802],{"class":166},"range\n",[14,70804,39142],{},[291,70806,70807,70812],{},[294,70808,70809,70810],{},"Check the list length with ",[44,70811,42242],{},[294,70813,70814],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[37,70816,70818],{"className":39,"code":70817,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[44,70819,70820,70840,70849,70853,70875,70893,70899],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70821,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836,70838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70823,54],{"class":53},[47,70825,58],{"class":57},[47,70827,957],{"class":61},[47,70829,960],{"class":65},[47,70831,69],{"class":61},[47,70833,965],{"class":65},[47,70835,69],{"class":61},[47,70837,7669],{"class":65},[47,70839,1402],{"class":61},[47,70841,70842,70845,70847],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70843,70844],{"class":53},"index ",[47,70846,58],{"class":57},[47,70848,45472],{"class":65},[47,70850,70851],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70852,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,70854,70855,70857,70859,70862,70865,70867,70869,70871,70873],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70856,6871],{"class":3749},[47,70858,3706],{"class":65},[47,70860,70861],{"class":57}," \u003C=",[47,70863,70864],{"class":53}," index ",[47,70866,522],{"class":57},[47,70868,38267],{"class":166},[47,70870,170],{"class":61},[47,70872,174],{"class":173},[47,70874,8218],{"class":61},[47,70876,70877,70879,70881,70883,70885,70887,70889,70891],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,70878,7944],{"class":166},[47,70880,170],{"class":61},[47,70882,174],{"class":173},[47,70884,30],{"class":61},[47,70886,26118],{"class":173},[47,70888,170],{"class":61},[47,70890,35728],{"class":173},[47,70892,506],{"class":61},[47,70894,70895,70897],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,70896,27311],{"class":3749},[47,70898,6268],{"class":61},[47,70900,70901,70903,70905,70907,70910,70912],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,70902,7944],{"class":166},[47,70904,170],{"class":61},[47,70906,126],{"class":125},[47,70908,70909],{"class":129},"Index is out of range.",[47,70911,126],{"class":125},[47,70913,80],{"class":61},[14,70915,70916,70917,30],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[21,70918,69138],{"href":69137},[773,70920,70922],{"id":70921},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,70924,70925,70927],{},[44,70926,12642],{}," expects an integer index.",[37,70929,70931],{"className":39,"code":70930,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[44,70932,70933,70953],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70934,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945,70947,70949,70951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70936,54],{"class":53},[47,70938,58],{"class":57},[47,70940,957],{"class":61},[47,70942,960],{"class":65},[47,70944,69],{"class":61},[47,70946,965],{"class":65},[47,70948,69],{"class":61},[47,70950,7669],{"class":65},[47,70952,1402],{"class":61},[47,70954,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70956,174],{"class":53},[47,70958,30],{"class":61},[47,70960,26118],{"class":173},[47,70962,170],{"class":61},[47,70964,126],{"class":125},[47,70966,66],{"class":129},[47,70968,126],{"class":125},[47,70970,80],{"class":61},[14,70972,215],{},[37,70974,70976],{"className":39,"code":70975,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[44,70977,70978],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,70979,70980,70982,70984,70986,70988,70990,70992,70995,70998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70981,2879],{"class":118},[47,70983,2760],{"class":61},[47,70985,265],{"class":125},[47,70987,3315],{"class":129},[47,70989,256],{"class":125},[47,70991,24493],{"class":118},[47,70993,70994],{"class":53}," cannot be interpreted ",[47,70996,70997],{"class":3749},"as",[47,70999,71000],{"class":53}," an integer\n",[14,71002,39142],{},[291,71004,71005,71014],{},[294,71006,71007,71008,2064,71010,2068,71012],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[44,71009,1237],{},[44,71011,66],{},[44,71013,65733],{},[294,71015,71016],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[37,71018,71020],{"className":39,"code":71019,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,71021,71022,71042,71060,71064,71082],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71023,71024,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71025,54],{"class":53},[47,71027,58],{"class":57},[47,71029,957],{"class":61},[47,71031,960],{"class":65},[47,71033,69],{"class":61},[47,71035,965],{"class":65},[47,71037,69],{"class":61},[47,71039,7669],{"class":65},[47,71041,1402],{"class":61},[47,71043,71044,71046,71048,71050,71052,71054,71056,71058],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71045,70844],{"class":53},[47,71047,58],{"class":57},[47,71049,45159],{"class":118},[47,71051,170],{"class":61},[47,71053,126],{"class":125},[47,71055,66],{"class":129},[47,71057,126],{"class":125},[47,71059,80],{"class":61},[47,71061,71062],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71063,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,71065,71066,71068,71070,71072,71074,71076,71078,71080],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,71067,167],{"class":166},[47,71069,170],{"class":61},[47,71071,174],{"class":173},[47,71073,30],{"class":61},[47,71075,26118],{"class":173},[47,71077,170],{"class":61},[47,71079,35728],{"class":173},[47,71081,506],{"class":61},[47,71083,71084,71086,71088,71090],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,71085,167],{"class":166},[47,71087,170],{"class":61},[47,71089,174],{"class":173},[47,71091,80],{"class":61},[14,71093,215],{},[37,71095,71097],{"className":39,"code":71096,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[44,71098,71099,71104],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71100,71101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71102,71103],{"class":65},"20\n",[47,71105,71106,71108,71110,71112,71114],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71107,3773],{"class":61},[47,71109,960],{"class":65},[47,71111,69],{"class":61},[47,71113,7669],{"class":65},[47,71115,1402],{"class":61},[32,71117,71119],{"id":71118},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71121,71122],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[773,71124,1967,71126,10477],{"id":71125},"use-pop-when",[44,71127,12642],{},[291,71129,71130,71133,71136],{},[294,71131,71132],{},"you want to remove by index",[294,71134,71135],{},"you want the removed item returned",[294,71137,71138],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[773,71140,1967,71142,10477],{"id":71141},"use-remove-when",[44,71143,55414],{},[291,71145,71146,71149],{},[294,71147,71148],{},"you want to remove by value",[294,71150,71151],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71153,71154],{},"Compare these examples:",[37,71156,71158],{"className":39,"code":71157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,71159,71160,71184,71188,71206,71216],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71161,71162,71164,71166,71168,71170,71172,71174,71176,71178,71180,71182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71163,54],{"class":53},[47,71165,58],{"class":57},[47,71167,957],{"class":61},[47,71169,960],{"class":65},[47,71171,69],{"class":61},[47,71173,965],{"class":65},[47,71175,69],{"class":61},[47,71177,7669],{"class":65},[47,71179,69],{"class":61},[47,71181,965],{"class":65},[47,71183,1402],{"class":61},[47,71185,71186],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71187,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,71189,71190,71192,71194,71196,71198,71200,71202,71204],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71191,69813],{"class":53},[47,71193,58],{"class":57},[47,71195,4136],{"class":53},[47,71197,30],{"class":61},[47,71199,26118],{"class":173},[47,71201,170],{"class":61},[47,71203,66],{"class":65},[47,71205,80],{"class":61},[47,71207,71208,71210,71212,71214],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,71209,167],{"class":166},[47,71211,170],{"class":61},[47,71213,69836],{"class":173},[47,71215,80],{"class":61},[47,71217,71218,71220,71222,71224],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,71219,167],{"class":166},[47,71221,170],{"class":61},[47,71223,174],{"class":173},[47,71225,80],{"class":61},[14,71227,215],{},[37,71229,71231],{"className":39,"code":71230,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[44,71232,71233,71237],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71234,71235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71236,71103],{"class":65},[47,71238,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249,71251],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71240,3773],{"class":61},[47,71242,960],{"class":65},[47,71244,69],{"class":61},[47,71246,7669],{"class":65},[47,71248,69],{"class":61},[47,71250,965],{"class":65},[47,71252,1402],{"class":61},[37,71254,71256],{"className":39,"code":71255,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,71257,71258,71282,71286,71300],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71259,71260,71262,71264,71266,71268,71270,71272,71274,71276,71278,71280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71261,54],{"class":53},[47,71263,58],{"class":57},[47,71265,957],{"class":61},[47,71267,960],{"class":65},[47,71269,69],{"class":61},[47,71271,965],{"class":65},[47,71273,69],{"class":61},[47,71275,7669],{"class":65},[47,71277,69],{"class":61},[47,71279,965],{"class":65},[47,71281,1402],{"class":61},[47,71283,71284],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71285,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,71287,71288,71290,71292,71294,71296,71298],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71289,174],{"class":53},[47,71291,30],{"class":61},[47,71293,34675],{"class":173},[47,71295,170],{"class":61},[47,71297,15632],{"class":65},[47,71299,80],{"class":61},[47,71301,71302,71304,71306,71308],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,71303,167],{"class":166},[47,71305,170],{"class":61},[47,71307,174],{"class":173},[47,71309,80],{"class":61},[14,71311,215],{},[37,71313,71315],{"className":39,"code":71314,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[44,71316,71317],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71318,71319,71321,71323,71325,71327,71329,71331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71320,3773],{"class":61},[47,71322,960],{"class":65},[47,71324,69],{"class":61},[47,71326,7669],{"class":65},[47,71328,69],{"class":61},[47,71330,965],{"class":65},[47,71332,1402],{"class":61},[14,71334,71335,71336,71339,71340,30],{},"In the first example, ",[44,71337,71338],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[44,71341,66],{},[14,71343,56488,71344,71347,71348,30],{},[44,71345,71346],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[44,71349,15632],{},[14,71351,71352,71353,30],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[21,71354,54953],{"href":54952},[32,71356,1284],{"id":1283},[14,71358,71359,71360,2760],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[44,71361,12642],{},[291,71363,71364,71367,71370,71376,71380],{},[294,71365,71366],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[294,71368,71369],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[294,71371,1502,71372,8582,71374],{},[44,71373,12642],{},[44,71375,55414],{},[294,71377,8330,71378,61853],{},[44,71379,12642],{},[294,71381,71382],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71384,71385],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[37,71387,71389],{"className":39,"code":71388,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[44,71390,71391,71401,71415,71429,71447],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71392,71393,71395,71397,71399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71394,167],{"class":166},[47,71396,170],{"class":61},[47,71398,8215],{"class":173},[47,71400,80],{"class":61},[47,71402,71403,71405,71407,71409,71411,71413],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71404,167],{"class":166},[47,71406,170],{"class":61},[47,71408,1698],{"class":166},[47,71410,170],{"class":61},[47,71412,8215],{"class":173},[47,71414,506],{"class":61},[47,71416,71417,71419,71421,71423,71425,71427],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71418,167],{"class":166},[47,71420,170],{"class":61},[47,71422,8215],{"class":173},[47,71424,30],{"class":61},[47,71426,26118],{"class":173},[47,71428,7068],{"class":61},[47,71430,71431,71433,71435,71437,71439,71441,71443,71445],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,71432,167],{"class":166},[47,71434,170],{"class":61},[47,71436,8215],{"class":173},[47,71438,30],{"class":61},[47,71440,26118],{"class":173},[47,71442,170],{"class":61},[47,71444,1237],{"class":65},[47,71446,506],{"class":61},[47,71448,71449,71451,71453,71455,71457,71459],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,71450,167],{"class":166},[47,71452,170],{"class":61},[47,71454,499],{"class":118},[47,71456,170],{"class":61},[47,71458,35728],{"class":173},[47,71460,506],{"class":61},[14,71462,71463],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[291,71465,71466,71472],{},[294,71467,71468,71471],{},[44,71469,71470],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[294,71473,71474,71477],{},[44,71475,71476],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71479,71480,71481,71484],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[44,71482,71483],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[32,71486,1708],{"id":1707},[773,71488,71490],{"id":71489},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71492,71493,71494,71496],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[44,71495,12642],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[773,71498,71500],{"id":71499},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71502,71503,71505,71506,71508,71509,30],{},[44,71504,12642],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[44,71507,55414],{}," removes by value and returns ",[44,71510,3652],{},[773,71512,71514],{"id":71513},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71516,71517,71518,71521],{},"Yes. For example, ",[44,71519,71520],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[773,71523,71525],{"id":71524},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71527,71528,71529,71531],{},"Python raises ",[44,71530,70610],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[32,71533,1758],{"id":1757},[291,71535,71536,71540,71545,71550,71555],{},[294,71537,71538],{},[21,71539,55400],{"href":54952},[294,71541,71542],{},[21,71543,71544],{"href":54957},"Python list remove() method",[294,71546,71547],{},[21,71548,71549],{"href":58848},"Python list index() method",[294,71551,71552],{},[21,71553,71554],{"href":50863},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[294,71556,71557],{},[21,71558,69138],{"href":69137},[1796,71560,71561],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":71563},[71564,71565,71566,71567,71568,71569,71570,71575,71581,71582,71588],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":69739,"depth":83,"text":69740},{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":70049,"depth":83,"text":70050},{"id":70178,"depth":83,"text":70179},{"id":70449,"depth":83,"text":70450},{"id":70596,"depth":83,"text":70597,"children":71571},[71572,71573,71574],{"id":70600,"depth":94,"text":70601},{"id":70738,"depth":94,"text":70739},{"id":70921,"depth":94,"text":70922},{"id":71118,"depth":83,"text":71119,"children":71576},[71577,71579],{"id":71125,"depth":94,"text":71578},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71141,"depth":94,"text":71580},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":71583},[71584,71585,71586,71587],{"id":71489,"depth":94,"text":71490},{"id":71499,"depth":94,"text":71500},{"id":71513,"depth":94,"text":71514},{"id":71524,"depth":94,"text":71525},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69606,"description":71589},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71596,"title":71597,"body":71598,"description":73384,"extension":1837,"meta":73385,"navigation":159,"path":73386,"seo":73387,"stem":73388,"__hash__":73389},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71599,"toc":73366},[71600,71603,71608,71614,71616,71686,71692,71696,71701,71722,71725,71792,71794,71815,71823,71825,71844,71860,71862,71927,71929,71954,71956,71958,72023,72025,72050,72052,72066,72069,72122,72124,72145,72149,72157,72230,72232,72265,72271,72277,72368,72370,72395,72401,72490,72492,72516,72518,72522,72577,72579,72611,72614,72617,72711,72713,72746,72752,72758,72762,72769,72795,72799,72864,72866,72891,72895,72976,72978,73007,73012,73017,73023,73027,73034,73056,73060,73119,73121,73145,73154,73159,73161,73165,73194,73196,73271,73274,73288,73294,73296,73300,73303,73307,73312,73316,73325,73329,73337,73339,73363],[10,71601,71597],{"id":71602},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71604,1854,71605,71607],{},[44,71606,54960],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71609,71610,71611,71613],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[575,71612,605],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[32,71615,35],{"id":34},[37,71617,71619],{"className":39,"code":71618,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[44,71620,71621,71653,71671,71681],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71622,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635,71637,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649,71651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71624,7654],{"class":53},[47,71626,58],{"class":57},[47,71628,957],{"class":61},[47,71630,126],{"class":125},[47,71632,405],{"class":129},[47,71634,126],{"class":125},[47,71636,69],{"class":61},[47,71638,136],{"class":125},[47,71640,3960],{"class":129},[47,71642,126],{"class":125},[47,71644,69],{"class":61},[47,71646,136],{"class":125},[47,71648,33100],{"class":129},[47,71650,126],{"class":125},[47,71652,1402],{"class":61},[47,71654,71655,71657,71659,71661,71663,71665,71667,71669],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71656,7684],{"class":53},[47,71658,30],{"class":61},[47,71660,34675],{"class":173},[47,71662,170],{"class":61},[47,71664,126],{"class":125},[47,71666,3960],{"class":129},[47,71668,126],{"class":125},[47,71670,80],{"class":61},[47,71672,71673,71675,71677,71679],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71674,167],{"class":166},[47,71676,170],{"class":61},[47,71678,7684],{"class":173},[47,71680,80],{"class":61},[47,71682,71683],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,71684,71685],{"class":1494},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71687,1967,71688,71691],{},[44,71689,71690],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[32,71693,71695],{"id":71694},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71697,71698,71700],{},[44,71699,55414],{}," is a list method that:",[291,71702,71703,71709,71714,71719],{},[294,71704,71705,71706,71708],{},"Deletes the ",[575,71707,29786],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[294,71710,71711,71712],{},"Changes the original list ",[575,71713,11211],{},[294,71715,12584,71716,71718],{},[575,71717,577],{}," return a new list",[294,71720,71721],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71723,71724],{},"This is important for beginners:",[37,71726,71728],{"className":39,"code":71727,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[44,71729,71730,71750,71768,71772,71782],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71731,71732,71734,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71733,54],{"class":53},[47,71735,58],{"class":57},[47,71737,957],{"class":61},[47,71739,66],{"class":65},[47,71741,69],{"class":61},[47,71743,72],{"class":65},[47,71745,69],{"class":61},[47,71747,77],{"class":65},[47,71749,1402],{"class":61},[47,71751,71752,71754,71756,71758,71760,71762,71764,71766],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71753,2106],{"class":53},[47,71755,58],{"class":57},[47,71757,4136],{"class":53},[47,71759,30],{"class":61},[47,71761,34675],{"class":173},[47,71763,170],{"class":61},[47,71765,1931],{"class":65},[47,71767,80],{"class":61},[47,71769,71770],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71771,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,71773,71774,71776,71778,71780],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,71775,167],{"class":166},[47,71777,170],{"class":61},[47,71779,174],{"class":173},[47,71781,80],{"class":61},[47,71783,71784,71786,71788,71790],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,71785,167],{"class":166},[47,71787,170],{"class":61},[47,71789,2141],{"class":173},[47,71791,80],{"class":61},[14,71793,215],{},[37,71795,71797],{"className":39,"code":71796,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[44,71798,71799,71811],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71800,71801,71803,71805,71807,71809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71802,3773],{"class":61},[47,71804,66],{"class":65},[47,71806,69],{"class":61},[47,71808,77],{"class":65},[47,71810,1402],{"class":61},[47,71812,71813],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71814,11687],{"class":412},[14,71816,71817,71818,71820,71821,30],{},"The list changed, but ",[44,71819,55414],{}," itself returned ",[44,71822,3652],{},[32,71824,5305],{"id":5304},[37,71826,71828],{"className":39,"code":71827,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list.remove(value)\n",[44,71829,71830],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71831,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71833,7969],{"class":118},[47,71835,30],{"class":61},[47,71837,34675],{"class":173},[47,71839,170],{"class":61},[47,71841,605],{"class":173},[47,71843,80],{"class":61},[291,71845,71846,71851,71854],{},[294,71847,71848,71850],{},[44,71849,605],{}," is the item you want to delete",[294,71852,71853],{},"Python searches from left to right",[294,71855,71856,71857,71859],{},"Only the ",[575,71858,29786],{}," matching value is removed",[14,71861,2083],{},[37,71863,71865],{"className":39,"code":71864,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[44,71866,71867,71899,71917],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71868,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71870,1118],{"class":53},[47,71872,58],{"class":57},[47,71874,957],{"class":61},[47,71876,126],{"class":125},[47,71878,21],{"class":129},[47,71880,126],{"class":125},[47,71882,69],{"class":61},[47,71884,136],{"class":125},[47,71886,139],{"class":129},[47,71888,126],{"class":125},[47,71890,69],{"class":61},[47,71892,136],{"class":125},[47,71894,148],{"class":129},[47,71896,126],{"class":125},[47,71898,1402],{"class":61},[47,71900,71901,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71902,1142],{"class":53},[47,71904,30],{"class":61},[47,71906,34675],{"class":173},[47,71908,170],{"class":61},[47,71910,126],{"class":125},[47,71912,139],{"class":129},[47,71914,126],{"class":125},[47,71916,80],{"class":61},[47,71918,71919,71921,71923,71925],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71920,167],{"class":166},[47,71922,170],{"class":61},[47,71924,1142],{"class":173},[47,71926,80],{"class":61},[14,71928,215],{},[37,71930,71932],{"className":39,"code":71931,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['a', 'c']\n",[44,71933,71934],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71935,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71937,3773],{"class":61},[47,71939,256],{"class":125},[47,71941,21],{"class":129},[47,71943,256],{"class":125},[47,71945,69],{"class":61},[47,71947,265],{"class":125},[47,71949,148],{"class":129},[47,71951,256],{"class":125},[47,71953,1402],{"class":61},[32,71955,5661],{"id":5660},[14,71957,65053],{},[37,71959,71961],{"className":39,"code":71960,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[44,71962,71963,71995,72013],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,71964,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71966,823],{"class":53},[47,71968,58],{"class":57},[47,71970,957],{"class":61},[47,71972,126],{"class":125},[47,71974,832],{"class":129},[47,71976,126],{"class":125},[47,71978,69],{"class":61},[47,71980,136],{"class":125},[47,71982,850],{"class":129},[47,71984,126],{"class":125},[47,71986,69],{"class":61},[47,71988,136],{"class":125},[47,71990,841],{"class":129},[47,71992,126],{"class":125},[47,71994,1402],{"class":61},[47,71996,71997,71999,72001,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71998,863],{"class":53},[47,72000,30],{"class":61},[47,72002,34675],{"class":173},[47,72004,170],{"class":61},[47,72006,126],{"class":125},[47,72008,850],{"class":129},[47,72010,126],{"class":125},[47,72012,80],{"class":61},[47,72014,72015,72017,72019,72021],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72016,167],{"class":166},[47,72018,170],{"class":61},[47,72020,863],{"class":173},[47,72022,80],{"class":61},[14,72024,215],{},[37,72026,72028],{"className":39,"code":72027,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['red', 'green']\n",[44,72029,72030],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72031,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72033,3773],{"class":61},[47,72035,256],{"class":125},[47,72037,832],{"class":129},[47,72039,256],{"class":125},[47,72041,69],{"class":61},[47,72043,265],{"class":125},[47,72045,841],{"class":129},[47,72047,256],{"class":125},[47,72049,1402],{"class":61},[14,72051,11562],{},[291,72053,72054,72057,72063],{},[294,72055,72056],{},"A list is created with three values",[294,72058,72059,72062],{},[44,72060,72061],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[294,72064,72065],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72067,72068],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[37,72070,72072],{"className":39,"code":72071,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[44,72073,72074,72098,72112],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72075,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72077,4939],{"class":53},[47,72079,58],{"class":57},[47,72081,957],{"class":61},[47,72083,960],{"class":65},[47,72085,69],{"class":61},[47,72087,965],{"class":65},[47,72089,69],{"class":61},[47,72091,7669],{"class":65},[47,72093,69],{"class":61},[47,72095,50727],{"class":65},[47,72097,1402],{"class":61},[47,72099,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72101,16267],{"class":53},[47,72103,30],{"class":61},[47,72105,34675],{"class":173},[47,72107,170],{"class":61},[47,72109,36723],{"class":65},[47,72111,80],{"class":61},[47,72113,72114,72116,72118,72120],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72115,167],{"class":166},[47,72117,170],{"class":61},[47,72119,16267],{"class":173},[47,72121,80],{"class":61},[14,72123,215],{},[37,72125,72127],{"className":39,"code":72126,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[44,72128,72129],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72130,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72132,3773],{"class":61},[47,72134,960],{"class":65},[47,72136,69],{"class":61},[47,72138,965],{"class":65},[47,72140,69],{"class":61},[47,72142,50727],{"class":65},[47,72144,1402],{"class":61},[32,72146,72148],{"id":72147},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72150,65043,72151,72153,72154,72156],{},[44,72152,55414],{}," deletes only the ",[575,72155,29786],{}," one.",[37,72158,72160],{"className":39,"code":72159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[44,72161,72162,72202,72220],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72163,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72165,7654],{"class":53},[47,72167,58],{"class":57},[47,72169,957],{"class":61},[47,72171,126],{"class":125},[47,72173,405],{"class":129},[47,72175,126],{"class":125},[47,72177,69],{"class":61},[47,72179,136],{"class":125},[47,72181,3960],{"class":129},[47,72183,126],{"class":125},[47,72185,69],{"class":61},[47,72187,136],{"class":125},[47,72189,405],{"class":129},[47,72191,126],{"class":125},[47,72193,69],{"class":61},[47,72195,136],{"class":125},[47,72197,33100],{"class":129},[47,72199,126],{"class":125},[47,72201,1402],{"class":61},[47,72203,72204,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72205,7684],{"class":53},[47,72207,30],{"class":61},[47,72209,34675],{"class":173},[47,72211,170],{"class":61},[47,72213,126],{"class":125},[47,72215,405],{"class":129},[47,72217,126],{"class":125},[47,72219,80],{"class":61},[47,72221,72222,72224,72226,72228],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72223,167],{"class":166},[47,72225,170],{"class":61},[47,72227,7684],{"class":173},[47,72229,80],{"class":61},[14,72231,215],{},[37,72233,72235],{"className":39,"code":72234,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[44,72236,72237],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72238,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72240,3773],{"class":61},[47,72242,256],{"class":125},[47,72244,3960],{"class":129},[47,72246,256],{"class":125},[47,72248,69],{"class":61},[47,72250,265],{"class":125},[47,72252,405],{"class":129},[47,72254,256],{"class":125},[47,72256,69],{"class":61},[47,72258,265],{"class":125},[47,72260,33100],{"class":129},[47,72262,256],{"class":125},[47,72264,1402],{"class":61},[14,72266,72267,72268,72270],{},"Only the first ",[44,72269,57716],{}," was removed.",[14,72272,72273,72274,72276],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[44,72275,55414],{}," again:",[37,72278,72280],{"className":39,"code":72279,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[44,72281,72282,72322,72340,72358],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72283,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72285,7654],{"class":53},[47,72287,58],{"class":57},[47,72289,957],{"class":61},[47,72291,126],{"class":125},[47,72293,405],{"class":129},[47,72295,126],{"class":125},[47,72297,69],{"class":61},[47,72299,136],{"class":125},[47,72301,3960],{"class":129},[47,72303,126],{"class":125},[47,72305,69],{"class":61},[47,72307,136],{"class":125},[47,72309,405],{"class":129},[47,72311,126],{"class":125},[47,72313,69],{"class":61},[47,72315,136],{"class":125},[47,72317,33100],{"class":129},[47,72319,126],{"class":125},[47,72321,1402],{"class":61},[47,72323,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72325,7684],{"class":53},[47,72327,30],{"class":61},[47,72329,34675],{"class":173},[47,72331,170],{"class":61},[47,72333,126],{"class":125},[47,72335,405],{"class":129},[47,72337,126],{"class":125},[47,72339,80],{"class":61},[47,72341,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72343,7684],{"class":53},[47,72345,30],{"class":61},[47,72347,34675],{"class":173},[47,72349,170],{"class":61},[47,72351,126],{"class":125},[47,72353,405],{"class":129},[47,72355,126],{"class":125},[47,72357,80],{"class":61},[47,72359,72360,72362,72364,72366],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,72361,167],{"class":166},[47,72363,170],{"class":61},[47,72365,7684],{"class":173},[47,72367,80],{"class":61},[14,72369,215],{},[37,72371,72373],{"className":39,"code":72372,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[44,72374,72375],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72376,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72378,3773],{"class":61},[47,72380,256],{"class":125},[47,72382,3960],{"class":129},[47,72384,256],{"class":125},[47,72386,69],{"class":61},[47,72388,265],{"class":125},[47,72390,33100],{"class":129},[47,72392,256],{"class":125},[47,72394,1402],{"class":61},[14,72396,72397,72398,72400],{},"If you need to remove ",[575,72399,3589],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[37,72402,72404],{"className":39,"code":72403,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[44,72405,72406,72446,72480],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72407,72408,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72409,7654],{"class":53},[47,72411,58],{"class":57},[47,72413,957],{"class":61},[47,72415,126],{"class":125},[47,72417,405],{"class":129},[47,72419,126],{"class":125},[47,72421,69],{"class":61},[47,72423,136],{"class":125},[47,72425,3960],{"class":129},[47,72427,126],{"class":125},[47,72429,69],{"class":61},[47,72431,136],{"class":125},[47,72433,405],{"class":129},[47,72435,126],{"class":125},[47,72437,69],{"class":61},[47,72439,136],{"class":125},[47,72441,33100],{"class":129},[47,72443,126],{"class":125},[47,72445,1402],{"class":61},[47,72447,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460,72462,72465,72467,72469,72472,72474,72476,72478],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72449,7654],{"class":53},[47,72451,58],{"class":57},[47,72453,957],{"class":61},[47,72455,1304],{"class":53},[47,72457,5832],{"class":3749},[47,72459,5835],{"class":53},[47,72461,3756],{"class":3749},[47,72463,72464],{"class":53}," items ",[47,72466,6871],{"class":3749},[47,72468,5835],{"class":53},[47,72470,72471],{"class":57},"!=",[47,72473,136],{"class":125},[47,72475,405],{"class":129},[47,72477,126],{"class":125},[47,72479,1402],{"class":61},[47,72481,72482,72484,72486,72488],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72483,167],{"class":166},[47,72485,170],{"class":61},[47,72487,7684],{"class":173},[47,72489,80],{"class":61},[14,72491,215],{},[37,72493,72494],{"className":39,"code":72372,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,72495,72496],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72497,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72499,3773],{"class":61},[47,72501,256],{"class":125},[47,72503,3960],{"class":129},[47,72505,256],{"class":125},[47,72507,69],{"class":61},[47,72509,265],{"class":125},[47,72511,33100],{"class":129},[47,72513,256],{"class":125},[47,72515,1402],{"class":61},[32,72517,65509],{"id":65508},[14,72519,65512,72520,30],{},[44,72521,40585],{},[37,72523,72525],{"className":39,"code":72524,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[44,72526,72527,72559],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72528,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72530,7654],{"class":53},[47,72532,58],{"class":57},[47,72534,957],{"class":61},[47,72536,126],{"class":125},[47,72538,405],{"class":129},[47,72540,126],{"class":125},[47,72542,69],{"class":61},[47,72544,136],{"class":125},[47,72546,3960],{"class":129},[47,72548,126],{"class":125},[47,72550,69],{"class":61},[47,72552,136],{"class":125},[47,72554,33100],{"class":129},[47,72556,126],{"class":125},[47,72558,1402],{"class":61},[47,72560,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72562,7684],{"class":53},[47,72564,30],{"class":61},[47,72566,34675],{"class":173},[47,72568,170],{"class":61},[47,72570,126],{"class":125},[47,72572,22409],{"class":129},[47,72574,126],{"class":125},[47,72576,80],{"class":61},[14,72578,215],{},[37,72580,72582],{"className":39,"code":72581,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[44,72583,72584],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72585,72586,72588,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598,72600,72602,72604,72606,72608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72587,40585],{"class":118},[47,72589,2760],{"class":61},[47,72591,22436],{"class":118},[47,72593,30],{"class":61},[47,72595,34675],{"class":173},[47,72597,170],{"class":61},[47,72599,2049],{"class":173},[47,72601,16330],{"class":61},[47,72603,3753],{"class":53},[47,72605,577],{"class":57},[47,72607,21049],{"class":57},[47,72609,72610],{"class":118}," list\n",[14,72612,72613],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72615,72616],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[37,72618,72620],{"className":39,"code":72619,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[44,72621,72622,72654,72666,72670,72682,72697,72701],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72623,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72625,7654],{"class":53},[47,72627,58],{"class":57},[47,72629,957],{"class":61},[47,72631,126],{"class":125},[47,72633,405],{"class":129},[47,72635,126],{"class":125},[47,72637,69],{"class":61},[47,72639,136],{"class":125},[47,72641,3960],{"class":129},[47,72643,126],{"class":125},[47,72645,69],{"class":61},[47,72647,136],{"class":125},[47,72649,33100],{"class":129},[47,72651,126],{"class":125},[47,72653,1402],{"class":61},[47,72655,72656,72658,72660,72662,72664],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72657,588],{"class":53},[47,72659,58],{"class":57},[47,72661,136],{"class":125},[47,72663,22409],{"class":129},[47,72665,3230],{"class":125},[47,72667,72668],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72669,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,72671,72672,72674,72676,72678,72680],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,72673,6871],{"class":3749},[47,72675,21460],{"class":53},[47,72677,3756],{"class":57},[47,72679,5840],{"class":53},[47,72681,6268],{"class":61},[47,72683,72684,72687,72689,72691,72693,72695],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,72685,72686],{"class":53},"    items",[47,72688,30],{"class":61},[47,72690,34675],{"class":173},[47,72692,170],{"class":61},[47,72694,605],{"class":173},[47,72696,80],{"class":61},[47,72698,72699],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,72700,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,72702,72703,72705,72707,72709],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,72704,167],{"class":166},[47,72706,170],{"class":61},[47,72708,7684],{"class":173},[47,72710,80],{"class":61},[14,72712,215],{},[37,72714,72716],{"className":39,"code":72715,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[44,72717,72718],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72719,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740,72742,72744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72721,3773],{"class":61},[47,72723,256],{"class":125},[47,72725,405],{"class":129},[47,72727,256],{"class":125},[47,72729,69],{"class":61},[47,72731,265],{"class":125},[47,72733,3960],{"class":129},[47,72735,256],{"class":125},[47,72737,69],{"class":61},[47,72739,265],{"class":125},[47,72741,33100],{"class":129},[47,72743,256],{"class":125},[47,72745,1402],{"class":61},[14,72747,72748,72749,72751],{},"This avoids the error because ",[44,72750,55414],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72753,72754,72755,30],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[21,72756,65718],{"href":72757},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[32,72759,72761],{"id":72760},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72763,72764,4267,72766,72768],{},[44,72765,55414],{},[44,72767,12642],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[291,72770,72771,72778,72784,72790],{},[294,72772,72773,72775,72776],{},[44,72774,55414],{}," deletes by ",[575,72777,605],{},[294,72779,72780,72775,72782],{},[44,72781,12642],{},[575,72783,35728],{},[294,72785,72786,2274,72788],{},[44,72787,55414],{},[44,72789,3652],{},[294,72791,72792,72794],{},[44,72793,12642],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72796,45923,72797,2760],{},[44,72798,55414],{},[37,72800,72802],{"className":39,"code":72801,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[44,72803,72804,72836,72854],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72805,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72807,7654],{"class":53},[47,72809,58],{"class":57},[47,72811,957],{"class":61},[47,72813,126],{"class":125},[47,72815,405],{"class":129},[47,72817,126],{"class":125},[47,72819,69],{"class":61},[47,72821,136],{"class":125},[47,72823,3960],{"class":129},[47,72825,126],{"class":125},[47,72827,69],{"class":61},[47,72829,136],{"class":125},[47,72831,33100],{"class":129},[47,72833,126],{"class":125},[47,72835,1402],{"class":61},[47,72837,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72839,7684],{"class":53},[47,72841,30],{"class":61},[47,72843,34675],{"class":173},[47,72845,170],{"class":61},[47,72847,126],{"class":125},[47,72849,3960],{"class":129},[47,72851,126],{"class":125},[47,72853,80],{"class":61},[47,72855,72856,72858,72860,72862],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72857,167],{"class":166},[47,72859,170],{"class":61},[47,72861,7684],{"class":173},[47,72863,80],{"class":61},[14,72865,215],{},[37,72867,72869],{"className":39,"code":72868,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[44,72870,72871],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72872,72873,72875,72877,72879,72881,72883,72885,72887,72889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72874,3773],{"class":61},[47,72876,256],{"class":125},[47,72878,405],{"class":129},[47,72880,256],{"class":125},[47,72882,69],{"class":61},[47,72884,265],{"class":125},[47,72886,33100],{"class":129},[47,72888,256],{"class":125},[47,72890,1402],{"class":61},[14,72892,45923,72893,2760],{},[44,72894,12642],{},[37,72896,72898],{"className":39,"code":72897,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[44,72899,72900,72932,72951,72955,72965],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72901,72902,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72903,7654],{"class":53},[47,72905,58],{"class":57},[47,72907,957],{"class":61},[47,72909,126],{"class":125},[47,72911,405],{"class":129},[47,72913,126],{"class":125},[47,72915,69],{"class":61},[47,72917,136],{"class":125},[47,72919,3960],{"class":129},[47,72921,126],{"class":125},[47,72923,69],{"class":61},[47,72925,136],{"class":125},[47,72927,33100],{"class":129},[47,72929,126],{"class":125},[47,72931,1402],{"class":61},[47,72933,72934,72937,72939,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72935,72936],{"class":53},"removed_item ",[47,72938,58],{"class":57},[47,72940,5840],{"class":53},[47,72942,30],{"class":61},[47,72944,26118],{"class":173},[47,72946,170],{"class":61},[47,72948,66],{"class":65},[47,72950,80],{"class":61},[47,72952,72953],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72954,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,72956,72957,72959,72961,72963],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,72958,167],{"class":166},[47,72960,170],{"class":61},[47,72962,7684],{"class":173},[47,72964,80],{"class":61},[47,72966,72967,72969,72971,72974],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,72968,167],{"class":166},[47,72970,170],{"class":61},[47,72972,72973],{"class":173},"removed_item",[47,72975,80],{"class":61},[14,72977,215],{},[37,72979,72981],{"className":39,"code":72980,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[44,72982,72983,73003],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,72984,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72986,3773],{"class":61},[47,72988,256],{"class":125},[47,72990,405],{"class":129},[47,72992,256],{"class":125},[47,72994,69],{"class":61},[47,72996,265],{"class":125},[47,72998,33100],{"class":129},[47,73000,256],{"class":125},[47,73002,1402],{"class":61},[47,73004,73005],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73006,70285],{"class":53},[14,73008,1967,73009,73011],{},[44,73010,55414],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73013,1967,73014,73016],{},[44,73015,12642],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73018,73019,73020,30],{},"For more detail, see the ",[21,73021,73022],{"href":54964},"Python list pop() method",[32,73024,73026],{"id":73025},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73028,73029,4267,73031,73033],{},[44,73030,55414],{},[44,73032,26902],{}," are also different.",[291,73035,73036,73041,73046,73051],{},[294,73037,73038,73040],{},[44,73039,55414],{}," deletes by matching value",[294,73042,73043,73045],{},[44,73044,26902],{}," deletes by index or slice",[294,73047,1967,73048,73050],{},[44,73049,26902],{}," when you know the position",[294,73052,1967,73053,73055],{},[44,73054,55414],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73057,45923,73058,2760],{},[44,73059,26902],{},[37,73061,73063],{"className":39,"code":73062,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[44,73064,73065,73097,73109],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73066,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73068,7654],{"class":53},[47,73070,58],{"class":57},[47,73072,957],{"class":61},[47,73074,126],{"class":125},[47,73076,405],{"class":129},[47,73078,126],{"class":125},[47,73080,69],{"class":61},[47,73082,136],{"class":125},[47,73084,3960],{"class":129},[47,73086,126],{"class":125},[47,73088,69],{"class":61},[47,73090,136],{"class":125},[47,73092,33100],{"class":129},[47,73094,126],{"class":125},[47,73096,1402],{"class":61},[47,73098,73099,73101,73103,73105,73107],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73100,26902],{"class":3749},[47,73102,5840],{"class":53},[47,73104,3773],{"class":61},[47,73106,66],{"class":65},[47,73108,1402],{"class":61},[47,73110,73111,73113,73115,73117],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73112,167],{"class":166},[47,73114,170],{"class":61},[47,73116,7684],{"class":173},[47,73118,80],{"class":61},[14,73120,215],{},[37,73122,73123],{"className":39,"code":72868,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,73124,73125],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73126,73127,73129,73131,73133,73135,73137,73139,73141,73143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73128,3773],{"class":61},[47,73130,256],{"class":125},[47,73132,405],{"class":129},[47,73134,256],{"class":125},[47,73136,69],{"class":61},[47,73138,265],{"class":125},[47,73140,33100],{"class":129},[47,73142,256],{"class":125},[47,73144,1402],{"class":61},[14,73146,73147,73148,73150,73151,73153],{},"This removed the item at index ",[44,73149,66],{},", not the value ",[44,73152,65153],{}," directly.",[14,73155,73156,73157,30],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[21,73158,54953],{"href":54952},[32,73160,1284],{"id":1283},[14,73162,21087,73163,2760],{},[44,73164,55414],{},[291,73166,73167,73170,73175,73182,73191],{},[294,73168,73169],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[294,73171,8330,73172,73174],{},[44,73173,55414],{}," to delete all matching values",[294,73176,12474,73177,73179,73180],{},[44,73178,55414],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[44,73181,3652],{},[294,73183,8294,73184,44512,73186,25,73188,73190],{},[44,73185,55414],{},[44,73187,12642],{},[44,73189,26902],{}," would be a better fit",[294,73192,73193],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73195,71385],{},[37,73197,73199],{"className":39,"code":73198,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[44,73200,73201,73211,73225,73243,73257],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73202,73203,73205,73207,73209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73204,167],{"class":166},[47,73206,170],{"class":61},[47,73208,8215],{"class":173},[47,73210,80],{"class":61},[47,73212,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73214,167],{"class":166},[47,73216,170],{"class":61},[47,73218,588],{"class":173},[47,73220,3756],{"class":3749},[47,73222,8272],{"class":173},[47,73224,80],{"class":61},[47,73226,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239,73241],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73228,167],{"class":166},[47,73230,170],{"class":61},[47,73232,8215],{"class":173},[47,73234,30],{"class":61},[47,73236,41141],{"class":173},[47,73238,170],{"class":61},[47,73240,605],{"class":173},[47,73242,506],{"class":61},[47,73244,73245,73247,73249,73251,73253,73255],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,73246,167],{"class":166},[47,73248,170],{"class":61},[47,73250,499],{"class":118},[47,73252,170],{"class":61},[47,73254,8215],{"class":173},[47,73256,506],{"class":61},[47,73258,73259,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,73260,32031],{"class":166},[47,73262,170],{"class":61},[47,73264,7969],{"class":118},[47,73266,30],{"class":61},[47,73268,34675],{"class":24626},[47,73270,80],{"class":61},[14,73272,73273],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[291,73275,73276,73279,73282,73285],{},[294,73277,73278],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[294,73280,73281],{},"How many times does it appear?",[294,73283,73284],{},"Am I working with a list?",[294,73286,73287],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73289,73290,73291,73293],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[21,73292,71549],{"href":58848}," may also help.",[32,73295,1708],{"id":1707},[773,73297,73299],{"id":73298},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73301,73302],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[773,73304,73306],{"id":73305},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73308,1750,73309,73311],{},[44,73310,3652],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[773,73313,73315],{"id":73314},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73317,73318,73319,73322,73323,30],{},"Check with ",[44,73320,73321],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[44,73324,55414],{},[773,73326,73328],{"id":73327},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73330,1967,73331,73333,73334,73336],{},[44,73332,55414],{}," for a value and ",[44,73335,12642],{}," for an index.",[32,73338,1758],{"id":1757},[291,73340,73341,73345,73349,73353,73357],{},[294,73342,73343],{},[21,73344,55400],{"href":54952},[294,73346,73347],{},[21,73348,73022],{"href":54964},[294,73350,73351],{},[21,73352,71549],{"href":58848},[294,73354,73355],{},[21,73356,65718],{"href":72757},[294,73358,73359],{},[21,73360,73362],{"href":73361},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1796,73364,73365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":73367},[73368,73369,73370,73371,73372,73373,73374,73375,73376,73377,73383],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":71694,"depth":83,"text":71695},{"id":5304,"depth":83,"text":5305},{"id":5660,"depth":83,"text":5661},{"id":72147,"depth":83,"text":72148},{"id":65508,"depth":83,"text":65509},{"id":72760,"depth":83,"text":72761},{"id":73025,"depth":83,"text":73026},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":73378},[73379,73380,73381,73382],{"id":73298,"depth":94,"text":73299},{"id":73305,"depth":94,"text":73306},{"id":73314,"depth":94,"text":73315},{"id":73327,"depth":94,"text":73328},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71597,"description":73384},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73391,"title":73392,"body":73393,"description":75284,"extension":1837,"meta":75285,"navigation":159,"path":75286,"seo":75287,"stem":75288,"__hash__":75289},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73394,"toc":75254},[73395,73401,73407,73410,73421,73423,73472,73477,73482,73486,73501,73503,73568,73570,73611,73613,73615,73630,73632,73643,73645,73702,73704,73737,73739,73742,73791,73793,73818,73820,73836,73842,73849,73910,73912,73945,73950,73953,74033,74035,74096,74102,74106,74109,74173,74175,74200,74202,74222,74224,74273,74275,74296,74305,74308,74312,74317,74362,74364,74385,74391,74396,74404,74468,74470,74507,74513,74517,74524,74589,74591,74628,74632,74649,74659,74664,74669,74680,74687,74689,74695,74718,74721,74748,74753,74756,74857,74859,74914,74917,75024,75026,75097,75100,75126,75128,75133,75137,75145,75150,75155,75161,75166,75170,75173,75190,75193,75213,75221,75223,75251],[10,73396,54227,73398,11199],{"id":73397},"python-list-reverse-method",[44,73399,73400],{},"reverse()",[14,73402,73403,73406],{},[44,73404,73405],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73408,73409],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73411,73412,73413,73415,73416,73420],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[44,73414,73400],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[21,73417,73419],{"href":73418},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[32,73422,3482],{"id":3481},[37,73424,73426],{"className":39,"code":73425,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[44,73427,73428,73448,73459],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73429,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73431,54],{"class":53},[47,73433,58],{"class":57},[47,73435,957],{"class":61},[47,73437,66],{"class":65},[47,73439,69],{"class":61},[47,73441,72],{"class":65},[47,73443,69],{"class":61},[47,73445,77],{"class":65},[47,73447,1402],{"class":61},[47,73449,73450,73452,73454,73457],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73451,174],{"class":53},[47,73453,30],{"class":61},[47,73455,73456],{"class":173},"reverse",[47,73458,241],{"class":61},[47,73460,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73462,167],{"class":166},[47,73464,170],{"class":61},[47,73466,174],{"class":173},[47,73468,3533],{"class":61},[47,73470,73471],{"class":1494},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73473,73474,73476],{},[44,73475,73400],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[32,73478,3550,73480,3553],{"id":73479},"what-listreverse-does",[44,73481,73405],{},[14,73483,73484,2760],{},[44,73485,73405],{},[291,73487,73488,73491,73494,73498],{},[294,73489,73490],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[294,73492,73493],{},"Changes the original list directly",[294,73495,11301,73496],{},[44,73497,3652],{},[294,73499,73500],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73502,2083],{},[37,73504,73506],{"className":39,"code":73505,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[44,73507,73508,73548,73558],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73509,73510,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73511,1118],{"class":53},[47,73513,58],{"class":57},[47,73515,957],{"class":61},[47,73517,126],{"class":125},[47,73519,21],{"class":129},[47,73521,126],{"class":125},[47,73523,69],{"class":61},[47,73525,136],{"class":125},[47,73527,139],{"class":129},[47,73529,126],{"class":125},[47,73531,69],{"class":61},[47,73533,136],{"class":125},[47,73535,148],{"class":129},[47,73537,126],{"class":125},[47,73539,69],{"class":61},[47,73541,136],{"class":125},[47,73543,18644],{"class":129},[47,73545,126],{"class":125},[47,73547,1402],{"class":61},[47,73549,73550,73552,73554,73556],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73551,1142],{"class":53},[47,73553,30],{"class":61},[47,73555,73456],{"class":173},[47,73557,241],{"class":61},[47,73559,73560,73562,73564,73566],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73561,167],{"class":166},[47,73563,170],{"class":61},[47,73565,1142],{"class":173},[47,73567,80],{"class":61},[14,73569,215],{},[37,73571,73573],{"className":39,"code":73572,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[44,73574,73575],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73576,73577,73579,73581,73583,73585,73587,73589,73591,73593,73595,73597,73599,73601,73603,73605,73607,73609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73578,3773],{"class":61},[47,73580,256],{"class":125},[47,73582,18644],{"class":129},[47,73584,256],{"class":125},[47,73586,69],{"class":61},[47,73588,265],{"class":125},[47,73590,148],{"class":129},[47,73592,256],{"class":125},[47,73594,69],{"class":61},[47,73596,265],{"class":125},[47,73598,139],{"class":129},[47,73600,256],{"class":125},[47,73602,69],{"class":61},[47,73604,265],{"class":125},[47,73606,21],{"class":129},[47,73608,256],{"class":125},[47,73610,1402],{"class":61},[32,73612,2032],{"id":2031},[14,73614,2035],{},[37,73616,73618],{"className":39,"code":73617,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.reverse()\n",[44,73619,73620],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73621,73622,73624,73626,73628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73623,8215],{"class":53},[47,73625,30],{"class":61},[47,73627,73456],{"class":173},[47,73629,241],{"class":61},[14,73631,12932],{},[291,73633,73634,73637,73640],{},[294,73635,73636],{},"No arguments are needed",[294,73638,73639],{},"You call it on an existing list",[294,73641,73642],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73644,2083],{},[37,73646,73648],{"className":39,"code":73647,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[44,73649,73650,73682,73692],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73651,73652,73654,73656,73658,73660,73662,73664,73666,73668,73670,73672,73674,73676,73678,73680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73653,823],{"class":53},[47,73655,58],{"class":57},[47,73657,957],{"class":61},[47,73659,126],{"class":125},[47,73661,832],{"class":129},[47,73663,126],{"class":125},[47,73665,69],{"class":61},[47,73667,136],{"class":125},[47,73669,841],{"class":129},[47,73671,126],{"class":125},[47,73673,69],{"class":61},[47,73675,136],{"class":125},[47,73677,850],{"class":129},[47,73679,126],{"class":125},[47,73681,1402],{"class":61},[47,73683,73684,73686,73688,73690],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73685,863],{"class":53},[47,73687,30],{"class":61},[47,73689,73456],{"class":173},[47,73691,241],{"class":61},[47,73693,73694,73696,73698,73700],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73695,167],{"class":166},[47,73697,170],{"class":61},[47,73699,863],{"class":173},[47,73701,80],{"class":61},[14,73703,215],{},[37,73705,73707],{"className":39,"code":73706,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[44,73708,73709],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73710,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727,73729,73731,73733,73735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73712,3773],{"class":61},[47,73714,256],{"class":125},[47,73716,850],{"class":129},[47,73718,256],{"class":125},[47,73720,69],{"class":61},[47,73722,265],{"class":125},[47,73724,841],{"class":129},[47,73726,256],{"class":125},[47,73728,69],{"class":61},[47,73730,265],{"class":125},[47,73732,832],{"class":129},[47,73734,256],{"class":125},[47,73736,1402],{"class":61},[32,73738,11353],{"id":11352},[14,73740,73741],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[37,73743,73745],{"className":39,"code":73744,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,73746,73747,73771,73781],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73748,73749,73751,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73750,54],{"class":53},[47,73752,58],{"class":57},[47,73754,957],{"class":61},[47,73756,960],{"class":65},[47,73758,69],{"class":61},[47,73760,965],{"class":65},[47,73762,69],{"class":61},[47,73764,7669],{"class":65},[47,73766,69],{"class":61},[47,73768,50727],{"class":65},[47,73770,1402],{"class":61},[47,73772,73773,73775,73777,73779],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73774,174],{"class":53},[47,73776,30],{"class":61},[47,73778,73456],{"class":173},[47,73780,241],{"class":61},[47,73782,73783,73785,73787,73789],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73784,167],{"class":166},[47,73786,170],{"class":61},[47,73788,174],{"class":173},[47,73790,80],{"class":61},[14,73792,215],{},[37,73794,73796],{"className":39,"code":73795,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[44,73797,73798],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73799,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73801,3773],{"class":61},[47,73803,56576],{"class":65},[47,73805,69],{"class":61},[47,73807,7669],{"class":65},[47,73809,69],{"class":61},[47,73811,965],{"class":65},[47,73813,69],{"class":61},[47,73815,5879],{"class":65},[47,73817,1402],{"class":61},[14,73819,11562],{},[291,73821,73822,73828,73833],{},[294,73823,73824,73825],{},"The list starts as ",[44,73826,73827],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[294,73829,73830,73832],{},[44,73831,73400],{}," flips the order",[294,73834,73835],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[32,73837,73839,73841],{"id":73838},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[44,73840,73400],{}," changes the original list",[14,73843,73844,73845,73848],{},"This method is ",[575,73846,73847],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[37,73850,73852],{"className":39,"code":73851,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[44,73853,73854,73886,73896,73900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73855,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73857,36120],{"class":53},[47,73859,58],{"class":57},[47,73861,957],{"class":61},[47,73863,126],{"class":125},[47,73865,405],{"class":129},[47,73867,126],{"class":125},[47,73869,69],{"class":61},[47,73871,136],{"class":125},[47,73873,3960],{"class":129},[47,73875,126],{"class":125},[47,73877,69],{"class":61},[47,73879,136],{"class":125},[47,73881,3969],{"class":129},[47,73883,126],{"class":125},[47,73885,1402],{"class":61},[47,73887,73888,73890,73892,73894],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73889,36172],{"class":53},[47,73891,30],{"class":61},[47,73893,73456],{"class":173},[47,73895,241],{"class":61},[47,73897,73898],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73899,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,73901,73902,73904,73906,73908],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,73903,167],{"class":166},[47,73905,170],{"class":61},[47,73907,36172],{"class":173},[47,73909,80],{"class":61},[14,73911,215],{},[37,73913,73915],{"className":39,"code":73914,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[44,73916,73917],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73918,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73920,3773],{"class":61},[47,73922,256],{"class":125},[47,73924,3969],{"class":129},[47,73926,256],{"class":125},[47,73928,69],{"class":61},[47,73930,265],{"class":125},[47,73932,3960],{"class":129},[47,73934,256],{"class":125},[47,73936,69],{"class":61},[47,73938,265],{"class":125},[47,73940,405],{"class":129},[47,73942,256],{"class":125},[47,73944,1402],{"class":61},[14,73946,1967,73947,73949],{},[44,73948,73400],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,73951,73952],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[37,73954,73956],{"className":39,"code":73955,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[44,73957,73958,73990,74008,74012,74022],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,73959,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73961,36120],{"class":53},[47,73963,58],{"class":57},[47,73965,957],{"class":61},[47,73967,126],{"class":125},[47,73969,405],{"class":129},[47,73971,126],{"class":125},[47,73973,69],{"class":61},[47,73975,136],{"class":125},[47,73977,3960],{"class":129},[47,73979,126],{"class":125},[47,73981,69],{"class":61},[47,73983,136],{"class":125},[47,73985,3969],{"class":129},[47,73987,126],{"class":125},[47,73989,1402],{"class":61},[47,73991,73992,73995,73997,73999,74002,74004,74006],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73993,73994],{"class":53},"reversed_fruits ",[47,73996,58],{"class":57},[47,73998,52736],{"class":53},[47,74000,74001],{"class":61},"[::",[47,74003,1896],{"class":57},[47,74005,66],{"class":65},[47,74007,1402],{"class":61},[47,74009,74010],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74011,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,74013,74014,74016,74018,74020],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74015,167],{"class":166},[47,74017,170],{"class":61},[47,74019,36172],{"class":173},[47,74021,80],{"class":61},[47,74023,74024,74026,74028,74031],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,74025,167],{"class":166},[47,74027,170],{"class":61},[47,74029,74030],{"class":173},"reversed_fruits",[47,74032,80],{"class":61},[14,74034,215],{},[37,74036,74038],{"className":39,"code":74037,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[44,74039,74040,74068],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74041,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050,74052,74054,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064,74066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74043,3773],{"class":61},[47,74045,256],{"class":125},[47,74047,405],{"class":129},[47,74049,256],{"class":125},[47,74051,69],{"class":61},[47,74053,265],{"class":125},[47,74055,3960],{"class":129},[47,74057,256],{"class":125},[47,74059,69],{"class":61},[47,74061,265],{"class":125},[47,74063,3969],{"class":129},[47,74065,256],{"class":125},[47,74067,1402],{"class":61},[47,74069,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092,74094],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74071,3773],{"class":61},[47,74073,256],{"class":125},[47,74075,3969],{"class":129},[47,74077,256],{"class":125},[47,74079,69],{"class":61},[47,74081,265],{"class":125},[47,74083,3960],{"class":129},[47,74085,256],{"class":125},[47,74087,69],{"class":61},[47,74089,265],{"class":125},[47,74091,405],{"class":129},[47,74093,256],{"class":125},[47,74095,1402],{"class":61},[14,74097,74098,74099,30],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[21,74100,74101],{"href":73418},"Python list slicing explained",[32,74103,74105],{"id":74104},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74107,74108],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[37,74110,74112],{"className":39,"code":74111,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,74113,74114,74134,74148,74152,74163],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74115,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74117,54],{"class":53},[47,74119,58],{"class":57},[47,74121,957],{"class":61},[47,74123,66],{"class":65},[47,74125,69],{"class":61},[47,74127,72],{"class":65},[47,74129,69],{"class":61},[47,74131,77],{"class":65},[47,74133,1402],{"class":61},[47,74135,74136,74138,74140,74142,74144,74146],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74137,55775],{"class":53},[47,74139,58],{"class":57},[47,74141,4136],{"class":53},[47,74143,30],{"class":61},[47,74145,73456],{"class":173},[47,74147,241],{"class":61},[47,74149,74150],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74151,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,74153,74154,74156,74158,74161],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74155,167],{"class":166},[47,74157,170],{"class":61},[47,74159,74160],{"class":173},"new_list",[47,74162,80],{"class":61},[47,74164,74165,74167,74169,74171],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,74166,167],{"class":166},[47,74168,170],{"class":61},[47,74170,174],{"class":173},[47,74172,80],{"class":61},[14,74174,215],{},[37,74176,74178],{"className":39,"code":74177,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[44,74179,74180,74184],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74181,74182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74183,11687],{"class":412},[47,74185,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194,74196,74198],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74187,3773],{"class":61},[47,74189,1937],{"class":65},[47,74191,69],{"class":61},[47,74193,72],{"class":65},[47,74195,69],{"class":61},[47,74197,1242],{"class":65},[47,74199,1402],{"class":61},[14,74201,11779],{},[291,74203,74204,74212,74216],{},[294,74205,74206,74208,74209,74211],{},[44,74207,73400],{}," changes ",[44,74210,174],{}," directly",[294,74213,40787,74214,71718],{},[575,74215,577],{},[294,74217,53538,74218,42036,74220],{},[44,74219,74160],{},[44,74221,3652],{},[14,74223,61779],{},[37,74225,74227],{"className":39,"code":74226,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,74228,74229,74249,74259,74263],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74230,74231,74233,74235,74237,74239,74241,74243,74245,74247],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74232,54],{"class":53},[47,74234,58],{"class":57},[47,74236,957],{"class":61},[47,74238,66],{"class":65},[47,74240,69],{"class":61},[47,74242,72],{"class":65},[47,74244,69],{"class":61},[47,74246,77],{"class":65},[47,74248,1402],{"class":61},[47,74250,74251,74253,74255,74257],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74252,174],{"class":53},[47,74254,30],{"class":61},[47,74256,73456],{"class":173},[47,74258,241],{"class":61},[47,74260,74261],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74262,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,74264,74265,74267,74269,74271],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74266,167],{"class":166},[47,74268,170],{"class":61},[47,74270,174],{"class":173},[47,74272,80],{"class":61},[14,74274,215],{},[37,74276,74278],{"className":39,"code":74277,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[44,74279,74280],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74281,74282,74284,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74283,3773],{"class":61},[47,74285,1937],{"class":65},[47,74287,69],{"class":61},[47,74289,72],{"class":65},[47,74291,69],{"class":61},[47,74293,1242],{"class":65},[47,74295,1402],{"class":61},[32,74297,74299,10461,74301,74304],{"id":74298},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[44,74300,73400],{},[44,74302,74303],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74306,74307],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[773,74309,74310],{"id":73456},[44,74311,73400],{},[14,74313,74314,74316],{},[44,74315,73400],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[37,74318,74320],{"className":39,"code":74319,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,74321,74322,74342,74352],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74323,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74325,54],{"class":53},[47,74327,58],{"class":57},[47,74329,957],{"class":61},[47,74331,1937],{"class":65},[47,74333,69],{"class":61},[47,74335,1242],{"class":65},[47,74337,69],{"class":61},[47,74339,72],{"class":65},[47,74341,1402],{"class":61},[47,74343,74344,74346,74348,74350],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74345,174],{"class":53},[47,74347,30],{"class":61},[47,74349,73456],{"class":173},[47,74351,241],{"class":61},[47,74353,74354,74356,74358,74360],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74355,167],{"class":166},[47,74357,170],{"class":61},[47,74359,174],{"class":173},[47,74361,80],{"class":61},[14,74363,215],{},[37,74365,74367],{"className":39,"code":74366,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[44,74368,74369],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74370,74371,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381,74383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74372,3773],{"class":61},[47,74374,1931],{"class":65},[47,74376,69],{"class":61},[47,74378,1242],{"class":65},[47,74380,69],{"class":61},[47,74382,77],{"class":65},[47,74384,1402],{"class":61},[14,74386,74387,74388,74390],{},"Notice that this is ",[575,74389,577],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[773,74392,74394],{"id":74393},"sorted",[44,74395,74303],{},[14,74397,74398,74403],{},[21,74399,74401],{"href":74400},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[44,74402,74303],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[37,74405,74407],{"className":39,"code":74406,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[44,74408,74409,74429,74444,74448,74458],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74410,74411,74413,74415,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74412,54],{"class":53},[47,74414,58],{"class":57},[47,74416,957],{"class":61},[47,74418,1937],{"class":65},[47,74420,69],{"class":61},[47,74422,1242],{"class":65},[47,74424,69],{"class":61},[47,74426,72],{"class":65},[47,74428,1402],{"class":61},[47,74430,74431,74433,74435,74438,74440,74442],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74432,2106],{"class":53},[47,74434,58],{"class":57},[47,74436,74437],{"class":166}," sorted",[47,74439,170],{"class":61},[47,74441,174],{"class":173},[47,74443,80],{"class":61},[47,74445,74446],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74447,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,74449,74450,74452,74454,74456],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74451,167],{"class":166},[47,74453,170],{"class":61},[47,74455,174],{"class":173},[47,74457,80],{"class":61},[47,74459,74460,74462,74464,74466],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,74461,167],{"class":166},[47,74463,170],{"class":61},[47,74465,2141],{"class":173},[47,74467,80],{"class":61},[14,74469,215],{},[37,74471,74473],{"className":39,"code":74472,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[44,74474,74475,74491],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74476,74477,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74478,3773],{"class":61},[47,74480,1937],{"class":65},[47,74482,69],{"class":61},[47,74484,1242],{"class":65},[47,74486,69],{"class":61},[47,74488,72],{"class":65},[47,74490,1402],{"class":61},[47,74492,74493,74495,74497,74499,74501,74503,74505],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74494,3773],{"class":61},[47,74496,66],{"class":65},[47,74498,69],{"class":61},[47,74500,72],{"class":65},[47,74502,69],{"class":61},[47,74504,77],{"class":65},[47,74506,1402],{"class":61},[14,74508,74509,74510,30],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[44,74511,74512],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[773,74514,74516],{"id":74515},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74518,74519,74520,74523],{},"Slicing with ",[44,74521,74522],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[37,74525,74527],{"className":39,"code":74526,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[44,74528,74529,74549,74565,74569,74579],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74530,74531,74533,74535,74537,74539,74541,74543,74545,74547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74532,54],{"class":53},[47,74534,58],{"class":57},[47,74536,957],{"class":61},[47,74538,1937],{"class":65},[47,74540,69],{"class":61},[47,74542,1242],{"class":65},[47,74544,69],{"class":61},[47,74546,72],{"class":65},[47,74548,1402],{"class":61},[47,74550,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561,74563],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74552,2106],{"class":53},[47,74554,58],{"class":57},[47,74556,4136],{"class":53},[47,74558,74001],{"class":61},[47,74560,1896],{"class":57},[47,74562,66],{"class":65},[47,74564,1402],{"class":61},[47,74566,74567],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74568,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,74570,74571,74573,74575,74577],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74572,167],{"class":166},[47,74574,170],{"class":61},[47,74576,174],{"class":173},[47,74578,80],{"class":61},[47,74580,74581,74583,74585,74587],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,74582,167],{"class":166},[47,74584,170],{"class":61},[47,74586,2141],{"class":173},[47,74588,80],{"class":61},[14,74590,215],{},[37,74592,74594],{"className":39,"code":74593,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[44,74595,74596,74612],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74597,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74599,3773],{"class":61},[47,74601,1937],{"class":65},[47,74603,69],{"class":61},[47,74605,1242],{"class":65},[47,74607,69],{"class":61},[47,74609,72],{"class":65},[47,74611,1402],{"class":61},[47,74613,74614,74616,74618,74620,74622,74624,74626],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74615,3773],{"class":61},[47,74617,1931],{"class":65},[47,74619,69],{"class":61},[47,74621,1242],{"class":65},[47,74623,69],{"class":61},[47,74625,77],{"class":65},[47,74627,1402],{"class":61},[773,74629,74631],{"id":74630},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[291,74633,74634,74639,74644],{},[294,74635,1967,74636,74638],{},[44,74637,73400],{}," when you want to change the original list",[294,74640,1967,74641,74643],{},[44,74642,74522],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[294,74645,1967,74646,74648],{},[44,74647,74303],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74650,74651,74652,74658],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[21,74653,74655,74656,10617],{"href":74654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[44,74657,64191],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[32,74660,4836,74662],{"id":74661},"when-to-use-reverse",[44,74663,73400],{},[14,74665,74666,74668],{},[44,74667,73400],{}," is a good choice:",[291,74670,74671,74674,74677],{},[294,74672,74673],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[294,74675,74676],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[294,74678,74679],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74681,74682,74683,30],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[21,74684,74686],{"href":74685},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[32,74688,1284],{"id":1283},[14,74690,74691,74692,74694],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[44,74693,73400],{}," for these reasons:",[291,74696,74697,74701,74706,74711],{},[294,74698,12474,74699,12477],{},[44,74700,73400],{},[294,74702,8330,74703,74705],{},[44,74704,73400],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[294,74707,8294,74708,74710],{},[44,74709,73400],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[294,74712,1502,74713,8582,74715],{},[44,74714,73400],{},[44,74716,74717],{},"reversed()",[14,74719,74720],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[37,74722,74724],{"className":39,"code":74723,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[44,74725,74726,74738],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74727,74728,74730,74732,74734,74736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74729,34568],{"class":53},[47,74731,58],{"class":57},[47,74733,136],{"class":125},[47,74735,3718],{"class":129},[47,74737,3230],{"class":125},[47,74739,74740,74742,74744,74746],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74741,34589],{"class":53},[47,74743,30],{"class":61},[47,74745,73456],{"class":173},[47,74747,241],{"class":61},[14,74749,74750,74751,33480],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[44,74752,73400],{},[14,74754,74755],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[37,74757,74759],{"className":39,"code":74758,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[44,74760,74761,74781,74785,74795,74809,74813,74827,74837,74841],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74762,74763,74765,74767,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777,74779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74764,8184],{"class":53},[47,74766,58],{"class":57},[47,74768,957],{"class":61},[47,74770,66],{"class":65},[47,74772,69],{"class":61},[47,74774,72],{"class":65},[47,74776,69],{"class":61},[47,74778,77],{"class":65},[47,74780,1402],{"class":61},[47,74782,74783],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74784,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,74786,74787,74789,74791,74793],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74788,167],{"class":166},[47,74790,170],{"class":61},[47,74792,8215],{"class":173},[47,74794,80],{"class":61},[47,74796,74797,74799,74801,74803,74805,74807],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74798,167],{"class":166},[47,74800,170],{"class":61},[47,74802,499],{"class":118},[47,74804,170],{"class":61},[47,74806,8215],{"class":173},[47,74808,506],{"class":61},[47,74810,74811],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,74812,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,74814,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,74816,2106],{"class":53},[47,74818,58],{"class":57},[47,74820,8272],{"class":53},[47,74822,30],{"class":61},[47,74824,73456],{"class":173},[47,74826,241],{"class":61},[47,74828,74829,74831,74833,74835],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,74830,167],{"class":166},[47,74832,170],{"class":61},[47,74834,2141],{"class":173},[47,74836,80],{"class":61},[47,74838,74839],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,74840,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,74842,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853,74855],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,74844,167],{"class":166},[47,74846,170],{"class":61},[47,74848,8215],{"class":173},[47,74850,74001],{"class":61},[47,74852,1896],{"class":57},[47,74854,66],{"class":65},[47,74856,153],{"class":61},[14,74858,215],{},[37,74860,74862],{"className":39,"code":74861,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[44,74863,74864,74880,74894,74898],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74865,74866,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74867,3773],{"class":61},[47,74869,66],{"class":65},[47,74871,69],{"class":61},[47,74873,72],{"class":65},[47,74875,69],{"class":61},[47,74877,77],{"class":65},[47,74879,1402],{"class":61},[47,74881,74882,74884,74886,74888,74890,74892],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74883,522],{"class":57},[47,74885,526],{"class":525},[47,74887,265],{"class":125},[47,74889,7969],{"class":129},[47,74891,256],{"class":125},[47,74893,536],{"class":57},[47,74895,74896],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74897,11687],{"class":412},[47,74899,74900,74902,74904,74906,74908,74910,74912],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74901,3773],{"class":61},[47,74903,66],{"class":65},[47,74905,69],{"class":61},[47,74907,72],{"class":65},[47,74909,69],{"class":61},[47,74911,1242],{"class":65},[47,74913,1402],{"class":61},[14,74915,74916],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[37,74918,74920],{"className":39,"code":74919,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[44,74921,74922,74942,74946,74956,74970,74974,74988,74998,75008],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,74923,74924,74926,74928,74930,74932,74934,74936,74938,74940],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74925,8184],{"class":53},[47,74927,58],{"class":57},[47,74929,957],{"class":61},[47,74931,66],{"class":65},[47,74933,69],{"class":61},[47,74935,72],{"class":65},[47,74937,69],{"class":61},[47,74939,77],{"class":65},[47,74941,1402],{"class":61},[47,74943,74944],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74945,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,74947,74948,74950,74952,74954],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74949,167],{"class":166},[47,74951,170],{"class":61},[47,74953,8215],{"class":173},[47,74955,80],{"class":61},[47,74957,74958,74960,74962,74964,74966,74968],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74959,167],{"class":166},[47,74961,170],{"class":61},[47,74963,499],{"class":118},[47,74965,170],{"class":61},[47,74967,8215],{"class":173},[47,74969,506],{"class":61},[47,74971,74972],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,74973,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,74975,74976,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,74977,2106],{"class":53},[47,74979,58],{"class":57},[47,74981,8272],{"class":53},[47,74983,30],{"class":61},[47,74985,73456],{"class":173},[47,74987,241],{"class":61},[47,74989,74990,74992,74994,74996],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,74991,167],{"class":166},[47,74993,170],{"class":61},[47,74995,2141],{"class":173},[47,74997,80],{"class":61},[47,74999,75000,75002,75004,75006],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,75001,167],{"class":166},[47,75003,170],{"class":61},[47,75005,8215],{"class":173},[47,75007,80],{"class":61},[47,75009,75010,75012,75014,75016,75018,75020,75022],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,75011,167],{"class":166},[47,75013,170],{"class":61},[47,75015,8215],{"class":173},[47,75017,74001],{"class":61},[47,75019,1896],{"class":57},[47,75021,66],{"class":65},[47,75023,153],{"class":61},[14,75025,215],{},[37,75027,75029],{"className":39,"code":75028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[44,75030,75031,75047,75061,75065,75081],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,75032,75033,75035,75037,75039,75041,75043,75045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75034,3773],{"class":61},[47,75036,66],{"class":65},[47,75038,69],{"class":61},[47,75040,72],{"class":65},[47,75042,69],{"class":61},[47,75044,77],{"class":65},[47,75046,1402],{"class":61},[47,75048,75049,75051,75053,75055,75057,75059],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75050,522],{"class":57},[47,75052,526],{"class":525},[47,75054,265],{"class":125},[47,75056,7969],{"class":129},[47,75058,256],{"class":125},[47,75060,536],{"class":57},[47,75062,75063],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75064,11687],{"class":412},[47,75066,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,75068,3773],{"class":61},[47,75070,1937],{"class":65},[47,75072,69],{"class":61},[47,75074,72],{"class":65},[47,75076,69],{"class":61},[47,75078,1242],{"class":65},[47,75080,1402],{"class":61},[47,75082,75083,75085,75087,75089,75091,75093,75095],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,75084,3773],{"class":61},[47,75086,66],{"class":65},[47,75088,69],{"class":61},[47,75090,72],{"class":65},[47,75092,69],{"class":61},[47,75094,77],{"class":65},[47,75096,1402],{"class":61},[14,75098,75099],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[291,75101,75102,75111,75120],{},[294,75103,27673,75104,75107,75108],{},[44,75105,75106],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[44,75109,75110],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[294,75112,11795,75113,75116,75117,22436],{},[44,75114,75115],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[575,75118,75119],{},"current",[294,75121,75122,75123],{},"So it prints ",[44,75124,75125],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[32,75127,1708],{"id":1707},[773,75129,12584,75131,55354],{"id":75130},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[44,75132,73405],{},[14,75134,62484,75135,30],{},[44,75136,3652],{},[773,75138,34085,75140,34088,75142,2368],{"id":75139},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[44,75141,73400],{},[44,75143,75144],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75146,75147,75149],{},[44,75148,73400],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75151,75152,75154],{},[44,75153,75144],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[773,75156,28206,75158,75160],{"id":75157},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[44,75159,73400],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75162,46248,75163,75165],{},[44,75164,73400],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[773,75167,75169],{"id":75168},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75171,75172],{},"Use slicing:",[37,75174,75176],{"className":39,"code":75175,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list[::-1]\n",[44,75177,75178],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,75179,75180,75182,75184,75186,75188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75181,8215],{"class":53},[47,75183,74001],{"class":61},[47,75185,1896],{"class":57},[47,75187,66],{"class":65},[47,75189,1402],{"class":61},[14,75191,75192],{},"Or use:",[37,75194,75196],{"className":39,"code":75195,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[44,75197,75198],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,75199,75200,75202,75204,75207,75209,75211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75201,7969],{"class":118},[47,75203,170],{"class":61},[47,75205,75206],{"class":166},"reversed",[47,75208,170],{"class":61},[47,75210,8215],{"class":173},[47,75212,506],{"class":61},[14,75214,75215,75216,75220],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[21,75217,55405,75218],{"href":54845},[44,75219,12656],{}," can also help.",[32,75222,1758],{"id":1757},[291,75224,75225,75231,75237,75241,75245],{},[294,75226,75227],{},[21,75228,55405,75229,10617],{"href":74654},[44,75230,64191],{},[294,75232,75233],{},[21,75234,3448,75235,3381],{"href":74400},[44,75236,74303],{},[294,75238,75239],{},[21,75240,74686],{"href":74685},[294,75242,75243],{},[21,75244,74101],{"href":73418},[294,75246,75247],{},[21,75248,55405,75249,10617],{"href":54845},[44,75250,12656],{},[1796,75252,75253],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":75255},[75256,75257,75259,75260,75261,75263,75264,75271,75273,75274,75283],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":73479,"depth":83,"text":75258},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":73838,"depth":83,"text":75262},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74104,"depth":83,"text":74105},{"id":74298,"depth":83,"text":75265,"children":75266},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75267,75268,75269,75270],{"id":73456,"depth":94,"text":73400},{"id":74393,"depth":94,"text":74303},{"id":74515,"depth":94,"text":74516},{"id":74630,"depth":94,"text":74631},{"id":74661,"depth":83,"text":75272},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":75275},[75276,75278,75280,75282],{"id":75130,"depth":94,"text":75277},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75139,"depth":94,"text":75279},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75157,"depth":94,"text":75281},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75168,"depth":94,"text":75169},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73392,"description":75284},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75291,"title":75292,"body":75293,"description":77726,"extension":1837,"meta":77727,"navigation":159,"path":77728,"seo":77729,"stem":77730,"__hash__":77731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75294,"toc":77694},[75295,75298,75310,75313,75336,75344,75346,75458,75467,75471,75474,75477,75564,75566,75599,75601,75624,75630,75634,75637,75659,75661,75678,75681,75701,75703,75813,75815,75892,75896,75899,75942,75944,76077,76079,76181,76186,76190,76193,76195,76209,76212,76326,76328,76402,76404,76432,76436,76441,76471,76474,76600,76602,76684,76690,76694,76696,76735,76744,76748,76751,76755,76802,76804,76812,76816,76867,76869,76882,76884,76898,76901,76909,76911,76958,76960,76968,76971,77014,77019,77022,77025,77048,77052,77103,77106,77127,77137,77141,77143,77173,77176,77199,77203,77206,77273,77275,77312,77315,77323,77390,77392,77429,77435,77442,77446,77449,77479,77484,77488,77491,77515,77518,77612,77622,77624,77628,77631,77635,77638,77643,77646,77652,77655,77657,77685,77691],[10,75296,75292],{"id":75297},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75299,75300,75301,2064,75303,16949,75306,75309],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[44,75302,35955],{},[44,75304,75305],{},"stop",[44,75307,75308],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75311,75312],{},"The basic slice form is:",[37,75314,75316],{"className":39,"code":75315,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[44,75317,75318],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,75319,75320,75322,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75321,8215],{"class":53},[47,75323,3773],{"class":61},[47,75325,35955],{"class":53},[47,75327,2760],{"class":61},[47,75329,75305],{"class":53},[47,75331,2760],{"class":61},[47,75333,75308],{"class":53},[47,75335,1402],{"class":61},[14,75337,75338,75339,75341,75342,30],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[44,75340,75305],{}," position is ",[575,75343,64948],{},[32,75345,35],{"id":34},[37,75347,75349],{"className":39,"code":75348,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[44,75350,75351,75379,75383,75404,75422,75439],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,75352,75353,75355,75357,75359,75361,75363,75365,75367,75369,75371,75373,75375,75377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75354,54],{"class":53},[47,75356,58],{"class":57},[47,75358,957],{"class":61},[47,75360,960],{"class":65},[47,75362,69],{"class":61},[47,75364,965],{"class":65},[47,75366,69],{"class":61},[47,75368,7669],{"class":65},[47,75370,69],{"class":61},[47,75372,50727],{"class":65},[47,75374,69],{"class":61},[47,75376,4956],{"class":65},[47,75378,1402],{"class":61},[47,75380,75381],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75382,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,75384,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395,75397,75399,75401],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75386,167],{"class":166},[47,75388,170],{"class":61},[47,75390,174],{"class":173},[47,75392,3773],{"class":61},[47,75394,66],{"class":65},[47,75396,2760],{"class":61},[47,75398,1210],{"class":65},[47,75400,20323],{"class":61},[47,75402,75403],{"class":1494},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[47,75405,75406,75408,75410,75412,75415,75417,75419],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,75407,167],{"class":166},[47,75409,170],{"class":61},[47,75411,174],{"class":173},[47,75413,75414],{"class":61},"[:",[47,75416,1937],{"class":65},[47,75418,20323],{"class":61},[47,75420,75421],{"class":1494},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[47,75423,75424,75426,75428,75430,75432,75434,75436],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,75425,167],{"class":166},[47,75427,170],{"class":61},[47,75429,174],{"class":173},[47,75431,74001],{"class":61},[47,75433,1931],{"class":65},[47,75435,20323],{"class":61},[47,75437,75438],{"class":1494},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[47,75440,75441,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,75442,167],{"class":166},[47,75444,170],{"class":61},[47,75446,174],{"class":173},[47,75448,74001],{"class":61},[47,75450,1896],{"class":57},[47,75452,66],{"class":65},[47,75454,20323],{"class":61},[47,75456,75457],{"class":1494},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75459,1967,75460,75463,75464,75466],{},[44,75461,75462],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[44,75465,75305],{}," value is not included.",[32,75468,75470],{"id":75469},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75472,75473],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75475,75476],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[37,75478,75480],{"className":39,"code":75479,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[44,75481,75482,75530,75534,75553],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,75483,75484,75486,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526,75528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75485,1118],{"class":53},[47,75487,58],{"class":57},[47,75489,957],{"class":61},[47,75491,126],{"class":125},[47,75493,21],{"class":129},[47,75495,126],{"class":125},[47,75497,69],{"class":61},[47,75499,136],{"class":125},[47,75501,139],{"class":129},[47,75503,126],{"class":125},[47,75505,69],{"class":61},[47,75507,136],{"class":125},[47,75509,148],{"class":129},[47,75511,126],{"class":125},[47,75513,69],{"class":61},[47,75515,136],{"class":125},[47,75517,18644],{"class":129},[47,75519,126],{"class":125},[47,75521,69],{"class":61},[47,75523,136],{"class":125},[47,75525,60328],{"class":129},[47,75527,126],{"class":125},[47,75529,1402],{"class":61},[47,75531,75532],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75533,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,75535,75536,75539,75541,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75537,75538],{"class":53},"part ",[47,75540,58],{"class":57},[47,75542,69975],{"class":53},[47,75544,3773],{"class":61},[47,75546,66],{"class":65},[47,75548,2760],{"class":61},[47,75550,1210],{"class":65},[47,75552,1402],{"class":61},[47,75554,75555,75557,75559,75562],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,75556,167],{"class":166},[47,75558,170],{"class":61},[47,75560,75561],{"class":173},"part",[47,75563,80],{"class":61},[14,75565,215],{},[37,75567,75569],{"className":39,"code":75568,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[44,75570,75571],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,75572,75573,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75574,3773],{"class":61},[47,75576,256],{"class":125},[47,75578,139],{"class":129},[47,75580,256],{"class":125},[47,75582,69],{"class":61},[47,75584,265],{"class":125},[47,75586,148],{"class":129},[47,75588,256],{"class":125},[47,75590,69],{"class":61},[47,75592,265],{"class":125},[47,75594,18644],{"class":129},[47,75596,256],{"class":125},[47,75598,1402],{"class":61},[14,75600,12932],{},[291,75602,75603,75606,75609,75615,75621],{},[294,75604,75605],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[294,75607,75608],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[294,75610,75611,75612],{},"Basic form: ",[44,75613,75614],{},"list[start:stop]",[294,75616,75617,75618,75620],{},"The item at ",[44,75619,75305],{}," is not included",[294,75622,75623],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75625,75626,75627,30],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[21,75628,75629],{"href":50863},"beginner guide to Python lists",[32,75631,75633],{"id":75632},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75635,75636],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[37,75638,75639],{"className":39,"code":75315,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,75640,75641],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,75642,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75644,8215],{"class":53},[47,75646,3773],{"class":61},[47,75648,35955],{"class":53},[47,75650,2760],{"class":61},[47,75652,75305],{"class":53},[47,75654,2760],{"class":61},[47,75656,75308],{"class":53},[47,75658,1402],{"class":61},[14,75660,64924],{},[291,75662,75663,75668,75673],{},[294,75664,75665,75667],{},[44,75666,35955],{}," is where slicing begins",[294,75669,75670,75672],{},[44,75671,75305],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[294,75674,75675,75677],{},[44,75676,75308],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75679,75680],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[291,75682,75683,75689,75694],{},[294,75684,75685,75686,75688],{},"Missing ",[44,75687,35955],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[294,75690,75685,75691,75693],{},[44,75692,75305],{}," means go to the end of the list",[294,75695,75685,75696,75698,75699],{},[44,75697,75308],{}," means use ",[44,75700,66],{},[14,75702,2083],{},[37,75704,75706],{"className":39,"code":75705,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[44,75707,75708,75736,75740,75761,75778,75796],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,75709,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75711,54],{"class":53},[47,75713,58],{"class":57},[47,75715,957],{"class":61},[47,75717,960],{"class":65},[47,75719,69],{"class":61},[47,75721,965],{"class":65},[47,75723,69],{"class":61},[47,75725,7669],{"class":65},[47,75727,69],{"class":61},[47,75729,50727],{"class":65},[47,75731,69],{"class":61},[47,75733,4956],{"class":65},[47,75735,1402],{"class":61},[47,75737,75738],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75739,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,75741,75742,75744,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75743,167],{"class":166},[47,75745,170],{"class":61},[47,75747,174],{"class":173},[47,75749,3773],{"class":61},[47,75751,66],{"class":65},[47,75753,2760],{"class":61},[47,75755,1210],{"class":65},[47,75757,20323],{"class":61},[47,75759,75760],{"class":1494},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[47,75762,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,75764,167],{"class":166},[47,75766,170],{"class":61},[47,75768,174],{"class":173},[47,75770,75414],{"class":61},[47,75772,1937],{"class":65},[47,75774,20323],{"class":61},[47,75776,75777],{"class":1494},"    # start from the beginning\n",[47,75779,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75793],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,75781,167],{"class":166},[47,75783,170],{"class":61},[47,75785,174],{"class":173},[47,75787,3773],{"class":61},[47,75789,1931],{"class":65},[47,75791,75792],{"class":61},":])",[47,75794,75795],{"class":1494},"    # go to the end\n",[47,75797,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808,75810],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,75799,167],{"class":166},[47,75801,170],{"class":61},[47,75803,174],{"class":173},[47,75805,74001],{"class":61},[47,75807,66],{"class":65},[47,75809,20323],{"class":61},[47,75811,75812],{"class":1494},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75814,215],{},[37,75816,75818],{"className":39,"code":75817,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[44,75819,75820,75836,75852,75868],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,75821,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75823,3773],{"class":61},[47,75825,15632],{"class":65},[47,75827,69],{"class":61},[47,75829,7669],{"class":65},[47,75831,69],{"class":61},[47,75833,50727],{"class":65},[47,75835,1402],{"class":61},[47,75837,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75839,3773],{"class":61},[47,75841,960],{"class":65},[47,75843,69],{"class":61},[47,75845,965],{"class":65},[47,75847,69],{"class":61},[47,75849,7669],{"class":65},[47,75851,1402],{"class":61},[47,75853,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75855,3773],{"class":61},[47,75857,36723],{"class":65},[47,75859,69],{"class":61},[47,75861,50727],{"class":65},[47,75863,69],{"class":61},[47,75865,4956],{"class":65},[47,75867,1402],{"class":61},[47,75869,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,75871,3773],{"class":61},[47,75873,960],{"class":65},[47,75875,69],{"class":61},[47,75877,965],{"class":65},[47,75879,69],{"class":61},[47,75881,7669],{"class":65},[47,75883,69],{"class":61},[47,75885,50727],{"class":65},[47,75887,69],{"class":61},[47,75889,4956],{"class":65},[47,75891,1402],{"class":61},[32,75893,75895],{"id":75894},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75897,75898],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[291,75900,75901,75910,75919,75930,75936],{},[294,75902,75903,75906,75907,5840],{},[44,75904,75905],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[44,75908,75909],{},"n",[294,75911,75912,75915,75916,75918],{},[44,75913,75914],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[44,75917,75909],{}," to the end",[294,75920,75921,75924,75925,75927,75928],{},[44,75922,75923],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[44,75926,21],{}," up to ",[44,75929,139],{},[294,75931,75932,75935],{},[44,75933,75934],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[294,75937,75938,75941],{},[44,75939,75940],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,75943,2083],{},[37,75945,75947],{"className":39,"code":75946,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[44,75948,75949,75982,75986,76003,76020,76041,76058],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,75950,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75980],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75952,54],{"class":53},[47,75954,58],{"class":57},[47,75956,957],{"class":61},[47,75958,960],{"class":65},[47,75960,69],{"class":61},[47,75962,965],{"class":65},[47,75964,69],{"class":61},[47,75966,7669],{"class":65},[47,75968,69],{"class":61},[47,75970,50727],{"class":65},[47,75972,69],{"class":61},[47,75974,4956],{"class":65},[47,75976,69],{"class":61},[47,75978,75979],{"class":65}," 60",[47,75981,1402],{"class":61},[47,75983,75984],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75985,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,75987,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75989,167],{"class":166},[47,75991,170],{"class":61},[47,75993,174],{"class":173},[47,75995,75414],{"class":61},[47,75997,1937],{"class":65},[47,75999,20323],{"class":61},[47,76001,76002],{"class":1494},"    # first 3 items\n",[47,76004,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,76006,167],{"class":166},[47,76008,170],{"class":61},[47,76010,174],{"class":173},[47,76012,3773],{"class":61},[47,76014,1937],{"class":65},[47,76016,75792],{"class":61},[47,76018,76019],{"class":1494},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[47,76021,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034,76036,76038],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,76023,167],{"class":166},[47,76025,170],{"class":61},[47,76027,174],{"class":173},[47,76029,3773],{"class":61},[47,76031,66],{"class":65},[47,76033,2760],{"class":61},[47,76035,104],{"class":65},[47,76037,20323],{"class":61},[47,76039,76040],{"class":1494},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[47,76042,76043,76045,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,76044,167],{"class":166},[47,76046,170],{"class":61},[47,76048,174],{"class":173},[47,76050,74001],{"class":61},[47,76052,1931],{"class":65},[47,76054,20323],{"class":61},[47,76056,76057],{"class":1494},"   # every second item\n",[47,76059,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,76061,167],{"class":166},[47,76063,170],{"class":61},[47,76065,174],{"class":173},[47,76067,74001],{"class":61},[47,76069,1896],{"class":57},[47,76071,66],{"class":65},[47,76073,20323],{"class":61},[47,76075,76076],{"class":1494},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76078,215],{},[37,76080,76082],{"className":39,"code":76081,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[44,76083,76084,76100,76116,76136,76152],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76085,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76087,3773],{"class":61},[47,76089,960],{"class":65},[47,76091,69],{"class":61},[47,76093,965],{"class":65},[47,76095,69],{"class":61},[47,76097,7669],{"class":65},[47,76099,1402],{"class":61},[47,76101,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76103,3773],{"class":61},[47,76105,56576],{"class":65},[47,76107,69],{"class":61},[47,76109,4956],{"class":65},[47,76111,69],{"class":61},[47,76113,75979],{"class":65},[47,76115,1402],{"class":61},[47,76117,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76119,3773],{"class":61},[47,76121,15632],{"class":65},[47,76123,69],{"class":61},[47,76125,7669],{"class":65},[47,76127,69],{"class":61},[47,76129,50727],{"class":65},[47,76131,69],{"class":61},[47,76133,4956],{"class":65},[47,76135,1402],{"class":61},[47,76137,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,76139,3773],{"class":61},[47,76141,960],{"class":65},[47,76143,69],{"class":61},[47,76145,7669],{"class":65},[47,76147,69],{"class":61},[47,76149,4956],{"class":65},[47,76151,1402],{"class":61},[47,76153,76154,76156,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,76155,3773],{"class":61},[47,76157,76158],{"class":65},"60",[47,76160,69],{"class":61},[47,76162,4956],{"class":65},[47,76164,69],{"class":61},[47,76166,50727],{"class":65},[47,76168,69],{"class":61},[47,76170,7669],{"class":65},[47,76172,69],{"class":61},[47,76174,965],{"class":65},[47,76176,69],{"class":61},[47,76178,5879],{"class":65},[47,76180,1402],{"class":61},[14,76182,76183,76184,30],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[21,76185,14767],{"href":57102},[32,76187,76189],{"id":76188},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76191,76192],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76194,5346],{},[291,76196,76197,76203],{},[294,76198,76199,76202],{},[44,76200,76201],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[294,76204,76205,76208],{},[44,76206,76207],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76210,76211],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[37,76213,76215],{"className":39,"code":76214,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[44,76216,76217,76265,76269,76288,76307],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76218,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76220,1118],{"class":53},[47,76222,58],{"class":57},[47,76224,957],{"class":61},[47,76226,126],{"class":125},[47,76228,21],{"class":129},[47,76230,126],{"class":125},[47,76232,69],{"class":61},[47,76234,136],{"class":125},[47,76236,139],{"class":129},[47,76238,126],{"class":125},[47,76240,69],{"class":61},[47,76242,136],{"class":125},[47,76244,148],{"class":129},[47,76246,126],{"class":125},[47,76248,69],{"class":61},[47,76250,136],{"class":125},[47,76252,18644],{"class":129},[47,76254,126],{"class":125},[47,76256,69],{"class":61},[47,76258,136],{"class":125},[47,76260,60328],{"class":129},[47,76262,126],{"class":125},[47,76264,1402],{"class":61},[47,76266,76267],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76268,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,76270,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76272,167],{"class":166},[47,76274,170],{"class":61},[47,76276,1142],{"class":173},[47,76278,3773],{"class":61},[47,76280,1896],{"class":57},[47,76282,66],{"class":65},[47,76284,20323],{"class":61},[47,76286,76287],{"class":1494},"    # last item\n",[47,76289,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,76291,167],{"class":166},[47,76293,170],{"class":61},[47,76295,1142],{"class":173},[47,76297,3773],{"class":61},[47,76299,1896],{"class":57},[47,76301,1937],{"class":65},[47,76303,75792],{"class":61},[47,76305,76306],{"class":1494},"   # last 3 items\n",[47,76308,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,76310,167],{"class":166},[47,76312,170],{"class":61},[47,76314,1142],{"class":173},[47,76316,75414],{"class":61},[47,76318,1896],{"class":57},[47,76320,66],{"class":65},[47,76322,20323],{"class":61},[47,76324,76325],{"class":1494},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76327,215],{},[37,76329,76331],{"className":39,"code":76330,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[44,76332,76333,76338,76366],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76334,76335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76336,76337],{"class":53},"e\n",[47,76339,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76341,3773],{"class":61},[47,76343,256],{"class":125},[47,76345,148],{"class":129},[47,76347,256],{"class":125},[47,76349,69],{"class":61},[47,76351,265],{"class":125},[47,76353,18644],{"class":129},[47,76355,256],{"class":125},[47,76357,69],{"class":61},[47,76359,265],{"class":125},[47,76361,60328],{"class":129},[47,76363,256],{"class":125},[47,76365,1402],{"class":61},[47,76367,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76369,3773],{"class":61},[47,76371,256],{"class":125},[47,76373,21],{"class":129},[47,76375,256],{"class":125},[47,76377,69],{"class":61},[47,76379,265],{"class":125},[47,76381,139],{"class":129},[47,76383,256],{"class":125},[47,76385,69],{"class":61},[47,76387,265],{"class":125},[47,76389,148],{"class":129},[47,76391,256],{"class":125},[47,76393,69],{"class":61},[47,76395,265],{"class":125},[47,76397,18644],{"class":129},[47,76399,256],{"class":125},[47,76401,1402],{"class":61},[14,76403,12932],{},[291,76405,76406,76409,76413,76419,76425],{},[294,76407,76408],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[294,76410,76411,76202],{},[44,76412,76201],{},[294,76414,76415,76418],{},[44,76416,76417],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[294,76420,76421,76424],{},[44,76422,76423],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[294,76426,76427,76428,4267,76430],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[44,76429,35955],{},[44,76431,75305],{},[32,76433,76435],{"id":76434},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76437,1854,76438,76440],{},[44,76439,75308],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[291,76442,76443,76446,76449,76454,76464],{},[294,76444,76445],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[294,76447,76448],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[294,76450,76451,76453],{},[44,76452,75940],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[294,76455,8753,76456,76458,76459,76461,76462],{},[44,76457,75308],{}," is negative, ",[44,76460,35955],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[44,76463,75305],{},[294,76465,76466,76468,76469],{},[44,76467,75308],{}," cannot be ",[44,76470,1237],{},[14,76472,76473],{},"Example with different step values:",[37,76475,76477],{"className":39,"code":76476,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[44,76478,76479,76511,76515,76532,76554,76573],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76480,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76482,54],{"class":53},[47,76484,58],{"class":57},[47,76486,957],{"class":61},[47,76488,960],{"class":65},[47,76490,69],{"class":61},[47,76492,965],{"class":65},[47,76494,69],{"class":61},[47,76496,7669],{"class":65},[47,76498,69],{"class":61},[47,76500,50727],{"class":65},[47,76502,69],{"class":61},[47,76504,4956],{"class":65},[47,76506,69],{"class":61},[47,76508,75979],{"class":65},[47,76510,1402],{"class":61},[47,76512,76513],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76514,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,76516,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76518,167],{"class":166},[47,76520,170],{"class":61},[47,76522,174],{"class":173},[47,76524,74001],{"class":61},[47,76526,1931],{"class":65},[47,76528,20323],{"class":61},[47,76530,76531],{"class":1494},"     # every second item\n",[47,76533,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76547,76549,76551],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,76535,167],{"class":166},[47,76537,170],{"class":61},[47,76539,174],{"class":173},[47,76541,3773],{"class":61},[47,76543,66],{"class":65},[47,76545,76546],{"class":61},"::",[47,76548,1931],{"class":65},[47,76550,20323],{"class":61},[47,76552,76553],{"class":1494},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[47,76555,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,76557,167],{"class":166},[47,76559,170],{"class":61},[47,76561,174],{"class":173},[47,76563,74001],{"class":61},[47,76565,1896],{"class":57},[47,76567,66],{"class":65},[47,76569,20323],{"class":61},[47,76571,76572],{"class":1494},"    # reverse the list\n",[47,76574,76575,76577,76579,76581,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,76576,167],{"class":166},[47,76578,170],{"class":61},[47,76580,174],{"class":173},[47,76582,3773],{"class":61},[47,76584,1210],{"class":65},[47,76586,2760],{"class":61},[47,76588,66],{"class":65},[47,76590,2760],{"class":61},[47,76592,1896],{"class":57},[47,76594,66],{"class":65},[47,76596,20323],{"class":61},[47,76598,76599],{"class":1494},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76601,215],{},[37,76603,76605],{"className":39,"code":76604,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[44,76606,76607,76623,76639,76667],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76608,76609,76611,76613,76615,76617,76619,76621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76610,3773],{"class":61},[47,76612,960],{"class":65},[47,76614,69],{"class":61},[47,76616,7669],{"class":65},[47,76618,69],{"class":61},[47,76620,4956],{"class":65},[47,76622,1402],{"class":61},[47,76624,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76626,3773],{"class":61},[47,76628,15632],{"class":65},[47,76630,69],{"class":61},[47,76632,50727],{"class":65},[47,76634,69],{"class":61},[47,76636,75979],{"class":65},[47,76638,1402],{"class":61},[47,76640,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76642,3773],{"class":61},[47,76644,76158],{"class":65},[47,76646,69],{"class":61},[47,76648,4956],{"class":65},[47,76650,69],{"class":61},[47,76652,50727],{"class":65},[47,76654,69],{"class":61},[47,76656,7669],{"class":65},[47,76658,69],{"class":61},[47,76660,965],{"class":65},[47,76662,69],{"class":61},[47,76664,5879],{"class":65},[47,76666,1402],{"class":61},[47,76668,76669,76671,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,76670,3773],{"class":61},[47,76672,76673],{"class":65},"50",[47,76675,69],{"class":61},[47,76677,50727],{"class":65},[47,76679,69],{"class":61},[47,76681,7669],{"class":65},[47,76683,1402],{"class":61},[14,76685,76686,76687,30],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[21,76688,76689],{"href":74685},"how to reverse a list in Python",[773,76691,76693],{"id":76692},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76695,2712],{},[37,76697,76699],{"className":39,"code":76698,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[44,76700,76701,76721],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76702,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76704,54],{"class":53},[47,76706,58],{"class":57},[47,76708,957],{"class":61},[47,76710,66],{"class":65},[47,76712,69],{"class":61},[47,76714,72],{"class":65},[47,76716,69],{"class":61},[47,76718,77],{"class":65},[47,76720,1402],{"class":61},[47,76722,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76724,167],{"class":166},[47,76726,170],{"class":61},[47,76728,174],{"class":173},[47,76730,74001],{"class":61},[47,76732,1237],{"class":65},[47,76734,153],{"class":61},[14,76736,76737,76738,76740,76741,76743],{},"Python raises a ",[44,76739,40585],{}," because a slice step of ",[44,76742,1237],{}," does not make sense.",[32,76745,76747],{"id":76746},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76749,76750],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[773,76752,76754],{"id":76753},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[37,76756,76758],{"className":39,"code":76757,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[44,76759,76760,76784,76788],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76761,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76763,54],{"class":53},[47,76765,58],{"class":57},[47,76767,957],{"class":61},[47,76769,960],{"class":65},[47,76771,69],{"class":61},[47,76773,965],{"class":65},[47,76775,69],{"class":61},[47,76777,7669],{"class":65},[47,76779,69],{"class":61},[47,76781,50727],{"class":65},[47,76783,1402],{"class":61},[47,76785,76786],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76787,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,76789,76790,76792,76794,76796,76798,76800],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76791,167],{"class":166},[47,76793,170],{"class":61},[47,76795,174],{"class":173},[47,76797,3773],{"class":61},[47,76799,1931],{"class":65},[47,76801,153],{"class":61},[14,76803,215],{},[37,76805,76806],{"className":39,"code":69719,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,76807,76808],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76809,76810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76811,69719],{"class":65},[773,76813,76815],{"id":76814},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[37,76817,76819],{"className":39,"code":76818,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[44,76820,76821,76845,76849],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76822,76823,76825,76827,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76824,54],{"class":53},[47,76826,58],{"class":57},[47,76828,957],{"class":61},[47,76830,960],{"class":65},[47,76832,69],{"class":61},[47,76834,965],{"class":65},[47,76836,69],{"class":61},[47,76838,7669],{"class":65},[47,76840,69],{"class":61},[47,76842,50727],{"class":65},[47,76844,1402],{"class":61},[47,76846,76847],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76848,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,76850,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863,76865],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76852,167],{"class":166},[47,76854,170],{"class":61},[47,76856,174],{"class":173},[47,76858,3773],{"class":61},[47,76860,1931],{"class":65},[47,76862,2760],{"class":61},[47,76864,1937],{"class":65},[47,76866,153],{"class":61},[14,76868,215],{},[37,76870,76872],{"className":39,"code":76871,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[30]\n",[44,76873,76874],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76875,76876,76878,76880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76877,3773],{"class":61},[47,76879,36723],{"class":65},[47,76881,1402],{"class":61},[14,76883,13641],{},[291,76885,76886,76892],{},[294,76887,76888,76891],{},[44,76889,76890],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[294,76893,76894,76897],{},[44,76895,76896],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,76899,76900],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[291,76902,76903,76906],{},[294,76904,76905],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[294,76907,76908],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,76910,2083],{},[37,76912,76914],{"className":39,"code":76913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[44,76915,76916,76936,76940],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76917,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76919,54],{"class":53},[47,76921,58],{"class":57},[47,76923,957],{"class":61},[47,76925,960],{"class":65},[47,76927,69],{"class":61},[47,76929,965],{"class":65},[47,76931,69],{"class":61},[47,76933,7669],{"class":65},[47,76935,1402],{"class":61},[47,76937,76938],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76939,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,76941,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76943,167],{"class":166},[47,76945,170],{"class":61},[47,76947,174],{"class":173},[47,76949,3773],{"class":61},[47,76951,104],{"class":65},[47,76953,2760],{"class":61},[47,76955,960],{"class":65},[47,76957,153],{"class":61},[14,76959,215],{},[37,76961,76962],{"className":39,"code":38178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,76963,76964],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76965,76966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76967,38178],{"class":61},[14,76969,76970],{},"But this would raise an error:",[37,76972,76974],{"className":39,"code":76973,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[44,76975,76976,76996,77000],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,76977,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76979,54],{"class":53},[47,76981,58],{"class":57},[47,76983,957],{"class":61},[47,76985,960],{"class":65},[47,76987,69],{"class":61},[47,76989,965],{"class":65},[47,76991,69],{"class":61},[47,76993,7669],{"class":65},[47,76995,1402],{"class":61},[47,76997,76998],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76999,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,77001,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77003,167],{"class":166},[47,77005,170],{"class":61},[47,77007,174],{"class":173},[47,77009,3773],{"class":61},[47,77011,104],{"class":65},[47,77013,153],{"class":61},[14,77015,77016,77017,30],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[21,77018,69138],{"href":69137},[32,77020,15054],{"id":77021},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,77023,77024],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[291,77026,77027,77031,77033,77036,77042],{},[294,77028,4579,77029,75620],{},[44,77030,75305],{},[294,77032,60573],{},[294,77034,77035],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[294,77037,1502,77038,8582,77040],{},[44,77039,75940],{},[44,77041,73405],{},[294,77043,77044,77045,77047],{},"Using step ",[44,77046,1237],{},", which causes an error",[773,77049,77051],{"id":77050},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[37,77053,77055],{"className":39,"code":77054,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[44,77056,77057,77085],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77058,77059,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77060,54],{"class":53},[47,77062,58],{"class":57},[47,77064,957],{"class":61},[47,77066,960],{"class":65},[47,77068,69],{"class":61},[47,77070,965],{"class":65},[47,77072,69],{"class":61},[47,77074,7669],{"class":65},[47,77076,69],{"class":61},[47,77078,50727],{"class":65},[47,77080,69],{"class":61},[47,77082,4956],{"class":65},[47,77084,1402],{"class":61},[47,77086,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095,77097,77099,77101],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77088,167],{"class":166},[47,77090,170],{"class":61},[47,77092,174],{"class":173},[47,77094,3773],{"class":61},[47,77096,66],{"class":65},[47,77098,2760],{"class":61},[47,77100,1210],{"class":65},[47,77102,153],{"class":61},[14,77104,77105],{},"This returns:",[37,77107,77109],{"className":39,"code":77108,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[44,77110,77111],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77112,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77114,3773],{"class":61},[47,77116,15632],{"class":65},[47,77118,69],{"class":61},[47,77120,7669],{"class":65},[47,77122,69],{"class":61},[47,77124,50727],{"class":65},[47,77126,1402],{"class":61},[14,77128,40787,77129,77131,77132,77134,77135,30],{},[575,77130,577],{}," include ",[44,77133,76673],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[44,77136,1210],{},[773,77138,77140],{"id":77139},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77142,744],{},[37,77144,77146],{"className":39,"code":77145,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[44,77147,77148,77168],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77149,77150,77152,77154,77156,77158,77160,77162,77164,77166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77151,54],{"class":53},[47,77153,58],{"class":57},[47,77155,957],{"class":61},[47,77157,960],{"class":65},[47,77159,69],{"class":61},[47,77161,965],{"class":65},[47,77163,69],{"class":61},[47,77165,7669],{"class":65},[47,77167,1402],{"class":61},[47,77169,77170],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77171,77172],{"class":1494},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77174,77175],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[37,77177,77179],{"className":39,"code":77178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[44,77180,77181],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77182,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195,77197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77184,167],{"class":166},[47,77186,170],{"class":61},[47,77188,174],{"class":173},[47,77190,3773],{"class":61},[47,77192,66],{"class":65},[47,77194,2760],{"class":61},[47,77196,1937],{"class":65},[47,77198,153],{"class":61},[773,77200,77202],{"id":77201},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77204,77205],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[37,77207,77209],{"className":39,"code":77208,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,77210,77211,77235,77249,77253,77263],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77212,77213,77215,77217,77219,77221,77223,77225,77227,77229,77231,77233],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77214,54],{"class":53},[47,77216,58],{"class":57},[47,77218,957],{"class":61},[47,77220,960],{"class":65},[47,77222,69],{"class":61},[47,77224,965],{"class":65},[47,77226,69],{"class":61},[47,77228,7669],{"class":65},[47,77230,69],{"class":61},[47,77232,50727],{"class":65},[47,77234,1402],{"class":61},[47,77236,77237,77239,77241,77243,77245,77247],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77238,75538],{"class":53},[47,77240,58],{"class":57},[47,77242,4136],{"class":53},[47,77244,75414],{"class":61},[47,77246,1931],{"class":65},[47,77248,1402],{"class":61},[47,77250,77251],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77252,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,77254,77255,77257,77259,77261],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,77256,167],{"class":166},[47,77258,170],{"class":61},[47,77260,75561],{"class":173},[47,77262,80],{"class":61},[47,77264,77265,77267,77269,77271],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,77266,167],{"class":166},[47,77268,170],{"class":61},[47,77270,174],{"class":173},[47,77272,80],{"class":61},[14,77274,215],{},[37,77276,77278],{"className":39,"code":77277,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[44,77279,77280,77292],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77281,77282,77284,77286,77288,77290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77283,3773],{"class":61},[47,77285,960],{"class":65},[47,77287,69],{"class":61},[47,77289,965],{"class":65},[47,77291,1402],{"class":61},[47,77293,77294,77296,77298,77300,77302,77304,77306,77308,77310],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77295,3773],{"class":61},[47,77297,960],{"class":65},[47,77299,69],{"class":61},[47,77301,965],{"class":65},[47,77303,69],{"class":61},[47,77305,7669],{"class":65},[47,77307,69],{"class":61},[47,77309,50727],{"class":65},[47,77311,1402],{"class":61},[14,77313,77314],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[773,77316,77318,77319,8582,77321],{"id":77317},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[44,77320,75940],{},[44,77322,73405],{},[37,77324,77326],{"className":39,"code":77325,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,77327,77328,77348,77352,77369,77380],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77329,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77331,54],{"class":53},[47,77333,58],{"class":57},[47,77335,957],{"class":61},[47,77337,960],{"class":65},[47,77339,69],{"class":61},[47,77341,965],{"class":65},[47,77343,69],{"class":61},[47,77345,7669],{"class":65},[47,77347,1402],{"class":61},[47,77349,77350],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77351,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,77353,77354,77357,77359,77361,77363,77365,77367],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77355,77356],{"class":53},"reversed_copy ",[47,77358,58],{"class":57},[47,77360,4136],{"class":53},[47,77362,74001],{"class":61},[47,77364,1896],{"class":57},[47,77366,66],{"class":65},[47,77368,1402],{"class":61},[47,77370,77371,77373,77375,77378],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,77372,167],{"class":166},[47,77374,170],{"class":61},[47,77376,77377],{"class":173},"reversed_copy",[47,77379,80],{"class":61},[47,77381,77382,77384,77386,77388],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,77383,167],{"class":166},[47,77385,170],{"class":61},[47,77387,174],{"class":173},[47,77389,80],{"class":61},[14,77391,215],{},[37,77393,77395],{"className":39,"code":77394,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[44,77396,77397,77413],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77398,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77400,3773],{"class":61},[47,77402,36723],{"class":65},[47,77404,69],{"class":61},[47,77406,965],{"class":65},[47,77408,69],{"class":61},[47,77410,5879],{"class":65},[47,77412,1402],{"class":61},[47,77414,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77416,3773],{"class":61},[47,77418,960],{"class":65},[47,77420,69],{"class":61},[47,77422,965],{"class":65},[47,77424,69],{"class":61},[47,77426,7669],{"class":65},[47,77428,1402],{"class":61},[14,77430,77431,77434],{},[44,77432,77433],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77436,77437,77438,77441],{},"By contrast, ",[44,77439,77440],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[773,77443,77445],{"id":77444},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77447,77448],{},"This is not allowed:",[37,77450,77452],{"className":39,"code":77451,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[44,77453,77454,77474],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77455,77456,77458,77460,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470,77472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77457,54],{"class":53},[47,77459,58],{"class":57},[47,77461,957],{"class":61},[47,77463,960],{"class":65},[47,77465,69],{"class":61},[47,77467,965],{"class":65},[47,77469,69],{"class":61},[47,77471,7669],{"class":65},[47,77473,1402],{"class":61},[47,77475,77476],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77477,77478],{"class":1494},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77480,77481,77482,30],{},"Python will raise a ",[44,77483,40585],{},[32,77485,77487],{"id":77486},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77489,77490],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[291,77492,77493,77500,77506,77509,77512],{},[294,77494,1502,77495,4267,77497,77499],{},[44,77496,35955],{},[44,77498,75305],{}," positions",[294,77501,77502,77503,77505],{},"Assuming the ",[44,77504,75305],{}," index is included",[294,77507,77508],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[294,77510,77511],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[294,77513,77514],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77516,77517],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[37,77519,77521],{"className":39,"code":77520,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[44,77522,77523,77533,77547,77565,77579,77596],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77524,77525,77527,77529,77531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77526,167],{"class":166},[47,77528,170],{"class":61},[47,77530,8215],{"class":173},[47,77532,80],{"class":61},[47,77534,77535,77537,77539,77541,77543,77545],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77536,167],{"class":166},[47,77538,170],{"class":61},[47,77540,1698],{"class":166},[47,77542,170],{"class":61},[47,77544,8215],{"class":173},[47,77546,506],{"class":61},[47,77548,77549,77551,77553,77555,77557,77559,77561,77563],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77550,167],{"class":166},[47,77552,170],{"class":61},[47,77554,8215],{"class":173},[47,77556,3773],{"class":61},[47,77558,66],{"class":65},[47,77560,2760],{"class":61},[47,77562,1210],{"class":65},[47,77564,153],{"class":61},[47,77566,77567,77569,77571,77573,77575,77577],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,77568,167],{"class":166},[47,77570,170],{"class":61},[47,77572,8215],{"class":173},[47,77574,75414],{"class":61},[47,77576,1937],{"class":65},[47,77578,153],{"class":61},[47,77580,77581,77583,77585,77587,77589,77591,77593],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,77582,167],{"class":166},[47,77584,170],{"class":61},[47,77586,8215],{"class":173},[47,77588,3773],{"class":61},[47,77590,1896],{"class":57},[47,77592,1937],{"class":65},[47,77594,77595],{"class":61},":])\n",[47,77597,77598,77600,77602,77604,77606,77608,77610],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,77599,167],{"class":166},[47,77601,170],{"class":61},[47,77603,8215],{"class":173},[47,77605,74001],{"class":61},[47,77607,1896],{"class":57},[47,77609,66],{"class":65},[47,77611,153],{"class":61},[14,77613,8294,77614,77616,77617,77621],{},[44,77615,42242],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[21,77618,77620],{"href":77619},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[32,77623,1708],{"id":1707},[773,77625,77627],{"id":77626},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77629,77630],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[773,77632,77634],{"id":77633},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77636,77637],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[773,77639,1744,77641,39841],{"id":77640},"what-does-list-1-do",[44,77642,75940],{},[14,77644,77645],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[773,77647,77649,77650,2368],{"id":77648},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[44,77651,70610],{},[14,77653,77654],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[32,77656,1758],{"id":1757},[291,77658,77659,77664,77669,77673,77677,77681],{},[294,77660,77661],{},[21,77662,77663],{"href":50863},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[294,77665,77666],{},[21,77667,77668],{"href":562},"How to create a list in Python",[294,77670,77671],{},[21,77672,14844],{"href":57102},[294,77674,77675],{},[21,77676,74686],{"href":74685},[294,77678,77679],{},[21,77680,77620],{"href":77619},[294,77682,77683],{},[21,77684,69138],{"href":69137},[14,77686,77687,77688,77690],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[44,77689,42242],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1796,77692,77693],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":77695},[77696,77697,77698,77699,77700,77701,77704,77708,77716,77717,77725],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":75469,"depth":83,"text":75470},{"id":75632,"depth":83,"text":75633},{"id":75894,"depth":83,"text":75895},{"id":76188,"depth":83,"text":76189},{"id":76434,"depth":83,"text":76435,"children":77702},[77703],{"id":76692,"depth":94,"text":76693},{"id":76746,"depth":83,"text":76747,"children":77705},[77706,77707],{"id":76753,"depth":94,"text":76754},{"id":76814,"depth":94,"text":76815},{"id":77021,"depth":83,"text":15054,"children":77709},[77710,77711,77712,77713,77715],{"id":77050,"depth":94,"text":77051},{"id":77139,"depth":94,"text":77140},{"id":77201,"depth":94,"text":77202},{"id":77317,"depth":94,"text":77714},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77444,"depth":94,"text":77445},{"id":77486,"depth":83,"text":77487},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":77718},[77719,77720,77721,77723],{"id":77626,"depth":94,"text":77627},{"id":77633,"depth":94,"text":77634},{"id":77640,"depth":94,"text":77722},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77648,"depth":94,"text":77724},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75292,"description":77726},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77733,"title":77734,"body":77735,"description":79804,"extension":1837,"meta":79805,"navigation":159,"path":79806,"seo":79807,"stem":79808,"__hash__":79809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77736,"toc":79770},[77737,77742,77748,77754,77756,77803,77810,77815,77819,77834,77837,77890,77892,77917,77922,77924,77956,77959,77975,77977,78038,78040,78065,78069,78074,78127,78129,78154,78159,78220,78222,78247,78250,78257,78261,78264,78325,78327,78360,78363,78424,78426,78459,78465,78538,78540,78572,78579,78584,78589,78591,78603,78606,78684,78686,78727,78730,78804,78806,78839,78844,78851,78858,78862,78871,78875,78883,78885,78952,78954,78990,78995,79006,79008,79013,79018,79020,79083,79085,79110,79117,79122,79126,79129,79169,79174,79180,79185,79187,79214,79219,79222,79269,79271,79328,79335,79340,79346,79415,79419,79422,79485,79487,79520,79525,79527,79530,79611,79613,79637,79643,79645,79650,79654,79661,79669,79673,79675,79698,79702,79704,79731,79734,79741,79744,79746,79767],[10,77738,54227,77740,11199],{"id":77739},"python-list-sort-method",[44,77741,64191],{},[14,77743,77744,77747],{},[44,77745,77746],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77749,77750,77751,77753],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[44,77752,64191],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[32,77755,35],{"id":34},[37,77757,77759],{"className":39,"code":77758,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,77760,77761,77781,77791],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77762,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777,77779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77764,54],{"class":53},[47,77766,58],{"class":57},[47,77768,957],{"class":61},[47,77770,1937],{"class":65},[47,77772,69],{"class":61},[47,77774,1242],{"class":65},[47,77776,69],{"class":61},[47,77778,72],{"class":65},[47,77780,1402],{"class":61},[47,77782,77783,77785,77787,77789],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77784,174],{"class":53},[47,77786,30],{"class":61},[47,77788,34680],{"class":173},[47,77790,241],{"class":61},[47,77792,77793,77795,77797,77799,77801],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77794,167],{"class":166},[47,77796,170],{"class":61},[47,77798,174],{"class":173},[47,77800,3533],{"class":61},[47,77802,54817],{"class":1494},[14,77804,1967,77805,77807,77808,30],{},[44,77806,77746],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[44,77809,3652],{},[32,77811,3550,77813,3553],{"id":77812},"what-listsort-does",[44,77814,77746],{},[14,77816,77817,2760],{},[44,77818,77746],{},[291,77820,77821,77824,77827,77831],{},[294,77822,77823],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[294,77825,77826],{},"Changes the original list",[294,77828,11301,77829],{},[44,77830,3652],{},[294,77832,77833],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77835,77836],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[37,77838,77840],{"className":39,"code":77839,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,77841,77842,77866,77876,77880],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77843,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77845,54],{"class":53},[47,77847,58],{"class":57},[47,77849,957],{"class":61},[47,77851,104],{"class":65},[47,77853,69],{"class":61},[47,77855,72],{"class":65},[47,77857,69],{"class":61},[47,77859,54021],{"class":65},[47,77861,69],{"class":61},[47,77863,1242],{"class":65},[47,77865,1402],{"class":61},[47,77867,77868,77870,77872,77874],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77869,174],{"class":53},[47,77871,30],{"class":61},[47,77873,34680],{"class":173},[47,77875,241],{"class":61},[47,77877,77878],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77879,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,77881,77882,77884,77886,77888],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,77883,167],{"class":166},[47,77885,170],{"class":61},[47,77887,174],{"class":173},[47,77889,80],{"class":61},[14,77891,215],{},[37,77893,77895],{"className":39,"code":77894,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[44,77896,77897],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77898,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911,77913,77915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77900,3773],{"class":61},[47,77902,66],{"class":65},[47,77904,69],{"class":61},[47,77906,72],{"class":65},[47,77908,69],{"class":61},[47,77910,4480],{"class":65},[47,77912,69],{"class":61},[47,77914,54021],{"class":65},[47,77916,1402],{"class":61},[14,77918,77919,77920,30],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[21,77921,66956],{"href":50863},[32,77923,2032],{"id":2031},[37,77925,77927],{"className":39,"code":77926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[44,77928,77929],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77930,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939,77941,77943,77945,77947,77950,77952,77954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77932,8215],{"class":53},[47,77934,30],{"class":61},[47,77936,34680],{"class":173},[47,77938,170],{"class":61},[47,77940,14720],{"class":9053},[47,77942,58],{"class":57},[47,77944,3652],{"class":412},[47,77946,69],{"class":61},[47,77948,77949],{"class":9053}," reverse",[47,77951,58],{"class":57},[47,77953,3546],{"class":412},[47,77955,80],{"class":61},[14,77957,77958],{},"Main arguments:",[291,77960,77961,77966,77972],{},[294,77962,77963,77965],{},[44,77964,14720],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[294,77967,77968,77971],{},[44,77969,77970],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[294,77973,77974],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,77976,2083],{},[37,77978,77980],{"className":39,"code":77979,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,77981,77982,78006,78024,78028],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,77983,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77985,54],{"class":53},[47,77987,58],{"class":57},[47,77989,957],{"class":61},[47,77991,1210],{"class":65},[47,77993,69],{"class":61},[47,77995,1242],{"class":65},[47,77997,69],{"class":61},[47,77999,5868],{"class":65},[47,78001,69],{"class":61},[47,78003,72],{"class":65},[47,78005,1402],{"class":61},[47,78007,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,78009,174],{"class":53},[47,78011,30],{"class":61},[47,78013,34680],{"class":173},[47,78015,170],{"class":61},[47,78017,73456],{"class":9053},[47,78019,58],{"class":57},[47,78021,3477],{"class":412},[47,78023,80],{"class":61},[47,78025,78026],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78027,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,78029,78030,78032,78034,78036],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78031,167],{"class":166},[47,78033,170],{"class":61},[47,78035,174],{"class":173},[47,78037,80],{"class":61},[14,78039,215],{},[37,78041,78043],{"className":39,"code":78042,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[44,78044,78045],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78046,78047,78049,78051,78053,78055,78057,78059,78061,78063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78048,3773],{"class":61},[47,78050,1899],{"class":65},[47,78052,69],{"class":61},[47,78054,2333],{"class":65},[47,78056,69],{"class":61},[47,78058,72],{"class":65},[47,78060,69],{"class":61},[47,78062,1242],{"class":65},[47,78064,1402],{"class":61},[32,78066,78068],{"id":78067},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78070,1967,78071,78073],{},[44,78072,64191],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[37,78075,78077],{"className":39,"code":78076,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,78078,78079,78103,78113,78117],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78080,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78082,54],{"class":53},[47,78084,58],{"class":57},[47,78086,957],{"class":61},[47,78088,960],{"class":65},[47,78090,69],{"class":61},[47,78092,77],{"class":65},[47,78094,69],{"class":61},[47,78096,6234],{"class":65},[47,78098,69],{"class":61},[47,78100,1242],{"class":65},[47,78102,1402],{"class":61},[47,78104,78105,78107,78109,78111],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,78106,174],{"class":53},[47,78108,30],{"class":61},[47,78110,34680],{"class":173},[47,78112,241],{"class":61},[47,78114,78115],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78116,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,78118,78119,78121,78123,78125],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78120,167],{"class":166},[47,78122,170],{"class":61},[47,78124,174],{"class":173},[47,78126,80],{"class":61},[14,78128,215],{},[37,78130,78132],{"className":39,"code":78131,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[44,78133,78134],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78135,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78137,3773],{"class":61},[47,78139,66],{"class":65},[47,78141,69],{"class":61},[47,78143,77],{"class":65},[47,78145,69],{"class":61},[47,78147,6234],{"class":65},[47,78149,69],{"class":61},[47,78151,5879],{"class":65},[47,78153,1402],{"class":61},[14,78155,1967,78156,78158],{},[44,78157,77970],{}," for descending order:",[37,78160,78162],{"className":39,"code":78161,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,78163,78164,78188,78206,78210],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78165,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78167,54],{"class":53},[47,78169,58],{"class":57},[47,78171,957],{"class":61},[47,78173,960],{"class":65},[47,78175,69],{"class":61},[47,78177,77],{"class":65},[47,78179,69],{"class":61},[47,78181,6234],{"class":65},[47,78183,69],{"class":61},[47,78185,1242],{"class":65},[47,78187,1402],{"class":61},[47,78189,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,78191,174],{"class":53},[47,78193,30],{"class":61},[47,78195,34680],{"class":173},[47,78197,170],{"class":61},[47,78199,73456],{"class":9053},[47,78201,58],{"class":57},[47,78203,3477],{"class":412},[47,78205,80],{"class":61},[47,78207,78208],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78209,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,78211,78212,78214,78216,78218],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78213,167],{"class":166},[47,78215,170],{"class":61},[47,78217,174],{"class":173},[47,78219,80],{"class":61},[14,78221,215],{},[37,78223,78225],{"className":39,"code":78224,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[44,78226,78227],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78228,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78230,3773],{"class":61},[47,78232,960],{"class":65},[47,78234,69],{"class":61},[47,78236,6234],{"class":65},[47,78238,69],{"class":61},[47,78240,77],{"class":65},[47,78242,69],{"class":61},[47,78244,1242],{"class":65},[47,78246,1402],{"class":61},[14,78248,78249],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78251,78252,78253,30],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[21,78254,78256],{"href":78255},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[32,78258,78260],{"id":78259},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78262,78263],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[37,78265,78267],{"className":39,"code":78266,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[44,78268,78269,78301,78311,78315],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78270,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78272,3943],{"class":53},[47,78274,58],{"class":57},[47,78276,957],{"class":61},[47,78278,126],{"class":125},[47,78280,3960],{"class":129},[47,78282,126],{"class":125},[47,78284,69],{"class":61},[47,78286,136],{"class":125},[47,78288,405],{"class":129},[47,78290,126],{"class":125},[47,78292,69],{"class":61},[47,78294,136],{"class":125},[47,78296,3969],{"class":129},[47,78298,126],{"class":125},[47,78300,1402],{"class":61},[47,78302,78303,78305,78307,78309],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,78304,3986],{"class":53},[47,78306,30],{"class":61},[47,78308,34680],{"class":173},[47,78310,241],{"class":61},[47,78312,78313],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78314,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,78316,78317,78319,78321,78323],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78318,167],{"class":166},[47,78320,170],{"class":61},[47,78322,3986],{"class":173},[47,78324,80],{"class":61},[14,78326,215],{},[37,78328,78330],{"className":39,"code":78329,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[44,78331,78332],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78333,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342,78344,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354,78356,78358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78335,3773],{"class":61},[47,78337,256],{"class":125},[47,78339,405],{"class":129},[47,78341,256],{"class":125},[47,78343,69],{"class":61},[47,78345,265],{"class":125},[47,78347,3960],{"class":129},[47,78349,256],{"class":125},[47,78351,69],{"class":61},[47,78353,265],{"class":125},[47,78355,3969],{"class":129},[47,78357,256],{"class":125},[47,78359,1402],{"class":61},[14,78361,78362],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[37,78364,78366],{"className":39,"code":78365,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[44,78367,78368,78400,78410,78414],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78369,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78371,3943],{"class":53},[47,78373,58],{"class":57},[47,78375,957],{"class":61},[47,78377,126],{"class":125},[47,78379,3960],{"class":129},[47,78381,126],{"class":125},[47,78383,69],{"class":61},[47,78385,136],{"class":125},[47,78387,57651],{"class":129},[47,78389,126],{"class":125},[47,78391,69],{"class":61},[47,78393,136],{"class":125},[47,78395,3969],{"class":129},[47,78397,126],{"class":125},[47,78399,1402],{"class":61},[47,78401,78402,78404,78406,78408],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,78403,3986],{"class":53},[47,78405,30],{"class":61},[47,78407,34680],{"class":173},[47,78409,241],{"class":61},[47,78411,78412],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78413,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,78415,78416,78418,78420,78422],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78417,167],{"class":166},[47,78419,170],{"class":61},[47,78421,3986],{"class":173},[47,78423,80],{"class":61},[14,78425,215],{},[37,78427,78429],{"className":39,"code":78428,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[44,78430,78431],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78432,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78434,3773],{"class":61},[47,78436,256],{"class":125},[47,78438,57651],{"class":129},[47,78440,256],{"class":125},[47,78442,69],{"class":61},[47,78444,265],{"class":125},[47,78446,3960],{"class":129},[47,78448,256],{"class":125},[47,78450,69],{"class":61},[47,78452,265],{"class":125},[47,78454,3969],{"class":129},[47,78456,256],{"class":125},[47,78458,1402],{"class":61},[14,78460,78461,78462,2760],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[44,78463,78464],{},"key=str.lower",[37,78466,78468],{"className":39,"code":78467,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[44,78469,78470,78502,78524,78528],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78471,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498,78500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78473,3943],{"class":53},[47,78475,58],{"class":57},[47,78477,957],{"class":61},[47,78479,126],{"class":125},[47,78481,3960],{"class":129},[47,78483,126],{"class":125},[47,78485,69],{"class":61},[47,78487,136],{"class":125},[47,78489,57651],{"class":129},[47,78491,126],{"class":125},[47,78493,69],{"class":61},[47,78495,136],{"class":125},[47,78497,3969],{"class":129},[47,78499,126],{"class":125},[47,78501,1402],{"class":61},[47,78503,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,78505,3986],{"class":53},[47,78507,30],{"class":61},[47,78509,34680],{"class":173},[47,78511,170],{"class":61},[47,78513,14720],{"class":9053},[47,78515,58],{"class":57},[47,78517,3315],{"class":118},[47,78519,30],{"class":61},[47,78521,8518],{"class":24626},[47,78523,80],{"class":61},[47,78525,78526],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78527,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,78529,78530,78532,78534,78536],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78531,167],{"class":166},[47,78533,170],{"class":61},[47,78535,3986],{"class":173},[47,78537,80],{"class":61},[14,78539,215],{},[37,78541,78542],{"className":39,"code":78428,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,78543,78544],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78545,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78547,3773],{"class":61},[47,78549,256],{"class":125},[47,78551,57651],{"class":129},[47,78553,256],{"class":125},[47,78555,69],{"class":61},[47,78557,265],{"class":125},[47,78559,3960],{"class":129},[47,78561,256],{"class":125},[47,78563,69],{"class":61},[47,78565,265],{"class":125},[47,78567,3969],{"class":129},[47,78569,256],{"class":125},[47,78571,1402],{"class":61},[14,78573,78574,78575,78578],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[44,78576,78577],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[32,78580,36494,78582,36497],{"id":78581},"using-the-key-argument",[44,78583,14720],{},[14,78585,1854,78586,78588],{},[44,78587,14720],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78590,7217],{},[291,78592,78593,78598],{},[294,78594,78595,78597],{},[44,78596,1698],{}," to sort by length",[294,78599,78600,78602],{},[44,78601,78577],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78604,78605],{},"Sort words by length:",[37,78607,78609],{"className":39,"code":78608,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[44,78610,78611,78652,78670,78674],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78612,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78614,3943],{"class":53},[47,78616,58],{"class":57},[47,78618,957],{"class":61},[47,78620,126],{"class":125},[47,78622,78623],{"class":129},"pear",[47,78625,126],{"class":125},[47,78627,69],{"class":61},[47,78629,136],{"class":125},[47,78631,3960],{"class":129},[47,78633,126],{"class":125},[47,78635,69],{"class":61},[47,78637,136],{"class":125},[47,78639,38239],{"class":129},[47,78641,126],{"class":125},[47,78643,69],{"class":61},[47,78645,136],{"class":125},[47,78647,405],{"class":129},[47,78649,126],{"class":125},[47,78651,1402],{"class":61},[47,78653,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666,78668],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,78655,3986],{"class":53},[47,78657,30],{"class":61},[47,78659,34680],{"class":173},[47,78661,170],{"class":61},[47,78663,14720],{"class":9053},[47,78665,58],{"class":57},[47,78667,1698],{"class":166},[47,78669,80],{"class":61},[47,78671,78672],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78673,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,78675,78676,78678,78680,78682],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78677,167],{"class":166},[47,78679,170],{"class":61},[47,78681,3986],{"class":173},[47,78683,80],{"class":61},[14,78685,215],{},[37,78687,78689],{"className":39,"code":78688,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[44,78690,78691],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78692,78693,78695,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78694,3773],{"class":61},[47,78696,256],{"class":125},[47,78698,38239],{"class":129},[47,78700,256],{"class":125},[47,78702,69],{"class":61},[47,78704,265],{"class":125},[47,78706,78623],{"class":129},[47,78708,256],{"class":125},[47,78710,69],{"class":61},[47,78712,265],{"class":125},[47,78714,405],{"class":129},[47,78716,256],{"class":125},[47,78718,69],{"class":61},[47,78720,265],{"class":125},[47,78722,3960],{"class":129},[47,78724,256],{"class":125},[47,78726,1402],{"class":61},[14,78728,78729],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[37,78731,78733],{"className":39,"code":78732,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[44,78734,78735,78768,78790,78794],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78736,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78764,78766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78738,3943],{"class":53},[47,78740,58],{"class":57},[47,78742,957],{"class":61},[47,78744,126],{"class":125},[47,78746,4888],{"class":129},[47,78748,126],{"class":125},[47,78750,69],{"class":61},[47,78752,136],{"class":125},[47,78754,17679],{"class":129},[47,78756,126],{"class":125},[47,78758,69],{"class":61},[47,78760,136],{"class":125},[47,78762,78763],{"class":129},"Carol",[47,78765,126],{"class":125},[47,78767,1402],{"class":61},[47,78769,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786,78788],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,78771,3986],{"class":53},[47,78773,30],{"class":61},[47,78775,34680],{"class":173},[47,78777,170],{"class":61},[47,78779,14720],{"class":9053},[47,78781,58],{"class":57},[47,78783,3315],{"class":118},[47,78785,30],{"class":61},[47,78787,8518],{"class":24626},[47,78789,80],{"class":61},[47,78791,78792],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78793,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,78795,78796,78798,78800,78802],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78797,167],{"class":166},[47,78799,170],{"class":61},[47,78801,3986],{"class":173},[47,78803,80],{"class":61},[14,78805,215],{},[37,78807,78809],{"className":39,"code":78808,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[44,78810,78811],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78812,78813,78815,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829,78831,78833,78835,78837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78814,3773],{"class":61},[47,78816,256],{"class":125},[47,78818,17679],{"class":129},[47,78820,256],{"class":125},[47,78822,69],{"class":61},[47,78824,265],{"class":125},[47,78826,4888],{"class":129},[47,78828,256],{"class":125},[47,78830,69],{"class":61},[47,78832,265],{"class":125},[47,78834,78763],{"class":129},[47,78836,256],{"class":125},[47,78838,1402],{"class":61},[14,78840,1854,78841,78843],{},[44,78842,14720],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[32,78845,78847,10461,78849],{"id":78846},"listsort-vs-sorted",[44,78848,77746],{},[44,78850,74303],{},[14,78852,78853,4267,78855,78857],{},[44,78854,77746],{},[44,78856,74303],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78859,78860,2760],{},[44,78861,77746],{},[291,78863,78864,78867],{},[294,78865,78866],{},"Changes the existing list",[294,78868,11301,78869],{},[44,78870,3652],{},[14,78872,78873,2760],{},[44,78874,74303],{},[291,78876,78877,78880],{},[294,78878,78879],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[294,78881,78882],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78884,2083],{},[37,78886,78888],{"className":39,"code":78887,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[44,78889,78890,78910,78914,78928,78932,78942],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78891,78892,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906,78908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78893,54],{"class":53},[47,78895,58],{"class":57},[47,78897,957],{"class":61},[47,78899,1937],{"class":65},[47,78901,69],{"class":61},[47,78903,1242],{"class":65},[47,78905,69],{"class":61},[47,78907,72],{"class":65},[47,78909,1402],{"class":61},[47,78911,78912],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,78913,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,78915,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78917,55775],{"class":53},[47,78919,58],{"class":57},[47,78921,74437],{"class":166},[47,78923,170],{"class":61},[47,78925,174],{"class":173},[47,78927,80],{"class":61},[47,78929,78930],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78931,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,78933,78934,78936,78938,78940],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,78935,167],{"class":166},[47,78937,170],{"class":61},[47,78939,174],{"class":173},[47,78941,80],{"class":61},[47,78943,78944,78946,78948,78950],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,78945,167],{"class":166},[47,78947,170],{"class":61},[47,78949,74160],{"class":173},[47,78951,80],{"class":61},[14,78953,215],{},[37,78955,78956],{"className":39,"code":74472,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,78957,78958,78974],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,78959,78960,78962,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78961,3773],{"class":61},[47,78963,1937],{"class":65},[47,78965,69],{"class":61},[47,78967,1242],{"class":65},[47,78969,69],{"class":61},[47,78971,72],{"class":65},[47,78973,1402],{"class":61},[47,78975,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,78977,3773],{"class":61},[47,78979,66],{"class":65},[47,78981,69],{"class":61},[47,78983,72],{"class":65},[47,78985,69],{"class":61},[47,78987,77],{"class":65},[47,78989,1402],{"class":61},[14,78991,1967,78992,78994],{},[44,78993,74303],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,78996,78997,78998,4267,79002,30],{},"You can learn more in ",[21,78999,3448,79000,5657],{"href":74400},[44,79001,74303],{},[21,79003,79005],{"href":79004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[32,79007,1284],{"id":1283},[14,79009,79010,79011,30],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[44,79012,77746],{},[773,79014,12474,79016],{"id":79015},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[44,79017,64191],{},[14,79019,25567],{},[37,79021,79023],{"className":39,"code":79022,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,79024,79025,79045,79059,79063,79073],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79026,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79028,54],{"class":53},[47,79030,58],{"class":57},[47,79032,957],{"class":61},[47,79034,1937],{"class":65},[47,79036,69],{"class":61},[47,79038,1242],{"class":65},[47,79040,69],{"class":61},[47,79042,72],{"class":65},[47,79044,1402],{"class":61},[47,79046,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055,79057],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,79048,2106],{"class":53},[47,79050,58],{"class":57},[47,79052,4136],{"class":53},[47,79054,30],{"class":61},[47,79056,34680],{"class":173},[47,79058,241],{"class":61},[47,79060,79061],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,79062,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,79064,79065,79067,79069,79071],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,79066,167],{"class":166},[47,79068,170],{"class":61},[47,79070,2141],{"class":173},[47,79072,80],{"class":61},[47,79074,79075,79077,79079,79081],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,79076,167],{"class":166},[47,79078,170],{"class":61},[47,79080,174],{"class":173},[47,79082,80],{"class":61},[14,79084,215],{},[37,79086,79088],{"className":39,"code":79087,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[44,79089,79090,79094],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79091,79092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79093,11687],{"class":412},[47,79095,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,79097,3773],{"class":61},[47,79099,66],{"class":65},[47,79101,69],{"class":61},[47,79103,72],{"class":65},[47,79105,69],{"class":61},[47,79107,77],{"class":65},[47,79109,1402],{"class":61},[14,79111,79112,79114,79115,30],{},[44,79113,64191],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[44,79116,3652],{},[14,79118,79119,79120,6504],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[44,79121,74303],{},[773,79123,79125],{"id":79124},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79127,79128],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[37,79130,79132],{"className":39,"code":79131,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[44,79133,79134,79159],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79135,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79151,79153,79155,79157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79137,7654],{"class":53},[47,79139,58],{"class":57},[47,79141,957],{"class":61},[47,79143,66],{"class":65},[47,79145,69],{"class":61},[47,79147,136],{"class":125},[47,79149,79150],{"class":129},"two",[47,79152,126],{"class":125},[47,79154,69],{"class":61},[47,79156,77],{"class":65},[47,79158,1402],{"class":61},[47,79160,79161,79163,79165,79167],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,79162,7684],{"class":53},[47,79164,30],{"class":61},[47,79166,34680],{"class":173},[47,79168,241],{"class":61},[14,79170,2876,79171,79173],{},[44,79172,2879],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[773,79175,4579,79177,79179],{"id":79176},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[44,79178,64191],{}," only works on lists",[14,79181,79182,79184],{},[44,79183,64191],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79186,744],{},[37,79188,79190],{"className":39,"code":79189,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[44,79191,79192,79204],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79193,79194,79196,79198,79200,79202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79195,34568],{"class":53},[47,79197,58],{"class":57},[47,79199,136],{"class":125},[47,79201,41],{"class":129},[47,79203,3230],{"class":125},[47,79205,79206,79208,79210,79212],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,79207,34589],{"class":53},[47,79209,30],{"class":61},[47,79211,34680],{"class":173},[47,79213,241],{"class":61},[14,79215,79216,79217,33480],{},"Strings do not have a ",[44,79218,64191],{},[14,79220,79221],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[37,79223,79225],{"className":39,"code":79224,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[44,79226,79227,79245,79255,79259],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79228,79229,79231,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79230,1118],{"class":53},[47,79232,58],{"class":57},[47,79234,22436],{"class":118},[47,79236,170],{"class":61},[47,79238,126],{"class":125},[47,79240,41],{"class":129},[47,79242,126],{"class":125},[47,79244,80],{"class":61},[47,79246,79247,79249,79251,79253],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,79248,1142],{"class":53},[47,79250,30],{"class":61},[47,79252,34680],{"class":173},[47,79254,241],{"class":61},[47,79256,79257],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,79258,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,79260,79261,79263,79265,79267],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,79262,167],{"class":166},[47,79264,170],{"class":61},[47,79266,1142],{"class":173},[47,79268,80],{"class":61},[14,79270,215],{},[37,79272,79274],{"className":39,"code":79273,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[44,79275,79276],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79277,79278,79280,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296,79298,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324,79326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79279,3773],{"class":61},[47,79281,256],{"class":125},[47,79283,60319],{"class":129},[47,79285,256],{"class":125},[47,79287,69],{"class":61},[47,79289,265],{"class":125},[47,79291,75909],{"class":129},[47,79293,256],{"class":125},[47,79295,69],{"class":61},[47,79297,265],{"class":125},[47,79299,60354],{"class":129},[47,79301,256],{"class":125},[47,79303,69],{"class":61},[47,79305,265],{"class":125},[47,79307,14],{"class":129},[47,79309,256],{"class":125},[47,79311,69],{"class":61},[47,79313,265],{"class":125},[47,79315,63166],{"class":129},[47,79317,256],{"class":125},[47,79319,69],{"class":61},[47,79321,265],{"class":125},[47,79323,11624],{"class":129},[47,79325,256],{"class":125},[47,79327,1402],{"class":61},[773,79329,79331,79332,79334],{"id":79330},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[44,79333,14720],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79336,79337,79338,30],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[44,79339,14720],{},[14,79341,79342,79343,79345],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[44,79344,64191],{}," will not do that:",[37,79347,79349],{"className":39,"code":79348,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[44,79350,79351,79383,79401,79405],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79352,79353,79355,79357,79359,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369,79371,79373,79375,79377,79379,79381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79354,3943],{"class":53},[47,79356,58],{"class":57},[47,79358,957],{"class":61},[47,79360,126],{"class":125},[47,79362,3960],{"class":129},[47,79364,126],{"class":125},[47,79366,69],{"class":61},[47,79368,136],{"class":125},[47,79370,38239],{"class":129},[47,79372,126],{"class":125},[47,79374,69],{"class":61},[47,79376,136],{"class":125},[47,79378,405],{"class":129},[47,79380,126],{"class":125},[47,79382,1402],{"class":61},[47,79384,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395,79397,79399],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,79386,3986],{"class":53},[47,79388,30],{"class":61},[47,79390,34680],{"class":173},[47,79392,170],{"class":61},[47,79394,14720],{"class":9053},[47,79396,58],{"class":57},[47,79398,1698],{"class":166},[47,79400,80],{"class":61},[47,79402,79403],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,79404,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,79406,79407,79409,79411,79413],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,79408,167],{"class":166},[47,79410,170],{"class":61},[47,79412,3986],{"class":173},[47,79414,80],{"class":61},[773,79416,79418],{"id":79417},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79420,79421],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[37,79423,79425],{"className":39,"code":79424,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[44,79426,79427,79461,79471,79475],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79428,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454,79457,79459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79430,3943],{"class":53},[47,79432,58],{"class":57},[47,79434,957],{"class":61},[47,79436,126],{"class":125},[47,79438,79439],{"class":129},"zebra",[47,79441,126],{"class":125},[47,79443,69],{"class":61},[47,79445,136],{"class":125},[47,79447,57651],{"class":129},[47,79449,126],{"class":125},[47,79451,69],{"class":61},[47,79453,136],{"class":125},[47,79455,79456],{"class":129},"monkey",[47,79458,126],{"class":125},[47,79460,1402],{"class":61},[47,79462,79463,79465,79467,79469],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,79464,3986],{"class":53},[47,79466,30],{"class":61},[47,79468,34680],{"class":173},[47,79470,241],{"class":61},[47,79472,79473],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,79474,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,79476,79477,79479,79481,79483],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,79478,167],{"class":166},[47,79480,170],{"class":61},[47,79482,3986],{"class":173},[47,79484,80],{"class":61},[14,79486,215],{},[37,79488,79490],{"className":39,"code":79489,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[44,79491,79492],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79493,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79495,3773],{"class":61},[47,79497,256],{"class":125},[47,79499,57651],{"class":129},[47,79501,256],{"class":125},[47,79503,69],{"class":61},[47,79505,265],{"class":125},[47,79507,79456],{"class":129},[47,79509,256],{"class":125},[47,79511,69],{"class":61},[47,79513,265],{"class":125},[47,79515,79439],{"class":129},[47,79517,256],{"class":125},[47,79519,1402],{"class":61},[14,79521,1967,79522,79524],{},[44,79523,78464],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[773,79526,60591],{"id":60590},[14,79528,79529],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[37,79531,79533],{"className":39,"code":79532,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[44,79534,79535,79545,79559,79573,79587],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79536,79537,79539,79541,79543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79538,167],{"class":166},[47,79540,170],{"class":61},[47,79542,8215],{"class":173},[47,79544,80],{"class":61},[47,79546,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79557],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,79548,167],{"class":166},[47,79550,170],{"class":61},[47,79552,499],{"class":118},[47,79554,170],{"class":61},[47,79556,8215],{"class":173},[47,79558,506],{"class":61},[47,79560,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,79562,167],{"class":166},[47,79564,170],{"class":61},[47,79566,8215],{"class":173},[47,79568,30],{"class":61},[47,79570,34680],{"class":173},[47,79572,7068],{"class":61},[47,79574,79575,79577,79579,79581,79583,79585],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,79576,167],{"class":166},[47,79578,170],{"class":61},[47,79580,74393],{"class":166},[47,79582,170],{"class":61},[47,79584,8215],{"class":173},[47,79586,506],{"class":61},[47,79588,79589,79591,79593,79595,79597,79599,79601,79603,79605,79607,79609],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,79590,167],{"class":166},[47,79592,122],{"class":61},[47,79594,499],{"class":118},[47,79596,170],{"class":61},[47,79598,1329],{"class":173},[47,79600,3533],{"class":61},[47,79602,3750],{"class":3749},[47,79604,5835],{"class":173},[47,79606,3756],{"class":3749},[47,79608,8272],{"class":173},[47,79610,153],{"class":61},[14,79612,11047],{},[291,79614,79615,79618,79621,79628,79634],{},[294,79616,79617],{},"What values are in the list",[294,79619,79620],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[294,79622,79623,79624,2274,79626],{},"That ",[44,79625,64191],{},[44,79627,3652],{},[294,79629,79630,79631,79633],{},"Whether ",[44,79632,74303],{}," works better for your case",[294,79635,79636],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79638,79639,79640,79642],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[44,79641,2879],{}," problems.",[32,79644,1708],{"id":1707},[773,79646,12584,79648,55354],{"id":79647},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[44,79649,77746],{},[14,79651,62484,79652,30],{},[44,79653,3652],{},[773,79655,5054,79657,4267,79659,2368],{"id":79656},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[44,79658,64191],{},[44,79660,74303],{},[14,79662,79663,79665,79666,79668],{},[44,79664,64191],{}," changes the list itself. ",[44,79667,74303],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[773,79670,79672],{"id":79671},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79674,18571],{},[37,79676,79678],{"className":39,"code":79677,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[44,79679,79680],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79681,79682,79684,79686,79688,79690,79692,79694,79696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79683,8215],{"class":53},[47,79685,30],{"class":61},[47,79687,34680],{"class":173},[47,79689,170],{"class":61},[47,79691,73456],{"class":9053},[47,79693,58],{"class":57},[47,79695,3477],{"class":412},[47,79697,80],{"class":61},[773,79699,79701],{"id":79700},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79703,18571],{},[37,79705,79707],{"className":39,"code":79706,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[44,79708,79709],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79710,79711,79713,79715,79717,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79712,8215],{"class":53},[47,79714,30],{"class":61},[47,79716,34680],{"class":173},[47,79718,170],{"class":61},[47,79720,14720],{"class":9053},[47,79722,58],{"class":57},[47,79724,3315],{"class":118},[47,79726,30],{"class":61},[47,79728,8518],{"class":24626},[47,79730,80],{"class":61},[14,79732,79733],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[773,79735,79737,79738,79740],{"id":79736},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[44,79739,2879],{}," when sorting?",[14,79742,79743],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[32,79745,1758],{"id":1757},[291,79747,79748,79753,79759,79763],{},[294,79749,79750],{},[21,79751,79752],{"href":78255},"How to sort a list in Python",[294,79754,79755],{},[21,79756,3448,79757,5657],{"href":74400},[44,79758,74303],{},[294,79760,79761],{},[21,79762,66956],{"href":50863},[294,79764,79765],{},[21,79766,79005],{"href":79004},[1796,79768,79769],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":79771},[79772,79773,79775,79776,79777,79778,79780,79782,79793,79803],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":77812,"depth":83,"text":79774},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":78067,"depth":83,"text":78068},{"id":78259,"depth":83,"text":78260},{"id":78581,"depth":83,"text":79779},"Using the key argument",{"id":78846,"depth":83,"text":79781},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":79783},[79784,79786,79787,79789,79791,79792],{"id":79015,"depth":94,"text":79785},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79124,"depth":94,"text":79125},{"id":79176,"depth":94,"text":79788},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79330,"depth":94,"text":79790},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79417,"depth":94,"text":79418},{"id":60590,"depth":94,"text":60591},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":79794},[79795,79797,79799,79800,79801],{"id":79647,"depth":94,"text":79796},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79656,"depth":94,"text":79798},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79671,"depth":94,"text":79672},{"id":79700,"depth":94,"text":79701},{"id":79736,"depth":94,"text":79802},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77734,"description":79804},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79811,"title":79812,"body":79813,"description":82444,"extension":1837,"meta":82445,"navigation":159,"path":82446,"seo":82447,"stem":82448,"__hash__":82449},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79814,"toc":82403},[79815,79820,79825,79828,79839,79842,79862,79864,79926,79928,79969,79978,79983,79988,79994,80005,80007,80026,80029,80034,80039,80041,80046,80060,80062,80080,80083,80100,80103,80109,80132,80137,80139,80142,80203,80205,80238,80240,80279,80287,80297,80303,80308,80401,80403,80427,80429,80447,80450,80481,80487,80492,80495,80497,80622,80624,80648,80650,80669,80675,80681,80800,80802,80819,80826,80832,80837,80844,80850,80852,80909,80912,80933,80936,80939,81000,81002,81035,81039,81109,81111,81128,81132,81135,81210,81212,81249,81252,81255,81326,81328,81389,81394,81399,81402,81416,81418,81491,81493,81513,81516,81519,81576,81638,81641,81673,81676,81691,81696,81698,81704,81707,81763,81766,81768,81787,81791,81793,81837,81846,81848,81908,81912,81915,81917,82010,82012,82127,82131,82133,82207,82210,82213,82215,82220,82285,82287,82311,82321,82323,82329,82338,82347,82356,82362,82365,82369,82372,82374,82400],[10,79816,3448,79818,3452],{"id":79817},"python-map-function-explained",[44,79819,39597],{},[14,79821,3455,79822,79824],{},[44,79823,39597],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79826,79827],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[291,79829,79830,79833,79836],{},[294,79831,79832],{},"converting numbers to strings",[294,79834,79835],{},"changing strings to integers",[294,79837,79838],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79840,79841],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[291,79843,79844,79851,79857],{},[294,79845,79846,13932,79848,79850],{},[44,79847,39597],{},[575,79849,577],{}," return a list in Python 3",[294,79852,79853,79854],{},"it returns a ",[575,79855,79856],{},"map object",[294,79858,79859,79860],{},"you often convert that result with ",[44,79861,24657],{},[32,79863,35],{"id":34},[37,79865,79867],{"className":39,"code":79866,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,79868,79869,79893,79912],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79870,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881,79883,79885,79887,79889,79891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79872,54],{"class":53},[47,79874,58],{"class":57},[47,79876,957],{"class":61},[47,79878,66],{"class":65},[47,79880,69],{"class":61},[47,79882,72],{"class":65},[47,79884,69],{"class":61},[47,79886,77],{"class":65},[47,79888,69],{"class":61},[47,79890,2333],{"class":65},[47,79892,1402],{"class":61},[47,79894,79895,79897,79899,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,79896,2106],{"class":53},[47,79898,58],{"class":57},[47,79900,79901],{"class":166}," map",[47,79903,170],{"class":61},[47,79905,3315],{"class":118},[47,79907,69],{"class":61},[47,79909,4136],{"class":173},[47,79911,80],{"class":61},[47,79913,79914,79916,79918,79920,79922,79924],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,79915,167],{"class":166},[47,79917,170],{"class":61},[47,79919,7969],{"class":118},[47,79921,170],{"class":61},[47,79923,2141],{"class":173},[47,79925,506],{"class":61},[14,79927,215],{},[37,79929,79931],{"className":39,"code":79930,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[44,79932,79933],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,79934,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947,79949,79951,79953,79955,79957,79959,79961,79963,79965,79967],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79936,3773],{"class":61},[47,79938,256],{"class":125},[47,79940,66],{"class":129},[47,79942,256],{"class":125},[47,79944,69],{"class":61},[47,79946,265],{"class":125},[47,79948,1931],{"class":129},[47,79950,256],{"class":125},[47,79952,69],{"class":61},[47,79954,265],{"class":125},[47,79956,1937],{"class":129},[47,79958,256],{"class":125},[47,79960,69],{"class":61},[47,79962,265],{"class":125},[47,79964,1210],{"class":129},[47,79966,256],{"class":125},[47,79968,1402],{"class":61},[14,79970,1967,79971,79974,79975,79977],{},[44,79972,79973],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[44,79976,24657],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[32,79979,3550,79981,3553],{"id":79980},"what-map-does",[44,79982,39597],{},[14,79984,79985,79987],{},[44,79986,39597],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79989,79990,79991,79993],{},"An ",[575,79992,3594],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[291,79995,79996,79998,80000,80002],{},[294,79997,37783],{},[294,79999,37786],{},[294,80001,37789],{},[294,80003,80004],{},"a range object",[14,80006,30603],{},[37,80008,80010],{"className":39,"code":80009,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"map(function, iterable)\n",[44,80011,80012],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80013,80014,80016,80018,80020,80022,80024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80015,39740],{"class":166},[47,80017,170],{"class":61},[47,80019,37742],{"class":173},[47,80021,69],{"class":61},[47,80023,37747],{"class":173},[47,80025,80],{"class":61},[14,80027,80028],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80030,80031,80032,33621],{},"Important: the result is a ",[575,80033,79856],{},[14,80035,80036,80037,30],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[21,80038,5012],{"href":5011},[32,80040,2032],{"id":2031},[14,80042,80043,80045],{},[44,80044,39597],{}," needs at least two parts:",[291,80047,80048,80054],{},[294,80049,80050,80053],{},[575,80051,80052],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[294,80055,80056,80059],{},[575,80057,80058],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80061,3579],{},[37,80063,80064],{"className":39,"code":80009,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,80065,80066],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80067,80068,80070,80072,80074,80076,80078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80069,39740],{"class":166},[47,80071,170],{"class":61},[47,80073,37742],{"class":173},[47,80075,69],{"class":61},[47,80077,37747],{"class":173},[47,80079,80],{"class":61},[14,80081,80082],{},"You can pass:",[291,80084,80085,80094,80097],{},[294,80086,80087,80088,2064,80090,2068,80092],{},"built-in functions like ",[44,80089,3315],{},[44,80091,644],{},[44,80093,1891],{},[294,80095,80096],{},"your own custom function",[294,80098,80099],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80101,80102],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80104,80105,80106,80108],{},"You will often see ",[44,80107,39597],{}," used like this:",[37,80110,80112],{"className":39,"code":80111,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list(map(function, values))\n",[44,80113,80114],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80115,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80117,7969],{"class":118},[47,80119,170],{"class":61},[47,80121,39740],{"class":166},[47,80123,170],{"class":61},[47,80125,37742],{"class":173},[47,80127,69],{"class":61},[47,80129,3759],{"class":173},[47,80131,506],{"class":61},[14,80133,6550,80134,80136],{},[44,80135,24657],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[32,80138,11353],{"id":11352},[14,80140,80141],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[37,80143,80145],{"className":39,"code":80144,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,80146,80147,80167,80185,80189],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80148,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80150,54],{"class":53},[47,80152,58],{"class":57},[47,80154,957],{"class":61},[47,80156,960],{"class":65},[47,80158,69],{"class":61},[47,80160,965],{"class":65},[47,80162,69],{"class":61},[47,80164,7669],{"class":65},[47,80166,1402],{"class":61},[47,80168,80169,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179,80181,80183],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,80170,2106],{"class":53},[47,80172,58],{"class":57},[47,80174,79901],{"class":166},[47,80176,170],{"class":61},[47,80178,3315],{"class":118},[47,80180,69],{"class":61},[47,80182,4136],{"class":173},[47,80184,80],{"class":61},[47,80186,80187],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80188,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,80190,80191,80193,80195,80197,80199,80201],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80192,167],{"class":166},[47,80194,170],{"class":61},[47,80196,7969],{"class":118},[47,80198,170],{"class":61},[47,80200,2141],{"class":173},[47,80202,506],{"class":61},[14,80204,215],{},[37,80206,80208],{"className":39,"code":80207,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[44,80209,80210],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80211,80212,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222,80224,80226,80228,80230,80232,80234,80236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80213,3773],{"class":61},[47,80215,256],{"class":125},[47,80217,960],{"class":129},[47,80219,256],{"class":125},[47,80221,69],{"class":61},[47,80223,265],{"class":125},[47,80225,15632],{"class":129},[47,80227,256],{"class":125},[47,80229,69],{"class":61},[47,80231,265],{"class":125},[47,80233,36723],{"class":129},[47,80235,256],{"class":125},[47,80237,1402],{"class":61},[14,80239,11562],{},[291,80241,80242,80247,80255,80263,80271],{},[294,80243,80244,80246],{},[44,80245,174],{}," contains integers",[294,80248,80249,80252,80253],{},[44,80250,80251],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[44,80254,47567],{},[294,80256,80257,42036,80260],{},[44,80258,80259],{},"str(10)",[44,80261,80262],{},"'10'",[294,80264,80265,42036,80268],{},[44,80266,80267],{},"str(20)",[44,80269,80270],{},"'20'",[294,80272,80273,42036,80276],{},[44,80274,80275],{},"str(30)",[44,80277,80278],{},"'30'",[14,80280,53538,80281,80283,80284,80286],{},[44,80282,39597],{}," applies ",[44,80285,47567],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80288,80289,80290,80292,80293,30],{},"If you want to understand ",[44,80291,24657],{}," better, see ",[21,80294,3448,80295,3381],{"href":64726},[44,80296,24657],{},[32,80298,8294,80300,80302],{"id":80299},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[44,80301,39597],{}," with your own function",[14,80304,15592,80305,80307],{},[44,80306,39597],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[37,80309,80311],{"className":39,"code":80310,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,80312,80313,80326,80336,80340,80364,80383,80387],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80314,80315,80317,80320,80322,80324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80316,34732],{"class":525},[47,80318,80319],{"class":34735}," double",[47,80321,170],{"class":61},[47,80323,2049],{"class":37544},[47,80325,8218],{"class":61},[47,80327,80328,80330,80332,80334],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,80329,34743],{"class":3749},[47,80331,3753],{"class":53},[47,80333,39753],{"class":57},[47,80335,45472],{"class":65},[47,80337,80338],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80339,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,80341,80342,80344,80346,80348,80350,80352,80354,80356,80358,80360,80362],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80343,54],{"class":53},[47,80345,58],{"class":57},[47,80347,957],{"class":61},[47,80349,66],{"class":65},[47,80351,69],{"class":61},[47,80353,72],{"class":65},[47,80355,69],{"class":61},[47,80357,77],{"class":65},[47,80359,69],{"class":61},[47,80361,2333],{"class":65},[47,80363,1402],{"class":61},[47,80365,80366,80368,80370,80372,80374,80377,80379,80381],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,80367,2106],{"class":53},[47,80369,58],{"class":57},[47,80371,79901],{"class":166},[47,80373,170],{"class":61},[47,80375,80376],{"class":173},"double",[47,80378,69],{"class":61},[47,80380,4136],{"class":173},[47,80382,80],{"class":61},[47,80384,80385],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,80386,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,80388,80389,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,80390,167],{"class":166},[47,80392,170],{"class":61},[47,80394,7969],{"class":118},[47,80396,170],{"class":61},[47,80398,2141],{"class":173},[47,80400,506],{"class":61},[14,80402,215],{},[37,80404,80405],{"className":39,"code":39766,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,80406,80407],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80408,80409,80411,80413,80415,80417,80419,80421,80423,80425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80410,3773],{"class":61},[47,80412,1931],{"class":65},[47,80414,69],{"class":61},[47,80416,2333],{"class":65},[47,80418,69],{"class":61},[47,80420,37525],{"class":65},[47,80422,69],{"class":61},[47,80424,6234],{"class":65},[47,80426,1402],{"class":61},[14,80428,65463],{},[291,80430,80431,80438,80444],{},[294,80432,80433,80435,80436],{},[44,80434,39597],{}," takes the function ",[44,80437,80376],{},[294,80439,80440,80441,80443],{},"it sends each item from ",[44,80442,174],{}," into that function",[294,80445,80446],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80448,80449],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[291,80451,80452,80459,80466,80474],{},[294,80453,80454,5947,80457],{},[44,80455,80456],{},"double(1)",[44,80458,1931],{},[294,80460,80461,5947,80464],{},[44,80462,80463],{},"double(2)",[44,80465,1210],{},[294,80467,80468,5947,80471],{},[44,80469,80470],{},"double(3)",[44,80472,80473],{},"6",[294,80475,80476,5947,80479],{},[44,80477,80478],{},"double(4)",[44,80480,2222],{},[32,80482,8294,80484,80486],{"id":80483},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[44,80485,39597],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80488,80489,80491],{},[44,80490,39597],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80493,80494],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80496,2083],{},[37,80498,80500],{"className":39,"code":80499,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,80501,80502,80519,80529,80533,80554,80575,80579,80604,80608],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80503,80504,80506,80509,80511,80513,80515,80517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80505,34732],{"class":525},[47,80507,80508],{"class":34735}," add_numbers",[47,80510,170],{"class":61},[47,80512,21],{"class":37544},[47,80514,69],{"class":61},[47,80516,2435],{"class":37544},[47,80518,8218],{"class":61},[47,80520,80521,80523,80525,80527],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,80522,34743],{"class":3749},[47,80524,44427],{"class":53},[47,80526,1934],{"class":57},[47,80528,36063],{"class":53},[47,80530,80531],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80532,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,80534,80535,80538,80540,80542,80544,80546,80548,80550,80552],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80536,80537],{"class":53},"list1 ",[47,80539,58],{"class":57},[47,80541,957],{"class":61},[47,80543,66],{"class":65},[47,80545,69],{"class":61},[47,80547,72],{"class":65},[47,80549,69],{"class":61},[47,80551,77],{"class":65},[47,80553,1402],{"class":61},[47,80555,80556,80559,80561,80563,80565,80567,80569,80571,80573],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,80557,80558],{"class":53},"list2 ",[47,80560,58],{"class":57},[47,80562,957],{"class":61},[47,80564,960],{"class":65},[47,80566,69],{"class":61},[47,80568,965],{"class":65},[47,80570,69],{"class":61},[47,80572,7669],{"class":65},[47,80574,1402],{"class":61},[47,80576,80577],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,80578,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,80580,80581,80583,80585,80587,80589,80592,80594,80597,80599,80602],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,80582,2106],{"class":53},[47,80584,58],{"class":57},[47,80586,79901],{"class":166},[47,80588,170],{"class":61},[47,80590,80591],{"class":173},"add_numbers",[47,80593,69],{"class":61},[47,80595,80596],{"class":173}," list1",[47,80598,69],{"class":61},[47,80600,80601],{"class":173}," list2",[47,80603,80],{"class":61},[47,80605,80606],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,80607,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,80609,80610,80612,80614,80616,80618,80620],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,80611,167],{"class":166},[47,80613,170],{"class":61},[47,80615,7969],{"class":118},[47,80617,170],{"class":61},[47,80619,2141],{"class":173},[47,80621,506],{"class":61},[14,80623,215],{},[37,80625,80627],{"className":39,"code":80626,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[44,80628,80629],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80630,80631,80633,80636,80638,80641,80643,80646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80632,3773],{"class":61},[47,80634,80635],{"class":65},"11",[47,80637,69],{"class":61},[47,80639,80640],{"class":65}," 22",[47,80642,69],{"class":61},[47,80644,80645],{"class":65}," 33",[47,80647,1402],{"class":61},[14,80649,2054],{},[291,80651,80652,80658,80664],{},[294,80653,80654,80655],{},"the first values are used together: ",[44,80656,80657],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[294,80659,80660,80661],{},"then ",[44,80662,80663],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[294,80665,80660,80666],{},[44,80667,80668],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[773,80670,80672,80674],{"id":80671},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[44,80673,39597],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80676,80677,80678,80680],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[44,80679,39597],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[37,80682,80684],{"className":39,"code":80683,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,80685,80686,80702,80712,80716,80740,80756,80760,80782,80786],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80687,80688,80690,80692,80694,80696,80698,80700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80689,34732],{"class":525},[47,80691,80508],{"class":34735},[47,80693,170],{"class":61},[47,80695,21],{"class":37544},[47,80697,69],{"class":61},[47,80699,2435],{"class":37544},[47,80701,8218],{"class":61},[47,80703,80704,80706,80708,80710],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,80705,34743],{"class":3749},[47,80707,44427],{"class":53},[47,80709,1934],{"class":57},[47,80711,36063],{"class":53},[47,80713,80714],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80715,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,80717,80718,80720,80722,80724,80726,80728,80730,80732,80734,80736,80738],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80719,80537],{"class":53},[47,80721,58],{"class":57},[47,80723,957],{"class":61},[47,80725,66],{"class":65},[47,80727,69],{"class":61},[47,80729,72],{"class":65},[47,80731,69],{"class":61},[47,80733,77],{"class":65},[47,80735,69],{"class":61},[47,80737,2333],{"class":65},[47,80739,1402],{"class":61},[47,80741,80742,80744,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,80743,80558],{"class":53},[47,80745,58],{"class":57},[47,80747,957],{"class":61},[47,80749,960],{"class":65},[47,80751,69],{"class":61},[47,80753,965],{"class":65},[47,80755,1402],{"class":61},[47,80757,80758],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,80759,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,80761,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,80763,2106],{"class":53},[47,80765,58],{"class":57},[47,80767,79901],{"class":166},[47,80769,170],{"class":61},[47,80771,80591],{"class":173},[47,80773,69],{"class":61},[47,80775,80596],{"class":173},[47,80777,69],{"class":61},[47,80779,80601],{"class":173},[47,80781,80],{"class":61},[47,80783,80784],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,80785,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,80787,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,80789,167],{"class":166},[47,80791,170],{"class":61},[47,80793,7969],{"class":118},[47,80795,170],{"class":61},[47,80797,2141],{"class":173},[47,80799,506],{"class":61},[14,80801,215],{},[37,80803,80805],{"className":39,"code":80804,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[11, 22]\n",[44,80806,80807],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80808,80809,80811,80813,80815,80817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80810,3773],{"class":61},[47,80812,80635],{"class":65},[47,80814,69],{"class":61},[47,80816,80640],{"class":65},[47,80818,1402],{"class":61},[14,80820,80821,80822,80825],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[44,80823,80824],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[32,80827,80829,80831],{"id":80828},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[44,80830,39597],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80833,37905,80834,80836],{},[44,80835,39597],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80838,80839,80840,80843],{},"This object is ",[575,80841,80842],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[773,80845,2364,80847,80849],{"id":80846},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[44,80848,32906],{}," looks strange",[14,80851,33522],{},[37,80853,80855],{"className":39,"code":80854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,80856,80857,80877,80895,80899],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80858,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80860,54],{"class":53},[47,80862,58],{"class":57},[47,80864,957],{"class":61},[47,80866,66],{"class":65},[47,80868,69],{"class":61},[47,80870,72],{"class":65},[47,80872,69],{"class":61},[47,80874,77],{"class":65},[47,80876,1402],{"class":61},[47,80878,80879,80881,80883,80885,80887,80889,80891,80893],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,80880,2106],{"class":53},[47,80882,58],{"class":57},[47,80884,79901],{"class":166},[47,80886,170],{"class":61},[47,80888,3315],{"class":118},[47,80890,69],{"class":61},[47,80892,4136],{"class":173},[47,80894,80],{"class":61},[47,80896,80897],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80898,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,80900,80901,80903,80905,80907],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80902,167],{"class":166},[47,80904,170],{"class":61},[47,80906,2141],{"class":173},[47,80908,80],{"class":61},[14,80910,80911],{},"Output will look something like this:",[37,80913,80915],{"className":39,"code":80914,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[44,80916,80917],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80918,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927,80929,80931],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80920,522],{"class":57},[47,80922,39740],{"class":166},[47,80924,24493],{"class":118},[47,80926,37245],{"class":53},[47,80928,37249],{"class":37248},[47,80930,37252],{"class":34333},[47,80932,536],{"class":57},[14,80934,80935],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,80937,80938],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[37,80940,80942],{"className":39,"code":80941,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,80943,80944,80964,80982,80986],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,80945,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954,80956,80958,80960,80962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80947,54],{"class":53},[47,80949,58],{"class":57},[47,80951,957],{"class":61},[47,80953,66],{"class":65},[47,80955,69],{"class":61},[47,80957,72],{"class":65},[47,80959,69],{"class":61},[47,80961,77],{"class":65},[47,80963,1402],{"class":61},[47,80965,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978,80980],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,80967,2106],{"class":53},[47,80969,58],{"class":57},[47,80971,79901],{"class":166},[47,80973,170],{"class":61},[47,80975,3315],{"class":118},[47,80977,69],{"class":61},[47,80979,4136],{"class":173},[47,80981,80],{"class":61},[47,80983,80984],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80985,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,80987,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80989,167],{"class":166},[47,80991,170],{"class":61},[47,80993,7969],{"class":118},[47,80995,170],{"class":61},[47,80997,2141],{"class":173},[47,80999,506],{"class":61},[14,81001,215],{},[37,81003,81005],{"className":39,"code":81004,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[44,81006,81007],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81008,81009,81011,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021,81023,81025,81027,81029,81031,81033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81010,3773],{"class":61},[47,81012,256],{"class":125},[47,81014,66],{"class":129},[47,81016,256],{"class":125},[47,81018,69],{"class":61},[47,81020,265],{"class":125},[47,81022,1931],{"class":129},[47,81024,256],{"class":125},[47,81026,69],{"class":61},[47,81028,265],{"class":125},[47,81030,1937],{"class":129},[47,81032,256],{"class":125},[47,81034,1402],{"class":61},[773,81036,81038],{"id":81037},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[37,81040,81042],{"className":39,"code":81041,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[44,81043,81044,81064,81082,81086,81099],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81045,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81047,54],{"class":53},[47,81049,58],{"class":57},[47,81051,957],{"class":61},[47,81053,66],{"class":65},[47,81055,69],{"class":61},[47,81057,72],{"class":65},[47,81059,69],{"class":61},[47,81061,77],{"class":65},[47,81063,1402],{"class":61},[47,81065,81066,81068,81070,81072,81074,81076,81078,81080],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81067,2106],{"class":53},[47,81069,58],{"class":57},[47,81071,79901],{"class":166},[47,81073,170],{"class":61},[47,81075,3315],{"class":118},[47,81077,69],{"class":61},[47,81079,4136],{"class":173},[47,81081,80],{"class":61},[47,81083,81084],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81085,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,81087,81088,81090,81092,81094,81097],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81089,5832],{"class":3749},[47,81091,5835],{"class":53},[47,81093,3756],{"class":3749},[47,81095,81096],{"class":53}," result",[47,81098,6268],{"class":61},[47,81100,81101,81103,81105,81107],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,81102,7944],{"class":166},[47,81104,170],{"class":61},[47,81106,1329],{"class":173},[47,81108,80],{"class":61},[14,81110,215],{},[37,81112,81114],{"className":39,"code":81113,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1\n2\n3\n",[44,81115,81116,81120,81124],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81117,81118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81119,46800],{"class":65},[47,81121,81122],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81123,16933],{"class":65},[47,81125,81126],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81127,46500],{"class":65},[773,81129,81131],{"id":81130},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81133,81134],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[37,81136,81138],{"className":39,"code":81137,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,81139,81140,81160,81178,81182,81196],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81141,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156,81158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81143,54],{"class":53},[47,81145,58],{"class":57},[47,81147,957],{"class":61},[47,81149,66],{"class":65},[47,81151,69],{"class":61},[47,81153,72],{"class":65},[47,81155,69],{"class":61},[47,81157,77],{"class":65},[47,81159,1402],{"class":61},[47,81161,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81163,2106],{"class":53},[47,81165,58],{"class":57},[47,81167,79901],{"class":166},[47,81169,170],{"class":61},[47,81171,3315],{"class":118},[47,81173,69],{"class":61},[47,81175,4136],{"class":173},[47,81177,80],{"class":61},[47,81179,81180],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81181,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,81183,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192,81194],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81185,167],{"class":166},[47,81187,170],{"class":61},[47,81189,7969],{"class":118},[47,81191,170],{"class":61},[47,81193,2141],{"class":173},[47,81195,506],{"class":61},[47,81197,81198,81200,81202,81204,81206,81208],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,81199,167],{"class":166},[47,81201,170],{"class":61},[47,81203,7969],{"class":118},[47,81205,170],{"class":61},[47,81207,2141],{"class":173},[47,81209,506],{"class":61},[14,81211,215],{},[37,81213,81215],{"className":39,"code":81214,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[44,81216,81217,81245],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81218,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237,81239,81241,81243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81220,3773],{"class":61},[47,81222,256],{"class":125},[47,81224,66],{"class":129},[47,81226,256],{"class":125},[47,81228,69],{"class":61},[47,81230,265],{"class":125},[47,81232,1931],{"class":129},[47,81234,256],{"class":125},[47,81236,69],{"class":61},[47,81238,265],{"class":125},[47,81240,1937],{"class":129},[47,81242,256],{"class":125},[47,81244,1402],{"class":61},[47,81246,81247],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81248,38178],{"class":61},[14,81250,81251],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81253,81254],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[37,81256,81258],{"className":39,"code":81257,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[44,81259,81260,81280,81302,81306,81316],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81261,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81263,54],{"class":53},[47,81265,58],{"class":57},[47,81267,957],{"class":61},[47,81269,66],{"class":65},[47,81271,69],{"class":61},[47,81273,72],{"class":65},[47,81275,69],{"class":61},[47,81277,77],{"class":65},[47,81279,1402],{"class":61},[47,81281,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81283,2106],{"class":53},[47,81285,58],{"class":57},[47,81287,22436],{"class":118},[47,81289,170],{"class":61},[47,81291,39740],{"class":166},[47,81293,170],{"class":61},[47,81295,3315],{"class":118},[47,81297,69],{"class":61},[47,81299,4136],{"class":173},[47,81301,506],{"class":61},[47,81303,81304],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81305,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,81307,81308,81310,81312,81314],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81309,167],{"class":166},[47,81311,170],{"class":61},[47,81313,2141],{"class":173},[47,81315,80],{"class":61},[47,81317,81318,81320,81322,81324],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,81319,167],{"class":166},[47,81321,170],{"class":61},[47,81323,2141],{"class":173},[47,81325,80],{"class":61},[14,81327,215],{},[37,81329,81331],{"className":39,"code":81330,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[44,81332,81333,81361],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81334,81335,81337,81339,81341,81343,81345,81347,81349,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81336,3773],{"class":61},[47,81338,256],{"class":125},[47,81340,66],{"class":129},[47,81342,256],{"class":125},[47,81344,69],{"class":61},[47,81346,265],{"class":125},[47,81348,1931],{"class":129},[47,81350,256],{"class":125},[47,81352,69],{"class":61},[47,81354,265],{"class":125},[47,81356,1937],{"class":129},[47,81358,256],{"class":125},[47,81360,1402],{"class":61},[47,81362,81363,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377,81379,81381,81383,81385,81387],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81364,3773],{"class":61},[47,81366,256],{"class":125},[47,81368,66],{"class":129},[47,81370,256],{"class":125},[47,81372,69],{"class":61},[47,81374,265],{"class":125},[47,81376,1931],{"class":129},[47,81378,256],{"class":125},[47,81380,69],{"class":61},[47,81382,265],{"class":125},[47,81384,1937],{"class":129},[47,81386,256],{"class":125},[47,81388,1402],{"class":61},[32,81390,4836,81392],{"id":81391},"when-to-use-map",[44,81393,39597],{},[14,81395,81396,81398],{},[44,81397,39597],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81400,81401],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[291,81403,81404,81408,81412],{},[294,81405,81406],{},[44,81407,3315],{},[294,81409,81410],{},[44,81411,644],{},[294,81413,81414],{},[44,81415,1891],{},[14,81417,2083],{},[37,81419,81421],{"className":39,"code":81420,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,81422,81423,81455,81477,81481],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81424,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81426,1196],{"class":53},[47,81428,58],{"class":57},[47,81430,957],{"class":61},[47,81432,256],{"class":125},[47,81434,66],{"class":129},[47,81436,256],{"class":125},[47,81438,69],{"class":61},[47,81440,265],{"class":125},[47,81442,1931],{"class":129},[47,81444,256],{"class":125},[47,81446,69],{"class":61},[47,81448,265],{"class":125},[47,81450,1937],{"class":129},[47,81452,256],{"class":125},[47,81454,1402],{"class":61},[47,81456,81457,81459,81461,81463,81465,81467,81469,81471,81473,81475],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81458,54],{"class":53},[47,81460,58],{"class":57},[47,81462,22436],{"class":118},[47,81464,170],{"class":61},[47,81466,39740],{"class":166},[47,81468,170],{"class":61},[47,81470,644],{"class":118},[47,81472,69],{"class":61},[47,81474,3759],{"class":173},[47,81476,506],{"class":61},[47,81478,81479],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81480,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,81482,81483,81485,81487,81489],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81484,167],{"class":166},[47,81486,170],{"class":61},[47,81488,174],{"class":173},[47,81490,80],{"class":61},[14,81492,215],{},[37,81494,81495],{"className":39,"code":55035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,81496,81497],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81498,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81500,3773],{"class":61},[47,81502,66],{"class":65},[47,81504,69],{"class":61},[47,81506,72],{"class":65},[47,81508,69],{"class":61},[47,81510,77],{"class":65},[47,81512,1402],{"class":61},[14,81514,81515],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81517,81518],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[37,81520,81522],{"className":39,"code":81521,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[44,81523,81524,81544,81566],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81525,81526,81528,81530,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81527,54],{"class":53},[47,81529,58],{"class":57},[47,81531,957],{"class":61},[47,81533,66],{"class":65},[47,81535,69],{"class":61},[47,81537,72],{"class":65},[47,81539,69],{"class":61},[47,81541,77],{"class":65},[47,81543,1402],{"class":61},[47,81545,81546,81548,81550,81552,81554,81556,81558,81560,81562,81564],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81547,2106],{"class":53},[47,81549,58],{"class":57},[47,81551,22436],{"class":118},[47,81553,170],{"class":61},[47,81555,39740],{"class":166},[47,81557,170],{"class":61},[47,81559,3315],{"class":118},[47,81561,69],{"class":61},[47,81563,4136],{"class":173},[47,81565,506],{"class":61},[47,81567,81568,81570,81572,81574],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81569,167],{"class":166},[47,81571,170],{"class":61},[47,81573,2141],{"class":173},[47,81575,80],{"class":61},[37,81577,81579],{"className":39,"code":81578,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[44,81580,81581,81601,81628],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81582,81583,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81584,54],{"class":53},[47,81586,58],{"class":57},[47,81588,957],{"class":61},[47,81590,66],{"class":65},[47,81592,69],{"class":61},[47,81594,72],{"class":65},[47,81596,69],{"class":61},[47,81598,77],{"class":65},[47,81600,1402],{"class":61},[47,81602,81603,81605,81607,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619,81622,81624,81626],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81604,2106],{"class":53},[47,81606,58],{"class":57},[47,81608,957],{"class":61},[47,81610,3315],{"class":118},[47,81612,170],{"class":61},[47,81614,75909],{"class":173},[47,81616,3533],{"class":61},[47,81618,3750],{"class":3749},[47,81620,81621],{"class":53}," n ",[47,81623,3756],{"class":3749},[47,81625,4136],{"class":53},[47,81627,1402],{"class":61},[47,81629,81630,81632,81634,81636],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81631,167],{"class":166},[47,81633,170],{"class":61},[47,81635,2141],{"class":173},[47,81637,80],{"class":61},[14,81639,81640],{},"Both produce:",[37,81642,81643],{"className":39,"code":81004,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,81644,81645],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81646,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81648,3773],{"class":61},[47,81650,256],{"class":125},[47,81652,66],{"class":129},[47,81654,256],{"class":125},[47,81656,69],{"class":61},[47,81658,265],{"class":125},[47,81660,1931],{"class":129},[47,81662,256],{"class":125},[47,81664,69],{"class":61},[47,81666,265],{"class":125},[47,81668,1937],{"class":129},[47,81670,256],{"class":125},[47,81672,1402],{"class":61},[14,81674,81675],{},"A simple rule:",[291,81677,81678,81683,81688],{},[294,81679,39871,81680,81682],{},[44,81681,39597],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[294,81684,39877,81685,81687],{},[44,81686,5832],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[294,81689,81690],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81692,81693,81694,30],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[21,81695,4266],{"href":4265},[32,81697,4393],{"id":4392},[773,81699,81701,81702],{"id":81700},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[44,81703,24657],{},[14,81705,81706],{},"This is very common:",[37,81708,81709],{"className":39,"code":80854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,81710,81711,81731,81749,81753],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81712,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81714,54],{"class":53},[47,81716,58],{"class":57},[47,81718,957],{"class":61},[47,81720,66],{"class":65},[47,81722,69],{"class":61},[47,81724,72],{"class":65},[47,81726,69],{"class":61},[47,81728,77],{"class":65},[47,81730,1402],{"class":61},[47,81732,81733,81735,81737,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81734,2106],{"class":53},[47,81736,58],{"class":57},[47,81738,79901],{"class":166},[47,81740,170],{"class":61},[47,81742,3315],{"class":118},[47,81744,69],{"class":61},[47,81746,4136],{"class":173},[47,81748,80],{"class":61},[47,81750,81751],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81752,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,81754,81755,81757,81759,81761],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81756,167],{"class":166},[47,81758,170],{"class":61},[47,81760,2141],{"class":173},[47,81762,80],{"class":61},[14,81764,81765],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81767,39142],{},[37,81769,81771],{"className":39,"code":81770,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(result))\n",[44,81772,81773],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81774,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81776,167],{"class":166},[47,81778,170],{"class":61},[47,81780,7969],{"class":118},[47,81782,170],{"class":61},[47,81784,2141],{"class":173},[47,81786,506],{"class":61},[773,81788,81790],{"id":81789},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81792,744],{},[37,81794,81796],{"className":39,"code":81795,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[44,81797,81798,81818],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81799,81800,81802,81804,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81801,54],{"class":53},[47,81803,58],{"class":57},[47,81805,957],{"class":61},[47,81807,66],{"class":65},[47,81809,69],{"class":61},[47,81811,72],{"class":65},[47,81813,69],{"class":61},[47,81815,77],{"class":65},[47,81817,1402],{"class":61},[47,81819,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81833,81835],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81821,2106],{"class":53},[47,81823,58],{"class":57},[47,81825,79901],{"class":166},[47,81827,170],{"class":61},[47,81829,3315],{"class":118},[47,81831,81832],{"class":61},"(),",[47,81834,4136],{"class":173},[47,81836,80],{"class":61},[14,81838,81839,81840,81842,81843,81845],{},"This is wrong because ",[44,81841,47567],{}," is being called immediately. ",[44,81844,39597],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81847,724],{},[37,81849,81850],{"className":39,"code":80941,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,81851,81852,81872,81890,81894],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81853,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81855,54],{"class":53},[47,81857,58],{"class":57},[47,81859,957],{"class":61},[47,81861,66],{"class":65},[47,81863,69],{"class":61},[47,81865,72],{"class":65},[47,81867,69],{"class":61},[47,81869,77],{"class":65},[47,81871,1402],{"class":61},[47,81873,81874,81876,81878,81880,81882,81884,81886,81888],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81875,2106],{"class":53},[47,81877,58],{"class":57},[47,81879,79901],{"class":166},[47,81881,170],{"class":61},[47,81883,3315],{"class":118},[47,81885,69],{"class":61},[47,81887,4136],{"class":173},[47,81889,80],{"class":61},[47,81891,81892],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81893,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,81895,81896,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81897,167],{"class":166},[47,81899,170],{"class":61},[47,81901,7969],{"class":118},[47,81903,170],{"class":61},[47,81905,2141],{"class":173},[47,81907,506],{"class":61},[773,81909,81911],{"id":81910},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,81913,81914],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,81916,744],{},[37,81918,81920],{"className":39,"code":81919,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,81921,81922,81939,81949,81953,81973,81992,81996],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,81923,81924,81926,81929,81931,81933,81935,81937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81925,34732],{"class":525},[47,81927,81928],{"class":34735}," add",[47,81930,170],{"class":61},[47,81932,21],{"class":37544},[47,81934,69],{"class":61},[47,81936,2435],{"class":37544},[47,81938,8218],{"class":61},[47,81940,81941,81943,81945,81947],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81942,34743],{"class":3749},[47,81944,44427],{"class":53},[47,81946,1934],{"class":57},[47,81948,36063],{"class":53},[47,81950,81951],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81952,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,81954,81955,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965,81967,81969,81971],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81956,54],{"class":53},[47,81958,58],{"class":57},[47,81960,957],{"class":61},[47,81962,66],{"class":65},[47,81964,69],{"class":61},[47,81966,72],{"class":65},[47,81968,69],{"class":61},[47,81970,77],{"class":65},[47,81972,1402],{"class":61},[47,81974,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983,81986,81988,81990],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,81976,2106],{"class":53},[47,81978,58],{"class":57},[47,81980,79901],{"class":166},[47,81982,170],{"class":61},[47,81984,81985],{"class":173},"add",[47,81987,69],{"class":61},[47,81989,4136],{"class":173},[47,81991,80],{"class":61},[47,81993,81994],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,81995,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,81997,81998,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,81999,167],{"class":166},[47,82001,170],{"class":61},[47,82003,7969],{"class":118},[47,82005,170],{"class":61},[47,82007,2141],{"class":173},[47,82009,506],{"class":61},[14,82011,724],{},[37,82013,82015],{"className":39,"code":82014,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[44,82016,82017,82033,82043,82047,82067,82087,82109,82113],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,82018,82019,82021,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82020,34732],{"class":525},[47,82022,81928],{"class":34735},[47,82024,170],{"class":61},[47,82026,21],{"class":37544},[47,82028,69],{"class":61},[47,82030,2435],{"class":37544},[47,82032,8218],{"class":61},[47,82034,82035,82037,82039,82041],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82036,34743],{"class":3749},[47,82038,44427],{"class":53},[47,82040,1934],{"class":57},[47,82042,36063],{"class":53},[47,82044,82045],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,82046,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,82048,82049,82051,82053,82055,82057,82059,82061,82063,82065],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,82050,80537],{"class":53},[47,82052,58],{"class":57},[47,82054,957],{"class":61},[47,82056,66],{"class":65},[47,82058,69],{"class":61},[47,82060,72],{"class":65},[47,82062,69],{"class":61},[47,82064,77],{"class":65},[47,82066,1402],{"class":61},[47,82068,82069,82071,82073,82075,82077,82079,82081,82083,82085],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,82070,80558],{"class":53},[47,82072,58],{"class":57},[47,82074,957],{"class":61},[47,82076,960],{"class":65},[47,82078,69],{"class":61},[47,82080,965],{"class":65},[47,82082,69],{"class":61},[47,82084,7669],{"class":65},[47,82086,1402],{"class":61},[47,82088,82089,82091,82093,82095,82097,82099,82101,82103,82105,82107],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,82090,2106],{"class":53},[47,82092,58],{"class":57},[47,82094,79901],{"class":166},[47,82096,170],{"class":61},[47,82098,81985],{"class":173},[47,82100,69],{"class":61},[47,82102,80596],{"class":173},[47,82104,69],{"class":61},[47,82106,80601],{"class":173},[47,82108,80],{"class":61},[47,82110,82111],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,82112,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,82114,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,82116,167],{"class":166},[47,82118,170],{"class":61},[47,82120,7969],{"class":118},[47,82122,170],{"class":61},[47,82124,2141],{"class":173},[47,82126,506],{"class":61},[773,82128,82130],{"id":82129},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82132,744],{},[37,82134,82135],{"className":39,"code":81137,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,82136,82137,82157,82175,82179,82193],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,82138,82139,82141,82143,82145,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82140,54],{"class":53},[47,82142,58],{"class":57},[47,82144,957],{"class":61},[47,82146,66],{"class":65},[47,82148,69],{"class":61},[47,82150,72],{"class":65},[47,82152,69],{"class":61},[47,82154,77],{"class":65},[47,82156,1402],{"class":61},[47,82158,82159,82161,82163,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82160,2106],{"class":53},[47,82162,58],{"class":57},[47,82164,79901],{"class":166},[47,82166,170],{"class":61},[47,82168,3315],{"class":118},[47,82170,69],{"class":61},[47,82172,4136],{"class":173},[47,82174,80],{"class":61},[47,82176,82177],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,82178,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,82180,82181,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,82182,167],{"class":166},[47,82184,170],{"class":61},[47,82186,7969],{"class":118},[47,82188,170],{"class":61},[47,82190,2141],{"class":173},[47,82192,506],{"class":61},[47,82194,82195,82197,82199,82201,82203,82205],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,82196,167],{"class":166},[47,82198,170],{"class":61},[47,82200,7969],{"class":118},[47,82202,170],{"class":61},[47,82204,2141],{"class":173},[47,82206,506],{"class":61},[14,82208,82209],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82211,82212],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[32,82214,67774],{"id":67773},[14,82216,8753,82217,82219],{},[44,82218,39597],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[37,82221,82223],{"className":39,"code":82222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[44,82224,82225,82235,82249,82263,82275],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,82226,82227,82229,82231,82233],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82228,167],{"class":166},[47,82230,170],{"class":61},[47,82232,2141],{"class":173},[47,82234,80],{"class":61},[47,82236,82237,82239,82241,82243,82245,82247],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82238,167],{"class":166},[47,82240,170],{"class":61},[47,82242,7969],{"class":118},[47,82244,170],{"class":61},[47,82246,2141],{"class":173},[47,82248,506],{"class":61},[47,82250,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259,82261],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,82252,167],{"class":166},[47,82254,170],{"class":61},[47,82256,499],{"class":118},[47,82258,170],{"class":61},[47,82260,2141],{"class":173},[47,82262,506],{"class":61},[47,82264,82265,82267,82269,82271,82273],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,82266,5832],{"class":3749},[47,82268,5835],{"class":53},[47,82270,3756],{"class":3749},[47,82272,81096],{"class":53},[47,82274,6268],{"class":61},[47,82276,82277,82279,82281,82283],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,82278,7944],{"class":166},[47,82280,170],{"class":61},[47,82282,1329],{"class":173},[47,82284,80],{"class":61},[14,82286,12552],{},[291,82288,82289,82294,82299,82305],{},[294,82290,82291,82293],{},[44,82292,32906],{}," shows that you have a map object",[294,82295,82296,82298],{},[44,82297,32914],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[294,82300,82301,82304],{},[44,82302,82303],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[294,82306,82307,82308,82310],{},"looping over ",[44,82309,2141],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82312,82313,82314,82317,82318,82320],{},"Be careful: ",[44,82315,82316],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[44,82319,5832],{}," loop consume the map object.",[32,82322,1708],{"id":1707},[773,82324,12584,82326,82328],{"id":82325},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[44,82327,39597],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82330,82331,82332,82334,82335,23814],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[44,82333,39597],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[44,82336,82337],{},"list(map(...))",[773,82339,14782,82341,82343,82344,82346],{"id":82340},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[44,82342,39597],{}," better than a ",[44,82345,5832],{}," loop?",[14,82348,82349,82350,82352,82353,82355],{},"Not always. ",[44,82351,39597],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[44,82354,5832],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[773,82357,5044,82359,82361],{"id":82358},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[44,82360,39597],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82363,82364],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[773,82366,82368],{"id":82367},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82370,82371],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[32,82373,1758],{"id":1757},[291,82375,82376,82382,82388,82392,82396],{},[294,82377,82378],{},[21,82379,3448,82380,3381],{"href":39966},[44,82381,37457],{},[294,82383,82384],{},[21,82385,3448,82386,3381],{"href":64726},[44,82387,24657],{},[294,82389,82390],{},[21,82391,5096],{"href":5007},[294,82393,82394],{},[21,82395,5101],{"href":4265},[294,82397,82398],{},[21,82399,5091],{"href":5011},[1796,82401,82402],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":82404},[82405,82406,82408,82409,82410,82412,82417,82424,82426,82433,82434,82443],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":79980,"depth":83,"text":82407},"What map() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":80299,"depth":83,"text":82411},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80483,"depth":83,"text":82413,"children":82414},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82415],{"id":80671,"depth":94,"text":82416},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80828,"depth":83,"text":82418,"children":82419},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82420,82422,82423],{"id":80846,"depth":94,"text":82421},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81037,"depth":94,"text":81038},{"id":81130,"depth":94,"text":81131},{"id":81391,"depth":83,"text":82425},"When to use map()",{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":82427},[82428,82430,82431,82432],{"id":81700,"depth":94,"text":82429},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81789,"depth":94,"text":81790},{"id":81910,"depth":94,"text":81911},{"id":82129,"depth":94,"text":82130},{"id":67773,"depth":83,"text":67774},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":82435},[82436,82438,82440,82442],{"id":82325,"depth":94,"text":82437},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82340,"depth":94,"text":82439},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82358,"depth":94,"text":82441},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82367,"depth":94,"text":82368},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79812,"description":82444},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82451,"title":82452,"body":82453,"description":84473,"extension":1837,"meta":84474,"navigation":159,"path":84475,"seo":84476,"stem":84477,"__hash__":84478},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82454,"toc":84431},[82455,82461,82466,82469,82477,82480,82482,82606,82608,82626,82628,82648,82653,82657,82671,82674,82677,82679,82684,82796,82799,82817,82823,82826,82888,82890,82899,82902,82916,82918,82966,82968,82977,82987,82993,82996,83023,83025,83033,83036,83039,83109,83111,83119,83122,83127,83132,83183,83185,83193,83196,83198,83215,83217,83269,83272,83278,83282,83287,83290,83294,83353,83355,83364,83370,83379,83383,83446,83448,83456,83461,83465,83470,83550,83552,83561,83568,83573,83578,83581,83616,83618,83626,83629,83635,83637,83687,83689,83698,83701,83719,83721,83726,83732,83739,83766,83768,83791,83796,83831,83836,83842,83847,83890,83893,83896,83935,83942,83948,83953,83968,83972,83979,83982,83986,83991,83995,84000,84002,84063,84065,84094,84099,84106,84115,84117,84120,84145,84147,84250,84253,84271,84280,84282,84287,84290,84296,84299,84301,84311,84317,84321,84379,84386,84394,84396,84428],[10,82456,3448,82458,3452],{"id":82457},"python-max-function-explained",[44,82459,82460],{},"max()",[14,82462,9001,82463,82465],{},[44,82464,82460],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82467,82468],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[291,82470,82471,82474],{},[294,82472,82473],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[294,82475,82476],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82478,82479],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[32,82481,35],{"id":34},[37,82483,82485],{"className":39,"code":82484,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[44,82486,82487,82511,82526,82530,82556,82560,82592],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,82488,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501,82503,82505,82507,82509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82490,54],{"class":53},[47,82492,58],{"class":57},[47,82494,957],{"class":61},[47,82496,1937],{"class":65},[47,82498,69],{"class":61},[47,82500,6234],{"class":65},[47,82502,69],{"class":61},[47,82504,72],{"class":65},[47,82506,69],{"class":61},[47,82508,4480],{"class":65},[47,82510,1402],{"class":61},[47,82512,82513,82515,82517,82520,82522,82524],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82514,167],{"class":166},[47,82516,170],{"class":61},[47,82518,82519],{"class":166},"max",[47,82521,170],{"class":61},[47,82523,174],{"class":173},[47,82525,506],{"class":61},[47,82527,82528],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,82529,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,82531,82532,82534,82536,82538,82540,82542,82544,82546,82548,82550,82552,82554],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,82533,167],{"class":166},[47,82535,170],{"class":61},[47,82537,82519],{"class":166},[47,82539,170],{"class":61},[47,82541,1937],{"class":65},[47,82543,69],{"class":61},[47,82545,6234],{"class":65},[47,82547,69],{"class":61},[47,82549,72],{"class":65},[47,82551,69],{"class":61},[47,82553,4480],{"class":65},[47,82555,506],{"class":61},[47,82557,82558],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,82559,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,82561,82562,82564,82566,82568,82570,82572,82574,82576,82578,82580,82582,82584,82586,82588,82590],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,82563,3943],{"class":53},[47,82565,58],{"class":57},[47,82567,957],{"class":61},[47,82569,126],{"class":125},[47,82571,405],{"class":129},[47,82573,126],{"class":125},[47,82575,69],{"class":61},[47,82577,136],{"class":125},[47,82579,3960],{"class":129},[47,82581,126],{"class":125},[47,82583,69],{"class":61},[47,82585,136],{"class":125},[47,82587,78623],{"class":129},[47,82589,126],{"class":125},[47,82591,1402],{"class":61},[47,82593,82594,82596,82598,82600,82602,82604],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,82595,167],{"class":166},[47,82597,170],{"class":61},[47,82599,82519],{"class":166},[47,82601,170],{"class":61},[47,82603,3986],{"class":173},[47,82605,506],{"class":61},[14,82607,215],{},[37,82609,82611],{"className":39,"code":82610,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"8\n8\npear\n",[44,82612,82613,82617,82621],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,82614,82615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82616,2258],{"class":65},[47,82618,82619],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82620,2258],{"class":65},[47,82622,82623],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,82624,82625],{"class":53},"pear\n",[14,82627,19834],{},[291,82629,82630,82636,82642],{},[294,82631,82632,82635],{},[44,82633,82634],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[294,82637,82638,82641],{},[44,82639,82640],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[294,82643,82644,82647],{},[44,82645,82646],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[32,82649,3550,82651,3553],{"id":82650},"what-max-does",[44,82652,82460],{},[14,82654,82655,2760],{},[44,82656,82460],{},[291,82658,82659,82662,82665,82668],{},[294,82660,82661],{},"Returns the largest item",[294,82663,82664],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[294,82666,82667],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[294,82669,82670],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82672,82673],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82675,82676],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[32,82678,2032],{"id":2031},[14,82680,82681,82682,2760],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[44,82683,82460],{},[37,82685,82687],{"className":39,"code":82686,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[44,82688,82689,82699,82723,82745,82768],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,82690,82691,82693,82695,82697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82692,82519],{"class":166},[47,82694,170],{"class":61},[47,82696,3594],{"class":173},[47,82698,80],{"class":61},[47,82700,82701,82703,82705,82707,82709,82712,82714,82716,82718,82721],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82702,82519],{"class":166},[47,82704,170],{"class":61},[47,82706,3594],{"class":173},[47,82708,69],{"class":61},[47,82710,82711],{"class":57}," *",[47,82713,69],{"class":61},[47,82715,21455],{"class":9053},[47,82717,58],{"class":57},[47,82719,82720],{"class":173},"func",[47,82722,80],{"class":61},[47,82724,82725,82727,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737,82739,82741,82743],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,82726,82519],{"class":166},[47,82728,170],{"class":61},[47,82730,3594],{"class":173},[47,82732,69],{"class":61},[47,82734,82711],{"class":57},[47,82736,69],{"class":61},[47,82738,26400],{"class":9053},[47,82740,58],{"class":57},[47,82742,605],{"class":173},[47,82744,80],{"class":61},[47,82746,82747,82749,82751,82754,82756,82759,82761,82763,82766],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,82748,82519],{"class":166},[47,82750,170],{"class":61},[47,82752,82753],{"class":173},"arg1",[47,82755,69],{"class":61},[47,82757,82758],{"class":173}," arg2",[47,82760,69],{"class":61},[47,82762,82711],{"class":57},[47,82764,82765],{"class":173},"args",[47,82767,80],{"class":61},[47,82769,82770,82772,82774,82776,82778,82780,82782,82784,82786,82788,82790,82792,82794],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,82771,82519],{"class":166},[47,82773,170],{"class":61},[47,82775,82753],{"class":173},[47,82777,69],{"class":61},[47,82779,82758],{"class":173},[47,82781,69],{"class":61},[47,82783,82711],{"class":57},[47,82785,82765],{"class":173},[47,82787,69],{"class":61},[47,82789,21455],{"class":9053},[47,82791,58],{"class":57},[47,82793,82720],{"class":173},[47,82795,80],{"class":61},[14,82797,82798],{},"The most important parts are:",[291,82800,82801,82806,82811],{},[294,82802,82803,82805],{},[44,82804,3594],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[294,82807,82808,82810],{},[44,82809,14720],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[294,82812,82813,82816],{},[44,82814,82815],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[32,82818,8294,82820,82822],{"id":82819},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[44,82821,82460],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82824,82825],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[37,82827,82829],{"className":39,"code":82828,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[44,82830,82831,82857,82873,82877],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,82832,82833,82835,82837,82839,82842,82844,82846,82848,82850,82852,82855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82834,4939],{"class":53},[47,82836,58],{"class":57},[47,82838,957],{"class":61},[47,82840,82841],{"class":65},"72",[47,82843,69],{"class":61},[47,82845,51394],{"class":65},[47,82847,69],{"class":61},[47,82849,13385],{"class":65},[47,82851,69],{"class":61},[47,82853,82854],{"class":65}," 66",[47,82856,1402],{"class":61},[47,82858,82859,82862,82864,82867,82869,82871],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82860,82861],{"class":53},"highest_score ",[47,82863,58],{"class":57},[47,82865,82866],{"class":166}," max",[47,82868,170],{"class":61},[47,82870,16267],{"class":173},[47,82872,80],{"class":61},[47,82874,82875],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,82876,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,82878,82879,82881,82883,82886],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,82880,167],{"class":166},[47,82882,170],{"class":61},[47,82884,82885],{"class":173},"highest_score",[47,82887,80],{"class":61},[14,82889,215],{},[37,82891,82893],{"className":39,"code":82892,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"91\n",[44,82894,82895],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,82896,82897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82898,82892],{"class":65},[14,82900,82901],{},"This works well for:",[291,82903,82904,82907,82910,82913],{},[294,82905,82906],{},"Scores",[294,82908,82909],{},"Prices",[294,82911,82912],{},"Ages",[294,82914,82915],{},"Counts",[14,82917,51964],{},[37,82919,82921],{"className":39,"code":82920,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[44,82922,82923,82951],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,82924,82925,82928,82930,82932,82934,82936,82939,82941,82944,82946,82949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82926,82927],{"class":53},"prices ",[47,82929,58],{"class":57},[47,82931,957],{"class":61},[47,82933,40279],{"class":65},[47,82935,69],{"class":61},[47,82937,82938],{"class":65}," 5.50",[47,82940,69],{"class":61},[47,82942,82943],{"class":65}," 12.75",[47,82945,69],{"class":61},[47,82947,82948],{"class":65}," 29.00",[47,82950,1402],{"class":61},[47,82952,82953,82955,82957,82959,82961,82964],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82954,167],{"class":166},[47,82956,170],{"class":61},[47,82958,82519],{"class":166},[47,82960,170],{"class":61},[47,82962,82963],{"class":173},"prices",[47,82965,506],{"class":61},[14,82967,215],{},[37,82969,82971],{"className":39,"code":82970,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"29.0\n",[44,82972,82973],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,82974,82975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82976,82970],{"class":65},[14,82978,82979,82980,82982,82983,30],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[44,82981,82460],{}," is simpler than ",[21,82984,82985],{"href":74400},[44,82986,74303],{},[32,82988,8294,82990,82992],{"id":82989},"using-max-with-separate-values",[44,82991,82460],{}," with separate values",[14,82994,82995],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[37,82997,82999],{"className":39,"code":82998,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[44,83000,83001],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83002,83003,83005,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017,83019,83021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83004,167],{"class":166},[47,83006,170],{"class":61},[47,83008,82519],{"class":166},[47,83010,170],{"class":61},[47,83012,1210],{"class":65},[47,83014,69],{"class":61},[47,83016,30821],{"class":65},[47,83018,69],{"class":61},[47,83020,5868],{"class":65},[47,83022,506],{"class":61},[14,83024,215],{},[37,83026,83027],{"className":39,"code":2101,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,83028,83029],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83030,83031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83032,2101],{"class":65},[14,83034,83035],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83037,83038],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[37,83040,83042],{"className":39,"code":83041,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[44,83043,83044,83053,83061,83071,83075,83098],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83045,83046,83048,83050],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83047,2430],{"class":53},[47,83049,58],{"class":57},[47,83051,83052],{"class":65}," 15\n",[47,83054,83055,83057,83059],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83056,2458],{"class":53},[47,83058,58],{"class":57},[47,83060,2645],{"class":65},[47,83062,83063,83066,83068],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,83064,83065],{"class":53},"c ",[47,83067,58],{"class":57},[47,83069,83070],{"class":65}," 27\n",[47,83072,83073],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,83074,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,83076,83077,83080,83082,83084,83086,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,83078,83079],{"class":53},"largest ",[47,83081,58],{"class":57},[47,83083,82866],{"class":166},[47,83085,170],{"class":61},[47,83087,21],{"class":173},[47,83089,69],{"class":61},[47,83091,2435],{"class":173},[47,83093,69],{"class":61},[47,83095,9557],{"class":173},[47,83097,80],{"class":61},[47,83099,83100,83102,83104,83107],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,83101,167],{"class":166},[47,83103,170],{"class":61},[47,83105,83106],{"class":173},"largest",[47,83108,80],{"class":61},[14,83110,215],{},[37,83112,83113],{"className":39,"code":46495,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,83114,83115],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83116,83117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83118,46495],{"class":65},[14,83120,83121],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[32,83123,8294,83125,46942],{"id":83124},"using-max-with-strings",[44,83126,82460],{},[14,83128,83129,83131],{},[44,83130,82460],{}," can compare strings too.",[37,83133,83135],{"className":39,"code":83134,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[44,83136,83137,83169],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83138,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155,83157,83159,83161,83163,83165,83167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83140,3943],{"class":53},[47,83142,58],{"class":57},[47,83144,957],{"class":61},[47,83146,126],{"class":125},[47,83148,405],{"class":129},[47,83150,126],{"class":125},[47,83152,69],{"class":61},[47,83154,136],{"class":125},[47,83156,3960],{"class":129},[47,83158,126],{"class":125},[47,83160,69],{"class":61},[47,83162,136],{"class":125},[47,83164,78623],{"class":129},[47,83166,126],{"class":125},[47,83168,1402],{"class":61},[47,83170,83171,83173,83175,83177,83179,83181],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83172,167],{"class":166},[47,83174,170],{"class":61},[47,83176,82519],{"class":166},[47,83178,170],{"class":61},[47,83180,3986],{"class":173},[47,83182,506],{"class":61},[14,83184,215],{},[37,83186,83187],{"className":39,"code":82625,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,83188,83189],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83190,83191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83192,82625],{"class":53},[14,83194,83195],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83197,68162],{},[291,83199,83200,83209,83212],{},[294,83201,83202,83205,83206,83208],{},[44,83203,83204],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[44,83207,65153],{}," alphabetically",[294,83210,83211],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[294,83213,83214],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83216,2083],{},[37,83218,83220],{"className":39,"code":83219,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[44,83221,83222,83255],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83223,83224,83226,83228,83230,83232,83234,83236,83238,83240,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251,83253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83225,3943],{"class":53},[47,83227,58],{"class":57},[47,83229,957],{"class":61},[47,83231,126],{"class":125},[47,83233,405],{"class":129},[47,83235,126],{"class":125},[47,83237,69],{"class":61},[47,83239,136],{"class":125},[47,83241,83242],{"class":129},"Banana",[47,83244,126],{"class":125},[47,83246,69],{"class":61},[47,83248,136],{"class":125},[47,83250,78623],{"class":129},[47,83252,126],{"class":125},[47,83254,1402],{"class":61},[47,83256,83257,83259,83261,83263,83265,83267],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83258,167],{"class":166},[47,83260,170],{"class":61},[47,83262,82519],{"class":166},[47,83264,170],{"class":61},[47,83266,3986],{"class":173},[47,83268,506],{"class":61},[14,83270,83271],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83273,83274,83275,83277],{},"You can fix that with the ",[44,83276,14720],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[32,83279,36494,83280,36497],{"id":78581},[44,83281,14720],{},[14,83283,1854,83284,83286],{},[44,83285,14720],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83288,83289],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[773,83291,83293],{"id":83292},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[37,83295,83297],{"className":39,"code":83296,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[44,83298,83299,83331],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83300,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315,83317,83319,83321,83323,83325,83327,83329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83302,3943],{"class":53},[47,83304,58],{"class":57},[47,83306,957],{"class":61},[47,83308,126],{"class":125},[47,83310,36929],{"class":129},[47,83312,126],{"class":125},[47,83314,69],{"class":61},[47,83316,136],{"class":125},[47,83318,68205],{"class":129},[47,83320,126],{"class":125},[47,83322,69],{"class":61},[47,83324,136],{"class":125},[47,83326,58010],{"class":129},[47,83328,126],{"class":125},[47,83330,1402],{"class":61},[47,83332,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83334,167],{"class":166},[47,83336,170],{"class":61},[47,83338,82519],{"class":166},[47,83340,170],{"class":61},[47,83342,3986],{"class":173},[47,83344,69],{"class":61},[47,83346,21455],{"class":9053},[47,83348,58],{"class":57},[47,83350,1698],{"class":166},[47,83352,506],{"class":61},[14,83354,215],{},[37,83356,83358],{"className":39,"code":83357,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"elephant\n",[44,83359,83360],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83361,83362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83363,83357],{"class":53},[14,83365,20648,83366,83369],{},[44,83367,83368],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83371,83372,83373,33508,83375,30],{},"If you are new to ",[44,83374,42242],{},[21,83376,83377,5657],{"href":42239},[44,83378,42242],{},[773,83380,83382],{"id":83381},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[37,83384,83386],{"className":39,"code":83385,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[44,83387,83388,83420],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83389,83390,83392,83394,83396,83398,83400,83402,83404,83406,83408,83410,83412,83414,83416,83418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83391,3943],{"class":53},[47,83393,58],{"class":57},[47,83395,957],{"class":61},[47,83397,126],{"class":125},[47,83399,405],{"class":129},[47,83401,126],{"class":125},[47,83403,69],{"class":61},[47,83405,136],{"class":125},[47,83407,83242],{"class":129},[47,83409,126],{"class":125},[47,83411,69],{"class":61},[47,83413,136],{"class":125},[47,83415,78623],{"class":129},[47,83417,126],{"class":125},[47,83419,1402],{"class":61},[47,83421,83422,83424,83426,83428,83430,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83423,167],{"class":166},[47,83425,170],{"class":61},[47,83427,82519],{"class":166},[47,83429,170],{"class":61},[47,83431,3986],{"class":173},[47,83433,69],{"class":61},[47,83435,21455],{"class":9053},[47,83437,58],{"class":57},[47,83439,3315],{"class":118},[47,83441,30],{"class":61},[47,83443,8518],{"class":24626},[47,83445,506],{"class":61},[14,83447,215],{},[37,83449,83450],{"className":39,"code":82625,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,83451,83452],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83453,83454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83455,82625],{"class":53},[14,83457,20648,83458,83460],{},[44,83459,78577],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[773,83462,83464],{"id":83463},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83466,83467,83468,2760],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[44,83469,37541],{},[37,83471,83473],{"className":39,"code":83472,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[44,83474,83475,83518],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83476,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493,83496,83498,83500,83502,83505,83507,83509,83511,83514,83516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83478,7654],{"class":53},[47,83480,58],{"class":57},[47,83482,957],{"class":61},[47,83484,126],{"class":125},[47,83486,21],{"class":129},[47,83488,126],{"class":125},[47,83490,69],{"class":61},[47,83492,136],{"class":125},[47,83494,83495],{"class":129},"bb",[47,83497,126],{"class":125},[47,83499,69],{"class":61},[47,83501,136],{"class":125},[47,83503,83504],{"class":129},"cccc",[47,83506,126],{"class":125},[47,83508,69],{"class":61},[47,83510,136],{"class":125},[47,83512,83513],{"class":129},"ddd",[47,83515,126],{"class":125},[47,83517,1402],{"class":61},[47,83519,83520,83522,83524,83526,83528,83530,83532,83534,83536,83538,83540,83542,83544,83546,83548],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83521,167],{"class":166},[47,83523,170],{"class":61},[47,83525,82519],{"class":166},[47,83527,170],{"class":61},[47,83529,7684],{"class":173},[47,83531,69],{"class":61},[47,83533,21455],{"class":9053},[47,83535,58],{"class":57},[47,83537,37541],{"class":525},[47,83539,42723],{"class":37544},[47,83541,2760],{"class":61},[47,83543,38267],{"class":166},[47,83545,170],{"class":61},[47,83547,34589],{"class":173},[47,83549,2788],{"class":61},[14,83551,215],{},[37,83553,83555],{"className":39,"code":83554,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"cccc\n",[44,83556,83557],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83558,83559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83560,83554],{"class":53},[14,83562,49433,83563,4267,83565,83567],{},[44,83564,83368],{},[44,83566,78464],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[32,83569,36494,83571,36497],{"id":83570},"using-the-default-argument",[44,83572,82815],{},[14,83574,1854,83575,83577],{},[44,83576,82815],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83579,83580],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[37,83582,83584],{"className":39,"code":83583,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[44,83585,83586,83594],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83587,83588,83590,83592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83589,54],{"class":53},[47,83591,58],{"class":57},[47,83593,7713],{"class":61},[47,83595,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612,83614],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83597,167],{"class":166},[47,83599,170],{"class":61},[47,83601,82519],{"class":166},[47,83603,170],{"class":61},[47,83605,174],{"class":173},[47,83607,69],{"class":61},[47,83609,26400],{"class":9053},[47,83611,58],{"class":57},[47,83613,1237],{"class":65},[47,83615,506],{"class":61},[14,83617,215],{},[37,83619,83620],{"className":39,"code":47135,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,83621,83622],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83623,83624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83625,47135],{"class":65},[14,83627,83628],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83630,83631,83632,83634],{},"Without ",[44,83633,82815],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83636,51964],{},[37,83638,83640],{"className":39,"code":83639,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[44,83641,83642,83650,83677],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83643,83644,83646,83648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83645,3943],{"class":53},[47,83647,58],{"class":57},[47,83649,7713],{"class":61},[47,83651,83652,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670,83673,83675],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83653,2106],{"class":53},[47,83655,58],{"class":57},[47,83657,82866],{"class":166},[47,83659,170],{"class":61},[47,83661,3986],{"class":173},[47,83663,69],{"class":61},[47,83665,26400],{"class":9053},[47,83667,58],{"class":57},[47,83669,126],{"class":125},[47,83671,83672],{"class":129},"no words found",[47,83674,126],{"class":125},[47,83676,80],{"class":61},[47,83678,83679,83681,83683,83685],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,83680,167],{"class":166},[47,83682,170],{"class":61},[47,83684,2141],{"class":173},[47,83686,80],{"class":61},[14,83688,215],{},[37,83690,83692],{"className":39,"code":83691,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"no words found\n",[44,83693,83694],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83695,83696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83697,83691],{"class":53},[14,83699,83700],{},"Important:",[291,83702,83703,83711],{},[294,83704,83705,83707,83708],{},[44,83706,82815],{}," works with ",[44,83709,83710],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[294,83712,40787,83713,83715,83716],{},[575,83714,577],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[44,83717,83718],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[32,83720,47870],{"id":47869},[14,83722,83723,83724,30],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[44,83725,82460],{},[773,83727,83729,83731],{"id":83728},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[44,83730,40585],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83733,83734,83735,45791,83737,30],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[44,83736,82815],{},[44,83738,40585],{},[37,83740,83742],{"className":39,"code":83741,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[44,83743,83744,83752],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83745,83746,83748,83750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83747,54],{"class":53},[47,83749,58],{"class":57},[47,83751,7713],{"class":61},[47,83753,83754,83756,83758,83760,83762,83764],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83755,167],{"class":166},[47,83757,170],{"class":61},[47,83759,82519],{"class":166},[47,83761,170],{"class":61},[47,83763,174],{"class":173},[47,83765,506],{"class":61},[14,83767,29558],{},[37,83769,83771],{"className":39,"code":83770,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[44,83772,83773],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83774,83775,83777,83779,83781,83783,83786,83788],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83776,40585],{"class":118},[47,83778,2760],{"class":61},[47,83780,82866],{"class":166},[47,83782,550],{"class":61},[47,83784,83785],{"class":53}," arg ",[47,83787,12073],{"class":57},[47,83789,83790],{"class":53}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83792,83793,83794,2760],{},"Fix it by using ",[44,83795,82815],{},[37,83797,83799],{"className":39,"code":83798,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[44,83800,83801,83809],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83802,83803,83805,83807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83804,54],{"class":53},[47,83806,58],{"class":57},[47,83808,7713],{"class":61},[47,83810,83811,83813,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83812,167],{"class":166},[47,83814,170],{"class":61},[47,83816,82519],{"class":166},[47,83818,170],{"class":61},[47,83820,174],{"class":173},[47,83822,69],{"class":61},[47,83824,26400],{"class":9053},[47,83826,58],{"class":57},[47,83828,3652],{"class":412},[47,83830,506],{"class":61},[14,83832,83833,83834,30],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[21,83835,65718],{"href":72757},[773,83837,83839,83841],{"id":83838},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[44,83840,2879],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83843,83844,83845,30],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[44,83846,2879],{},[37,83848,83850],{"className":39,"code":83849,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[44,83851,83852,83876],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83853,83854,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866,83868,83870,83872,83874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83855,7654],{"class":53},[47,83857,58],{"class":57},[47,83859,957],{"class":61},[47,83861,960],{"class":65},[47,83863,69],{"class":61},[47,83865,136],{"class":125},[47,83867,15632],{"class":129},[47,83869,126],{"class":125},[47,83871,69],{"class":61},[47,83873,7669],{"class":65},[47,83875,1402],{"class":61},[47,83877,83878,83880,83882,83884,83886,83888],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83879,167],{"class":166},[47,83881,170],{"class":61},[47,83883,82519],{"class":166},[47,83885,170],{"class":61},[47,83887,7684],{"class":173},[47,83889,506],{"class":61},[14,83891,83892],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83894,83895],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[37,83897,83899],{"className":39,"code":83898,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[44,83900,83901,83921],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83902,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911,83913,83915,83917,83919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83904,7654],{"class":53},[47,83906,58],{"class":57},[47,83908,957],{"class":61},[47,83910,960],{"class":65},[47,83912,69],{"class":61},[47,83914,965],{"class":65},[47,83916,69],{"class":61},[47,83918,7669],{"class":65},[47,83920,1402],{"class":61},[47,83922,83923,83925,83927,83929,83931,83933],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83924,167],{"class":166},[47,83926,170],{"class":61},[47,83928,82519],{"class":166},[47,83930,170],{"class":61},[47,83932,7684],{"class":173},[47,83934,506],{"class":61},[14,83936,83937,83938,30],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[21,83939,83941],{"href":83940},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[773,83943,83945,83947],{"id":83944},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[44,83946,2879],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,83949,83950,83952],{},[44,83951,82460],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[37,83954,83956],{"className":39,"code":83955,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(max())\n",[44,83957,83958],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,83959,83960,83962,83964,83966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83961,167],{"class":166},[47,83963,170],{"class":61},[47,83965,82519],{"class":166},[47,83967,7068],{"class":61},[14,83969,2876,83970,30],{},[44,83971,2879],{},[32,83973,83975,10461,83977],{"id":83974},"max-vs-sorted",[44,83976,82460],{},[44,83978,74303],{},[14,83980,83981],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,83983,83984,2760],{},[44,83985,82460],{},[291,83987,83988],{},[294,83989,83990],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,83992,83993,2760],{},[44,83994,74303],{},[291,83996,83997],{},[294,83998,83999],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84001,2083],{},[37,84003,84005],{"className":39,"code":84004,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[44,84006,84007,84031,84035,84049],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84008,84009,84011,84013,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84010,54],{"class":53},[47,84012,58],{"class":57},[47,84014,957],{"class":61},[47,84016,1937],{"class":65},[47,84018,69],{"class":61},[47,84020,6234],{"class":65},[47,84022,69],{"class":61},[47,84024,72],{"class":65},[47,84026,69],{"class":61},[47,84028,4480],{"class":65},[47,84030,1402],{"class":61},[47,84032,84033],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84034,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,84036,84037,84039,84041,84043,84045,84047],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,84038,167],{"class":166},[47,84040,170],{"class":61},[47,84042,82519],{"class":166},[47,84044,170],{"class":61},[47,84046,174],{"class":173},[47,84048,506],{"class":61},[47,84050,84051,84053,84055,84057,84059,84061],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,84052,167],{"class":166},[47,84054,170],{"class":61},[47,84056,74393],{"class":166},[47,84058,170],{"class":61},[47,84060,174],{"class":173},[47,84062,506],{"class":61},[14,84064,215],{},[37,84066,84068],{"className":39,"code":84067,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[44,84069,84070,84074],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84071,84072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84073,2258],{"class":65},[47,84075,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84077,3773],{"class":61},[47,84079,1931],{"class":65},[47,84081,69],{"class":61},[47,84083,77],{"class":65},[47,84085,69],{"class":61},[47,84087,4480],{"class":65},[47,84089,69],{"class":61},[47,84091,6234],{"class":65},[47,84093,1402],{"class":61},[14,84095,1967,84096,84098],{},[44,84097,82460],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84100,1967,84101,84105],{},[21,84102,84103],{"href":74400},[44,84104,74303],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84107,84108,84109,30],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[21,84110,84112],{"href":84111},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[44,84113,84114],{},"min()",[32,84116,1284],{"id":1283},[14,84118,84119],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[291,84121,84122,84129,84132,84137,84140],{},[294,84123,29527,84124,84126,84127],{},[44,84125,82460],{}," on an empty list without ",[44,84128,82815],{},[294,84130,84131],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[294,84133,8330,84134,84136],{},[44,84135,82460],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[294,84138,84139],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[294,84141,8294,84142,84144],{},[44,84143,82815],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84146,10990],{},[37,84148,84150],{"className":39,"code":84149,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[44,84151,84152,84162,84176,84190,84204,84226],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84153,84154,84156,84158,84160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84155,167],{"class":166},[47,84157,170],{"class":61},[47,84159,7684],{"class":173},[47,84161,80],{"class":61},[47,84163,84164,84166,84168,84170,84172,84174],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84165,167],{"class":166},[47,84167,170],{"class":61},[47,84169,499],{"class":118},[47,84171,170],{"class":61},[47,84173,7684],{"class":173},[47,84175,506],{"class":61},[47,84177,84178,84180,84182,84184,84186,84188],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,84179,167],{"class":166},[47,84181,170],{"class":61},[47,84183,1698],{"class":166},[47,84185,170],{"class":61},[47,84187,7684],{"class":173},[47,84189,506],{"class":61},[47,84191,84192,84194,84196,84198,84200,84202],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,84193,167],{"class":166},[47,84195,170],{"class":61},[47,84197,82519],{"class":166},[47,84199,170],{"class":61},[47,84201,7684],{"class":173},[47,84203,506],{"class":61},[47,84205,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220,84222,84224],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,84207,167],{"class":166},[47,84209,170],{"class":61},[47,84211,82519],{"class":166},[47,84213,170],{"class":61},[47,84215,7684],{"class":173},[47,84217,69],{"class":61},[47,84219,26400],{"class":9053},[47,84221,58],{"class":57},[47,84223,3652],{"class":412},[47,84225,506],{"class":61},[47,84227,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240,84242,84244,84246,84248],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,84229,167],{"class":166},[47,84231,122],{"class":61},[47,84233,499],{"class":118},[47,84235,170],{"class":61},[47,84237,2049],{"class":173},[47,84239,3533],{"class":61},[47,84241,3750],{"class":3749},[47,84243,3753],{"class":173},[47,84245,3756],{"class":3749},[47,84247,5840],{"class":173},[47,84249,153],{"class":61},[14,84251,84252],{},"These are useful for checking:",[291,84254,84255,84260,84265,84268],{},[294,84256,84257,84258],{},"What is actually inside ",[44,84259,7684],{},[294,84261,79630,84262,84264],{},[44,84263,7684],{}," is a list or some other type",[294,84266,84267],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[294,84269,84270],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84272,69226,84273,84276,84277,84279],{},[44,84274,84275],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[44,84278,7684],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[32,84281,1708],{"id":1707},[773,84283,1744,84285,5020],{"id":84284},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[44,84286,82460],{},[14,84288,84289],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[773,84291,5044,84293,84295],{"id":84292},"can-max-work-with-strings",[44,84294,82460],{}," work with strings?",[14,84297,84298],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[773,84300,71525],{"id":71524},[14,84302,84303,52379,84305,84307,84308,84310],{},[44,84304,82460],{},[44,84306,40585],{}," unless you use the ",[44,84309,82815],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[773,84312,84314,84315,2368],{"id":84313},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[44,84316,82460],{},[14,84318,1967,84319,2760],{},[44,84320,83368],{},[37,84322,84323],{"className":39,"code":83296,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,84324,84325,84357],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84326,84327,84329,84331,84333,84335,84337,84339,84341,84343,84345,84347,84349,84351,84353,84355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84328,3943],{"class":53},[47,84330,58],{"class":57},[47,84332,957],{"class":61},[47,84334,126],{"class":125},[47,84336,36929],{"class":129},[47,84338,126],{"class":125},[47,84340,69],{"class":61},[47,84342,136],{"class":125},[47,84344,68205],{"class":129},[47,84346,126],{"class":125},[47,84348,69],{"class":61},[47,84350,136],{"class":125},[47,84352,58010],{"class":129},[47,84354,126],{"class":125},[47,84356,1402],{"class":61},[47,84358,84359,84361,84363,84365,84367,84369,84371,84373,84375,84377],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84360,167],{"class":166},[47,84362,170],{"class":61},[47,84364,82519],{"class":166},[47,84366,170],{"class":61},[47,84368,3986],{"class":173},[47,84370,69],{"class":61},[47,84372,21455],{"class":9053},[47,84374,58],{"class":57},[47,84376,1698],{"class":166},[47,84378,506],{"class":61},[773,84380,5054,84382,4267,84384,2368],{"id":84381},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[44,84383,82460],{},[44,84385,74303],{},[14,84387,84388,84390,84391,84393],{},[44,84389,82460],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":84432},[84433,84434,84436,84437,84439,84441,84443,84448,84450,84458,84460,84461,84472],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":82650,"depth":83,"text":84435},"What max() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":82819,"depth":83,"text":84438},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82989,"depth":83,"text":84440},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83124,"depth":83,"text":84442},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78581,"depth":83,"text":79779,"children":84444},[84445,84446,84447],{"id":83292,"depth":94,"text":83293},{"id":83381,"depth":94,"text":83382},{"id":83463,"depth":94,"text":83464},{"id":83570,"depth":83,"text":84449},"Using the default argument",{"id":47869,"depth":83,"text":47870,"children":84451},[84452,84454,84456],{"id":83728,"depth":94,"text":84453},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83838,"depth":94,"text":84455},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83944,"depth":94,"text":84457},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83974,"depth":83,"text":84459},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":84462},[84463,84465,84467,84468,84470],{"id":84284,"depth":94,"text":84464},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84292,"depth":94,"text":84466},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71524,"depth":94,"text":71525},{"id":84313,"depth":94,"text":84469},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84381,"depth":94,"text":84471},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82452,"description":84473},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84480,"title":84481,"body":84482,"description":86436,"extension":1837,"meta":86437,"navigation":159,"path":86438,"seo":86439,"stem":86440,"__hash__":86441},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84483,"toc":86393},[84484,84489,84494,84500,84502,84576,84578,84591,84596,84601,84617,84621,84626,84702,84708,84711,84754,84756,84764,84770,84773,84804,84806,84814,84820,84825,84884,84886,84895,84898,84908,84914,84919,84954,84956,84964,84970,84976,84981,85025,85027,85036,85039,85079,85081,85090,85093,85105,85110,85115,85166,85168,85177,85180,85231,85233,85242,85245,85252,85258,85263,85265,85280,85284,85344,85346,85355,85359,85531,85533,85570,85577,85583,85586,85613,85615,85636,85641,85676,85678,85686,85689,85692,85708,85713,85715,85719,85725,85729,85756,85759,85769,85809,85813,85816,85859,85861,85870,85873,85878,85947,85949,85957,85962,85966,85969,86020,86022,86030,86033,86096,86098,86106,86109,86114,86118,86131,86138,86146,86148,86150,86180,86186,86287,86297,86299,86304,86307,86312,86315,86317,86325,86333,86341,86348,86356,86358,86390],[10,84485,3448,84487,3452],{"id":84486},"python-min-function-explained",[44,84488,84114],{},[14,84490,84491,84493],{},[44,84492,84114],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84495,84496,84497,84499],{},"This page explains what ",[44,84498,84114],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[32,84501,35],{"id":34},[37,84503,84505],{"className":39,"code":84504,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[44,84506,84507,84531,84546,84550],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84508,84509,84511,84513,84515,84517,84519,84521,84523,84525,84527,84529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84510,54],{"class":53},[47,84512,58],{"class":57},[47,84514,957],{"class":61},[47,84516,104],{"class":65},[47,84518,69],{"class":61},[47,84520,72],{"class":65},[47,84522,69],{"class":61},[47,84524,54021],{"class":65},[47,84526,69],{"class":61},[47,84528,1242],{"class":65},[47,84530,1402],{"class":61},[47,84532,84533,84535,84537,84540,84542,84544],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84534,167],{"class":166},[47,84536,170],{"class":61},[47,84538,84539],{"class":166},"min",[47,84541,170],{"class":61},[47,84543,174],{"class":173},[47,84545,506],{"class":61},[47,84547,84548],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,84549,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,84551,84552,84554,84556,84558,84560,84562,84564,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,84553,167],{"class":166},[47,84555,170],{"class":61},[47,84557,84539],{"class":166},[47,84559,170],{"class":61},[47,84561,104],{"class":65},[47,84563,69],{"class":61},[47,84565,72],{"class":65},[47,84567,69],{"class":61},[47,84569,54021],{"class":65},[47,84571,69],{"class":61},[47,84573,1242],{"class":65},[47,84575,506],{"class":61},[14,84577,215],{},[37,84579,84581],{"className":39,"code":84580,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1\n1\n",[44,84582,84583,84587],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84584,84585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84586,46800],{"class":65},[47,84588,84589],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84590,46800],{"class":65},[14,84592,1967,84593,84595],{},[44,84594,84114],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[32,84597,3550,84599,3553],{"id":84598},"what-min-does",[44,84600,84114],{},[291,84602,84603,84608,84611,84614],{},[294,84604,84605,84607],{},[44,84606,84114],{}," returns the smallest item",[294,84609,84610],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[294,84612,84613],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[294,84615,84616],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[32,84618,84620],{"id":84619},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84622,84623,84624,2760],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[44,84625,84114],{},[37,84627,84629],{"className":39,"code":84628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[44,84630,84631,84641,84666,84684],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84632,84633,84635,84637,84639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84634,84539],{"class":166},[47,84636,170],{"class":61},[47,84638,3594],{"class":173},[47,84640,80],{"class":61},[47,84642,84643,84645,84647,84650,84652,84655,84657,84660,84662,84664],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84644,84539],{"class":166},[47,84646,170],{"class":61},[47,84648,84649],{"class":173},"value1",[47,84651,69],{"class":61},[47,84653,84654],{"class":173}," value2",[47,84656,69],{"class":61},[47,84658,84659],{"class":173}," value3",[47,84661,69],{"class":61},[47,84663,34334],{"class":166},[47,84665,80],{"class":61},[47,84667,84668,84670,84672,84674,84676,84678,84680,84682],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,84669,84539],{"class":166},[47,84671,170],{"class":61},[47,84673,3594],{"class":173},[47,84675,69],{"class":61},[47,84677,21455],{"class":9053},[47,84679,58],{"class":57},[47,84681,37252],{"class":166},[47,84683,80],{"class":61},[47,84685,84686,84688,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,84687,84539],{"class":166},[47,84689,170],{"class":61},[47,84691,3594],{"class":173},[47,84693,69],{"class":61},[47,84695,26400],{"class":9053},[47,84697,58],{"class":57},[47,84699,37252],{"class":166},[47,84701,80],{"class":61},[773,84703,84705],{"id":84704},"miniterable",[44,84706,84707],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84709,84710],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[37,84712,84714],{"className":39,"code":84713,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[44,84715,84716,84740],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84717,84718,84720,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734,84736,84738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84719,54],{"class":53},[47,84721,58],{"class":57},[47,84723,957],{"class":61},[47,84725,2222],{"class":65},[47,84727,69],{"class":61},[47,84729,77],{"class":65},[47,84731,69],{"class":61},[47,84733,30821],{"class":65},[47,84735,69],{"class":61},[47,84737,1242],{"class":65},[47,84739,1402],{"class":61},[47,84741,84742,84744,84746,84748,84750,84752],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84743,167],{"class":166},[47,84745,170],{"class":61},[47,84747,84539],{"class":166},[47,84749,170],{"class":61},[47,84751,174],{"class":173},[47,84753,506],{"class":61},[14,84755,215],{},[37,84757,84758],{"className":39,"code":46800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,84759,84760],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84761,84762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84763,46800],{"class":65},[773,84765,84767],{"id":84766},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[44,84768,84769],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84771,84772],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[37,84774,84776],{"className":39,"code":84775,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[44,84777,84778],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84779,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792,84794,84796,84798,84800,84802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84781,167],{"class":166},[47,84783,170],{"class":61},[47,84785,84539],{"class":166},[47,84787,170],{"class":61},[47,84789,2222],{"class":65},[47,84791,69],{"class":61},[47,84793,77],{"class":65},[47,84795,69],{"class":61},[47,84797,30821],{"class":65},[47,84799,69],{"class":61},[47,84801,1242],{"class":65},[47,84803,506],{"class":61},[14,84805,215],{},[37,84807,84808],{"className":39,"code":46800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,84809,84810],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84811,84812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84813,46800],{"class":65},[773,84815,84817],{"id":84816},"miniterable-key",[44,84818,84819],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84821,1967,84822,84824],{},[44,84823,14720],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[37,84826,84828],{"className":39,"code":84827,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[44,84829,84830,84862],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84831,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858,84860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84833,3943],{"class":53},[47,84835,58],{"class":57},[47,84837,957],{"class":61},[47,84839,126],{"class":125},[47,84841,78623],{"class":129},[47,84843,126],{"class":125},[47,84845,69],{"class":61},[47,84847,136],{"class":125},[47,84849,38222],{"class":129},[47,84851,126],{"class":125},[47,84853,69],{"class":61},[47,84855,136],{"class":125},[47,84857,3960],{"class":129},[47,84859,126],{"class":125},[47,84861,1402],{"class":61},[47,84863,84864,84866,84868,84870,84872,84874,84876,84878,84880,84882],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84865,167],{"class":166},[47,84867,170],{"class":61},[47,84869,84539],{"class":166},[47,84871,170],{"class":61},[47,84873,3986],{"class":173},[47,84875,69],{"class":61},[47,84877,21455],{"class":9053},[47,84879,58],{"class":57},[47,84881,1698],{"class":166},[47,84883,506],{"class":61},[14,84885,215],{},[37,84887,84889],{"className":39,"code":84888,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"kiwi\n",[44,84890,84891],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84892,84893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84894,84888],{"class":53},[14,84896,84897],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,84899,84900,84901,84903,84904,30],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[44,84902,42242],{},", see the ",[21,84905,84906,3381],{"href":42239},[44,84907,42242],{},[773,84909,84911],{"id":84910},"miniterable-default",[44,84912,84913],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,84915,1967,84916,84918],{},[44,84917,82815],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[37,84920,84922],{"className":39,"code":84921,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[44,84923,84924,84932],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84925,84926,84928,84930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84927,54],{"class":53},[47,84929,58],{"class":57},[47,84931,7713],{"class":61},[47,84933,84934,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84935,167],{"class":166},[47,84937,170],{"class":61},[47,84939,84539],{"class":166},[47,84941,170],{"class":61},[47,84943,174],{"class":173},[47,84945,69],{"class":61},[47,84947,26400],{"class":9053},[47,84949,58],{"class":57},[47,84951,1237],{"class":65},[47,84953,506],{"class":61},[14,84955,215],{},[37,84957,84958],{"className":39,"code":47135,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,84959,84960],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84961,84962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84963,47135],{"class":65},[14,84965,84966,84967,84969],{},"This avoids a ",[44,84968,40585],{}," when there is no item to return.",[32,84971,8294,84973,84975],{"id":84972},"using-min-with-numbers",[44,84974,84114],{}," with numbers",[14,84977,84978,84980],{},[44,84979,84114],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[37,84982,84984],{"className":39,"code":84983,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[44,84985,84986,85011],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,84987,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998,85001,85003,85005,85007,85009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84989,4939],{"class":53},[47,84991,58],{"class":57},[47,84993,957],{"class":61},[47,84995,51389],{"class":65},[47,84997,69],{"class":61},[47,84999,85000],{"class":65}," 72",[47,85002,69],{"class":61},[47,85004,28783],{"class":65},[47,85006,69],{"class":61},[47,85008,75979],{"class":65},[47,85010,1402],{"class":61},[47,85012,85013,85015,85017,85019,85021,85023],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85014,167],{"class":166},[47,85016,170],{"class":61},[47,85018,84539],{"class":166},[47,85020,170],{"class":61},[47,85022,16267],{"class":173},[47,85024,506],{"class":61},[14,85026,215],{},[37,85028,85030],{"className":39,"code":85029,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"60\n",[44,85031,85032],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85033,85034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85035,85029],{"class":65},[14,85037,85038],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[37,85040,85042],{"className":39,"code":85041,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[44,85043,85044,85065],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85045,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056,85059,85061,85063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85047,82927],{"class":53},[47,85049,58],{"class":57},[47,85051,957],{"class":61},[47,85053,40279],{"class":65},[47,85055,69],{"class":61},[47,85057,85058],{"class":65}," 5.49",[47,85060,69],{"class":61},[47,85062,82943],{"class":65},[47,85064,1402],{"class":61},[47,85066,85067,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85068,167],{"class":166},[47,85070,170],{"class":61},[47,85072,84539],{"class":166},[47,85074,170],{"class":61},[47,85076,82963],{"class":173},[47,85078,506],{"class":61},[14,85080,215],{},[37,85082,85084],{"className":39,"code":85083,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5.49\n",[44,85085,85086],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85087,85088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85089,85083],{"class":65},[14,85091,85092],{},"This is useful for things like:",[291,85094,85095,85097,85099,85102],{},[294,85096,16267],{},[294,85098,82963],{},[294,85100,85101],{},"measurements",[294,85103,85104],{},"ages",[32,85106,8294,85108,46942],{"id":85107},"using-min-with-strings",[44,85109,84114],{},[14,85111,85112,85114],{},[44,85113,84114],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[37,85116,85118],{"className":39,"code":85117,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[44,85119,85120,85152],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85121,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146,85148,85150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85123,3943],{"class":53},[47,85125,58],{"class":57},[47,85127,957],{"class":61},[47,85129,126],{"class":125},[47,85131,3960],{"class":129},[47,85133,126],{"class":125},[47,85135,69],{"class":61},[47,85137,136],{"class":125},[47,85139,405],{"class":129},[47,85141,126],{"class":125},[47,85143,69],{"class":61},[47,85145,136],{"class":125},[47,85147,3969],{"class":129},[47,85149,126],{"class":125},[47,85151,1402],{"class":61},[47,85153,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162,85164],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85155,167],{"class":166},[47,85157,170],{"class":61},[47,85159,84539],{"class":166},[47,85161,170],{"class":61},[47,85163,3986],{"class":173},[47,85165,506],{"class":61},[14,85167,215],{},[37,85169,85171],{"className":39,"code":85170,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"apple\n",[44,85172,85173],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85174,85175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85176,85170],{"class":53},[14,85178,85179],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[37,85181,85183],{"className":39,"code":85182,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[44,85184,85185,85217],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85186,85187,85189,85191,85193,85195,85197,85199,85201,85203,85205,85207,85209,85211,85213,85215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85188,3943],{"class":53},[47,85190,58],{"class":57},[47,85192,957],{"class":61},[47,85194,126],{"class":125},[47,85196,3960],{"class":129},[47,85198,126],{"class":125},[47,85200,69],{"class":61},[47,85202,136],{"class":125},[47,85204,57651],{"class":129},[47,85206,126],{"class":125},[47,85208,69],{"class":61},[47,85210,136],{"class":125},[47,85212,3969],{"class":129},[47,85214,126],{"class":125},[47,85216,1402],{"class":61},[47,85218,85219,85221,85223,85225,85227,85229],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85220,167],{"class":166},[47,85222,170],{"class":61},[47,85224,84539],{"class":166},[47,85226,170],{"class":61},[47,85228,3986],{"class":173},[47,85230,506],{"class":61},[14,85232,215],{},[37,85234,85236],{"className":39,"code":85235,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Apple\n",[44,85237,85238],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85239,85240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85241,85235],{"class":53},[14,85243,85244],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85246,85247,85248,30],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[21,85249,85250,5657],{"href":74400},[44,85251,74303],{},[32,85253,8294,85255,85257],{"id":85254},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[44,85256,84114],{}," with a key function",[14,85259,1854,85260,85262],{},[44,85261,14720],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85264,11336],{},[291,85266,85267,85272,85277],{},[294,85268,85269,85271],{},[44,85270,14720],{}," changes the comparison rule",[294,85273,85274,85276],{},[44,85275,84114],{}," still returns the original item",[294,85278,85279],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[773,85281,85283],{"id":85282},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[37,85285,85287],{"className":39,"code":85286,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[44,85288,85289,85322],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85290,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85318,85320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85292,3943],{"class":53},[47,85294,58],{"class":57},[47,85296,957],{"class":61},[47,85298,126],{"class":125},[47,85300,68205],{"class":129},[47,85302,126],{"class":125},[47,85304,69],{"class":61},[47,85306,136],{"class":125},[47,85308,36929],{"class":129},[47,85310,126],{"class":125},[47,85312,69],{"class":61},[47,85314,136],{"class":125},[47,85316,85317],{"class":129},"giraffe",[47,85319,126],{"class":125},[47,85321,1402],{"class":61},[47,85323,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85325,167],{"class":166},[47,85327,170],{"class":61},[47,85329,84539],{"class":166},[47,85331,170],{"class":61},[47,85333,3986],{"class":173},[47,85335,69],{"class":61},[47,85337,21455],{"class":9053},[47,85339,58],{"class":57},[47,85341,1698],{"class":166},[47,85343,506],{"class":61},[14,85345,215],{},[37,85347,85349],{"className":39,"code":85348,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"cat\n",[44,85350,85351],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85352,85353],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85354,85348],{"class":53},[773,85356,85358],{"id":85357},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[37,85360,85362],{"className":39,"code":85361,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[44,85363,85364,85374,85409,85441,85473,85477,85481,85520],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85365,85366,85369,85371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85367,85368],{"class":53},"students ",[47,85370,58],{"class":57},[47,85372,85373],{"class":61}," [\n",[47,85375,85376,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85400,85402,85404,85406],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85377,85378],{"class":61},"    {",[47,85380,126],{"class":125},[47,85382,7542],{"class":129},[47,85384,126],{"class":125},[47,85386,2760],{"class":61},[47,85388,136],{"class":125},[47,85390,12760],{"class":129},[47,85392,126],{"class":125},[47,85394,69],{"class":61},[47,85396,136],{"class":125},[47,85398,85399],{"class":129},"score",[47,85401,126],{"class":125},[47,85403,2760],{"class":61},[47,85405,13385],{"class":65},[47,85407,85408],{"class":61},"},\n",[47,85410,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,85412,85378],{"class":61},[47,85414,126],{"class":125},[47,85416,7542],{"class":129},[47,85418,126],{"class":125},[47,85420,2760],{"class":61},[47,85422,136],{"class":125},[47,85424,35823],{"class":129},[47,85426,126],{"class":125},[47,85428,69],{"class":61},[47,85430,136],{"class":125},[47,85432,85399],{"class":129},[47,85434,126],{"class":125},[47,85436,2760],{"class":61},[47,85438,85000],{"class":65},[47,85440,85408],{"class":61},[47,85442,85443,85445,85447,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,85444,85378],{"class":61},[47,85446,126],{"class":125},[47,85448,7542],{"class":129},[47,85450,126],{"class":125},[47,85452,2760],{"class":61},[47,85454,136],{"class":125},[47,85456,35832],{"class":129},[47,85458,126],{"class":125},[47,85460,69],{"class":61},[47,85462,136],{"class":125},[47,85464,85399],{"class":129},[47,85466,126],{"class":125},[47,85468,2760],{"class":61},[47,85470,19775],{"class":65},[47,85472,9184],{"class":61},[47,85474,85475],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,85476,1402],{"class":61},[47,85478,85479],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,85480,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,85482,85483,85486,85488,85491,85493,85496,85498,85500,85502,85504,85506,85508,85510,85512,85514,85516,85518],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,85484,85485],{"class":53},"lowest ",[47,85487,58],{"class":57},[47,85489,85490],{"class":166}," min",[47,85492,170],{"class":61},[47,85494,85495],{"class":173},"students",[47,85497,69],{"class":61},[47,85499,21455],{"class":9053},[47,85501,58],{"class":57},[47,85503,37541],{"class":525},[47,85505,12786],{"class":37544},[47,85507,2760],{"class":61},[47,85509,12786],{"class":173},[47,85511,3773],{"class":61},[47,85513,126],{"class":125},[47,85515,85399],{"class":129},[47,85517,126],{"class":125},[47,85519,153],{"class":61},[47,85521,85522,85524,85526,85529],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,85523,167],{"class":166},[47,85525,170],{"class":61},[47,85527,85528],{"class":173},"lowest",[47,85530,80],{"class":61},[14,85532,215],{},[37,85534,85536],{"className":39,"code":85535,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[44,85537,85538],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85539,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85541,9153],{"class":61},[47,85543,256],{"class":125},[47,85545,7542],{"class":129},[47,85547,256],{"class":125},[47,85549,2760],{"class":61},[47,85551,265],{"class":125},[47,85553,35823],{"class":129},[47,85555,256],{"class":125},[47,85557,69],{"class":61},[47,85559,265],{"class":125},[47,85561,85399],{"class":129},[47,85563,256],{"class":125},[47,85565,2760],{"class":61},[47,85567,85000],{"class":65},[47,85569,9184],{"class":61},[14,85571,85572,85573,85576],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[44,85574,85575],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[32,85578,8294,85580,85582],{"id":85579},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[44,85581,82815],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85584,85585],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[37,85587,85589],{"className":39,"code":85588,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[44,85590,85591,85599],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85592,85593,85595,85597],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85594,54],{"class":53},[47,85596,58],{"class":57},[47,85598,7713],{"class":61},[47,85600,85601,85603,85605,85607,85609,85611],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85602,167],{"class":166},[47,85604,170],{"class":61},[47,85606,84539],{"class":166},[47,85608,170],{"class":61},[47,85610,174],{"class":173},[47,85612,506],{"class":61},[14,85614,215],{},[37,85616,85618],{"className":39,"code":85617,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[44,85619,85620],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85621,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85623,40585],{"class":118},[47,85625,2760],{"class":61},[47,85627,85490],{"class":166},[47,85629,550],{"class":61},[47,85631,83785],{"class":53},[47,85633,12073],{"class":57},[47,85635,83790],{"class":53},[14,85637,85638,85639,2760],{},"To avoid that, use ",[44,85640,82815],{},[37,85642,85644],{"className":39,"code":85643,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[44,85645,85646,85654],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85647,85648,85650,85652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85649,54],{"class":53},[47,85651,58],{"class":57},[47,85653,7713],{"class":61},[47,85655,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85657,167],{"class":166},[47,85659,170],{"class":61},[47,85661,84539],{"class":166},[47,85663,170],{"class":61},[47,85665,174],{"class":173},[47,85667,69],{"class":61},[47,85669,26400],{"class":9053},[47,85671,58],{"class":57},[47,85673,3652],{"class":412},[47,85675,506],{"class":61},[14,85677,215],{},[37,85679,85680],{"className":39,"code":11687,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,85681,85682],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85683,85684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85685,11687],{"class":412},[14,85687,85688],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85690,85691],{},"Remember:",[291,85693,85694,85702],{},[294,85695,85696,85698,85699,85701],{},[44,85697,82815],{}," works only when ",[44,85700,84114],{}," gets one iterable argument",[294,85703,85704,85705],{},"It does not work with ",[44,85706,85707],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85709,85710,85711,30],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[21,85712,65718],{"href":72757},[32,85714,10621],{"id":10620},[14,85716,56659,85717,30],{},[44,85718,84114],{},[773,85720,85722,85723],{"id":85721},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[44,85724,82815],{},[14,85726,2876,85727,2760],{},[44,85728,40585],{},[37,85730,85732],{"className":39,"code":85731,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[44,85733,85734,85742],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85735,85736,85738,85740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85737,7654],{"class":53},[47,85739,58],{"class":57},[47,85741,7713],{"class":61},[47,85743,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752,85754],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85745,167],{"class":166},[47,85747,170],{"class":61},[47,85749,84539],{"class":166},[47,85751,170],{"class":61},[47,85753,7684],{"class":173},[47,85755,506],{"class":61},[14,85757,85758],{},"Fix it by:",[291,85760,85761,85764],{},[294,85762,85763],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[294,85765,85766,85767],{},"or using ",[44,85768,82815],{},[37,85770,85772],{"className":39,"code":85771,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[44,85773,85774,85782],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85775,85776,85778,85780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85777,7654],{"class":53},[47,85779,58],{"class":57},[47,85781,7713],{"class":61},[47,85783,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802,85805,85807],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85785,167],{"class":166},[47,85787,170],{"class":61},[47,85789,84539],{"class":166},[47,85791,170],{"class":61},[47,85793,7684],{"class":173},[47,85795,69],{"class":61},[47,85797,26400],{"class":9053},[47,85799,58],{"class":57},[47,85801,126],{"class":125},[47,85803,85804],{"class":129},"no items",[47,85806,126],{"class":125},[47,85808,506],{"class":61},[773,85810,85812],{"id":85811},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85814,85815],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[37,85817,85819],{"className":39,"code":85818,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[44,85820,85821,85845],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85822,85823,85825,85827,85829,85831,85833,85835,85837,85839,85841,85843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85824,392],{"class":53},[47,85826,58],{"class":57},[47,85828,957],{"class":61},[47,85830,960],{"class":65},[47,85832,69],{"class":61},[47,85834,136],{"class":125},[47,85836,15632],{"class":129},[47,85838,126],{"class":125},[47,85840,69],{"class":61},[47,85842,4480],{"class":65},[47,85844,1402],{"class":61},[47,85846,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855,85857],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85848,167],{"class":166},[47,85850,170],{"class":61},[47,85852,84539],{"class":166},[47,85854,170],{"class":61},[47,85856,424],{"class":173},[47,85858,506],{"class":61},[14,85860,215],{},[37,85862,85864],{"className":39,"code":85863,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"TypeError\n",[44,85865,85866],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85867,85868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85869,85863],{"class":118},[14,85871,85872],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85874,85875,85876,30],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[44,85877,84114],{},[37,85879,85881],{"className":39,"code":85880,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[44,85882,85883,85907,85933],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85884,85885,85887,85889,85891,85893,85895,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85886,392],{"class":53},[47,85888,58],{"class":57},[47,85890,957],{"class":61},[47,85892,960],{"class":65},[47,85894,69],{"class":61},[47,85896,136],{"class":125},[47,85898,15632],{"class":129},[47,85900,126],{"class":125},[47,85902,69],{"class":61},[47,85904,4480],{"class":65},[47,85906,1402],{"class":61},[47,85908,85909,85911,85913,85915,85917,85919,85921,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85910,54],{"class":53},[47,85912,58],{"class":57},[47,85914,957],{"class":61},[47,85916,644],{"class":118},[47,85918,170],{"class":61},[47,85920,2049],{"class":173},[47,85922,3533],{"class":61},[47,85924,3750],{"class":3749},[47,85926,3753],{"class":53},[47,85928,3756],{"class":3749},[47,85930,14445],{"class":53},[47,85932,1402],{"class":61},[47,85934,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,85936,167],{"class":166},[47,85938,170],{"class":61},[47,85940,84539],{"class":166},[47,85942,170],{"class":61},[47,85944,174],{"class":173},[47,85946,506],{"class":61},[14,85948,215],{},[37,85950,85951],{"className":39,"code":633,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,85952,85953],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85954,85955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85956,633],{"class":65},[14,85958,85959,85960,30],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[44,85961,2879],{},[773,85963,85965],{"id":85964},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,85967,85968],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[37,85970,85972],{"className":39,"code":85971,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[44,85973,85974,86006],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,85975,85976,85978,85980,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996,85998,86000,86002,86004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85977,3943],{"class":53},[47,85979,58],{"class":57},[47,85981,957],{"class":61},[47,85983,126],{"class":125},[47,85985,79439],{"class":129},[47,85987,126],{"class":125},[47,85989,69],{"class":61},[47,85991,136],{"class":125},[47,85993,57651],{"class":129},[47,85995,126],{"class":125},[47,85997,69],{"class":61},[47,85999,136],{"class":125},[47,86001,79456],{"class":129},[47,86003,126],{"class":125},[47,86005,1402],{"class":61},[47,86007,86008,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86009,167],{"class":166},[47,86011,170],{"class":61},[47,86013,84539],{"class":166},[47,86015,170],{"class":61},[47,86017,3986],{"class":173},[47,86019,506],{"class":61},[14,86021,215],{},[37,86023,86024],{"className":39,"code":85235,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,86025,86026],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,86027,86028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86029,85235],{"class":53},[14,86031,86032],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[37,86034,86036],{"className":39,"code":86035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[44,86037,86038,86070],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,86039,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060,86062,86064,86066,86068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86041,3943],{"class":53},[47,86043,58],{"class":57},[47,86045,957],{"class":61},[47,86047,126],{"class":125},[47,86049,79439],{"class":129},[47,86051,126],{"class":125},[47,86053,69],{"class":61},[47,86055,136],{"class":125},[47,86057,57651],{"class":129},[47,86059,126],{"class":125},[47,86061,69],{"class":61},[47,86063,136],{"class":125},[47,86065,79456],{"class":129},[47,86067,126],{"class":125},[47,86069,1402],{"class":61},[47,86071,86072,86074,86076,86078,86080,86082,86084,86086,86088,86090,86092,86094],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86073,167],{"class":166},[47,86075,170],{"class":61},[47,86077,84539],{"class":166},[47,86079,170],{"class":61},[47,86081,3986],{"class":173},[47,86083,69],{"class":61},[47,86085,21455],{"class":9053},[47,86087,58],{"class":57},[47,86089,3315],{"class":118},[47,86091,30],{"class":61},[47,86093,8518],{"class":24626},[47,86095,506],{"class":61},[14,86097,215],{},[37,86099,86100],{"className":39,"code":85235,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,86101,86102],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,86103,86104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86105,85235],{"class":53},[14,86107,86108],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[32,86110,4836,86112],{"id":86111},"when-to-use-min",[44,86113,84114],{},[14,86115,1967,86116,10477],{},[44,86117,84114],{},[291,86119,86120,86123,86128],{},[294,86121,86122],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[294,86124,86125,86126],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[44,86127,14720],{},[294,86129,86130],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86132,1967,86133,86137],{},[21,86134,86135],{"href":74400},[44,86136,74303],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86139,1967,86140,86145],{},[21,86141,86143],{"href":86142},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[44,86144,82460],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[32,86147,1284],{"id":1283},[14,86149,84119],{},[291,86151,86152,86160,86163,86168,86175],{},[294,86153,86154,86155,86157,86158],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[44,86156,84114],{}," without using ",[44,86159,82815],{},[294,86161,86162],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[294,86164,8330,86165,86167],{},[44,86166,84114],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[294,86169,4579,86170,86172,86173,85276],{},[44,86171,14720],{}," affects comparison but ",[44,86174,84114],{},[294,86176,8294,86177,86179],{},[44,86178,82815],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86181,86182,86183,86185],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[44,86184,84114],{},", these quick checks can help:",[37,86187,86189],{"className":39,"code":86188,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[44,86190,86191,86205,86215,86229,86243,86265],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,86192,86193,86195,86197,86199,86201,86203],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86194,167],{"class":166},[47,86196,170],{"class":61},[47,86198,499],{"class":118},[47,86200,170],{"class":61},[47,86202,424],{"class":173},[47,86204,506],{"class":61},[47,86206,86207,86209,86211,86213],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86208,167],{"class":166},[47,86210,170],{"class":61},[47,86212,424],{"class":173},[47,86214,80],{"class":61},[47,86216,86217,86219,86221,86223,86225,86227],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86218,167],{"class":166},[47,86220,170],{"class":61},[47,86222,1698],{"class":166},[47,86224,170],{"class":61},[47,86226,424],{"class":173},[47,86228,506],{"class":61},[47,86230,86231,86233,86235,86237,86239,86241],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,86232,167],{"class":166},[47,86234,170],{"class":61},[47,86236,84539],{"class":166},[47,86238,170],{"class":61},[47,86240,424],{"class":173},[47,86242,506],{"class":61},[47,86244,86245,86247,86249,86251,86253,86255,86257,86259,86261,86263],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,86246,167],{"class":166},[47,86248,170],{"class":61},[47,86250,84539],{"class":166},[47,86252,170],{"class":61},[47,86254,424],{"class":173},[47,86256,69],{"class":61},[47,86258,26400],{"class":9053},[47,86260,58],{"class":57},[47,86262,3652],{"class":412},[47,86264,506],{"class":61},[47,86266,86267,86269,86271,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281,86283,86285],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,86268,167],{"class":166},[47,86270,170],{"class":61},[47,86272,84539],{"class":166},[47,86274,170],{"class":61},[47,86276,3986],{"class":173},[47,86278,69],{"class":61},[47,86280,21455],{"class":9053},[47,86282,58],{"class":57},[47,86284,1698],{"class":166},[47,86286,506],{"class":61},[14,86288,86289,86290,86293,86294,86296],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[44,86291,86292],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[44,86295,424],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[32,86298,1708],{"id":1707},[773,86300,1744,86302,5020],{"id":86301},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[44,86303,84114],{},[14,86305,86306],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[773,86308,5044,86310,84295],{"id":86309},"can-min-work-with-strings",[44,86311,84114],{},[14,86313,86314],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[773,86316,71525],{"id":71524},[14,86318,86319,52379,86321,84307,86323,36503],{},[44,86320,84114],{},[44,86322,40585],{},[44,86324,82815],{},[773,86326,1744,86328,86330,86331,2368],{"id":86327},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[44,86329,14720],{}," do in ",[44,86332,84114],{},[14,86334,86335,86337,86338,86340],{},[44,86336,14720],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[44,86339,83368],{}," compares strings by length.",[773,86342,5054,86344,4267,86346,2368],{"id":86343},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[44,86345,84114],{},[44,86347,74303],{},[14,86349,86350,86352,86353,86355],{},[44,86351,84114],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[44,86354,74303],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[32,86357,1758],{"id":1757},[291,86359,86360,86366,86372,86378,86382,86386],{},[294,86361,86362],{},[21,86363,86364,3381],{"href":86142},[44,86365,82460],{},[294,86367,86368],{},[21,86369,86370,3381],{"href":74400},[44,86371,74303],{},[294,86373,86374],{},[21,86375,86376,3381],{"href":42239},[44,86377,42242],{},[294,86379,86380],{},[21,86381,79752],{"href":78255},[294,86383,86384],{},[21,86385,58839],{"href":58838},[294,86387,86388],{},[21,86389,65718],{"href":72757},[1796,86391,86392],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":86394},[86395,86396,86398,86404,86406,86408,86413,86415,86421,86423,86424,86435],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":84598,"depth":83,"text":86397},"What min() does",{"id":84619,"depth":83,"text":84620,"children":86399},[86400,86401,86402,86403],{"id":84704,"depth":94,"text":84707},{"id":84766,"depth":94,"text":84769},{"id":84816,"depth":94,"text":84819},{"id":84910,"depth":94,"text":84913},{"id":84972,"depth":83,"text":86405},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85107,"depth":83,"text":86407},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85254,"depth":83,"text":86409,"children":86410},"Using min() with a key function",[86411,86412],{"id":85282,"depth":94,"text":85283},{"id":85357,"depth":94,"text":85358},{"id":85579,"depth":83,"text":86414},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10620,"depth":83,"text":10621,"children":86416},[86417,86419,86420],{"id":85721,"depth":94,"text":86418},"Empty list without default",{"id":85811,"depth":94,"text":85812},{"id":85964,"depth":94,"text":85965},{"id":86111,"depth":83,"text":86422},"When to use min()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":86425},[86426,86428,86430,86431,86433],{"id":86301,"depth":94,"text":86427},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86309,"depth":94,"text":86429},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71524,"depth":94,"text":71525},{"id":86327,"depth":94,"text":86432},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86343,"depth":94,"text":86434},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84481,"description":86436},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86443,"title":86444,"body":86445,"description":88624,"extension":1837,"meta":88625,"navigation":159,"path":88626,"seo":88627,"stem":88628,"__hash__":88629},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86446,"toc":88588},[86447,86450,86456,86462,86464,86545,86554,86558,86563,86565,86610,86612,86692,86698,86700,86703,86735,86737,86755,86757,86830,86832,86851,86855,86858,86894,86896,86963,87037,87110,87115,87119,87125,87128,87145,87148,87150,87211,87213,87233,87239,87243,87246,87316,87319,87338,87343,87419,87422,87426,87432,87436,87441,87511,87515,87520,87594,87598,87601,87676,87687,87691,87696,87786,87791,87859,87862,87881,87892,87896,87899,87904,87907,87969,87972,87983,87988,87991,87994,87999,88002,88005,88009,88012,88018,88021,88032,88034,88096,88111,88117,88120,88123,88134,88145,88151,88154,88156,88218,88228,88234,88239,88245,88249,88255,88258,88279,88281,88286,88313,88316,88343,88346,88385,88388,88426,88429,88490,88493,88495,88499,88502,88506,88512,88520,88528,88532,88535,88539,88545,88547,88585],[10,86448,86444],{"id":86449},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86451,86452,86455],{},[44,86453,86454],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86457,86458,86459,86461],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[44,86460,86454],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[32,86463,35],{"id":34},[37,86465,86467],{"className":39,"code":86466,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[44,86468,86469,86518,86534],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,86470,86471,86474,86477,86479,86481,86484,86486,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496,86499,86501,86503,86506,86508,86510,86512,86516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86472,86473],{"class":3749},"with",[47,86475,86476],{"class":166}," open",[47,86478,170],{"class":61},[47,86480,126],{"class":125},[47,86482,86483],{"class":129},"example.txt",[47,86485,126],{"class":125},[47,86487,69],{"class":61},[47,86489,136],{"class":125},[47,86491,60386],{"class":129},[47,86493,126],{"class":125},[47,86495,69],{"class":61},[47,86497,86498],{"class":9053}," encoding",[47,86500,58],{"class":57},[47,86502,126],{"class":125},[47,86504,86505],{"class":129},"utf-8",[47,86507,126],{"class":125},[47,86509,3533],{"class":61},[47,86511,47241],{"class":3749},[47,86513,86515],{"class":86514},"sMMDD"," file",[47,86517,6268],{"class":61},[47,86519,86520,86523,86525,86527,86529,86532],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86521,86522],{"class":53},"    content ",[47,86524,58],{"class":57},[47,86526,86515],{"class":86514},[47,86528,30],{"class":61},[47,86530,86531],{"class":173},"read",[47,86533,241],{"class":61},[47,86535,86536,86538,86540,86543],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86537,7944],{"class":166},[47,86539,170],{"class":61},[47,86541,86542],{"class":173},"content",[47,86544,80],{"class":61},[14,86546,1967,86547,86549,86550,86553],{},[44,86548,86473],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[44,86551,86552],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[32,86555,86557],{"id":86556},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86559,86560,86562],{},[44,86561,86454],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86564,11336],{},[291,86566,86567,86570,86575,86580],{},[294,86568,86569],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[294,86571,40787,86572,86574],{},[575,86573,577],{}," read or write anything by itself",[294,86576,17299,86577],{},[575,86578,86579],{},"file object",[294,86581,86582,86583],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[291,86584,86585,86590,86595,86600,86605],{},[294,86586,86587],{},[44,86588,86589],{},"read()",[294,86591,86592],{},[44,86593,86594],{},"readline()",[294,86596,86597],{},[44,86598,86599],{},"readlines()",[294,86601,86602],{},[44,86603,86604],{},"write()",[294,86606,86607],{},[44,86608,86609],{},"close()",[14,86611,2083],{},[37,86613,86615],{"className":39,"code":86614,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[44,86616,86617,86656,86671,86681],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,86618,86619,86622,86624,86626,86628,86630,86632,86634,86636,86638,86640,86642,86644,86646,86648,86650,86652,86654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86620,86621],{"class":86514},"file",[47,86623,13154],{"class":57},[47,86625,86476],{"class":166},[47,86627,170],{"class":61},[47,86629,126],{"class":125},[47,86631,86483],{"class":129},[47,86633,126],{"class":125},[47,86635,69],{"class":61},[47,86637,136],{"class":125},[47,86639,60386],{"class":129},[47,86641,126],{"class":125},[47,86643,69],{"class":61},[47,86645,86498],{"class":9053},[47,86647,58],{"class":57},[47,86649,126],{"class":125},[47,86651,86505],{"class":129},[47,86653,126],{"class":125},[47,86655,80],{"class":61},[47,86657,86658,86661,86663,86665,86667,86669],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86659,86660],{"class":53},"content ",[47,86662,58],{"class":57},[47,86664,86515],{"class":86514},[47,86666,30],{"class":61},[47,86668,86531],{"class":173},[47,86670,241],{"class":61},[47,86672,86673,86675,86677,86679],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86674,167],{"class":166},[47,86676,170],{"class":61},[47,86678,86542],{"class":173},[47,86680,80],{"class":61},[47,86682,86683,86685,86687,86690],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,86684,86621],{"class":86514},[47,86686,30],{"class":61},[47,86688,86689],{"class":173},"close",[47,86691,241],{"class":61},[14,86693,86694,86695,86697],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[44,86696,86473],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[32,86699,2032],{"id":2031},[14,86701,86702],{},"A common form is:",[37,86704,86706],{"className":39,"code":86705,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[44,86707,86708],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,86709,86710,86712,86714,86716,86718,86721,86723,86725,86727,86729,86731,86733],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86711,42308],{"class":166},[47,86713,170],{"class":61},[47,86715,86621],{"class":86514},[47,86717,69],{"class":61},[47,86719,86720],{"class":173}," mode",[47,86722,69],{"class":61},[47,86724,86498],{"class":9053},[47,86726,58],{"class":57},[47,86728,126],{"class":125},[47,86730,86505],{"class":129},[47,86732,126],{"class":125},[47,86734,80],{"class":61},[14,86736,64924],{},[291,86738,86739,86744,86749],{},[294,86740,86741,86743],{},[44,86742,86621],{}," is the file name or file path",[294,86745,86746,86748],{},[44,86747,20794],{}," controls how the file is opened",[294,86750,86751,86754],{},[44,86752,86753],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86756,2083],{},[37,86758,86760],{"className":39,"code":86759,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[44,86761,86762,86805,86820],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,86763,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86775,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86765,86473],{"class":3749},[47,86767,86476],{"class":166},[47,86769,170],{"class":61},[47,86771,126],{"class":125},[47,86773,86774],{"class":129},"notes.txt",[47,86776,126],{"class":125},[47,86778,69],{"class":61},[47,86780,136],{"class":125},[47,86782,60386],{"class":129},[47,86784,126],{"class":125},[47,86786,69],{"class":61},[47,86788,86498],{"class":9053},[47,86790,58],{"class":57},[47,86792,126],{"class":125},[47,86794,86505],{"class":129},[47,86796,126],{"class":125},[47,86798,3533],{"class":61},[47,86800,47241],{"class":3749},[47,86802,86515],{"class":86514},[47,86804,6268],{"class":61},[47,86806,86807,86810,86812,86814,86816,86818],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86808,86809],{"class":53},"    text ",[47,86811,58],{"class":57},[47,86813,86515],{"class":86514},[47,86815,30],{"class":61},[47,86817,86531],{"class":173},[47,86819,241],{"class":61},[47,86821,86822,86824,86826,86828],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86823,7944],{"class":166},[47,86825,170],{"class":61},[47,86827,34589],{"class":173},[47,86829,80],{"class":61},[14,86831,19834],{},[291,86833,86834,86840,86845],{},[294,86835,86836,86839],{},[44,86837,86838],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[294,86841,86842,86844],{},[44,86843,86552],{}," means open for reading",[294,86846,86847,86850],{},[44,86848,86849],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[32,86852,86854],{"id":86853},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86856,86857],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[291,86859,86860,86865,86871,86876,86882,86888],{},[294,86861,86862,86864],{},[44,86863,86552],{}," = read a text file",[294,86866,86867,86870],{},[44,86868,86869],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[294,86872,86873,86875],{},[44,86874,17972],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[294,86877,86878,86881],{},[44,86879,86880],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[294,86883,86884,86887],{},[44,86885,86886],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[294,86889,86890,86893],{},[44,86891,86892],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86895,2000],{},[37,86897,86899],{"className":39,"code":86898,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[44,86900,86901,86906,86949],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,86902,86903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86904,86905],{"class":1494},"# Read a text file\n",[47,86907,86908,86910,86912,86914,86916,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935,86937,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86909,86473],{"class":3749},[47,86911,86476],{"class":166},[47,86913,170],{"class":61},[47,86915,126],{"class":125},[47,86917,86918],{"class":129},"data.txt",[47,86920,126],{"class":125},[47,86922,69],{"class":61},[47,86924,136],{"class":125},[47,86926,60386],{"class":129},[47,86928,126],{"class":125},[47,86930,69],{"class":61},[47,86932,86498],{"class":9053},[47,86934,58],{"class":57},[47,86936,126],{"class":125},[47,86938,86505],{"class":129},[47,86940,126],{"class":125},[47,86942,3533],{"class":61},[47,86944,47241],{"class":3749},[47,86946,86515],{"class":86514},[47,86948,6268],{"class":61},[47,86950,86951,86953,86955,86957,86959,86961],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86952,7944],{"class":166},[47,86954,170],{"class":61},[47,86956,86621],{"class":86514},[47,86958,30],{"class":61},[47,86960,86531],{"class":173},[47,86962,7068],{"class":61},[37,86964,86966],{"className":39,"code":86965,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[44,86967,86968,86973,87015],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,86969,86970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86971,86972],{"class":1494},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[47,86974,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86976,86473],{"class":3749},[47,86978,86476],{"class":166},[47,86980,170],{"class":61},[47,86982,126],{"class":125},[47,86984,86918],{"class":129},[47,86986,126],{"class":125},[47,86988,69],{"class":61},[47,86990,136],{"class":125},[47,86992,60369],{"class":129},[47,86994,126],{"class":125},[47,86996,69],{"class":61},[47,86998,86498],{"class":9053},[47,87000,58],{"class":57},[47,87002,126],{"class":125},[47,87004,86505],{"class":129},[47,87006,126],{"class":125},[47,87008,3533],{"class":61},[47,87010,47241],{"class":3749},[47,87012,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87014,6268],{"class":61},[47,87016,87017,87020,87022,87024,87026,87028,87030,87033,87035],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,87018,87019],{"class":86514},"    file",[47,87021,30],{"class":61},[47,87023,70074],{"class":173},[47,87025,170],{"class":61},[47,87027,126],{"class":125},[47,87029,34748],{"class":129},[47,87031,87032],{"class":34333},"\\n",[47,87034,126],{"class":125},[47,87036,80],{"class":61},[37,87038,87040],{"className":39,"code":87039,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[44,87041,87042,87047,87089],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,87043,87044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87045,87046],{"class":1494},"# Append to a text file\n",[47,87048,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083,87085,87087],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87050,86473],{"class":3749},[47,87052,86476],{"class":166},[47,87054,170],{"class":61},[47,87056,126],{"class":125},[47,87058,86918],{"class":129},[47,87060,126],{"class":125},[47,87062,69],{"class":61},[47,87064,136],{"class":125},[47,87066,21],{"class":129},[47,87068,126],{"class":125},[47,87070,69],{"class":61},[47,87072,86498],{"class":9053},[47,87074,58],{"class":57},[47,87076,126],{"class":125},[47,87078,86505],{"class":129},[47,87080,126],{"class":125},[47,87082,3533],{"class":61},[47,87084,47241],{"class":3749},[47,87086,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87088,6268],{"class":61},[47,87090,87091,87093,87095,87097,87099,87101,87104,87106,87108],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,87092,87019],{"class":86514},[47,87094,30],{"class":61},[47,87096,70074],{"class":173},[47,87098,170],{"class":61},[47,87100,126],{"class":125},[47,87102,87103],{"class":129},"Another line",[47,87105,87032],{"class":34333},[47,87107,126],{"class":125},[47,87109,80],{"class":61},[14,87111,69226,87112,87114],{},[44,87113,86869],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[32,87116,87118],{"id":87117},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87120,87121,21851,87123,30],{},[44,87122,86454],{},[575,87124,86579],{},[14,87126,87127],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[291,87129,87130,87135,87140],{},[294,87131,87132],{},[44,87133,87134],{},"file.read()",[294,87136,87137],{},[44,87138,87139],{},"file.write()",[294,87141,87142],{},[44,87143,87144],{},"file.close()",[14,87146,87147],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87149,2083],{},[37,87151,87153],{"className":39,"code":87152,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[44,87154,87155,87197],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,87156,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87158,86473],{"class":3749},[47,87160,86476],{"class":166},[47,87162,170],{"class":61},[47,87164,126],{"class":125},[47,87166,86483],{"class":129},[47,87168,126],{"class":125},[47,87170,69],{"class":61},[47,87172,136],{"class":125},[47,87174,60386],{"class":129},[47,87176,126],{"class":125},[47,87178,69],{"class":61},[47,87180,86498],{"class":9053},[47,87182,58],{"class":57},[47,87184,126],{"class":125},[47,87186,86505],{"class":129},[47,87188,126],{"class":125},[47,87190,3533],{"class":61},[47,87192,47241],{"class":3749},[47,87194,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87196,6268],{"class":61},[47,87198,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87200,7944],{"class":166},[47,87202,170],{"class":61},[47,87204,499],{"class":118},[47,87206,170],{"class":61},[47,87208,86621],{"class":86514},[47,87210,506],{"class":61},[14,87212,29907],{},[37,87214,87216],{"className":39,"code":87215,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[44,87217,87218],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,87219,87220,87222,87224,87226,87229,87231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87221,522],{"class":57},[47,87223,526],{"class":525},[47,87225,265],{"class":125},[47,87227,87228],{"class":129},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[47,87230,256],{"class":125},[47,87232,536],{"class":57},[14,87234,87235,87236,87238],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[44,87237,86454],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[32,87240,87242],{"id":87241},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87244,87245],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[37,87247,87248],{"className":39,"code":86466,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,87249,87250,87292,87306],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,87251,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87253,86473],{"class":3749},[47,87255,86476],{"class":166},[47,87257,170],{"class":61},[47,87259,126],{"class":125},[47,87261,86483],{"class":129},[47,87263,126],{"class":125},[47,87265,69],{"class":61},[47,87267,136],{"class":125},[47,87269,60386],{"class":129},[47,87271,126],{"class":125},[47,87273,69],{"class":61},[47,87275,86498],{"class":9053},[47,87277,58],{"class":57},[47,87279,126],{"class":125},[47,87281,86505],{"class":129},[47,87283,126],{"class":125},[47,87285,3533],{"class":61},[47,87287,47241],{"class":3749},[47,87289,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87291,6268],{"class":61},[47,87293,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87295,86522],{"class":53},[47,87297,58],{"class":57},[47,87299,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87301,30],{"class":61},[47,87303,86531],{"class":173},[47,87305,241],{"class":61},[47,87307,87308,87310,87312,87314],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,87309,7944],{"class":166},[47,87311,170],{"class":61},[47,87313,86542],{"class":173},[47,87315,80],{"class":61},[14,87317,87318],{},"Why this is recommended:",[291,87320,87321,87326,87332,87335],{},[294,87322,87323,87325],{},[44,87324,86473],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[294,87327,87328,87329,87331],{},"It is safer than calling ",[44,87330,86609],{}," yourself",[294,87333,87334],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[294,87336,87337],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87339,83631,87340,87342],{},[44,87341,86473],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[37,87344,87345],{"className":39,"code":86614,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,87346,87347,87385,87399,87409],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,87348,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87350,86621],{"class":86514},[47,87352,13154],{"class":57},[47,87354,86476],{"class":166},[47,87356,170],{"class":61},[47,87358,126],{"class":125},[47,87360,86483],{"class":129},[47,87362,126],{"class":125},[47,87364,69],{"class":61},[47,87366,136],{"class":125},[47,87368,60386],{"class":129},[47,87370,126],{"class":125},[47,87372,69],{"class":61},[47,87374,86498],{"class":9053},[47,87376,58],{"class":57},[47,87378,126],{"class":125},[47,87380,86505],{"class":129},[47,87382,126],{"class":125},[47,87384,80],{"class":61},[47,87386,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87388,86660],{"class":53},[47,87390,58],{"class":57},[47,87392,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87394,30],{"class":61},[47,87396,86531],{"class":173},[47,87398,241],{"class":61},[47,87400,87401,87403,87405,87407],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,87402,167],{"class":166},[47,87404,170],{"class":61},[47,87406,86542],{"class":173},[47,87408,80],{"class":61},[47,87410,87411,87413,87415,87417],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,87412,86621],{"class":86514},[47,87414,30],{"class":61},[47,87416,86689],{"class":173},[47,87418,241],{"class":61},[14,87420,87421],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[32,87423,87425],{"id":87424},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87427,87428,87429,87431],{},"Use mode ",[44,87430,86552],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[773,87433,87435],{"id":87434},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87437,87438,87440],{},[44,87439,86589],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[37,87442,87443],{"className":39,"code":86466,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,87444,87445,87487,87501],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,87446,87447,87449,87451,87453,87455,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481,87483,87485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87448,86473],{"class":3749},[47,87450,86476],{"class":166},[47,87452,170],{"class":61},[47,87454,126],{"class":125},[47,87456,86483],{"class":129},[47,87458,126],{"class":125},[47,87460,69],{"class":61},[47,87462,136],{"class":125},[47,87464,60386],{"class":129},[47,87466,126],{"class":125},[47,87468,69],{"class":61},[47,87470,86498],{"class":9053},[47,87472,58],{"class":57},[47,87474,126],{"class":125},[47,87476,86505],{"class":129},[47,87478,126],{"class":125},[47,87480,3533],{"class":61},[47,87482,47241],{"class":3749},[47,87484,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87486,6268],{"class":61},[47,87488,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87490,86522],{"class":53},[47,87492,58],{"class":57},[47,87494,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87496,30],{"class":61},[47,87498,86531],{"class":173},[47,87500,241],{"class":61},[47,87502,87503,87505,87507,87509],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,87504,7944],{"class":166},[47,87506,170],{"class":61},[47,87508,86542],{"class":173},[47,87510,80],{"class":61},[773,87512,87514],{"id":87513},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87516,87517,87519],{},[44,87518,86594],{}," reads one line at a time.",[37,87521,87523],{"className":39,"code":87522,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[44,87524,87525,87567,87583],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,87526,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87528,86473],{"class":3749},[47,87530,86476],{"class":166},[47,87532,170],{"class":61},[47,87534,126],{"class":125},[47,87536,86483],{"class":129},[47,87538,126],{"class":125},[47,87540,69],{"class":61},[47,87542,136],{"class":125},[47,87544,60386],{"class":129},[47,87546,126],{"class":125},[47,87548,69],{"class":61},[47,87550,86498],{"class":9053},[47,87552,58],{"class":57},[47,87554,126],{"class":125},[47,87556,86505],{"class":129},[47,87558,126],{"class":125},[47,87560,3533],{"class":61},[47,87562,47241],{"class":3749},[47,87564,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87566,6268],{"class":61},[47,87568,87569,87572,87574,87576,87578,87581],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87570,87571],{"class":53},"    first_line ",[47,87573,58],{"class":57},[47,87575,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87577,30],{"class":61},[47,87579,87580],{"class":173},"readline",[47,87582,241],{"class":61},[47,87584,87585,87587,87589,87592],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,87586,7944],{"class":166},[47,87588,170],{"class":61},[47,87590,87591],{"class":173},"first_line",[47,87593,80],{"class":61},[773,87595,87597],{"id":87596},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87599,87600],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[37,87602,87604],{"className":39,"code":87603,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[44,87605,87606,87648,87662],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,87607,87608,87610,87612,87614,87616,87618,87620,87622,87624,87626,87628,87630,87632,87634,87636,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87609,86473],{"class":3749},[47,87611,86476],{"class":166},[47,87613,170],{"class":61},[47,87615,126],{"class":125},[47,87617,86483],{"class":129},[47,87619,126],{"class":125},[47,87621,69],{"class":61},[47,87623,136],{"class":125},[47,87625,60386],{"class":129},[47,87627,126],{"class":125},[47,87629,69],{"class":61},[47,87631,86498],{"class":9053},[47,87633,58],{"class":57},[47,87635,126],{"class":125},[47,87637,86505],{"class":129},[47,87639,126],{"class":125},[47,87641,3533],{"class":61},[47,87643,47241],{"class":3749},[47,87645,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87647,6268],{"class":61},[47,87649,87650,87653,87656,87658,87660],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87651,87652],{"class":3749},"    for",[47,87654,87655],{"class":53}," line ",[47,87657,3756],{"class":3749},[47,87659,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87661,6268],{"class":61},[47,87663,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,87665,47221],{"class":166},[47,87667,170],{"class":61},[47,87669,49],{"class":173},[47,87671,30],{"class":61},[47,87673,8512],{"class":173},[47,87675,7068],{"class":61},[14,87677,87678,87679,25,87683,30],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[21,87680,87682],{"href":87681},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[21,87684,87686],{"href":87685},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[32,87688,87690],{"id":87689},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87692,1967,87693,87695],{},[44,87694,86869],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[37,87697,87699],{"className":39,"code":87698,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[44,87700,87701,87744,87765],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,87702,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87714,87716,87718,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87704,86473],{"class":3749},[47,87706,86476],{"class":166},[47,87708,170],{"class":61},[47,87710,126],{"class":125},[47,87712,87713],{"class":129},"output.txt",[47,87715,126],{"class":125},[47,87717,69],{"class":61},[47,87719,136],{"class":125},[47,87721,60369],{"class":129},[47,87723,126],{"class":125},[47,87725,69],{"class":61},[47,87727,86498],{"class":9053},[47,87729,58],{"class":57},[47,87731,126],{"class":125},[47,87733,86505],{"class":129},[47,87735,126],{"class":125},[47,87737,3533],{"class":61},[47,87739,47241],{"class":3749},[47,87741,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87743,6268],{"class":61},[47,87745,87746,87748,87750,87752,87754,87756,87759,87761,87763],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87747,87019],{"class":86514},[47,87749,30],{"class":61},[47,87751,70074],{"class":173},[47,87753,170],{"class":61},[47,87755,126],{"class":125},[47,87757,87758],{"class":129},"First line",[47,87760,87032],{"class":34333},[47,87762,126],{"class":125},[47,87764,80],{"class":61},[47,87766,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87780,87782,87784],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,87768,87019],{"class":86514},[47,87770,30],{"class":61},[47,87772,70074],{"class":173},[47,87774,170],{"class":61},[47,87776,126],{"class":125},[47,87778,87779],{"class":129},"Second line",[47,87781,87032],{"class":34333},[47,87783,126],{"class":125},[47,87785,80],{"class":61},[14,87787,1967,87788,87790],{},[44,87789,17972],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[37,87792,87794],{"className":39,"code":87793,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[44,87795,87796,87838],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,87797,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87799,86473],{"class":3749},[47,87801,86476],{"class":166},[47,87803,170],{"class":61},[47,87805,126],{"class":125},[47,87807,87713],{"class":129},[47,87809,126],{"class":125},[47,87811,69],{"class":61},[47,87813,136],{"class":125},[47,87815,21],{"class":129},[47,87817,126],{"class":125},[47,87819,69],{"class":61},[47,87821,86498],{"class":9053},[47,87823,58],{"class":57},[47,87825,126],{"class":125},[47,87827,86505],{"class":129},[47,87829,126],{"class":125},[47,87831,3533],{"class":61},[47,87833,47241],{"class":3749},[47,87835,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87837,6268],{"class":61},[47,87839,87840,87842,87844,87846,87848,87850,87853,87855,87857],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87841,87019],{"class":86514},[47,87843,30],{"class":61},[47,87845,70074],{"class":173},[47,87847,170],{"class":61},[47,87849,126],{"class":125},[47,87851,87852],{"class":129},"Third line",[47,87854,87032],{"class":34333},[47,87856,126],{"class":125},[47,87858,80],{"class":61},[14,87860,87861],{},"Important detail:",[291,87863,87864,87869,87876],{},[294,87865,87866,87868],{},[44,87867,86604],{}," writes a string",[294,87870,87871,13932,87873,87875],{},[44,87872,86604],{},[575,87874,577],{}," add a newline for you",[294,87877,87878,87879,87331],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[44,87880,87032],{},[14,87882,87883,87884,25,87888,30],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[21,87885,87887],{"href":87886},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[21,87889,87891],{"href":87890},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[32,87893,87895],{"id":87894},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87897,87898],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[773,87900,87902],{"id":87901},"encodingutf-8",[44,87903,86849],{},[14,87905,87906],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[37,87908,87910],{"className":39,"code":87909,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[44,87911,87912,87955],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,87913,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87925,87927,87929,87931,87933,87935,87937,87939,87941,87943,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87915,86473],{"class":3749},[47,87917,86476],{"class":166},[47,87919,170],{"class":61},[47,87921,126],{"class":125},[47,87923,87924],{"class":129},"message.txt",[47,87926,126],{"class":125},[47,87928,69],{"class":61},[47,87930,136],{"class":125},[47,87932,60386],{"class":129},[47,87934,126],{"class":125},[47,87936,69],{"class":61},[47,87938,86498],{"class":9053},[47,87940,58],{"class":57},[47,87942,126],{"class":125},[47,87944,86505],{"class":129},[47,87946,126],{"class":125},[47,87948,3533],{"class":61},[47,87950,47241],{"class":3749},[47,87952,86515],{"class":86514},[47,87954,6268],{"class":61},[47,87956,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965,87967],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87958,7944],{"class":166},[47,87960,170],{"class":61},[47,87962,86621],{"class":86514},[47,87964,30],{"class":61},[47,87966,86531],{"class":173},[47,87968,7068],{"class":61},[14,87970,87971],{},"Why it matters:",[291,87973,87974,87977,87980],{},[294,87975,87976],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[294,87978,87979],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[294,87981,87982],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[773,87984,87986],{"id":87985},"newline",[44,87987,87985],{},[14,87989,87990],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,87992,87993],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[773,87995,87997],{"id":87996},"buffering",[44,87998,87996],{},[14,88000,88001],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88003,88004],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[32,88006,88008],{"id":88007},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88010,88011],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[773,88013,88015],{"id":88014},"filenotfounderror",[44,88016,88017],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88019,88020],{},"This happens when:",[291,88022,88023,88026,88029],{},[294,88024,88025],{},"the file does not exist",[294,88027,88028],{},"the path is wrong",[294,88030,88031],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88033,2083],{},[37,88035,88037],{"className":39,"code":88036,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[44,88038,88039,88082],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88040,88041,88043,88045,88047,88049,88052,88054,88056,88058,88060,88062,88064,88066,88068,88070,88072,88074,88076,88078,88080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88042,86473],{"class":3749},[47,88044,86476],{"class":166},[47,88046,170],{"class":61},[47,88048,126],{"class":125},[47,88050,88051],{"class":129},"missing.txt",[47,88053,126],{"class":125},[47,88055,69],{"class":61},[47,88057,136],{"class":125},[47,88059,60386],{"class":129},[47,88061,126],{"class":125},[47,88063,69],{"class":61},[47,88065,86498],{"class":9053},[47,88067,58],{"class":57},[47,88069,126],{"class":125},[47,88071,86505],{"class":129},[47,88073,126],{"class":125},[47,88075,3533],{"class":61},[47,88077,47241],{"class":3749},[47,88079,86515],{"class":86514},[47,88081,6268],{"class":61},[47,88083,88084,88086,88088,88090,88092,88094],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88085,7944],{"class":166},[47,88087,170],{"class":61},[47,88089,86621],{"class":86514},[47,88091,30],{"class":61},[47,88093,86531],{"class":173},[47,88095,7068],{"class":61},[14,88097,88098,88099,4267,88107,30],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[21,88100,88102,88103,88106],{"href":88101},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[47,88104,88105],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[21,88108,88110],{"href":88109},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[773,88112,88114],{"id":88113},"permissionerror",[44,88115,88116],{},"PermissionError",[14,88118,88119],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88121,88122],{},"Example causes:",[291,88124,88125,88128,88131],{},[294,88126,88127],{},"the file is protected",[294,88129,88130],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[294,88132,88133],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88135,88136,88137],{},"Related page: ",[21,88138,88140,88141,88144],{"href":88139},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[47,88142,88143],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[773,88146,88148],{"id":88147},"isadirectoryerror",[44,88149,88150],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88152,88153],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88155,2083],{},[37,88157,88159],{"className":39,"code":88158,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[44,88160,88161,88204],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88162,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88174,88176,88178,88180,88182,88184,88186,88188,88190,88192,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88164,86473],{"class":3749},[47,88166,86476],{"class":166},[47,88168,170],{"class":61},[47,88170,126],{"class":125},[47,88172,88173],{"class":129},"my_folder",[47,88175,126],{"class":125},[47,88177,69],{"class":61},[47,88179,136],{"class":125},[47,88181,60386],{"class":129},[47,88183,126],{"class":125},[47,88185,69],{"class":61},[47,88187,86498],{"class":9053},[47,88189,58],{"class":57},[47,88191,126],{"class":125},[47,88193,86505],{"class":129},[47,88195,126],{"class":125},[47,88197,3533],{"class":61},[47,88199,47241],{"class":3749},[47,88201,86515],{"class":86514},[47,88203,6268],{"class":61},[47,88205,88206,88208,88210,88212,88214,88216],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88207,7944],{"class":166},[47,88209,170],{"class":61},[47,88211,86621],{"class":86514},[47,88213,30],{"class":61},[47,88215,86531],{"class":173},[47,88217,7068],{"class":61},[14,88219,88136,88220],{},[21,88221,88223,88224,88227],{"href":88222},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[47,88225,88226],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[773,88229,88231],{"id":88230},"unicodedecodeerror",[44,88232,88233],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88235,88236,88237,30],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[44,88238,86454],{},[14,88240,88136,88241],{},[21,88242,88244],{"href":88243},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[32,88246,88248],{"id":88247},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88250,88251,88252,88254],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[44,88253,86454],{}," function.",[14,88256,88257],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[291,88259,88260,88263,88266,88272],{},[294,88261,88262],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[294,88264,88265],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[294,88267,88268,88269,88271],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[44,88270,86454],{}," itself",[294,88273,88274,88275],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[21,88276,88278],{"href":88277},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[32,88280,1284],{"id":1283},[14,88282,88283,88284,2760],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[44,88285,86454],{},[291,88287,88288,88293,88299,88304,88307,88310],{},[294,88289,8294,88290,88292],{},[44,88291,86552],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[294,88294,88295,88296,88298],{},"Forgetting to use ",[44,88297,86753],{}," for text files",[294,88300,8294,88301,88303],{},[44,88302,86869],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[294,88305,88306],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[294,88308,88309],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[294,88311,88312],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88314,88315],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[37,88317,88319],{"className":39,"code":88318,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[44,88320,88321,88328],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88322,88323,88325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88324,34972],{"class":3749},[47,88326,88327],{"class":53}," os\n",[47,88329,88330,88332,88334,88336,88338,88341],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88331,167],{"class":166},[47,88333,170],{"class":61},[47,88335,42507],{"class":173},[47,88337,30],{"class":61},[47,88339,88340],{"class":173},"getcwd",[47,88342,7068],{"class":61},[14,88344,88345],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[37,88347,88349],{"className":39,"code":88348,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[44,88350,88351,88357],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88352,88353,88355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88354,34972],{"class":3749},[47,88356,88327],{"class":53},[47,88358,88359,88361,88363,88365,88367,88370,88372,88375,88377,88379,88381,88383],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88360,167],{"class":166},[47,88362,170],{"class":61},[47,88364,42507],{"class":173},[47,88366,30],{"class":61},[47,88368,88369],{"class":24626},"path",[47,88371,30],{"class":61},[47,88373,88374],{"class":173},"exists",[47,88376,170],{"class":61},[47,88378,126],{"class":125},[47,88380,86483],{"class":129},[47,88382,126],{"class":125},[47,88384,506],{"class":61},[14,88386,88387],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[37,88389,88391],{"className":39,"code":88390,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[44,88392,88393,88399],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88394,88395,88397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88396,34972],{"class":3749},[47,88398,88327],{"class":53},[47,88400,88401,88403,88405,88407,88409,88411,88413,88416,88418,88420,88422,88424],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88402,167],{"class":166},[47,88404,170],{"class":61},[47,88406,42507],{"class":173},[47,88408,30],{"class":61},[47,88410,88369],{"class":24626},[47,88412,30],{"class":61},[47,88414,88415],{"class":173},"isfile",[47,88417,170],{"class":61},[47,88419,126],{"class":125},[47,88421,86483],{"class":129},[47,88423,126],{"class":125},[47,88425,506],{"class":61},[14,88427,88428],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[37,88430,88432],{"className":39,"code":88431,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[44,88433,88434,88476],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88435,88436,88438,88440,88442,88444,88446,88448,88450,88452,88454,88456,88458,88460,88462,88464,88466,88468,88470,88472,88474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88437,86473],{"class":3749},[47,88439,86476],{"class":166},[47,88441,170],{"class":61},[47,88443,126],{"class":125},[47,88445,86483],{"class":129},[47,88447,126],{"class":125},[47,88449,69],{"class":61},[47,88451,136],{"class":125},[47,88453,60386],{"class":129},[47,88455,126],{"class":125},[47,88457,69],{"class":61},[47,88459,86498],{"class":9053},[47,88461,58],{"class":57},[47,88463,126],{"class":125},[47,88465,86505],{"class":129},[47,88467,126],{"class":125},[47,88469,3533],{"class":61},[47,88471,47241],{"class":3749},[47,88473,86515],{"class":86514},[47,88475,6268],{"class":61},[47,88477,88478,88480,88482,88484,88486,88488],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88479,7944],{"class":166},[47,88481,170],{"class":61},[47,88483,86621],{"class":86514},[47,88485,30],{"class":61},[47,88487,86531],{"class":173},[47,88489,7068],{"class":61},[14,88491,88492],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[32,88494,1708],{"id":1707},[773,88496,88498],{"id":88497},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88500,88501],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[773,88503,88505],{"id":88504},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88507,88508,88509,88511],{},"Use it inside a ",[44,88510,86473],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[773,88513,5054,88515,4267,88517,88519],{"id":88514},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[44,88516,86869],{},[44,88518,17972],{}," mode?",[14,88521,88522,88524,88525,88527],{},[44,88523,86869],{}," overwrites the file. ",[44,88526,17972],{}," adds new content to the end.",[773,88529,88531],{"id":88530},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88533,88534],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[773,88536,88538],{"id":88537},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88540,88541,88542,88544],{},"It is a good habit. ",[44,88543,86849],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[32,88546,1758],{"id":1757},[291,88548,88549,88553,88557,88561,88565,88569,88573,88579],{},[294,88550,88551],{},[21,88552,87682],{"href":87681},[294,88554,88555],{},[21,88556,87887],{"href":87886},[294,88558,88559],{},[21,88560,87891],{"href":87890},[294,88562,88563],{},[21,88564,87686],{"href":87685},[294,88566,88567],{},[21,88568,88278],{"href":88277},[294,88570,88571],{},[21,88572,88110],{"href":88109},[294,88574,88575],{},[21,88576,88102,88577,88106],{"href":88101},[47,88578,88105],{},[294,88580,88581],{},[21,88582,88140,88583,88144],{"href":88139},[47,88584,88143],{},[1796,88586,88587],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":88589},[88590,88591,88592,88593,88594,88595,88596,88601,88602,88607,88613,88614,88615,88623],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":86556,"depth":83,"text":86557},{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":86853,"depth":83,"text":86854},{"id":87117,"depth":83,"text":87118},{"id":87241,"depth":83,"text":87242},{"id":87424,"depth":83,"text":87425,"children":88597},[88598,88599,88600],{"id":87434,"depth":94,"text":87435},{"id":87513,"depth":94,"text":87514},{"id":87596,"depth":94,"text":87597},{"id":87689,"depth":83,"text":87690},{"id":87894,"depth":83,"text":87895,"children":88603},[88604,88605,88606],{"id":87901,"depth":94,"text":86849},{"id":87985,"depth":94,"text":87985},{"id":87996,"depth":94,"text":87996},{"id":88007,"depth":83,"text":88008,"children":88608},[88609,88610,88611,88612],{"id":88014,"depth":94,"text":88017},{"id":88113,"depth":94,"text":88116},{"id":88147,"depth":94,"text":88150},{"id":88230,"depth":94,"text":88233},{"id":88247,"depth":83,"text":88248},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":88616},[88617,88618,88619,88621,88622],{"id":88497,"depth":94,"text":88498},{"id":88504,"depth":94,"text":88505},{"id":88514,"depth":94,"text":88620},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88530,"depth":94,"text":88531},{"id":88537,"depth":94,"text":88538},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86444,"description":88624},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88631,"title":88632,"body":88633,"description":90628,"extension":1837,"meta":90629,"navigation":159,"path":90630,"seo":90631,"stem":90632,"__hash__":90633},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88634,"toc":90575},[88635,88640,88645,88651,88653,88721,88723,88742,88747,88752,88757,88760,88772,88774,88817,88819,88837,88848,88850,88852,88877,88879,88890,88892,88952,88954,88980,88983,88987,88992,88996,88999,89033,89037,89040,89065,89069,89092,89096,89129,89134,89138,89143,89146,89214,89216,89240,89245,89248,89279,89281,89313,89330,89334,89339,89363,89370,89375,89380,89383,89387,89422,89424,89433,89437,89528,89530,89561,89566,89573,89578,89587,89590,89624,89626,89640,89644,89685,89687,89696,89700,89748,89750,89764,89769,89780,89787,89793,89795,89830,89832,89846,89849,89871,89877,89906,89917,89923,89929,89943,89945,90024,90026,90076,90083,90085,90090,90094,90097,90112,90117,90119,90138,90144,90147,90162,90164,90182,90188,90193,90223,90226,90249,90252,90279,90286,90292,90300,90323,90328,90336,90338,90358,90362,90368,90418,90421,90443,90445,90451,90459,90465,90471,90479,90484,90488,90491,90514,90519,90526,90538,90540,90572],[10,88636,3448,88638,3452],{"id":88637},"python-print-function-explained",[44,88639,46335],{},[14,88641,32196,88642,88644],{},[44,88643,46335],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88646,88647,88648,88650],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[44,88649,46335],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[32,88652,35],{"id":34},[37,88654,88656],{"className":39,"code":88655,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[44,88657,88658,88670,88679,88683,88693,88703],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88659,88660,88662,88664,88666,88668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88661,7751],{"class":53},[47,88663,58],{"class":57},[47,88665,136],{"class":125},[47,88667,7796],{"class":129},[47,88669,3230],{"class":125},[47,88671,88672,88674,88676],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88673,21504],{"class":53},[47,88675,58],{"class":57},[47,88677,88678],{"class":65}," 12\n",[47,88680,88681],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88682,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,88684,88685,88687,88689,88691],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,88686,167],{"class":166},[47,88688,170],{"class":61},[47,88690,7542],{"class":173},[47,88692,80],{"class":61},[47,88694,88695,88697,88699,88701],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,88696,167],{"class":166},[47,88698,170],{"class":61},[47,88700,9174],{"class":173},[47,88702,80],{"class":61},[47,88704,88705,88707,88709,88711,88713,88715,88717,88719],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,88706,167],{"class":166},[47,88708,170],{"class":61},[47,88710,126],{"class":125},[47,88712,34748],{"class":129},[47,88714,126],{"class":125},[47,88716,69],{"class":61},[47,88718,35874],{"class":173},[47,88720,80],{"class":61},[14,88722,215],{},[37,88724,88726],{"className":39,"code":88725,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[44,88727,88728,88733,88737],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88729,88730],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88731,88732],{"class":53},"Mia\n",[47,88734,88735],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88736,2101],{"class":65},[47,88738,88739],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88740,88741],{"class":53},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88743,1967,88744,88746],{},[44,88745,46335],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[32,88748,3550,88750,3553],{"id":88749},"what-print-does",[44,88751,46335],{},[14,88753,88754,88756],{},[44,88755,46335],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88758,88759],{},"You can use it to display:",[291,88761,88762,88764,88766,88769],{},[294,88763,34589],{},[294,88765,174],{},[294,88767,88768],{},"variables",[294,88770,88771],{},"expressions",[14,88773,2083],{},[37,88775,88777],{"className":39,"code":88776,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[44,88778,88779,88793,88803],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88780,88781,88783,88785,88787,88789,88791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88782,167],{"class":166},[47,88784,170],{"class":61},[47,88786,126],{"class":125},[47,88788,34748],{"class":129},[47,88790,126],{"class":125},[47,88792,80],{"class":61},[47,88794,88795,88797,88799,88801],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88796,167],{"class":166},[47,88798,170],{"class":61},[47,88800,104],{"class":65},[47,88802,80],{"class":61},[47,88804,88805,88807,88809,88811,88813,88815],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88806,167],{"class":166},[47,88808,170],{"class":61},[47,88810,1931],{"class":65},[47,88812,2330],{"class":57},[47,88814,77],{"class":65},[47,88816,80],{"class":61},[14,88818,215],{},[37,88820,88822],{"className":39,"code":88821,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[44,88823,88824,88829,88833],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88825,88826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88827,88828],{"class":53},"Hello\n",[47,88830,88831],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88832,633],{"class":65},[47,88834,88835],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88836,633],{"class":65},[14,88838,88839,88840,88842,88843,88847],{},"A very important detail is that ",[44,88841,46335],{}," ",[575,88844,3565,88845],{},[44,88846,3652],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[32,88849,2032],{"id":2031},[14,88851,30603],{},[37,88853,88855],{"className":39,"code":88854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[44,88856,88857],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88858,88859,88861,88863,88866,88868,88871,88873,88875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88860,167],{"class":166},[47,88862,170],{"class":61},[47,88864,88865],{"class":173},"object1",[47,88867,69],{"class":61},[47,88869,88870],{"class":173}," object2",[47,88872,69],{"class":61},[47,88874,34334],{"class":166},[47,88876,80],{"class":61},[14,88878,80082],{},[291,88880,88881,88884,88887],{},[294,88882,88883],{},"one value",[294,88885,88886],{},"many values",[294,88888,88889],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88891,2083],{},[37,88893,88895],{"className":39,"code":88894,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[44,88896,88897,88911,88930],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88898,88899,88901,88903,88905,88907,88909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88900,167],{"class":166},[47,88902,170],{"class":61},[47,88904,126],{"class":125},[47,88906,57651],{"class":129},[47,88908,126],{"class":125},[47,88910,80],{"class":61},[47,88912,88913,88915,88917,88919,88922,88924,88926,88928],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88914,167],{"class":166},[47,88916,170],{"class":61},[47,88918,126],{"class":125},[47,88920,88921],{"class":129},"Score:",[47,88923,126],{"class":125},[47,88925,69],{"class":61},[47,88927,5879],{"class":65},[47,88929,80],{"class":61},[47,88931,88932,88934,88936,88938,88940,88942,88944,88946,88948,88950],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88933,167],{"class":166},[47,88935,170],{"class":61},[47,88937,126],{"class":125},[47,88939,45446],{"class":129},[47,88941,126],{"class":125},[47,88943,69],{"class":61},[47,88945,2333],{"class":65},[47,88947,2330],{"class":57},[47,88949,37525],{"class":65},[47,88951,80],{"class":61},[14,88953,215],{},[37,88955,88957],{"className":39,"code":88956,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[44,88958,88959,88963,88972],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,88960,88961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88962,85235],{"class":53},[47,88964,88965,88968,88970],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88966,88967],{"class":53},"Score",[47,88969,2760],{"class":61},[47,88971,2463],{"class":65},[47,88973,88974,88976,88978],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88975,45486],{"class":53},[47,88977,2760],{"class":61},[47,88979,2463],{"class":65},[14,88981,88982],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[32,88984,88986],{"id":88985},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,88988,88989,88990,30],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[44,88991,46335],{},[773,88993,88995],{"id":88994},"print-text","Print text",[14,88997,88998],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[37,89000,89002],{"className":39,"code":89001,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[44,89003,89004,89018],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89005,89006,89008,89010,89012,89014,89016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89007,167],{"class":166},[47,89009,170],{"class":61},[47,89011,126],{"class":125},[47,89013,34748],{"class":129},[47,89015,126],{"class":125},[47,89017,80],{"class":61},[47,89019,89020,89022,89024,89026,89029,89031],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89021,167],{"class":166},[47,89023,170],{"class":61},[47,89025,126],{"class":125},[47,89027,89028],{"class":129},"Python is fun",[47,89030,126],{"class":125},[47,89032,80],{"class":61},[773,89034,89036],{"id":89035},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89038,89039],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[37,89041,89043],{"className":39,"code":89042,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[44,89044,89045,89055],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89046,89047,89049,89051,89053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89048,167],{"class":166},[47,89050,170],{"class":61},[47,89052,104],{"class":65},[47,89054,80],{"class":61},[47,89056,89057,89059,89061,89063],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89058,167],{"class":166},[47,89060,170],{"class":61},[47,89062,40024],{"class":65},[47,89064,80],{"class":61},[773,89066,89068],{"id":89067},"print-variables","Print variables",[37,89070,89072],{"className":39,"code":89071,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[44,89073,89074,89082],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89075,89076,89078,89080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89077,4971],{"class":53},[47,89079,58],{"class":57},[47,89081,14009],{"class":65},[47,89083,89084,89086,89088,89090],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89085,167],{"class":166},[47,89087,170],{"class":61},[47,89089,85399],{"class":173},[47,89091,80],{"class":61},[773,89093,89095],{"id":89094},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[37,89097,89099],{"className":39,"code":89098,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[44,89100,89101,89115],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89102,89103,89105,89107,89109,89111,89113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89104,167],{"class":166},[47,89106,170],{"class":61},[47,89108,1931],{"class":65},[47,89110,2330],{"class":57},[47,89112,77],{"class":65},[47,89114,80],{"class":61},[47,89116,89117,89119,89121,89123,89125,89127],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89118,167],{"class":166},[47,89120,170],{"class":61},[47,89122,960],{"class":65},[47,89124,82711],{"class":57},[47,89126,2333],{"class":65},[47,89128,80],{"class":61},[14,89130,89131,89132,30],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[21,89133,50860],{"href":50859},[32,89135,89137],{"id":89136},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89139,89140,89142],{},[44,89141,46335],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89144,89145],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[37,89147,89149],{"className":39,"code":89148,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[44,89150,89151,89164,89172,89176,89195],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89152,89153,89155,89157,89159,89162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89154,7751],{"class":53},[47,89156,58],{"class":57},[47,89158,136],{"class":125},[47,89160,89161],{"class":129},"Ava",[47,89163,3230],{"class":125},[47,89165,89166,89168,89170],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89167,21504],{"class":53},[47,89169,58],{"class":57},[47,89171,2463],{"class":65},[47,89173,89174],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,89175,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,89177,89178,89180,89182,89184,89187,89189,89191,89193],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,89179,167],{"class":166},[47,89181,170],{"class":61},[47,89183,126],{"class":125},[47,89185,89186],{"class":129},"Name:",[47,89188,126],{"class":125},[47,89190,69],{"class":61},[47,89192,35874],{"class":173},[47,89194,80],{"class":61},[47,89196,89197,89199,89201,89203,89206,89208,89210,89212],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,89198,167],{"class":166},[47,89200,170],{"class":61},[47,89202,126],{"class":125},[47,89204,89205],{"class":129},"Age:",[47,89207,126],{"class":125},[47,89209,69],{"class":61},[47,89211,9066],{"class":173},[47,89213,80],{"class":61},[14,89215,215],{},[37,89217,89219],{"className":39,"code":89218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[44,89220,89221,89231],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89222,89223,89226,89228],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89224,89225],{"class":53},"Name",[47,89227,2760],{"class":61},[47,89229,89230],{"class":53}," Ava\n",[47,89232,89233,89236,89238],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89234,89235],{"class":53},"Age",[47,89237,2760],{"class":61},[47,89239,2463],{"class":65},[14,89241,89242,89243,30],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[44,89244,1934],{},[14,89246,89247],{},"For example, this works:",[37,89249,89251],{"className":39,"code":89250,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[44,89252,89253,89261],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89254,89255,89257,89259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89256,21504],{"class":53},[47,89258,58],{"class":57},[47,89260,2463],{"class":65},[47,89262,89263,89265,89267,89269,89271,89273,89275,89277],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89264,167],{"class":166},[47,89266,170],{"class":61},[47,89268,126],{"class":125},[47,89270,89205],{"class":129},[47,89272,126],{"class":125},[47,89274,69],{"class":61},[47,89276,9066],{"class":173},[47,89278,80],{"class":61},[14,89280,36808],{},[37,89282,89284],{"className":39,"code":89283,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[44,89285,89286,89294],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89287,89288,89290,89292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89289,21504],{"class":53},[47,89291,58],{"class":57},[47,89293,2463],{"class":65},[47,89295,89296,89298,89300,89302,89305,89307,89309,89311],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89297,167],{"class":166},[47,89299,170],{"class":61},[47,89301,126],{"class":125},[47,89303,89304],{"class":129},"Age: ",[47,89306,126],{"class":125},[47,89308,2330],{"class":57},[47,89310,9066],{"class":173},[47,89312,80],{"class":61},[14,89314,89315,89316,89319,89320,89322,89323,89325,89326,30],{},"That fails because ",[44,89317,89318],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[44,89321,9174],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[44,89324,1934],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[21,89327,89328],{"href":42056},[44,89329,47567],{},[32,89331,89333],{"id":89332},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89335,89336,89338],{},[44,89337,46335],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[291,89340,89341,89347,89352,89357],{},[294,89342,89343,89346],{},[44,89344,89345],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[294,89348,89349,89351],{},[44,89350,52545],{}," controls what is added after the output",[294,89353,89354,89356],{},[44,89355,86621],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[294,89358,89359,89362],{},[44,89360,89361],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89364,89365,89366,4267,89368,30],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[44,89367,89345],{},[44,89369,52545],{},[32,89371,89373,36497],{"id":89372},"sep-argument",[44,89374,89345],{},[14,89376,1854,89377,89379],{},[44,89378,89345],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89381,89382],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[773,89384,89386],{"id":89385},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[37,89388,89390],{"className":39,"code":89389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[44,89391,89392],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89393,89394,89396,89398,89400,89402,89404,89406,89408,89410,89412,89414,89416,89418,89420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89395,167],{"class":166},[47,89397,170],{"class":61},[47,89399,126],{"class":125},[47,89401,832],{"class":129},[47,89403,126],{"class":125},[47,89405,69],{"class":61},[47,89407,136],{"class":125},[47,89409,841],{"class":129},[47,89411,126],{"class":125},[47,89413,69],{"class":61},[47,89415,136],{"class":125},[47,89417,850],{"class":129},[47,89419,126],{"class":125},[47,89421,80],{"class":61},[14,89423,215],{},[37,89425,89427],{"className":39,"code":89426,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"red green blue\n",[44,89428,89429],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89430,89431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89432,89426],{"class":53},[773,89434,89436],{"id":89435},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[37,89438,89440],{"className":39,"code":89439,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[44,89441,89442,89485],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89443,89444,89446,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464,89466,89468,89470,89472,89475,89477,89479,89481,89483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89445,167],{"class":166},[47,89447,170],{"class":61},[47,89449,126],{"class":125},[47,89451,832],{"class":129},[47,89453,126],{"class":125},[47,89455,69],{"class":61},[47,89457,136],{"class":125},[47,89459,841],{"class":129},[47,89461,126],{"class":125},[47,89463,69],{"class":61},[47,89465,136],{"class":125},[47,89467,850],{"class":129},[47,89469,126],{"class":125},[47,89471,69],{"class":61},[47,89473,89474],{"class":9053}," sep",[47,89476,58],{"class":57},[47,89478,126],{"class":125},[47,89480,69],{"class":129},[47,89482,126],{"class":125},[47,89484,80],{"class":61},[47,89486,89487,89489,89491,89493,89495,89497,89499,89501,89503,89505,89507,89509,89511,89513,89515,89517,89519,89521,89524,89526],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89488,167],{"class":166},[47,89490,170],{"class":61},[47,89492,126],{"class":125},[47,89494,832],{"class":129},[47,89496,126],{"class":125},[47,89498,69],{"class":61},[47,89500,136],{"class":125},[47,89502,841],{"class":129},[47,89504,126],{"class":125},[47,89506,69],{"class":61},[47,89508,136],{"class":125},[47,89510,850],{"class":129},[47,89512,126],{"class":125},[47,89514,69],{"class":61},[47,89516,89474],{"class":9053},[47,89518,58],{"class":57},[47,89520,126],{"class":125},[47,89522,89523],{"class":129}," - ",[47,89525,126],{"class":125},[47,89527,80],{"class":61},[14,89529,215],{},[37,89531,89533],{"className":39,"code":89532,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[44,89534,89535,89547],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89536,89537,89539,89541,89543,89545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89538,832],{"class":53},[47,89540,69],{"class":61},[47,89542,841],{"class":53},[47,89544,69],{"class":61},[47,89546,69860],{"class":53},[47,89548,89549,89552,89554,89557,89559],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89550,89551],{"class":53},"red ",[47,89553,1896],{"class":57},[47,89555,89556],{"class":53}," green ",[47,89558,1896],{"class":57},[47,89560,35763],{"class":53},[14,89562,89563,89565],{},[44,89564,89345],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89567,89568,89569,30],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[21,89570,89572],{"href":89571},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[32,89574,89576,36497],{"id":89575},"end-argument",[44,89577,52545],{},[14,89579,89580,89581,89583,89584,89586],{},"By default, ",[44,89582,46335],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[44,89585,46335],{}," starts on a new line.",[773,89588,89386],{"id":89589},"default-behavior-1",[37,89591,89593],{"className":39,"code":89592,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[44,89594,89595,89609],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89596,89597,89599,89601,89603,89605,89607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89598,167],{"class":166},[47,89600,170],{"class":61},[47,89602,126],{"class":125},[47,89604,34748],{"class":129},[47,89606,126],{"class":125},[47,89608,80],{"class":61},[47,89610,89611,89613,89615,89617,89620,89622],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89612,167],{"class":166},[47,89614,170],{"class":61},[47,89616,126],{"class":125},[47,89618,89619],{"class":129},"World",[47,89621,126],{"class":125},[47,89623,80],{"class":61},[14,89625,215],{},[37,89627,89629],{"className":39,"code":89628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello\nWorld\n",[44,89630,89631,89635],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89632,89633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89634,88828],{"class":53},[47,89636,89637],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89638,89639],{"class":53},"World\n",[773,89641,89643],{"id":89642},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[37,89645,89647],{"className":39,"code":89646,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[44,89648,89649,89671],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89650,89651,89653,89655,89657,89659,89661,89663,89665,89667,89669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89652,167],{"class":166},[47,89654,170],{"class":61},[47,89656,126],{"class":125},[47,89658,34748],{"class":129},[47,89660,126],{"class":125},[47,89662,69],{"class":61},[47,89664,64919],{"class":9053},[47,89666,58],{"class":57},[47,89668,6146],{"class":125},[47,89670,80],{"class":61},[47,89672,89673,89675,89677,89679,89681,89683],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89674,167],{"class":166},[47,89676,170],{"class":61},[47,89678,126],{"class":125},[47,89680,89619],{"class":129},[47,89682,126],{"class":125},[47,89684,80],{"class":61},[14,89686,215],{},[37,89688,89690],{"className":39,"code":89689,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"HelloWorld\n",[44,89691,89692],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89693,89694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89695,89689],{"class":53},[773,89697,89699],{"id":89698},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[37,89701,89703],{"className":39,"code":89702,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[44,89704,89705,89734],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89706,89707,89709,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89728,89730,89732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89708,167],{"class":166},[47,89710,170],{"class":61},[47,89712,126],{"class":125},[47,89714,34748],{"class":129},[47,89716,126],{"class":125},[47,89718,69],{"class":61},[47,89720,64919],{"class":9053},[47,89722,58],{"class":57},[47,89724,126],{"class":125},[47,89726,89727],{"class":129},"!",[47,89729,87032],{"class":34333},[47,89731,126],{"class":125},[47,89733,80],{"class":61},[47,89735,89736,89738,89740,89742,89744,89746],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89737,167],{"class":166},[47,89739,170],{"class":61},[47,89741,126],{"class":125},[47,89743,89619],{"class":129},[47,89745,126],{"class":125},[47,89747,80],{"class":61},[14,89749,215],{},[37,89751,89753],{"className":39,"code":89752,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[44,89754,89755,89760],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89756,89757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89758,89759],{"class":53},"Hello!\n",[47,89761,89762],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89763,89639],{"class":53},[14,89765,1854,89766,89768],{},[44,89767,52545],{}," argument is useful for:",[291,89770,89771,89774,89777],{},[294,89772,89773],{},"progress messages",[294,89775,89776],{},"inline output",[294,89778,89779],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[32,89781,89783,2274,89785],{"id":89782},"print-returns-none",[44,89784,46335],{},[44,89786,3652],{},[14,89788,89789,89790,89792],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[44,89791,46335],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89794,2083],{},[37,89796,89798],{"className":39,"code":89797,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[44,89799,89800,89820],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89801,89802,89804,89806,89809,89811,89813,89816,89818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89803,2106],{"class":53},[47,89805,58],{"class":57},[47,89807,89808],{"class":166}," print",[47,89810,170],{"class":61},[47,89812,126],{"class":125},[47,89814,89815],{"class":129},"Hi",[47,89817,126],{"class":125},[47,89819,80],{"class":61},[47,89821,89822,89824,89826,89828],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89823,167],{"class":166},[47,89825,170],{"class":61},[47,89827,2141],{"class":173},[47,89829,80],{"class":61},[14,89831,215],{},[37,89833,89835],{"className":39,"code":89834,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hi\nNone\n",[44,89836,89837,89842],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89838,89839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89840,89841],{"class":53},"Hi\n",[47,89843,89844],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89845,11687],{"class":412},[14,89847,89848],{},"Why does this happen?",[291,89850,89851,89859,89864],{},[294,89852,89853,89856,89857],{},[44,89854,89855],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[44,89858,89815],{},[294,89860,89861,89862],{},"but the function itself returns ",[44,89863,3652],{},[294,89865,89866,89867,11799,89869],{},"so ",[44,89868,2141],{},[44,89870,3652],{},[14,89872,89873,89874,89876],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[44,89875,46335],{}," call.",[37,89878,89880],{"className":39,"code":89879,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[44,89881,89882,89895],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89883,89884,89887,89889,89891,89893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89885,89886],{"class":53},"message ",[47,89888,58],{"class":57},[47,89890,136],{"class":125},[47,89892,89815],{"class":129},[47,89894,3230],{"class":125},[47,89896,89897,89899,89901,89904],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89898,167],{"class":166},[47,89900,170],{"class":61},[47,89902,89903],{"class":173},"message",[47,89905,80],{"class":61},[14,89907,89908,89909,89911,89912,89916],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[44,89910,46335],{}," with functions like ",[21,89913,89914],{"href":8095},[44,89915,2833],{},", which do return a value.",[32,89918,89920,89921],{"id":89919},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[44,89922,46335],{},[14,89924,89925,89926,89928],{},"Beginners use ",[44,89927,46335],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[291,89930,89931,89934,89937,89940],{},[294,89932,89933],{},"to display results to the user",[294,89935,89936],{},"to show messages in a script",[294,89938,89939],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[294,89941,89942],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,89944,2083],{},[37,89946,89948],{"className":39,"code":89947,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[44,89949,89950,89958,89962,89982,89993],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,89951,89952,89954,89956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89953,41064],{"class":53},[47,89955,58],{"class":57},[47,89957,38393],{"class":65},[47,89959,89960],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89961,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,89963,89964,89966,89968,89970,89972,89974,89976,89978,89980],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,89965,5832],{"class":3749},[47,89967,6261],{"class":53},[47,89969,3756],{"class":3749},[47,89971,53955],{"class":166},[47,89973,170],{"class":61},[47,89975,66],{"class":65},[47,89977,69],{"class":61},[47,89979,2333],{"class":65},[47,89981,8218],{"class":61},[47,89983,89984,89987,89990],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,89985,89986],{"class":53},"    total ",[47,89988,89989],{"class":57},"+=",[47,89991,89992],{"class":53}," number\n",[47,89994,89995,89997,89999,90001,90004,90006,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016,90018,90020,90022],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,89996,7944],{"class":166},[47,89998,170],{"class":61},[47,90000,126],{"class":125},[47,90002,90003],{"class":129},"Current number:",[47,90005,126],{"class":125},[47,90007,69],{"class":61},[47,90009,2072],{"class":173},[47,90011,69],{"class":61},[47,90013,136],{"class":125},[47,90015,45446],{"class":129},[47,90017,126],{"class":125},[47,90019,69],{"class":61},[47,90021,45453],{"class":173},[47,90023,80],{"class":61},[14,90025,215],{},[37,90027,90029],{"className":39,"code":90028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[44,90030,90031,90047,90061],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90032,90033,90036,90038,90040,90043,90045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90034,90035],{"class":53},"Current number",[47,90037,2760],{"class":61},[47,90039,1242],{"class":65},[47,90041,90042],{"class":53}," Total",[47,90044,2760],{"class":61},[47,90046,29492],{"class":65},[47,90048,90049,90051,90053,90055,90057,90059],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90050,90035],{"class":53},[47,90052,2760],{"class":61},[47,90054,72],{"class":65},[47,90056,90042],{"class":53},[47,90058,2760],{"class":61},[47,90060,2453],{"class":65},[47,90062,90063,90065,90067,90069,90071,90073],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,90064,90035],{"class":53},[47,90066,2760],{"class":61},[47,90068,77],{"class":65},[47,90070,90042],{"class":53},[47,90072,2760],{"class":61},[47,90074,90075],{"class":65}," 6\n",[14,90077,90078,90079,30],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[21,90080,90082],{"href":90081},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[32,90084,1284],{"id":1283},[14,90086,90087,90088,30],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[44,90089,46335],{},[773,90091,90093],{"id":90092},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90095,90096],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[37,90098,90100],{"className":39,"code":90099,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(Hello)\n",[44,90101,90102],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90103,90104,90106,90108,90110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90105,167],{"class":166},[47,90107,170],{"class":61},[47,90109,34748],{"class":173},[47,90111,80],{"class":61},[14,90113,8753,90114,90116],{},[44,90115,34748],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90118,10684],{},[37,90120,90122],{"className":39,"code":90121,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[44,90123,90124],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90125,90126,90128,90130,90132,90134,90136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90127,167],{"class":166},[47,90129,170],{"class":61},[47,90131,126],{"class":125},[47,90133,34748],{"class":129},[47,90135,126],{"class":125},[47,90137,80],{"class":61},[773,90139,8294,90141,90143],{"id":90140},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[44,90142,167],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90145,90146],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[37,90148,90150],{"className":39,"code":90149,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print \"Hello\"\n",[44,90151,90152],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90153,90154,90156,90158,90160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90155,167],{"class":166},[47,90157,136],{"class":125},[47,90159,34748],{"class":129},[47,90161,3230],{"class":125},[14,90163,10684],{},[37,90165,90166],{"className":39,"code":90121,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,90167,90168],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90169,90170,90172,90174,90176,90178,90180],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90171,167],{"class":166},[47,90173,170],{"class":61},[47,90175,126],{"class":125},[47,90177,34748],{"class":129},[47,90179,126],{"class":125},[47,90181,80],{"class":61},[773,90183,90185,90186],{"id":90184},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[44,90187,1934],{},[14,90189,90190,90191,30],{},"This causes a ",[44,90192,2879],{},[37,90194,90195],{"className":39,"code":89283,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,90196,90197,90205],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90198,90199,90201,90203],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90200,21504],{"class":53},[47,90202,58],{"class":57},[47,90204,2463],{"class":65},[47,90206,90207,90209,90211,90213,90215,90217,90219,90221],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90208,167],{"class":166},[47,90210,170],{"class":61},[47,90212,126],{"class":125},[47,90214,89304],{"class":129},[47,90216,126],{"class":125},[47,90218,2330],{"class":57},[47,90220,9066],{"class":173},[47,90222,80],{"class":61},[14,90224,90225],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[37,90227,90229],{"className":39,"code":90228,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[44,90230,90231],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90232,90233,90235,90237,90239,90241,90243,90245,90247],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90234,167],{"class":166},[47,90236,170],{"class":61},[47,90238,126],{"class":125},[47,90240,89205],{"class":129},[47,90242,126],{"class":125},[47,90244,69],{"class":61},[47,90246,9066],{"class":173},[47,90248,80],{"class":61},[14,90250,90251],{},"Or convert the number first:",[37,90253,90255],{"className":39,"code":90254,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[44,90256,90257],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90258,90259,90261,90263,90265,90267,90269,90271,90273,90275,90277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90260,167],{"class":166},[47,90262,170],{"class":61},[47,90264,126],{"class":125},[47,90266,89304],{"class":129},[47,90268,126],{"class":125},[47,90270,2330],{"class":57},[47,90272,48788],{"class":118},[47,90274,170],{"class":61},[47,90276,9174],{"class":173},[47,90278,506],{"class":61},[14,90280,90281,90282,30],{},"If you see this error, read ",[21,90283,90285],{"href":90284},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[773,90287,8330,90289,90291],{"id":90288},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[44,90290,46335],{}," to return a value",[14,90293,90294,90295,35211,90298,2760],{},"This does not store ",[44,90296,90297],{},"\"Hello\"",[44,90299,2141],{},[37,90301,90303],{"className":39,"code":90302,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[44,90304,90305],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90306,90307,90309,90311,90313,90315,90317,90319,90321],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90308,2106],{"class":53},[47,90310,58],{"class":57},[47,90312,89808],{"class":166},[47,90314,170],{"class":61},[47,90316,126],{"class":125},[47,90318,34748],{"class":129},[47,90320,126],{"class":125},[47,90322,80],{"class":61},[14,90324,90325,90326,30],{},"It stores ",[44,90327,3652],{},[773,90329,90331,90332,4267,90334],{"id":90330},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[44,90333,89345],{},[44,90335,52545],{},[14,90337,85691],{},[291,90339,90340,90349],{},[294,90341,90342,90344,90345,90348],{},[44,90343,89345],{}," changes what goes ",[575,90346,90347],{},"between"," multiple values",[294,90350,90351,90353,90354,90357],{},[44,90352,52545],{}," changes what appears ",[575,90355,90356],{},"after"," the output",[32,90359,90361],{"id":90360},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90363,90364,90365,90367],{},"These simple ",[44,90366,46335],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[37,90369,90371],{"className":39,"code":90370,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[44,90372,90373,90393,90408],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90374,90375,90377,90379,90381,90384,90386,90388,90391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90376,167],{"class":166},[47,90378,170],{"class":61},[47,90380,126],{"class":125},[47,90382,90383],{"class":129},"Debug:",[47,90385,126],{"class":125},[47,90387,69],{"class":61},[47,90389,90390],{"class":173}," variable_name",[47,90392,80],{"class":61},[47,90394,90395,90397,90399,90401,90403,90406],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90396,167],{"class":166},[47,90398,170],{"class":61},[47,90400,499],{"class":118},[47,90402,170],{"class":61},[47,90404,90405],{"class":173},"variable_name",[47,90407,506],{"class":61},[47,90409,90410,90412,90414,90416],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,90411,32031],{"class":166},[47,90413,170],{"class":61},[47,90415,167],{"class":166},[47,90417,80],{"class":61},[14,90419,90420],{},"What they do:",[291,90422,90423,90429,90435],{},[294,90424,90425,90428],{},[44,90426,90427],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[294,90430,90431,90434],{},[44,90432,90433],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[294,90436,90437,90440,90441],{},[44,90438,90439],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[44,90442,46335],{},[32,90444,1708],{"id":1707},[773,90446,12584,90448,90450],{"id":90447},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[44,90449,46335],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90452,90453,90454,90456,90457,36503],{},"Yes. By default, ",[44,90455,46335],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[44,90458,52545],{},[773,90460,5044,90462,90464],{"id":90461},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[44,90463,46335],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90466,90467,90468,90470],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[44,90469,46335],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[773,90472,5032,90474,5035,90477,2368],{"id":90473},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[44,90475,90476],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[44,90478,3652],{},[14,90480,28938,90481,90483],{},[44,90482,46335],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[773,90485,90487],{"id":90486},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90489,90490],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[37,90492,90494],{"className":39,"code":90493,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[44,90495,90496],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90497,90498,90500,90502,90504,90506,90508,90510,90512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90499,167],{"class":166},[47,90501,170],{"class":61},[47,90503,126],{"class":125},[47,90505,89205],{"class":129},[47,90507,126],{"class":125},[47,90509,69],{"class":61},[47,90511,5879],{"class":65},[47,90513,80],{"class":61},[14,90515,90516,90517,39810],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[44,90518,47567],{},[773,90520,5054,90522,4267,90524,2368],{"id":90521},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[44,90523,89345],{},[44,90525,52545],{},[291,90527,90528,90533],{},[294,90529,90530,90532],{},[44,90531,89345],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[294,90534,90535,90537],{},[44,90536,52545],{}," changes what appears after the output",[32,90539,1758],{"id":1757},[291,90541,90542,90546,90552,90558,90563,90568],{},[294,90543,90544],{},[21,90545,50860],{"href":50859},[294,90547,90548],{},[21,90549,3448,90550,3381],{"href":8095},[44,90551,2833],{},[294,90553,90554],{},[21,90555,3448,90556,3381],{"href":42056},[44,90557,47567],{},[294,90559,90560],{},[21,90561,90562],{"href":89571},"How to format strings in Python",[294,90564,90565],{},[21,90566,90567],{"href":90081},"How to debug Python code",[294,90569,90570],{},[21,90571,90285],{"href":90284},[1796,90573,90574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":90576},[90577,90578,90580,90581,90587,90588,90589,90594,90600,90602,90604,90615,90616,90627],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":88749,"depth":83,"text":90579},"What print() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":88985,"depth":83,"text":88986,"children":90582},[90583,90584,90585,90586],{"id":88994,"depth":94,"text":88995},{"id":89035,"depth":94,"text":89036},{"id":89067,"depth":94,"text":89068},{"id":89094,"depth":94,"text":89095},{"id":89136,"depth":83,"text":89137},{"id":89332,"depth":83,"text":89333},{"id":89372,"depth":83,"text":90590,"children":90591},"sep argument",[90592,90593],{"id":89385,"depth":94,"text":89386},{"id":89435,"depth":94,"text":89436},{"id":89575,"depth":83,"text":90595,"children":90596},"end argument",[90597,90598,90599],{"id":89589,"depth":94,"text":89386},{"id":89642,"depth":94,"text":89643},{"id":89698,"depth":94,"text":89699},{"id":89782,"depth":83,"text":90601},"print() returns None",{"id":89919,"depth":83,"text":90603},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":90605},[90606,90607,90609,90611,90613],{"id":90092,"depth":94,"text":90093},{"id":90140,"depth":94,"text":90608},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90184,"depth":94,"text":90610},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90288,"depth":94,"text":90612},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90330,"depth":94,"text":90614},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90360,"depth":83,"text":90361},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":90617},[90618,90620,90622,90624,90625],{"id":90447,"depth":94,"text":90619},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90461,"depth":94,"text":90621},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90473,"depth":94,"text":90623},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90486,"depth":94,"text":90487},{"id":90521,"depth":94,"text":90626},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88632,"description":90628},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90635,"title":90636,"body":90637,"description":92941,"extension":1837,"meta":92942,"navigation":159,"path":92943,"seo":92944,"stem":92945,"__hash__":92946},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90638,"toc":92887},[90639,90644,90649,90662,90664,90729,90740,90745,90750,90752,90775,90778,90809,90811,90828,90833,90839,90844,90893,90896,90913,90919,90924,90947,90949,90977,90983,90991,91018,91020,91045,91051,91054,91085,91087,91116,91120,91123,91128,91150,91152,91180,91186,91192,91218,91220,91244,91250,91256,91286,91288,91316,91326,91330,91336,91369,91371,91400,91403,91406,91439,91441,91449,91455,91457,91480,91485,91494,91499,91513,91515,91555,91557,91587,91591,91626,91632,91636,91680,91682,91712,91718,91721,91800,91802,91824,91832,91835,91898,91906,91981,91987,91994,91999,92004,92027,92029,92050,92052,92065,92067,92114,92116,92155,92164,92166,92170,92174,92177,92204,92207,92236,92239,92263,92266,92274,92280,92302,92304,92332,92336,92341,92396,92401,92403,92460,92467,92476,92479,92511,92513,92521,92524,92530,92532,92555,92558,92564,92567,92586,92588,92607,92610,92632,92634,92662,92666,92670,92775,92777,92790,92792,92798,92801,92809,92814,92820,92826,92831,92839,92845,92852,92854,92884],[10,90640,3448,90642,3452],{"id":90641},"python-range-function-explained",[44,90643,36079],{},[14,90645,32196,90646,90648],{},[44,90647,36079],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90650,90651,90652,90654,90655,90657,90658,90661],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[44,90653,5832],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[44,90656,36079],{}," stops ",[575,90659,90660],{},"before"," the end value.",[32,90663,35],{"id":34},[37,90665,90667],{"className":39,"code":90666,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[44,90668,90669,90685,90695,90699,90704,90709,90714,90719,90724],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90670,90671,90673,90675,90677,90679,90681,90683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90672,5832],{"class":3749},[47,90674,69427],{"class":53},[47,90676,3756],{"class":3749},[47,90678,53955],{"class":166},[47,90680,170],{"class":61},[47,90682,104],{"class":65},[47,90684,8218],{"class":61},[47,90686,90687,90689,90691,90693],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90688,7944],{"class":166},[47,90690,170],{"class":61},[47,90692,36035],{"class":173},[47,90694,80],{"class":61},[47,90696,90697],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,90698,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,90700,90701],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,90702,90703],{"class":1494},"# Output:\n",[47,90705,90706],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,90707,90708],{"class":1494},"# 0\n",[47,90710,90711],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,90712,90713],{"class":1494},"# 1\n",[47,90715,90716],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,90717,90718],{"class":1494},"# 2\n",[47,90720,90721],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,90722,90723],{"class":1494},"# 3\n",[47,90725,90726],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,90727,90728],{"class":1494},"# 4\n",[14,90730,90731,90734,90735,90737,90738,30],{},[44,90732,90733],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[44,90736,1237],{}," and stopping before ",[44,90739,104],{},[32,90741,3550,90743,3553],{"id":90742},"what-range-does",[44,90744,36079],{},[14,90746,90747,90749],{},[44,90748,36079],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90751,12932],{},[291,90753,90754,90759,90765,90770],{},[294,90755,90756,90758],{},[44,90757,36079],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[294,90760,90761,90762,90764],{},"It is commonly used with ",[44,90763,5832],{}," loops",[294,90766,90767,90768],{},"The stop value is ",[575,90769,64948],{},[294,90771,17299,90772,90774],{},[44,90773,1205],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90776,90777],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[37,90779,90781],{"className":39,"code":90780,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[44,90782,90783,90799],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90784,90785,90787,90789,90791,90793,90795,90797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90786,5832],{"class":3749},[47,90788,6261],{"class":53},[47,90790,3756],{"class":3749},[47,90792,53955],{"class":166},[47,90794,170],{"class":61},[47,90796,1937],{"class":65},[47,90798,8218],{"class":61},[47,90800,90801,90803,90805,90807],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90802,7944],{"class":166},[47,90804,170],{"class":61},[47,90806,2116],{"class":173},[47,90808,80],{"class":61},[14,90810,215],{},[37,90812,90814],{"className":39,"code":90813,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0\n1\n2\n",[44,90815,90816,90820,90824],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90817,90818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90819,47135],{"class":65},[47,90821,90822],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90823,46800],{"class":65},[47,90825,90826],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,90827,16933],{"class":65},[14,90829,90830,90831,30],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[21,90832,35911],{"href":35910},[32,90834,90836,90838],{"id":90835},"range-syntax",[44,90837,36079],{}," syntax",[14,90840,90841,90843],{},[44,90842,36079],{}," has three common forms:",[37,90845,90847],{"className":39,"code":90846,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[44,90848,90849,90859,90874],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90850,90851,90853,90855,90857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90852,1205],{"class":166},[47,90854,170],{"class":61},[47,90856,75305],{"class":173},[47,90858,80],{"class":61},[47,90860,90861,90863,90865,90867,90869,90872],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90862,1205],{"class":166},[47,90864,170],{"class":61},[47,90866,35955],{"class":173},[47,90868,69],{"class":61},[47,90870,90871],{"class":173}," stop",[47,90873,80],{"class":61},[47,90875,90876,90878,90880,90882,90884,90886,90888,90891],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,90877,1205],{"class":166},[47,90879,170],{"class":61},[47,90881,35955],{"class":173},[47,90883,69],{"class":61},[47,90885,90871],{"class":173},[47,90887,69],{"class":61},[47,90889,90890],{"class":173}," step",[47,90892,80],{"class":61},[14,90894,90895],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[291,90897,90898,90903,90908],{},[294,90899,90900,90902],{},[44,90901,35955],{}," = first number",[294,90904,90905,90907],{},[44,90906,75305],{}," = end limit, not included",[294,90909,90910,90912],{},[44,90911,75308],{}," = amount to move each time",[773,90914,90916],{"id":90915},"rangestop",[44,90917,90918],{},"range(stop)",[14,90920,90921,90922,30],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[44,90923,1237],{},[37,90925,90927],{"className":39,"code":90926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[44,90928,90929],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90930,90931,90933,90935,90937,90939,90941,90943,90945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90932,167],{"class":166},[47,90934,170],{"class":61},[47,90936,7969],{"class":118},[47,90938,170],{"class":61},[47,90940,1205],{"class":166},[47,90942,170],{"class":61},[47,90944,104],{"class":65},[47,90946,2788],{"class":61},[14,90948,215],{},[37,90950,90951],{"className":39,"code":59902,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,90952,90953],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90954,90955,90957,90959,90961,90963,90965,90967,90969,90971,90973,90975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90956,3773],{"class":61},[47,90958,1237],{"class":65},[47,90960,69],{"class":61},[47,90962,1242],{"class":65},[47,90964,69],{"class":61},[47,90966,72],{"class":65},[47,90968,69],{"class":61},[47,90970,77],{"class":65},[47,90972,69],{"class":61},[47,90974,2333],{"class":65},[47,90976,1402],{"class":61},[773,90978,90980],{"id":90979},"rangestart-stop",[44,90981,90982],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,90984,90985,90986,90988,90989,30],{},"This starts at ",[44,90987,35955],{}," and stops before ",[44,90990,75305],{},[37,90992,90994],{"className":39,"code":90993,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[44,90995,90996],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,90997,90998,91000,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90999,167],{"class":166},[47,91001,170],{"class":61},[47,91003,7969],{"class":118},[47,91005,170],{"class":61},[47,91007,1205],{"class":166},[47,91009,170],{"class":61},[47,91011,1931],{"class":65},[47,91013,69],{"class":61},[47,91015,37525],{"class":65},[47,91017,2788],{"class":61},[14,91019,215],{},[37,91021,91023],{"className":39,"code":91022,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[44,91024,91025],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91026,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035,91037,91039,91041,91043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91028,3773],{"class":61},[47,91030,1931],{"class":65},[47,91032,69],{"class":61},[47,91034,77],{"class":65},[47,91036,69],{"class":61},[47,91038,2333],{"class":65},[47,91040,69],{"class":61},[47,91042,4480],{"class":65},[47,91044,1402],{"class":61},[773,91046,91048],{"id":91047},"rangestart-stop-step",[44,91049,91050],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91052,91053],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[37,91055,91057],{"className":39,"code":91056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[44,91058,91059],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91060,91061,91063,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077,91079,91081,91083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91062,167],{"class":166},[47,91064,170],{"class":61},[47,91066,7969],{"class":118},[47,91068,170],{"class":61},[47,91070,1205],{"class":166},[47,91072,170],{"class":61},[47,91074,66],{"class":65},[47,91076,69],{"class":61},[47,91078,5879],{"class":65},[47,91080,69],{"class":61},[47,91082,72],{"class":65},[47,91084,2788],{"class":61},[14,91086,215],{},[37,91088,91090],{"className":39,"code":91089,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[44,91091,91092],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91093,91094,91096,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91095,3773],{"class":61},[47,91097,66],{"class":65},[47,91099,69],{"class":61},[47,91101,77],{"class":65},[47,91103,69],{"class":61},[47,91105,4480],{"class":65},[47,91107,69],{"class":61},[47,91109,5868],{"class":65},[47,91111,69],{"class":61},[47,91113,54021],{"class":65},[47,91115,1402],{"class":61},[32,91117,91119],{"id":91118},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91121,91122],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[773,91124,91126],{"id":91125},"range5",[44,91127,90733],{},[37,91129,91130],{"className":39,"code":90926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,91131,91132],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91133,91134,91136,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146,91148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91135,167],{"class":166},[47,91137,170],{"class":61},[47,91139,7969],{"class":118},[47,91141,170],{"class":61},[47,91143,1205],{"class":166},[47,91145,170],{"class":61},[47,91147,104],{"class":65},[47,91149,2788],{"class":61},[14,91151,215],{},[37,91153,91154],{"className":39,"code":59902,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,91155,91156],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91157,91158,91160,91162,91164,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91159,3773],{"class":61},[47,91161,1237],{"class":65},[47,91163,69],{"class":61},[47,91165,1242],{"class":65},[47,91167,69],{"class":61},[47,91169,72],{"class":65},[47,91171,69],{"class":61},[47,91173,77],{"class":65},[47,91175,69],{"class":61},[47,91177,2333],{"class":65},[47,91179,1402],{"class":61},[14,91181,90985,91182,90988,91184,30],{},[44,91183,1237],{},[44,91185,104],{},[773,91187,91189],{"id":91188},"range2-6",[44,91190,91191],{},"range(2, 6)",[37,91193,91194],{"className":39,"code":90993,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,91195,91196],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91197,91198,91200,91202,91204,91206,91208,91210,91212,91214,91216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91199,167],{"class":166},[47,91201,170],{"class":61},[47,91203,7969],{"class":118},[47,91205,170],{"class":61},[47,91207,1205],{"class":166},[47,91209,170],{"class":61},[47,91211,1931],{"class":65},[47,91213,69],{"class":61},[47,91215,37525],{"class":65},[47,91217,2788],{"class":61},[14,91219,215],{},[37,91221,91222],{"className":39,"code":91022,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,91223,91224],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91225,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91227,3773],{"class":61},[47,91229,1931],{"class":65},[47,91231,69],{"class":61},[47,91233,77],{"class":65},[47,91235,69],{"class":61},[47,91237,2333],{"class":65},[47,91239,69],{"class":61},[47,91241,4480],{"class":65},[47,91243,1402],{"class":61},[14,91245,90985,91246,90988,91248,30],{},[44,91247,1931],{},[44,91249,80473],{},[773,91251,91253],{"id":91252},"range1-10-2",[44,91254,91255],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[37,91257,91258],{"className":39,"code":91056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,91259,91260],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91261,91262,91264,91266,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91263,167],{"class":166},[47,91265,170],{"class":61},[47,91267,7969],{"class":118},[47,91269,170],{"class":61},[47,91271,1205],{"class":166},[47,91273,170],{"class":61},[47,91275,66],{"class":65},[47,91277,69],{"class":61},[47,91279,5879],{"class":65},[47,91281,69],{"class":61},[47,91283,72],{"class":65},[47,91285,2788],{"class":61},[14,91287,215],{},[37,91289,91290],{"className":39,"code":91089,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,91291,91292],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91293,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91295,3773],{"class":61},[47,91297,66],{"class":65},[47,91299,69],{"class":61},[47,91301,77],{"class":65},[47,91303,69],{"class":61},[47,91305,4480],{"class":65},[47,91307,69],{"class":61},[47,91309,5868],{"class":65},[47,91311,69],{"class":61},[47,91313,54021],{"class":65},[47,91315,1402],{"class":61},[14,91317,91318,91319,91321,91322,61182,91324,30],{},"This moves by ",[44,91320,1931],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[44,91323,66],{},[44,91325,2018],{},[773,91327,91329],{"id":91328},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91331,91332,91333,91335],{},"A negative step makes ",[44,91334,36079],{}," count backward.",[37,91337,91339],{"className":39,"code":91338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[44,91340,91341],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91342,91343,91345,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91344,167],{"class":166},[47,91346,170],{"class":61},[47,91348,7969],{"class":118},[47,91350,170],{"class":61},[47,91352,1205],{"class":166},[47,91354,170],{"class":61},[47,91356,104],{"class":65},[47,91358,69],{"class":61},[47,91360,3706],{"class":65},[47,91362,69],{"class":61},[47,91364,2098],{"class":57},[47,91366,66],{"class":65},[47,91368,2788],{"class":61},[14,91370,215],{},[37,91372,91374],{"className":39,"code":91373,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[44,91375,91376],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91377,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91379,3773],{"class":61},[47,91381,104],{"class":65},[47,91383,69],{"class":61},[47,91385,2333],{"class":65},[47,91387,69],{"class":61},[47,91389,77],{"class":65},[47,91391,69],{"class":61},[47,91393,72],{"class":65},[47,91395,69],{"class":61},[47,91397,1242],{"class":65},[47,91399,1402],{"class":61},[14,91401,91402],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91404,91405],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[37,91407,91409],{"className":39,"code":91408,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[44,91410,91411],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91412,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91414,167],{"class":166},[47,91416,170],{"class":61},[47,91418,7969],{"class":118},[47,91420,170],{"class":61},[47,91422,1205],{"class":166},[47,91424,170],{"class":61},[47,91426,66],{"class":65},[47,91428,69],{"class":61},[47,91430,4480],{"class":65},[47,91432,69],{"class":61},[47,91434,2098],{"class":57},[47,91436,66],{"class":65},[47,91438,2788],{"class":61},[14,91440,215],{},[37,91442,91443],{"className":39,"code":38178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,91444,91445],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91446,91447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91448,38178],{"class":61},[773,91450,91451,76468,91453],{"id":76692},[44,91452,75308],{},[44,91454,1237],{},[14,91456,2712],{},[37,91458,91460],{"className":39,"code":91459,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[44,91461,91462],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91463,91464,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91465,1205],{"class":166},[47,91467,170],{"class":61},[47,91469,66],{"class":65},[47,91471,69],{"class":61},[47,91473,4480],{"class":65},[47,91475,69],{"class":61},[47,91477,3706],{"class":65},[47,91479,80],{"class":61},[14,91481,76737,91482,91484],{},[44,91483,40585],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[32,91486,8294,91488,91490,91491,91493],{"id":91487},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[44,91489,36079],{}," in a ",[44,91492,5832],{}," loop",[14,91495,91496,91498],{},[44,91497,36079],{}," is most useful when:",[291,91500,91501,91504,91507],{},[294,91502,91503],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[294,91505,91506],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[294,91508,91509,91510],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[44,91511,91512],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91514,2083],{},[37,91516,91518],{"className":39,"code":91517,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[44,91519,91520,91536],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91521,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91523,5832],{"class":3749},[47,91525,69427],{"class":53},[47,91527,3756],{"class":3749},[47,91529,53955],{"class":166},[47,91531,170],{"class":61},[47,91533,1937],{"class":65},[47,91535,8218],{"class":61},[47,91537,91538,91540,91542,91544,91547,91549,91551,91553],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91539,7944],{"class":166},[47,91541,170],{"class":61},[47,91543,126],{"class":125},[47,91545,91546],{"class":129},"Loop number:",[47,91548,126],{"class":125},[47,91550,69],{"class":61},[47,91552,36011],{"class":173},[47,91554,80],{"class":61},[14,91556,215],{},[37,91558,91560],{"className":39,"code":91559,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[44,91561,91562,91571,91579],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91563,91564,91567,91569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91565,91566],{"class":53},"Loop number",[47,91568,2760],{"class":61},[47,91570,38393],{"class":65},[47,91572,91573,91575,91577],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91574,91566],{"class":53},[47,91576,2760],{"class":61},[47,91578,29492],{"class":65},[47,91580,91581,91583,91585],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91582,91566],{"class":53},[47,91584,2760],{"class":61},[47,91586,45472],{"class":65},[773,91588,91590],{"id":91589},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[37,91592,91594],{"className":39,"code":91593,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[44,91595,91596,91612],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91597,91598,91600,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91599,5832],{"class":3749},[47,91601,69427],{"class":53},[47,91603,3756],{"class":3749},[47,91605,53955],{"class":166},[47,91607,170],{"class":61},[47,91609,104],{"class":65},[47,91611,8218],{"class":61},[47,91613,91614,91616,91618,91620,91622,91624],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91615,7944],{"class":166},[47,91617,170],{"class":61},[47,91619,126],{"class":125},[47,91621,34748],{"class":129},[47,91623,126],{"class":125},[47,91625,80],{"class":61},[14,91627,91628,91629,91631],{},"This prints ",[44,91630,90297],{}," five times.",[773,91633,91635],{"id":91634},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[37,91637,91639],{"className":39,"code":91638,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[44,91640,91641,91661],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91642,91643,91645,91647,91649,91651,91653,91655,91657,91659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91644,5832],{"class":3749},[47,91646,69427],{"class":53},[47,91648,3756],{"class":3749},[47,91650,53955],{"class":166},[47,91652,170],{"class":61},[47,91654,66],{"class":65},[47,91656,69],{"class":61},[47,91658,2333],{"class":65},[47,91660,8218],{"class":61},[47,91662,91663,91665,91667,91669,91672,91674,91676,91678],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91664,7944],{"class":166},[47,91666,170],{"class":61},[47,91668,126],{"class":125},[47,91670,91671],{"class":129},"Current number is",[47,91673,126],{"class":125},[47,91675,69],{"class":61},[47,91677,36011],{"class":173},[47,91679,80],{"class":61},[14,91681,215],{},[37,91683,91685],{"className":39,"code":91684,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[44,91686,91687,91696,91704],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91688,91689,91692,91694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91690,91691],{"class":53},"Current number ",[47,91693,12073],{"class":57},[47,91695,29492],{"class":65},[47,91697,91698,91700,91702],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91699,91691],{"class":53},[47,91701,12073],{"class":57},[47,91703,45472],{"class":65},[47,91705,91706,91708,91710],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91707,91691],{"class":53},[47,91709,12073],{"class":57},[47,91711,2453],{"class":65},[773,91713,91715,91717],{"id":91714},"range-and-indexing",[44,91716,36079],{}," and indexing",[14,91719,91720],{},"You may see code like this:",[37,91722,91724],{"className":39,"code":91723,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[44,91725,91726,91758,91762,91782],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91727,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736,91738,91740,91742,91744,91746,91748,91750,91752,91754,91756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91729,7654],{"class":53},[47,91731,58],{"class":57},[47,91733,957],{"class":61},[47,91735,126],{"class":125},[47,91737,21],{"class":129},[47,91739,126],{"class":125},[47,91741,69],{"class":61},[47,91743,136],{"class":125},[47,91745,139],{"class":129},[47,91747,126],{"class":125},[47,91749,69],{"class":61},[47,91751,136],{"class":125},[47,91753,148],{"class":129},[47,91755,126],{"class":125},[47,91757,1402],{"class":61},[47,91759,91760],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91761,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,91763,91764,91766,91768,91770,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91765,5832],{"class":3749},[47,91767,69427],{"class":53},[47,91769,3756],{"class":3749},[47,91771,53955],{"class":166},[47,91773,170],{"class":61},[47,91775,1698],{"class":166},[47,91777,170],{"class":61},[47,91779,7684],{"class":173},[47,91781,69442],{"class":61},[47,91783,91784,91786,91788,91790,91792,91794,91796,91798],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,91785,7944],{"class":166},[47,91787,170],{"class":61},[47,91789,36035],{"class":173},[47,91791,69],{"class":61},[47,91793,5840],{"class":173},[47,91795,3773],{"class":61},[47,91797,36035],{"class":173},[47,91799,153],{"class":61},[14,91801,215],{},[37,91803,91804],{"className":39,"code":36047,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,91805,91806,91812,91818],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91807,91808,91810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91809,1237],{"class":65},[47,91811,36056],{"class":53},[47,91813,91814,91816],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91815,66],{"class":65},[47,91817,36063],{"class":53},[47,91819,91820,91822],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91821,1931],{"class":65},[47,91823,36070],{"class":53},[14,91825,91826,91827,91831],{},"This works, and it uses ",[21,91828,91829],{"href":42239},[44,91830,42242],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91833,91834],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[37,91836,91838],{"className":39,"code":91837,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[44,91839,91840,91872,91876,91888],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91841,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850,91852,91854,91856,91858,91860,91862,91864,91866,91868,91870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91843,7654],{"class":53},[47,91845,58],{"class":57},[47,91847,957],{"class":61},[47,91849,126],{"class":125},[47,91851,21],{"class":129},[47,91853,126],{"class":125},[47,91855,69],{"class":61},[47,91857,136],{"class":125},[47,91859,139],{"class":129},[47,91861,126],{"class":125},[47,91863,69],{"class":61},[47,91865,136],{"class":125},[47,91867,148],{"class":129},[47,91869,126],{"class":125},[47,91871,1402],{"class":61},[47,91873,91874],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91875,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,91877,91878,91880,91882,91884,91886],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91879,5832],{"class":3749},[47,91881,5835],{"class":53},[47,91883,3756],{"class":3749},[47,91885,5840],{"class":53},[47,91887,6268],{"class":61},[47,91889,91890,91892,91894,91896],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,91891,7944],{"class":166},[47,91893,170],{"class":61},[47,91895,1329],{"class":173},[47,91897,80],{"class":61},[14,91899,36474,91900,91905],{},[21,91901,91903],{"href":91902},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[44,91904,35631],{}," is usually a better choice:",[37,91907,91909],{"className":39,"code":91908,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[44,91910,91911,91943,91947,91967],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,91912,91913,91915,91917,91919,91921,91923,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91914,7654],{"class":53},[47,91916,58],{"class":57},[47,91918,957],{"class":61},[47,91920,126],{"class":125},[47,91922,21],{"class":129},[47,91924,126],{"class":125},[47,91926,69],{"class":61},[47,91928,136],{"class":125},[47,91930,139],{"class":129},[47,91932,126],{"class":125},[47,91934,69],{"class":61},[47,91936,136],{"class":125},[47,91938,148],{"class":129},[47,91940,126],{"class":125},[47,91942,1402],{"class":61},[47,91944,91945],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91946,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,91948,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91950,5832],{"class":3749},[47,91952,35703],{"class":53},[47,91954,69],{"class":61},[47,91956,5835],{"class":53},[47,91958,3756],{"class":3749},[47,91960,35713],{"class":166},[47,91962,170],{"class":61},[47,91964,7684],{"class":173},[47,91966,8218],{"class":61},[47,91968,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,91970,7944],{"class":166},[47,91972,170],{"class":61},[47,91974,35728],{"class":173},[47,91976,69],{"class":61},[47,91978,29384],{"class":173},[47,91980,80],{"class":61},[14,91982,78997,91983,30],{},[21,91984,36487,91985,36490],{"href":36486},[44,91986,35631],{},[32,91988,91990,91991,91993],{"id":91989},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[44,91992,36079],{}," to a list",[14,91995,91996,91998],{},[44,91997,36079],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92000,92001,92002,2760],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[44,92003,24657],{},[37,92005,92007],{"className":39,"code":92006,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[44,92008,92009],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92010,92011,92013,92015,92017,92019,92021,92023,92025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92012,167],{"class":166},[47,92014,170],{"class":61},[47,92016,7969],{"class":118},[47,92018,170],{"class":61},[47,92020,1205],{"class":166},[47,92022,170],{"class":61},[47,92024,1937],{"class":65},[47,92026,2788],{"class":61},[14,92028,215],{},[37,92030,92032],{"className":39,"code":92031,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[44,92033,92034],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92035,92036,92038,92040,92042,92044,92046,92048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92037,3773],{"class":61},[47,92039,1237],{"class":65},[47,92041,69],{"class":61},[47,92043,1242],{"class":65},[47,92045,69],{"class":61},[47,92047,72],{"class":65},[47,92049,1402],{"class":61},[14,92051,33191],{},[291,92053,92054,92059,92062],{},[294,92055,92056,92057,41966],{},"learning how ",[44,92058,36079],{},[294,92060,92061],{},"checking your values",[294,92063,92064],{},"debugging code",[14,92066,5346],{},[37,92068,92070],{"className":39,"code":92069,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[44,92071,92072,92086,92090,92100],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92073,92074,92076,92078,92080,92082,92084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92075,54],{"class":53},[47,92077,58],{"class":57},[47,92079,53955],{"class":166},[47,92081,170],{"class":61},[47,92083,1210],{"class":65},[47,92085,80],{"class":61},[47,92087,92088],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92089,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,92091,92092,92094,92096,92098],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,92093,167],{"class":166},[47,92095,170],{"class":61},[47,92097,174],{"class":173},[47,92099,80],{"class":61},[47,92101,92102,92104,92106,92108,92110,92112],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,92103,167],{"class":166},[47,92105,170],{"class":61},[47,92107,7969],{"class":118},[47,92109,170],{"class":61},[47,92111,174],{"class":173},[47,92113,506],{"class":61},[14,92115,215],{},[37,92117,92119],{"className":39,"code":92118,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[44,92120,92121,92135],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92122,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92124,1205],{"class":166},[47,92126,170],{"class":61},[47,92128,1237],{"class":65},[47,92130,69],{"class":61},[47,92132,2333],{"class":65},[47,92134,80],{"class":61},[47,92136,92137,92139,92141,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92138,3773],{"class":61},[47,92140,1237],{"class":65},[47,92142,69],{"class":61},[47,92144,1242],{"class":65},[47,92146,69],{"class":61},[47,92148,72],{"class":65},[47,92150,69],{"class":61},[47,92152,77],{"class":65},[47,92154,1402],{"class":61},[14,92156,92157,92158,10461,92160,92163],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[44,92159,1205],{},[44,92161,92162],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[32,92165,4393],{"id":4392},[14,92167,33420,92168,30],{},[44,92169,36079],{},[773,92171,92173],{"id":92172},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92175,92176],{},"Many beginners think this:",[37,92178,92180],{"className":39,"code":92179,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[44,92181,92182],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92183,92184,92186,92188,92190,92192,92194,92196,92198,92200,92202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92185,167],{"class":166},[47,92187,170],{"class":61},[47,92189,7969],{"class":118},[47,92191,170],{"class":61},[47,92193,1205],{"class":166},[47,92195,170],{"class":61},[47,92197,66],{"class":65},[47,92199,69],{"class":61},[47,92201,4480],{"class":65},[47,92203,2788],{"class":61},[14,92205,92206],{},"will produce:",[37,92208,92210],{"className":39,"code":92209,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[44,92211,92212],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92213,92214,92216,92218,92220,92222,92224,92226,92228,92230,92232,92234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92215,3773],{"class":61},[47,92217,66],{"class":65},[47,92219,69],{"class":61},[47,92221,72],{"class":65},[47,92223,69],{"class":61},[47,92225,77],{"class":65},[47,92227,69],{"class":61},[47,92229,2333],{"class":65},[47,92231,69],{"class":61},[47,92233,4480],{"class":65},[47,92235,1402],{"class":61},[14,92237,92238],{},"But the real output is:",[37,92240,92241],{"className":39,"code":53390,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,92242,92243],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92244,92245,92247,92249,92251,92253,92255,92257,92259,92261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92246,3773],{"class":61},[47,92248,66],{"class":65},[47,92250,69],{"class":61},[47,92252,72],{"class":65},[47,92254,69],{"class":61},[47,92256,77],{"class":65},[47,92258,69],{"class":61},[47,92260,2333],{"class":65},[47,92262,1402],{"class":61},[14,92264,92265],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[773,92267,4454,92269,92271,92272],{"id":92268},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[44,92270,90733],{}," starts at ",[44,92273,66],{},[14,92275,37349,92276,18840,92278,30],{},[44,92277,1237],{},[44,92279,66],{},[37,92281,92282],{"className":39,"code":90926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,92283,92284],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92285,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92287,167],{"class":166},[47,92289,170],{"class":61},[47,92291,7969],{"class":118},[47,92293,170],{"class":61},[47,92295,1205],{"class":166},[47,92297,170],{"class":61},[47,92299,104],{"class":65},[47,92301,2788],{"class":61},[14,92303,215],{},[37,92305,92306],{"className":39,"code":59902,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,92307,92308],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92309,92310,92312,92314,92316,92318,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328,92330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92311,3773],{"class":61},[47,92313,1237],{"class":65},[47,92315,69],{"class":61},[47,92317,1242],{"class":65},[47,92319,69],{"class":61},[47,92321,72],{"class":65},[47,92323,69],{"class":61},[47,92325,77],{"class":65},[47,92327,69],{"class":61},[47,92329,2333],{"class":65},[47,92331,1402],{"class":61},[773,92333,92335],{"id":92334},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92337,92338,92339,2760],{},"This often happens with ",[44,92340,2833],{},[37,92342,92344],{"className":39,"code":92343,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[44,92345,92346,92365,92369,92386],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92347,92348,92351,92353,92355,92357,92359,92361,92363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92349,92350],{"class":53},"user_number ",[47,92352,58],{"class":57},[47,92354,8118],{"class":166},[47,92356,170],{"class":61},[47,92358,126],{"class":125},[47,92360,41752],{"class":129},[47,92362,126],{"class":125},[47,92364,80],{"class":61},[47,92366,92367],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92368,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,92370,92371,92373,92375,92377,92379,92381,92384],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,92372,5832],{"class":3749},[47,92374,69427],{"class":53},[47,92376,3756],{"class":3749},[47,92378,53955],{"class":166},[47,92380,170],{"class":61},[47,92382,92383],{"class":173},"user_number",[47,92385,8218],{"class":61},[47,92387,92388,92390,92392,92394],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,92389,7944],{"class":166},[47,92391,170],{"class":61},[47,92393,36035],{"class":173},[47,92395,80],{"class":61},[14,92397,48394,92398,92400],{},[44,92399,2833],{}," returns a string.",[14,92402,10684],{},[37,92404,92406],{"className":39,"code":92405,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[44,92407,92408,92430,92434,92450],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92409,92410,92412,92414,92416,92418,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92411,92350],{"class":53},[47,92413,58],{"class":57},[47,92415,45159],{"class":118},[47,92417,170],{"class":61},[47,92419,42344],{"class":166},[47,92421,170],{"class":61},[47,92423,126],{"class":125},[47,92425,41752],{"class":129},[47,92427,126],{"class":125},[47,92429,506],{"class":61},[47,92431,92432],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92433,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,92435,92436,92438,92440,92442,92444,92446,92448],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,92437,5832],{"class":3749},[47,92439,69427],{"class":53},[47,92441,3756],{"class":3749},[47,92443,53955],{"class":166},[47,92445,170],{"class":61},[47,92447,92383],{"class":173},[47,92449,8218],{"class":61},[47,92451,92452,92454,92456,92458],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,92453,7944],{"class":166},[47,92455,170],{"class":61},[47,92457,36035],{"class":173},[47,92459,80],{"class":61},[14,92461,92462,92463,30],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[21,92464,50407,92465],{"href":50406},[44,92466,50410],{},[773,92468,92470,92471,92473,92474],{"id":92469},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[44,92472,35955],{}," smaller than ",[44,92475,75305],{},[14,92477,92478],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[37,92480,92481],{"className":39,"code":91408,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,92482,92483],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92484,92485,92487,92489,92491,92493,92495,92497,92499,92501,92503,92505,92507,92509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92486,167],{"class":166},[47,92488,170],{"class":61},[47,92490,7969],{"class":118},[47,92492,170],{"class":61},[47,92494,1205],{"class":166},[47,92496,170],{"class":61},[47,92498,66],{"class":65},[47,92500,69],{"class":61},[47,92502,4480],{"class":65},[47,92504,69],{"class":61},[47,92506,2098],{"class":57},[47,92508,66],{"class":65},[47,92510,2788],{"class":61},[14,92512,215],{},[37,92514,92515],{"className":39,"code":38178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,92516,92517],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92518,92519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92520,38178],{"class":61},[14,92522,92523],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[773,92525,25493,92527],{"id":92526},"trying-to-use-step-0",[44,92528,92529],{},"step = 0",[14,92531,77448],{},[37,92533,92535],{"className":39,"code":92534,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[44,92536,92537],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92538,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92540,1205],{"class":166},[47,92542,170],{"class":61},[47,92544,66],{"class":65},[47,92546,69],{"class":61},[47,92548,5879],{"class":65},[47,92550,69],{"class":61},[47,92552,3706],{"class":65},[47,92554,80],{"class":61},[14,92556,92557],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[773,92559,4579,92561,92563],{"id":92560},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[44,92562,36079],{}," is not a list",[14,92565,92566],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[37,92568,92570],{"className":39,"code":92569,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(range(5))\n",[44,92571,92572],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92573,92574,92576,92578,92580,92582,92584],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92575,167],{"class":166},[47,92577,170],{"class":61},[47,92579,1205],{"class":166},[47,92581,170],{"class":61},[47,92583,104],{"class":65},[47,92585,506],{"class":61},[14,92587,215],{},[37,92589,92591],{"className":39,"code":92590,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(0, 5)\n",[44,92592,92593],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92594,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603,92605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92596,1205],{"class":166},[47,92598,170],{"class":61},[47,92600,1237],{"class":65},[47,92602,69],{"class":61},[47,92604,4480],{"class":65},[47,92606,80],{"class":61},[14,92608,92609],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[37,92611,92612],{"className":39,"code":90926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,92613,92614],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92615,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92617,167],{"class":166},[47,92619,170],{"class":61},[47,92621,7969],{"class":118},[47,92623,170],{"class":61},[47,92625,1205],{"class":166},[47,92627,170],{"class":61},[47,92629,104],{"class":65},[47,92631,2788],{"class":61},[14,92633,215],{},[37,92635,92636],{"className":39,"code":59902,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,92637,92638],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92639,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656,92658,92660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92641,3773],{"class":61},[47,92643,1237],{"class":65},[47,92645,69],{"class":61},[47,92647,1242],{"class":65},[47,92649,69],{"class":61},[47,92651,72],{"class":65},[47,92653,69],{"class":61},[47,92655,77],{"class":65},[47,92657,69],{"class":61},[47,92659,2333],{"class":65},[47,92661,1402],{"class":61},[32,92663,92665],{"id":92664},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92667,8753,92668,82219],{},[44,92669,36079],{},[37,92671,92673],{"className":39,"code":92672,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[44,92674,92675,92689,92707,92729,92757],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,92676,92677,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92678,167],{"class":166},[47,92680,170],{"class":61},[47,92682,1205],{"class":166},[47,92684,170],{"class":61},[47,92686,104],{"class":65},[47,92688,506],{"class":61},[47,92690,92691,92693,92695,92697,92699,92701,92703,92705],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92692,167],{"class":166},[47,92694,170],{"class":61},[47,92696,7969],{"class":118},[47,92698,170],{"class":61},[47,92700,1205],{"class":166},[47,92702,170],{"class":61},[47,92704,104],{"class":65},[47,92706,2788],{"class":61},[47,92708,92709,92711,92713,92715,92717,92719,92721,92723,92725,92727],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,92710,167],{"class":166},[47,92712,170],{"class":61},[47,92714,7969],{"class":118},[47,92716,170],{"class":61},[47,92718,1205],{"class":166},[47,92720,170],{"class":61},[47,92722,1931],{"class":65},[47,92724,69],{"class":61},[47,92726,6234],{"class":65},[47,92728,2788],{"class":61},[47,92730,92731,92733,92735,92737,92739,92741,92743,92745,92747,92749,92751,92753,92755],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,92732,167],{"class":166},[47,92734,170],{"class":61},[47,92736,7969],{"class":118},[47,92738,170],{"class":61},[47,92740,1205],{"class":166},[47,92742,170],{"class":61},[47,92744,960],{"class":65},[47,92746,69],{"class":61},[47,92748,3706],{"class":65},[47,92750,69],{"class":61},[47,92752,2098],{"class":57},[47,92754,1931],{"class":65},[47,92756,2788],{"class":61},[47,92758,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771,92773],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,92760,167],{"class":166},[47,92762,170],{"class":61},[47,92764,499],{"class":118},[47,92766,170],{"class":61},[47,92768,1205],{"class":166},[47,92770,170],{"class":61},[47,92772,104],{"class":65},[47,92774,2788],{"class":61},[14,92776,25885],{},[291,92778,92779,92782,92785],{},[294,92780,92781],{},"what values are being created",[294,92783,92784],{},"whether the direction is correct",[294,92786,92787,92788,24493],{},"whether you are working with a ",[44,92789,1205],{},[32,92791,1708],{"id":1707},[773,92793,12584,92795,92797],{"id":92794},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[44,92796,36079],{}," include the last number?",[14,92799,92800],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[773,92802,5032,92804,92806,92807,2368],{"id":92803},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[44,92805,90733],{}," start at ",[44,92808,1237],{},[14,92810,92811,92812,30],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[44,92813,1237],{},[773,92815,5044,92817,92819],{"id":92816},"can-range-count-backward",[44,92818,36079],{}," count backward?",[14,92821,92822,92823,30],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[44,92824,92825],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[773,92827,14782,92829,25920],{"id":92828},"is-range-a-list",[44,92830,36079],{},[14,92832,25923,92833,92835,92836,23814],{},[44,92834,1205],{}," object. Use ",[44,92837,92838],{},"list(range(...))",[773,92840,5032,92842,48568],{"id":92841},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[44,92843,92844],{},"range(input())",[14,92846,92847,3356,92849,30],{},[44,92848,2833],{},[44,92850,92851],{},"int(input())",[32,92853,1758],{"id":1757},[291,92855,92856,92860,92866,92872,92878],{},[294,92857,92858],{},[21,92859,35911],{"href":35910},[294,92861,92862],{},[21,92863,3448,92864,3381],{"href":42239},[44,92865,42242],{},[294,92867,92868],{},[21,92869,3448,92870,3381],{"href":91902},[44,92871,35631],{},[294,92873,92874],{},[21,92875,37400,92876,36490],{"href":36486},[44,92877,35631],{},[294,92879,92880],{},[21,92881,50407,92882],{"href":50406},[44,92883,50410],{},[1796,92885,92886],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":92888},[92889,92890,92892,92898,92906,92913,92915,92927,92928,92940],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":90742,"depth":83,"text":92891},"What range() does",{"id":90835,"depth":83,"text":92893,"children":92894},"range() syntax",[92895,92896,92897],{"id":90915,"depth":94,"text":90918},{"id":90979,"depth":94,"text":90982},{"id":91047,"depth":94,"text":91050},{"id":91118,"depth":83,"text":91119,"children":92899},[92900,92901,92902,92903,92904],{"id":91125,"depth":94,"text":90733},{"id":91188,"depth":94,"text":91191},{"id":91252,"depth":94,"text":91255},{"id":91328,"depth":94,"text":91329},{"id":76692,"depth":94,"text":92905},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91487,"depth":83,"text":92907,"children":92908},"Using range() in a for loop",[92909,92910,92911],{"id":91589,"depth":94,"text":91590},{"id":91634,"depth":94,"text":91635},{"id":91714,"depth":94,"text":92912},"range() and indexing",{"id":91989,"depth":83,"text":92914},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":92916},[92917,92918,92920,92921,92923,92925],{"id":92172,"depth":94,"text":92173},{"id":92268,"depth":94,"text":92919},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92334,"depth":94,"text":92335},{"id":92469,"depth":94,"text":92922},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92526,"depth":94,"text":92924},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92560,"depth":94,"text":92926},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92664,"depth":83,"text":92665},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":92929},[92930,92932,92934,92936,92938],{"id":92794,"depth":94,"text":92931},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92803,"depth":94,"text":92933},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92816,"depth":94,"text":92935},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92828,"depth":94,"text":92937},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92841,"depth":94,"text":92939},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90636,"description":92941},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92948,"title":92949,"body":92950,"description":94623,"extension":1837,"meta":94624,"navigation":159,"path":94625,"seo":94626,"stem":94627,"__hash__":94628},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92951,"toc":94596},[92952,92961,92968,92985,93001,93003,93052,93060,93064,93067,93087,93089,93153,93155,93198,93201,93247,93249,93282,93292,93298,93306,93323,93325,93356,93358,93383,93388,93399,93402,93472,93474,93505,93510,93515,93532,93534,93585,93587,93620,93623,93630,93635,93639,93655,93657,93701,93703,93749,93752,93765,93770,93774,93788,93790,93841,93843,93876,93881,93883,93890,93892,93915,93917,93982,93984,94001,94004,94037,94039,94067,94077,94084,94088,94091,94109,94112,94140,94143,94161,94166,94172,94175,94197,94199,94227,94229,94232,94257,94260,94373,94375,94454,94456,94462,94467,94475,94483,94487,94490,94492,94525,94527,94535,94541,94548,94555,94558,94560,94593],[10,92953,3448,92955,10461,92957,92960],{"id":92954},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[44,92956,36079],{},[44,92958,92959],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,92962,92963,4267,92965,92967],{},[44,92964,36079],{},[44,92966,92959],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[291,92969,92970,92978],{},[294,92971,92972,92974,92975],{},[44,92973,36079],{}," creates a ",[575,92976,92977],{},"range object",[294,92979,92980,92974,92982],{},[44,92981,92959],{},[575,92983,92984],{},"real list",[14,92986,92987,92988,92990,92991,92994,92995,92997,92998,93000],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[44,92989,90733],{}," to behave exactly like ",[44,92992,92993],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[44,92996,36079],{}," for looping, and only use ",[44,92999,92959],{}," when you actually need a list.",[32,93002,3482],{"id":3481},[37,93004,93006],{"className":39,"code":93005,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,93007,93008,93022,93035],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93009,93010,93012,93014,93016,93018,93020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93011,54],{"class":53},[47,93013,58],{"class":57},[47,93015,53955],{"class":166},[47,93017,170],{"class":61},[47,93019,104],{"class":65},[47,93021,80],{"class":61},[47,93023,93024,93026,93028,93030,93032],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93025,167],{"class":166},[47,93027,170],{"class":61},[47,93029,174],{"class":173},[47,93031,3533],{"class":61},[47,93033,93034],{"class":1494},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[47,93036,93037,93039,93041,93043,93045,93047,93049],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93038,167],{"class":166},[47,93040,170],{"class":61},[47,93042,7969],{"class":118},[47,93044,170],{"class":61},[47,93046,174],{"class":173},[47,93048,5235],{"class":61},[47,93050,93051],{"class":1494},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93053,1967,93054,93056,93057,93059],{},[44,93055,36079],{}," for looping. Use ",[44,93058,92959],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[32,93061,93063],{"id":93062},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93065,93066],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[291,93068,93069,93076,93081,93084],{},[294,93070,93071,21851,93073,93075],{},[44,93072,36079],{},[575,93074,92977],{},", not a list",[294,93077,93078,93080],{},[44,93079,92959],{}," converts that range object into a list",[294,93082,93083],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[294,93085,93086],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93088,2083],{},[37,93090,93092],{"className":39,"code":93091,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[44,93093,93094,93109,93128,93132,93142],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93095,93096,93099,93101,93103,93105,93107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93097,93098],{"class":53},"r ",[47,93100,58],{"class":57},[47,93102,53955],{"class":166},[47,93104,170],{"class":61},[47,93106,104],{"class":65},[47,93108,80],{"class":61},[47,93110,93111,93114,93116,93118,93120,93122,93124,93126],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93112,93113],{"class":53},"lst ",[47,93115,58],{"class":57},[47,93117,22436],{"class":118},[47,93119,170],{"class":61},[47,93121,1205],{"class":166},[47,93123,170],{"class":61},[47,93125,104],{"class":65},[47,93127,506],{"class":61},[47,93129,93130],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93131,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,93133,93134,93136,93138,93140],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93135,167],{"class":166},[47,93137,170],{"class":61},[47,93139,60386],{"class":173},[47,93141,80],{"class":61},[47,93143,93144,93146,93148,93151],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,93145,167],{"class":166},[47,93147,170],{"class":61},[47,93149,93150],{"class":173},"lst",[47,93152,80],{"class":61},[14,93154,215],{},[37,93156,93158],{"className":39,"code":93157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,93159,93160,93174],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93161,93162,93164,93166,93168,93170,93172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93163,1205],{"class":166},[47,93165,170],{"class":61},[47,93167,1237],{"class":65},[47,93169,69],{"class":61},[47,93171,4480],{"class":65},[47,93173,80],{"class":61},[47,93175,93176,93178,93180,93182,93184,93186,93188,93190,93192,93194,93196],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93177,3773],{"class":61},[47,93179,1237],{"class":65},[47,93181,69],{"class":61},[47,93183,1242],{"class":65},[47,93185,69],{"class":61},[47,93187,72],{"class":65},[47,93189,69],{"class":61},[47,93191,77],{"class":65},[47,93193,69],{"class":61},[47,93195,2333],{"class":65},[47,93197,1402],{"class":61},[14,93199,93200],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[37,93202,93204],{"className":39,"code":93203,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[44,93205,93206,93224],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93207,93208,93210,93212,93214,93216,93218,93220,93222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93209,167],{"class":166},[47,93211,170],{"class":61},[47,93213,499],{"class":118},[47,93215,170],{"class":61},[47,93217,1205],{"class":166},[47,93219,170],{"class":61},[47,93221,104],{"class":65},[47,93223,2788],{"class":61},[47,93225,93226,93228,93230,93232,93234,93236,93238,93240,93242,93244],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93227,167],{"class":166},[47,93229,170],{"class":61},[47,93231,499],{"class":118},[47,93233,170],{"class":61},[47,93235,7969],{"class":118},[47,93237,170],{"class":61},[47,93239,1205],{"class":166},[47,93241,170],{"class":61},[47,93243,104],{"class":65},[47,93245,93246],{"class":61},"))))\n",[14,93248,215],{},[37,93250,93252],{"className":39,"code":93251,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[44,93253,93254,93268],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93255,93256,93258,93260,93262,93264,93266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93257,522],{"class":57},[47,93259,526],{"class":525},[47,93261,265],{"class":125},[47,93263,1205],{"class":129},[47,93265,256],{"class":125},[47,93267,536],{"class":57},[47,93269,93270,93272,93274,93276,93278,93280],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93271,522],{"class":57},[47,93273,526],{"class":525},[47,93275,265],{"class":125},[47,93277,7969],{"class":129},[47,93279,256],{"class":125},[47,93281,536],{"class":57},[14,93283,93284,93285,93287,93288,30],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[44,93286,36079],{}," works, see ",[21,93289,3448,93290,3381],{"href":92943},[44,93291,36079],{},[32,93293,3550,93295,93297],{"id":93294},"what-range-gives-you",[44,93296,36079],{}," gives you",[14,93299,93300,93302,93303,93305],{},[44,93301,36079],{}," is most often used in ",[44,93304,5832],{}," loops.",[291,93307,93308,93311,93314,93317],{},[294,93309,93310],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[294,93312,93313],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[294,93315,93316],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[294,93318,93319,93320],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[44,93321,93322],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93324,2083],{},[37,93326,93328],{"className":39,"code":93327,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[44,93329,93330,93346],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93331,93332,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93333,5832],{"class":3749},[47,93335,69427],{"class":53},[47,93337,3756],{"class":3749},[47,93339,53955],{"class":166},[47,93341,170],{"class":61},[47,93343,104],{"class":65},[47,93345,8218],{"class":61},[47,93347,93348,93350,93352,93354],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93349,7944],{"class":166},[47,93351,170],{"class":61},[47,93353,36035],{"class":173},[47,93355,80],{"class":61},[14,93357,215],{},[37,93359,93361],{"className":39,"code":93360,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[44,93362,93363,93367,93371,93375,93379],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93364,93365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93366,47135],{"class":65},[47,93368,93369],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93370,46800],{"class":65},[47,93372,93373],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93374,16933],{"class":65},[47,93376,93377],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93378,46500],{"class":65},[47,93380,93381],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,93382,48534],{"class":65},[14,93384,20648,93385,93387],{},[44,93386,90733],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93389,93390,93391,93393,93394,30],{},"This is one reason ",[44,93392,36079],{}," is so common with ",[21,93395,3448,93397,90764],{"href":93396},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[44,93398,5832],{},[14,93400,93401],{},"You can also inspect it:",[37,93403,93405],{"className":39,"code":93404,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[44,93406,93407,93429,93433,93443,93457],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93408,93409,93411,93413,93415,93417,93419,93421,93423,93425,93427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93410,93098],{"class":53},[47,93412,58],{"class":57},[47,93414,53955],{"class":166},[47,93416,170],{"class":61},[47,93418,1931],{"class":65},[47,93420,69],{"class":61},[47,93422,5879],{"class":65},[47,93424,69],{"class":61},[47,93426,72],{"class":65},[47,93428,80],{"class":61},[47,93430,93431],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93432,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,93434,93435,93437,93439,93441],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93436,167],{"class":166},[47,93438,170],{"class":61},[47,93440,60386],{"class":173},[47,93442,80],{"class":61},[47,93444,93445,93447,93449,93451,93453,93455],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93446,167],{"class":166},[47,93448,170],{"class":61},[47,93450,1698],{"class":166},[47,93452,170],{"class":61},[47,93454,60386],{"class":173},[47,93456,506],{"class":61},[47,93458,93459,93461,93463,93465,93467,93470],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,93460,167],{"class":166},[47,93462,170],{"class":61},[47,93464,80473],{"class":65},[47,93466,21049],{"class":3749},[47,93468,93469],{"class":173}," r",[47,93471,80],{"class":61},[14,93473,215],{},[37,93475,93477],{"className":39,"code":93476,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[44,93478,93479,93497,93501],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93480,93481,93483,93485,93487,93489,93491,93493,93495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93482,1205],{"class":166},[47,93484,170],{"class":61},[47,93486,1931],{"class":65},[47,93488,69],{"class":61},[47,93490,5879],{"class":65},[47,93492,69],{"class":61},[47,93494,72],{"class":65},[47,93496,80],{"class":61},[47,93498,93499],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93500,48534],{"class":65},[47,93502,93503],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93504,3852],{"class":412},[32,93506,3550,93508,93297],{"id":93507},"what-listrange-gives-you",[44,93509,92959],{},[14,93511,93512,93514],{},[44,93513,92959],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[291,93516,93517,93520,93523,93526],{},[294,93518,93519],{},"It creates all values at once",[294,93521,93522],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[294,93524,93525],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[294,93527,93528,93529,93531],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[44,93530,36079],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93533,2083],{},[37,93535,93537],{"className":39,"code":93536,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[44,93538,93539,93557,93561,93571],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93540,93541,93543,93545,93547,93549,93551,93553,93555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93542,54],{"class":53},[47,93544,58],{"class":57},[47,93546,22436],{"class":118},[47,93548,170],{"class":61},[47,93550,1205],{"class":166},[47,93552,170],{"class":61},[47,93554,104],{"class":65},[47,93556,506],{"class":61},[47,93558,93559],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93560,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,93562,93563,93565,93567,93569],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93564,167],{"class":166},[47,93566,170],{"class":61},[47,93568,174],{"class":173},[47,93570,80],{"class":61},[47,93572,93573,93575,93577,93579,93581,93583],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93574,167],{"class":166},[47,93576,170],{"class":61},[47,93578,174],{"class":173},[47,93580,3773],{"class":61},[47,93582,1931],{"class":65},[47,93584,153],{"class":61},[14,93586,215],{},[37,93588,93590],{"className":39,"code":93589,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[44,93591,93592,93616],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93593,93594,93596,93598,93600,93602,93604,93606,93608,93610,93612,93614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93595,3773],{"class":61},[47,93597,1237],{"class":65},[47,93599,69],{"class":61},[47,93601,1242],{"class":65},[47,93603,69],{"class":61},[47,93605,72],{"class":65},[47,93607,69],{"class":61},[47,93609,77],{"class":65},[47,93611,69],{"class":61},[47,93613,2333],{"class":65},[47,93615,1402],{"class":61},[47,93617,93618],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93619,16933],{"class":65},[14,93621,93622],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93624,93625,93626,30],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[21,93627,3448,93628,3381],{"href":64726},[44,93629,24657],{},[32,93631,4836,93633],{"id":93632},"when-to-use-range",[44,93634,36079],{},[14,93636,1967,93637,10477],{},[44,93638,36079],{},[291,93640,93641,93646,93649,93652],{},[294,93642,93643,93644,91493],{},"You are writing a ",[44,93645,5832],{},[294,93647,93648],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[294,93650,93651],{},"You are working with large sequences",[294,93653,93654],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93656,2083],{},[37,93658,93660],{"className":39,"code":93659,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[44,93661,93662,93682],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93663,93664,93666,93668,93670,93672,93674,93676,93678,93680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93665,5832],{"class":3749},[47,93667,69427],{"class":53},[47,93669,3756],{"class":3749},[47,93671,53955],{"class":166},[47,93673,170],{"class":61},[47,93675,66],{"class":65},[47,93677,69],{"class":61},[47,93679,37525],{"class":65},[47,93681,8218],{"class":61},[47,93683,93684,93686,93688,93690,93693,93695,93697,93699],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93685,7944],{"class":166},[47,93687,170],{"class":61},[47,93689,126],{"class":125},[47,93691,93692],{"class":129},"Count:",[47,93694,126],{"class":125},[47,93696,69],{"class":61},[47,93698,36011],{"class":173},[47,93700,80],{"class":61},[14,93702,215],{},[37,93704,93706],{"className":39,"code":93705,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[44,93707,93708,93717,93725,93733,93741],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93709,93710,93713,93715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93711,93712],{"class":53},"Count",[47,93714,2760],{"class":61},[47,93716,29492],{"class":65},[47,93718,93719,93721,93723],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93720,93712],{"class":53},[47,93722,2760],{"class":61},[47,93724,45472],{"class":65},[47,93726,93727,93729,93731],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93728,93712],{"class":53},[47,93730,2760],{"class":61},[47,93732,2453],{"class":65},[47,93734,93735,93737,93739],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93736,93712],{"class":53},[47,93738,2760],{"class":61},[47,93740,23539],{"class":65},[47,93742,93743,93745,93747],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,93744,93712],{"class":53},[47,93746,2760],{"class":61},[47,93748,34723],{"class":65},[14,93750,93751],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93753,93754,93755,93757,93758,62169,93760,30],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[44,93756,35631],{}," is often a better choice than ",[44,93759,36480],{},[21,93761,36487,93763,36490],{"href":93762},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[44,93764,35631],{},[32,93766,4836,93768],{"id":93767},"when-to-use-listrange",[44,93769,92959],{},[14,93771,1967,93772,10477],{},[44,93773,92959],{},[291,93775,93776,93779,93782,93785],{},[294,93777,93778],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[294,93780,93781],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[294,93783,93784],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[294,93786,93787],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93789,2083],{},[37,93791,93793],{"className":39,"code":93792,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,93794,93795,93813,93827,93831],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93796,93797,93799,93801,93803,93805,93807,93809,93811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93798,54],{"class":53},[47,93800,58],{"class":57},[47,93802,22436],{"class":118},[47,93804,170],{"class":61},[47,93806,1205],{"class":166},[47,93808,170],{"class":61},[47,93810,104],{"class":65},[47,93812,506],{"class":61},[47,93814,93815,93817,93819,93821,93823,93825],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93816,174],{"class":53},[47,93818,30],{"class":61},[47,93820,13431],{"class":173},[47,93822,170],{"class":61},[47,93824,104],{"class":65},[47,93826,80],{"class":61},[47,93828,93829],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93830,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,93832,93833,93835,93837,93839],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93834,167],{"class":166},[47,93836,170],{"class":61},[47,93838,174],{"class":173},[47,93840,80],{"class":61},[14,93842,215],{},[37,93844,93846],{"className":39,"code":93845,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[44,93847,93848],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93849,93850,93852,93854,93856,93858,93860,93862,93864,93866,93868,93870,93872,93874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93851,3773],{"class":61},[47,93853,1237],{"class":65},[47,93855,69],{"class":61},[47,93857,1242],{"class":65},[47,93859,69],{"class":61},[47,93861,72],{"class":65},[47,93863,69],{"class":61},[47,93865,77],{"class":65},[47,93867,69],{"class":61},[47,93869,2333],{"class":65},[47,93871,69],{"class":61},[47,93873,4480],{"class":65},[47,93875,1402],{"class":61},[14,93877,5935,93878,93880],{},[44,93879,174],{}," is a list.",[32,93882,15474],{"id":15473},[14,93884,93885,93887,93888,30],{},[44,93886,36079],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[575,93889,37479],{},[14,93891,1982],{},[291,93893,93894,93896,93901,93906,93909],{},[294,93895,21861],{},[294,93897,93898,93899],{},"You can check its length with ",[44,93900,42242],{},[294,93902,93903,93904],{},"You can test membership with ",[44,93905,3756],{},[294,93907,93908],{},"You can index it",[294,93910,93911,93912,93914],{},"But list methods such as ",[44,93913,52537],{}," do not work on it",[14,93916,2083],{},[37,93918,93920],{"className":39,"code":93919,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[44,93921,93922,93936,93940,93954,93968],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93923,93924,93926,93928,93930,93932,93934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93925,93098],{"class":53},[47,93927,58],{"class":57},[47,93929,53955],{"class":166},[47,93931,170],{"class":61},[47,93933,104],{"class":65},[47,93935,80],{"class":61},[47,93937,93938],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93939,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,93941,93942,93944,93946,93948,93950,93952],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93943,167],{"class":166},[47,93945,170],{"class":61},[47,93947,60386],{"class":173},[47,93949,3773],{"class":61},[47,93951,1931],{"class":65},[47,93953,153],{"class":61},[47,93955,93956,93958,93960,93962,93964,93966],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93957,167],{"class":166},[47,93959,170],{"class":61},[47,93961,1698],{"class":166},[47,93963,170],{"class":61},[47,93965,60386],{"class":173},[47,93967,506],{"class":61},[47,93969,93970,93972,93974,93976,93978,93980],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,93971,167],{"class":166},[47,93973,170],{"class":61},[47,93975,1937],{"class":65},[47,93977,21049],{"class":3749},[47,93979,93469],{"class":173},[47,93981,80],{"class":61},[14,93983,215],{},[37,93985,93987],{"className":39,"code":93986,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[44,93988,93989,93993,93997],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,93990,93991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93992,16933],{"class":65},[47,93994,93995],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93996,633],{"class":65},[47,93998,93999],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94000,3852],{"class":412},[14,94002,94003],{},"Now compare that with this:",[37,94005,94007],{"className":39,"code":94006,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[44,94008,94009,94023],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94010,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019,94021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94012,93098],{"class":53},[47,94014,58],{"class":57},[47,94016,53955],{"class":166},[47,94018,170],{"class":61},[47,94020,104],{"class":65},[47,94022,80],{"class":61},[47,94024,94025,94027,94029,94031,94033,94035],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94026,60386],{"class":53},[47,94028,30],{"class":61},[47,94030,13431],{"class":173},[47,94032,170],{"class":61},[47,94034,104],{"class":65},[47,94036,80],{"class":61},[14,94038,215],{},[37,94040,94042],{"className":39,"code":94041,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[44,94043,94044],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94045,94046,94048,94050,94052,94054,94056,94058,94061,94063,94065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94047,25548],{"class":118},[47,94049,2760],{"class":61},[47,94051,265],{"class":125},[47,94053,1205],{"class":129},[47,94055,256],{"class":125},[47,94057,24493],{"class":118},[47,94059,94060],{"class":53}," has no attribute ",[47,94062,256],{"class":125},[47,94064,13431],{"class":129},[47,94066,29577],{"class":125},[14,94068,94069,94070,2064,94072,2068,94074,94076],{},"If you need methods like ",[44,94071,52537],{},[44,94073,55414],{},[44,94075,64191],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94078,94079,94080,30],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[21,94081,25556,94082],{"href":35301},[44,94083,34135],{},[32,94085,94087],{"id":94086},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94089,94090],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[37,94092,94093],{"className":39,"code":92569,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,94094,94095],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94096,94097,94099,94101,94103,94105,94107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94098,167],{"class":166},[47,94100,170],{"class":61},[47,94102,1205],{"class":166},[47,94104,170],{"class":61},[47,94106,104],{"class":65},[47,94108,506],{"class":61},[14,94110,94111],{},"to show:",[37,94113,94114],{"className":39,"code":59902,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,94115,94116],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94117,94118,94120,94122,94124,94126,94128,94130,94132,94134,94136,94138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94119,3773],{"class":61},[47,94121,1237],{"class":65},[47,94123,69],{"class":61},[47,94125,1242],{"class":65},[47,94127,69],{"class":61},[47,94129,72],{"class":65},[47,94131,69],{"class":61},[47,94133,77],{"class":65},[47,94135,69],{"class":61},[47,94137,2333],{"class":65},[47,94139,1402],{"class":61},[14,94141,94142],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[37,94144,94145],{"className":39,"code":92590,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,94146,94147],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94148,94149,94151,94153,94155,94157,94159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94150,1205],{"class":166},[47,94152,170],{"class":61},[47,94154,1237],{"class":65},[47,94156,69],{"class":61},[47,94158,4480],{"class":65},[47,94160,80],{"class":61},[14,94162,4503,94163,94165],{},[575,94164,577],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94167,94168,94169,94171],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[575,94170,92977],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94173,94174],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[37,94176,94177],{"className":39,"code":90926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,94178,94179],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94180,94181,94183,94185,94187,94189,94191,94193,94195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94182,167],{"class":166},[47,94184,170],{"class":61},[47,94186,7969],{"class":118},[47,94188,170],{"class":61},[47,94190,1205],{"class":166},[47,94192,170],{"class":61},[47,94194,104],{"class":65},[47,94196,2788],{"class":61},[14,94198,215],{},[37,94200,94201],{"className":39,"code":59902,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,94202,94203],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94204,94205,94207,94209,94211,94213,94215,94217,94219,94221,94223,94225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94206,3773],{"class":61},[47,94208,1237],{"class":65},[47,94210,69],{"class":61},[47,94212,1242],{"class":65},[47,94214,69],{"class":61},[47,94216,72],{"class":65},[47,94218,69],{"class":61},[47,94220,77],{"class":65},[47,94222,69],{"class":61},[47,94224,2333],{"class":65},[47,94226,1402],{"class":61},[32,94228,1284],{"id":1283},[14,94230,94231],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[291,94233,94234,94240,94243,94249],{},[294,94235,8294,94236,94239],{},[44,94237,94238],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[294,94241,94242],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[294,94244,94245,94246,94248],{},"Not realizing that ",[44,94247,36079],{}," is iterable but not a list",[294,94250,8294,94251,94253,94254,94256],{},[44,94252,92959],{}," when plain ",[44,94255,36079],{}," would be simpler",[14,94258,94259],{},"These quick checks can help:",[37,94261,94263],{"className":39,"code":94262,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[44,94264,94265,94279,94297,94315,94337,94355],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94266,94267,94269,94271,94273,94275,94277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94268,167],{"class":166},[47,94270,170],{"class":61},[47,94272,1205],{"class":166},[47,94274,170],{"class":61},[47,94276,104],{"class":65},[47,94278,506],{"class":61},[47,94280,94281,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293,94295],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94282,167],{"class":166},[47,94284,170],{"class":61},[47,94286,7969],{"class":118},[47,94288,170],{"class":61},[47,94290,1205],{"class":166},[47,94292,170],{"class":61},[47,94294,104],{"class":65},[47,94296,2788],{"class":61},[47,94298,94299,94301,94303,94305,94307,94309,94311,94313],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94300,167],{"class":166},[47,94302,170],{"class":61},[47,94304,499],{"class":118},[47,94306,170],{"class":61},[47,94308,1205],{"class":166},[47,94310,170],{"class":61},[47,94312,104],{"class":65},[47,94314,2788],{"class":61},[47,94316,94317,94319,94321,94323,94325,94327,94329,94331,94333,94335],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,94318,167],{"class":166},[47,94320,170],{"class":61},[47,94322,499],{"class":118},[47,94324,170],{"class":61},[47,94326,7969],{"class":118},[47,94328,170],{"class":61},[47,94330,1205],{"class":166},[47,94332,170],{"class":61},[47,94334,104],{"class":65},[47,94336,93246],{"class":61},[47,94338,94339,94341,94343,94345,94347,94349,94351,94353],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,94340,167],{"class":166},[47,94342,170],{"class":61},[47,94344,1937],{"class":65},[47,94346,21049],{"class":3749},[47,94348,53955],{"class":166},[47,94350,170],{"class":61},[47,94352,104],{"class":65},[47,94354,506],{"class":61},[47,94356,94357,94359,94361,94363,94365,94367,94369,94371],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,94358,167],{"class":166},[47,94360,170],{"class":61},[47,94362,1698],{"class":166},[47,94364,170],{"class":61},[47,94366,1205],{"class":166},[47,94368,170],{"class":61},[47,94370,104],{"class":65},[47,94372,2788],{"class":61},[14,94374,215],{},[37,94376,94378],{"className":39,"code":94377,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[44,94379,94380,94394,94418,94432,94446,94450],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94381,94382,94384,94386,94388,94390,94392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94383,1205],{"class":166},[47,94385,170],{"class":61},[47,94387,1237],{"class":65},[47,94389,69],{"class":61},[47,94391,4480],{"class":65},[47,94393,80],{"class":61},[47,94395,94396,94398,94400,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412,94414,94416],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94397,3773],{"class":61},[47,94399,1237],{"class":65},[47,94401,69],{"class":61},[47,94403,1242],{"class":65},[47,94405,69],{"class":61},[47,94407,72],{"class":65},[47,94409,69],{"class":61},[47,94411,77],{"class":65},[47,94413,69],{"class":61},[47,94415,2333],{"class":65},[47,94417,1402],{"class":61},[47,94419,94420,94422,94424,94426,94428,94430],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94421,522],{"class":57},[47,94423,526],{"class":525},[47,94425,265],{"class":125},[47,94427,1205],{"class":129},[47,94429,256],{"class":125},[47,94431,536],{"class":57},[47,94433,94434,94436,94438,94440,94442,94444],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,94435,522],{"class":57},[47,94437,526],{"class":525},[47,94439,265],{"class":125},[47,94441,7969],{"class":129},[47,94443,256],{"class":125},[47,94445,536],{"class":57},[47,94447,94448],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,94449,3852],{"class":412},[47,94451,94452],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,94453,633],{"class":65},[32,94455,1708],{"id":1707},[773,94457,14782,94459,94461],{"id":94458},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[44,94460,36079],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94463,46248,94464,94466],{},[44,94465,36079],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[773,94468,94470,94471,10969,94473,2368],{"id":94469},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[44,94472,36079],{},[44,94474,92959],{},[14,94476,94477,94479,94480,94482],{},[44,94478,36079],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[44,94481,92959],{}," creates a full list.",[773,94484,94486],{"id":94485},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94488,94489],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94491,2083],{},[37,94493,94495],{"className":39,"code":94494,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[44,94496,94497,94511],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94498,94499,94501,94503,94505,94507,94509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94500,93098],{"class":53},[47,94502,58],{"class":57},[47,94504,53955],{"class":166},[47,94506,170],{"class":61},[47,94508,104],{"class":65},[47,94510,80],{"class":61},[47,94512,94513,94515,94517,94519,94521,94523],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94514,167],{"class":166},[47,94516,170],{"class":61},[47,94518,60386],{"class":173},[47,94520,3773],{"class":61},[47,94522,66],{"class":65},[47,94524,153],{"class":61},[14,94526,215],{},[37,94528,94529],{"className":39,"code":46800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,94530,94531],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94532,94533],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94534,46800],{"class":65},[773,94536,5032,94538,94540],{"id":94537},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[44,94539,94238],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94542,94543,94544,94547],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[44,94545,94546],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[773,94549,94551,94552,94554],{"id":94550},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[44,94553,36079],{}," to a list?",[14,94556,94557],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[32,94559,1758],{"id":1757},[291,94561,94562,94568,94574,94581,94587],{},[294,94563,94564],{},[21,94565,3448,94566,3381],{"href":92943},[44,94567,36079],{},[294,94569,94570],{},[21,94571,3448,94572,3381],{"href":64726},[44,94573,24657],{},[294,94575,94576],{},[21,94577,3448,94578,94580],{"href":93396},[44,94579,5832],{}," loops explained",[294,94582,94583],{},[21,94584,37400,94585,36490],{"href":93762},[44,94586,35631],{},[294,94588,94589],{},[21,94590,25999,94591],{"href":35301},[44,94592,34135],{},[1796,94594,94595],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":94597},[94598,94599,94600,94602,94604,94606,94608,94609,94610,94611,94622],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":93062,"depth":83,"text":93063},{"id":93294,"depth":83,"text":94601},"What range() gives you",{"id":93507,"depth":83,"text":94603},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93632,"depth":83,"text":94605},"When to use range()",{"id":93767,"depth":83,"text":94607},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15473,"depth":83,"text":15474},{"id":94086,"depth":83,"text":94087},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":94612},[94613,94615,94617,94618,94620],{"id":94458,"depth":94,"text":94614},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94469,"depth":94,"text":94616},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94485,"depth":94,"text":94486},{"id":94537,"depth":94,"text":94619},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94550,"depth":94,"text":94621},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92949,"description":94623},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94630,"title":94631,"body":94632,"description":96068,"extension":1837,"meta":96069,"navigation":159,"path":96070,"seo":96071,"stem":96072,"__hash__":96073},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94633,"toc":96034},[94634,94640,94645,94648,94662,94665,94667,94706,94708,94721,94729,94734,94750,94753,94755,94757,94778,94795,94798,94857,94859,94878,94883,94889,94892,94926,94928,94941,94944,94989,94991,95014,95021,95027,95030,95071,95073,95087,95090,95148,95150,95165,95178,95184,95190,95255,95257,95276,95278,95296,95299,95303,95309,95311,95344,95346,95359,95369,95372,95433,95435,95456,95459,95461,95477,95482,95486,95491,95496,95552,95554,95572,95575,95620,95622,95630,95635,95639,95653,95655,95687,95689,95698,95700,95704,95713,95716,95748,95750,95762,95765,95769,95774,95815,95817,95825,95828,95851,95855,95857,95866,95869,95922,95924,95933,95937,95942,95953,95955,95964,95967,95973,95976,95982,95992,96000,96007,96009,96031],[10,94635,3448,94637,3452],{"id":94636},"python-round-function-explained",[44,94638,94639],{},"round()",[14,94641,9001,94642,94644],{},[44,94643,94639],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94646,94647],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[291,94649,94650,94656],{},[294,94651,94652,94655],{},[44,94653,94654],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[294,94657,94658,94661],{},[44,94659,94660],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94663,94664],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[32,94666,35],{"id":34},[37,94668,94670],{"className":39,"code":94669,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[44,94671,94672,94688],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94673,94674,94676,94678,94681,94683,94686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94675,167],{"class":166},[47,94677,170],{"class":61},[47,94679,94680],{"class":166},"round",[47,94682,170],{"class":61},[47,94684,94685],{"class":65},"3.14159",[47,94687,506],{"class":61},[47,94689,94690,94692,94694,94696,94698,94700,94702,94704],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94691,167],{"class":166},[47,94693,170],{"class":61},[47,94695,94680],{"class":166},[47,94697,170],{"class":61},[47,94699,94685],{"class":65},[47,94701,69],{"class":61},[47,94703,72],{"class":65},[47,94705,506],{"class":61},[14,94707,215],{},[37,94709,94711],{"className":39,"code":94710,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3\n3.14\n",[44,94712,94713,94717],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94714,94715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94716,46500],{"class":65},[47,94718,94719],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94720,40058],{"class":65},[14,94722,1967,94723,94725,94726,94728],{},[44,94724,94654],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[44,94727,94660],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[32,94730,3550,94732,3553],{"id":94731},"what-round-does",[44,94733,94639],{},[291,94735,94736,94741,94744,94747],{},[294,94737,94738,94740],{},[44,94739,94639],{}," is a built-in Python function",[294,94742,94743],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[294,94745,94746],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[294,94748,94749],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94751,94752],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[32,94754,2032],{"id":2031},[14,94756,2035],{},[37,94758,94760],{"className":39,"code":94759,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[44,94761,94762],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94763,94764,94766,94768,94770,94773,94776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94765,94680],{"class":166},[47,94767,170],{"class":61},[47,94769,2116],{"class":173},[47,94771,94772],{"class":61},"[,",[47,94774,94775],{"class":173}," ndigits",[47,94777,153],{"class":61},[291,94779,94780,94785,94790],{},[294,94781,94782,94784],{},[44,94783,2116],{}," is the value to round",[294,94786,94787,19916],{},[44,94788,94789],{},"ndigits",[294,94791,94792,94794],{},[44,94793,94789],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94796,94797],{},"Basic examples:",[37,94799,94801],{"className":39,"code":94800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[44,94802,94803,94818,94836],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94804,94805,94807,94809,94811,94813,94816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94806,167],{"class":166},[47,94808,170],{"class":61},[47,94810,94680],{"class":166},[47,94812,170],{"class":61},[47,94814,94815],{"class":65},"7.8",[47,94817,506],{"class":61},[47,94819,94820,94822,94824,94826,94828,94830,94832,94834],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94821,167],{"class":166},[47,94823,170],{"class":61},[47,94825,94680],{"class":166},[47,94827,170],{"class":61},[47,94829,94815],{"class":65},[47,94831,69],{"class":61},[47,94833,1242],{"class":65},[47,94835,506],{"class":61},[47,94837,94838,94840,94842,94844,94846,94849,94851,94853,94855],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94839,167],{"class":166},[47,94841,170],{"class":61},[47,94843,94680],{"class":166},[47,94845,170],{"class":61},[47,94847,94848],{"class":65},"1234",[47,94850,69],{"class":61},[47,94852,2098],{"class":57},[47,94854,1931],{"class":65},[47,94856,506],{"class":61},[14,94858,215],{},[37,94860,94862],{"className":39,"code":94861,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[44,94863,94864,94868,94873],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94865,94866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94867,2258],{"class":65},[47,94869,94870],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94871,94872],{"class":65},"7.8\n",[47,94874,94875],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94876,94877],{"class":65},"1200\n",[14,94879,94880,94881,30],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[21,94882,2297],{"href":2296},[32,94884,8294,94886,94888],{"id":94885},"using-round-with-one-argument",[44,94887,94639],{}," with one argument",[14,94890,94891],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[37,94893,94895],{"className":39,"code":94894,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[44,94896,94897,94911],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94898,94899,94901,94903,94905,94907,94909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94900,167],{"class":166},[47,94902,170],{"class":61},[47,94904,94680],{"class":166},[47,94906,170],{"class":61},[47,94908,2239],{"class":65},[47,94910,506],{"class":61},[47,94912,94913,94915,94917,94919,94921,94924],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94914,167],{"class":166},[47,94916,170],{"class":61},[47,94918,94680],{"class":166},[47,94920,170],{"class":61},[47,94922,94923],{"class":65},"4.8",[47,94925,506],{"class":61},[14,94927,215],{},[37,94929,94931],{"className":39,"code":94930,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"4\n5\n",[44,94932,94933,94937],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94934,94935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94936,48534],{"class":65},[47,94938,94939],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94940,633],{"class":65},[14,94942,94943],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[37,94945,94947],{"className":39,"code":94946,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[44,94948,94949,94965,94975],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94950,94951,94953,94955,94958,94960,94963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94952,2106],{"class":53},[47,94954,58],{"class":57},[47,94956,94957],{"class":166}," round",[47,94959,170],{"class":61},[47,94961,94962],{"class":65},"10.2",[47,94964,80],{"class":61},[47,94966,94967,94969,94971,94973],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94968,167],{"class":166},[47,94970,170],{"class":61},[47,94972,2141],{"class":173},[47,94974,80],{"class":61},[47,94976,94977,94979,94981,94983,94985,94987],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94978,167],{"class":166},[47,94980,170],{"class":61},[47,94982,499],{"class":118},[47,94984,170],{"class":61},[47,94986,2141],{"class":173},[47,94988,506],{"class":61},[14,94990,215],{},[37,94992,94994],{"className":39,"code":94993,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[44,94995,94996,95000],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,94997,94998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94999,2253],{"class":65},[47,95001,95002,95004,95006,95008,95010,95012],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95003,522],{"class":57},[47,95005,526],{"class":525},[47,95007,265],{"class":125},[47,95009,644],{"class":129},[47,95011,256],{"class":125},[47,95013,536],{"class":57},[14,95015,95016,95017,30],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[21,95018,3448,95019,3381],{"href":2750},[44,95020,2753],{},[32,95022,8294,95024,95026],{"id":95023},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[44,95025,94639],{}," with decimal places",[14,95028,95029],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[37,95031,95033],{"className":39,"code":95032,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[44,95034,95035,95053],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95036,95037,95039,95041,95043,95045,95047,95049,95051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95038,167],{"class":166},[47,95040,170],{"class":61},[47,95042,94680],{"class":166},[47,95044,170],{"class":61},[47,95046,94685],{"class":65},[47,95048,69],{"class":61},[47,95050,72],{"class":65},[47,95052,506],{"class":61},[47,95054,95055,95057,95059,95061,95063,95065,95067,95069],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95056,167],{"class":166},[47,95058,170],{"class":61},[47,95060,94680],{"class":166},[47,95062,170],{"class":61},[47,95064,94685],{"class":65},[47,95066,69],{"class":61},[47,95068,77],{"class":65},[47,95070,506],{"class":61},[14,95072,215],{},[37,95074,95076],{"className":39,"code":95075,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3.14\n3.142\n",[44,95077,95078,95082],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95079,95080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95081,40058],{"class":65},[47,95083,95084],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95085,95086],{"class":65},"3.142\n",[14,95088,95089],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[37,95091,95093],{"className":39,"code":95092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[44,95094,95095,95104,95123,95127,95137],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95096,95097,95099,95101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95098,40268],{"class":53},[47,95100,58],{"class":57},[47,95102,95103],{"class":65}," 19.9876\n",[47,95105,95106,95109,95111,95113,95115,95117,95119,95121],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95107,95108],{"class":53},"rounded_price ",[47,95110,58],{"class":57},[47,95112,94957],{"class":166},[47,95114,170],{"class":61},[47,95116,25026],{"class":173},[47,95118,69],{"class":61},[47,95120,72],{"class":65},[47,95122,80],{"class":61},[47,95124,95125],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95126,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,95128,95129,95131,95133,95135],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95130,167],{"class":166},[47,95132,170],{"class":61},[47,95134,25026],{"class":173},[47,95136,80],{"class":61},[47,95138,95139,95141,95143,95146],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,95140,167],{"class":166},[47,95142,170],{"class":61},[47,95144,95145],{"class":173},"rounded_price",[47,95147,80],{"class":61},[14,95149,215],{},[37,95151,95153],{"className":39,"code":95152,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[44,95154,95155,95160],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95156,95157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95158,95159],{"class":65},"19.9876\n",[47,95161,95162],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95163,95164],{"class":65},"19.99\n",[14,95166,95167,95168,95171,95172,25,95174,30],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[44,95169,95170],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[21,95173,40773],{"href":40772},[21,95175,3448,95176,3381],{"href":2756},[44,95177,2759],{},[32,95179,95181,95182],{"id":95180},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[44,95183,94789],{},[14,95185,95186,95187,95189],{},"A negative ",[44,95188,94789],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[37,95191,95193],{"className":39,"code":95192,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[44,95194,95195,95215,95235],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95196,95197,95199,95201,95203,95205,95207,95209,95211,95213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95198,167],{"class":166},[47,95200,170],{"class":61},[47,95202,94680],{"class":166},[47,95204,170],{"class":61},[47,95206,94848],{"class":65},[47,95208,69],{"class":61},[47,95210,2098],{"class":57},[47,95212,66],{"class":65},[47,95214,506],{"class":61},[47,95216,95217,95219,95221,95223,95225,95227,95229,95231,95233],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95218,167],{"class":166},[47,95220,170],{"class":61},[47,95222,94680],{"class":166},[47,95224,170],{"class":61},[47,95226,94848],{"class":65},[47,95228,69],{"class":61},[47,95230,2098],{"class":57},[47,95232,1931],{"class":65},[47,95234,506],{"class":61},[47,95236,95237,95239,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249,95251,95253],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95238,167],{"class":166},[47,95240,170],{"class":61},[47,95242,94680],{"class":166},[47,95244,170],{"class":61},[47,95246,94848],{"class":65},[47,95248,69],{"class":61},[47,95250,2098],{"class":57},[47,95252,1937],{"class":65},[47,95254,506],{"class":61},[14,95256,215],{},[37,95258,95260],{"className":39,"code":95259,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[44,95261,95262,95267,95271],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95263,95264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95265,95266],{"class":65},"1230\n",[47,95268,95269],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95270,94877],{"class":65},[47,95272,95273],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95274,95275],{"class":65},"1000\n",[14,95277,65463],{},[291,95279,95280,95285,95291],{},[294,95281,95282,95284],{},[44,95283,65733],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[294,95286,95287,95290],{},[44,95288,95289],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[294,95292,95293,95295],{},[44,95294,47554],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95297,95298],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[32,95300,95302],{"id":95301},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95304,95305,95306,30],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[44,95307,95308],{},".5",[14,95310,5346],{},[37,95312,95314],{"className":39,"code":95313,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[44,95315,95316,95330],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95317,95318,95320,95322,95324,95326,95328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95319,167],{"class":166},[47,95321,170],{"class":61},[47,95323,94680],{"class":166},[47,95325,170],{"class":61},[47,95327,41040],{"class":65},[47,95329,506],{"class":61},[47,95331,95332,95334,95336,95338,95340,95342],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95333,167],{"class":166},[47,95335,170],{"class":61},[47,95337,94680],{"class":166},[47,95339,170],{"class":61},[47,95341,1914],{"class":65},[47,95343,506],{"class":61},[14,95345,215],{},[37,95347,95349],{"className":39,"code":95348,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"2\n4\n",[44,95350,95351,95355],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95352,95353],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95354,16933],{"class":65},[47,95356,95357],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95358,48534],{"class":65},[14,95360,95361,95362,95365,95366,95368],{},"Python uses ",[575,95363,95364],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[44,95367,95308],{}," situations.",[14,95370,95371],{},"More examples:",[37,95373,95375],{"className":39,"code":95374,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[44,95376,95377,95391,95405,95419],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95378,95379,95381,95383,95385,95387,95389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95380,167],{"class":166},[47,95382,170],{"class":61},[47,95384,94680],{"class":166},[47,95386,170],{"class":61},[47,95388,41053],{"class":65},[47,95390,506],{"class":61},[47,95392,95393,95395,95397,95399,95401,95403],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95394,167],{"class":166},[47,95396,170],{"class":61},[47,95398,94680],{"class":166},[47,95400,170],{"class":61},[47,95402,41040],{"class":65},[47,95404,506],{"class":61},[47,95406,95407,95409,95411,95413,95415,95417],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95408,167],{"class":166},[47,95410,170],{"class":61},[47,95412,94680],{"class":166},[47,95414,170],{"class":61},[47,95416,1914],{"class":65},[47,95418,506],{"class":61},[47,95420,95421,95423,95425,95427,95429,95431],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95422,167],{"class":166},[47,95424,170],{"class":61},[47,95426,94680],{"class":166},[47,95428,170],{"class":61},[47,95430,41005],{"class":65},[47,95432,506],{"class":61},[14,95434,215],{},[37,95436,95438],{"className":39,"code":95437,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[44,95439,95440,95444,95448,95452],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95441,95442],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95443,16933],{"class":65},[47,95445,95446],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95447,16933],{"class":65},[47,95449,95450],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95451,48534],{"class":65},[47,95453,95454],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95455,48534],{"class":65},[14,95457,95458],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95460,10589],{},[291,95462,95463,95470],{},[294,95464,95465,2008,95468],{},[44,95466,95467],{},"round(2.5)",[44,95469,1931],{},[294,95471,95472,2008,95475],{},[44,95473,95474],{},"round(3.5)",[44,95476,1210],{},[14,95478,3044,95479,95481],{},[44,95480,95308],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[32,95483,95485],{"id":95484},"return-values","Return values",[14,95487,95488,95490],{},[44,95489,94639],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95492,40787,95493,95495],{},[575,95494,577],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[37,95497,95499],{"className":39,"code":95498,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[44,95500,95501,95510,95514,95524,95542],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95502,95503,95505,95507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95504,588],{"class":53},[47,95506,58],{"class":57},[47,95508,95509],{"class":65}," 3.14159\n",[47,95511,95512],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95513,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,95515,95516,95518,95520,95522],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95517,167],{"class":166},[47,95519,170],{"class":61},[47,95521,605],{"class":173},[47,95523,80],{"class":61},[47,95525,95526,95528,95530,95532,95534,95536,95538,95540],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95527,167],{"class":166},[47,95529,170],{"class":61},[47,95531,94680],{"class":166},[47,95533,170],{"class":61},[47,95535,605],{"class":173},[47,95537,69],{"class":61},[47,95539,72],{"class":65},[47,95541,506],{"class":61},[47,95543,95544,95546,95548,95550],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,95545,167],{"class":166},[47,95547,170],{"class":61},[47,95549,605],{"class":173},[47,95551,80],{"class":61},[14,95553,215],{},[37,95555,95557],{"className":39,"code":95556,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[44,95558,95559,95564,95568],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95560,95561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95562,95563],{"class":65},"3.14159\n",[47,95565,95566],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95567,40058],{"class":65},[47,95569,95570],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95571,95563],{"class":65},[14,95573,95574],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[37,95576,95578],{"className":39,"code":95577,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[44,95579,95580,95588,95606,95610],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95581,95582,95584,95586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95583,588],{"class":53},[47,95585,58],{"class":57},[47,95587,95509],{"class":65},[47,95589,95590,95592,95594,95596,95598,95600,95602,95604],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95591,588],{"class":53},[47,95593,58],{"class":57},[47,95595,94957],{"class":166},[47,95597,170],{"class":61},[47,95599,605],{"class":173},[47,95601,69],{"class":61},[47,95603,72],{"class":65},[47,95605,80],{"class":61},[47,95607,95608],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95609,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,95611,95612,95614,95616,95618],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95613,167],{"class":166},[47,95615,170],{"class":61},[47,95617,605],{"class":173},[47,95619,80],{"class":61},[14,95621,215],{},[37,95623,95624],{"className":39,"code":40058,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,95625,95626],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95627,95628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95629,40058],{"class":65},[32,95631,4836,95633],{"id":95632},"when-to-use-round",[44,95634,94639],{},[14,95636,1967,95637,6192],{},[44,95638,94639],{},[291,95640,95641,95644,95647,95650],{},[294,95642,95643],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[294,95645,95646],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[294,95648,95649],{},"Round values before reporting results",[294,95651,95652],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95654,5346],{},[37,95656,95658],{"className":39,"code":95657,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[44,95659,95660,95669],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95661,95662,95664,95666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95663,2472],{"class":53},[47,95665,58],{"class":57},[47,95667,95668],{"class":65}," 12.67891\n",[47,95670,95671,95673,95675,95677,95679,95681,95683,95685],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95672,167],{"class":166},[47,95674,170],{"class":61},[47,95676,94680],{"class":166},[47,95678,170],{"class":61},[47,95680,2495],{"class":173},[47,95682,69],{"class":61},[47,95684,72],{"class":65},[47,95686,506],{"class":61},[14,95688,215],{},[37,95690,95692],{"className":39,"code":95691,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"12.68\n",[44,95693,95694],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95695,95696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95697,95691],{"class":65},[32,95699,1284],{"id":1283},[14,95701,22971,95702,30],{},[44,95703,94639],{},[773,95705,8330,95707,95709,95710,95712],{"id":95706},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[44,95708,94639],{}," to always round ",[44,95711,95308],{}," upward",[14,95714,95715],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[37,95717,95718],{"className":39,"code":95313,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,95719,95720,95734],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95721,95722,95724,95726,95728,95730,95732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95723,167],{"class":166},[47,95725,170],{"class":61},[47,95727,94680],{"class":166},[47,95729,170],{"class":61},[47,95731,41040],{"class":65},[47,95733,506],{"class":61},[47,95735,95736,95738,95740,95742,95744,95746],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95737,167],{"class":166},[47,95739,170],{"class":61},[47,95741,94680],{"class":166},[47,95743,170],{"class":61},[47,95745,1914],{"class":65},[47,95747,506],{"class":61},[14,95749,215],{},[37,95751,95752],{"className":39,"code":95348,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,95753,95754,95758],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95755,95756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95757,16933],{"class":65},[47,95759,95760],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95761,48534],{"class":65},[14,95763,95764],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[773,95766,95768],{"id":95767},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95770,95771,95773],{},[44,95772,94639],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[37,95775,95777],{"className":39,"code":95776,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[44,95778,95779,95787,95801,95805],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95780,95781,95783,95785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95782,588],{"class":53},[47,95784,58],{"class":57},[47,95786,95509],{"class":65},[47,95788,95789,95791,95793,95795,95797,95799],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95790,94680],{"class":166},[47,95792,170],{"class":61},[47,95794,605],{"class":173},[47,95796,69],{"class":61},[47,95798,72],{"class":65},[47,95800,80],{"class":61},[47,95802,95803],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95804,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,95806,95807,95809,95811,95813],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95808,167],{"class":166},[47,95810,170],{"class":61},[47,95812,605],{"class":173},[47,95814,80],{"class":61},[14,95816,215],{},[37,95818,95819],{"className":39,"code":95563,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,95820,95821],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95822,95823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95824,95563],{"class":65},[14,95826,95827],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[37,95829,95831],{"className":39,"code":95830,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[44,95832,95833],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95834,95835,95837,95839,95841,95843,95845,95847,95849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95836,588],{"class":53},[47,95838,58],{"class":57},[47,95840,94957],{"class":166},[47,95842,170],{"class":61},[47,95844,605],{"class":173},[47,95846,69],{"class":61},[47,95848,72],{"class":65},[47,95850,80],{"class":61},[773,95852,95854],{"id":95853},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95856,16279],{},[37,95858,95860],{"className":39,"code":95859,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[44,95861,95862],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95863,95864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95865,95859],{"class":1494},[14,95867,95868],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[37,95870,95872],{"className":39,"code":95871,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[44,95873,95874,95886,95900,95904],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95875,95876,95878,95880,95882,95884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95877,34568],{"class":53},[47,95879,58],{"class":57},[47,95881,136],{"class":125},[47,95883,40024],{"class":129},[47,95885,3230],{"class":125},[47,95887,95888,95890,95892,95894,95896,95898],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95889,2093],{"class":53},[47,95891,58],{"class":57},[47,95893,40136],{"class":118},[47,95895,170],{"class":61},[47,95897,34589],{"class":173},[47,95899,80],{"class":61},[47,95901,95902],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95903,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,95905,95906,95908,95910,95912,95914,95916,95918,95920],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95907,167],{"class":166},[47,95909,170],{"class":61},[47,95911,94680],{"class":166},[47,95913,170],{"class":61},[47,95915,2116],{"class":173},[47,95917,69],{"class":61},[47,95919,1242],{"class":65},[47,95921,506],{"class":61},[14,95923,215],{},[37,95925,95927],{"className":39,"code":95926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3.1\n",[44,95928,95929],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,95930,95931],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95932,95926],{"class":65},[773,95934,95936],{"id":95935},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,95938,95939,95941],{},[44,95940,94639],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,95943,95944,95945,25,95949,30],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[21,95946,95947],{"href":2756},[44,95948,2759],{},[21,95950,95951],{"href":2750},[44,95952,2753],{},[32,95954,1708],{"id":1707},[773,95956,12584,95958,95960,95961,95963],{"id":95957},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[44,95959,94639],{}," always round ",[44,95962,40095],{}," up?",[14,95965,95966],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[773,95968,12584,95970,95972],{"id":95969},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[44,95971,94639],{}," change the original number?",[14,95974,95975],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[773,95977,5044,95979,95981],{"id":95978},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[44,95980,94639],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,95983,95984,95985,95987,95988,25,95990,30],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[44,95986,94789],{}," value like ",[44,95989,65733],{},[44,95991,95289],{},[773,95993,28206,95995,95997,95998,2368],{"id":95994},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[44,95996,94639],{}," on a string like ",[44,95999,47978],{},[14,96001,96002,96003,25,96005,30],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[44,96004,2759],{},[44,96006,2753],{},[32,96008,1758],{"id":1757},[291,96010,96011,96017,96023,96027],{},[294,96012,96013],{},[21,96014,3448,96015,3381],{"href":2756},[44,96016,2759],{},[294,96018,96019],{},[21,96020,3448,96021,3381],{"href":2750},[44,96022,2753],{},[294,96024,96025],{},[21,96026,2297],{"href":2296},[294,96028,96029],{},[21,96030,42062],{"href":40772},[1796,96032,96033],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":96035},[96036,96037,96039,96040,96042,96044,96046,96047,96048,96050,96057,96067],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":94731,"depth":83,"text":96038},"What round() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":94885,"depth":83,"text":96041},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95023,"depth":83,"text":96043},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95180,"depth":83,"text":96045},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95301,"depth":83,"text":95302},{"id":95484,"depth":83,"text":95485},{"id":95632,"depth":83,"text":96049},"When to use round()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":96051},[96052,96054,96055,96056],{"id":95706,"depth":94,"text":96053},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95767,"depth":94,"text":95768},{"id":95853,"depth":94,"text":95854},{"id":95935,"depth":94,"text":95936},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":96058},[96059,96061,96063,96065],{"id":95957,"depth":94,"text":96060},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95969,"depth":94,"text":96062},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95978,"depth":94,"text":96064},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95994,"depth":94,"text":96066},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94631,"description":96068},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96075,"title":96076,"body":96077,"description":97262,"extension":1837,"meta":97263,"navigation":159,"path":97264,"seo":97265,"stem":97266,"__hash__":97267},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96078,"toc":97236},[96079,96086,96092,96095,96097,96146,96150,96175,96180,96185,96190,96204,96215,96217,96236,96238,96254,96257,96268,96270,96272,96333,96337,96370,96377,96384,96387,96420,96423,96427,96430,96483,96487,96508,96514,96521,96528,96589,96597,96674,96678,96690,96699,96701,96707,96713,96717,96770,96773,96831,96835,96843,96846,96850,96853,96863,96865,96962,96965,96976,96979,97022,97026,97050,97053,97059,97061,97065,97090,97092,97159,97168,97170,97176,97181,97185,97188,97192,97199,97203,97208,97210,97227,97233],[10,96080,96082,96083,11199],{"id":96081},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[44,96084,96085],{},"add()",[14,96087,96088,96091],{},[44,96089,96090],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96093,96094],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[32,96096,35],{"id":34},[37,96098,96100],{"className":39,"code":96099,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,96101,96102,96122,96136],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96103,96104,96106,96108,96110,96112,96114,96116,96118,96120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96105,54],{"class":53},[47,96107,58],{"class":57},[47,96109,10366],{"class":61},[47,96111,66],{"class":65},[47,96113,69],{"class":61},[47,96115,72],{"class":65},[47,96117,69],{"class":61},[47,96119,77],{"class":65},[47,96121,9184],{"class":61},[47,96123,96124,96126,96128,96130,96132,96134],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96125,174],{"class":53},[47,96127,30],{"class":61},[47,96129,81985],{"class":173},[47,96131,170],{"class":61},[47,96133,1210],{"class":65},[47,96135,80],{"class":61},[47,96137,96138,96140,96142,96144],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96139,167],{"class":166},[47,96141,170],{"class":61},[47,96143,174],{"class":173},[47,96145,80],{"class":61},[14,96147,96148],{},[575,96149,215],{},[37,96151,96153],{"className":39,"code":96152,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[44,96154,96155],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96156,96157,96159,96161,96163,96165,96167,96169,96171,96173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96158,9153],{"class":61},[47,96160,66],{"class":65},[47,96162,69],{"class":61},[47,96164,72],{"class":65},[47,96166,69],{"class":61},[47,96168,77],{"class":65},[47,96170,69],{"class":61},[47,96172,2333],{"class":65},[47,96174,9184],{"class":61},[14,96176,1967,96177,96179],{},[44,96178,96085],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[32,96181,3550,96183,3553],{"id":96182},"what-setadd-does",[44,96184,96090],{},[14,96186,96187,96189],{},[44,96188,96090],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[291,96191,96192,96195,96198,96201],{},[294,96193,96194],{},"Adds one item to a set",[294,96196,96197],{},"Changes the original set in place",[294,96199,96200],{},"Does not return a new set",[294,96202,96203],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96205,96206,96207,25,96211,30],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[21,96208,96210],{"href":96209},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[21,96212,96214],{"href":96213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[32,96216,2032],{"id":2031},[37,96218,96220],{"className":39,"code":96219,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.add(item)\n",[44,96221,96222],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96223,96224,96226,96228,96230,96232,96234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96225,15544],{"class":53},[47,96227,30],{"class":61},[47,96229,81985],{"class":173},[47,96231,170],{"class":61},[47,96233,1329],{"class":173},[47,96235,80],{"class":61},[14,96237,11336],{},[291,96239,96240,96245,96248],{},[294,96241,55794,96242,96244],{},[44,96243,96085],{}," on an existing set",[294,96246,96247],{},"Pass exactly one item",[294,96249,96250,96251],{},"The item must be ",[575,96252,96253],{},"hashable",[14,96255,96256],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[291,96258,96259,96261,96263,96266],{},[294,96260,775],{},[294,96262,813],{},[294,96264,96265],{},"Tuples",[294,96267,40476],{},[32,96269,11353],{"id":11352},[14,96271,11356],{},[37,96273,96275],{"className":39,"code":96274,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[44,96276,96277,96301,96319,96323],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96278,96279,96281,96283,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96280,823],{"class":53},[47,96282,58],{"class":57},[47,96284,10366],{"class":61},[47,96286,126],{"class":125},[47,96288,832],{"class":129},[47,96290,126],{"class":125},[47,96292,69],{"class":61},[47,96294,136],{"class":125},[47,96296,850],{"class":129},[47,96298,126],{"class":125},[47,96300,9184],{"class":61},[47,96302,96303,96305,96307,96309,96311,96313,96315,96317],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96304,863],{"class":53},[47,96306,30],{"class":61},[47,96308,81985],{"class":173},[47,96310,170],{"class":61},[47,96312,126],{"class":125},[47,96314,841],{"class":129},[47,96316,126],{"class":125},[47,96318,80],{"class":61},[47,96320,96321],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96322,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,96324,96325,96327,96329,96331],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96326,167],{"class":166},[47,96328,170],{"class":61},[47,96330,863],{"class":173},[47,96332,80],{"class":61},[14,96334,96335],{},[575,96336,29907],{},[37,96338,96340],{"className":39,"code":96339,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[44,96341,96342],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96343,96344,96346,96348,96350,96352,96354,96356,96358,96360,96362,96364,96366,96368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96345,9153],{"class":61},[47,96347,256],{"class":125},[47,96349,832],{"class":129},[47,96351,256],{"class":125},[47,96353,69],{"class":61},[47,96355,265],{"class":125},[47,96357,841],{"class":129},[47,96359,256],{"class":125},[47,96361,69],{"class":61},[47,96363,265],{"class":125},[47,96365,850],{"class":129},[47,96367,256],{"class":125},[47,96369,9184],{"class":61},[14,96371,96372,96373,96376],{},"The new value ",[44,96374,96375],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96378,96379,96380,96383],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[575,96381,96382],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96385,96386],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[37,96388,96390],{"className":39,"code":96389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[44,96391,96392],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96393,96394,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404,96406,96408,96410,96412,96414,96416,96418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96395,9153],{"class":61},[47,96397,256],{"class":125},[47,96399,850],{"class":129},[47,96401,256],{"class":125},[47,96403,69],{"class":61},[47,96405,265],{"class":125},[47,96407,832],{"class":129},[47,96409,256],{"class":125},[47,96411,69],{"class":61},[47,96413,265],{"class":125},[47,96415,841],{"class":129},[47,96417,256],{"class":125},[47,96419,9184],{"class":61},[14,96421,96422],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[32,96424,96426],{"id":96425},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96428,96429],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[37,96431,96433],{"className":39,"code":96432,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,96434,96435,96455,96469,96473],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96436,96437,96439,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451,96453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96438,54],{"class":53},[47,96440,58],{"class":57},[47,96442,10366],{"class":61},[47,96444,66],{"class":65},[47,96446,69],{"class":61},[47,96448,72],{"class":65},[47,96450,69],{"class":61},[47,96452,77],{"class":65},[47,96454,9184],{"class":61},[47,96456,96457,96459,96461,96463,96465,96467],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96458,174],{"class":53},[47,96460,30],{"class":61},[47,96462,81985],{"class":173},[47,96464,170],{"class":61},[47,96466,1931],{"class":65},[47,96468,80],{"class":61},[47,96470,96471],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96472,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,96474,96475,96477,96479,96481],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96476,167],{"class":166},[47,96478,170],{"class":61},[47,96480,174],{"class":173},[47,96482,80],{"class":61},[14,96484,96485],{},[575,96486,215],{},[37,96488,96490],{"className":39,"code":96489,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[44,96491,96492],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96493,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96495,9153],{"class":61},[47,96497,66],{"class":65},[47,96499,69],{"class":61},[47,96501,72],{"class":65},[47,96503,69],{"class":61},[47,96505,77],{"class":65},[47,96507,9184],{"class":61},[14,96509,96510,96511,96513],{},"The set stays the same because ",[44,96512,1931],{}," was already present.",[32,96515,96517,10461,96519],{"id":96516},"add-vs-update",[44,96518,96085],{},[44,96520,14833],{},[14,96522,1967,96523,96525,96526,30],{},[44,96524,96085],{}," when you want to add ",[575,96527,52541],{},[37,96529,96531],{"className":39,"code":96530,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[44,96532,96533,96557,96575,96579],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96534,96535,96537,96539,96541,96543,96545,96547,96549,96551,96553,96555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96536,1118],{"class":53},[47,96538,58],{"class":57},[47,96540,10366],{"class":61},[47,96542,126],{"class":125},[47,96544,21],{"class":129},[47,96546,126],{"class":125},[47,96548,69],{"class":61},[47,96550,136],{"class":125},[47,96552,139],{"class":129},[47,96554,126],{"class":125},[47,96556,9184],{"class":61},[47,96558,96559,96561,96563,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96560,1142],{"class":53},[47,96562,30],{"class":61},[47,96564,81985],{"class":173},[47,96566,170],{"class":61},[47,96568,126],{"class":125},[47,96570,148],{"class":129},[47,96572,126],{"class":125},[47,96574,80],{"class":61},[47,96576,96577],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96578,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,96580,96581,96583,96585,96587],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96582,167],{"class":166},[47,96584,170],{"class":61},[47,96586,1142],{"class":173},[47,96588,80],{"class":61},[14,96590,1967,96591,96525,96593,96596],{},[44,96592,14833],{},[575,96594,96595],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[37,96598,96600],{"className":39,"code":96599,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[44,96601,96602,96626,96660,96664],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96603,96604,96606,96608,96610,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96605,1118],{"class":53},[47,96607,58],{"class":57},[47,96609,10366],{"class":61},[47,96611,126],{"class":125},[47,96613,21],{"class":129},[47,96615,126],{"class":125},[47,96617,69],{"class":61},[47,96619,136],{"class":125},[47,96621,139],{"class":129},[47,96623,126],{"class":125},[47,96625,9184],{"class":61},[47,96627,96628,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652,96654,96656,96658],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96629,1142],{"class":53},[47,96631,30],{"class":61},[47,96633,30342],{"class":173},[47,96635,122],{"class":61},[47,96637,126],{"class":125},[47,96639,148],{"class":129},[47,96641,126],{"class":125},[47,96643,69],{"class":61},[47,96645,136],{"class":125},[47,96647,18644],{"class":129},[47,96649,126],{"class":125},[47,96651,69],{"class":61},[47,96653,136],{"class":125},[47,96655,60328],{"class":129},[47,96657,126],{"class":125},[47,96659,153],{"class":61},[47,96661,96662],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96663,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,96665,96666,96668,96670,96672],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96667,167],{"class":166},[47,96669,170],{"class":61},[47,96671,1142],{"class":173},[47,96673,80],{"class":61},[773,96675,96677],{"id":96676},"key-difference","Key difference",[291,96679,96680,96685],{},[294,96681,96682,96684],{},[44,96683,96085],{}," adds one item",[294,96686,96687,96689],{},[44,96688,14833],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96691,96692,96693,30],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[21,96694,96696,96697,10617],{"href":96695},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[44,96698,14833],{},[32,96700,17296],{"id":17295},[14,96702,96703,2274,96705,30],{},[44,96704,96090],{},[44,96706,3652],{},[14,96708,96709,96710,96712],{},"That means you should ",[575,96711,577],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[773,96714,96716],{"id":96715},"correct","Correct",[37,96718,96720],{"className":39,"code":96719,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[44,96721,96722,96742,96756,96760],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96723,96724,96726,96728,96730,96732,96734,96736,96738,96740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96725,15506],{"class":53},[47,96727,58],{"class":57},[47,96729,10366],{"class":61},[47,96731,66],{"class":65},[47,96733,69],{"class":61},[47,96735,72],{"class":65},[47,96737,69],{"class":61},[47,96739,77],{"class":65},[47,96741,9184],{"class":61},[47,96743,96744,96746,96748,96750,96752,96754],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96745,15544],{"class":53},[47,96747,30],{"class":61},[47,96749,81985],{"class":173},[47,96751,170],{"class":61},[47,96753,1210],{"class":65},[47,96755,80],{"class":61},[47,96757,96758],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96759,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,96761,96762,96764,96766,96768],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96763,167],{"class":166},[47,96765,170],{"class":61},[47,96767,15544],{"class":173},[47,96769,80],{"class":61},[773,96771,96772],{"id":61650},"Wrong",[37,96774,96776],{"className":39,"code":96775,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[44,96777,96778,96798,96817,96821],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96779,96780,96782,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792,96794,96796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96781,15506],{"class":53},[47,96783,58],{"class":57},[47,96785,10366],{"class":61},[47,96787,66],{"class":65},[47,96789,69],{"class":61},[47,96791,72],{"class":65},[47,96793,69],{"class":61},[47,96795,77],{"class":65},[47,96797,9184],{"class":61},[47,96799,96800,96802,96804,96807,96809,96811,96813,96815],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96801,15506],{"class":53},[47,96803,58],{"class":57},[47,96805,96806],{"class":53}," my_set",[47,96808,30],{"class":61},[47,96810,81985],{"class":173},[47,96812,170],{"class":61},[47,96814,1210],{"class":65},[47,96816,80],{"class":61},[47,96818,96819],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96820,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,96822,96823,96825,96827,96829],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96824,167],{"class":166},[47,96826,170],{"class":61},[47,96828,15544],{"class":173},[47,96830,80],{"class":61},[14,96832,96833],{},[575,96834,215],{},[37,96836,96837],{"className":39,"code":11687,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,96838,96839],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96840,96841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96842,11687],{"class":412},[14,96844,96845],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[32,96847,96849],{"id":96848},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96851,96852],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[291,96854,96855,96857,96859,96861],{},[294,96856,775],{},[294,96858,813],{},[294,96860,96265],{},[294,96862,40476],{},[14,96864,2083],{},[37,96866,96868],{"className":39,"code":96867,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[44,96869,96870,96880,96884,96898,96916,96934,96948,96952],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96871,96872,96874,96876,96878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96873,7654],{"class":53},[47,96875,58],{"class":57},[47,96877,15511],{"class":118},[47,96879,241],{"class":61},[47,96881,96882],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96883,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,96885,96886,96888,96890,96892,96894,96896],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96887,7684],{"class":53},[47,96889,30],{"class":61},[47,96891,81985],{"class":173},[47,96893,170],{"class":61},[47,96895,960],{"class":65},[47,96897,80],{"class":61},[47,96899,96900,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912,96914],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96901,7684],{"class":53},[47,96903,30],{"class":61},[47,96905,81985],{"class":173},[47,96907,170],{"class":61},[47,96909,126],{"class":125},[47,96911,3718],{"class":129},[47,96913,126],{"class":125},[47,96915,80],{"class":61},[47,96917,96918,96920,96922,96924,96926,96928,96930,96932],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,96919,7684],{"class":53},[47,96921,30],{"class":61},[47,96923,81985],{"class":173},[47,96925,5384],{"class":61},[47,96927,66],{"class":65},[47,96929,69],{"class":61},[47,96931,72],{"class":65},[47,96933,506],{"class":61},[47,96935,96936,96938,96940,96942,96944,96946],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,96937,7684],{"class":53},[47,96939,30],{"class":61},[47,96941,81985],{"class":173},[47,96943,170],{"class":61},[47,96945,3477],{"class":412},[47,96947,80],{"class":61},[47,96949,96950],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,96951,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,96953,96954,96956,96958,96960],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,96955,167],{"class":166},[47,96957,170],{"class":61},[47,96959,7684],{"class":173},[47,96961,80],{"class":61},[14,96963,96964],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[291,96966,96967,96970,96973],{},[294,96968,96969],{},"Lists",[294,96971,96972],{},"Dictionaries",[294,96974,96975],{},"Sets",[14,96977,96978],{},"Example that causes an error:",[37,96980,96982],{"className":39,"code":96981,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[44,96983,96984,97004],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,96985,96986,96988,96990,96992,96994,96996,96998,97000,97002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96987,7654],{"class":53},[47,96989,58],{"class":57},[47,96991,10366],{"class":61},[47,96993,66],{"class":65},[47,96995,69],{"class":61},[47,96997,72],{"class":65},[47,96999,69],{"class":61},[47,97001,77],{"class":65},[47,97003,9184],{"class":61},[47,97005,97006,97008,97010,97012,97014,97016,97018,97020],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97007,7684],{"class":53},[47,97009,30],{"class":61},[47,97011,81985],{"class":173},[47,97013,122],{"class":61},[47,97015,1210],{"class":65},[47,97017,69],{"class":61},[47,97019,4480],{"class":65},[47,97021,153],{"class":61},[14,97023,97024],{},[575,97025,29558],{},[37,97027,97029],{"className":39,"code":97028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[44,97030,97031],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97032,97033,97035,97037,97040,97042,97044,97046,97048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97034,2879],{"class":118},[47,97036,2760],{"class":61},[47,97038,97039],{"class":53}," unhashable ",[47,97041,499],{"class":118},[47,97043,2760],{"class":61},[47,97045,265],{"class":125},[47,97047,7969],{"class":129},[47,97049,29577],{"class":125},[14,97051,97052],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97054,97055,97056,30],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[44,97057,97058],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[32,97060,1284],{"id":1283},[14,97062,14612,97063,2760],{},[44,97064,96090],{},[291,97066,97067,97072,97077,97080,97087],{},[294,97068,8294,97069,97071],{},[44,97070,96085],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[294,97073,8330,97074,97076],{},[44,97075,96085],{}," to return the updated set",[294,97078,97079],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[294,97081,1502,97082,97084,97085],{},[44,97083,96090],{}," with list ",[44,97086,52537],{},[294,97088,97089],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97091,71385],{},[37,97093,97095],{"className":39,"code":97094,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[44,97096,97097,97107,97121,97131,97145],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97098,97099,97101,97103,97105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97100,167],{"class":166},[47,97102,170],{"class":61},[47,97104,15544],{"class":173},[47,97106,80],{"class":61},[47,97108,97109,97111,97113,97115,97117,97119],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97110,167],{"class":166},[47,97112,170],{"class":61},[47,97114,499],{"class":118},[47,97116,170],{"class":61},[47,97118,15544],{"class":173},[47,97120,506],{"class":61},[47,97122,97123,97125,97127,97129],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97124,167],{"class":166},[47,97126,170],{"class":61},[47,97128,605],{"class":173},[47,97130,80],{"class":61},[47,97132,97133,97135,97137,97139,97141,97143],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,97134,167],{"class":166},[47,97136,170],{"class":61},[47,97138,499],{"class":118},[47,97140,170],{"class":61},[47,97142,605],{"class":173},[47,97144,506],{"class":61},[47,97146,97147,97149,97151,97153,97155,97157],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,97148,32031],{"class":166},[47,97150,170],{"class":61},[47,97152,6161],{"class":118},[47,97154,30],{"class":61},[47,97156,81985],{"class":24626},[47,97158,80],{"class":61},[14,97160,97161,97162,97164,97165,30],{},"Also remember that ",[44,97163,96090],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[21,97166,52934],{"href":97167},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[32,97169,1708],{"id":1707},[773,97171,12584,97173,97175],{"id":97172},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[44,97174,96090],{}," return a new set?",[14,97177,97178,97179,30],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[44,97180,3652],{},[773,97182,97184],{"id":97183},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97186,97187],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[773,97189,97191],{"id":97190},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97193,1967,97194,10969,97197,30],{},[44,97195,97196],{},"set.update()",[44,97198,96085],{},[773,97200,97202],{"id":97201},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97204,97205,97206,30],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[44,97207,2879],{},[32,97209,1758],{"id":1757},[291,97211,97212,97216,97221],{},[294,97213,97214],{},[21,97215,96210],{"href":96209},[294,97217,97218],{},[21,97219,97220],{"href":96213},"How to create a set in Python",[294,97222,97223],{},[21,97224,96696,97225,10617],{"href":96695},[44,97226,14833],{},[14,97228,97229,97230,97232],{},"Once you understand ",[44,97231,96085],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1796,97234,97235],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":97237},[97238,97239,97241,97242,97243,97244,97248,97252,97253,97254,97261],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":96182,"depth":83,"text":97240},"What set.add() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":96425,"depth":83,"text":96426},{"id":96516,"depth":83,"text":97245,"children":97246},"add() vs update()",[97247],{"id":96676,"depth":94,"text":96677},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296,"children":97249},[97250,97251],{"id":96715,"depth":94,"text":96716},{"id":61650,"depth":94,"text":96772},{"id":96848,"depth":83,"text":96849},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":97255},[97256,97258,97259,97260],{"id":97172,"depth":94,"text":97257},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97183,"depth":94,"text":97184},{"id":97190,"depth":94,"text":97191},{"id":97201,"depth":94,"text":97202},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96076,"description":97262},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97269,"title":97270,"body":97271,"description":98440,"extension":1837,"meta":98441,"navigation":159,"path":98442,"seo":98443,"stem":98444,"__hash__":98445},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97272,"toc":98407},[97273,97278,97284,97291,97336,97338,97349,97354,97359,97363,97377,97382,97384,97386,97401,97403,97417,97419,97421,97486,97488,97498,97500,97518,97524,97531,97536,97610,97612,97629,97635,97640,97711,97713,97740,97757,97760,97766,97768,97775,97779,97846,97848,97863,97866,97919,97921,97929,97941,97943,97947,97952,97954,98003,98005,98013,98015,98060,98062,98072,98078,98086,98099,98105,98107,98136,98138,98156,98160,98163,98194,98196,98214,98218,98293,98295,98311,98318,98320,98325,98330,98336,98339,98343,98351,98358,98366,98368,98404],[10,97274,96082,97276,11199],{"id":97275},"python-set-clear-method",[44,97277,11198],{},[14,97279,97280,97283],{},[44,97281,97282],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97285,97286,97287,97290],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[575,97288,97289],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[37,97292,97294],{"className":39,"code":97293,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,97295,97296,97316,97326],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97297,97298,97300,97302,97304,97306,97308,97310,97312,97314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97299,54],{"class":53},[47,97301,58],{"class":57},[47,97303,10366],{"class":61},[47,97305,66],{"class":65},[47,97307,69],{"class":61},[47,97309,72],{"class":65},[47,97311,69],{"class":61},[47,97313,77],{"class":65},[47,97315,9184],{"class":61},[47,97317,97318,97320,97322,97324],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97319,174],{"class":53},[47,97321,30],{"class":61},[47,97323,11260],{"class":173},[47,97325,241],{"class":61},[47,97327,97328,97330,97332,97334],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97329,167],{"class":166},[47,97331,170],{"class":61},[47,97333,174],{"class":173},[47,97335,80],{"class":61},[14,97337,215],{},[37,97339,97341],{"className":39,"code":97340,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set()\n",[44,97342,97343],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97344,97345,97347],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97346,6161],{"class":118},[47,97348,241],{"class":61},[14,97350,97351,97353],{},[44,97352,11198],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[32,97355,3550,97357,3553],{"id":97356},"what-setclear-does",[44,97358,97282],{},[14,97360,1854,97361,11290],{},[44,97362,11198],{},[291,97364,97365,97368,97370,97374],{},[294,97366,97367],{},"Removes every item from a set",[294,97369,96197],{},[294,97371,11301,97372],{},[44,97373,3652],{},[294,97375,97376],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97378,96206,97379,71484],{},[21,97380,96210],{"href":97381},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[32,97383,2032],{"id":2031},[14,97385,54332],{},[37,97387,97389],{"className":39,"code":97388,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.clear()\n",[44,97390,97391],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97392,97393,97395,97397,97399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97394,15544],{"class":53},[47,97396,30],{"class":61},[47,97398,11260],{"class":173},[47,97400,241],{"class":61},[14,97402,12932],{},[291,97404,97405,97408,97411,97414],{},[294,97406,97407],{},"It takes no arguments",[294,97409,97410],{},"It empties the set",[294,97412,97413],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[294,97415,97416],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[32,97418,11353],{"id":11352},[14,97420,11356],{},[37,97422,97424],{"className":39,"code":97423,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[44,97425,97426,97458,97462,97472,97476],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97427,97428,97430,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440,97442,97444,97446,97448,97450,97452,97454,97456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97429,823],{"class":53},[47,97431,58],{"class":57},[47,97433,10366],{"class":61},[47,97435,126],{"class":125},[47,97437,832],{"class":129},[47,97439,126],{"class":125},[47,97441,69],{"class":61},[47,97443,136],{"class":125},[47,97445,841],{"class":129},[47,97447,126],{"class":125},[47,97449,69],{"class":61},[47,97451,136],{"class":125},[47,97453,850],{"class":129},[47,97455,126],{"class":125},[47,97457,9184],{"class":61},[47,97459,97460],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97461,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,97463,97464,97466,97468,97470],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97465,863],{"class":53},[47,97467,30],{"class":61},[47,97469,11260],{"class":173},[47,97471,241],{"class":61},[47,97473,97474],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,97475,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,97477,97478,97480,97482,97484],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,97479,167],{"class":166},[47,97481,170],{"class":61},[47,97483,863],{"class":173},[47,97485,80],{"class":61},[14,97487,215],{},[37,97489,97490],{"className":39,"code":97340,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,97491,97492],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97493,97494,97496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97495,6161],{"class":118},[47,97497,241],{"class":61},[14,97499,11562],{},[291,97501,97502,97507,97512],{},[294,97503,97504,97506],{},[44,97505,863],{}," starts with three values",[294,97508,97509,11575],{},[44,97510,97511],{},"colors.clear()",[294,97513,97514,97515,97517],{},"Printing the set shows ",[44,97516,3670],{},", which means an empty set",[32,97519,97521,97523],{"id":97520},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[44,97522,11198],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97525,97526,4267,97528,97530],{},[44,97527,11198],{},[44,97529,3670],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[773,97532,8294,97534],{"id":97533},"using-clear",[44,97535,11198],{},[37,97537,97539],{"className":39,"code":97538,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[44,97540,97541,97561,97571,97575,97585,97589,97599],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97542,97543,97545,97547,97549,97551,97553,97555,97557,97559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97544,7654],{"class":53},[47,97546,58],{"class":57},[47,97548,10366],{"class":61},[47,97550,66],{"class":65},[47,97552,69],{"class":61},[47,97554,72],{"class":65},[47,97556,69],{"class":61},[47,97558,77],{"class":65},[47,97560,9184],{"class":61},[47,97562,97563,97566,97568],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97564,97565],{"class":53},"other_name ",[47,97567,58],{"class":57},[47,97569,97570],{"class":53}," items\n",[47,97572,97573],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97574,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,97576,97577,97579,97581,97583],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,97578,7684],{"class":53},[47,97580,30],{"class":61},[47,97582,11260],{"class":173},[47,97584,241],{"class":61},[47,97586,97587],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,97588,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,97590,97591,97593,97595,97597],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,97592,167],{"class":166},[47,97594,170],{"class":61},[47,97596,7684],{"class":173},[47,97598,80],{"class":61},[47,97600,97601,97603,97605,97608],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,97602,167],{"class":166},[47,97604,170],{"class":61},[47,97606,97607],{"class":173},"other_name",[47,97609,80],{"class":61},[14,97611,215],{},[37,97613,97615],{"className":39,"code":97614,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set()\nset()\n",[44,97616,97617,97623],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97618,97619,97621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97620,6161],{"class":118},[47,97622,241],{"class":61},[47,97624,97625,97627],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97626,6161],{"class":118},[47,97628,241],{"class":61},[14,97630,97631,97632,30],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[575,97633,97634],{},"same set object",[773,97636,8294,97638],{"id":97637},"using-set",[44,97639,3670],{},[37,97641,97643],{"className":39,"code":97642,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[44,97644,97645,97665,97673,97677,97687,97691,97701],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97646,97647,97649,97651,97653,97655,97657,97659,97661,97663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97648,7654],{"class":53},[47,97650,58],{"class":57},[47,97652,10366],{"class":61},[47,97654,66],{"class":65},[47,97656,69],{"class":61},[47,97658,72],{"class":65},[47,97660,69],{"class":61},[47,97662,77],{"class":65},[47,97664,9184],{"class":61},[47,97666,97667,97669,97671],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97668,97565],{"class":53},[47,97670,58],{"class":57},[47,97672,97570],{"class":53},[47,97674,97675],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97676,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,97678,97679,97681,97683,97685],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,97680,7654],{"class":53},[47,97682,58],{"class":57},[47,97684,15511],{"class":118},[47,97686,241],{"class":61},[47,97688,97689],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,97690,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,97692,97693,97695,97697,97699],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,97694,167],{"class":166},[47,97696,170],{"class":61},[47,97698,7684],{"class":173},[47,97700,80],{"class":61},[47,97702,97703,97705,97707,97709],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,97704,167],{"class":166},[47,97706,170],{"class":61},[47,97708,97607],{"class":173},[47,97710,80],{"class":61},[14,97712,215],{},[37,97714,97716],{"className":39,"code":97715,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[44,97717,97718,97724],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97719,97720,97722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97721,6161],{"class":118},[47,97723,241],{"class":61},[47,97725,97726,97728,97730,97732,97734,97736,97738],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97727,9153],{"class":61},[47,97729,66],{"class":65},[47,97731,69],{"class":61},[47,97733,72],{"class":65},[47,97735,69],{"class":61},[47,97737,77],{"class":65},[47,97739,9184],{"class":61},[14,97741,20648,97742,92974,97745,97748,97749,30,97751,97753,97754,97756],{},[44,97743,97744],{},"items = set()",[575,97746,97747],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[44,97750,7684],{},[9721,97752],{},"\nBut ",[44,97755,97607],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97758,97759],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97761,97762,97763,30],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[21,97764,96214],{"href":97765},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[32,97767,17296],{"id":17295},[14,97769,97770,13932,97772,97774],{},[44,97771,11198],{},[575,97773,577],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97776,1750,97777,30],{},[44,97778,3652],{},[37,97780,97782],{"className":39,"code":97781,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,97783,97784,97804,97808,97822,97826,97836],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97785,97786,97788,97790,97792,97794,97796,97798,97800,97802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97787,54],{"class":53},[47,97789,58],{"class":57},[47,97791,10366],{"class":61},[47,97793,66],{"class":65},[47,97795,69],{"class":61},[47,97797,72],{"class":65},[47,97799,69],{"class":61},[47,97801,77],{"class":65},[47,97803,9184],{"class":61},[47,97805,97806],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97807,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,97809,97810,97812,97814,97816,97818,97820],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97811,2106],{"class":53},[47,97813,58],{"class":57},[47,97815,4136],{"class":53},[47,97817,30],{"class":61},[47,97819,11260],{"class":173},[47,97821,241],{"class":61},[47,97823,97824],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,97825,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,97827,97828,97830,97832,97834],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,97829,167],{"class":166},[47,97831,170],{"class":61},[47,97833,2141],{"class":173},[47,97835,80],{"class":61},[47,97837,97838,97840,97842,97844],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,97839,167],{"class":166},[47,97841,170],{"class":61},[47,97843,174],{"class":173},[47,97845,80],{"class":61},[14,97847,215],{},[37,97849,97851],{"className":39,"code":97850,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\nset()\n",[44,97852,97853,97857],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97854,97855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97856,11687],{"class":412},[47,97858,97859,97861],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97860,6161],{"class":118},[47,97862,241],{"class":61},[14,97864,97865],{},"Do not do this:",[37,97867,97869],{"className":39,"code":97868,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,97870,97871,97891,97905,97909],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97872,97873,97875,97877,97879,97881,97883,97885,97887,97889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97874,54],{"class":53},[47,97876,58],{"class":57},[47,97878,10366],{"class":61},[47,97880,66],{"class":65},[47,97882,69],{"class":61},[47,97884,72],{"class":65},[47,97886,69],{"class":61},[47,97888,77],{"class":65},[47,97890,9184],{"class":61},[47,97892,97893,97895,97897,97899,97901,97903],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97894,54],{"class":53},[47,97896,58],{"class":57},[47,97898,4136],{"class":53},[47,97900,30],{"class":61},[47,97902,11260],{"class":173},[47,97904,241],{"class":61},[47,97906,97907],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97908,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,97910,97911,97913,97915,97917],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,97912,167],{"class":166},[47,97914,170],{"class":61},[47,97916,174],{"class":173},[47,97918,80],{"class":61},[14,97920,215],{},[37,97922,97923],{"className":39,"code":11687,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,97924,97925],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97926,97927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97928,11687],{"class":412},[14,97930,22065,97931,2274,97933,97935,97936,97938,97939,30],{},[44,97932,54445],{},[44,97934,3652],{},", and then you assign that ",[44,97937,3652],{}," back to ",[44,97940,174],{},[32,97942,4393],{"id":4392},[14,97944,10624,97945,30],{},[44,97946,97282],{},[773,97948,12474,97950],{"id":97949},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[44,97951,11198],{},[14,97953,744],{},[37,97955,97957],{"className":39,"code":97956,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[44,97958,97959,97979,97993],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,97960,97961,97963,97965,97967,97969,97971,97973,97975,97977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97962,15506],{"class":53},[47,97964,58],{"class":57},[47,97966,10366],{"class":61},[47,97968,66],{"class":65},[47,97970,69],{"class":61},[47,97972,72],{"class":65},[47,97974,69],{"class":61},[47,97976,77],{"class":65},[47,97978,9184],{"class":61},[47,97980,97981,97983,97985,97987,97989,97991],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97982,15506],{"class":53},[47,97984,58],{"class":57},[47,97986,96806],{"class":53},[47,97988,30],{"class":61},[47,97990,11260],{"class":173},[47,97992,241],{"class":61},[47,97994,97995,97997,97999,98001],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97996,167],{"class":166},[47,97998,170],{"class":61},[47,98000,15544],{"class":173},[47,98002,80],{"class":61},[14,98004,215],{},[37,98006,98007],{"className":39,"code":11687,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,98008,98009],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98010,98011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98012,11687],{"class":412},[14,98014,724],{},[37,98016,98018],{"className":39,"code":98017,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[44,98019,98020,98040,98050],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98021,98022,98024,98026,98028,98030,98032,98034,98036,98038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98023,15506],{"class":53},[47,98025,58],{"class":57},[47,98027,10366],{"class":61},[47,98029,66],{"class":65},[47,98031,69],{"class":61},[47,98033,72],{"class":65},[47,98035,69],{"class":61},[47,98037,77],{"class":65},[47,98039,9184],{"class":61},[47,98041,98042,98044,98046,98048],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98043,15544],{"class":53},[47,98045,30],{"class":61},[47,98047,11260],{"class":173},[47,98049,241],{"class":61},[47,98051,98052,98054,98056,98058],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,98053,167],{"class":166},[47,98055,170],{"class":61},[47,98057,15544],{"class":173},[47,98059,80],{"class":61},[14,98061,215],{},[37,98063,98064],{"className":39,"code":97340,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,98065,98066],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98067,98068,98070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98069,6161],{"class":118},[47,98071,241],{"class":61},[773,98073,8330,98075,98077],{"id":98074},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[44,98076,11198],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98079,98080,98082,98083,98085],{},[44,98081,11198],{}," removes ",[575,98084,3589],{}," items from the set.",[14,98087,98088,98089,25,98094,30],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[21,98090,98092],{"href":98091},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[44,98093,55414],{},[21,98095,98097],{"href":98096},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[44,98098,12642],{},[773,98100,8294,98102,98104],{"id":98101},"using-for-an-empty-set",[44,98103,3665],{}," for an empty set",[14,98106,25567],{},[37,98108,98110],{"className":39,"code":98109,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[44,98111,98112,98121],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98113,98114,98117,98119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98115,98116],{"class":53},"empty_value ",[47,98118,58],{"class":57},[47,98120,9713],{"class":61},[47,98122,98123,98125,98127,98129,98131,98134],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98124,167],{"class":166},[47,98126,170],{"class":61},[47,98128,499],{"class":118},[47,98130,170],{"class":61},[47,98132,98133],{"class":173},"empty_value",[47,98135,506],{"class":61},[14,98137,215],{},[37,98139,98140],{"className":39,"code":8686,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,98141,98142],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98143,98144,98146,98148,98150,98152,98154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98145,522],{"class":57},[47,98147,526],{"class":525},[47,98149,265],{"class":125},[47,98151,8699],{"class":129},[47,98153,256],{"class":125},[47,98155,536],{"class":57},[14,98157,98158,8666],{},[44,98159,3665],{},[14,98161,98162],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[37,98164,98166],{"className":39,"code":98165,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[44,98167,98168,98179],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98169,98170,98173,98175,98177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98171,98172],{"class":53},"empty_set ",[47,98174,58],{"class":57},[47,98176,15511],{"class":118},[47,98178,241],{"class":61},[47,98180,98181,98183,98185,98187,98189,98192],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98182,167],{"class":166},[47,98184,170],{"class":61},[47,98186,499],{"class":118},[47,98188,170],{"class":61},[47,98190,98191],{"class":173},"empty_set",[47,98193,506],{"class":61},[14,98195,215],{},[37,98197,98198],{"className":39,"code":8730,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,98199,98200],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98201,98202,98204,98206,98208,98210,98212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98203,522],{"class":57},[47,98205,526],{"class":525},[47,98207,265],{"class":125},[47,98209,6161],{"class":129},[47,98211,256],{"class":125},[47,98213,536],{"class":57},[773,98215,98217],{"id":98216},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[37,98219,98221],{"className":39,"code":98220,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[44,98222,98223,98247,98255,98259,98269,98273,98283],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98224,98225,98227,98229,98231,98233,98235,98237,98239,98241,98243,98245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98226,2430],{"class":53},[47,98228,58],{"class":57},[47,98230,10366],{"class":61},[47,98232,126],{"class":125},[47,98234,2049],{"class":129},[47,98236,126],{"class":125},[47,98238,69],{"class":61},[47,98240,136],{"class":125},[47,98242,11624],{"class":129},[47,98244,126],{"class":125},[47,98246,9184],{"class":61},[47,98248,98249,98251,98253],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98250,2458],{"class":53},[47,98252,58],{"class":57},[47,98254,36056],{"class":53},[47,98256,98257],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,98258,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,98260,98261,98263,98265,98267],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,98262,21],{"class":53},[47,98264,30],{"class":61},[47,98266,11260],{"class":173},[47,98268,241],{"class":61},[47,98270,98271],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,98272,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,98274,98275,98277,98279,98281],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,98276,167],{"class":166},[47,98278,170],{"class":61},[47,98280,21],{"class":173},[47,98282,80],{"class":61},[47,98284,98285,98287,98289,98291],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,98286,167],{"class":166},[47,98288,170],{"class":61},[47,98290,139],{"class":173},[47,98292,80],{"class":61},[14,98294,215],{},[37,98296,98297],{"className":39,"code":97614,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,98298,98299,98305],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98300,98301,98303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98302,6161],{"class":118},[47,98304,241],{"class":61},[47,98306,98307,98309],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98308,6161],{"class":118},[47,98310,241],{"class":61},[14,98312,28938,98313,4267,98315,98317],{},[44,98314,21],{},[44,98316,139],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[32,98319,1708],{"id":1707},[773,98321,1744,98323,5020],{"id":98322},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[44,98324,97282],{},[14,98326,1750,98327,98329],{},[44,98328,3652],{},". It empties the set in place.",[773,98331,12584,98333,98335],{"id":98332},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[44,98334,11198],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98337,98338],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[773,98340,98342],{"id":98341},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98344,98345,98346,98348,98349,30],{},"You already have one after ",[44,98347,11198],{},". Printing it shows ",[44,98350,3670],{},[773,98352,5054,98354,4267,98356,2368],{"id":98353},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[44,98355,11198],{},[44,98357,3670],{},[14,98359,98360,98362,98363,98365],{},[44,98361,11198],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[44,98364,3670],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[32,98367,1758],{"id":1757},[291,98369,98370,98374,98378,98385,98391,98397],{},[294,98371,98372],{},[21,98373,96210],{"href":97381},[294,98375,98376],{},[21,98377,97220],{"href":97765},[294,98379,98380],{},[21,98381,96696,98383,10617],{"href":98382},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[44,98384,96085],{},[294,98386,98387],{},[21,98388,96696,98389,10617],{"href":98091},[44,98390,55414],{},[294,98392,98393],{},[21,98394,96696,98395,10617],{"href":98096},[44,98396,12642],{},[294,98398,98399],{},[21,98400,96696,98402,10617],{"href":98401},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[44,98403,14833],{},[1796,98405,98406],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":98408},[98409,98411,98412,98413,98420,98421,98430,98439],{"id":97356,"depth":83,"text":98410},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":97520,"depth":83,"text":98414,"children":98415},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98416,98418],{"id":97533,"depth":94,"text":98417},"Using clear()",{"id":97637,"depth":94,"text":98419},"Using set()",{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":98422},[98423,98425,98427,98429],{"id":97949,"depth":94,"text":98424},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98074,"depth":94,"text":98426},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98101,"depth":94,"text":98428},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98216,"depth":94,"text":98217},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":98431},[98432,98434,98436,98437],{"id":98322,"depth":94,"text":98433},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98332,"depth":94,"text":98435},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98341,"depth":94,"text":98342},{"id":98353,"depth":94,"text":98438},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97270,"description":98440},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98447,"title":98448,"body":98449,"description":100281,"extension":1837,"meta":100282,"navigation":159,"path":96213,"seo":100283,"stem":100284,"__hash__":100285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98450,"toc":100238},[98451,98454,98457,98460,98462,98565,98569,98616,98622,98624,98643,98647,98650,98652,98666,98675,98679,98682,98717,98721,98741,98744,98748,98751,98812,98816,98841,98848,98854,98859,98861,98873,98877,98926,98930,98954,98961,98965,99006,99010,99031,99035,99068,99072,99113,99116,99120,99125,99164,99168,99193,99198,99204,99241,99245,99268,99272,99274,99277,99280,99357,99361,99398,99401,99405,99411,99414,99424,99473,99479,99485,99512,99515,99537,99539,99570,99573,99577,99581,99620,99624,99687,99690,99723,99727,99752,99754,99757,99763,99766,99793,99796,99814,99818,99822,99825,99868,99871,99875,99878,99881,99911,99914,99918,99921,99936,99941,99945,99948,100037,100039,100042,100132,100135,100153,100155,100159,100169,100173,100181,100185,100188,100192,100195,100199,100202,100204,100232,100235],[10,98452,98448],{"id":98453},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98455,98456],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98458,98459],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[32,98461,3482],{"id":3481},[37,98463,98465],{"className":39,"code":98464,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[44,98466,98467,98487,98521,98531,98535,98545,98555],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98468,98469,98471,98473,98475,98477,98479,98481,98483,98485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98470,54],{"class":53},[47,98472,58],{"class":57},[47,98474,10366],{"class":61},[47,98476,66],{"class":65},[47,98478,69],{"class":61},[47,98480,72],{"class":65},[47,98482,69],{"class":61},[47,98484,77],{"class":65},[47,98486,9184],{"class":61},[47,98488,98489,98491,98493,98495,98497,98499,98501,98503,98505,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98490,3943],{"class":53},[47,98492,58],{"class":57},[47,98494,15511],{"class":118},[47,98496,122],{"class":61},[47,98498,126],{"class":125},[47,98500,405],{"class":129},[47,98502,126],{"class":125},[47,98504,69],{"class":61},[47,98506,136],{"class":125},[47,98508,3960],{"class":129},[47,98510,126],{"class":125},[47,98512,69],{"class":61},[47,98514,136],{"class":125},[47,98516,405],{"class":129},[47,98518,126],{"class":125},[47,98520,153],{"class":61},[47,98522,98523,98525,98527,98529],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,98524,98172],{"class":53},[47,98526,58],{"class":57},[47,98528,15511],{"class":118},[47,98530,241],{"class":61},[47,98532,98533],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,98534,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,98536,98537,98539,98541,98543],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,98538,167],{"class":166},[47,98540,170],{"class":61},[47,98542,174],{"class":173},[47,98544,80],{"class":61},[47,98546,98547,98549,98551,98553],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,98548,167],{"class":166},[47,98550,170],{"class":61},[47,98552,3986],{"class":173},[47,98554,80],{"class":61},[47,98556,98557,98559,98561,98563],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,98558,167],{"class":166},[47,98560,170],{"class":61},[47,98562,98191],{"class":173},[47,98564,80],{"class":61},[14,98566,98567],{},[575,98568,215],{},[37,98570,98572],{"className":39,"code":98571,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[44,98573,98574,98590,98610],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98575,98576,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98577,9153],{"class":61},[47,98579,66],{"class":65},[47,98581,69],{"class":61},[47,98583,72],{"class":65},[47,98585,69],{"class":61},[47,98587,77],{"class":65},[47,98589,9184],{"class":61},[47,98591,98592,98594,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606,98608],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98593,9153],{"class":61},[47,98595,256],{"class":125},[47,98597,3960],{"class":129},[47,98599,256],{"class":125},[47,98601,69],{"class":61},[47,98603,265],{"class":125},[47,98605,405],{"class":129},[47,98607,256],{"class":125},[47,98609,9184],{"class":61},[47,98611,98612,98614],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,98613,6161],{"class":118},[47,98615,241],{"class":61},[14,98617,98618,98619,98621],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[44,98620,3670],{}," for an empty set.",[32,98623,289],{"id":288},[291,98625,98626,98629,98634,98637,98640],{},[294,98627,98628],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[294,98630,98631,98632],{},"How to create a set with ",[44,98633,3670],{},[294,98635,98636],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[294,98638,98639],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[294,98641,98642],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[32,98644,98646],{"id":98645},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98648,98649],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98651,30418],{},[291,98653,98654,98657,98660,98663],{},[294,98655,98656],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[294,98658,98659],{},"Sets are unordered",[294,98661,98662],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[294,98664,98665],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98667,98668,98669,25,98671,30],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[21,98670,96210],{"href":97381},[21,98672,98674],{"href":98673},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[32,98676,98678],{"id":98677},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98680,98681],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[37,98683,98685],{"className":39,"code":98684,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,98686,98687,98707],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98688,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98690,54],{"class":53},[47,98692,58],{"class":57},[47,98694,10366],{"class":61},[47,98696,66],{"class":65},[47,98698,69],{"class":61},[47,98700,72],{"class":65},[47,98702,69],{"class":61},[47,98704,77],{"class":65},[47,98706,9184],{"class":61},[47,98708,98709,98711,98713,98715],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98710,167],{"class":166},[47,98712,170],{"class":61},[47,98714,174],{"class":173},[47,98716,80],{"class":61},[14,98718,98719],{},[575,98720,29907],{},[37,98722,98723],{"className":39,"code":96489,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,98724,98725],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98726,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737,98739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98728,9153],{"class":61},[47,98730,66],{"class":65},[47,98732,69],{"class":61},[47,98734,72],{"class":65},[47,98736,69],{"class":61},[47,98738,77],{"class":65},[47,98740,9184],{"class":61},[14,98742,98743],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[773,98745,98747],{"id":98746},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98749,98750],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[37,98752,98754],{"className":39,"code":98753,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[44,98755,98756,98788,98798],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98757,98758,98760,98762,98764,98766,98768,98770,98772,98774,98776,98778,98780,98782,98784,98786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98759,54],{"class":53},[47,98761,58],{"class":57},[47,98763,10366],{"class":61},[47,98765,66],{"class":65},[47,98767,69],{"class":61},[47,98769,72],{"class":65},[47,98771,69],{"class":61},[47,98773,72],{"class":65},[47,98775,69],{"class":61},[47,98777,77],{"class":65},[47,98779,69],{"class":61},[47,98781,77],{"class":65},[47,98783,69],{"class":61},[47,98785,77],{"class":65},[47,98787,9184],{"class":61},[47,98789,98790,98792,98794,98796],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98791,167],{"class":166},[47,98793,170],{"class":61},[47,98795,174],{"class":173},[47,98797,80],{"class":61},[47,98799,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,98801,167],{"class":166},[47,98803,170],{"class":61},[47,98805,1698],{"class":166},[47,98807,170],{"class":61},[47,98809,174],{"class":173},[47,98811,506],{"class":61},[14,98813,98814],{},[575,98815,29907],{},[37,98817,98819],{"className":39,"code":98818,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[44,98820,98821,98837],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98822,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98824,9153],{"class":61},[47,98826,66],{"class":65},[47,98828,69],{"class":61},[47,98830,72],{"class":65},[47,98832,69],{"class":61},[47,98834,77],{"class":65},[47,98836,9184],{"class":61},[47,98838,98839],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98840,46500],{"class":65},[14,98842,20853,98843,4267,98845,98847],{},[44,98844,1931],{},[44,98846,1937],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[32,98849,98851,98852],{"id":98850},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[44,98853,3670],{},[14,98855,1967,98856,98858],{},[44,98857,3670],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98860,5331],{},[291,98862,98863,98865,98867,98869],{},[294,98864,96969],{},[294,98866,96265],{},[294,98868,813],{},[294,98870,98871],{},[44,98872,36079],{},[773,98874,98876],{"id":98875},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[37,98878,98880],{"className":39,"code":98879,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,98881,98882,98916],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98883,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900,98902,98904,98906,98908,98910,98912,98914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98885,54],{"class":53},[47,98887,58],{"class":57},[47,98889,15511],{"class":118},[47,98891,122],{"class":61},[47,98893,66],{"class":65},[47,98895,69],{"class":61},[47,98897,72],{"class":65},[47,98899,69],{"class":61},[47,98901,72],{"class":65},[47,98903,69],{"class":61},[47,98905,77],{"class":65},[47,98907,69],{"class":61},[47,98909,77],{"class":65},[47,98911,69],{"class":61},[47,98913,2333],{"class":65},[47,98915,153],{"class":61},[47,98917,98918,98920,98922,98924],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98919,167],{"class":166},[47,98921,170],{"class":61},[47,98923,174],{"class":173},[47,98925,80],{"class":61},[14,98927,98928],{},[575,98929,29907],{},[37,98931,98932],{"className":39,"code":96152,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,98933,98934],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98935,98936,98938,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948,98950,98952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98937,9153],{"class":61},[47,98939,66],{"class":65},[47,98941,69],{"class":61},[47,98943,72],{"class":65},[47,98945,69],{"class":61},[47,98947,77],{"class":65},[47,98949,69],{"class":61},[47,98951,2333],{"class":65},[47,98953,9184],{"class":61},[14,98955,98956,98957,30],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[21,98958,98960],{"href":98959},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[773,98962,98964],{"id":98963},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[37,98966,98968],{"className":39,"code":98967,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[44,98969,98970,98996],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,98971,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98973,1196],{"class":53},[47,98975,58],{"class":57},[47,98977,15511],{"class":118},[47,98979,5384],{"class":61},[47,98981,960],{"class":65},[47,98983,69],{"class":61},[47,98985,965],{"class":65},[47,98987,69],{"class":61},[47,98989,965],{"class":65},[47,98991,69],{"class":61},[47,98993,7669],{"class":65},[47,98995,506],{"class":61},[47,98997,98998,99000,99002,99004],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98999,167],{"class":166},[47,99001,170],{"class":61},[47,99003,1221],{"class":173},[47,99005,80],{"class":61},[14,99007,99008],{},[575,99009,29907],{},[37,99011,99013],{"className":39,"code":99012,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[44,99014,99015],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99016,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99018,9153],{"class":61},[47,99020,960],{"class":65},[47,99022,69],{"class":61},[47,99024,965],{"class":65},[47,99026,69],{"class":61},[47,99028,7669],{"class":65},[47,99030,9184],{"class":61},[773,99032,99034],{"id":99033},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[37,99036,99038],{"className":39,"code":99037,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[44,99039,99040,99058],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99041,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054,99056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99043,1118],{"class":53},[47,99045,58],{"class":57},[47,99047,15511],{"class":118},[47,99049,170],{"class":61},[47,99051,126],{"class":125},[47,99053,3718],{"class":129},[47,99055,126],{"class":125},[47,99057,80],{"class":61},[47,99059,99060,99062,99064,99066],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99061,167],{"class":166},[47,99063,170],{"class":61},[47,99065,1142],{"class":173},[47,99067,80],{"class":61},[14,99069,99070],{},[575,99071,29907],{},[37,99073,99075],{"className":39,"code":99074,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[44,99076,99077],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99078,99079,99081,99083,99085,99087,99089,99091,99093,99095,99097,99099,99101,99103,99105,99107,99109,99111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99080,9153],{"class":61},[47,99082,256],{"class":125},[47,99084,60319],{"class":129},[47,99086,256],{"class":125},[47,99088,69],{"class":61},[47,99090,265],{"class":125},[47,99092,60328],{"class":129},[47,99094,256],{"class":125},[47,99096,69],{"class":61},[47,99098,265],{"class":125},[47,99100,60337],{"class":129},[47,99102,256],{"class":125},[47,99104,69],{"class":61},[47,99106,265],{"class":125},[47,99108,60354],{"class":129},[47,99110,256],{"class":125},[47,99112,9184],{"class":61},[14,99114,99115],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[32,99117,99119],{"id":99118},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99121,99122,99123,30],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[44,99124,3670],{},[37,99126,99128],{"className":39,"code":99127,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[44,99129,99130,99140,99150],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99131,99132,99134,99136,99138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99133,98172],{"class":53},[47,99135,58],{"class":57},[47,99137,15511],{"class":118},[47,99139,241],{"class":61},[47,99141,99142,99144,99146,99148],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99143,167],{"class":166},[47,99145,170],{"class":61},[47,99147,98191],{"class":173},[47,99149,80],{"class":61},[47,99151,99152,99154,99156,99158,99160,99162],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,99153,167],{"class":166},[47,99155,170],{"class":61},[47,99157,499],{"class":118},[47,99159,170],{"class":61},[47,99161,98191],{"class":173},[47,99163,506],{"class":61},[14,99165,99166],{},[575,99167,215],{},[37,99169,99171],{"className":39,"code":99170,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[44,99172,99173,99179],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99174,99175,99177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99176,6161],{"class":118},[47,99178,241],{"class":61},[47,99180,99181,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99182,522],{"class":57},[47,99184,526],{"class":525},[47,99186,265],{"class":125},[47,99188,6161],{"class":129},[47,99190,256],{"class":125},[47,99192,536],{"class":57},[773,99194,44311,99196],{"id":99195},"do-not-use",[44,99197,3665],{},[14,99199,99200,99201,99203],{},"Empty braces do ",[575,99202,577],{}," create a set.",[37,99205,99207],{"className":39,"code":99206,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[44,99208,99209,99217,99227],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99210,99211,99213,99215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99212,98116],{"class":53},[47,99214,58],{"class":57},[47,99216,9713],{"class":61},[47,99218,99219,99221,99223,99225],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99220,167],{"class":166},[47,99222,170],{"class":61},[47,99224,98133],{"class":173},[47,99226,80],{"class":61},[47,99228,99229,99231,99233,99235,99237,99239],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,99230,167],{"class":166},[47,99232,170],{"class":61},[47,99234,499],{"class":118},[47,99236,170],{"class":61},[47,99238,98133],{"class":173},[47,99240,506],{"class":61},[14,99242,99243],{},[575,99244,215],{},[37,99246,99248],{"className":39,"code":99247,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[44,99249,99250,99254],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99251,99252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99253,9310],{"class":61},[47,99255,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264,99266],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99257,522],{"class":57},[47,99259,526],{"class":525},[47,99261,265],{"class":125},[47,99263,8699],{"class":129},[47,99265,256],{"class":125},[47,99267,536],{"class":57},[14,99269,99270,8666],{},[44,99271,3665],{},[32,99273,72148],{"id":72147},[14,99275,99276],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99278,99279],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[37,99281,99283],{"className":39,"code":99282,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[44,99284,99285,99333,99343],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99286,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323,99325,99327,99329,99331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99288,3943],{"class":53},[47,99290,58],{"class":57},[47,99292,10366],{"class":61},[47,99294,126],{"class":125},[47,99296,405],{"class":129},[47,99298,126],{"class":125},[47,99300,69],{"class":61},[47,99302,136],{"class":125},[47,99304,3960],{"class":129},[47,99306,126],{"class":125},[47,99308,69],{"class":61},[47,99310,136],{"class":125},[47,99312,405],{"class":129},[47,99314,126],{"class":125},[47,99316,69],{"class":61},[47,99318,136],{"class":125},[47,99320,405],{"class":129},[47,99322,126],{"class":125},[47,99324,69],{"class":61},[47,99326,136],{"class":125},[47,99328,33100],{"class":129},[47,99330,126],{"class":125},[47,99332,9184],{"class":61},[47,99334,99335,99337,99339,99341],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99336,167],{"class":166},[47,99338,170],{"class":61},[47,99340,3986],{"class":173},[47,99342,80],{"class":61},[47,99344,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,99346,167],{"class":166},[47,99348,170],{"class":61},[47,99350,1698],{"class":166},[47,99352,170],{"class":61},[47,99354,3986],{"class":173},[47,99356,506],{"class":61},[14,99358,99359],{},[575,99360,29907],{},[37,99362,99364],{"className":39,"code":99363,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[44,99365,99366,99394],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99367,99368,99370,99372,99374,99376,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99369,9153],{"class":61},[47,99371,256],{"class":125},[47,99373,3960],{"class":129},[47,99375,256],{"class":125},[47,99377,69],{"class":61},[47,99379,265],{"class":125},[47,99381,33100],{"class":129},[47,99383,256],{"class":125},[47,99385,69],{"class":61},[47,99387,265],{"class":125},[47,99389,405],{"class":129},[47,99391,256],{"class":125},[47,99393,9184],{"class":61},[47,99395,99396],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99397,46500],{"class":65},[14,99399,99400],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[32,99402,99404],{"id":99403},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99406,99407,99408,99410],{},"Set items must be ",[575,99409,96253],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99412,99413],{},"These usually work:",[291,99415,99416,99418,99420,99422],{},[294,99417,775],{},[294,99419,813],{},[294,99421,96265],{},[294,99423,40476],{},[37,99425,99427],{"className":39,"code":99426,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[44,99428,99429,99463],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99430,99431,99433,99435,99437,99439,99441,99443,99445,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457,99459,99461],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99432,1196],{"class":53},[47,99434,58],{"class":57},[47,99436,10366],{"class":61},[47,99438,66],{"class":65},[47,99440,69],{"class":61},[47,99442,136],{"class":125},[47,99444,405],{"class":129},[47,99446,126],{"class":125},[47,99448,69],{"class":61},[47,99450,62],{"class":61},[47,99452,960],{"class":65},[47,99454,69],{"class":61},[47,99456,965],{"class":65},[47,99458,954],{"class":61},[47,99460,413],{"class":412},[47,99462,9184],{"class":61},[47,99464,99465,99467,99469,99471],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99466,167],{"class":166},[47,99468,170],{"class":61},[47,99470,1221],{"class":173},[47,99472,80],{"class":61},[14,99474,99475,99476,99478],{},"These do ",[575,99477,577],{}," work directly:",[291,99480,99481,99483],{},[294,99482,96969],{},[294,99484,96972],{},[37,99486,99488],{"className":39,"code":99487,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[44,99489,99490],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99491,99492,99495,99497,99500,99502,99504,99506,99508,99510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99493,99494],{"class":53},"bad_set ",[47,99496,58],{"class":57},[47,99498,99499],{"class":61}," {[",[47,99501,66],{"class":65},[47,99503,69],{"class":61},[47,99505,72],{"class":65},[47,99507,69],{"class":61},[47,99509,77],{"class":65},[47,99511,13584],{"class":61},[14,99513,99514],{},"This raises an error:",[37,99516,99517],{"className":39,"code":97028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,99518,99519],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99520,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99522,2879],{"class":118},[47,99524,2760],{"class":61},[47,99526,97039],{"class":53},[47,99528,499],{"class":118},[47,99530,2760],{"class":61},[47,99532,265],{"class":125},[47,99534,7969],{"class":129},[47,99536,29577],{"class":125},[14,99538,51964],{},[37,99540,99542],{"className":39,"code":99541,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[44,99543,99544],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99545,99546,99548,99550,99553,99555,99557,99559,99561,99563,99565,99567],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99547,99494],{"class":53},[47,99549,58],{"class":57},[47,99551,99552],{"class":61}," {{",[47,99554,126],{"class":125},[47,99556,7542],{"class":129},[47,99558,126],{"class":125},[47,99560,2760],{"class":61},[47,99562,136],{"class":125},[47,99564,7551],{"class":129},[47,99566,126],{"class":125},[47,99568,99569],{"class":61},"}}\n",[14,99571,99572],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[32,99574,99576],{"id":99575},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[773,99578,99580],{"id":99579},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[37,99582,99584],{"className":39,"code":99583,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,99585,99586,99610],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99587,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99589,54],{"class":53},[47,99591,58],{"class":57},[47,99593,10366],{"class":61},[47,99595,66],{"class":65},[47,99597,69],{"class":61},[47,99599,72],{"class":65},[47,99601,69],{"class":61},[47,99603,77],{"class":65},[47,99605,69],{"class":61},[47,99607,2333],{"class":65},[47,99609,9184],{"class":61},[47,99611,99612,99614,99616,99618],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99613,167],{"class":166},[47,99615,170],{"class":61},[47,99617,174],{"class":173},[47,99619,80],{"class":61},[773,99621,99623],{"id":99622},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[37,99625,99627],{"className":39,"code":99626,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[44,99628,99629,99657,99672,99676],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99630,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99632,7654],{"class":53},[47,99634,58],{"class":57},[47,99636,957],{"class":61},[47,99638,66],{"class":65},[47,99640,69],{"class":61},[47,99642,1242],{"class":65},[47,99644,69],{"class":61},[47,99646,72],{"class":65},[47,99648,69],{"class":61},[47,99650,77],{"class":65},[47,99652,69],{"class":61},[47,99654,77],{"class":65},[47,99656,1402],{"class":61},[47,99658,99659,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99660,99661],{"class":53},"unique_items ",[47,99663,58],{"class":57},[47,99665,15511],{"class":118},[47,99667,170],{"class":61},[47,99669,7684],{"class":173},[47,99671,80],{"class":61},[47,99673,99674],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,99675,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,99677,99678,99680,99682,99685],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,99679,167],{"class":166},[47,99681,170],{"class":61},[47,99683,99684],{"class":173},"unique_items",[47,99686,80],{"class":61},[773,99688,99034],{"id":99689},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[37,99691,99693],{"className":39,"code":99692,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[44,99694,99695,99713],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99696,99697,99699,99701,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99698,1118],{"class":53},[47,99700,58],{"class":57},[47,99702,15511],{"class":118},[47,99704,170],{"class":61},[47,99706,126],{"class":125},[47,99708,3960],{"class":129},[47,99710,126],{"class":125},[47,99712,80],{"class":61},[47,99714,99715,99717,99719,99721],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99716,167],{"class":166},[47,99718,170],{"class":61},[47,99720,1142],{"class":173},[47,99722,80],{"class":61},[773,99724,99726],{"id":99725},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[37,99728,99730],{"className":39,"code":99729,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[44,99731,99732,99742],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99733,99734,99736,99738,99740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99735,98172],{"class":53},[47,99737,58],{"class":57},[47,99739,15511],{"class":118},[47,99741,241],{"class":61},[47,99743,99744,99746,99748,99750],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99745,167],{"class":166},[47,99747,170],{"class":61},[47,99749,98191],{"class":173},[47,99751,80],{"class":61},[32,99753,1284],{"id":1283},[14,99755,99756],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[773,99758,8294,99760,99762],{"id":99759},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[44,99761,3665],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99764,99765],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[37,99767,99769],{"className":39,"code":99768,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[44,99770,99771,99779],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99772,99773,99775,99777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99774,588],{"class":53},[47,99776,58],{"class":57},[47,99778,9713],{"class":61},[47,99780,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789,99791],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99782,167],{"class":166},[47,99784,170],{"class":61},[47,99786,499],{"class":118},[47,99788,170],{"class":61},[47,99790,605],{"class":173},[47,99792,506],{"class":61},[14,99794,99795],{},"This prints:",[37,99797,99798],{"className":39,"code":8686,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,99799,99800],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99801,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810,99812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99803,522],{"class":57},[47,99805,526],{"class":525},[47,99807,265],{"class":125},[47,99809,8699],{"class":129},[47,99811,256],{"class":125},[47,99813,536],{"class":57},[14,99815,1967,99816,6504],{},[44,99817,3670],{},[773,99819,99821],{"id":99820},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99823,99824],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[37,99826,99828],{"className":39,"code":99827,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,99829,99830,99858],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99831,99832,99834,99836,99838,99840,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852,99854,99856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99833,54],{"class":53},[47,99835,58],{"class":57},[47,99837,10366],{"class":61},[47,99839,66],{"class":65},[47,99841,69],{"class":61},[47,99843,1242],{"class":65},[47,99845,69],{"class":61},[47,99847,72],{"class":65},[47,99849,69],{"class":61},[47,99851,72],{"class":65},[47,99853,69],{"class":61},[47,99855,77],{"class":65},[47,99857,9184],{"class":61},[47,99859,99860,99862,99864,99866],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99861,167],{"class":166},[47,99863,170],{"class":61},[47,99865,174],{"class":173},[47,99867,80],{"class":61},[14,99869,99870],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[773,99872,99874],{"id":99873},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99876,99877],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99879,99880],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[37,99882,99884],{"className":39,"code":99883,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[44,99885,99886,99906],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99887,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900,99902,99904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99889,54],{"class":53},[47,99891,58],{"class":57},[47,99893,10366],{"class":61},[47,99895,960],{"class":65},[47,99897,69],{"class":61},[47,99899,965],{"class":65},[47,99901,69],{"class":61},[47,99903,7669],{"class":65},[47,99905,9184],{"class":61},[47,99907,99908],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99909,99910],{"class":1494},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,99912,99913],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[773,99915,99917],{"id":99916},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,99919,99920],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[37,99922,99924],{"className":39,"code":99923,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[44,99925,99926,99931],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99927,99928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99929,99930],{"class":1494},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[47,99932,99933],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99934,99935],{"class":1494},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,99937,99938,99939,30],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[44,99940,2879],{},[773,99942,99944],{"id":99943},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,99946,99947],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[37,99949,99951],{"className":39,"code":99950,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[44,99952,99953,99973,100005,100009,100023],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,99954,99955,99957,99959,99961,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99956,15506],{"class":53},[47,99958,58],{"class":57},[47,99960,10366],{"class":61},[47,99962,66],{"class":65},[47,99964,69],{"class":61},[47,99966,72],{"class":65},[47,99968,69],{"class":61},[47,99970,77],{"class":65},[47,99972,9184],{"class":61},[47,99974,99975,99977,99979,99981,99983,99985,99987,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997,99999,100001,100003],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99976,11603],{"class":53},[47,99978,58],{"class":57},[47,99980,10366],{"class":61},[47,99982,126],{"class":125},[47,99984,21],{"class":129},[47,99986,126],{"class":125},[47,99988,2760],{"class":61},[47,99990,1242],{"class":65},[47,99992,69],{"class":61},[47,99994,136],{"class":125},[47,99996,139],{"class":129},[47,99998,126],{"class":125},[47,100000,2760],{"class":61},[47,100002,72],{"class":65},[47,100004,9184],{"class":61},[47,100006,100007],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100008,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,100010,100011,100013,100015,100017,100019,100021],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,100012,167],{"class":166},[47,100014,170],{"class":61},[47,100016,499],{"class":118},[47,100018,170],{"class":61},[47,100020,15544],{"class":173},[47,100022,506],{"class":61},[47,100024,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033,100035],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,100026,167],{"class":166},[47,100028,170],{"class":61},[47,100030,499],{"class":118},[47,100032,170],{"class":61},[47,100034,11327],{"class":173},[47,100036,506],{"class":61},[32,100038,92665],{"id":92664},[14,100040,100041],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[37,100043,100045],{"className":39,"code":100044,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[44,100046,100047,100073,100077,100091,100101,100115,100122],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,100048,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059,100061,100063,100065,100067,100069,100071],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100050,15506],{"class":53},[47,100052,58],{"class":57},[47,100054,15511],{"class":118},[47,100056,122],{"class":61},[47,100058,66],{"class":65},[47,100060,69],{"class":61},[47,100062,72],{"class":65},[47,100064,69],{"class":61},[47,100066,72],{"class":65},[47,100068,69],{"class":61},[47,100070,77],{"class":65},[47,100072,153],{"class":61},[47,100074,100075],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100076,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,100078,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100080,167],{"class":166},[47,100082,170],{"class":61},[47,100084,499],{"class":118},[47,100086,170],{"class":61},[47,100088,15544],{"class":173},[47,100090,506],{"class":61},[47,100092,100093,100095,100097,100099],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,100094,167],{"class":166},[47,100096,170],{"class":61},[47,100098,15544],{"class":173},[47,100100,80],{"class":61},[47,100102,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,100104,167],{"class":166},[47,100106,170],{"class":61},[47,100108,1698],{"class":166},[47,100110,170],{"class":61},[47,100112,15544],{"class":173},[47,100114,506],{"class":61},[47,100116,100117,100119],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,100118,167],{"class":166},[47,100120,100121],{"class":61},"({})\n",[47,100123,100124,100126,100128,100130],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,100125,167],{"class":166},[47,100127,170],{"class":61},[47,100129,6161],{"class":118},[47,100131,7068],{"class":61},[14,100133,100134],{},"Use these to confirm:",[291,100136,100137,100140,100143,100146],{},[294,100138,100139],{},"The object type",[294,100141,100142],{},"The actual values stored",[294,100144,100145],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[294,100147,100148,100149,4267,100151],{},"The difference between ",[44,100150,3665],{},[44,100152,3670],{},[32,100154,1708],{"id":1707},[773,100156,100158],{"id":100157},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100160,100161,100162,100165,100166,100168],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[44,100163,100164],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[44,100167,3670],{}," with another iterable.",[773,100170,100172],{"id":100171},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100174,1967,100175,100177,100178,100180],{},[44,100176,3670],{},". Empty braces ",[44,100179,3665],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[773,100182,100184],{"id":100183},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100186,100187],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[773,100189,100191],{"id":100190},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100193,100194],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[773,100196,100198],{"id":100197},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100200,100201],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[32,100203,1758],{"id":1757},[291,100205,100206,100210,100216,100222,100227],{},[294,100207,100208],{},[21,100209,96210],{"href":97381},[294,100211,100212],{},[21,100213,3448,100214,10617],{"href":98382},[44,100215,96090],{},[294,100217,100218],{},[21,100219,3448,100220,10617],{"href":98401},[44,100221,97196],{},[294,100223,100224],{},[21,100225,100226],{"href":98959},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[294,100228,100229],{},[21,100230,100231],{"href":98673},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100233,100234],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1796,100236,100237],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":100239},[100240,100241,100242,100243,100246,100252,100256,100257,100258,100264,100272,100273,100280],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":288,"depth":83,"text":289},{"id":98645,"depth":83,"text":98646},{"id":98677,"depth":83,"text":98678,"children":100244},[100245],{"id":98746,"depth":94,"text":98747},{"id":98850,"depth":83,"text":100247,"children":100248},"Create a set with set()",[100249,100250,100251],{"id":98875,"depth":94,"text":98876},{"id":98963,"depth":94,"text":98964},{"id":99033,"depth":94,"text":99034},{"id":99118,"depth":83,"text":99119,"children":100253},[100254],{"id":99195,"depth":94,"text":100255},"Do not use {}",{"id":72147,"depth":83,"text":72148},{"id":99403,"depth":83,"text":99404},{"id":99575,"depth":83,"text":99576,"children":100259},[100260,100261,100262,100263],{"id":99579,"depth":94,"text":99580},{"id":99622,"depth":94,"text":99623},{"id":99689,"depth":94,"text":99034},{"id":99725,"depth":94,"text":99726},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":100265},[100266,100268,100269,100270,100271],{"id":99759,"depth":94,"text":100267},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99820,"depth":94,"text":99821},{"id":99873,"depth":94,"text":99874},{"id":99916,"depth":94,"text":99917},{"id":99943,"depth":94,"text":99944},{"id":92664,"depth":83,"text":92665},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":100274},[100275,100276,100277,100278,100279],{"id":100157,"depth":94,"text":100158},{"id":100171,"depth":94,"text":100172},{"id":100183,"depth":94,"text":100184},{"id":100190,"depth":94,"text":100191},{"id":100197,"depth":94,"text":100198},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98448,"description":100281},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100287,"title":100288,"body":100289,"description":102720,"extension":1837,"meta":102721,"navigation":159,"path":102722,"seo":102723,"stem":102724,"__hash__":102725},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100290,"toc":102685},[100291,100297,100303,100306,100308,100385,100387,100404,100414,100416,100421,100429,100431,100447,100451,100453,100455,100458,100479,100482,100506,100512,100514,100611,100613,100630,100640,100642,100644,100652,100654,100665,100667,100758,100760,100784,100795,100797,100799,100802,100932,100934,101007,101009,101030,101033,101035,101041,101046,101049,101176,101178,101195,101198,101200,101208,101211,101215,101223,101314,101316,101353,101358,101365,101442,101444,101460,101465,101470,101472,101481,101489,101570,101572,101601,101604,101608,101619,101622,101705,101707,101728,101734,101736,101738,101742,101746,101753,101818,101820,101840,101843,101912,101914,101930,101934,101940,101952,101960,101962,102047,102049,102078,102081,102085,102090,102092,102142,102145,102226,102228,102244,102248,102251,102326,102329,102333,102336,102413,102415,102448,102454,102458,102461,102596,102598,102612,102614,102616,102622,102625,102632,102640,102646,102649,102653,102656,102658,102660,102682],[10,100292,96082,100294,11199],{"id":100293},"python-set-difference-method",[44,100295,100296],{},"difference()",[14,100298,100299,100302],{},[44,100300,100301],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100304,100305],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[32,100307,3482],{"id":3481},[37,100309,100311],{"className":39,"code":100310,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[44,100312,100313,100337,100357,100375],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,100314,100315,100317,100319,100321,100323,100325,100327,100329,100331,100333,100335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100316,2430],{"class":53},[47,100318,58],{"class":57},[47,100320,10366],{"class":61},[47,100322,66],{"class":65},[47,100324,69],{"class":61},[47,100326,72],{"class":65},[47,100328,69],{"class":61},[47,100330,77],{"class":65},[47,100332,69],{"class":61},[47,100334,2333],{"class":65},[47,100336,9184],{"class":61},[47,100338,100339,100341,100343,100345,100347,100349,100351,100353,100355],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100340,2458],{"class":53},[47,100342,58],{"class":57},[47,100344,10366],{"class":61},[47,100346,1937],{"class":65},[47,100348,69],{"class":61},[47,100350,2333],{"class":65},[47,100352,69],{"class":61},[47,100354,4480],{"class":65},[47,100356,9184],{"class":61},[47,100358,100359,100361,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100360,2106],{"class":53},[47,100362,58],{"class":57},[47,100364,56771],{"class":53},[47,100366,30],{"class":61},[47,100368,2688],{"class":173},[47,100370,170],{"class":61},[47,100372,139],{"class":173},[47,100374,80],{"class":61},[47,100376,100377,100379,100381,100383],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,100378,167],{"class":166},[47,100380,170],{"class":61},[47,100382,2141],{"class":173},[47,100384,80],{"class":61},[14,100386,215],{},[37,100388,100390],{"className":39,"code":100389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2}\n",[44,100391,100392],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,100393,100394,100396,100398,100400,100402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100395,9153],{"class":61},[47,100397,66],{"class":65},[47,100399,69],{"class":61},[47,100401,72],{"class":65},[47,100403,9184],{"class":61},[14,100405,100406,100408,100409,100411,100412,30],{},[44,100407,100296],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[44,100410,21],{}," that are not in ",[44,100413,139],{},[44799,100415],{},[32,100417,3550,100419,3553],{"id":100418},"what-difference-does",[44,100420,100296],{},[14,100422,1854,100423,100425,100426,100428],{},[44,100424,100296],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[575,100427,577],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100430,12932],{},[291,100432,100433,100438,100441,100444],{},[294,100434,100435,100437],{},[44,100436,100296],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[294,100439,100440],{},"It creates a new set",[294,100442,100443],{},"It does not change the original set",[294,100445,100446],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100448,96206,100449,30],{},[21,100450,96210],{"href":97381},[44799,100452],{},[32,100454,2032],{"id":2031},[14,100456,100457],{},"Use this form:",[37,100459,100461],{"className":39,"code":100460,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[44,100462,100463],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,100464,100465,100468,100470,100472,100474,100477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100466,100467],{"class":53},"set1",[47,100469,30],{"class":61},[47,100471,2688],{"class":173},[47,100473,170],{"class":61},[47,100475,100476],{"class":173},"set2",[47,100478,80],{"class":61},[14,100480,100481],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[37,100483,100485],{"className":39,"code":100484,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[44,100486,100487],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,100488,100489,100491,100493,100495,100497,100499,100501,100504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100490,100467],{"class":53},[47,100492,30],{"class":61},[47,100494,2688],{"class":173},[47,100496,170],{"class":61},[47,100498,100476],{"class":173},[47,100500,69],{"class":61},[47,100502,100503],{"class":173}," set3",[47,100505,80],{"class":61},[14,100507,100508,100509,100511],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[575,100510,5228],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100513,2083],{},[37,100515,100517],{"className":39,"code":100516,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[44,100518,100519,100547,100563,100575,100579,100601],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,100520,100521,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100522,2430],{"class":53},[47,100524,58],{"class":57},[47,100526,10366],{"class":61},[47,100528,66],{"class":65},[47,100530,69],{"class":61},[47,100532,72],{"class":65},[47,100534,69],{"class":61},[47,100536,77],{"class":65},[47,100538,69],{"class":61},[47,100540,2333],{"class":65},[47,100542,69],{"class":61},[47,100544,4480],{"class":65},[47,100546,9184],{"class":61},[47,100548,100549,100551,100553,100555,100557,100559,100561],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100550,2458],{"class":53},[47,100552,58],{"class":57},[47,100554,10366],{"class":61},[47,100556,1931],{"class":65},[47,100558,69],{"class":61},[47,100560,77],{"class":65},[47,100562,9184],{"class":61},[47,100564,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100566,83065],{"class":53},[47,100568,58],{"class":57},[47,100570,10366],{"class":61},[47,100572,104],{"class":65},[47,100574,9184],{"class":61},[47,100576,100577],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,100578,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,100580,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593,100595,100597,100599],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,100582,2106],{"class":53},[47,100584,58],{"class":57},[47,100586,56771],{"class":53},[47,100588,30],{"class":61},[47,100590,2688],{"class":173},[47,100592,170],{"class":61},[47,100594,139],{"class":173},[47,100596,69],{"class":61},[47,100598,9557],{"class":173},[47,100600,80],{"class":61},[47,100602,100603,100605,100607,100609],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,100604,167],{"class":166},[47,100606,170],{"class":61},[47,100608,2141],{"class":173},[47,100610,80],{"class":61},[14,100612,215],{},[37,100614,100616],{"className":39,"code":100615,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 4}\n",[44,100617,100618],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,100619,100620,100622,100624,100626,100628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100621,9153],{"class":61},[47,100623,66],{"class":65},[47,100625,69],{"class":61},[47,100627,2333],{"class":65},[47,100629,9184],{"class":61},[14,100631,100632,100633,100635,100636,25,100638,30],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[44,100634,21],{}," and removes anything found in ",[44,100637,139],{},[44,100639,148],{},[44799,100641],{},[32,100643,17296],{"id":17295},[14,100645,100646,100648,100649,30],{},[44,100647,100296],{}," always returns a ",[575,100650,100651],{},"new set",[14,100653,43532],{},[291,100655,100656,100659,100662],{},[294,100657,100658],{},"The return value is a new set",[294,100660,100661],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[294,100663,100664],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100666,2083],{},[37,100668,100670],{"className":39,"code":100669,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[44,100671,100672,100688,100708,100712,100730,100734,100744],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,100673,100674,100676,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100675,2430],{"class":53},[47,100677,58],{"class":57},[47,100679,10366],{"class":61},[47,100681,66],{"class":65},[47,100683,69],{"class":61},[47,100685,72],{"class":65},[47,100687,9184],{"class":61},[47,100689,100690,100692,100694,100696,100698,100700,100702,100704,100706],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100691,2458],{"class":53},[47,100693,58],{"class":57},[47,100695,10366],{"class":61},[47,100697,66],{"class":65},[47,100699,69],{"class":61},[47,100701,72],{"class":65},[47,100703,69],{"class":61},[47,100705,77],{"class":65},[47,100707,9184],{"class":61},[47,100709,100710],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100711,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,100713,100714,100716,100718,100720,100722,100724,100726,100728],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,100715,2106],{"class":53},[47,100717,58],{"class":57},[47,100719,56771],{"class":53},[47,100721,30],{"class":61},[47,100723,2688],{"class":173},[47,100725,170],{"class":61},[47,100727,139],{"class":173},[47,100729,80],{"class":61},[47,100731,100732],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,100733,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,100735,100736,100738,100740,100742],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,100737,167],{"class":166},[47,100739,170],{"class":61},[47,100741,2141],{"class":173},[47,100743,80],{"class":61},[47,100745,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,100747,167],{"class":166},[47,100749,170],{"class":61},[47,100751,499],{"class":118},[47,100753,170],{"class":61},[47,100755,2141],{"class":173},[47,100757,506],{"class":61},[14,100759,215],{},[37,100761,100762],{"className":39,"code":99170,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,100763,100764,100770],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,100765,100766,100768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100767,6161],{"class":118},[47,100769,241],{"class":61},[47,100771,100772,100774,100776,100778,100780,100782],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100773,522],{"class":57},[47,100775,526],{"class":525},[47,100777,265],{"class":125},[47,100779,6161],{"class":129},[47,100781,256],{"class":125},[47,100783,536],{"class":57},[14,100785,100786,100787,18840,100789,100791,100792,100794],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[44,100788,3670],{},[44,100790,3665],{},". In Python, ",[44,100793,3665],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44799,100796],{},[32,100798,11353],{"id":11352},[14,100800,100801],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[37,100803,100805],{"className":39,"code":100804,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[44,100806,100807,100840,100873,100877,100897,100901,100911,100922],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,100808,100809,100812,100814,100816,100818,100820,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830,100832,100834,100836,100838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100810,100811],{"class":53},"fruits_a ",[47,100813,58],{"class":57},[47,100815,10366],{"class":61},[47,100817,126],{"class":125},[47,100819,405],{"class":129},[47,100821,126],{"class":125},[47,100823,69],{"class":61},[47,100825,136],{"class":125},[47,100827,3960],{"class":129},[47,100829,126],{"class":125},[47,100831,69],{"class":61},[47,100833,136],{"class":125},[47,100835,33100],{"class":129},[47,100837,126],{"class":125},[47,100839,9184],{"class":61},[47,100841,100842,100845,100847,100849,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863,100865,100867,100869,100871],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100843,100844],{"class":53},"fruits_b ",[47,100846,58],{"class":57},[47,100848,10366],{"class":61},[47,100850,126],{"class":125},[47,100852,3960],{"class":129},[47,100854,126],{"class":125},[47,100856,69],{"class":61},[47,100858,136],{"class":125},[47,100860,33100],{"class":129},[47,100862,126],{"class":125},[47,100864,69],{"class":61},[47,100866,136],{"class":125},[47,100868,22409],{"class":129},[47,100870,126],{"class":125},[47,100872,9184],{"class":61},[47,100874,100875],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100876,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,100878,100879,100881,100883,100886,100888,100890,100892,100895],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,100880,2106],{"class":53},[47,100882,58],{"class":57},[47,100884,100885],{"class":53}," fruits_a",[47,100887,30],{"class":61},[47,100889,2688],{"class":173},[47,100891,170],{"class":61},[47,100893,100894],{"class":173},"fruits_b",[47,100896,80],{"class":61},[47,100898,100899],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,100900,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,100902,100903,100905,100907,100909],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,100904,167],{"class":166},[47,100906,170],{"class":61},[47,100908,2141],{"class":173},[47,100910,80],{"class":61},[47,100912,100913,100915,100917,100920],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,100914,167],{"class":166},[47,100916,170],{"class":61},[47,100918,100919],{"class":173},"fruits_a",[47,100921,80],{"class":61},[47,100923,100924,100926,100928,100930],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,100925,167],{"class":166},[47,100927,170],{"class":61},[47,100929,100894],{"class":173},[47,100931,80],{"class":61},[14,100933,29907],{},[37,100935,100937],{"className":39,"code":100936,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[44,100938,100939,100951,100979],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,100940,100941,100943,100945,100947,100949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100942,9153],{"class":61},[47,100944,256],{"class":125},[47,100946,405],{"class":129},[47,100948,256],{"class":125},[47,100950,9184],{"class":61},[47,100952,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965,100967,100969,100971,100973,100975,100977],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100954,9153],{"class":61},[47,100956,256],{"class":125},[47,100958,3960],{"class":129},[47,100960,256],{"class":125},[47,100962,69],{"class":61},[47,100964,265],{"class":125},[47,100966,33100],{"class":129},[47,100968,256],{"class":125},[47,100970,69],{"class":61},[47,100972,265],{"class":125},[47,100974,405],{"class":129},[47,100976,256],{"class":125},[47,100978,9184],{"class":61},[47,100980,100981,100983,100985,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001,101003,101005],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100982,9153],{"class":61},[47,100984,256],{"class":125},[47,100986,3960],{"class":129},[47,100988,256],{"class":125},[47,100990,69],{"class":61},[47,100992,265],{"class":125},[47,100994,33100],{"class":129},[47,100996,256],{"class":125},[47,100998,69],{"class":61},[47,101000,265],{"class":125},[47,101002,22409],{"class":129},[47,101004,256],{"class":125},[47,101006,9184],{"class":61},[14,101008,11562],{},[291,101010,101011,101016,101021,101027],{},[294,101012,101013,101014],{},"Start with ",[44,101015,100919],{},[294,101017,101018,101019],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[44,101020,100894],{},[294,101022,101023,101024,101026],{},"Only ",[44,101025,57716],{}," remains",[294,101028,101029],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101031,101032],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44799,101034],{},[32,101036,8294,101038,101040],{"id":101037},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[44,101039,100296],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101042,101043,101044,30],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[44,101045,100296],{},[14,101047,101048],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[37,101050,101052],{"className":39,"code":101051,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[44,101053,101054,101086,101103,101116,101133,101137,101166],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101055,101056,101058,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074,101076,101078,101080,101082,101084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101057,54],{"class":53},[47,101059,58],{"class":57},[47,101061,10366],{"class":61},[47,101063,66],{"class":65},[47,101065,69],{"class":61},[47,101067,72],{"class":65},[47,101069,69],{"class":61},[47,101071,77],{"class":65},[47,101073,69],{"class":61},[47,101075,2333],{"class":65},[47,101077,69],{"class":61},[47,101079,4480],{"class":65},[47,101081,69],{"class":61},[47,101083,37525],{"class":65},[47,101085,9184],{"class":61},[47,101087,101088,101091,101093,101095,101097,101099,101101],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101089,101090],{"class":53},"group_a ",[47,101092,58],{"class":57},[47,101094,10366],{"class":61},[47,101096,1931],{"class":65},[47,101098,69],{"class":61},[47,101100,2333],{"class":65},[47,101102,9184],{"class":61},[47,101104,101105,101108,101110,101112,101114],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101106,101107],{"class":53},"group_b ",[47,101109,58],{"class":57},[47,101111,10366],{"class":61},[47,101113,104],{"class":65},[47,101115,9184],{"class":61},[47,101117,101118,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101119,101120],{"class":53},"group_c ",[47,101122,58],{"class":57},[47,101124,10366],{"class":61},[47,101126,80473],{"class":65},[47,101128,69],{"class":61},[47,101130,5868],{"class":65},[47,101132,9184],{"class":61},[47,101134,101135],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,101136,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,101138,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151,101154,101156,101159,101161,101164],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,101140,2106],{"class":53},[47,101142,58],{"class":57},[47,101144,4136],{"class":53},[47,101146,30],{"class":61},[47,101148,2688],{"class":173},[47,101150,170],{"class":61},[47,101152,101153],{"class":173},"group_a",[47,101155,69],{"class":61},[47,101157,101158],{"class":173}," group_b",[47,101160,69],{"class":61},[47,101162,101163],{"class":173}," group_c",[47,101165,80],{"class":61},[47,101167,101168,101170,101172,101174],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,101169,167],{"class":166},[47,101171,170],{"class":61},[47,101173,2141],{"class":173},[47,101175,80],{"class":61},[14,101177,215],{},[37,101179,101181],{"className":39,"code":101180,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 3}\n",[44,101182,101183],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101184,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101186,9153],{"class":61},[47,101188,66],{"class":65},[47,101190,69],{"class":61},[47,101192,77],{"class":65},[47,101194,9184],{"class":61},[14,101196,101197],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44799,101199],{},[32,101201,101203,10461,101205],{"id":101202},"difference-vs-difference_update",[44,101204,100296],{},[44,101206,101207],{},"difference_update()",[14,101209,101210],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[773,101212,101213],{"id":2688},[44,101214,100296],{},[291,101216,101217,101220],{},[294,101218,101219],{},"Returns a new set",[294,101221,101222],{},"Does not change the original set",[37,101224,101226],{"className":39,"code":101225,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[44,101227,101228,101252,101268,101272,101290,101294,101304],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101229,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244,101246,101248,101250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101231,2430],{"class":53},[47,101233,58],{"class":57},[47,101235,10366],{"class":61},[47,101237,66],{"class":65},[47,101239,69],{"class":61},[47,101241,72],{"class":65},[47,101243,69],{"class":61},[47,101245,77],{"class":65},[47,101247,69],{"class":61},[47,101249,2333],{"class":65},[47,101251,9184],{"class":61},[47,101253,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262,101264,101266],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101255,2458],{"class":53},[47,101257,58],{"class":57},[47,101259,10366],{"class":61},[47,101261,1937],{"class":65},[47,101263,69],{"class":61},[47,101265,2333],{"class":65},[47,101267,9184],{"class":61},[47,101269,101270],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101271,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,101273,101274,101276,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101275,2106],{"class":53},[47,101277,58],{"class":57},[47,101279,56771],{"class":53},[47,101281,30],{"class":61},[47,101283,2688],{"class":173},[47,101285,170],{"class":61},[47,101287,139],{"class":173},[47,101289,80],{"class":61},[47,101291,101292],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,101293,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,101295,101296,101298,101300,101302],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,101297,167],{"class":166},[47,101299,170],{"class":61},[47,101301,2141],{"class":173},[47,101303,80],{"class":61},[47,101305,101306,101308,101310,101312],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,101307,167],{"class":166},[47,101309,170],{"class":61},[47,101311,21],{"class":173},[47,101313,80],{"class":61},[14,101315,215],{},[37,101317,101319],{"className":39,"code":101318,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[44,101320,101321,101333],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101322,101323,101325,101327,101329,101331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101324,9153],{"class":61},[47,101326,66],{"class":65},[47,101328,69],{"class":61},[47,101330,72],{"class":65},[47,101332,9184],{"class":61},[47,101334,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347,101349,101351],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101336,9153],{"class":61},[47,101338,66],{"class":65},[47,101340,69],{"class":61},[47,101342,72],{"class":65},[47,101344,69],{"class":61},[47,101346,77],{"class":65},[47,101348,69],{"class":61},[47,101350,2333],{"class":65},[47,101352,9184],{"class":61},[773,101354,101356],{"id":101355},"difference_update",[44,101357,101207],{},[291,101359,101360,101363],{},[294,101361,101362],{},"Changes the original set",[294,101364,96200],{},[37,101366,101368],{"className":39,"code":101367,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[44,101369,101370,101394,101410,101414,101428,101432],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101371,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386,101388,101390,101392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101373,2430],{"class":53},[47,101375,58],{"class":57},[47,101377,10366],{"class":61},[47,101379,66],{"class":65},[47,101381,69],{"class":61},[47,101383,72],{"class":65},[47,101385,69],{"class":61},[47,101387,77],{"class":65},[47,101389,69],{"class":61},[47,101391,2333],{"class":65},[47,101393,9184],{"class":61},[47,101395,101396,101398,101400,101402,101404,101406,101408],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101397,2458],{"class":53},[47,101399,58],{"class":57},[47,101401,10366],{"class":61},[47,101403,1937],{"class":65},[47,101405,69],{"class":61},[47,101407,2333],{"class":65},[47,101409,9184],{"class":61},[47,101411,101412],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101413,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,101415,101416,101418,101420,101422,101424,101426],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101417,21],{"class":53},[47,101419,30],{"class":61},[47,101421,101355],{"class":173},[47,101423,170],{"class":61},[47,101425,139],{"class":173},[47,101427,80],{"class":61},[47,101429,101430],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,101431,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,101433,101434,101436,101438,101440],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,101435,167],{"class":166},[47,101437,170],{"class":61},[47,101439,21],{"class":173},[47,101441,80],{"class":61},[14,101443,215],{},[37,101445,101446],{"className":39,"code":100389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,101447,101448],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101449,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101451,9153],{"class":61},[47,101453,66],{"class":65},[47,101455,69],{"class":61},[47,101457,72],{"class":65},[47,101459,9184],{"class":61},[14,101461,1967,101462,101464],{},[44,101463,100296],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101466,101467,101468,33480],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[44,101469,101207],{},[44799,101471],{},[32,101473,101475,101477,101478,101480],{"id":101474},"difference-vs-the-operator",[44,101476,100296],{}," vs the ",[44,101479,1896],{}," operator",[14,101482,1854,101483,101485,101486,101488],{},[44,101484,1896],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[44,101487,100296],{}," for two sets.",[37,101490,101492],{"className":39,"code":101491,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[44,101493,101494,101518,101534,101538,101556],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101495,101496,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506,101508,101510,101512,101514,101516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101497,2430],{"class":53},[47,101499,58],{"class":57},[47,101501,10366],{"class":61},[47,101503,66],{"class":65},[47,101505,69],{"class":61},[47,101507,72],{"class":65},[47,101509,69],{"class":61},[47,101511,77],{"class":65},[47,101513,69],{"class":61},[47,101515,2333],{"class":65},[47,101517,9184],{"class":61},[47,101519,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101521,2458],{"class":53},[47,101523,58],{"class":57},[47,101525,10366],{"class":61},[47,101527,1937],{"class":65},[47,101529,69],{"class":61},[47,101531,2333],{"class":65},[47,101533,9184],{"class":61},[47,101535,101536],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101537,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,101539,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101541,167],{"class":166},[47,101543,170],{"class":61},[47,101545,21],{"class":173},[47,101547,30],{"class":61},[47,101549,2688],{"class":173},[47,101551,170],{"class":61},[47,101553,139],{"class":173},[47,101555,506],{"class":61},[47,101557,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,101559,167],{"class":166},[47,101561,170],{"class":61},[47,101563,2430],{"class":173},[47,101565,1896],{"class":57},[47,101567,2435],{"class":173},[47,101569,80],{"class":61},[14,101571,215],{},[37,101573,101575],{"className":39,"code":101574,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[44,101576,101577,101589],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101578,101579,101581,101583,101585,101587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101580,9153],{"class":61},[47,101582,66],{"class":65},[47,101584,69],{"class":61},[47,101586,72],{"class":65},[47,101588,9184],{"class":61},[47,101590,101591,101593,101595,101597,101599],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101592,9153],{"class":61},[47,101594,66],{"class":65},[47,101596,69],{"class":61},[47,101598,72],{"class":65},[47,101600,9184],{"class":61},[14,101602,101603],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101605,94470,101606,2368],{},[44,101607,100296],{},[291,101609,101610,101613,101616],{},[294,101611,101612],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[294,101614,101615],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[294,101617,101618],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101620,101621],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[37,101623,101625],{"className":39,"code":101624,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[44,101626,101627,101655,101667,101679,101683],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101628,101629,101631,101633,101635,101637,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651,101653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101630,2430],{"class":53},[47,101632,58],{"class":57},[47,101634,10366],{"class":61},[47,101636,66],{"class":65},[47,101638,69],{"class":61},[47,101640,72],{"class":65},[47,101642,69],{"class":61},[47,101644,77],{"class":65},[47,101646,69],{"class":61},[47,101648,2333],{"class":65},[47,101650,69],{"class":61},[47,101652,4480],{"class":65},[47,101654,9184],{"class":61},[47,101656,101657,101659,101661,101663,101665],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101658,2458],{"class":53},[47,101660,58],{"class":57},[47,101662,10366],{"class":61},[47,101664,1931],{"class":65},[47,101666,9184],{"class":61},[47,101668,101669,101671,101673,101675,101677],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101670,83065],{"class":53},[47,101672,58],{"class":57},[47,101674,10366],{"class":61},[47,101676,1210],{"class":65},[47,101678,9184],{"class":61},[47,101680,101681],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101682,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,101684,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693,101695,101697,101699,101701,101703],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,101686,167],{"class":166},[47,101688,170],{"class":61},[47,101690,21],{"class":173},[47,101692,30],{"class":61},[47,101694,2688],{"class":173},[47,101696,170],{"class":61},[47,101698,139],{"class":173},[47,101700,69],{"class":61},[47,101702,9557],{"class":173},[47,101704,506],{"class":61},[14,101706,215],{},[37,101708,101710],{"className":39,"code":101709,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[44,101711,101712],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101713,101714,101716,101718,101720,101722,101724,101726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101715,9153],{"class":61},[47,101717,66],{"class":65},[47,101719,69],{"class":61},[47,101721,77],{"class":65},[47,101723,69],{"class":61},[47,101725,4480],{"class":65},[47,101727,9184],{"class":61},[14,101729,101730,101731,101733],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[44,101732,1896],{}," operator expression.",[44799,101735],{},[32,101737,4393],{"id":4392},[14,101739,21087,101740,30],{},[44,101741,100296],{},[773,101743,101745],{"id":101744},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101747,4503,101748,101750,101751,2760],{},[575,101749,577],{}," change ",[44,101752,21],{},[37,101754,101756],{"className":39,"code":101755,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[44,101757,101758,101778,101790,101794,101808],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101759,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101761,2430],{"class":53},[47,101763,58],{"class":57},[47,101765,10366],{"class":61},[47,101767,66],{"class":65},[47,101769,69],{"class":61},[47,101771,72],{"class":65},[47,101773,69],{"class":61},[47,101775,77],{"class":65},[47,101777,9184],{"class":61},[47,101779,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101781,2458],{"class":53},[47,101783,58],{"class":57},[47,101785,10366],{"class":61},[47,101787,1937],{"class":65},[47,101789,9184],{"class":61},[47,101791,101792],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101793,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,101795,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101797,21],{"class":53},[47,101799,30],{"class":61},[47,101801,2688],{"class":173},[47,101803,170],{"class":61},[47,101805,139],{"class":173},[47,101807,80],{"class":61},[47,101809,101810,101812,101814,101816],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,101811,167],{"class":166},[47,101813,170],{"class":61},[47,101815,21],{"class":173},[47,101817,80],{"class":61},[14,101819,215],{},[37,101821,101822],{"className":39,"code":96489,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,101823,101824],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101825,101826,101828,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101827,9153],{"class":61},[47,101829,66],{"class":65},[47,101831,69],{"class":61},[47,101833,72],{"class":65},[47,101835,69],{"class":61},[47,101837,77],{"class":65},[47,101839,9184],{"class":61},[14,101841,101842],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[37,101844,101846],{"className":39,"code":101845,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[44,101847,101848,101868,101880,101884,101902],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101849,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101851,2430],{"class":53},[47,101853,58],{"class":57},[47,101855,10366],{"class":61},[47,101857,66],{"class":65},[47,101859,69],{"class":61},[47,101861,72],{"class":65},[47,101863,69],{"class":61},[47,101865,77],{"class":65},[47,101867,9184],{"class":61},[47,101869,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101871,2458],{"class":53},[47,101873,58],{"class":57},[47,101875,10366],{"class":61},[47,101877,1937],{"class":65},[47,101879,9184],{"class":61},[47,101881,101882],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101883,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,101885,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101887,2430],{"class":53},[47,101889,58],{"class":57},[47,101891,56771],{"class":53},[47,101893,30],{"class":61},[47,101895,2688],{"class":173},[47,101897,170],{"class":61},[47,101899,139],{"class":173},[47,101901,80],{"class":61},[47,101903,101904,101906,101908,101910],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,101905,167],{"class":166},[47,101907,170],{"class":61},[47,101909,21],{"class":173},[47,101911,80],{"class":61},[14,101913,215],{},[37,101915,101916],{"className":39,"code":100389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,101917,101918],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101919,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101921,9153],{"class":61},[47,101923,66],{"class":65},[47,101925,69],{"class":61},[47,101927,72],{"class":65},[47,101929,9184],{"class":61},[773,101931,101933],{"id":101932},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,101935,101936,101939],{},[44,101937,101938],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[291,101941,101942,101947],{},[294,101943,101944,101945],{},"keep items from ",[44,101946,21],{},[294,101948,101949,101950],{},"remove anything also in ",[44,101951,139],{},[14,101953,40787,101954,101956,101957,101959],{},[575,101955,577],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[44,101958,139],{},"”.",[14,101961,2083],{},[37,101963,101965],{"className":39,"code":101964,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[44,101966,101967,101987,102007,102011,102029],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,101968,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981,101983,101985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101970,2430],{"class":53},[47,101972,58],{"class":57},[47,101974,10366],{"class":61},[47,101976,66],{"class":65},[47,101978,69],{"class":61},[47,101980,72],{"class":65},[47,101982,69],{"class":61},[47,101984,77],{"class":65},[47,101986,9184],{"class":61},[47,101988,101989,101991,101993,101995,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101990,2458],{"class":53},[47,101992,58],{"class":57},[47,101994,10366],{"class":61},[47,101996,1937],{"class":65},[47,101998,69],{"class":61},[47,102000,2333],{"class":65},[47,102002,69],{"class":61},[47,102004,4480],{"class":65},[47,102006,9184],{"class":61},[47,102008,102009],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102010,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,102012,102013,102015,102017,102019,102021,102023,102025,102027],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,102014,167],{"class":166},[47,102016,170],{"class":61},[47,102018,21],{"class":173},[47,102020,30],{"class":61},[47,102022,2688],{"class":173},[47,102024,170],{"class":61},[47,102026,139],{"class":173},[47,102028,506],{"class":61},[47,102030,102031,102033,102035,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,102032,167],{"class":166},[47,102034,170],{"class":61},[47,102036,139],{"class":173},[47,102038,30],{"class":61},[47,102040,2688],{"class":173},[47,102042,170],{"class":61},[47,102044,21],{"class":173},[47,102046,506],{"class":61},[14,102048,215],{},[37,102050,102052],{"className":39,"code":102051,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[44,102053,102054,102066],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,102055,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102057,9153],{"class":61},[47,102059,66],{"class":65},[47,102061,69],{"class":61},[47,102063,72],{"class":65},[47,102065,9184],{"class":61},[47,102067,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102069,9153],{"class":61},[47,102071,1210],{"class":65},[47,102073,69],{"class":61},[47,102075,4480],{"class":65},[47,102077,9184],{"class":61},[14,102079,102080],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[773,102082,102084],{"id":102083},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102086,102087,102089],{},[44,102088,100296],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102091,55204],{},[37,102093,102095],{"className":39,"code":102094,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[44,102096,102097,102117,102133,102137],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,102098,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113,102115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102100,2430],{"class":53},[47,102102,58],{"class":57},[47,102104,957],{"class":61},[47,102106,66],{"class":65},[47,102108,69],{"class":61},[47,102110,72],{"class":65},[47,102112,69],{"class":61},[47,102114,77],{"class":65},[47,102116,1402],{"class":61},[47,102118,102119,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102120,2458],{"class":53},[47,102122,58],{"class":57},[47,102124,957],{"class":61},[47,102126,1937],{"class":65},[47,102128,69],{"class":61},[47,102130,2333],{"class":65},[47,102132,1402],{"class":61},[47,102134,102135],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102136,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,102138,102139],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,102140,102141],{"class":1494},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102143,102144],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[37,102146,102148],{"className":39,"code":102147,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[44,102149,102150,102170,102186,102190,102216],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,102151,102152,102154,102156,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102153,2430],{"class":53},[47,102155,58],{"class":57},[47,102157,957],{"class":61},[47,102159,66],{"class":65},[47,102161,69],{"class":61},[47,102163,72],{"class":65},[47,102165,69],{"class":61},[47,102167,77],{"class":65},[47,102169,1402],{"class":61},[47,102171,102172,102174,102176,102178,102180,102182,102184],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102173,2458],{"class":53},[47,102175,58],{"class":57},[47,102177,957],{"class":61},[47,102179,1937],{"class":65},[47,102181,69],{"class":61},[47,102183,2333],{"class":65},[47,102185,1402],{"class":61},[47,102187,102188],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102189,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,102191,102192,102194,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212,102214],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,102193,2106],{"class":53},[47,102195,58],{"class":57},[47,102197,15511],{"class":118},[47,102199,170],{"class":61},[47,102201,21],{"class":173},[47,102203,8509],{"class":61},[47,102205,2688],{"class":173},[47,102207,170],{"class":61},[47,102209,6161],{"class":118},[47,102211,170],{"class":61},[47,102213,139],{"class":173},[47,102215,506],{"class":61},[47,102217,102218,102220,102222,102224],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,102219,167],{"class":166},[47,102221,170],{"class":61},[47,102223,2141],{"class":173},[47,102225,80],{"class":61},[14,102227,215],{},[37,102229,102230],{"className":39,"code":100389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,102231,102232],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,102233,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102235,9153],{"class":61},[47,102237,66],{"class":65},[47,102239,69],{"class":61},[47,102241,72],{"class":65},[47,102243,9184],{"class":61},[773,102245,102247],{"id":102246},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102249,102250],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[37,102252,102254],{"className":39,"code":102253,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[44,102255,102256,102288,102304,102308],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,102257,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284,102286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102259,2430],{"class":53},[47,102261,58],{"class":57},[47,102263,10366],{"class":61},[47,102265,126],{"class":125},[47,102267,36929],{"class":129},[47,102269,126],{"class":125},[47,102271,69],{"class":61},[47,102273,136],{"class":125},[47,102275,58010],{"class":129},[47,102277,126],{"class":125},[47,102279,69],{"class":61},[47,102281,136],{"class":125},[47,102283,58027],{"class":129},[47,102285,126],{"class":125},[47,102287,9184],{"class":61},[47,102289,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102291,2458],{"class":53},[47,102293,58],{"class":57},[47,102295,10366],{"class":61},[47,102297,126],{"class":125},[47,102299,58010],{"class":129},[47,102301,126],{"class":125},[47,102303,9184],{"class":61},[47,102305,102306],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102307,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,102309,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,102311,167],{"class":166},[47,102313,170],{"class":61},[47,102315,21],{"class":173},[47,102317,30],{"class":61},[47,102319,2688],{"class":173},[47,102321,170],{"class":61},[47,102323,139],{"class":173},[47,102325,506],{"class":61},[14,102327,102328],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[773,102330,102332],{"id":102331},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102334,102335],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[37,102337,102339],{"className":39,"code":102338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[44,102340,102341,102369,102381,102385,102395],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,102342,102343,102345,102347,102349,102351,102353,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102344,2430],{"class":53},[47,102346,58],{"class":57},[47,102348,10366],{"class":61},[47,102350,66],{"class":65},[47,102352,69],{"class":61},[47,102354,1242],{"class":65},[47,102356,69],{"class":61},[47,102358,72],{"class":65},[47,102360,69],{"class":61},[47,102362,72],{"class":65},[47,102364,69],{"class":61},[47,102366,77],{"class":65},[47,102368,9184],{"class":61},[47,102370,102371,102373,102375,102377,102379],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102372,2458],{"class":53},[47,102374,58],{"class":57},[47,102376,10366],{"class":61},[47,102378,1937],{"class":65},[47,102380,9184],{"class":61},[47,102382,102383],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102384,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,102386,102387,102389,102391,102393],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,102388,167],{"class":166},[47,102390,170],{"class":61},[47,102392,21],{"class":173},[47,102394,80],{"class":61},[47,102396,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405,102407,102409,102411],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,102398,167],{"class":166},[47,102400,170],{"class":61},[47,102402,21],{"class":173},[47,102404,30],{"class":61},[47,102406,2688],{"class":173},[47,102408,170],{"class":61},[47,102410,139],{"class":173},[47,102412,506],{"class":61},[14,102414,215],{},[37,102416,102418],{"className":39,"code":102417,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[44,102419,102420,102436],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,102421,102422,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432,102434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102423,9153],{"class":61},[47,102425,66],{"class":65},[47,102427,69],{"class":61},[47,102429,72],{"class":65},[47,102431,69],{"class":61},[47,102433,77],{"class":65},[47,102435,9184],{"class":61},[47,102437,102438,102440,102442,102444,102446],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102439,9153],{"class":61},[47,102441,66],{"class":65},[47,102443,69],{"class":61},[47,102445,72],{"class":65},[47,102447,9184],{"class":61},[14,102449,102450,102451,102453],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[44,102452,100296],{}," runs.",[773,102455,102457],{"id":102456},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102459,102460],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[37,102462,102464],{"className":39,"code":102463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[44,102465,102466,102490,102510,102514,102524,102534,102552,102574],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,102467,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102469,2430],{"class":53},[47,102471,58],{"class":57},[47,102473,10366],{"class":61},[47,102475,66],{"class":65},[47,102477,69],{"class":61},[47,102479,72],{"class":65},[47,102481,69],{"class":61},[47,102483,77],{"class":65},[47,102485,69],{"class":61},[47,102487,2333],{"class":65},[47,102489,9184],{"class":61},[47,102491,102492,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502,102504,102506,102508],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102493,2458],{"class":53},[47,102495,58],{"class":57},[47,102497,10366],{"class":61},[47,102499,1937],{"class":65},[47,102501,69],{"class":61},[47,102503,2333],{"class":65},[47,102505,69],{"class":61},[47,102507,4480],{"class":65},[47,102509,9184],{"class":61},[47,102511,102512],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102513,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,102515,102516,102518,102520,102522],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,102517,167],{"class":166},[47,102519,170],{"class":61},[47,102521,21],{"class":173},[47,102523,80],{"class":61},[47,102525,102526,102528,102530,102532],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,102527,167],{"class":166},[47,102529,170],{"class":61},[47,102531,139],{"class":173},[47,102533,80],{"class":61},[47,102535,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,102537,167],{"class":166},[47,102539,170],{"class":61},[47,102541,21],{"class":173},[47,102543,30],{"class":61},[47,102545,2688],{"class":173},[47,102547,170],{"class":61},[47,102549,139],{"class":173},[47,102551,506],{"class":61},[47,102553,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568,102570,102572],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,102555,167],{"class":166},[47,102557,170],{"class":61},[47,102559,499],{"class":118},[47,102561,170],{"class":61},[47,102563,21],{"class":173},[47,102565,30],{"class":61},[47,102567,2688],{"class":173},[47,102569,170],{"class":61},[47,102571,139],{"class":173},[47,102573,2788],{"class":61},[47,102575,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,102577,167],{"class":166},[47,102579,170],{"class":61},[47,102581,1698],{"class":166},[47,102583,170],{"class":61},[47,102585,21],{"class":173},[47,102587,30],{"class":61},[47,102589,2688],{"class":173},[47,102591,170],{"class":61},[47,102593,139],{"class":173},[47,102595,2788],{"class":61},[14,102597,11047],{},[291,102599,102600,102603,102606,102609],{},[294,102601,102602],{},"what is in each set",[294,102604,102605],{},"what result Python creates",[294,102607,102608],{},"that the result is a set",[294,102610,102611],{},"how many items remain",[44799,102613],{},[32,102615,1708],{"id":1707},[773,102617,12584,102619,102621],{"id":102618},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[44,102620,100296],{}," change the original set?",[14,102623,102624],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[773,102626,5054,102628,4267,102630,2368],{"id":102627},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[44,102629,100296],{},[44,102631,101207],{},[14,102633,102634,102636,102637,102639],{},[44,102635,100296],{}," returns a new set. ",[44,102638,101207],{}," modifies the original set.",[773,102641,28206,102643,102645],{"id":102642},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[44,102644,100296],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102647,102648],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[773,102650,102652],{"id":102651},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102654,102655],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44799,102657],{},[32,102659,1758],{"id":1757},[291,102661,102662,102666,102674],{},[294,102663,102664],{},[21,102665,96210],{"href":97381},[294,102667,102668],{},[21,102669,96696,102671,10617],{"href":102670},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[44,102672,102673],{},"intersection()",[294,102675,102676],{},[21,102677,96696,102679,10617],{"href":102678},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[44,102680,102681],{},"union()",[1796,102683,102684],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":102686},[102687,102688,102690,102691,102692,102693,102695,102700,102702,102710,102719],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":100418,"depth":83,"text":102689},"What difference() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":101037,"depth":83,"text":102694},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101202,"depth":83,"text":102696,"children":102697},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102698,102699],{"id":2688,"depth":94,"text":100296},{"id":101355,"depth":94,"text":101207},{"id":101474,"depth":83,"text":102701},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":102703},[102704,102705,102706,102707,102708,102709],{"id":101744,"depth":94,"text":101745},{"id":101932,"depth":94,"text":101933},{"id":102083,"depth":94,"text":102084},{"id":102246,"depth":94,"text":102247},{"id":102331,"depth":94,"text":102332},{"id":102456,"depth":94,"text":102457},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":102711},[102712,102714,102716,102718],{"id":102618,"depth":94,"text":102713},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102627,"depth":94,"text":102715},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102642,"depth":94,"text":102717},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102651,"depth":94,"text":102652},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100288,"description":102720},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102727,"title":102728,"body":102729,"description":104424,"extension":1837,"meta":104425,"navigation":159,"path":104426,"seo":104427,"stem":104428,"__hash__":104429},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102730,"toc":104386},[102731,102737,102743,102756,102758,102859,102861,102906,102911,102916,102920,102934,102937,102945,102947,102966,102984,102988,103041,103043,103064,103071,103076,103103,103110,103209,103211,103248,103256,103260,103266,103269,103342,103344,103352,103357,103426,103428,103453,103455,103458,103561,103563,103624,103627,103631,103637,103710,103712,103745,103748,103751,103791,103797,103820,103825,103829,103840,103843,103845,103849,103855,103857,103914,103924,103926,103979,103986,103991,104059,104067,104073,104077,104079,104118,104123,104172,104176,104179,104181,104220,104223,104225,104230,104287,104289,104303,104305,104309,104315,104320,104325,104332,104343,104349,104354,104356,104383],[10,102732,96082,102734,11199],{"id":102733},"python-set-discard-method",[44,102735,102736],{},"discard()",[14,102738,102739,102742],{},[44,102740,102741],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102744,102745,102746,2064,102751,13932,102753,102755],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[21,102747,102748],{"href":98091},[44,102749,102750],{},"set.remove()",[44,102752,102736],{},[575,102754,577],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[32,102757,35],{"id":34},[37,102759,102761],{"className":39,"code":102760,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[44,102762,102763,102795,102814,102824,102828,102849],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,102764,102765,102767,102769,102771,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787,102789,102791,102793],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102766,823],{"class":53},[47,102768,58],{"class":57},[47,102770,10366],{"class":61},[47,102772,126],{"class":125},[47,102774,832],{"class":129},[47,102776,126],{"class":125},[47,102778,69],{"class":61},[47,102780,136],{"class":125},[47,102782,850],{"class":129},[47,102784,126],{"class":125},[47,102786,69],{"class":61},[47,102788,136],{"class":125},[47,102790,841],{"class":129},[47,102792,126],{"class":125},[47,102794,9184],{"class":61},[47,102796,102797,102799,102801,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102798,863],{"class":53},[47,102800,30],{"class":61},[47,102802,102803],{"class":173},"discard",[47,102805,170],{"class":61},[47,102807,126],{"class":125},[47,102809,850],{"class":129},[47,102811,126],{"class":125},[47,102813,80],{"class":61},[47,102815,102816,102818,102820,102822],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102817,167],{"class":166},[47,102819,170],{"class":61},[47,102821,863],{"class":173},[47,102823,80],{"class":61},[47,102825,102826],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,102827,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,102829,102830,102832,102834,102836,102838,102840,102842,102844,102846],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,102831,863],{"class":53},[47,102833,30],{"class":61},[47,102835,102803],{"class":173},[47,102837,170],{"class":61},[47,102839,126],{"class":125},[47,102841,22400],{"class":129},[47,102843,126],{"class":125},[47,102845,3533],{"class":61},[47,102847,102848],{"class":1494},"  # no error if missing\n",[47,102850,102851,102853,102855,102857],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,102852,167],{"class":166},[47,102854,170],{"class":61},[47,102856,863],{"class":173},[47,102858,80],{"class":61},[14,102860,29907],{},[37,102862,102864],{"className":39,"code":102863,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[44,102865,102866,102886],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,102867,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102869,9153],{"class":61},[47,102871,256],{"class":125},[47,102873,832],{"class":129},[47,102875,256],{"class":125},[47,102877,69],{"class":61},[47,102879,265],{"class":125},[47,102881,841],{"class":129},[47,102883,256],{"class":125},[47,102885,9184],{"class":61},[47,102887,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898,102900,102902,102904],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102889,9153],{"class":61},[47,102891,256],{"class":125},[47,102893,832],{"class":129},[47,102895,256],{"class":125},[47,102897,69],{"class":61},[47,102899,265],{"class":125},[47,102901,841],{"class":129},[47,102903,256],{"class":125},[47,102905,9184],{"class":61},[14,102907,1967,102908,102910],{},[44,102909,102736],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[32,102912,3550,102914,3553],{"id":102913},"what-setdiscard-does",[44,102915,102741],{},[14,102917,102918,2760],{},[44,102919,102736],{},[291,102921,102922,102925,102928,102930],{},[294,102923,102924],{},"Removes one item from a set",[294,102926,102927],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[294,102929,96197],{},[294,102931,11301,102932],{},[44,102933,3652],{},[14,102935,102936],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,102938,96206,102939,25,102942,30],{},[21,102940,102941],{"href":98673},"what a set is in Python",[21,102943,102944],{"href":97765},"how to create a set",[32,102946,2032],{"id":2031},[37,102948,102950],{"className":39,"code":102949,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[44,102951,102952],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,102953,102954,102956,102958,102960,102962,102964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102955,15544],{"class":53},[47,102957,30],{"class":61},[47,102959,102803],{"class":173},[47,102961,170],{"class":61},[47,102963,605],{"class":173},[47,102965,80],{"class":61},[291,102967,102968,102973,102978,102981],{},[294,102969,102970,102972],{},[44,102971,15544],{}," is the set you want to change",[294,102974,102975,102977],{},[44,102976,605],{}," is the item you want to remove",[294,102979,102980],{},"The set must already exist",[294,102982,102983],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[773,102985,102987],{"id":102986},"example","Example",[37,102989,102991],{"className":39,"code":102990,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,102992,102993,103017,103031],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,102994,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007,103009,103011,103013,103015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102996,54],{"class":53},[47,102998,58],{"class":57},[47,103000,10366],{"class":61},[47,103002,66],{"class":65},[47,103004,69],{"class":61},[47,103006,72],{"class":65},[47,103008,69],{"class":61},[47,103010,77],{"class":65},[47,103012,69],{"class":61},[47,103014,2333],{"class":65},[47,103016,9184],{"class":61},[47,103018,103019,103021,103023,103025,103027,103029],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103020,174],{"class":53},[47,103022,30],{"class":61},[47,103024,102803],{"class":173},[47,103026,170],{"class":61},[47,103028,1937],{"class":65},[47,103030,80],{"class":61},[47,103032,103033,103035,103037,103039],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103034,167],{"class":166},[47,103036,170],{"class":61},[47,103038,174],{"class":173},[47,103040,80],{"class":61},[14,103042,215],{},[37,103044,103046],{"className":39,"code":103045,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[44,103047,103048],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103049,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103051,9153],{"class":61},[47,103053,66],{"class":65},[47,103055,69],{"class":61},[47,103057,72],{"class":65},[47,103059,69],{"class":61},[47,103061,2333],{"class":65},[47,103063,9184],{"class":61},[32,103065,103067,103068,103070],{"id":103066},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[44,103069,102736],{}," different",[14,103072,103073,103075],{},[44,103074,102736],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[291,103077,103078,103091,103100],{},[294,103079,103080,103081,2064,103085,103087,103088,103090],{},"Unlike ",[21,103082,103083],{"href":98091},[44,103084,55414],{},[44,103086,102736],{}," does not raise ",[44,103089,19564],{}," when the item is missing",[294,103092,103080,103093,2064,103097,103099],{},[21,103094,103095],{"href":98096},[44,103096,12642],{},[44,103098,102736],{}," removes a specific item",[294,103101,103102],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[773,103104,103106,10461,103108],{"id":103105},"discard-vs-remove",[44,103107,102736],{},[44,103109,55414],{},[37,103111,103113],{"className":39,"code":103112,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[44,103114,103115,103139,103143,103164,103174,103178,103199],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103116,103117,103119,103121,103123,103125,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103118,7654],{"class":53},[47,103120,58],{"class":57},[47,103122,10366],{"class":61},[47,103124,126],{"class":125},[47,103126,405],{"class":129},[47,103128,126],{"class":125},[47,103130,69],{"class":61},[47,103132,136],{"class":125},[47,103134,3960],{"class":129},[47,103136,126],{"class":125},[47,103138,9184],{"class":61},[47,103140,103141],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103142,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,103144,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103146,7684],{"class":53},[47,103148,30],{"class":61},[47,103150,102803],{"class":173},[47,103152,170],{"class":61},[47,103154,126],{"class":125},[47,103156,33100],{"class":129},[47,103158,126],{"class":125},[47,103160,3533],{"class":61},[47,103162,103163],{"class":1494},"   # no error\n",[47,103165,103166,103168,103170,103172],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,103167,167],{"class":166},[47,103169,170],{"class":61},[47,103171,7684],{"class":173},[47,103173,80],{"class":61},[47,103175,103176],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,103177,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,103179,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194,103196],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,103181,7684],{"class":53},[47,103183,30],{"class":61},[47,103185,34675],{"class":173},[47,103187,170],{"class":61},[47,103189,126],{"class":125},[47,103191,3960],{"class":129},[47,103193,126],{"class":125},[47,103195,3533],{"class":61},[47,103197,103198],{"class":1494},"    # removes existing item\n",[47,103200,103201,103203,103205,103207],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,103202,167],{"class":166},[47,103204,170],{"class":61},[47,103206,7684],{"class":173},[47,103208,80],{"class":61},[14,103210,215],{},[37,103212,103214],{"className":39,"code":103213,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[44,103215,103216,103236],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103217,103218,103220,103222,103224,103226,103228,103230,103232,103234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103219,9153],{"class":61},[47,103221,256],{"class":125},[47,103223,405],{"class":129},[47,103225,256],{"class":125},[47,103227,69],{"class":61},[47,103229,265],{"class":125},[47,103231,3960],{"class":129},[47,103233,256],{"class":125},[47,103235,9184],{"class":61},[47,103237,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103239,9153],{"class":61},[47,103241,256],{"class":125},[47,103243,405],{"class":129},[47,103245,256],{"class":125},[47,103247,9184],{"class":61},[14,103249,40224,103250,103252,103253,103255],{},[44,103251,55414],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[21,103254,10952],{"href":10951}," for more help with that case.",[32,103257,103259],{"id":103258},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103261,103262,2274,103264,30],{},[44,103263,102736],{},[44,103265,3652],{},[14,103267,103268],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[37,103270,103272],{"className":39,"code":103271,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,103273,103274,103306,103328,103332],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103275,103276,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103277,823],{"class":53},[47,103279,58],{"class":57},[47,103281,10366],{"class":61},[47,103283,126],{"class":125},[47,103285,832],{"class":129},[47,103287,126],{"class":125},[47,103289,69],{"class":61},[47,103291,136],{"class":125},[47,103293,850],{"class":129},[47,103295,126],{"class":125},[47,103297,69],{"class":61},[47,103299,136],{"class":125},[47,103301,841],{"class":129},[47,103303,126],{"class":125},[47,103305,9184],{"class":61},[47,103307,103308,103310,103312,103314,103316,103318,103320,103322,103324,103326],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103309,2106],{"class":53},[47,103311,58],{"class":57},[47,103313,13001],{"class":53},[47,103315,30],{"class":61},[47,103317,102803],{"class":173},[47,103319,170],{"class":61},[47,103321,126],{"class":125},[47,103323,850],{"class":129},[47,103325,126],{"class":125},[47,103327,80],{"class":61},[47,103329,103330],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103331,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,103333,103334,103336,103338,103340],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,103335,167],{"class":166},[47,103337,170],{"class":61},[47,103339,2141],{"class":173},[47,103341,80],{"class":61},[14,103343,215],{},[37,103345,103346],{"className":39,"code":11687,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,103347,103348],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103349,103350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103351,11687],{"class":412},[14,103353,103354,103355,2760],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[44,103356,863],{},[37,103358,103360],{"className":39,"code":103359,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[44,103361,103362,103394,103412,103416],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103363,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103365,823],{"class":53},[47,103367,58],{"class":57},[47,103369,10366],{"class":61},[47,103371,126],{"class":125},[47,103373,832],{"class":129},[47,103375,126],{"class":125},[47,103377,69],{"class":61},[47,103379,136],{"class":125},[47,103381,850],{"class":129},[47,103383,126],{"class":125},[47,103385,69],{"class":61},[47,103387,136],{"class":125},[47,103389,841],{"class":129},[47,103391,126],{"class":125},[47,103393,9184],{"class":61},[47,103395,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103397,863],{"class":53},[47,103399,30],{"class":61},[47,103401,102803],{"class":173},[47,103403,170],{"class":61},[47,103405,126],{"class":125},[47,103407,850],{"class":129},[47,103409,126],{"class":125},[47,103411,80],{"class":61},[47,103413,103414],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103415,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,103417,103418,103420,103422,103424],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,103419,167],{"class":166},[47,103421,170],{"class":61},[47,103423,863],{"class":173},[47,103425,80],{"class":61},[14,103427,215],{},[37,103429,103431],{"className":39,"code":103430,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[44,103432,103433],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103434,103435,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103436,9153],{"class":61},[47,103438,256],{"class":125},[47,103440,832],{"class":129},[47,103442,256],{"class":125},[47,103444,69],{"class":61},[47,103446,265],{"class":125},[47,103448,841],{"class":129},[47,103450,256],{"class":125},[47,103452,9184],{"class":61},[32,103454,11353],{"id":11352},[14,103456,103457],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[37,103459,103461],{"className":39,"code":103460,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[44,103462,103463,103495,103499,103517,103521,103539,103543],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103464,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487,103489,103491,103493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103466,36120],{"class":53},[47,103468,58],{"class":57},[47,103470,10366],{"class":61},[47,103472,126],{"class":125},[47,103474,405],{"class":129},[47,103476,126],{"class":125},[47,103478,69],{"class":61},[47,103480,136],{"class":125},[47,103482,3960],{"class":129},[47,103484,126],{"class":125},[47,103486,69],{"class":61},[47,103488,136],{"class":125},[47,103490,33100],{"class":129},[47,103492,126],{"class":125},[47,103494,9184],{"class":61},[47,103496,103497],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103498,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,103500,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513,103515],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103502,167],{"class":166},[47,103504,170],{"class":61},[47,103506,126],{"class":125},[47,103508,11442],{"class":129},[47,103510,126],{"class":125},[47,103512,69],{"class":61},[47,103514,52736],{"class":173},[47,103516,80],{"class":61},[47,103518,103519],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,103520,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,103522,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,103524,36172],{"class":53},[47,103526,30],{"class":61},[47,103528,102803],{"class":173},[47,103530,170],{"class":61},[47,103532,126],{"class":125},[47,103534,3960],{"class":129},[47,103536,126],{"class":125},[47,103538,80],{"class":61},[47,103540,103541],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,103542,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,103544,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,103546,167],{"class":166},[47,103548,170],{"class":61},[47,103550,126],{"class":125},[47,103552,11482],{"class":129},[47,103554,126],{"class":125},[47,103556,69],{"class":61},[47,103558,52736],{"class":173},[47,103560,80],{"class":61},[14,103562,215],{},[37,103564,103566],{"className":39,"code":103565,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[44,103567,103568,103600],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103569,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103571,11502],{"class":53},[47,103573,2760],{"class":61},[47,103575,10366],{"class":61},[47,103577,256],{"class":125},[47,103579,3960],{"class":129},[47,103581,256],{"class":125},[47,103583,69],{"class":61},[47,103585,265],{"class":125},[47,103587,405],{"class":129},[47,103589,256],{"class":125},[47,103591,69],{"class":61},[47,103593,265],{"class":125},[47,103595,33100],{"class":129},[47,103597,256],{"class":125},[47,103599,9184],{"class":61},[47,103601,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103603,11555],{"class":53},[47,103605,2760],{"class":61},[47,103607,10366],{"class":61},[47,103609,256],{"class":125},[47,103611,405],{"class":129},[47,103613,256],{"class":125},[47,103615,69],{"class":61},[47,103617,265],{"class":125},[47,103619,33100],{"class":129},[47,103621,256],{"class":125},[47,103623,9184],{"class":61},[14,103625,103626],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[32,103628,103630],{"id":103629},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103632,103633,103634,103636],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[44,103635,102736],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[37,103638,103640],{"className":39,"code":103639,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[44,103641,103642,103674,103678,103696,103700],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103643,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103645,36120],{"class":53},[47,103647,58],{"class":57},[47,103649,10366],{"class":61},[47,103651,126],{"class":125},[47,103653,405],{"class":129},[47,103655,126],{"class":125},[47,103657,69],{"class":61},[47,103659,136],{"class":125},[47,103661,3960],{"class":129},[47,103663,126],{"class":125},[47,103665,69],{"class":61},[47,103667,136],{"class":125},[47,103669,33100],{"class":129},[47,103671,126],{"class":125},[47,103673,9184],{"class":61},[47,103675,103676],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103677,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,103679,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103681,36172],{"class":53},[47,103683,30],{"class":61},[47,103685,102803],{"class":173},[47,103687,170],{"class":61},[47,103689,126],{"class":125},[47,103691,22409],{"class":129},[47,103693,126],{"class":125},[47,103695,80],{"class":61},[47,103697,103698],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,103699,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,103701,103702,103704,103706,103708],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,103703,167],{"class":166},[47,103705,170],{"class":61},[47,103707,36172],{"class":173},[47,103709,80],{"class":61},[14,103711,215],{},[37,103713,103715],{"className":39,"code":103714,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[44,103716,103717],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103718,103719,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103720,9153],{"class":61},[47,103722,256],{"class":125},[47,103724,3960],{"class":129},[47,103726,256],{"class":125},[47,103728,69],{"class":61},[47,103730,265],{"class":125},[47,103732,405],{"class":129},[47,103734,256],{"class":125},[47,103736,69],{"class":61},[47,103738,265],{"class":125},[47,103740,33100],{"class":129},[47,103742,256],{"class":125},[47,103744,9184],{"class":61},[14,103746,103747],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103749,103750],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[37,103752,103754],{"className":39,"code":103753,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[44,103755,103756,103772],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103757,103758,103760,103762,103764,103766,103768,103770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103759,6871],{"class":3749},[47,103761,136],{"class":125},[47,103763,22409],{"class":129},[47,103765,126],{"class":125},[47,103767,21049],{"class":57},[47,103769,52736],{"class":53},[47,103771,6268],{"class":61},[47,103773,103774,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103775,103776],{"class":53},"    fruits",[47,103778,30],{"class":61},[47,103780,34675],{"class":173},[47,103782,170],{"class":61},[47,103784,126],{"class":125},[47,103786,22409],{"class":129},[47,103788,126],{"class":125},[47,103790,80],{"class":61},[14,103792,103793,103794,103796],{},"With ",[44,103795,102736],{},", you can simply write:",[37,103798,103800],{"className":39,"code":103799,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[44,103801,103802],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103803,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103805,36172],{"class":53},[47,103807,30],{"class":61},[47,103809,102803],{"class":173},[47,103811,170],{"class":61},[47,103813,126],{"class":125},[47,103815,22409],{"class":129},[47,103817,126],{"class":125},[47,103819,80],{"class":61},[32,103821,4836,103823],{"id":103822},"when-to-use-discard",[44,103824,102736],{},[14,103826,1967,103827,10477],{},[44,103828,102736],{},[291,103830,103831,103834,103837],{},[294,103832,103833],{},"Missing values are normal",[294,103835,103836],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[294,103838,103839],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103841,103842],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[32,103844,1284],{"id":1283},[14,103846,8324,103847,30],{},[44,103848,102736],{},[773,103850,8330,103852,103854],{"id":103851},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[44,103853,102736],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103856,4400],{},[37,103858,103860],{"className":39,"code":103859,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,103861,103862,103882,103900,103904],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103863,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103865,54],{"class":53},[47,103867,58],{"class":57},[47,103869,10366],{"class":61},[47,103871,66],{"class":65},[47,103873,69],{"class":61},[47,103875,72],{"class":65},[47,103877,69],{"class":61},[47,103879,77],{"class":65},[47,103881,9184],{"class":61},[47,103883,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103885,54],{"class":53},[47,103887,58],{"class":57},[47,103889,4136],{"class":53},[47,103891,30],{"class":61},[47,103893,102803],{"class":173},[47,103895,170],{"class":61},[47,103897,1931],{"class":65},[47,103899,80],{"class":61},[47,103901,103902],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103903,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,103905,103906,103908,103910,103912],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,103907,167],{"class":166},[47,103909,170],{"class":61},[47,103911,174],{"class":173},[47,103913,80],{"class":61},[14,103915,103916,42036,103918,8479,103920,2274,103922,30],{},[44,103917,174],{},[44,103919,3652],{},[44,103921,102736],{},[44,103923,3652],{},[14,103925,18717],{},[37,103927,103929],{"className":39,"code":103928,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,103930,103931,103951,103965,103969],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103932,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103934,54],{"class":53},[47,103936,58],{"class":57},[47,103938,10366],{"class":61},[47,103940,66],{"class":65},[47,103942,69],{"class":61},[47,103944,72],{"class":65},[47,103946,69],{"class":61},[47,103948,77],{"class":65},[47,103950,9184],{"class":61},[47,103952,103953,103955,103957,103959,103961,103963],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103954,174],{"class":53},[47,103956,30],{"class":61},[47,103958,102803],{"class":173},[47,103960,170],{"class":61},[47,103962,1931],{"class":65},[47,103964,80],{"class":61},[47,103966,103967],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103968,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,103970,103971,103973,103975,103977],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,103972,167],{"class":166},[47,103974,170],{"class":61},[47,103976,174],{"class":173},[47,103978,80],{"class":61},[773,103980,1502,103982,8582,103984],{"id":103981},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[44,103983,102736],{},[44,103985,55414],{},[14,103987,103988,103989,30],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[44,103990,102736],{},[37,103992,103994],{"className":39,"code":103993,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[44,103995,103996,104028,104049],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,103997,103998,104000,104002,104004,104006,104008,104010,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020,104022,104024,104026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103999,1118],{"class":53},[47,104001,58],{"class":57},[47,104003,10366],{"class":61},[47,104005,126],{"class":125},[47,104007,21],{"class":129},[47,104009,126],{"class":125},[47,104011,69],{"class":61},[47,104013,136],{"class":125},[47,104015,139],{"class":129},[47,104017,126],{"class":125},[47,104019,69],{"class":61},[47,104021,136],{"class":125},[47,104023,148],{"class":129},[47,104025,126],{"class":125},[47,104027,9184],{"class":61},[47,104029,104030,104032,104034,104036,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104031,1142],{"class":53},[47,104033,30],{"class":61},[47,104035,102803],{"class":173},[47,104037,170],{"class":61},[47,104039,126],{"class":125},[47,104041,21953],{"class":129},[47,104043,126],{"class":125},[47,104045,3533],{"class":61},[47,104047,104048],{"class":1494},"   # safe\n",[47,104050,104051,104053,104055,104057],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104052,167],{"class":166},[47,104054,170],{"class":61},[47,104056,1142],{"class":173},[47,104058,80],{"class":61},[14,104060,104061,104062,45791,104065,30],{},"If you use ",[44,104063,104064],{},"remove(\"z\")",[44,104066,19564],{},[773,104068,25493,104070,104072],{"id":104069},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[44,104071,102736],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104074,104075,102089],{},[44,104076,102736],{},[14,104078,744],{},[37,104080,104082],{"className":39,"code":104081,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[44,104083,104084,104104],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104085,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104087,7654],{"class":53},[47,104089,58],{"class":57},[47,104091,957],{"class":61},[47,104093,66],{"class":65},[47,104095,69],{"class":61},[47,104097,72],{"class":65},[47,104099,69],{"class":61},[47,104101,77],{"class":65},[47,104103,1402],{"class":61},[47,104105,104106,104108,104110,104112,104114,104116],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104107,7684],{"class":53},[47,104109,30],{"class":61},[47,104111,102803],{"class":173},[47,104113,170],{"class":61},[47,104115,1931],{"class":65},[47,104117,80],{"class":61},[14,104119,104120,104121,2760],{},"Use a set if you need ",[44,104122,102736],{},[37,104124,104126],{"className":39,"code":104125,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[44,104127,104128,104148,104162],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104129,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144,104146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104131,7654],{"class":53},[47,104133,58],{"class":57},[47,104135,10366],{"class":61},[47,104137,66],{"class":65},[47,104139,69],{"class":61},[47,104141,72],{"class":65},[47,104143,69],{"class":61},[47,104145,77],{"class":65},[47,104147,9184],{"class":61},[47,104149,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104151,7684],{"class":53},[47,104153,30],{"class":61},[47,104155,102803],{"class":173},[47,104157,170],{"class":61},[47,104159,1931],{"class":65},[47,104161,80],{"class":61},[47,104163,104164,104166,104168,104170],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104165,167],{"class":166},[47,104167,170],{"class":61},[47,104169,7684],{"class":173},[47,104171,80],{"class":61},[773,104173,104175],{"id":104174},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104177,104178],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104180,2712],{},[37,104182,104184],{"className":39,"code":104183,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[44,104185,104186,104206],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104187,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202,104204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104189,392],{"class":53},[47,104191,58],{"class":57},[47,104193,10366],{"class":61},[47,104195,66],{"class":65},[47,104197,69],{"class":61},[47,104199,72],{"class":65},[47,104201,69],{"class":61},[47,104203,77],{"class":65},[47,104205,9184],{"class":61},[47,104207,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104209,424],{"class":53},[47,104211,30],{"class":61},[47,104213,102803],{"class":173},[47,104215,122],{"class":61},[47,104217,1931],{"class":65},[47,104219,153],{"class":61},[14,104221,104222],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[32,104224,8750],{"id":8749},[14,104226,8753,104227,104229],{},[44,104228,102736],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[37,104231,104233],{"className":39,"code":104232,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[44,104234,104235,104245,104259,104273],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104236,104237,104239,104241,104243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104238,167],{"class":166},[47,104240,170],{"class":61},[47,104242,15544],{"class":173},[47,104244,80],{"class":61},[47,104246,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104248,167],{"class":166},[47,104250,170],{"class":61},[47,104252,499],{"class":118},[47,104254,170],{"class":61},[47,104256,15544],{"class":173},[47,104258,506],{"class":61},[47,104260,104261,104263,104265,104267,104269,104271],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104262,167],{"class":166},[47,104264,170],{"class":61},[47,104266,588],{"class":173},[47,104268,3756],{"class":3749},[47,104270,96806],{"class":173},[47,104272,80],{"class":61},[47,104274,104275,104277,104279,104281,104283,104285],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,104276,32031],{"class":166},[47,104278,170],{"class":61},[47,104280,6161],{"class":118},[47,104282,30],{"class":61},[47,104284,102803],{"class":24626},[47,104286,80],{"class":61},[14,104288,11047],{},[291,104290,104291,104294,104297,104300],{},[294,104292,104293],{},"What is currently in the set",[294,104295,104296],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[294,104298,104299],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[294,104301,104302],{},"How Python documents the method",[32,104304,1708],{"id":1707},[773,104306,104308],{"id":104307},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104310,104311,104312,104314],{},"Nothing happens. ",[44,104313,102736],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[773,104316,1744,104318,1747],{"id":104317},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[44,104319,102741],{},[14,104321,1750,104322,104324],{},[44,104323,3652],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[773,104326,5054,104328,4267,104330,2368],{"id":104327},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[44,104329,102736],{},[44,104331,55414],{},[14,104333,104334,104335,26415,104337,104339,104340,104342],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[44,104336,55414],{},[44,104338,19564],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[44,104341,102736],{}," does not.",[773,104344,28206,104346,104348],{"id":104345},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[44,104347,102736],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104350,46248,104351,104353],{},[44,104352,102736],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[32,104355,1758],{"id":1757},[291,104357,104358,104364,104370,104375,104379],{},[294,104359,104360],{},[21,104361,96696,104362,10617],{"href":98091},[44,104363,55414],{},[294,104365,104366],{},[21,104367,96696,104368,10617],{"href":98096},[44,104369,12642],{},[294,104371,104372],{},[21,104373,104374],{"href":97765},"Python set: creating a set",[294,104376,104377],{},[21,104378,100231],{"href":98673},[294,104380,104381],{},[21,104382,11139],{"href":10951},[1796,104384,104385],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":104387},[104388,104389,104391,104394,104399,104400,104401,104402,104404,104413,104414,104423],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":102913,"depth":83,"text":104390},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032,"children":104392},[104393],{"id":102986,"depth":94,"text":102987},{"id":103066,"depth":83,"text":104395,"children":104396},"What makes discard() different",[104397],{"id":103105,"depth":94,"text":104398},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103258,"depth":83,"text":103259},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":103629,"depth":83,"text":103630},{"id":103822,"depth":83,"text":104403},"When to use discard()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":104405},[104406,104408,104410,104412],{"id":103851,"depth":94,"text":104407},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103981,"depth":94,"text":104409},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104069,"depth":94,"text":104411},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104174,"depth":94,"text":104175},{"id":8749,"depth":83,"text":8750},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":104415},[104416,104417,104419,104421],{"id":104307,"depth":94,"text":104308},{"id":104317,"depth":94,"text":104418},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104327,"depth":94,"text":104420},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104345,"depth":94,"text":104422},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102728,"description":104424},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104431,"title":104432,"body":104433,"description":106435,"extension":1837,"meta":106436,"navigation":159,"path":106437,"seo":106438,"stem":106439,"__hash__":106440},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104434,"toc":106393},[104435,104438,104446,104451,104462,104464,104519,104523,104543,104548,104552,104557,104559,104573,104575,104650,104652,104685,104690,104695,104697,104699,104714,104717,104725,104730,104745,104747,104836,104838,104927,104933,104937,104939,104977,104979,105003,105006,105021,105023,105078,105080,105113,105115,105120,105124,105126,105131,105196,105198,105218,105224,105228,105285,105287,105308,105310,105315,105360,105362,105395,105398,105402,105435,105437,105466,105470,105474,105477,105479,105498,105500,105546,105551,105565,105567,105598,105603,105606,105650,105652,105680,105684,105688,105704,105707,105772,105774,105786,105789,105793,105796,105801,105829,105831,105849,105855,105894,105896,105914,105920,105949,105951,105969,105972,105989,105991,105996,106000,106003,106029,106036,106041,106056,106065,106069,106072,106103,106109,106112,106121,106124,106126,106128,106186,106189,106214,106216,106220,106223,106227,106235,106239,106242,106246,106249,106251,106274,106276,106317,106324,106332,106335,106366,106368,106390],[10,104436,104432],{"id":104437},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104439,9001,104440,104442,104443,30],{},[44,104441,3670],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[575,104444,104445],{},"unique values only",[14,104447,35287,104448,104450],{},[44,104449,3670],{}," to:",[291,104452,104453,104456,104459],{},[294,104454,104455],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[294,104457,104458],{},"check whether a value exists",[294,104460,104461],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[32,104463,35],{"id":34},[37,104465,104467],{"className":39,"code":104466,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[44,104468,104469,104493,104508],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104470,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489,104491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104472,54],{"class":53},[47,104474,58],{"class":57},[47,104476,957],{"class":61},[47,104478,66],{"class":65},[47,104480,69],{"class":61},[47,104482,72],{"class":65},[47,104484,69],{"class":61},[47,104486,72],{"class":65},[47,104488,69],{"class":61},[47,104490,77],{"class":65},[47,104492,1402],{"class":61},[47,104494,104495,104498,104500,104502,104504,104506],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104496,104497],{"class":53},"unique_numbers ",[47,104499,58],{"class":57},[47,104501,15511],{"class":118},[47,104503,170],{"class":61},[47,104505,174],{"class":173},[47,104507,80],{"class":61},[47,104509,104510,104512,104514,104517],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104511,167],{"class":166},[47,104513,170],{"class":61},[47,104515,104516],{"class":173},"unique_numbers",[47,104518,80],{"class":61},[14,104520,104521],{},[575,104522,215],{},[37,104524,104525],{"className":39,"code":96489,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,104526,104527],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104528,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537,104539,104541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104530,9153],{"class":61},[47,104532,66],{"class":65},[47,104534,69],{"class":61},[47,104536,72],{"class":65},[47,104538,69],{"class":61},[47,104540,77],{"class":65},[47,104542,9184],{"class":61},[14,104544,1967,104545,104547],{},[44,104546,3670],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[32,104549,104551],{"id":104550},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104553,104554,104556],{},[44,104555,3670],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104558,30418],{},[291,104560,104561,104564,104567,104570],{},[294,104562,104563],{},"A set stores unique items only",[294,104565,104566],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[294,104568,104569],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[294,104571,104572],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104574,2083],{},[37,104576,104578],{"className":39,"code":104577,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[44,104579,104580,104620,104635,104639],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104581,104582,104584,104586,104588,104590,104592,104594,104596,104598,104600,104602,104604,104606,104608,104610,104612,104614,104616,104618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104583,823],{"class":53},[47,104585,58],{"class":57},[47,104587,957],{"class":61},[47,104589,126],{"class":125},[47,104591,832],{"class":129},[47,104593,126],{"class":125},[47,104595,69],{"class":61},[47,104597,136],{"class":125},[47,104599,850],{"class":129},[47,104601,126],{"class":125},[47,104603,69],{"class":61},[47,104605,136],{"class":125},[47,104607,832],{"class":129},[47,104609,126],{"class":125},[47,104611,69],{"class":61},[47,104613,136],{"class":125},[47,104615,841],{"class":129},[47,104617,126],{"class":125},[47,104619,1402],{"class":61},[47,104621,104622,104625,104627,104629,104631,104633],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104623,104624],{"class":53},"unique_colors ",[47,104626,58],{"class":57},[47,104628,15511],{"class":118},[47,104630,170],{"class":61},[47,104632,863],{"class":173},[47,104634,80],{"class":61},[47,104636,104637],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104638,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,104640,104641,104643,104645,104648],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,104642,167],{"class":166},[47,104644,170],{"class":61},[47,104646,104647],{"class":173},"unique_colors",[47,104649,80],{"class":61},[14,104651,29907],{},[37,104653,104655],{"className":39,"code":104654,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[44,104656,104657],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104658,104659,104661,104663,104665,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104660,9153],{"class":61},[47,104662,256],{"class":125},[47,104664,850],{"class":129},[47,104666,256],{"class":125},[47,104668,69],{"class":61},[47,104670,265],{"class":125},[47,104672,841],{"class":129},[47,104674,256],{"class":125},[47,104676,69],{"class":61},[47,104678,265],{"class":125},[47,104680,832],{"class":129},[47,104682,256],{"class":125},[47,104684,9184],{"class":61},[14,104686,2163,104687,104689],{},[44,104688,65271],{}," appears only once.",[14,104691,104692,104693,30],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[21,104694,96210],{"href":96209},[32,104696,2032],{"id":2031},[14,104698,2035],{},[37,104700,104702],{"className":39,"code":104701,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set(iterable)\n",[44,104703,104704],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104705,104706,104708,104710,104712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104707,6161],{"class":118},[47,104709,170],{"class":61},[47,104711,3594],{"class":173},[47,104713,80],{"class":61},[14,104715,104716],{},"The argument is optional.",[291,104718,104719,104722],{},[294,104720,104721],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[294,104723,104724],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104726,104727,104728,2760],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[44,104729,3670],{},[291,104731,104732,104734,104736,104738,104742],{},[294,104733,7969],{},[294,104735,531],{},[294,104737,61055],{},[294,104739,104740],{},[44,104741,36079],{},[294,104743,104744],{},"another set",[14,104746,2000],{},[37,104748,104750],{"className":39,"code":104749,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[44,104751,104752,104778,104800,104818],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104753,104754,104756,104758,104760,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104755,167],{"class":166},[47,104757,170],{"class":61},[47,104759,6161],{"class":118},[47,104761,122],{"class":61},[47,104763,66],{"class":65},[47,104765,69],{"class":61},[47,104767,72],{"class":65},[47,104769,69],{"class":61},[47,104771,72],{"class":65},[47,104773,69],{"class":61},[47,104775,77],{"class":65},[47,104777,2873],{"class":61},[47,104779,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104781,167],{"class":166},[47,104783,170],{"class":61},[47,104785,6161],{"class":118},[47,104787,5384],{"class":61},[47,104789,960],{"class":65},[47,104791,69],{"class":61},[47,104793,965],{"class":65},[47,104795,69],{"class":61},[47,104797,5879],{"class":65},[47,104799,2788],{"class":61},[47,104801,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104803,167],{"class":166},[47,104805,170],{"class":61},[47,104807,6161],{"class":118},[47,104809,170],{"class":61},[47,104811,126],{"class":125},[47,104813,3718],{"class":129},[47,104815,126],{"class":125},[47,104817,506],{"class":61},[47,104819,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,104821,167],{"class":166},[47,104823,170],{"class":61},[47,104825,6161],{"class":118},[47,104827,170],{"class":61},[47,104829,1205],{"class":166},[47,104831,170],{"class":61},[47,104833,1210],{"class":65},[47,104835,2788],{"class":61},[14,104837,29907],{},[37,104839,104841],{"className":39,"code":104840,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[44,104842,104843,104859,104871,104907],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104844,104845,104847,104849,104851,104853,104855,104857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104846,9153],{"class":61},[47,104848,66],{"class":65},[47,104850,69],{"class":61},[47,104852,72],{"class":65},[47,104854,69],{"class":61},[47,104856,77],{"class":65},[47,104858,9184],{"class":61},[47,104860,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104862,9153],{"class":61},[47,104864,960],{"class":65},[47,104866,69],{"class":61},[47,104868,965],{"class":65},[47,104870,9184],{"class":61},[47,104872,104873,104875,104877,104879,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901,104903,104905],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104874,9153],{"class":61},[47,104876,256],{"class":125},[47,104878,60319],{"class":129},[47,104880,256],{"class":125},[47,104882,69],{"class":61},[47,104884,265],{"class":125},[47,104886,60328],{"class":129},[47,104888,256],{"class":125},[47,104890,69],{"class":61},[47,104892,265],{"class":125},[47,104894,60337],{"class":129},[47,104896,256],{"class":125},[47,104898,69],{"class":61},[47,104900,265],{"class":125},[47,104902,60354],{"class":129},[47,104904,256],{"class":125},[47,104906,9184],{"class":61},[47,104908,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,104910,9153],{"class":61},[47,104912,1237],{"class":65},[47,104914,69],{"class":61},[47,104916,1242],{"class":65},[47,104918,69],{"class":61},[47,104920,72],{"class":65},[47,104922,69],{"class":61},[47,104924,77],{"class":65},[47,104926,9184],{"class":61},[14,104928,104929,104930,30],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[21,104931,104932],{"href":64726},"Python list() function explained",[32,104934,104936],{"id":104935},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,104938,98162],{},[37,104940,104941],{"className":39,"code":99127,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,104942,104943,104953,104963],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104944,104945,104947,104949,104951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104946,98172],{"class":53},[47,104948,58],{"class":57},[47,104950,15511],{"class":118},[47,104952,241],{"class":61},[47,104954,104955,104957,104959,104961],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104956,167],{"class":166},[47,104958,170],{"class":61},[47,104960,98191],{"class":173},[47,104962,80],{"class":61},[47,104964,104965,104967,104969,104971,104973,104975],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104966,167],{"class":166},[47,104968,170],{"class":61},[47,104970,499],{"class":118},[47,104972,170],{"class":61},[47,104974,98191],{"class":173},[47,104976,506],{"class":61},[14,104978,215],{},[37,104980,104981],{"className":39,"code":99170,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,104982,104983,104989],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,104984,104985,104987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104986,6161],{"class":118},[47,104988,241],{"class":61},[47,104990,104991,104993,104995,104997,104999,105001],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104992,522],{"class":57},[47,104994,526],{"class":525},[47,104996,265],{"class":125},[47,104998,6161],{"class":129},[47,105000,256],{"class":125},[47,105002,536],{"class":57},[14,105004,105005],{},"This is important because:",[291,105007,105008,105013],{},[294,105009,105010,105012],{},[44,105011,3670],{}," creates an empty set",[294,105014,105015,105017,105018,105020],{},[44,105016,3665],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[575,105019,577],{}," a set",[14,105022,2083],{},[37,105024,105026],{"className":39,"code":105025,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[44,105027,105028,105038,105046,105050,105064],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105029,105030,105032,105034,105036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105031,2430],{"class":53},[47,105033,58],{"class":57},[47,105035,15511],{"class":118},[47,105037,241],{"class":61},[47,105039,105040,105042,105044],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105041,2458],{"class":53},[47,105043,58],{"class":57},[47,105045,9713],{"class":61},[47,105047,105048],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,105049,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,105051,105052,105054,105056,105058,105060,105062],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,105053,167],{"class":166},[47,105055,170],{"class":61},[47,105057,499],{"class":118},[47,105059,170],{"class":61},[47,105061,21],{"class":173},[47,105063,506],{"class":61},[47,105065,105066,105068,105070,105072,105074,105076],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,105067,167],{"class":166},[47,105069,170],{"class":61},[47,105071,499],{"class":118},[47,105073,170],{"class":61},[47,105075,139],{"class":173},[47,105077,506],{"class":61},[14,105079,215],{},[37,105081,105083],{"className":39,"code":105082,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[44,105084,105085,105099],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105086,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105088,522],{"class":57},[47,105090,526],{"class":525},[47,105092,265],{"class":125},[47,105094,6161],{"class":129},[47,105096,256],{"class":125},[47,105098,536],{"class":57},[47,105100,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105102,522],{"class":57},[47,105104,526],{"class":525},[47,105106,265],{"class":125},[47,105108,8699],{"class":129},[47,105110,256],{"class":125},[47,105112,536],{"class":57},[14,105114,13927],{},[14,105116,105117,105118,30],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[21,105119,104374],{"href":96213},[32,105121,105123],{"id":105122},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[773,105125,1045],{"id":1044},[14,105127,105128,105129,30],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[44,105130,3670],{},[37,105132,105134],{"className":39,"code":105133,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,105135,105136,105168,105182,105186],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105137,105138,105140,105142,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158,105160,105162,105164,105166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105139,54],{"class":53},[47,105141,58],{"class":57},[47,105143,957],{"class":61},[47,105145,66],{"class":65},[47,105147,69],{"class":61},[47,105149,72],{"class":65},[47,105151,69],{"class":61},[47,105153,72],{"class":65},[47,105155,69],{"class":61},[47,105157,77],{"class":65},[47,105159,69],{"class":61},[47,105161,77],{"class":65},[47,105163,69],{"class":61},[47,105165,77],{"class":65},[47,105167,1402],{"class":61},[47,105169,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178,105180],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105171,2106],{"class":53},[47,105173,58],{"class":57},[47,105175,15511],{"class":118},[47,105177,170],{"class":61},[47,105179,174],{"class":173},[47,105181,80],{"class":61},[47,105183,105184],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,105185,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,105187,105188,105190,105192,105194],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,105189,167],{"class":166},[47,105191,170],{"class":61},[47,105193,2141],{"class":173},[47,105195,80],{"class":61},[14,105197,215],{},[37,105199,105200],{"className":39,"code":96489,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,105201,105202],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105203,105204,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105205,9153],{"class":61},[47,105207,66],{"class":65},[47,105209,69],{"class":61},[47,105211,72],{"class":65},[47,105213,69],{"class":61},[47,105215,77],{"class":65},[47,105217,9184],{"class":61},[14,105219,105220,105221,30],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[21,105222,98960],{"href":105223},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[773,105225,105227],{"id":105226},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[37,105229,105231],{"className":39,"code":105230,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,105232,105233,105257,105271,105275],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105234,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245,105247,105249,105251,105253,105255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105236,1196],{"class":53},[47,105238,58],{"class":57},[47,105240,62],{"class":61},[47,105242,104],{"class":65},[47,105244,69],{"class":61},[47,105246,4480],{"class":65},[47,105248,69],{"class":61},[47,105250,5879],{"class":65},[47,105252,69],{"class":61},[47,105254,37818],{"class":65},[47,105256,80],{"class":61},[47,105258,105259,105261,105263,105265,105267,105269],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105260,2106],{"class":53},[47,105262,58],{"class":57},[47,105264,15511],{"class":118},[47,105266,170],{"class":61},[47,105268,1221],{"class":173},[47,105270,80],{"class":61},[47,105272,105273],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,105274,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,105276,105277,105279,105281,105283],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,105278,167],{"class":166},[47,105280,170],{"class":61},[47,105282,2141],{"class":173},[47,105284,80],{"class":61},[14,105286,215],{},[37,105288,105290],{"className":39,"code":105289,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[44,105291,105292],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105293,105294,105296,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105295,9153],{"class":61},[47,105297,104],{"class":65},[47,105299,69],{"class":61},[47,105301,5879],{"class":65},[47,105303,69],{"class":61},[47,105305,37818],{"class":65},[47,105307,9184],{"class":61},[773,105309,1108],{"id":1107},[14,105311,51011,105312,105314],{},[44,105313,3670],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[37,105316,105318],{"className":39,"code":105317,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,105319,105320,105332,105346,105350],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105321,105322,105324,105326,105328,105330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105323,34568],{"class":53},[47,105325,58],{"class":57},[47,105327,136],{"class":125},[47,105329,3960],{"class":129},[47,105331,3230],{"class":125},[47,105333,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342,105344],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105335,2106],{"class":53},[47,105337,58],{"class":57},[47,105339,15511],{"class":118},[47,105341,170],{"class":61},[47,105343,34589],{"class":173},[47,105345,80],{"class":61},[47,105347,105348],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,105349,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,105351,105352,105354,105356,105358],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,105353,167],{"class":166},[47,105355,170],{"class":61},[47,105357,2141],{"class":173},[47,105359,80],{"class":61},[14,105361,29907],{},[37,105363,105365],{"className":39,"code":105364,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[44,105366,105367],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105368,105369,105371,105373,105375,105377,105379,105381,105383,105385,105387,105389,105391,105393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105370,9153],{"class":61},[47,105372,256],{"class":125},[47,105374,139],{"class":129},[47,105376,256],{"class":125},[47,105378,69],{"class":61},[47,105380,265],{"class":125},[47,105382,21],{"class":129},[47,105384,256],{"class":125},[47,105386,69],{"class":61},[47,105388,265],{"class":125},[47,105390,75909],{"class":129},[47,105392,256],{"class":125},[47,105394,9184],{"class":61},[14,105396,105397],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[773,105399,105401],{"id":105400},"from-range","From range()",[37,105403,105405],{"className":39,"code":105404,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[44,105406,105407,105425],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105408,105409,105411,105413,105415,105417,105419,105421,105423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105410,2106],{"class":53},[47,105412,58],{"class":57},[47,105414,15511],{"class":118},[47,105416,170],{"class":61},[47,105418,1205],{"class":166},[47,105420,170],{"class":61},[47,105422,104],{"class":65},[47,105424,506],{"class":61},[47,105426,105427,105429,105431,105433],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105428,167],{"class":166},[47,105430,170],{"class":61},[47,105432,2141],{"class":173},[47,105434,80],{"class":61},[14,105436,215],{},[37,105438,105440],{"className":39,"code":105439,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[44,105441,105442],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105443,105444,105446,105448,105450,105452,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462,105464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105445,9153],{"class":61},[47,105447,1237],{"class":65},[47,105449,69],{"class":61},[47,105451,1242],{"class":65},[47,105453,69],{"class":61},[47,105455,72],{"class":65},[47,105457,69],{"class":61},[47,105459,77],{"class":65},[47,105461,69],{"class":61},[47,105463,2333],{"class":65},[47,105465,9184],{"class":61},[32,105467,105469],{"id":105468},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105471,99407,105472,30],{},[575,105473,96253],{},[14,105475,105476],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105478,99413],{},[291,105480,105481,105485,105489,105493],{},[294,105482,105483],{},[44,105484,644],{},[294,105486,105487],{},[44,105488,3315],{},[294,105490,105491],{},[44,105492,2067],{},[294,105494,105495,105497],{},[44,105496,531],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105499,2083],{},[37,105501,105503],{"className":39,"code":105502,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[44,105504,105505,105536],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105506,105507,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517,105519,105521,105523,105525,105527,105529,105531,105533],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105508,7654],{"class":53},[47,105510,58],{"class":57},[47,105512,10366],{"class":61},[47,105514,66],{"class":65},[47,105516,69],{"class":61},[47,105518,136],{"class":125},[47,105520,3718],{"class":129},[47,105522,126],{"class":125},[47,105524,69],{"class":61},[47,105526,62],{"class":61},[47,105528,960],{"class":65},[47,105530,69],{"class":61},[47,105532,965],{"class":65},[47,105534,105535],{"class":61},")}\n",[47,105537,105538,105540,105542,105544],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105539,167],{"class":166},[47,105541,170],{"class":61},[47,105543,7684],{"class":173},[47,105545,80],{"class":61},[14,105547,99475,105548,105550],{},[575,105549,577],{}," work inside a set:",[291,105552,105553,105557,105561],{},[294,105554,105555],{},[44,105556,7969],{},[294,105558,105559],{},[44,105560,8699],{},[294,105562,105563],{},[44,105564,6161],{},[14,105566,96978],{},[37,105568,105570],{"className":39,"code":105569,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[44,105571,105572],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105573,105574,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584,105586,105588,105590,105592,105594,105596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105575,99494],{"class":53},[47,105577,58],{"class":57},[47,105579,99499],{"class":61},[47,105581,66],{"class":65},[47,105583,69],{"class":61},[47,105585,72],{"class":65},[47,105587,17938],{"class":61},[47,105589,957],{"class":61},[47,105591,1937],{"class":65},[47,105593,69],{"class":61},[47,105595,2333],{"class":65},[47,105597,13584],{"class":61},[14,105599,76737,105600,105602],{},[44,105601,2879],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105604,105605],{},"A safer example:",[37,105607,105609],{"className":39,"code":105608,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[44,105610,105611,105639],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105612,105613,105616,105618,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629,105631,105633,105635,105637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105614,105615],{"class":53},"good_set ",[47,105617,58],{"class":57},[47,105619,105620],{"class":61}," {(",[47,105622,66],{"class":65},[47,105624,69],{"class":61},[47,105626,72],{"class":65},[47,105628,954],{"class":61},[47,105630,62],{"class":61},[47,105632,1937],{"class":65},[47,105634,69],{"class":61},[47,105636,2333],{"class":65},[47,105638,105535],{"class":61},[47,105640,105641,105643,105645,105648],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105642,167],{"class":166},[47,105644,170],{"class":61},[47,105646,105647],{"class":173},"good_set",[47,105649,80],{"class":61},[14,105651,215],{},[37,105653,105655],{"className":39,"code":105654,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[44,105656,105657],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105658,105659,105662,105664,105666,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676,105678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105660,105661],{"class":61},"{(",[47,105663,66],{"class":65},[47,105665,69],{"class":61},[47,105667,72],{"class":65},[47,105669,954],{"class":61},[47,105671,62],{"class":61},[47,105673,1937],{"class":65},[47,105675,69],{"class":61},[47,105677,2333],{"class":65},[47,105679,105535],{"class":61},[32,105681,105683],{"id":105682},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105685,1967,105686,10477],{},[44,105687,3670],{},[291,105689,105690,105693,105698,105701],{},[294,105691,105692],{},"you need unique values only",[294,105694,105695,105696],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[44,105697,3756],{},[294,105699,105700],{},"order does not matter",[294,105702,105703],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105705,105706],{},"Example of membership checking:",[37,105708,105710],{"className":39,"code":105709,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[44,105711,105712,105737,105741,105757],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105713,105714,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727,105730,105732,105735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105715,105716],{"class":53},"allowed_ids ",[47,105718,58],{"class":57},[47,105720,15511],{"class":118},[47,105722,122],{"class":61},[47,105724,46475],{"class":65},[47,105726,69],{"class":61},[47,105728,105729],{"class":65}," 102",[47,105731,69],{"class":61},[47,105733,105734],{"class":65}," 103",[47,105736,153],{"class":61},[47,105738,105739],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105740,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,105742,105743,105745,105747,105750,105752,105755],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,105744,167],{"class":166},[47,105746,170],{"class":61},[47,105748,105749],{"class":65},"102",[47,105751,21049],{"class":3749},[47,105753,105754],{"class":173}," allowed_ids",[47,105756,80],{"class":61},[47,105758,105759,105761,105763,105766,105768,105770],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,105760,167],{"class":166},[47,105762,170],{"class":61},[47,105764,105765],{"class":65},"999",[47,105767,21049],{"class":3749},[47,105769,105754],{"class":173},[47,105771,80],{"class":61},[14,105773,215],{},[37,105775,105776],{"className":39,"code":44056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,105777,105778,105782],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105779,105780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105781,3852],{"class":412},[47,105783,105784],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105785,3913],{"class":412},[14,105787,105788],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[32,105790,105792],{"id":105791},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105794,105795],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[773,105797,1967,105799,98104],{"id":105798},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[44,105800,3670],{},[37,105802,105803],{"className":39,"code":98165,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,105804,105805,105815],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105806,105807,105809,105811,105813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105808,98172],{"class":53},[47,105810,58],{"class":57},[47,105812,15511],{"class":118},[47,105814,241],{"class":61},[47,105816,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825,105827],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105818,167],{"class":166},[47,105820,170],{"class":61},[47,105822,499],{"class":118},[47,105824,170],{"class":61},[47,105826,98191],{"class":173},[47,105828,506],{"class":61},[14,105830,215],{},[37,105832,105833],{"className":39,"code":8730,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,105834,105835],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105836,105837,105839,105841,105843,105845,105847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105838,522],{"class":57},[47,105840,526],{"class":525},[47,105842,265],{"class":125},[47,105844,6161],{"class":129},[47,105846,256],{"class":125},[47,105848,536],{"class":57},[773,105850,1967,105852,105854],{"id":105851},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[44,105853,100164],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[37,105856,105858],{"className":39,"code":105857,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[44,105859,105860,105880],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105861,105862,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872,105874,105876,105878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105863,54],{"class":53},[47,105865,58],{"class":57},[47,105867,10366],{"class":61},[47,105869,66],{"class":65},[47,105871,69],{"class":61},[47,105873,72],{"class":65},[47,105875,69],{"class":61},[47,105877,77],{"class":65},[47,105879,9184],{"class":61},[47,105881,105882,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105883,167],{"class":166},[47,105885,170],{"class":61},[47,105887,499],{"class":118},[47,105889,170],{"class":61},[47,105891,174],{"class":173},[47,105893,506],{"class":61},[14,105895,215],{},[37,105897,105898],{"className":39,"code":8730,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,105899,105900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105901,105902,105904,105906,105908,105910,105912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105903,522],{"class":57},[47,105905,526],{"class":525},[47,105907,265],{"class":125},[47,105909,6161],{"class":129},[47,105911,256],{"class":125},[47,105913,536],{"class":57},[773,105915,1967,105917,105919],{"id":105916},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[44,105918,3665],{}," for an empty dictionary",[37,105921,105923],{"className":39,"code":105922,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[44,105924,105925,105934],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105926,105927,105930,105932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105928,105929],{"class":53},"empty_dict ",[47,105931,58],{"class":57},[47,105933,9713],{"class":61},[47,105935,105936,105938,105940,105942,105944,105947],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105937,167],{"class":166},[47,105939,170],{"class":61},[47,105941,499],{"class":118},[47,105943,170],{"class":61},[47,105945,105946],{"class":173},"empty_dict",[47,105948,506],{"class":61},[14,105950,215],{},[37,105952,105953],{"className":39,"code":8686,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,105954,105955],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,105956,105957,105959,105961,105963,105965,105967],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105958,522],{"class":57},[47,105960,526],{"class":525},[47,105962,265],{"class":125},[47,105964,8699],{"class":129},[47,105966,256],{"class":125},[47,105968,536],{"class":57},[14,105970,105971],{},"So the rule is simple:",[291,105973,105974,105979,105984],{},[294,105975,105976,105978],{},[44,105977,3670],{}," → empty set",[294,105980,105981,105983],{},[44,105982,100164],{}," → non-empty set",[294,105985,105986,105988],{},[44,105987,3665],{}," → empty dictionary",[32,105990,1284],{"id":1283},[14,105992,105993,105994,30],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[44,105995,3670],{},[773,105997,8294,105998,99762],{"id":99759},[44,105999,3665],{},[14,106001,106002],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[37,106004,106005],{"className":39,"code":99768,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,106006,106007,106015],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106008,106009,106011,106013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106010,588],{"class":53},[47,106012,58],{"class":57},[47,106014,9713],{"class":61},[47,106016,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106018,167],{"class":166},[47,106020,170],{"class":61},[47,106022,499],{"class":118},[47,106024,170],{"class":61},[47,106026,605],{"class":173},[47,106028,506],{"class":61},[773,106030,106032,106033],{"id":106031},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[44,106034,106035],{},"set(5)",[14,106037,106038,106040],{},[44,106039,3670],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[37,106042,106044],{"className":39,"code":106043,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set(5)\n",[44,106045,106046],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106047,106048,106050,106052,106054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106049,6161],{"class":118},[47,106051,170],{"class":61},[47,106053,104],{"class":65},[47,106055,80],{"class":61},[14,106057,2876,106058,106060,106061,30],{},[44,106059,2879],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[21,106062,106064],{"href":106063},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[773,106066,106068],{"id":106067},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106070,106071],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[37,106073,106075],{"className":39,"code":106074,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[44,106076,106077],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106078,106079,106081,106083,106085,106087,106089,106091,106093,106095,106097,106099,106101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106080,588],{"class":53},[47,106082,58],{"class":57},[47,106084,99499],{"class":61},[47,106086,66],{"class":65},[47,106088,69],{"class":61},[47,106090,72],{"class":65},[47,106092,17938],{"class":61},[47,106094,957],{"class":61},[47,106096,1937],{"class":65},[47,106098,69],{"class":61},[47,106100,2333],{"class":65},[47,106102,13584],{"class":61},[773,106104,8330,106106,106108],{"id":106105},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[44,106107,3670],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106110,106111],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[773,106113,1502,106115,8582,106117,25,106119],{"id":106114},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[44,106116,3670],{},[44,106118,24657],{},[44,106120,8998],{},[14,106122,106123],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[32,106125,60591],{"id":60590},[14,106127,10990],{},[37,106129,106131],{"className":39,"code":106130,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[44,106132,106133,106148,106158,106172],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106134,106135,106137,106139,106141,106143,106146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106136,167],{"class":166},[47,106138,170],{"class":61},[47,106140,499],{"class":118},[47,106142,170],{"class":61},[47,106144,106145],{"class":173},"my_value",[47,106147,506],{"class":61},[47,106149,106150,106152,106154,106156],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106151,167],{"class":166},[47,106153,170],{"class":61},[47,106155,106145],{"class":173},[47,106157,80],{"class":61},[47,106159,106160,106162,106164,106166,106168,106170],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,106161,167],{"class":166},[47,106163,170],{"class":61},[47,106165,7969],{"class":118},[47,106167,170],{"class":61},[47,106169,15544],{"class":173},[47,106171,506],{"class":61},[47,106173,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,106175,167],{"class":166},[47,106177,170],{"class":61},[47,106179,1698],{"class":166},[47,106181,170],{"class":61},[47,106183,15544],{"class":173},[47,106185,506],{"class":61},[14,106187,106188],{},"What they help you see:",[291,106190,106191,106197,106202,106208],{},[294,106192,106193,106196],{},[44,106194,106195],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[294,106198,106199,90428],{},[44,106200,106201],{},"print(my_value)",[294,106203,106204,106207],{},[44,106205,106206],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[294,106209,106210,106213],{},[44,106211,106212],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[32,106215,1708],{"id":1707},[773,106217,106219],{"id":106218},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106221,106222],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[773,106224,106226],{"id":106225},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106228,1967,106229,106231,106232,106234],{},[44,106230,3670],{},". Do not use ",[44,106233,3665],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[773,106236,106238],{"id":106237},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106240,106241],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[773,106243,106245],{"id":106244},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106247,106248],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106250,2083],{},[37,106252,106254],{"className":39,"code":106253,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[44,106255,106256],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106257,106258,106260,106262,106264,106266,106268,106270,106272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106259,167],{"class":166},[47,106261,170],{"class":61},[47,106263,6161],{"class":118},[47,106265,170],{"class":61},[47,106267,126],{"class":125},[47,106269,405],{"class":129},[47,106271,126],{"class":125},[47,106273,506],{"class":61},[14,106275,29907],{},[37,106277,106279],{"className":39,"code":106278,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[44,106280,106281],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106282,106283,106285,106287,106289,106291,106293,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106284,9153],{"class":61},[47,106286,256],{"class":125},[47,106288,21],{"class":129},[47,106290,256],{"class":125},[47,106292,69],{"class":61},[47,106294,265],{"class":125},[47,106296,14],{"class":129},[47,106298,256],{"class":125},[47,106300,69],{"class":61},[47,106302,265],{"class":125},[47,106304,60337],{"class":129},[47,106306,256],{"class":125},[47,106308,69],{"class":61},[47,106310,265],{"class":125},[47,106312,60328],{"class":129},[47,106314,256],{"class":125},[47,106316,9184],{"class":61},[773,106318,5032,106320,106323],{"id":106319},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[44,106321,106322],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106325,106326,28562,106328,106331],{},[44,106327,3670],{},[575,106329,106330],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106333,106334],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[37,106336,106338],{"className":39,"code":106337,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[44,106339,106340],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106341,106342,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354,106356,106358,106360,106362,106364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106343,167],{"class":166},[47,106345,170],{"class":61},[47,106347,6161],{"class":118},[47,106349,122],{"class":61},[47,106351,66],{"class":65},[47,106353,69],{"class":61},[47,106355,72],{"class":65},[47,106357,69],{"class":61},[47,106359,77],{"class":65},[47,106361,69],{"class":61},[47,106363,2333],{"class":65},[47,106365,2873],{"class":61},[32,106367,1758],{"id":1757},[291,106369,106370,106374,106378,106382,106386],{},[294,106371,106372],{},[21,106373,96210],{"href":96209},[294,106375,106376],{},[21,106377,104374],{"href":96213},[294,106379,106380],{},[21,106381,100226],{"href":105223},[294,106383,106384],{},[21,106385,104932],{"href":64726},[294,106387,106388],{},[21,106389,106064],{"href":106063},[1796,106391,106392],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":106394},[106395,106396,106397,106398,106399,106405,106406,106407,106415,106425,106426,106434],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":104550,"depth":83,"text":104551},{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":104935,"depth":83,"text":104936},{"id":105122,"depth":83,"text":105123,"children":106400},[106401,106402,106403,106404],{"id":1044,"depth":94,"text":1045},{"id":105226,"depth":94,"text":105227},{"id":1107,"depth":94,"text":1108},{"id":105400,"depth":94,"text":105401},{"id":105468,"depth":83,"text":105469},{"id":105682,"depth":83,"text":105683},{"id":105791,"depth":83,"text":105792,"children":106408},[106409,106411,106413],{"id":105798,"depth":94,"text":106410},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105851,"depth":94,"text":106412},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105916,"depth":94,"text":106414},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":106416},[106417,106418,106420,106421,106423],{"id":99759,"depth":94,"text":100267},{"id":106031,"depth":94,"text":106419},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106067,"depth":94,"text":106068},{"id":106105,"depth":94,"text":106422},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106114,"depth":94,"text":106424},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60590,"depth":83,"text":60591},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":106427},[106428,106429,106430,106431,106432],{"id":106218,"depth":94,"text":106219},{"id":106225,"depth":94,"text":106226},{"id":106237,"depth":94,"text":106238},{"id":106244,"depth":94,"text":106245},{"id":106319,"depth":94,"text":106433},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104432,"description":106435},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106442,"title":106443,"body":106444,"description":107959,"extension":1837,"meta":107960,"navigation":159,"path":107961,"seo":107962,"stem":107963,"__hash__":107964},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106445,"toc":107935},[106446,106452,106457,106460,106543,106548,106553,106558,106560,106573,106577,106579,106598,106601,106624,106627,106638,106640,106721,106723,106740,106742,106748,106751,106846,106848,106879,106881,106889,106891,106894,107005,107007,107032,107034,107056,107061,107066,107072,107181,107183,107199,107202,107205,107288,107290,107307,107315,107317,107321,107327,107418,107420,107453,107458,107465,107542,107544,107561,107567,107569,107573,107589,107592,107618,107620,107681,107683,107806,107808,107859,107865,107867,107872,107874,107880,107883,107887,107890,107894,107897,107907,107909,107932],[10,106447,3448,106449,11199],{"id":106448},"python-setintersection-method",[44,106450,106451],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106453,1854,106454,106456],{},[44,106455,106451],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106458,106459],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[37,106461,106463],{"className":39,"code":106462,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[44,106464,106465,106485,106505,106509,106528,106538],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106466,106467,106469,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481,106483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106468,2430],{"class":53},[47,106470,58],{"class":57},[47,106472,10366],{"class":61},[47,106474,66],{"class":65},[47,106476,69],{"class":61},[47,106478,72],{"class":65},[47,106480,69],{"class":61},[47,106482,77],{"class":65},[47,106484,9184],{"class":61},[47,106486,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106488,2458],{"class":53},[47,106490,58],{"class":57},[47,106492,10366],{"class":61},[47,106494,1931],{"class":65},[47,106496,69],{"class":61},[47,106498,77],{"class":65},[47,106500,69],{"class":61},[47,106502,2333],{"class":65},[47,106504,9184],{"class":61},[47,106506,106507],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,106508,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,106510,106511,106513,106515,106517,106519,106522,106524,106526],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,106512,2106],{"class":53},[47,106514,58],{"class":57},[47,106516,56771],{"class":53},[47,106518,30],{"class":61},[47,106520,106521],{"class":173},"intersection",[47,106523,170],{"class":61},[47,106525,139],{"class":173},[47,106527,80],{"class":61},[47,106529,106530,106532,106534,106536],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,106531,167],{"class":166},[47,106533,170],{"class":61},[47,106535,2141],{"class":173},[47,106537,80],{"class":61},[47,106539,106540],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,106541,106542],{"class":1494},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106544,1967,106545,106547],{},[44,106546,102673],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[32,106549,12876,106551,12879],{"id":106550},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[44,106552,102673],{},[14,106554,106555,106557],{},[44,106556,102673],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106559,12932],{},[291,106561,106562,106565,106567,106570],{},[294,106563,106564],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[294,106566,100443],{},[294,106568,106569],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[294,106571,106572],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106574,96206,106575,30],{},[21,106576,96210],{"href":96209},[32,106578,2032],{"id":2031},[37,106580,106582],{"className":39,"code":106581,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[44,106583,106584],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106585,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106587,100467],{"class":53},[47,106589,30],{"class":61},[47,106591,106521],{"class":173},[47,106593,170],{"class":61},[47,106595,100476],{"class":173},[47,106597,80],{"class":61},[14,106599,106600],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[37,106602,106604],{"className":39,"code":106603,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[44,106605,106606],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106607,106608,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618,106620,106622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106609,100467],{"class":53},[47,106611,30],{"class":61},[47,106613,106521],{"class":173},[47,106615,170],{"class":61},[47,106617,100476],{"class":173},[47,106619,69],{"class":61},[47,106621,100503],{"class":173},[47,106623,80],{"class":61},[14,106625,106626],{},"Important notes:",[291,106628,106629,106632,106635],{},[294,106630,106631],{},"The result is always a new set",[294,106633,106634],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[294,106636,106637],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106639,2083],{},[37,106641,106643],{"className":39,"code":106642,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[44,106644,106645,106669,106689,106693,106711],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106646,106647,106649,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106648,2430],{"class":53},[47,106650,58],{"class":57},[47,106652,10366],{"class":61},[47,106654,66],{"class":65},[47,106656,69],{"class":61},[47,106658,72],{"class":65},[47,106660,69],{"class":61},[47,106662,77],{"class":65},[47,106664,69],{"class":61},[47,106666,2333],{"class":65},[47,106668,9184],{"class":61},[47,106670,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106672,2458],{"class":53},[47,106674,58],{"class":57},[47,106676,10366],{"class":61},[47,106678,1937],{"class":65},[47,106680,69],{"class":61},[47,106682,2333],{"class":65},[47,106684,69],{"class":61},[47,106686,4480],{"class":65},[47,106688,9184],{"class":61},[47,106690,106691],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,106692,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,106694,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707,106709],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,106696,2106],{"class":53},[47,106698,58],{"class":57},[47,106700,56771],{"class":53},[47,106702,30],{"class":61},[47,106704,106521],{"class":173},[47,106706,170],{"class":61},[47,106708,139],{"class":173},[47,106710,80],{"class":61},[47,106712,106713,106715,106717,106719],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,106714,167],{"class":166},[47,106716,170],{"class":61},[47,106718,2141],{"class":173},[47,106720,80],{"class":61},[14,106722,215],{},[37,106724,106726],{"className":39,"code":106725,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{3, 4}\n",[44,106727,106728],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106729,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106731,9153],{"class":61},[47,106733,1937],{"class":65},[47,106735,69],{"class":61},[47,106737,2333],{"class":65},[47,106739,9184],{"class":61},[32,106741,17296],{"id":17295},[14,106743,106744,21851,106746,30],{},[44,106745,102673],{},[575,106747,6161],{},[14,106749,106750],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[37,106752,106754],{"className":39,"code":106753,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[44,106755,106756,106776,106796,106800,106818,106822,106832],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106757,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770,106772,106774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106759,2430],{"class":53},[47,106761,58],{"class":57},[47,106763,10366],{"class":61},[47,106765,66],{"class":65},[47,106767,69],{"class":61},[47,106769,72],{"class":65},[47,106771,69],{"class":61},[47,106773,77],{"class":65},[47,106775,9184],{"class":61},[47,106777,106778,106780,106782,106784,106786,106788,106790,106792,106794],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106779,2458],{"class":53},[47,106781,58],{"class":57},[47,106783,10366],{"class":61},[47,106785,1931],{"class":65},[47,106787,69],{"class":61},[47,106789,77],{"class":65},[47,106791,69],{"class":61},[47,106793,2333],{"class":65},[47,106795,9184],{"class":61},[47,106797,106798],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,106799,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,106801,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814,106816],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,106803,2106],{"class":53},[47,106805,58],{"class":57},[47,106807,56771],{"class":53},[47,106809,30],{"class":61},[47,106811,106521],{"class":173},[47,106813,170],{"class":61},[47,106815,139],{"class":173},[47,106817,80],{"class":61},[47,106819,106820],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,106821,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,106823,106824,106826,106828,106830],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,106825,167],{"class":166},[47,106827,170],{"class":61},[47,106829,2141],{"class":173},[47,106831,80],{"class":61},[47,106833,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,106835,167],{"class":166},[47,106837,170],{"class":61},[47,106839,499],{"class":118},[47,106841,170],{"class":61},[47,106843,2141],{"class":173},[47,106845,506],{"class":61},[14,106847,215],{},[37,106849,106851],{"className":39,"code":106850,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[44,106852,106853,106865],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106854,106855,106857,106859,106861,106863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106856,9153],{"class":61},[47,106858,1931],{"class":65},[47,106860,69],{"class":61},[47,106862,77],{"class":65},[47,106864,9184],{"class":61},[47,106866,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106868,522],{"class":57},[47,106870,526],{"class":525},[47,106872,265],{"class":125},[47,106874,6161],{"class":129},[47,106876,256],{"class":125},[47,106878,536],{"class":57},[14,106880,85691],{},[291,106882,106883,106886],{},[294,106884,106885],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[294,106887,106888],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[32,106890,11353],{"id":11352},[14,106892,106893],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[37,106895,106897],{"className":39,"code":106896,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[44,106898,106899,106932,106965,106969,106990,106994],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,106900,106901,106904,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922,106924,106926,106928,106930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106902,106903],{"class":53},"colors1 ",[47,106905,58],{"class":57},[47,106907,10366],{"class":61},[47,106909,126],{"class":125},[47,106911,832],{"class":129},[47,106913,126],{"class":125},[47,106915,69],{"class":61},[47,106917,136],{"class":125},[47,106919,850],{"class":129},[47,106921,126],{"class":125},[47,106923,69],{"class":61},[47,106925,136],{"class":125},[47,106927,841],{"class":129},[47,106929,126],{"class":125},[47,106931,9184],{"class":61},[47,106933,106934,106937,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949,106951,106953,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106935,106936],{"class":53},"colors2 ",[47,106938,58],{"class":57},[47,106940,10366],{"class":61},[47,106942,126],{"class":125},[47,106944,841],{"class":129},[47,106946,126],{"class":125},[47,106948,69],{"class":61},[47,106950,136],{"class":125},[47,106952,22400],{"class":129},[47,106954,126],{"class":125},[47,106956,69],{"class":61},[47,106958,136],{"class":125},[47,106960,850],{"class":129},[47,106962,126],{"class":125},[47,106964,9184],{"class":61},[47,106966,106967],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,106968,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,106970,106971,106974,106976,106979,106981,106983,106985,106988],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,106972,106973],{"class":53},"common_colors ",[47,106975,58],{"class":57},[47,106977,106978],{"class":53}," colors1",[47,106980,30],{"class":61},[47,106982,106521],{"class":173},[47,106984,170],{"class":61},[47,106986,106987],{"class":173},"colors2",[47,106989,80],{"class":61},[47,106991,106992],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,106993,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,106995,106996,106998,107000,107003],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,106997,167],{"class":166},[47,106999,170],{"class":61},[47,107001,107002],{"class":173},"common_colors",[47,107004,80],{"class":61},[14,107006,215],{},[37,107008,107010],{"className":39,"code":107009,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[44,107011,107012],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107013,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107015,9153],{"class":61},[47,107017,256],{"class":125},[47,107019,850],{"class":129},[47,107021,256],{"class":125},[47,107023,69],{"class":61},[47,107025,265],{"class":125},[47,107027,841],{"class":129},[47,107029,256],{"class":125},[47,107031,9184],{"class":61},[14,107033,11562],{},[291,107035,107036,107042,107046,107051],{},[294,107037,107038,107041],{},[44,107039,107040],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[294,107043,107044,107041],{},[44,107045,106987],{},[294,107047,107048,107050],{},[44,107049,102673],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[294,107052,107053,107054],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[44,107055,107002],{},[32,107057,8294,107059,101040],{"id":107058},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[44,107060,102673],{},[14,107062,107063,107064,30],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[44,107065,102673],{},[14,107067,107068,107069,107071],{},"Only the values found in ",[575,107070,3589],{}," inputs will be kept.",[37,107073,107075],{"className":39,"code":107074,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[44,107076,107077,107101,107125,107145,107149,107171],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107078,107079,107081,107083,107085,107087,107089,107091,107093,107095,107097,107099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107080,2430],{"class":53},[47,107082,58],{"class":57},[47,107084,10366],{"class":61},[47,107086,66],{"class":65},[47,107088,69],{"class":61},[47,107090,72],{"class":65},[47,107092,69],{"class":61},[47,107094,77],{"class":65},[47,107096,69],{"class":61},[47,107098,2333],{"class":65},[47,107100,9184],{"class":61},[47,107102,107103,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117,107119,107121,107123],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107104,2458],{"class":53},[47,107106,58],{"class":57},[47,107108,10366],{"class":61},[47,107110,1931],{"class":65},[47,107112,69],{"class":61},[47,107114,77],{"class":65},[47,107116,69],{"class":61},[47,107118,2333],{"class":65},[47,107120,69],{"class":61},[47,107122,4480],{"class":65},[47,107124,9184],{"class":61},[47,107126,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107128,83065],{"class":53},[47,107130,58],{"class":57},[47,107132,10366],{"class":61},[47,107134,1937],{"class":65},[47,107136,69],{"class":61},[47,107138,2333],{"class":65},[47,107140,69],{"class":61},[47,107142,37525],{"class":65},[47,107144,9184],{"class":61},[47,107146,107147],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107148,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,107150,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,107152,2106],{"class":53},[47,107154,58],{"class":57},[47,107156,56771],{"class":53},[47,107158,30],{"class":61},[47,107160,106521],{"class":173},[47,107162,170],{"class":61},[47,107164,139],{"class":173},[47,107166,69],{"class":61},[47,107168,9557],{"class":173},[47,107170,80],{"class":61},[47,107172,107173,107175,107177,107179],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,107174,167],{"class":166},[47,107176,170],{"class":61},[47,107178,2141],{"class":173},[47,107180,80],{"class":61},[14,107182,215],{},[37,107184,107185],{"className":39,"code":106725,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,107186,107187],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107188,107189,107191,107193,107195,107197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107190,9153],{"class":61},[47,107192,1937],{"class":65},[47,107194,69],{"class":61},[47,107196,2333],{"class":65},[47,107198,9184],{"class":61},[14,107200,107201],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107203,107204],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[37,107206,107208],{"className":39,"code":107207,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[44,107209,107210,107234,107238,107278],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107211,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230,107232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107213,2430],{"class":53},[47,107215,58],{"class":57},[47,107217,10366],{"class":61},[47,107219,66],{"class":65},[47,107221,69],{"class":61},[47,107223,72],{"class":65},[47,107225,69],{"class":61},[47,107227,77],{"class":65},[47,107229,69],{"class":61},[47,107231,2333],{"class":65},[47,107233,9184],{"class":61},[47,107235,107236],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107237,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,107239,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260,107262,107264,107266,107268,107270,107272,107274,107276],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107241,2106],{"class":53},[47,107243,58],{"class":57},[47,107245,56771],{"class":53},[47,107247,30],{"class":61},[47,107249,106521],{"class":173},[47,107251,122],{"class":61},[47,107253,1931],{"class":65},[47,107255,69],{"class":61},[47,107257,2333],{"class":65},[47,107259,69],{"class":61},[47,107261,37525],{"class":65},[47,107263,17938],{"class":61},[47,107265,62],{"class":61},[47,107267,66],{"class":65},[47,107269,69],{"class":61},[47,107271,72],{"class":65},[47,107273,69],{"class":61},[47,107275,2333],{"class":65},[47,107277,506],{"class":61},[47,107279,107280,107282,107284,107286],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107281,167],{"class":166},[47,107283,170],{"class":61},[47,107285,2141],{"class":173},[47,107287,80],{"class":61},[14,107289,215],{},[37,107291,107293],{"className":39,"code":107292,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{2, 4}\n",[44,107294,107295],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107296,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107298,9153],{"class":61},[47,107300,1931],{"class":65},[47,107302,69],{"class":61},[47,107304,2333],{"class":65},[47,107306,9184],{"class":61},[32,107308,107310,10461,107312],{"id":107309},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[44,107311,102673],{},[44,107313,107314],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107316,101210],{},[773,107318,107319],{"id":106521},[44,107320,102673],{},[291,107322,107323,107325],{},[294,107324,101219],{},[294,107326,101222],{},[37,107328,107330],{"className":39,"code":107329,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[44,107331,107332,107352,107372,107376,107394,107398,107408],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107333,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342,107344,107346,107348,107350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107335,2430],{"class":53},[47,107337,58],{"class":57},[47,107339,10366],{"class":61},[47,107341,66],{"class":65},[47,107343,69],{"class":61},[47,107345,72],{"class":65},[47,107347,69],{"class":61},[47,107349,77],{"class":65},[47,107351,9184],{"class":61},[47,107353,107354,107356,107358,107360,107362,107364,107366,107368,107370],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107355,2458],{"class":53},[47,107357,58],{"class":57},[47,107359,10366],{"class":61},[47,107361,1931],{"class":65},[47,107363,69],{"class":61},[47,107365,77],{"class":65},[47,107367,69],{"class":61},[47,107369,2333],{"class":65},[47,107371,9184],{"class":61},[47,107373,107374],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107375,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,107377,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386,107388,107390,107392],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107379,2106],{"class":53},[47,107381,58],{"class":57},[47,107383,56771],{"class":53},[47,107385,30],{"class":61},[47,107387,106521],{"class":173},[47,107389,170],{"class":61},[47,107391,139],{"class":173},[47,107393,80],{"class":61},[47,107395,107396],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,107397,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,107399,107400,107402,107404,107406],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,107401,167],{"class":166},[47,107403,170],{"class":61},[47,107405,21],{"class":173},[47,107407,80],{"class":61},[47,107409,107410,107412,107414,107416],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,107411,167],{"class":166},[47,107413,170],{"class":61},[47,107415,2141],{"class":173},[47,107417,80],{"class":61},[14,107419,215],{},[37,107421,107423],{"className":39,"code":107422,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[44,107424,107425,107441],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107426,107427,107429,107431,107433,107435,107437,107439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107428,9153],{"class":61},[47,107430,66],{"class":65},[47,107432,69],{"class":61},[47,107434,72],{"class":65},[47,107436,69],{"class":61},[47,107438,77],{"class":65},[47,107440,9184],{"class":61},[47,107442,107443,107445,107447,107449,107451],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107444,9153],{"class":61},[47,107446,1931],{"class":65},[47,107448,69],{"class":61},[47,107450,77],{"class":65},[47,107452,9184],{"class":61},[773,107454,107456],{"id":107455},"intersection_update",[44,107457,107314],{},[291,107459,107460,107462],{},[294,107461,101362],{},[294,107463,107464],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[37,107466,107468],{"className":39,"code":107467,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[44,107469,107470,107490,107510,107514,107528,107532],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107471,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107473,2430],{"class":53},[47,107475,58],{"class":57},[47,107477,10366],{"class":61},[47,107479,66],{"class":65},[47,107481,69],{"class":61},[47,107483,72],{"class":65},[47,107485,69],{"class":61},[47,107487,77],{"class":65},[47,107489,9184],{"class":61},[47,107491,107492,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506,107508],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107493,2458],{"class":53},[47,107495,58],{"class":57},[47,107497,10366],{"class":61},[47,107499,1931],{"class":65},[47,107501,69],{"class":61},[47,107503,77],{"class":65},[47,107505,69],{"class":61},[47,107507,2333],{"class":65},[47,107509,9184],{"class":61},[47,107511,107512],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107513,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,107515,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107517,21],{"class":53},[47,107519,30],{"class":61},[47,107521,107455],{"class":173},[47,107523,170],{"class":61},[47,107525,139],{"class":173},[47,107527,80],{"class":61},[47,107529,107530],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,107531,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,107533,107534,107536,107538,107540],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,107535,167],{"class":166},[47,107537,170],{"class":61},[47,107539,21],{"class":173},[47,107541,80],{"class":61},[14,107543,215],{},[37,107545,107547],{"className":39,"code":107546,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{2, 3}\n",[44,107548,107549],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107550,107551,107553,107555,107557,107559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107552,9153],{"class":61},[47,107554,1931],{"class":65},[47,107556,69],{"class":61},[47,107558,77],{"class":65},[47,107560,9184],{"class":61},[14,107562,107563,107564,107566],{},"Choose ",[44,107565,102673],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[32,107568,4393],{"id":4392},[14,107570,14612,107571,2760],{},[44,107572,102673],{},[291,107574,107575,107578,107581,107584],{},[294,107576,107577],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[294,107579,107580],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[294,107582,107583],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[294,107585,107586,107587],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[44,107588,102673],{},[14,107590,107591],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[291,107593,107594,107599,107602,107615],{},[294,107595,8294,107596,107598],{},[44,107597,102673],{}," when order matters",[294,107600,107601],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[294,107603,1502,107604,8582,107606,25,107611],{},[44,107605,102673],{},[21,107607,107609],{"href":107608},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[44,107610,102681],{},[21,107612,107613],{"href":102722},[44,107614,100296],{},[294,107616,107617],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107619,30013],{},[37,107621,107623],{"className":39,"code":107622,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[44,107624,107625,107635,107649,107667],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107626,107627,107629,107631,107633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107628,167],{"class":166},[47,107630,170],{"class":61},[47,107632,15544],{"class":173},[47,107634,80],{"class":61},[47,107636,107637,107639,107641,107643,107645,107647],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107638,167],{"class":166},[47,107640,170],{"class":61},[47,107642,499],{"class":118},[47,107644,170],{"class":61},[47,107646,2141],{"class":173},[47,107648,506],{"class":61},[47,107650,107651,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661,107663,107665],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107652,167],{"class":166},[47,107654,170],{"class":61},[47,107656,100467],{"class":173},[47,107658,30],{"class":61},[47,107660,106521],{"class":173},[47,107662,170],{"class":61},[47,107664,100476],{"class":173},[47,107666,506],{"class":61},[47,107668,107669,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107670,167],{"class":166},[47,107672,170],{"class":61},[47,107674,1698],{"class":166},[47,107676,170],{"class":61},[47,107678,2141],{"class":173},[47,107680,506],{"class":61},[14,107682,2083],{},[37,107684,107686],{"className":39,"code":107685,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[44,107687,107688,107712,107732,107736,107754,107758,107768,107778,107792],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107689,107690,107692,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107691,54],{"class":53},[47,107693,58],{"class":57},[47,107695,10366],{"class":61},[47,107697,66],{"class":65},[47,107699,69],{"class":61},[47,107701,72],{"class":65},[47,107703,69],{"class":61},[47,107705,72],{"class":65},[47,107707,69],{"class":61},[47,107709,77],{"class":65},[47,107711,9184],{"class":61},[47,107713,107714,107716,107718,107720,107722,107724,107726,107728,107730],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107715,43431],{"class":53},[47,107717,58],{"class":57},[47,107719,10366],{"class":61},[47,107721,1931],{"class":65},[47,107723,69],{"class":61},[47,107725,77],{"class":65},[47,107727,69],{"class":61},[47,107729,2333],{"class":65},[47,107731,9184],{"class":61},[47,107733,107734],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107735,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,107737,107738,107740,107742,107744,107746,107748,107750,107752],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107739,2106],{"class":53},[47,107741,58],{"class":57},[47,107743,4136],{"class":53},[47,107745,30],{"class":61},[47,107747,106521],{"class":173},[47,107749,170],{"class":61},[47,107751,30621],{"class":173},[47,107753,80],{"class":61},[47,107755,107756],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,107757,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,107759,107760,107762,107764,107766],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,107761,167],{"class":166},[47,107763,170],{"class":61},[47,107765,174],{"class":173},[47,107767,80],{"class":61},[47,107769,107770,107772,107774,107776],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,107771,167],{"class":166},[47,107773,170],{"class":61},[47,107775,2141],{"class":173},[47,107777,80],{"class":61},[47,107779,107780,107782,107784,107786,107788,107790],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,107781,167],{"class":166},[47,107783,170],{"class":61},[47,107785,499],{"class":118},[47,107787,170],{"class":61},[47,107789,2141],{"class":173},[47,107791,506],{"class":61},[47,107793,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802,107804],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,107795,167],{"class":166},[47,107797,170],{"class":61},[47,107799,1698],{"class":166},[47,107801,170],{"class":61},[47,107803,2141],{"class":173},[47,107805,506],{"class":61},[14,107807,215],{},[37,107809,107811],{"className":39,"code":107810,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[44,107812,107813,107829,107841,107855],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107814,107815,107817,107819,107821,107823,107825,107827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107816,9153],{"class":61},[47,107818,66],{"class":65},[47,107820,69],{"class":61},[47,107822,72],{"class":65},[47,107824,69],{"class":61},[47,107826,77],{"class":65},[47,107828,9184],{"class":61},[47,107830,107831,107833,107835,107837,107839],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107832,9153],{"class":61},[47,107834,1931],{"class":65},[47,107836,69],{"class":61},[47,107838,77],{"class":65},[47,107840,9184],{"class":61},[47,107842,107843,107845,107847,107849,107851,107853],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107844,522],{"class":57},[47,107846,526],{"class":525},[47,107848,265],{"class":125},[47,107850,6161],{"class":129},[47,107852,256],{"class":125},[47,107854,536],{"class":57},[47,107856,107857],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107858,16933],{"class":65},[14,107860,107861,107862,107864],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[44,107863,1931],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[32,107866,1708],{"id":1707},[773,107868,12584,107870,102621],{"id":107869},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[44,107871,102673],{},[14,107873,102624],{},[773,107875,5044,107877,107879],{"id":107876},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[44,107878,102673],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107881,107882],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[773,107884,107886],{"id":107885},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107888,107889],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[773,107891,107893],{"id":107892},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107895,107896],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[37,107898,107899],{"className":39,"code":97340,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,107900,107901],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107902,107903,107905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107904,6161],{"class":118},[47,107906,241],{"class":61},[32,107908,1758],{"id":1757},[291,107910,107911,107915,107922,107928],{},[294,107912,107913],{},[21,107914,96210],{"href":96209},[294,107916,107917],{},[21,107918,3448,107919,10617],{"href":107608},[44,107920,107921],{},"set.union()",[294,107923,107924],{},[21,107925,3448,107926,10617],{"href":102722},[44,107927,100301],{},[294,107929,107930],{},[21,107931,100226],{"href":105223},[1796,107933,107934],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":107936},[107937,107939,107940,107941,107942,107944,107949,107950,107958],{"id":106550,"depth":83,"text":107938},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":107058,"depth":83,"text":107943},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107309,"depth":83,"text":107945,"children":107946},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107947,107948],{"id":106521,"depth":94,"text":102673},{"id":107455,"depth":94,"text":107314},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":107951},[107952,107954,107956,107957],{"id":107869,"depth":94,"text":107953},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107876,"depth":94,"text":107955},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107885,"depth":94,"text":107886},{"id":107892,"depth":94,"text":107893},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106443,"description":107959},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107966,"title":107967,"body":107968,"description":109204,"extension":1837,"meta":109205,"navigation":159,"path":109206,"seo":109207,"stem":109208,"__hash__":109209},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107969,"toc":109171},[107970,107975,107981,107990,107992,108067,108072,108087,108097,108102,108106,108119,108123,108125,108140,108142,108158,108160,108235,108239,108242,108244,108261,108266,108321,108326,108338,108342,108345,108446,108448,108489,108492,108496,108503,108505,108530,108533,108551,108558,108564,108567,108649,108656,108659,108739,108748,108751,108756,108760,108774,108823,108828,108832,108843,108892,108903,108908,108912,108924,108973,108984,108986,108990,109013,109015,109072,109074,109088,109090,109096,109102,109108,109117,109121,109128,109132,109140,109142,109168],[10,107971,96082,107973,11199],{"id":107972},"python-set-pop-method",[44,107974,12642],{},[14,107976,107977,107980],{},[44,107978,107979],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,107982,107983,107984,107986,107987,107989],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[575,107985,577],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[44,107988,12642],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[32,107991,35],{"id":34},[37,107993,107995],{"className":39,"code":107994,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[44,107996,107997,108029,108043,108047,108057],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,107998,107999,108001,108003,108005,108007,108009,108011,108013,108015,108017,108019,108021,108023,108025,108027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108000,7654],{"class":53},[47,108002,58],{"class":57},[47,108004,10366],{"class":61},[47,108006,126],{"class":125},[47,108008,405],{"class":129},[47,108010,126],{"class":125},[47,108012,69],{"class":61},[47,108014,136],{"class":125},[47,108016,3960],{"class":129},[47,108018,126],{"class":125},[47,108020,69],{"class":61},[47,108022,136],{"class":125},[47,108024,3969],{"class":129},[47,108026,126],{"class":125},[47,108028,9184],{"class":61},[47,108030,108031,108033,108035,108037,108039,108041],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108032,69813],{"class":53},[47,108034,58],{"class":57},[47,108036,5840],{"class":53},[47,108038,30],{"class":61},[47,108040,26118],{"class":173},[47,108042,241],{"class":61},[47,108044,108045],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108046,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,108048,108049,108051,108053,108055],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,108050,167],{"class":166},[47,108052,170],{"class":61},[47,108054,69836],{"class":173},[47,108056,80],{"class":61},[47,108058,108059,108061,108063,108065],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,108060,167],{"class":166},[47,108062,170],{"class":61},[47,108064,7684],{"class":173},[47,108066,80],{"class":61},[14,108068,108069],{},[575,108070,108071],{},"What this does:",[291,108073,108074,108079,108084],{},[294,108075,108076,108077],{},"Removes one item from ",[44,108078,7684],{},[294,108080,108081,108082],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[44,108083,69836],{},[294,108085,108086],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108088,108089,88842,108091,108093,108094,108096],{},[575,108090,83700],{},[44,108092,107979],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[575,108095,577],{}," chosen by index.",[32,108098,3550,108100,3553],{"id":108099},"what-setpop-does",[44,108101,107979],{},[14,108103,108104,2760],{},[44,108105,107979],{},[291,108107,108108,108110,108113,108116],{},[294,108109,102924],{},[294,108111,108112],{},"Returns the removed item",[294,108114,108115],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[294,108117,108118],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108120,96206,108121,30],{},[21,108122,96210],{"href":97381},[32,108124,2032],{"id":2031},[37,108126,108128],{"className":39,"code":108127,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.pop()\n",[44,108129,108130],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,108131,108132,108134,108136,108138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108133,15544],{"class":53},[47,108135,30],{"class":61},[47,108137,26118],{"class":173},[47,108139,241],{"class":61},[14,108141,12932],{},[291,108143,108144,108150,108155],{},[294,108145,108146,108147],{},"The syntax is ",[44,108148,108149],{},"my_set.pop()",[294,108151,108152,108153],{},"It takes ",[575,108154,28565],{},[294,108156,108157],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108159,2083],{},[37,108161,108163],{"className":39,"code":108162,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[44,108164,108165,108197,108211,108215,108225],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,108166,108167,108169,108171,108173,108175,108177,108179,108181,108183,108185,108187,108189,108191,108193,108195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108168,823],{"class":53},[47,108170,58],{"class":57},[47,108172,10366],{"class":61},[47,108174,126],{"class":125},[47,108176,832],{"class":129},[47,108178,126],{"class":125},[47,108180,69],{"class":61},[47,108182,136],{"class":125},[47,108184,850],{"class":129},[47,108186,126],{"class":125},[47,108188,69],{"class":61},[47,108190,136],{"class":125},[47,108192,841],{"class":129},[47,108194,126],{"class":125},[47,108196,9184],{"class":61},[47,108198,108199,108201,108203,108205,108207,108209],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108200,1304],{"class":53},[47,108202,58],{"class":57},[47,108204,13001],{"class":53},[47,108206,30],{"class":61},[47,108208,26118],{"class":173},[47,108210,241],{"class":61},[47,108212,108213],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108214,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,108216,108217,108219,108221,108223],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,108218,167],{"class":166},[47,108220,170],{"class":61},[47,108222,1329],{"class":173},[47,108224,80],{"class":61},[47,108226,108227,108229,108231,108233],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,108228,167],{"class":166},[47,108230,170],{"class":61},[47,108232,863],{"class":173},[47,108234,80],{"class":61},[32,108236,108238],{"id":108237},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108240,108241],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108243,1982],{},[291,108245,108246,108252,108255],{},[294,108247,108248,108249,108251],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[44,108250,12642],{}," removes",[294,108253,108254],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[294,108256,108257,108258,108260],{},"You should not use ",[44,108259,12642],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108262,10336,108263,108265],{},[575,108264,577],{}," valid:",[37,108267,108269],{"className":39,"code":108268,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[44,108270,108271,108303],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,108272,108273,108275,108277,108279,108281,108283,108285,108287,108289,108291,108293,108295,108297,108299,108301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108274,36120],{"class":53},[47,108276,58],{"class":57},[47,108278,10366],{"class":61},[47,108280,126],{"class":125},[47,108282,405],{"class":129},[47,108284,126],{"class":125},[47,108286,69],{"class":61},[47,108288,136],{"class":125},[47,108290,3960],{"class":129},[47,108292,126],{"class":125},[47,108294,69],{"class":61},[47,108296,136],{"class":125},[47,108298,3969],{"class":129},[47,108300,126],{"class":125},[47,108302,9184],{"class":61},[47,108304,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317,108319],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108306,36172],{"class":53},[47,108308,30],{"class":61},[47,108310,26118],{"class":173},[47,108312,170],{"class":61},[47,108314,126],{"class":125},[47,108316,405],{"class":129},[47,108318,126],{"class":125},[47,108320,80],{"class":61},[14,108322,39534,108323,108325],{},[44,108324,107979],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108327,108328,108329,25,108333,30],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[21,108330,108331],{"href":98091},[44,108332,102750],{},[21,108334,108336],{"href":108335},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[44,108337,102741],{},[32,108339,108341],{"id":108340},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108343,108344],{},"Here is a simple example:",[37,108346,108348],{"className":39,"code":108347,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[44,108349,108350,108384,108388,108404,108408,108427],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,108351,108352,108355,108357,108359,108361,108363,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373,108375,108377,108380,108382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108353,108354],{"class":53},"animals ",[47,108356,58],{"class":57},[47,108358,10366],{"class":61},[47,108360,126],{"class":125},[47,108362,36929],{"class":129},[47,108364,126],{"class":125},[47,108366,69],{"class":61},[47,108368,136],{"class":125},[47,108370,58010],{"class":129},[47,108372,126],{"class":125},[47,108374,69],{"class":61},[47,108376,136],{"class":125},[47,108378,108379],{"class":129},"rabbit",[47,108381,126],{"class":125},[47,108383,9184],{"class":61},[47,108385,108386],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108387,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,108389,108390,108393,108395,108398,108400,108402],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108391,108392],{"class":53},"removed_animal ",[47,108394,58],{"class":57},[47,108396,108397],{"class":53}," animals",[47,108399,30],{"class":61},[47,108401,26118],{"class":173},[47,108403,241],{"class":61},[47,108405,108406],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,108407,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,108409,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422,108425],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,108411,167],{"class":166},[47,108413,170],{"class":61},[47,108415,126],{"class":125},[47,108417,28833],{"class":129},[47,108419,126],{"class":125},[47,108421,69],{"class":61},[47,108423,108424],{"class":173}," removed_animal",[47,108426,80],{"class":61},[47,108428,108429,108431,108433,108435,108438,108440,108442,108444],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,108430,167],{"class":166},[47,108432,170],{"class":61},[47,108434,126],{"class":125},[47,108436,108437],{"class":129},"Updated set:",[47,108439,126],{"class":125},[47,108441,69],{"class":61},[47,108443,108397],{"class":173},[47,108445,80],{"class":61},[14,108447,29907],{},[37,108449,108451],{"className":39,"code":108450,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[44,108452,108453,108462],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,108454,108455,108457,108459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108456,28875],{"class":53},[47,108458,2760],{"class":61},[47,108460,108461],{"class":53}," dog\n",[47,108463,108464,108467,108469,108471,108473,108475,108477,108479,108481,108483,108485,108487],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108465,108466],{"class":53},"Updated ",[47,108468,6161],{"class":118},[47,108470,2760],{"class":61},[47,108472,10366],{"class":61},[47,108474,256],{"class":125},[47,108476,36929],{"class":129},[47,108478,256],{"class":125},[47,108480,69],{"class":61},[47,108482,265],{"class":125},[47,108484,108379],{"class":129},[47,108486,256],{"class":125},[47,108488,9184],{"class":61},[14,108490,108491],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[32,108493,108495],{"id":108494},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108497,29527,108498,108500,108501,30],{},[44,108499,12642],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[44,108502,19564],{},[14,108504,2083],{},[37,108506,108508],{"className":39,"code":108507,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[44,108509,108510,108520],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,108511,108512,108514,108516,108518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108513,7654],{"class":53},[47,108515,58],{"class":57},[47,108517,15511],{"class":118},[47,108519,241],{"class":61},[47,108521,108522,108524,108526,108528],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108523,7684],{"class":53},[47,108525,30],{"class":61},[47,108527,26118],{"class":173},[47,108529,241],{"class":61},[14,108531,108532],{},"This raises:",[37,108534,108536],{"className":39,"code":108535,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[44,108537,108538],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,108539,108540,108542,108544,108546,108549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108541,19564],{"class":118},[47,108543,2760],{"class":61},[47,108545,265],{"class":125},[47,108547,108548],{"class":129},"pop from an empty set",[47,108550,29577],{"class":125},[14,108552,108553,108554,108557],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[21,108555,108556],{"href":10951},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[773,108559,108561,108562],{"id":108560},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[44,108563,12642],{},[14,108565,108566],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[37,108568,108570],{"className":39,"code":108569,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[44,108571,108572,108582,108586,108594,108609,108628,108634],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,108573,108574,108576,108578,108580],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108575,7654],{"class":53},[47,108577,58],{"class":57},[47,108579,15511],{"class":118},[47,108581,241],{"class":61},[47,108583,108584],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108585,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,108587,108588,108590,108592],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108589,6871],{"class":3749},[47,108591,5840],{"class":53},[47,108593,6268],{"class":61},[47,108595,108596,108599,108601,108603,108605,108607],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,108597,108598],{"class":53},"    removed ",[47,108600,58],{"class":57},[47,108602,5840],{"class":53},[47,108604,30],{"class":61},[47,108606,26118],{"class":173},[47,108608,241],{"class":61},[47,108610,108611,108613,108615,108617,108619,108621,108623,108626],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,108612,7944],{"class":166},[47,108614,170],{"class":61},[47,108616,126],{"class":125},[47,108618,28833],{"class":129},[47,108620,126],{"class":125},[47,108622,69],{"class":61},[47,108624,108625],{"class":173}," removed",[47,108627,80],{"class":61},[47,108629,108630,108632],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,108631,27311],{"class":3749},[47,108633,6268],{"class":61},[47,108635,108636,108638,108640,108642,108645,108647],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,108637,7944],{"class":166},[47,108639,170],{"class":61},[47,108641,126],{"class":125},[47,108643,108644],{"class":129},"The set is empty.",[47,108646,126],{"class":125},[47,108648,80],{"class":61},[773,108650,1967,108652,4267,108654],{"id":108651},"use-try-and-except",[44,108653,29681],{},[44,108655,29712],{},[14,108657,108658],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[37,108660,108662],{"className":39,"code":108661,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[44,108663,108664,108674,108678,108684,108698,108716,108724],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,108665,108666,108668,108670,108672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108667,7654],{"class":53},[47,108669,58],{"class":57},[47,108671,15511],{"class":118},[47,108673,241],{"class":61},[47,108675,108676],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108677,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,108679,108680,108682],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108681,29681],{"class":3749},[47,108683,6268],{"class":61},[47,108685,108686,108688,108690,108692,108694,108696],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,108687,108598],{"class":53},[47,108689,58],{"class":57},[47,108691,5840],{"class":53},[47,108693,30],{"class":61},[47,108695,26118],{"class":173},[47,108697,241],{"class":61},[47,108699,108700,108702,108704,108706,108708,108710,108712,108714],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,108701,7944],{"class":166},[47,108703,170],{"class":61},[47,108705,126],{"class":125},[47,108707,28833],{"class":129},[47,108709,126],{"class":125},[47,108711,69],{"class":61},[47,108713,108625],{"class":173},[47,108715,80],{"class":61},[47,108717,108718,108720,108722],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,108719,29712],{"class":3749},[47,108721,29715],{"class":118},[47,108723,6268],{"class":61},[47,108725,108726,108728,108730,108732,108735,108737],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,108727,7944],{"class":166},[47,108729,170],{"class":61},[47,108731,126],{"class":125},[47,108733,108734],{"class":129},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[47,108736,126],{"class":125},[47,108738,80],{"class":61},[32,108740,4836,108742,10461,108744,10461,108746],{"id":108741},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[44,108743,12642],{},[44,108745,55414],{},[44,108747,102736],{},[14,108749,108750],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[773,108752,1967,108754],{"id":108753},"use-pop",[44,108755,12642],{},[14,108757,1967,108758,10477],{},[44,108759,12642],{},[291,108761,108762,108768,108771],{},[294,108763,108764,108765],{},"You want to remove ",[575,108766,108767],{},"any one item",[294,108769,108770],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[294,108772,108773],{},"You want the removed item returned",[37,108775,108777],{"className":39,"code":108776,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[44,108778,108779,108799,108813],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,108780,108781,108783,108785,108787,108789,108791,108793,108795,108797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108782,54],{"class":53},[47,108784,58],{"class":57},[47,108786,10366],{"class":61},[47,108788,66],{"class":65},[47,108790,69],{"class":61},[47,108792,72],{"class":65},[47,108794,69],{"class":61},[47,108796,77],{"class":65},[47,108798,9184],{"class":61},[47,108800,108801,108803,108805,108807,108809,108811],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108802,588],{"class":53},[47,108804,58],{"class":57},[47,108806,4136],{"class":53},[47,108808,30],{"class":61},[47,108810,26118],{"class":173},[47,108812,241],{"class":61},[47,108814,108815,108817,108819,108821],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108816,167],{"class":166},[47,108818,170],{"class":61},[47,108820,605],{"class":173},[47,108822,80],{"class":61},[773,108824,1967,108826],{"id":108825},"use-remove",[44,108827,55414],{},[14,108829,1967,108830,10477],{},[44,108831,55414],{},[291,108833,108834,108840],{},[294,108835,108836,108837],{},"You want to delete a ",[575,108838,108839],{},"specific item",[294,108841,108842],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[37,108844,108846],{"className":39,"code":108845,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,108847,108848,108868,108882],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,108849,108850,108852,108854,108856,108858,108860,108862,108864,108866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108851,54],{"class":53},[47,108853,58],{"class":57},[47,108855,10366],{"class":61},[47,108857,66],{"class":65},[47,108859,69],{"class":61},[47,108861,72],{"class":65},[47,108863,69],{"class":61},[47,108865,77],{"class":65},[47,108867,9184],{"class":61},[47,108869,108870,108872,108874,108876,108878,108880],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108871,174],{"class":53},[47,108873,30],{"class":61},[47,108875,34675],{"class":173},[47,108877,170],{"class":61},[47,108879,1931],{"class":65},[47,108881,80],{"class":61},[47,108883,108884,108886,108888,108890],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108885,167],{"class":166},[47,108887,170],{"class":61},[47,108889,174],{"class":173},[47,108891,80],{"class":61},[14,108893,108894,108895,108897,108898,108902],{},"If the item is missing, ",[44,108896,55414],{}," raises an error. See the ",[21,108899,108900,10617],{"href":98091},[44,108901,102750],{}," for details.",[773,108904,1967,108906],{"id":108905},"use-discard",[44,108907,102736],{},[14,108909,1967,108910,10477],{},[44,108911,102736],{},[291,108913,108914,108918],{},[294,108915,108836,108916],{},[575,108917,108839],{},[294,108919,108920,108921,108923],{},"You do ",[575,108922,577],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[37,108925,108927],{"className":39,"code":108926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,108928,108929,108949,108963],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,108930,108931,108933,108935,108937,108939,108941,108943,108945,108947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108932,54],{"class":53},[47,108934,58],{"class":57},[47,108936,10366],{"class":61},[47,108938,66],{"class":65},[47,108940,69],{"class":61},[47,108942,72],{"class":65},[47,108944,69],{"class":61},[47,108946,77],{"class":65},[47,108948,9184],{"class":61},[47,108950,108951,108953,108955,108957,108959,108961],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108952,174],{"class":53},[47,108954,30],{"class":61},[47,108956,102803],{"class":173},[47,108958,170],{"class":61},[47,108960,104],{"class":65},[47,108962,80],{"class":61},[47,108964,108965,108967,108969,108971],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108966,167],{"class":166},[47,108968,170],{"class":61},[47,108970,174],{"class":173},[47,108972,80],{"class":61},[14,108974,108975,108976,108978,108979,108983],{},"This does nothing if ",[44,108977,104],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[21,108980,108981,10617],{"href":108335},[44,108982,102741],{}," for more examples.",[32,108985,1284],{"id":1283},[14,108987,71359,108988,2760],{},[44,108989,107979],{},[291,108991,108992,108998,109003,109008],{},[294,108993,108994,108995],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[44,108996,108997],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[294,108999,8330,109000,109002],{},[44,109001,12642],{}," to remove the first or last item",[294,109004,29527,109005,109007],{},[44,109006,12642],{}," on an empty set",[294,109009,8294,109010,109012],{},[44,109011,12642],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109014,62176],{},[37,109016,109018],{"className":39,"code":109017,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[44,109019,109020,109030,109044,109058],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109021,109022,109024,109026,109028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109023,167],{"class":166},[47,109025,170],{"class":61},[47,109027,15544],{"class":173},[47,109029,80],{"class":61},[47,109031,109032,109034,109036,109038,109040,109042],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109033,167],{"class":166},[47,109035,170],{"class":61},[47,109037,1698],{"class":166},[47,109039,170],{"class":61},[47,109041,15544],{"class":173},[47,109043,506],{"class":61},[47,109045,109046,109048,109050,109052,109054,109056],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,109047,167],{"class":166},[47,109049,170],{"class":61},[47,109051,499],{"class":118},[47,109053,170],{"class":61},[47,109055,15544],{"class":173},[47,109057,506],{"class":61},[47,109059,109060,109062,109064,109066,109068,109070],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,109061,1304],{"class":53},[47,109063,58],{"class":57},[47,109065,96806],{"class":53},[47,109067,30],{"class":61},[47,109069,26118],{"class":173},[47,109071,241],{"class":61},[14,109073,25885],{},[291,109075,109076,109079,109082,109085],{},[294,109077,109078],{},"What values are in the set",[294,109080,109081],{},"Whether the set is empty",[294,109083,109084],{},"That the object is really a set",[294,109086,109087],{},"What value was actually removed",[32,109089,1708],{"id":1707},[773,109091,12584,109093,109095],{"id":109092},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[44,109094,107979],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109097,109098,109099,109101],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[44,109100,12642],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[773,109103,109105,109106,2368],{"id":109104},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[44,109107,107979],{},[14,109109,109110,109111,109113,109114,109116],{},"No. Unlike list ",[44,109112,12642],{},", set ",[44,109115,12642],{}," does not accept an index.",[773,109118,109120],{"id":109119},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109122,71528,109123,44512,109125,109127],{},[44,109124,19564],{},[44,109126,12642],{}," is called on an empty set.",[773,109129,109131],{"id":109130},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109133,1967,109134,25,109136,10969,109138,30],{},[44,109135,55414],{},[44,109137,102736],{},[44,109139,12642],{},[32,109141,1758],{"id":1757},[291,109143,109144,109148,109154,109160,109164],{},[294,109145,109146],{},[21,109147,96210],{"href":97381},[294,109149,109150],{},[21,109151,96696,109152,10617],{"href":98091},[44,109153,55414],{},[294,109155,109156],{},[21,109157,96696,109158,10617],{"href":108335},[44,109159,102736],{},[294,109161,109162],{},[21,109163,11139],{"href":10951},[294,109165,109166],{},[21,109167,55400],{"href":54952},[1796,109169,109170],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":109172},[109173,109174,109176,109177,109178,109179,109185,109194,109195,109203],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":108099,"depth":83,"text":109175},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":108237,"depth":83,"text":108238},{"id":108340,"depth":83,"text":108341},{"id":108494,"depth":83,"text":108495,"children":109180},[109181,109183],{"id":108560,"depth":94,"text":109182},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108651,"depth":94,"text":109184},"Use try and except",{"id":108741,"depth":83,"text":109186,"children":109187},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109188,109190,109192],{"id":108753,"depth":94,"text":109189},"Use pop()",{"id":108825,"depth":94,"text":109191},"Use remove()",{"id":108905,"depth":94,"text":109193},"Use discard()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":109196},[109197,109199,109201,109202],{"id":109092,"depth":94,"text":109198},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109104,"depth":94,"text":109200},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109119,"depth":94,"text":109120},{"id":109130,"depth":94,"text":109131},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107967,"description":109204},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109211,"title":109212,"body":109213,"description":110367,"extension":1837,"meta":110368,"navigation":159,"path":110369,"seo":110370,"stem":110371,"__hash__":110372},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109214,"toc":110335},[109215,109220,109225,109234,109236,109301,109305,109329,109336,109341,109345,109360,109363,109365,109384,109398,109401,109449,109453,109469,109471,109544,109548,109573,109579,109587,109591,109598,109653,109658,109675,109681,109687,109692,109700,109707,109711,109719,109774,109776,109793,109797,109804,109869,109873,109906,109908,109920,109927,109929,109934,109941,109943,110012,110016,110024,110026,110090,110094,110099,110146,110151,110219,110227,110234,110237,110243,110248,110252,110254,110257,110259,110264,110269,110275,110280,110287,110295,110301,110304,110306,110332],[10,109216,96082,109218,11199],{"id":109217},"python-set-remove-method",[44,109219,55414],{},[14,109221,109222,109224],{},[44,109223,102750],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109226,109227,109228,109231,109232,30],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[575,109229,109230],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[44,109233,19564],{},[32,109235,35],{"id":34},[37,109237,109239],{"className":39,"code":109238,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[44,109240,109241,109273,109291],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109242,109243,109245,109247,109249,109251,109253,109255,109257,109259,109261,109263,109265,109267,109269,109271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109244,823],{"class":53},[47,109246,58],{"class":57},[47,109248,10366],{"class":61},[47,109250,126],{"class":125},[47,109252,832],{"class":129},[47,109254,126],{"class":125},[47,109256,69],{"class":61},[47,109258,136],{"class":125},[47,109260,850],{"class":129},[47,109262,126],{"class":125},[47,109264,69],{"class":61},[47,109266,136],{"class":125},[47,109268,841],{"class":129},[47,109270,126],{"class":125},[47,109272,9184],{"class":61},[47,109274,109275,109277,109279,109281,109283,109285,109287,109289],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109276,863],{"class":53},[47,109278,30],{"class":61},[47,109280,34675],{"class":173},[47,109282,170],{"class":61},[47,109284,126],{"class":125},[47,109286,850],{"class":129},[47,109288,126],{"class":125},[47,109290,80],{"class":61},[47,109292,109293,109295,109297,109299],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,109294,167],{"class":166},[47,109296,170],{"class":61},[47,109298,863],{"class":173},[47,109300,80],{"class":61},[14,109302,109303],{},[575,109304,29907],{},[37,109306,109307],{"className":39,"code":103430,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,109308,109309],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109310,109311,109313,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109312,9153],{"class":61},[47,109314,256],{"class":125},[47,109316,832],{"class":129},[47,109318,256],{"class":125},[47,109320,69],{"class":61},[47,109322,265],{"class":125},[47,109324,841],{"class":129},[47,109326,256],{"class":125},[47,109328,9184],{"class":61},[14,109330,1967,109331,109333,109334,30],{},[44,109332,55414],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[44,109335,19564],{},[32,109337,3550,109339,3553],{"id":109338},"what-setremove-does",[44,109340,102750],{},[14,109342,109343,2760],{},[44,109344,102750],{},[291,109346,109347,109350,109352,109354],{},[294,109348,109349],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[294,109351,96197],{},[294,109353,96200],{},[294,109355,109356,109357,109359],{},"Raises ",[44,109358,19564],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109361,109362],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[32,109364,2032],{"id":2031},[37,109366,109368],{"className":39,"code":109367,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[44,109369,109370],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109371,109372,109374,109376,109378,109380,109382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109373,15544],{"class":53},[47,109375,30],{"class":61},[47,109377,34675],{"class":173},[47,109379,170],{"class":61},[47,109381,605],{"class":173},[47,109383,80],{"class":61},[291,109385,109386,109390,109395],{},[294,109387,109388,102972],{},[44,109389,15544],{},[294,109391,109392,109394],{},[44,109393,605],{}," is the item to remove",[294,109396,109397],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109399,109400],{},"Here is a small example:",[37,109402,109403],{"className":39,"code":108845,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,109404,109405,109425,109439],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109406,109407,109409,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421,109423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109408,54],{"class":53},[47,109410,58],{"class":57},[47,109412,10366],{"class":61},[47,109414,66],{"class":65},[47,109416,69],{"class":61},[47,109418,72],{"class":65},[47,109420,69],{"class":61},[47,109422,77],{"class":65},[47,109424,9184],{"class":61},[47,109426,109427,109429,109431,109433,109435,109437],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109428,174],{"class":53},[47,109430,30],{"class":61},[47,109432,34675],{"class":173},[47,109434,170],{"class":61},[47,109436,1931],{"class":65},[47,109438,80],{"class":61},[47,109440,109441,109443,109445,109447],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,109442,167],{"class":166},[47,109444,170],{"class":61},[47,109446,174],{"class":173},[47,109448,80],{"class":61},[14,109450,109451],{},[575,109452,29907],{},[37,109454,109455],{"className":39,"code":101180,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,109456,109457],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109458,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109460,9153],{"class":61},[47,109462,66],{"class":65},[47,109464,69],{"class":61},[47,109466,77],{"class":65},[47,109468,9184],{"class":61},[32,109470,11353],{"id":11352},[37,109472,109474],{"className":39,"code":109473,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[44,109475,109476,109508,109512,109530,109534],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109477,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109479,36120],{"class":53},[47,109481,58],{"class":57},[47,109483,10366],{"class":61},[47,109485,126],{"class":125},[47,109487,405],{"class":129},[47,109489,126],{"class":125},[47,109491,69],{"class":61},[47,109493,136],{"class":125},[47,109495,3960],{"class":129},[47,109497,126],{"class":125},[47,109499,69],{"class":61},[47,109501,136],{"class":125},[47,109503,33100],{"class":129},[47,109505,126],{"class":125},[47,109507,9184],{"class":61},[47,109509,109510],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109511,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,109513,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526,109528],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,109515,36172],{"class":53},[47,109517,30],{"class":61},[47,109519,34675],{"class":173},[47,109521,170],{"class":61},[47,109523,126],{"class":125},[47,109525,3960],{"class":129},[47,109527,126],{"class":125},[47,109529,80],{"class":61},[47,109531,109532],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,109533,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,109535,109536,109538,109540,109542],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,109537,167],{"class":166},[47,109539,170],{"class":61},[47,109541,36172],{"class":173},[47,109543,80],{"class":61},[14,109545,109546],{},[575,109547,29907],{},[37,109549,109551],{"className":39,"code":109550,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[44,109552,109553],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109554,109555,109557,109559,109561,109563,109565,109567,109569,109571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109556,9153],{"class":61},[47,109558,256],{"class":125},[47,109560,405],{"class":129},[47,109562,256],{"class":125},[47,109564,69],{"class":61},[47,109566,265],{"class":125},[47,109568,33100],{"class":129},[47,109570,256],{"class":125},[47,109572,9184],{"class":61},[14,109574,109575,109576,109578],{},"This removes ",[44,109577,65153],{}," from the set.",[14,109580,109581,109582,109584,109585,30],{},"A set does ",[575,109583,577],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[21,109586,96214],{"href":97765},[32,109588,109590],{"id":109589},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109592,109593,109594,52379,109596,30],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[44,109595,55414],{},[44,109597,19564],{},[37,109599,109601],{"className":39,"code":109600,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[44,109602,109603,109635],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109604,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109606,823],{"class":53},[47,109608,58],{"class":57},[47,109610,10366],{"class":61},[47,109612,126],{"class":125},[47,109614,832],{"class":129},[47,109616,126],{"class":125},[47,109618,69],{"class":61},[47,109620,136],{"class":125},[47,109622,850],{"class":129},[47,109624,126],{"class":125},[47,109626,69],{"class":61},[47,109628,136],{"class":125},[47,109630,841],{"class":129},[47,109632,126],{"class":125},[47,109634,9184],{"class":61},[47,109636,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645,109647,109649,109651],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109638,863],{"class":53},[47,109640,30],{"class":61},[47,109642,34675],{"class":173},[47,109644,170],{"class":61},[47,109646,126],{"class":125},[47,109648,22400],{"class":129},[47,109650,126],{"class":125},[47,109652,80],{"class":61},[14,109654,109655],{},[575,109656,109657],{},"Result:",[37,109659,109661],{"className":39,"code":109660,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[44,109662,109663],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109664,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109666,19564],{"class":118},[47,109668,2760],{"class":61},[47,109670,265],{"class":125},[47,109672,22400],{"class":129},[47,109674,29577],{"class":125},[14,109676,22065,109677,109680],{},[44,109678,109679],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109682,109683,109684,109686],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[44,109685,55414],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109688,109689,109690,30],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[21,109691,11139],{"href":10951},[32,109693,4071,109695,109697,109698],{"id":109694},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[44,109696,55414],{}," is different from ",[44,109699,102736],{},[14,109701,109702,4267,109704,109706],{},[44,109703,55414],{},[44,109705,102736],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[773,109708,109709],{"id":34675},[44,109710,55414],{},[291,109712,109713,109716],{},[294,109714,109715],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[294,109717,109718],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[37,109720,109722],{"className":39,"code":109721,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[44,109723,109724,109756],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109725,109726,109728,109730,109732,109734,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752,109754],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109727,1118],{"class":53},[47,109729,58],{"class":57},[47,109731,10366],{"class":61},[47,109733,126],{"class":125},[47,109735,21],{"class":129},[47,109737,126],{"class":125},[47,109739,69],{"class":61},[47,109741,136],{"class":125},[47,109743,139],{"class":129},[47,109745,126],{"class":125},[47,109747,69],{"class":61},[47,109749,136],{"class":125},[47,109751,148],{"class":129},[47,109753,126],{"class":125},[47,109755,9184],{"class":61},[47,109757,109758,109760,109762,109764,109766,109768,109770,109772],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109759,1142],{"class":53},[47,109761,30],{"class":61},[47,109763,34675],{"class":173},[47,109765,170],{"class":61},[47,109767,126],{"class":125},[47,109769,18644],{"class":129},[47,109771,126],{"class":125},[47,109773,80],{"class":61},[14,109775,108532],{},[37,109777,109779],{"className":39,"code":109778,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[44,109780,109781],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109782,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109784,19564],{"class":118},[47,109786,2760],{"class":61},[47,109788,265],{"class":125},[47,109790,18644],{"class":129},[47,109792,29577],{"class":125},[773,109794,109795],{"id":102803},[44,109796,102736],{},[291,109798,109799,109801],{},[294,109800,109715],{},[294,109802,109803],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[37,109805,109807],{"className":39,"code":109806,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[44,109808,109809,109841,109859],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109810,109811,109813,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109812,1118],{"class":53},[47,109814,58],{"class":57},[47,109816,10366],{"class":61},[47,109818,126],{"class":125},[47,109820,21],{"class":129},[47,109822,126],{"class":125},[47,109824,69],{"class":61},[47,109826,136],{"class":125},[47,109828,139],{"class":129},[47,109830,126],{"class":125},[47,109832,69],{"class":61},[47,109834,136],{"class":125},[47,109836,148],{"class":129},[47,109838,126],{"class":125},[47,109840,9184],{"class":61},[47,109842,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109844,1142],{"class":53},[47,109846,30],{"class":61},[47,109848,102803],{"class":173},[47,109850,170],{"class":61},[47,109852,126],{"class":125},[47,109854,18644],{"class":129},[47,109856,126],{"class":125},[47,109858,80],{"class":61},[47,109860,109861,109863,109865,109867],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,109862,167],{"class":166},[47,109864,170],{"class":61},[47,109866,1142],{"class":173},[47,109868,80],{"class":61},[14,109870,109871],{},[575,109872,215],{},[37,109874,109876],{"className":39,"code":109875,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[44,109877,109878],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109879,109880,109882,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902,109904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109881,9153],{"class":61},[47,109883,256],{"class":125},[47,109885,21],{"class":129},[47,109887,256],{"class":125},[47,109889,69],{"class":61},[47,109891,265],{"class":125},[47,109893,139],{"class":129},[47,109895,256],{"class":125},[47,109897,69],{"class":61},[47,109899,265],{"class":125},[47,109901,148],{"class":129},[47,109903,256],{"class":125},[47,109905,9184],{"class":61},[14,109907,18571],{},[291,109909,109910,109915],{},[294,109911,109912,109914],{},[44,109913,55414],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[294,109916,109917,109919],{},[44,109918,102736],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,109921,109922,109923,30],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[21,109924,96696,109925,10617],{"href":108335},[44,109926,102736],{},[32,109928,4393],{"id":4392},[773,109930,8330,109932,97076],{"id":109931},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[44,109933,55414],{},[14,109935,109936,109938,109939,30],{},[44,109937,55414],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[44,109940,3652],{},[14,109942,744],{},[37,109944,109946],{"className":39,"code":109945,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[44,109947,109948,109980,110002],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,109949,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976,109978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109951,823],{"class":53},[47,109953,58],{"class":57},[47,109955,10366],{"class":61},[47,109957,126],{"class":125},[47,109959,832],{"class":129},[47,109961,126],{"class":125},[47,109963,69],{"class":61},[47,109965,136],{"class":125},[47,109967,850],{"class":129},[47,109969,126],{"class":125},[47,109971,69],{"class":61},[47,109973,136],{"class":125},[47,109975,841],{"class":129},[47,109977,126],{"class":125},[47,109979,9184],{"class":61},[47,109981,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998,110000],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109983,12996],{"class":53},[47,109985,58],{"class":57},[47,109987,13001],{"class":53},[47,109989,30],{"class":61},[47,109991,34675],{"class":173},[47,109993,170],{"class":61},[47,109995,126],{"class":125},[47,109997,850],{"class":129},[47,109999,126],{"class":125},[47,110001,80],{"class":61},[47,110003,110004,110006,110008,110010],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,110005,167],{"class":166},[47,110007,170],{"class":61},[47,110009,13020],{"class":173},[47,110011,80],{"class":61},[14,110013,110014],{},[575,110015,215],{},[37,110017,110018],{"className":39,"code":11687,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,110019,110020],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,110021,110022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110023,11687],{"class":412},[14,110025,724],{},[37,110027,110028],{"className":39,"code":109238,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,110029,110030,110062,110080],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,110031,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050,110052,110054,110056,110058,110060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110033,823],{"class":53},[47,110035,58],{"class":57},[47,110037,10366],{"class":61},[47,110039,126],{"class":125},[47,110041,832],{"class":129},[47,110043,126],{"class":125},[47,110045,69],{"class":61},[47,110047,136],{"class":125},[47,110049,850],{"class":129},[47,110051,126],{"class":125},[47,110053,69],{"class":61},[47,110055,136],{"class":125},[47,110057,841],{"class":129},[47,110059,126],{"class":125},[47,110061,9184],{"class":61},[47,110063,110064,110066,110068,110070,110072,110074,110076,110078],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110065,863],{"class":53},[47,110067,30],{"class":61},[47,110069,34675],{"class":173},[47,110071,170],{"class":61},[47,110073,126],{"class":125},[47,110075,850],{"class":129},[47,110077,126],{"class":125},[47,110079,80],{"class":61},[47,110081,110082,110084,110086,110088],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,110083,167],{"class":166},[47,110085,170],{"class":61},[47,110087,863],{"class":173},[47,110089,80],{"class":61},[773,110091,110093],{"id":110092},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110095,110096,110097,30],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[44,110098,19564],{},[37,110100,110102],{"className":39,"code":110101,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[44,110103,110104,110128],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,110105,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122,110124,110126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110107,823],{"class":53},[47,110109,58],{"class":57},[47,110111,10366],{"class":61},[47,110113,126],{"class":125},[47,110115,832],{"class":129},[47,110117,126],{"class":125},[47,110119,69],{"class":61},[47,110121,136],{"class":125},[47,110123,850],{"class":129},[47,110125,126],{"class":125},[47,110127,9184],{"class":61},[47,110129,110130,110132,110134,110136,110138,110140,110142,110144],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110131,863],{"class":53},[47,110133,30],{"class":61},[47,110135,34675],{"class":173},[47,110137,170],{"class":61},[47,110139,126],{"class":125},[47,110141,841],{"class":129},[47,110143,126],{"class":125},[47,110145,80],{"class":61},[14,110147,110148,110149,2760],{},"To check first, you can use ",[44,110150,3756],{},[37,110152,110154],{"className":39,"code":110153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[44,110155,110156,110180,110184,110200],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,110157,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110159,823],{"class":53},[47,110161,58],{"class":57},[47,110163,10366],{"class":61},[47,110165,126],{"class":125},[47,110167,832],{"class":129},[47,110169,126],{"class":125},[47,110171,69],{"class":61},[47,110173,136],{"class":125},[47,110175,850],{"class":129},[47,110177,126],{"class":125},[47,110179,9184],{"class":61},[47,110181,110182],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110183,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,110185,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,110187,6871],{"class":3749},[47,110189,136],{"class":125},[47,110191,841],{"class":129},[47,110193,126],{"class":125},[47,110195,21049],{"class":57},[47,110197,13001],{"class":53},[47,110199,6268],{"class":61},[47,110201,110202,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215,110217],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,110203,110204],{"class":53},"    colors",[47,110206,30],{"class":61},[47,110208,34675],{"class":173},[47,110210,170],{"class":61},[47,110212,126],{"class":125},[47,110214,841],{"class":129},[47,110216,126],{"class":125},[47,110218,80],{"class":61},[14,110220,110221,110222,110226],{},"Or use ",[21,110223,110224],{"href":108335},[44,110225,102736],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[773,110228,1502,110230,8582,110232],{"id":110229},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[44,110231,102750],{},[44,110233,54960],{},[14,110235,110236],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110238,110239,110240,110242],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[44,110241,102750],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110244,110245,110246,30],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[21,110247,98960],{"href":98959},[773,110249,110251],{"id":110250},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110253,108241],{},[14,110255,110256],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[32,110258,1708],{"id":1707},[773,110260,12584,110262,97175],{"id":110261},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[44,110263,102750],{},[14,110265,110266,110267,30],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[44,110268,3652],{},[773,110270,30165,110272,110274],{"id":110271},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[44,110273,102750],{}," raise?",[14,110276,30171,110277,110279],{},[44,110278,19564],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[773,110281,21296,110283,25,110285,2368],{"id":110282},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[44,110284,55414],{},[44,110286,102736],{},[14,110288,1967,110289,110291,110292,110294],{},[44,110290,55414],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[44,110293,102736],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[773,110296,5044,110298,110300],{"id":110297},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[44,110299,102750],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110302,110303],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[32,110305,1758],{"id":1757},[291,110307,110308,110314,110320,110324,110328],{},[294,110309,110310],{},[21,110311,96696,110312,10617],{"href":108335},[44,110313,102736],{},[294,110315,110316],{},[21,110317,96696,110318,10617],{"href":98096},[44,110319,12642],{},[294,110321,110322],{},[21,110323,97220],{"href":97765},[294,110325,110326],{},[21,110327,100226],{"href":98959},[294,110329,110330],{},[21,110331,11139],{"href":10951},[1796,110333,110334],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":110336},[110337,110338,110340,110341,110342,110343,110348,110356,110366],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":109338,"depth":83,"text":110339},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":109589,"depth":83,"text":109590},{"id":109694,"depth":83,"text":110344,"children":110345},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110346,110347],{"id":34675,"depth":94,"text":55414},{"id":102803,"depth":94,"text":102736},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":110349},[110350,110352,110353,110355],{"id":109931,"depth":94,"text":110351},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110092,"depth":94,"text":110093},{"id":110229,"depth":94,"text":110354},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110250,"depth":94,"text":110251},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":110357},[110358,110360,110362,110364],{"id":110261,"depth":94,"text":110359},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110271,"depth":94,"text":110361},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110282,"depth":94,"text":110363},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110297,"depth":94,"text":110365},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109212,"description":110367},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110374,"title":110375,"body":110376,"description":111749,"extension":1837,"meta":111750,"navigation":159,"path":111751,"seo":111752,"stem":111753,"__hash__":111754},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110377,"toc":111724},[110378,110384,110390,110393,110396,110410,110412,110493,110496,110501,110505,110519,110526,110528,110547,110550,110568,110570,110650,110652,110677,110681,110684,110692,110697,110702,110704,110717,110722,110725,110749,110752,110760,110762,110765,110862,110864,110897,110899,110925,110932,110935,110939,110947,110951,110959,110961,111051,111053,111067,111074,111079,111084,111086,111177,111179,111191,111193,111207,111213,111221,111223,111305,111307,111352,111355,111363,111366,111368,111372,111415,111417,111437,111442,111444,111529,111531,111536,111538,111545,111553,111559,111562,111564,111650,111652,111676,111680,111683,111685,111712,111722],[10,110379,96082,110381,11199],{"id":110380},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[44,110382,110383],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110385,110386,110389],{},[44,110387,110388],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110391,110392],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110394,110395],{},"Use it when:",[291,110397,110398,110401,110407],{},[294,110399,110400],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[294,110402,110403,110404,110406],{},"you do ",[575,110405,577],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[294,110408,110409],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[32,110411,3482],{"id":3481},[37,110413,110415],{"className":39,"code":110414,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[44,110416,110417,110437,110457,110461,110480],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,110418,110419,110421,110423,110425,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110420,2430],{"class":53},[47,110422,58],{"class":57},[47,110424,10366],{"class":61},[47,110426,66],{"class":65},[47,110428,69],{"class":61},[47,110430,72],{"class":65},[47,110432,69],{"class":61},[47,110434,77],{"class":65},[47,110436,9184],{"class":61},[47,110438,110439,110441,110443,110445,110447,110449,110451,110453,110455],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110440,2458],{"class":53},[47,110442,58],{"class":57},[47,110444,10366],{"class":61},[47,110446,1937],{"class":65},[47,110448,69],{"class":61},[47,110450,2333],{"class":65},[47,110452,69],{"class":61},[47,110454,4480],{"class":65},[47,110456,9184],{"class":61},[47,110458,110459],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,110460,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,110462,110463,110465,110467,110469,110471,110474,110476,110478],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,110464,2106],{"class":53},[47,110466,58],{"class":57},[47,110468,56771],{"class":53},[47,110470,30],{"class":61},[47,110472,110473],{"class":173},"symmetric_difference",[47,110475,170],{"class":61},[47,110477,139],{"class":173},[47,110479,80],{"class":61},[47,110481,110482,110484,110486,110488,110490],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,110483,167],{"class":166},[47,110485,170],{"class":61},[47,110487,2141],{"class":173},[47,110489,3533],{"class":61},[47,110491,110492],{"class":1494},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110494,110495],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[32,110497,3550,110499,3553],{"id":110498},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[44,110500,110383],{},[14,110502,110503,2760],{},[44,110504,110388],{},[291,110506,110507,110510,110513,110516],{},[294,110508,110509],{},"returns a new set",[294,110511,110512],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[294,110514,110515],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[294,110517,110518],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110520,96206,110521,25,110523,30],{},[21,110522,96210],{"href":96209},[21,110524,110525],{"href":96213},"creating a set in Python",[32,110527,2032],{"id":2031},[37,110529,110531],{"className":39,"code":110530,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[44,110532,110533],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,110534,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543,110545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110536,100467],{"class":53},[47,110538,30],{"class":61},[47,110540,110473],{"class":173},[47,110542,170],{"class":61},[47,110544,100476],{"class":173},[47,110546,80],{"class":61},[14,110548,110549],{},"Notes:",[291,110551,110552,110557,110562,110565],{},[294,110553,110554,110556],{},[44,110555,100467],{}," must be a set",[294,110558,110559,110561],{},[44,110560,100476],{}," can be any iterable",[294,110563,110564],{},"the result is always a set",[294,110566,110567],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110569,2083],{},[37,110571,110573],{"className":39,"code":110572,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[44,110574,110575,110596,110617,110621,110640],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,110576,110577,110580,110582,110584,110586,110588,110590,110592,110594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110578,110579],{"class":53},"set1 ",[47,110581,58],{"class":57},[47,110583,10366],{"class":61},[47,110585,66],{"class":65},[47,110587,69],{"class":61},[47,110589,72],{"class":65},[47,110591,69],{"class":61},[47,110593,77],{"class":65},[47,110595,9184],{"class":61},[47,110597,110598,110601,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110599,110600],{"class":53},"set2 ",[47,110602,58],{"class":57},[47,110604,10366],{"class":61},[47,110606,1937],{"class":65},[47,110608,69],{"class":61},[47,110610,2333],{"class":65},[47,110612,69],{"class":61},[47,110614,4480],{"class":65},[47,110616,9184],{"class":61},[47,110618,110619],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,110620,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,110622,110623,110625,110627,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,110624,2106],{"class":53},[47,110626,58],{"class":57},[47,110628,110629],{"class":53}," set1",[47,110631,30],{"class":61},[47,110633,110473],{"class":173},[47,110635,170],{"class":61},[47,110637,100476],{"class":173},[47,110639,80],{"class":61},[47,110641,110642,110644,110646,110648],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,110643,167],{"class":166},[47,110645,170],{"class":61},[47,110647,2141],{"class":173},[47,110649,80],{"class":61},[14,110651,215],{},[37,110653,110655],{"className":39,"code":110654,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[44,110656,110657],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,110658,110659,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110660,9153],{"class":61},[47,110662,66],{"class":65},[47,110664,69],{"class":61},[47,110666,72],{"class":65},[47,110668,69],{"class":61},[47,110670,2333],{"class":65},[47,110672,69],{"class":61},[47,110674,4480],{"class":65},[47,110676,9184],{"class":61},[32,110678,110680],{"id":110679},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110682,110683],{},"The result includes:",[291,110685,110686,110689],{},[294,110687,110688],{},"items only in the first set",[294,110690,110691],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110693,110694,110695,10960],{},"The result does ",[575,110696,577],{},[291,110698,110699],{},[294,110700,110701],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110703,5346],{},[291,110705,110706,110711],{},[294,110707,110708,110709],{},"first set: ",[44,110710,100164],{},[294,110712,110713,110714],{},"second set: ",[44,110715,110716],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110718,3922,110719,110721],{},[44,110720,1937],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110723,110724],{},"The output is:",[37,110726,110727],{"className":39,"code":110654,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,110728,110729],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,110730,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110732,9153],{"class":61},[47,110734,66],{"class":65},[47,110736,69],{"class":61},[47,110738,72],{"class":65},[47,110740,69],{"class":61},[47,110742,2333],{"class":65},[47,110744,69],{"class":61},[47,110746,4480],{"class":65},[47,110748,9184],{"class":61},[14,110750,110751],{},"Also remember:",[291,110753,110754,110757],{},[294,110755,110756],{},"sets are unordered",[294,110758,110759],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[32,110761,11353],{"id":11352},[14,110763,110764],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[37,110766,110768],{"className":39,"code":110767,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,110769,110770,110802,110826,110830,110848,110852],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,110771,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788,110790,110792,110794,110796,110798,110800],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110773,106903],{"class":53},[47,110775,58],{"class":57},[47,110777,10366],{"class":61},[47,110779,126],{"class":125},[47,110781,832],{"class":129},[47,110783,126],{"class":125},[47,110785,69],{"class":61},[47,110787,136],{"class":125},[47,110789,850],{"class":129},[47,110791,126],{"class":125},[47,110793,69],{"class":61},[47,110795,136],{"class":125},[47,110797,841],{"class":129},[47,110799,126],{"class":125},[47,110801,9184],{"class":61},[47,110803,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820,110822,110824],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110805,106936],{"class":53},[47,110807,58],{"class":57},[47,110809,10366],{"class":61},[47,110811,126],{"class":125},[47,110813,841],{"class":129},[47,110815,126],{"class":125},[47,110817,69],{"class":61},[47,110819,136],{"class":125},[47,110821,22400],{"class":129},[47,110823,126],{"class":125},[47,110825,9184],{"class":61},[47,110827,110828],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,110829,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,110831,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,110833,2106],{"class":53},[47,110835,58],{"class":57},[47,110837,106978],{"class":53},[47,110839,30],{"class":61},[47,110841,110473],{"class":173},[47,110843,170],{"class":61},[47,110845,106987],{"class":173},[47,110847,80],{"class":61},[47,110849,110850],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,110851,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,110853,110854,110856,110858,110860],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,110855,167],{"class":166},[47,110857,170],{"class":61},[47,110859,2141],{"class":173},[47,110861,80],{"class":61},[14,110863,215],{},[37,110865,110867],{"className":39,"code":110866,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[44,110868,110869],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,110870,110871,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110872,9153],{"class":61},[47,110874,256],{"class":125},[47,110876,832],{"class":129},[47,110878,256],{"class":125},[47,110880,69],{"class":61},[47,110882,265],{"class":125},[47,110884,850],{"class":129},[47,110886,256],{"class":125},[47,110888,69],{"class":61},[47,110890,265],{"class":125},[47,110892,22400],{"class":129},[47,110894,256],{"class":125},[47,110896,9184],{"class":61},[14,110898,13287],{},[291,110900,110901,110906,110917],{},[294,110902,110903,110905],{},[44,110904,96375],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[294,110907,110908,4267,110910,110913,110914,110916],{},[44,110909,65271],{},[44,110911,110912],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[44,110915,107040],{},", so they stay",[294,110918,110919,110921,110922,110924],{},[44,110920,109679],{}," is only in ",[44,110923,106987],{},", so it stays",[32,110926,110928,10461,110930],{"id":110927},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[44,110929,110383],{},[44,110931,100296],{},[14,110933,110934],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,110936,110937,2760],{},[44,110938,100296],{},[291,110940,110941,110944],{},[294,110942,110943],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[294,110945,110946],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,110948,110949,2760],{},[44,110950,110383],{},[291,110952,110953,110956],{},[294,110954,110955],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[294,110957,110958],{},"removes shared items",[14,110960,2083],{},[37,110962,110964],{"className":39,"code":110963,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[44,110965,110966,110986,111006,111010,111031],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,110967,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110969,2430],{"class":53},[47,110971,58],{"class":57},[47,110973,10366],{"class":61},[47,110975,66],{"class":65},[47,110977,69],{"class":61},[47,110979,72],{"class":65},[47,110981,69],{"class":61},[47,110983,77],{"class":65},[47,110985,9184],{"class":61},[47,110987,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110989,2458],{"class":53},[47,110991,58],{"class":57},[47,110993,10366],{"class":61},[47,110995,1937],{"class":65},[47,110997,69],{"class":61},[47,110999,2333],{"class":65},[47,111001,69],{"class":61},[47,111003,4480],{"class":65},[47,111005,9184],{"class":61},[47,111007,111008],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111009,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,111011,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024,111026,111028],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111013,167],{"class":166},[47,111015,170],{"class":61},[47,111017,21],{"class":173},[47,111019,30],{"class":61},[47,111021,2688],{"class":173},[47,111023,170],{"class":61},[47,111025,139],{"class":173},[47,111027,5235],{"class":61},[47,111029,111030],{"class":1494},"            # {1, 2}\n",[47,111032,111033,111035,111037,111039,111041,111043,111045,111047,111049],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,111034,167],{"class":166},[47,111036,170],{"class":61},[47,111038,21],{"class":173},[47,111040,30],{"class":61},[47,111042,110473],{"class":173},[47,111044,170],{"class":61},[47,111046,139],{"class":173},[47,111048,5235],{"class":61},[47,111050,110492],{"class":1494},[14,111052,18571],{},[291,111054,111055,111062],{},[294,111056,111057,111061],{},[21,111058,111059],{"href":102722},[44,111060,100296],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[294,111063,111064,111066],{},[44,111065,110383],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[32,111068,111070,10461,111072],{"id":111069},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[44,111071,110383],{},[44,111073,102681],{},[14,111075,111076,111078],{},[44,111077,102681],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111080,111081,111083],{},[44,111082,110383],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111085,2083],{},[37,111087,111089],{"className":39,"code":111088,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[44,111090,111091,111111,111131,111135,111157],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,111092,111093,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111094,2430],{"class":53},[47,111096,58],{"class":57},[47,111098,10366],{"class":61},[47,111100,66],{"class":65},[47,111102,69],{"class":61},[47,111104,72],{"class":65},[47,111106,69],{"class":61},[47,111108,77],{"class":65},[47,111110,9184],{"class":61},[47,111112,111113,111115,111117,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127,111129],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111114,2458],{"class":53},[47,111116,58],{"class":57},[47,111118,10366],{"class":61},[47,111120,1937],{"class":65},[47,111122,69],{"class":61},[47,111124,2333],{"class":65},[47,111126,69],{"class":61},[47,111128,4480],{"class":65},[47,111130,9184],{"class":61},[47,111132,111133],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111134,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,111136,111137,111139,111141,111143,111145,111148,111150,111152,111154],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111138,167],{"class":166},[47,111140,170],{"class":61},[47,111142,21],{"class":173},[47,111144,30],{"class":61},[47,111146,111147],{"class":173},"union",[47,111149,170],{"class":61},[47,111151,139],{"class":173},[47,111153,5235],{"class":61},[47,111155,111156],{"class":1494},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[47,111158,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,111160,167],{"class":166},[47,111162,170],{"class":61},[47,111164,21],{"class":173},[47,111166,30],{"class":61},[47,111168,110473],{"class":173},[47,111170,170],{"class":61},[47,111172,139],{"class":173},[47,111174,5235],{"class":61},[47,111176,110492],{"class":1494},[14,111178,27098],{},[291,111180,111181,111186],{},[294,111182,111183,111185],{},[44,111184,102681],{}," includes everything",[294,111187,111188,111190],{},[44,111189,110383],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111192,18571],{},[291,111194,111195,111202],{},[294,111196,111197,111201],{},[21,111198,111199],{"href":107608},[44,111200,102681],{}," when overlap does not matter",[294,111203,111204,111206],{},[44,111205,110383],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[32,111208,36494,111210,101480],{"id":111209},"using-the-operator",[44,111211,111212],{},"^",[14,111214,111215,111216,111218,111219,30],{},"For sets, the ",[44,111217,111212],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[44,111220,110383],{},[14,111222,2083],{},[37,111224,111226],{"className":39,"code":111225,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[44,111227,111228,111248,111268,111272,111290],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,111229,111230,111232,111234,111236,111238,111240,111242,111244,111246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111231,110579],{"class":53},[47,111233,58],{"class":57},[47,111235,10366],{"class":61},[47,111237,66],{"class":65},[47,111239,69],{"class":61},[47,111241,72],{"class":65},[47,111243,69],{"class":61},[47,111245,77],{"class":65},[47,111247,9184],{"class":61},[47,111249,111250,111252,111254,111256,111258,111260,111262,111264,111266],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111251,110600],{"class":53},[47,111253,58],{"class":57},[47,111255,10366],{"class":61},[47,111257,1937],{"class":65},[47,111259,69],{"class":61},[47,111261,2333],{"class":65},[47,111263,69],{"class":61},[47,111265,4480],{"class":65},[47,111267,9184],{"class":61},[47,111269,111270],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111271,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,111273,111274,111276,111278,111280,111282,111284,111286,111288],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111275,167],{"class":166},[47,111277,170],{"class":61},[47,111279,100467],{"class":173},[47,111281,30],{"class":61},[47,111283,110473],{"class":173},[47,111285,170],{"class":61},[47,111287,100476],{"class":173},[47,111289,506],{"class":61},[47,111291,111292,111294,111296,111298,111300,111303],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,111293,167],{"class":166},[47,111295,170],{"class":61},[47,111297,110579],{"class":173},[47,111299,111212],{"class":57},[47,111301,111302],{"class":173}," set2",[47,111304,80],{"class":61},[14,111306,29907],{},[37,111308,111310],{"className":39,"code":111309,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[44,111311,111312,111332],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,111313,111314,111316,111318,111320,111322,111324,111326,111328,111330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111315,9153],{"class":61},[47,111317,66],{"class":65},[47,111319,69],{"class":61},[47,111321,72],{"class":65},[47,111323,69],{"class":61},[47,111325,2333],{"class":65},[47,111327,69],{"class":61},[47,111329,4480],{"class":65},[47,111331,9184],{"class":61},[47,111333,111334,111336,111338,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348,111350],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111335,9153],{"class":61},[47,111337,66],{"class":65},[47,111339,69],{"class":61},[47,111341,72],{"class":65},[47,111343,69],{"class":61},[47,111345,2333],{"class":65},[47,111347,69],{"class":61},[47,111349,4480],{"class":65},[47,111351,9184],{"class":61},[14,111353,111354],{},"Both forms:",[291,111356,111357,111360],{},[294,111358,111359],{},"return a new set",[294,111361,111362],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111364,111365],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[32,111367,4393],{"id":4392},[14,111369,21087,111370,2760],{},[44,111371,110383],{},[291,111373,111374,111382,111392,111407],{},[294,111375,111376,111379,111381],{},[575,111377,111378],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9721,111380],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[294,111383,111384,111387,111389,111391],{},[575,111385,111386],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9721,111388],{},[44,111390,110383],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[294,111393,111394,111399,111401,111403,111404,111406],{},[575,111395,111396,111397],{},"Confusing it with ",[44,111398,100296],{},[9721,111400],{},[44,111402,100296],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[44,111405,110383],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[294,111408,111409,111412,111414],{},[575,111410,111411],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9721,111413],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111416,58745],{},[291,111418,111419,111428,111431,111434],{},[294,111420,50375,111421,44512,111423,111427],{},[44,111422,110383],{},[21,111424,111425],{"href":107608},[44,111426,102681],{}," is actually needed",[294,111429,111430],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[294,111432,111433],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[294,111435,111436],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111438,111439,111440,30],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[21,111441,98960],{"href":105223},[14,111443,62176],{},[37,111445,111447],{"className":39,"code":111446,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[44,111448,111449,111459,111469,111487,111501,111515],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,111450,111451,111453,111455,111457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111452,167],{"class":166},[47,111454,170],{"class":61},[47,111456,100467],{"class":173},[47,111458,80],{"class":61},[47,111460,111461,111463,111465,111467],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111462,167],{"class":166},[47,111464,170],{"class":61},[47,111466,100476],{"class":173},[47,111468,80],{"class":61},[47,111470,111471,111473,111475,111477,111479,111481,111483,111485],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111472,167],{"class":166},[47,111474,170],{"class":61},[47,111476,100467],{"class":173},[47,111478,30],{"class":61},[47,111480,110473],{"class":173},[47,111482,170],{"class":61},[47,111484,100476],{"class":173},[47,111486,506],{"class":61},[47,111488,111489,111491,111493,111495,111497,111499],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111490,167],{"class":166},[47,111492,170],{"class":61},[47,111494,110579],{"class":173},[47,111496,111212],{"class":57},[47,111498,111302],{"class":173},[47,111500,80],{"class":61},[47,111502,111503,111505,111507,111509,111511,111513],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,111504,167],{"class":166},[47,111506,170],{"class":61},[47,111508,499],{"class":118},[47,111510,170],{"class":61},[47,111512,100467],{"class":173},[47,111514,506],{"class":61},[47,111516,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,111518,167],{"class":166},[47,111520,170],{"class":61},[47,111522,499],{"class":118},[47,111524,170],{"class":61},[47,111526,100476],{"class":173},[47,111528,506],{"class":61},[32,111530,1708],{"id":1707},[773,111532,12584,111534,102621],{"id":111533},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[44,111535,110383],{},[14,111537,102624],{},[773,111539,5054,111541,4267,111543,2368],{"id":111540},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[44,111542,110383],{},[44,111544,100296],{},[14,111546,111547,111549,111550,111552],{},[44,111548,100296],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[44,111551,110383],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[773,111554,28206,111556,111558],{"id":111555},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[44,111557,110383],{}," with lists?",[14,111560,111561],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111563,2083],{},[37,111565,111567],{"className":39,"code":111566,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[44,111568,111569,111589,111609,111613,111640],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,111570,111571,111573,111575,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111572,80537],{"class":53},[47,111574,58],{"class":57},[47,111576,957],{"class":61},[47,111578,66],{"class":65},[47,111580,69],{"class":61},[47,111582,72],{"class":65},[47,111584,69],{"class":61},[47,111586,77],{"class":65},[47,111588,1402],{"class":61},[47,111590,111591,111593,111595,111597,111599,111601,111603,111605,111607],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111592,80558],{"class":53},[47,111594,58],{"class":57},[47,111596,957],{"class":61},[47,111598,1937],{"class":65},[47,111600,69],{"class":61},[47,111602,2333],{"class":65},[47,111604,69],{"class":61},[47,111606,4480],{"class":65},[47,111608,1402],{"class":61},[47,111610,111611],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111612,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,111614,111615,111617,111619,111621,111623,111626,111628,111630,111632,111634,111636,111638],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111616,2106],{"class":53},[47,111618,58],{"class":57},[47,111620,15511],{"class":118},[47,111622,170],{"class":61},[47,111624,111625],{"class":173},"list1",[47,111627,8509],{"class":61},[47,111629,110473],{"class":173},[47,111631,170],{"class":61},[47,111633,6161],{"class":118},[47,111635,170],{"class":61},[47,111637,80824],{"class":173},[47,111639,506],{"class":61},[47,111641,111642,111644,111646,111648],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,111643,167],{"class":166},[47,111645,170],{"class":61},[47,111647,2141],{"class":173},[47,111649,80],{"class":61},[14,111651,215],{},[37,111653,111654],{"className":39,"code":110654,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,111655,111656],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,111657,111658,111660,111662,111664,111666,111668,111670,111672,111674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111659,9153],{"class":61},[47,111661,66],{"class":65},[47,111663,69],{"class":61},[47,111665,72],{"class":65},[47,111667,69],{"class":61},[47,111669,2333],{"class":65},[47,111671,69],{"class":61},[47,111673,4480],{"class":65},[47,111675,9184],{"class":61},[773,111677,111679],{"id":111678},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111681,111682],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[32,111684,1758],{"id":1757},[291,111686,111687,111691,111696,111702,111708],{},[294,111688,111689],{},[21,111690,96210],{"href":96209},[294,111692,111693],{},[21,111694,111695],{"href":96213},"Creating a set in Python",[294,111697,111698],{},[21,111699,96696,111700,10617],{"href":102722},[44,111701,100296],{},[294,111703,111704],{},[21,111705,96696,111706,10617],{"href":107608},[44,111707,102681],{},[294,111709,111710],{},[21,111711,100226],{"href":105223},[14,111713,111714,111715,2064,111717,16949,111719,111721],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[44,111716,100296],{},[44,111718,102681],{},[44,111720,110383],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1796,111723,57124],{},{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":111725},[111726,111727,111729,111730,111731,111732,111734,111736,111738,111739,111748],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":110498,"depth":83,"text":111728},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":110679,"depth":83,"text":110680},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":110927,"depth":83,"text":111733},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111069,"depth":83,"text":111735},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111209,"depth":83,"text":111737},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":111740},[111741,111743,111745,111747],{"id":111533,"depth":94,"text":111742},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111540,"depth":94,"text":111744},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111555,"depth":94,"text":111746},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111678,"depth":94,"text":111679},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110375,"description":111749},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111756,"title":111757,"body":111758,"description":113821,"extension":1837,"meta":113822,"navigation":159,"path":107608,"seo":113823,"stem":113824,"__hash__":113825},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111759,"toc":113780},[111760,111765,111770,111773,111786,111788,111870,111875,111880,111884,111896,111899,111903,111905,111932,111934,111945,111948,112017,112019,112025,112028,112038,112040,112129,112134,112136,112143,112146,112148,112151,112271,112273,112342,112345,112362,112367,112370,112486,112488,112517,112520,112526,112531,112535,112616,112618,112646,112651,112655,112750,112752,112793,112797,112800,112867,112869,112910,112916,112931,112938,112945,112949,112955,113041,113045,113053,113124,113129,113136,113138,113144,113146,113211,113213,113229,113234,113237,113306,113310,113313,113372,113375,113379,113432,113445,113448,113501,113505,113507,113538,113541,113546,113599,113603,113606,113627,113639,113641,113694,113696,113701,113703,113709,113712,113718,113723,113727,113730,113738,113747,113749,113777],[10,111761,3448,111763,11199],{"id":111762},"python-setunion-method",[44,111764,107921],{},[14,111766,111767,111769],{},[44,111768,107921],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111771,111772],{},"It is useful when you want:",[291,111774,111775,111778,111783],{},[294,111776,111777],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[294,111779,2430,111780,111782],{},[575,111781,100651],{}," as the result",[294,111784,111785],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[32,111787,35],{"id":34},[37,111789,111791],{"className":39,"code":111790,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,111792,111793,111813,111833,111837,111855,111865],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,111794,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111796,110579],{"class":53},[47,111798,58],{"class":57},[47,111800,10366],{"class":61},[47,111802,66],{"class":65},[47,111804,69],{"class":61},[47,111806,72],{"class":65},[47,111808,69],{"class":61},[47,111810,77],{"class":65},[47,111812,9184],{"class":61},[47,111814,111815,111817,111819,111821,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111816,110600],{"class":53},[47,111818,58],{"class":57},[47,111820,10366],{"class":61},[47,111822,1937],{"class":65},[47,111824,69],{"class":61},[47,111826,2333],{"class":65},[47,111828,69],{"class":61},[47,111830,4480],{"class":65},[47,111832,9184],{"class":61},[47,111834,111835],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111836,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,111838,111839,111841,111843,111845,111847,111849,111851,111853],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111840,2106],{"class":53},[47,111842,58],{"class":57},[47,111844,110629],{"class":53},[47,111846,30],{"class":61},[47,111848,111147],{"class":173},[47,111850,170],{"class":61},[47,111852,100476],{"class":173},[47,111854,80],{"class":61},[47,111856,111857,111859,111861,111863],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,111858,167],{"class":166},[47,111860,170],{"class":61},[47,111862,2141],{"class":173},[47,111864,80],{"class":61},[47,111866,111867],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,111868,111869],{"class":1494},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111871,111872,111874],{},[44,111873,102681],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[32,111876,3550,111878,3553],{"id":111877},"what-setunion-does",[44,111879,107921],{},[14,111881,111882,2760],{},[44,111883,107921],{},[291,111885,111886,111889,111892,111894],{},[294,111887,111888],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[294,111890,111891],{},"keeps only unique values",[294,111893,110509],{},[294,111895,110518],{},[14,111897,111898],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,111900,96206,111901,30],{},[21,111902,96210],{"href":97381},[32,111904,2032],{"id":2031},[37,111906,111908],{"className":39,"code":111907,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[44,111909,111910],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,111911,111912,111914,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111913,100467],{"class":53},[47,111915,30],{"class":61},[47,111917,111147],{"class":173},[47,111919,170],{"class":61},[47,111921,100476],{"class":173},[47,111923,69],{"class":61},[47,111925,100503],{"class":173},[47,111927,69],{"class":61},[47,111929,34334],{"class":166},[47,111931,80],{"class":61},[14,111933,12932],{},[291,111935,111936,111939,111942],{},[294,111937,111938],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[294,111940,111941],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[294,111943,111944],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,111946,111947],{},"Example with two sets:",[37,111949,111951],{"className":39,"code":111950,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[44,111952,111953,111969,111985,111989,112007],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,111954,111955,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111956,2430],{"class":53},[47,111958,58],{"class":57},[47,111960,10366],{"class":61},[47,111962,66],{"class":65},[47,111964,69],{"class":61},[47,111966,72],{"class":65},[47,111968,9184],{"class":61},[47,111970,111971,111973,111975,111977,111979,111981,111983],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111972,2458],{"class":53},[47,111974,58],{"class":57},[47,111976,10366],{"class":61},[47,111978,1931],{"class":65},[47,111980,69],{"class":61},[47,111982,77],{"class":65},[47,111984,9184],{"class":61},[47,111986,111987],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111988,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,111990,111991,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111992,2106],{"class":53},[47,111994,58],{"class":57},[47,111996,56771],{"class":53},[47,111998,30],{"class":61},[47,112000,111147],{"class":173},[47,112002,170],{"class":61},[47,112004,139],{"class":173},[47,112006,80],{"class":61},[47,112008,112009,112011,112013,112015],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,112010,167],{"class":166},[47,112012,170],{"class":61},[47,112014,2141],{"class":173},[47,112016,80],{"class":61},[32,112018,21846],{"id":21845},[14,112020,112021,100648,112023,30],{},[44,112022,107921],{},[575,112024,100651],{},[14,112026,112027],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[291,112029,112030,112033],{},[294,112031,112032],{},"the original set",[294,112034,112035,112036],{},"all arguments passed to ",[44,112037,102681],{},[14,112039,2083],{},[37,112041,112043],{"className":39,"code":112042,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[44,112044,112045,112061,112077,112081,112099,112103,112116],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,112046,112047,112049,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112048,2430],{"class":53},[47,112050,58],{"class":57},[47,112052,10366],{"class":61},[47,112054,66],{"class":65},[47,112056,69],{"class":61},[47,112058,72],{"class":65},[47,112060,9184],{"class":61},[47,112062,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112064,2458],{"class":53},[47,112066,58],{"class":57},[47,112068,10366],{"class":61},[47,112070,1931],{"class":65},[47,112072,69],{"class":61},[47,112074,77],{"class":65},[47,112076,9184],{"class":61},[47,112078,112079],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112080,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,112082,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112084,2106],{"class":53},[47,112086,58],{"class":57},[47,112088,56771],{"class":53},[47,112090,30],{"class":61},[47,112092,111147],{"class":173},[47,112094,170],{"class":61},[47,112096,139],{"class":173},[47,112098,80],{"class":61},[47,112100,112101],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,112102,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,112104,112105,112107,112109,112111,112113],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,112106,167],{"class":166},[47,112108,170],{"class":61},[47,112110,2141],{"class":173},[47,112112,3533],{"class":61},[47,112114,112115],{"class":1494},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[47,112117,112118,112120,112122,112124,112126],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,112119,167],{"class":166},[47,112121,170],{"class":61},[47,112123,21],{"class":173},[47,112125,3533],{"class":61},[47,112127,112128],{"class":1494},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112130,2163,112131,112133],{},[44,112132,21],{}," did not change.",[14,112135,110751],{},[291,112137,112138,112140],{},[294,112139,110756],{},[294,112141,112142],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112144,112145],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[32,112147,11353],{"id":11352},[14,112149,112150],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[37,112152,112154],{"className":39,"code":112153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[44,112155,112156,112189,112222,112226,112246,112250,112260],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,112157,112158,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112159,112160],{"class":53},"fruits1 ",[47,112162,58],{"class":57},[47,112164,10366],{"class":61},[47,112166,126],{"class":125},[47,112168,405],{"class":129},[47,112170,126],{"class":125},[47,112172,69],{"class":61},[47,112174,136],{"class":125},[47,112176,3960],{"class":129},[47,112178,126],{"class":125},[47,112180,69],{"class":61},[47,112182,136],{"class":125},[47,112184,33100],{"class":129},[47,112186,126],{"class":125},[47,112188,9184],{"class":61},[47,112190,112191,112194,112196,112198,112200,112202,112204,112206,112208,112210,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112192,112193],{"class":53},"fruits2 ",[47,112195,58],{"class":57},[47,112197,10366],{"class":61},[47,112199,126],{"class":125},[47,112201,3960],{"class":129},[47,112203,126],{"class":125},[47,112205,69],{"class":61},[47,112207,136],{"class":125},[47,112209,22409],{"class":129},[47,112211,126],{"class":125},[47,112213,69],{"class":61},[47,112215,136],{"class":125},[47,112217,33100],{"class":129},[47,112219,126],{"class":125},[47,112221,9184],{"class":61},[47,112223,112224],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112225,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,112227,112228,112230,112232,112235,112237,112239,112241,112244],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112229,2106],{"class":53},[47,112231,58],{"class":57},[47,112233,112234],{"class":53}," fruits1",[47,112236,30],{"class":61},[47,112238,111147],{"class":173},[47,112240,170],{"class":61},[47,112242,112243],{"class":173},"fruits2",[47,112245,80],{"class":61},[47,112247,112248],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,112249,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,112251,112252,112254,112256,112258],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,112253,167],{"class":166},[47,112255,170],{"class":61},[47,112257,2141],{"class":173},[47,112259,80],{"class":61},[47,112261,112262,112264,112266,112269],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,112263,167],{"class":166},[47,112265,170],{"class":61},[47,112267,112268],{"class":173},"fruits1",[47,112270,80],{"class":61},[14,112272,29907],{},[37,112274,112276],{"className":39,"code":112275,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[44,112277,112278,112314],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,112279,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294,112296,112298,112300,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112281,9153],{"class":61},[47,112283,256],{"class":125},[47,112285,3960],{"class":129},[47,112287,256],{"class":125},[47,112289,69],{"class":61},[47,112291,265],{"class":125},[47,112293,33100],{"class":129},[47,112295,256],{"class":125},[47,112297,69],{"class":61},[47,112299,265],{"class":125},[47,112301,405],{"class":129},[47,112303,256],{"class":125},[47,112305,69],{"class":61},[47,112307,265],{"class":125},[47,112309,22409],{"class":129},[47,112311,256],{"class":125},[47,112313,9184],{"class":61},[47,112315,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112317,9153],{"class":61},[47,112319,256],{"class":125},[47,112321,3960],{"class":129},[47,112323,256],{"class":125},[47,112325,69],{"class":61},[47,112327,265],{"class":125},[47,112329,33100],{"class":129},[47,112331,256],{"class":125},[47,112333,69],{"class":61},[47,112335,265],{"class":125},[47,112337,405],{"class":129},[47,112339,256],{"class":125},[47,112341,9184],{"class":61},[14,112343,112344],{},"What this shows:",[291,112346,112347,112354,112357],{},[294,112348,112349,4267,112351,112353],{},[44,112350,65153],{},[44,112352,65580],{}," appear in both sets",[294,112355,112356],{},"they appear only once in the result",[294,112358,112359,112361],{},[44,112360,112268],{}," stays unchanged",[32,112363,8294,112365,101040],{"id":112364},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[44,112366,102681],{},[14,112368,112369],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[37,112371,112373],{"className":39,"code":112372,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,112374,112375,112391,112407,112424,112441,112445,112472,112476],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,112376,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385,112387,112389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112378,110579],{"class":53},[47,112380,58],{"class":57},[47,112382,10366],{"class":61},[47,112384,66],{"class":65},[47,112386,69],{"class":61},[47,112388,72],{"class":65},[47,112390,9184],{"class":61},[47,112392,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112394,110600],{"class":53},[47,112396,58],{"class":57},[47,112398,10366],{"class":61},[47,112400,1931],{"class":65},[47,112402,69],{"class":61},[47,112404,77],{"class":65},[47,112406,9184],{"class":61},[47,112408,112409,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112410,112411],{"class":53},"set3 ",[47,112413,58],{"class":57},[47,112415,10366],{"class":61},[47,112417,1937],{"class":65},[47,112419,69],{"class":61},[47,112421,2333],{"class":65},[47,112423,9184],{"class":61},[47,112425,112426,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112427,112428],{"class":53},"set4 ",[47,112430,58],{"class":57},[47,112432,10366],{"class":61},[47,112434,1210],{"class":65},[47,112436,69],{"class":61},[47,112438,4480],{"class":65},[47,112440,9184],{"class":61},[47,112442,112443],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,112444,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,112446,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112470],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,112448,2106],{"class":53},[47,112450,58],{"class":57},[47,112452,110629],{"class":53},[47,112454,30],{"class":61},[47,112456,111147],{"class":173},[47,112458,170],{"class":61},[47,112460,100476],{"class":173},[47,112462,69],{"class":61},[47,112464,100503],{"class":173},[47,112466,69],{"class":61},[47,112468,112469],{"class":173}," set4",[47,112471,80],{"class":61},[47,112473,112474],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,112475,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,112477,112478,112480,112482,112484],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,112479,167],{"class":166},[47,112481,170],{"class":61},[47,112483,2141],{"class":173},[47,112485,80],{"class":61},[14,112487,29907],{},[37,112489,112491],{"className":39,"code":112490,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,112492,112493],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,112494,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112496,9153],{"class":61},[47,112498,66],{"class":65},[47,112500,69],{"class":61},[47,112502,72],{"class":65},[47,112504,69],{"class":61},[47,112506,77],{"class":65},[47,112508,69],{"class":61},[47,112510,2333],{"class":65},[47,112512,69],{"class":61},[47,112514,4480],{"class":65},[47,112516,9184],{"class":61},[14,112518,112519],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[32,112521,8294,112523,112525],{"id":112522},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[44,112524,102681],{}," with other iterables",[14,112527,112528,112530],{},[44,112529,102681],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[773,112532,112534],{"id":112533},"with-a-list","With a list",[37,112536,112538],{"className":39,"code":112537,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[44,112539,112540,112560,112584,112588,112606],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,112541,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112543,54],{"class":53},[47,112545,58],{"class":57},[47,112547,10366],{"class":61},[47,112549,66],{"class":65},[47,112551,69],{"class":61},[47,112553,72],{"class":65},[47,112555,69],{"class":61},[47,112557,77],{"class":65},[47,112559,9184],{"class":61},[47,112561,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112563,60928],{"class":53},[47,112565,58],{"class":57},[47,112567,957],{"class":61},[47,112569,1937],{"class":65},[47,112571,69],{"class":61},[47,112573,2333],{"class":65},[47,112575,69],{"class":61},[47,112577,4480],{"class":65},[47,112579,69],{"class":61},[47,112581,4480],{"class":65},[47,112583,1402],{"class":61},[47,112585,112586],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112587,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,112589,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112591,2106],{"class":53},[47,112593,58],{"class":57},[47,112595,4136],{"class":53},[47,112597,30],{"class":61},[47,112599,111147],{"class":173},[47,112601,170],{"class":61},[47,112603,60957],{"class":173},[47,112605,80],{"class":61},[47,112607,112608,112610,112612,112614],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,112609,167],{"class":166},[47,112611,170],{"class":61},[47,112613,2141],{"class":173},[47,112615,80],{"class":61},[14,112617,29907],{},[37,112619,112620],{"className":39,"code":112490,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,112621,112622],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,112623,112624,112626,112628,112630,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112625,9153],{"class":61},[47,112627,66],{"class":65},[47,112629,69],{"class":61},[47,112631,72],{"class":65},[47,112633,69],{"class":61},[47,112635,77],{"class":65},[47,112637,69],{"class":61},[47,112639,2333],{"class":65},[47,112641,69],{"class":61},[47,112643,4480],{"class":65},[47,112645,9184],{"class":61},[14,112647,20853,112648,112650],{},[44,112649,104],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[773,112652,112654],{"id":112653},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[37,112656,112658],{"className":39,"code":112657,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[44,112659,112660,112684,112717,112721,112740],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,112661,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112663,1118],{"class":53},[47,112665,58],{"class":57},[47,112667,10366],{"class":61},[47,112669,126],{"class":125},[47,112671,21],{"class":129},[47,112673,126],{"class":125},[47,112675,69],{"class":61},[47,112677,136],{"class":125},[47,112679,139],{"class":129},[47,112681,126],{"class":125},[47,112683,9184],{"class":61},[47,112685,112686,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112687,112688],{"class":53},"more_letters ",[47,112690,58],{"class":57},[47,112692,62],{"class":61},[47,112694,126],{"class":125},[47,112696,139],{"class":129},[47,112698,126],{"class":125},[47,112700,69],{"class":61},[47,112702,136],{"class":125},[47,112704,148],{"class":129},[47,112706,126],{"class":125},[47,112708,69],{"class":61},[47,112710,136],{"class":125},[47,112712,18644],{"class":129},[47,112714,126],{"class":125},[47,112716,80],{"class":61},[47,112718,112719],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112720,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,112722,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735,112738],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112724,2106],{"class":53},[47,112726,58],{"class":57},[47,112728,69975],{"class":53},[47,112730,30],{"class":61},[47,112732,111147],{"class":173},[47,112734,170],{"class":61},[47,112736,112737],{"class":173},"more_letters",[47,112739,80],{"class":61},[47,112741,112742,112744,112746,112748],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,112743,167],{"class":166},[47,112745,170],{"class":61},[47,112747,2141],{"class":173},[47,112749,80],{"class":61},[14,112751,29907],{},[37,112753,112755],{"className":39,"code":112754,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[44,112756,112757],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,112758,112759,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112760,9153],{"class":61},[47,112762,256],{"class":125},[47,112764,21],{"class":129},[47,112766,256],{"class":125},[47,112768,69],{"class":61},[47,112770,265],{"class":125},[47,112772,139],{"class":129},[47,112774,256],{"class":125},[47,112776,69],{"class":61},[47,112778,265],{"class":125},[47,112780,148],{"class":129},[47,112782,256],{"class":125},[47,112784,69],{"class":61},[47,112786,265],{"class":125},[47,112788,18644],{"class":129},[47,112790,256],{"class":125},[47,112792,9184],{"class":61},[773,112794,112796],{"id":112795},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112798,112799],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[37,112801,112803],{"className":39,"code":112802,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,112804,112805,112830,112853,112857],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,112806,112807,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112808,112809],{"class":53},"chars ",[47,112811,58],{"class":57},[47,112813,10366],{"class":61},[47,112815,126],{"class":125},[47,112817,21],{"class":129},[47,112819,126],{"class":125},[47,112821,69],{"class":61},[47,112823,136],{"class":125},[47,112825,139],{"class":129},[47,112827,126],{"class":125},[47,112829,9184],{"class":61},[47,112831,112832,112834,112836,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112833,2106],{"class":53},[47,112835,58],{"class":57},[47,112837,112838],{"class":53}," chars",[47,112840,30],{"class":61},[47,112842,111147],{"class":173},[47,112844,170],{"class":61},[47,112846,126],{"class":125},[47,112848,36929],{"class":129},[47,112850,126],{"class":125},[47,112852,80],{"class":61},[47,112854,112855],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112856,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,112858,112859,112861,112863,112865],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112860,167],{"class":166},[47,112862,170],{"class":61},[47,112864,2141],{"class":173},[47,112866,80],{"class":61},[14,112868,29907],{},[37,112870,112872],{"className":39,"code":112871,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[44,112873,112874],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,112875,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112877,9153],{"class":61},[47,112879,256],{"class":125},[47,112881,21],{"class":129},[47,112883,256],{"class":125},[47,112885,69],{"class":61},[47,112887,265],{"class":125},[47,112889,139],{"class":129},[47,112891,256],{"class":125},[47,112893,69],{"class":61},[47,112895,265],{"class":125},[47,112897,148],{"class":129},[47,112899,256],{"class":125},[47,112901,69],{"class":61},[47,112903,265],{"class":125},[47,112905,63166],{"class":129},[47,112907,256],{"class":125},[47,112909,9184],{"class":61},[14,112911,22065,112912,112915],{},[44,112913,112914],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[291,112917,112918,112922,112926],{},[294,112919,112920],{},[44,112921,66360],{},[294,112923,112924],{},[44,112925,17972],{},[294,112927,112928],{},[44,112929,112930],{},"\"t\"",[32,112932,112934,10461,112936],{"id":112933},"union-vs-update",[44,112935,102681],{},[44,112937,14833],{},[14,112939,112940,4267,112942,112944],{},[44,112941,102681],{},[44,112943,14833],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[773,112946,112947],{"id":111147},[44,112948,102681],{},[291,112950,112951,112953],{},[294,112952,110509],{},[294,112954,110518],{},[37,112956,112957],{"className":39,"code":112042,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,112958,112959,112975,112991,112995,113013,113017,113029],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,112960,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112962,2430],{"class":53},[47,112964,58],{"class":57},[47,112966,10366],{"class":61},[47,112968,66],{"class":65},[47,112970,69],{"class":61},[47,112972,72],{"class":65},[47,112974,9184],{"class":61},[47,112976,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112978,2458],{"class":53},[47,112980,58],{"class":57},[47,112982,10366],{"class":61},[47,112984,1931],{"class":65},[47,112986,69],{"class":61},[47,112988,77],{"class":65},[47,112990,9184],{"class":61},[47,112992,112993],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112994,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,112996,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112998,2106],{"class":53},[47,113000,58],{"class":57},[47,113002,56771],{"class":53},[47,113004,30],{"class":61},[47,113006,111147],{"class":173},[47,113008,170],{"class":61},[47,113010,139],{"class":173},[47,113012,80],{"class":61},[47,113014,113015],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,113016,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,113018,113019,113021,113023,113025,113027],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,113020,167],{"class":166},[47,113022,170],{"class":61},[47,113024,2141],{"class":173},[47,113026,3533],{"class":61},[47,113028,112115],{"class":1494},[47,113030,113031,113033,113035,113037,113039],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,113032,167],{"class":166},[47,113034,170],{"class":61},[47,113036,21],{"class":173},[47,113038,3533],{"class":61},[47,113040,112128],{"class":1494},[773,113042,113043],{"id":30342},[44,113044,14833],{},[291,113046,113047,113050],{},[294,113048,113049],{},"changes the existing set in place",[294,113051,113052],{},"does not create a separate result set",[37,113054,113056],{"className":39,"code":113055,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,113057,113058,113074,113090,113094,113108,113112],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,113059,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113061,2430],{"class":53},[47,113063,58],{"class":57},[47,113065,10366],{"class":61},[47,113067,66],{"class":65},[47,113069,69],{"class":61},[47,113071,72],{"class":65},[47,113073,9184],{"class":61},[47,113075,113076,113078,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113077,2458],{"class":53},[47,113079,58],{"class":57},[47,113081,10366],{"class":61},[47,113083,1931],{"class":65},[47,113085,69],{"class":61},[47,113087,77],{"class":65},[47,113089,9184],{"class":61},[47,113091,113092],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113093,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,113095,113096,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113097,21],{"class":53},[47,113099,30],{"class":61},[47,113101,30342],{"class":173},[47,113103,170],{"class":61},[47,113105,139],{"class":173},[47,113107,80],{"class":61},[47,113109,113110],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,113111,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,113113,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,113115,167],{"class":166},[47,113117,170],{"class":61},[47,113119,21],{"class":173},[47,113121,3533],{"class":61},[47,113123,112115],{"class":1494},[14,113125,1967,113126,113128],{},[44,113127,102681],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113130,113131,113132,30],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[21,113133,3448,113134,10617],{"href":98401},[44,113135,97196],{},[32,113137,4393],{"id":4392},[773,113139,8330,113141,113143],{"id":113140},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[44,113142,102681],{}," to change the original set",[14,113145,81706],{},[37,113147,113149],{"className":39,"code":113148,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[44,113150,113151,113167,113183,113187,113201],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,113152,113153,113155,113157,113159,113161,113163,113165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113154,2430],{"class":53},[47,113156,58],{"class":57},[47,113158,10366],{"class":61},[47,113160,66],{"class":65},[47,113162,69],{"class":61},[47,113164,72],{"class":65},[47,113166,9184],{"class":61},[47,113168,113169,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179,113181],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113170,2458],{"class":53},[47,113172,58],{"class":57},[47,113174,10366],{"class":61},[47,113176,1931],{"class":65},[47,113178,69],{"class":61},[47,113180,77],{"class":65},[47,113182,9184],{"class":61},[47,113184,113185],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113186,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,113188,113189,113191,113193,113195,113197,113199],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113190,21],{"class":53},[47,113192,30],{"class":61},[47,113194,111147],{"class":173},[47,113196,170],{"class":61},[47,113198,139],{"class":173},[47,113200,80],{"class":61},[47,113202,113203,113205,113207,113209],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,113204,167],{"class":166},[47,113206,170],{"class":61},[47,113208,21],{"class":173},[47,113210,80],{"class":61},[14,113212,215],{},[37,113214,113215],{"className":39,"code":100389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,113216,113217],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,113218,113219,113221,113223,113225,113227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113220,9153],{"class":61},[47,113222,66],{"class":65},[47,113224,69],{"class":61},[47,113226,72],{"class":65},[47,113228,9184],{"class":61},[14,113230,8373,113231,113233],{},[44,113232,102681],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113235,113236],{},"Fix it like this:",[37,113238,113240],{"className":39,"code":113239,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[44,113241,113242,113258,113274,113278,113296],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,113243,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254,113256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113245,2430],{"class":53},[47,113247,58],{"class":57},[47,113249,10366],{"class":61},[47,113251,66],{"class":65},[47,113253,69],{"class":61},[47,113255,72],{"class":65},[47,113257,9184],{"class":61},[47,113259,113260,113262,113264,113266,113268,113270,113272],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113261,2458],{"class":53},[47,113263,58],{"class":57},[47,113265,10366],{"class":61},[47,113267,1931],{"class":65},[47,113269,69],{"class":61},[47,113271,77],{"class":65},[47,113273,9184],{"class":61},[47,113275,113276],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113277,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,113279,113280,113282,113284,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113281,2430],{"class":53},[47,113283,58],{"class":57},[47,113285,56771],{"class":53},[47,113287,30],{"class":61},[47,113289,111147],{"class":173},[47,113291,170],{"class":61},[47,113293,139],{"class":173},[47,113295,80],{"class":61},[47,113297,113298,113300,113302,113304],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,113299,167],{"class":166},[47,113301,170],{"class":61},[47,113303,21],{"class":173},[47,113305,80],{"class":61},[773,113307,113309],{"id":113308},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113311,113312],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[37,113314,113316],{"className":39,"code":113315,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[44,113317,113318,113334,113350,113354],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,113319,113320,113322,113324,113326,113328,113330,113332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113321,2430],{"class":53},[47,113323,58],{"class":57},[47,113325,10366],{"class":61},[47,113327,1937],{"class":65},[47,113329,69],{"class":61},[47,113331,1242],{"class":65},[47,113333,9184],{"class":61},[47,113335,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344,113346,113348],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113337,2458],{"class":53},[47,113339,58],{"class":57},[47,113341,10366],{"class":61},[47,113343,1931],{"class":65},[47,113345,69],{"class":61},[47,113347,2333],{"class":65},[47,113349,9184],{"class":61},[47,113351,113352],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113353,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,113355,113356,113358,113360,113362,113364,113366,113368,113370],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113357,167],{"class":166},[47,113359,170],{"class":61},[47,113361,21],{"class":173},[47,113363,30],{"class":61},[47,113365,111147],{"class":173},[47,113367,170],{"class":61},[47,113369,139],{"class":173},[47,113371,506],{"class":61},[14,113373,113374],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[773,113376,113378],{"id":113377},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[37,113380,113382],{"className":39,"code":113381,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[44,113383,113384,113400,113422],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,113385,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394,113396,113398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113387,3943],{"class":53},[47,113389,58],{"class":57},[47,113391,10366],{"class":61},[47,113393,126],{"class":125},[47,113395,58010],{"class":129},[47,113397,126],{"class":125},[47,113399,9184],{"class":61},[47,113401,113402,113404,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113403,2106],{"class":53},[47,113405,58],{"class":57},[47,113407,6042],{"class":53},[47,113409,30],{"class":61},[47,113411,111147],{"class":173},[47,113413,170],{"class":61},[47,113415,126],{"class":125},[47,113417,36929],{"class":129},[47,113419,126],{"class":125},[47,113421,80],{"class":61},[47,113423,113424,113426,113428,113430],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113425,167],{"class":166},[47,113427,170],{"class":61},[47,113429,2141],{"class":173},[47,113431,80],{"class":61},[14,113433,113434,113435,2064,113437,16949,113439,113441,113442,113444],{},"This adds ",[44,113436,66360],{},[44,113438,17972],{},[44,113440,112930],{}," as separate items, not ",[44,113443,112914],{}," as one item.",[14,113446,113447],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[37,113449,113451],{"className":39,"code":113450,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[44,113452,113453,113469,113491],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,113454,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113456,3943],{"class":53},[47,113458,58],{"class":57},[47,113460,10366],{"class":61},[47,113462,126],{"class":125},[47,113464,58010],{"class":129},[47,113466,126],{"class":125},[47,113468,9184],{"class":61},[47,113470,113471,113473,113475,113477,113479,113481,113483,113485,113487,113489],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113472,2106],{"class":53},[47,113474,58],{"class":57},[47,113476,6042],{"class":53},[47,113478,30],{"class":61},[47,113480,111147],{"class":173},[47,113482,122],{"class":61},[47,113484,126],{"class":125},[47,113486,36929],{"class":129},[47,113488,126],{"class":125},[47,113490,153],{"class":61},[47,113492,113493,113495,113497,113499],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113494,167],{"class":166},[47,113496,170],{"class":61},[47,113498,2141],{"class":173},[47,113500,80],{"class":61},[773,113502,113504],{"id":113503},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113506,2712],{},[37,113508,113510],{"className":39,"code":113509,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[44,113511,113512],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,113513,113514,113516,113518,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532,113534,113536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113515,15506],{"class":53},[47,113517,58],{"class":57},[47,113519,10366],{"class":61},[47,113521,66],{"class":65},[47,113523,69],{"class":61},[47,113525,72],{"class":65},[47,113527,69],{"class":61},[47,113529,957],{"class":61},[47,113531,1937],{"class":65},[47,113533,69],{"class":61},[47,113535,2333],{"class":65},[47,113537,13584],{"class":61},[14,113539,113540],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113542,113543,113544,2760],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[44,113545,102681],{},[37,113547,113549],{"className":39,"code":113548,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[44,113550,113551,113567,113589],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,113552,113553,113555,113557,113559,113561,113563,113565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113554,15506],{"class":53},[47,113556,58],{"class":57},[47,113558,10366],{"class":61},[47,113560,66],{"class":65},[47,113562,69],{"class":61},[47,113564,72],{"class":65},[47,113566,9184],{"class":61},[47,113568,113569,113571,113573,113575,113577,113579,113581,113583,113585,113587],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113570,2106],{"class":53},[47,113572,58],{"class":57},[47,113574,96806],{"class":53},[47,113576,30],{"class":61},[47,113578,111147],{"class":173},[47,113580,122],{"class":61},[47,113582,1937],{"class":65},[47,113584,69],{"class":61},[47,113586,2333],{"class":65},[47,113588,153],{"class":61},[47,113590,113591,113593,113595,113597],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113592,167],{"class":166},[47,113594,170],{"class":61},[47,113596,2141],{"class":173},[47,113598,80],{"class":61},[32,113600,113602],{"id":113601},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113604,113605],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[291,113607,113608,113614,113621,113624],{},[294,113609,113610,113611,113613],{},"call ",[44,113612,102681],{}," without saving the returned set",[294,113615,113616,113617,8582,113619],{},"confuse ",[44,113618,102681],{},[44,113620,14833],{},[294,113622,113623],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[294,113625,113626],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113628,113629,113630,4267,113634,30],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[21,113631,3448,113632,10617],{"href":102670},[44,113633,106451],{},[21,113635,3448,113637,10617],{"href":113636},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[44,113638,100301],{},[14,113640,62176],{},[37,113642,113644],{"className":39,"code":113643,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[44,113645,113646,113656,113670,113680],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,113647,113648,113650,113652,113654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113649,167],{"class":166},[47,113651,170],{"class":61},[47,113653,15544],{"class":173},[47,113655,80],{"class":61},[47,113657,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666,113668],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113659,167],{"class":166},[47,113661,170],{"class":61},[47,113663,499],{"class":118},[47,113665,170],{"class":61},[47,113667,15544],{"class":173},[47,113669,506],{"class":61},[47,113671,113672,113674,113676,113678],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113673,167],{"class":166},[47,113675,170],{"class":61},[47,113677,2141],{"class":173},[47,113679,80],{"class":61},[47,113681,113682,113684,113686,113688,113690,113692],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113683,32031],{"class":166},[47,113685,170],{"class":61},[47,113687,6161],{"class":118},[47,113689,30],{"class":61},[47,113691,111147],{"class":24626},[47,113693,80],{"class":61},[32,113695,1708],{"id":1707},[773,113697,12584,113699,102621],{"id":113698},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[44,113700,107921],{},[14,113702,102624],{},[773,113704,5044,113706,113708],{"id":113705},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[44,113707,102681],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113710,113711],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[773,113713,28206,113715,113717],{"id":113714},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[44,113716,102681],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113719,42033,113720,113722],{},[44,113721,102681],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[773,113724,113726],{"id":113725},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113728,113729],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[773,113731,5054,113733,4267,113735,2368],{"id":113732},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[44,113734,102681],{},[44,113736,113737],{},"|",[14,113739,113740,113741,113743,113744,113746],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[44,113742,113737],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[44,113745,102681],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[32,113748,1758],{"id":1757},[291,113750,113751,113755,113761,113767,113773],{},[294,113752,113753],{},[21,113754,96210],{"href":97381},[294,113756,113757],{},[21,113758,3448,113759,10617],{"href":98401},[44,113760,97196],{},[294,113762,113763],{},[21,113764,3448,113765,10617],{"href":102670},[44,113766,106451],{},[294,113768,113769],{},[21,113770,3448,113771,10617],{"href":113636},[44,113772,100301],{},[294,113774,113775],{},[21,113776,100226],{"href":98959},[1796,113778,113779],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":113781},[113782,113783,113785,113786,113787,113788,113790,113796,113801,113808,113809,113820],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":111877,"depth":83,"text":113784},"What set.union() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":21845,"depth":83,"text":21846},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":112364,"depth":83,"text":113789},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112522,"depth":83,"text":113791,"children":113792},"Using union() with other iterables",[113793,113794,113795],{"id":112533,"depth":94,"text":112534},{"id":112653,"depth":94,"text":112654},{"id":112795,"depth":94,"text":112796},{"id":112933,"depth":83,"text":113797,"children":113798},"union() vs update()",[113799,113800],{"id":111147,"depth":94,"text":102681},{"id":30342,"depth":94,"text":14833},{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":113802},[113803,113805,113806,113807],{"id":113140,"depth":94,"text":113804},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113308,"depth":94,"text":113309},{"id":113377,"depth":94,"text":113378},{"id":113503,"depth":94,"text":113504},{"id":113601,"depth":83,"text":113602},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":113810},[113811,113813,113815,113817,113818],{"id":113698,"depth":94,"text":113812},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113705,"depth":94,"text":113814},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113714,"depth":94,"text":113816},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113725,"depth":94,"text":113726},{"id":113732,"depth":94,"text":113819},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111757,"description":113821},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113827,"title":113828,"body":113829,"description":115718,"extension":1837,"meta":115719,"navigation":159,"path":96695,"seo":115720,"stem":115721,"__hash__":115722},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113830,"toc":115684},[113831,113836,113841,113849,113851,113909,113914,113919,113923,113935,113938,114012,114017,114019,114021,114040,114042,114059,114062,114089,114091,114161,114165,114167,114173,114175,114236,114241,114243,114300,114304,114309,114374,114376,114396,114403,114407,114412,114497,114500,114507,114610,114614,114619,114677,114680,114691,114705,114712,114770,114777,114780,114790,114794,114852,114856,114922,114925,114983,114990,114997,115000,115004,115013,115082,115086,115092,115180,115190,115194,115198,115202,115205,115266,115271,115328,115332,115334,115369,115376,115378,115432,115439,115443,115446,115511,115520,115526,115583,115585,115590,115594,115598,115601,115608,115616,115620,115625,115629,115635,115637,115672,115681],[10,113832,96082,113834,11199],{"id":113833},"python-set-update-method",[44,113835,14833],{},[14,113837,113838,113840],{},[44,113839,97196],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113842,113843,113844,113848],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[21,113845,113846],{"href":98382},[44,113847,96090],{},", which adds only one item.",[32,113850,3482],{"id":3481},[37,113852,113854],{"className":39,"code":113853,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[44,113855,113856,113872,113894,113904],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,113857,113858,113860,113862,113864,113866,113868,113870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113859,54],{"class":53},[47,113861,58],{"class":57},[47,113863,10366],{"class":61},[47,113865,66],{"class":65},[47,113867,69],{"class":61},[47,113869,72],{"class":65},[47,113871,9184],{"class":61},[47,113873,113874,113876,113878,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888,113890,113892],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113875,174],{"class":53},[47,113877,30],{"class":61},[47,113879,30342],{"class":173},[47,113881,122],{"class":61},[47,113883,1931],{"class":65},[47,113885,69],{"class":61},[47,113887,77],{"class":65},[47,113889,69],{"class":61},[47,113891,2333],{"class":65},[47,113893,153],{"class":61},[47,113895,113896,113898,113900,113902],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113897,167],{"class":166},[47,113899,170],{"class":61},[47,113901,174],{"class":173},[47,113903,80],{"class":61},[47,113905,113906],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113907,113908],{"class":1494},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,113910,1967,113911,113913],{},[44,113912,14833],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[32,113915,3550,113917,3553],{"id":113916},"what-setupdate-does",[44,113918,97196],{},[14,113920,113921,2760],{},[44,113922,97196],{},[291,113924,113925,113928,113930,113933],{},[294,113926,113927],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[294,113929,96197],{},[294,113931,113932],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[294,113934,96200],{},[14,113936,113937],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[37,113939,113941],{"className":39,"code":113940,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[44,113942,113943,113967,113993,113997,114007],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,113944,113945,113947,113949,113951,113953,113955,113957,113959,113961,113963,113965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113946,823],{"class":53},[47,113948,58],{"class":57},[47,113950,10366],{"class":61},[47,113952,126],{"class":125},[47,113954,832],{"class":129},[47,113956,126],{"class":125},[47,113958,69],{"class":61},[47,113960,136],{"class":125},[47,113962,850],{"class":129},[47,113964,126],{"class":125},[47,113966,9184],{"class":61},[47,113968,113969,113971,113973,113975,113977,113979,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113970,863],{"class":53},[47,113972,30],{"class":61},[47,113974,30342],{"class":173},[47,113976,122],{"class":61},[47,113978,126],{"class":125},[47,113980,850],{"class":129},[47,113982,126],{"class":125},[47,113984,69],{"class":61},[47,113986,136],{"class":125},[47,113988,841],{"class":129},[47,113990,126],{"class":125},[47,113992,153],{"class":61},[47,113994,113995],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113996,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,113998,113999,114001,114003,114005],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114000,167],{"class":166},[47,114002,170],{"class":61},[47,114004,863],{"class":173},[47,114006,80],{"class":61},[47,114008,114009],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,114010,114011],{"class":1494},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114013,20853,114014,114016],{},[44,114015,110912],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[32,114018,2032],{"id":2031},[14,114020,7092],{},[37,114022,114024],{"className":39,"code":114023,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[44,114025,114026],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114027,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036,114038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114029,15544],{"class":53},[47,114031,30],{"class":61},[47,114033,30342],{"class":173},[47,114035,170],{"class":61},[47,114037,3594],{"class":173},[47,114039,80],{"class":61},[14,114041,80082],{},[291,114043,114044,114047,114050,114053,114056],{},[294,114045,114046],{},"A list",[294,114048,114049],{},"A tuple",[294,114051,114052],{},"Another set",[294,114054,114055],{},"A string",[294,114057,114058],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114060,114061],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[37,114063,114065],{"className":39,"code":114064,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[44,114066,114067],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114068,114069,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085,114087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114070,15544],{"class":53},[47,114072,30],{"class":61},[47,114074,30342],{"class":173},[47,114076,170],{"class":61},[47,114078,21],{"class":173},[47,114080,69],{"class":61},[47,114082,2435],{"class":173},[47,114084,69],{"class":61},[47,114086,9557],{"class":173},[47,114088,80],{"class":61},[14,114090,2083],{},[37,114092,114094],{"className":39,"code":114093,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[44,114095,114096,114108,114142,114146,114156],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114097,114098,114100,114102,114104,114106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114099,1196],{"class":53},[47,114101,58],{"class":57},[47,114103,10366],{"class":61},[47,114105,66],{"class":65},[47,114107,9184],{"class":61},[47,114109,114110,114112,114114,114116,114118,114120,114122,114124,114126,114128,114130,114132,114134,114136,114138,114140],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114111,1221],{"class":53},[47,114113,30],{"class":61},[47,114115,30342],{"class":173},[47,114117,122],{"class":61},[47,114119,1931],{"class":65},[47,114121,69],{"class":61},[47,114123,77],{"class":65},[47,114125,17938],{"class":61},[47,114127,62],{"class":61},[47,114129,1210],{"class":65},[47,114131,69],{"class":61},[47,114133,4480],{"class":65},[47,114135,954],{"class":61},[47,114137,10366],{"class":61},[47,114139,80473],{"class":65},[47,114141,30374],{"class":61},[47,114143,114144],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114145,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114147,114148,114150,114152,114154],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114149,167],{"class":166},[47,114151,170],{"class":61},[47,114153,1221],{"class":173},[47,114155,80],{"class":61},[47,114157,114158],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,114159,114160],{"class":1494},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114162,96206,114163,30],{},[21,114164,96214],{"href":97765},[32,114166,21846],{"id":21845},[14,114168,114169,2274,114171,30],{},[44,114170,97196],{},[44,114172,3652],{},[14,114174,11593],{},[37,114176,114178],{"className":39,"code":114177,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[44,114179,114180,114196,114218,114222,114232],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114181,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190,114192,114194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114183,54],{"class":53},[47,114185,58],{"class":57},[47,114187,10366],{"class":61},[47,114189,66],{"class":65},[47,114191,69],{"class":61},[47,114193,72],{"class":65},[47,114195,9184],{"class":61},[47,114197,114198,114200,114202,114204,114206,114208,114210,114212,114214,114216],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114199,2106],{"class":53},[47,114201,58],{"class":57},[47,114203,4136],{"class":53},[47,114205,30],{"class":61},[47,114207,30342],{"class":173},[47,114209,122],{"class":61},[47,114211,1937],{"class":65},[47,114213,69],{"class":61},[47,114215,2333],{"class":65},[47,114217,153],{"class":61},[47,114219,114220],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114221,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114223,114224,114226,114228,114230],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114225,167],{"class":166},[47,114227,170],{"class":61},[47,114229,2141],{"class":173},[47,114231,80],{"class":61},[47,114233,114234],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,114235,61712],{"class":1494},[14,114237,114238,114239,30],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[44,114240,2141],{},[14,114242,18845],{},[37,114244,114246],{"className":39,"code":114245,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[44,114247,114248,114264,114282,114286,114296],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114249,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258,114260,114262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114251,54],{"class":53},[47,114253,58],{"class":57},[47,114255,10366],{"class":61},[47,114257,66],{"class":65},[47,114259,69],{"class":61},[47,114261,72],{"class":65},[47,114263,9184],{"class":61},[47,114265,114266,114268,114270,114272,114274,114276,114278,114280],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114267,174],{"class":53},[47,114269,30],{"class":61},[47,114271,30342],{"class":173},[47,114273,122],{"class":61},[47,114275,1937],{"class":65},[47,114277,69],{"class":61},[47,114279,2333],{"class":65},[47,114281,153],{"class":61},[47,114283,114284],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114285,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114287,114288,114290,114292,114294],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114289,167],{"class":166},[47,114291,170],{"class":61},[47,114293,174],{"class":173},[47,114295,80],{"class":61},[47,114297,114298],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,114299,113908],{"class":1494},[32,114301,114303],{"id":114302},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114305,114306,114307,30],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[44,114308,14833],{},[37,114310,114312],{"className":39,"code":114311,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[44,114313,114314,114330,114356,114360,114370],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114315,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114317,54],{"class":53},[47,114319,58],{"class":57},[47,114321,10366],{"class":61},[47,114323,66],{"class":65},[47,114325,69],{"class":61},[47,114327,72],{"class":65},[47,114329,9184],{"class":61},[47,114331,114332,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352,114354],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114333,174],{"class":53},[47,114335,30],{"class":61},[47,114337,30342],{"class":173},[47,114339,122],{"class":61},[47,114341,1931],{"class":65},[47,114343,69],{"class":61},[47,114345,77],{"class":65},[47,114347,69],{"class":61},[47,114349,2333],{"class":65},[47,114351,69],{"class":61},[47,114353,2333],{"class":65},[47,114355,153],{"class":61},[47,114357,114358],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114359,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114361,114362,114364,114366,114368],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114363,167],{"class":166},[47,114365,170],{"class":61},[47,114367,174],{"class":173},[47,114369,80],{"class":61},[47,114371,114372],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,114373,113908],{"class":1494},[14,114375,11562],{},[291,114377,114378,114383,114390],{},[294,114379,114380,114382],{},[44,114381,1931],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[294,114384,114385,4267,114387,114389],{},[44,114386,1937],{},[44,114388,1210],{}," are added",[294,114391,114392,114393,114395],{},"The second ",[44,114394,1210],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114397,114398,114399,114402],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[21,114400,114401],{"href":98959},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[32,114404,114406],{"id":114405},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114408,7637,114409,114411],{},[44,114410,14833],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[37,114413,114415],{"className":39,"code":114414,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,114416,114417,114438,114459,114463,114479,114483,114493],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114418,114419,114422,114424,114426,114428,114430,114432,114434,114436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114420,114421],{"class":53},"set_a ",[47,114423,58],{"class":57},[47,114425,10366],{"class":61},[47,114427,66],{"class":65},[47,114429,69],{"class":61},[47,114431,72],{"class":65},[47,114433,69],{"class":61},[47,114435,77],{"class":65},[47,114437,9184],{"class":61},[47,114439,114440,114443,114445,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114441,114442],{"class":53},"set_b ",[47,114444,58],{"class":57},[47,114446,10366],{"class":61},[47,114448,1937],{"class":65},[47,114450,69],{"class":61},[47,114452,2333],{"class":65},[47,114454,69],{"class":61},[47,114456,4480],{"class":65},[47,114458,9184],{"class":61},[47,114460,114461],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114462,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114464,114465,114468,114470,114472,114474,114477],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114466,114467],{"class":53},"set_a",[47,114469,30],{"class":61},[47,114471,30342],{"class":173},[47,114473,170],{"class":61},[47,114475,114476],{"class":173},"set_b",[47,114478,80],{"class":61},[47,114480,114481],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,114482,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114484,114485,114487,114489,114491],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,114486,167],{"class":166},[47,114488,170],{"class":61},[47,114490,114467],{"class":173},[47,114492,80],{"class":61},[47,114494,114495],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,114496,111869],{"class":1494},[14,114498,114499],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114501,114502,114503,30],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[21,114504,114505],{"href":102678},[44,114506,107921],{},[37,114508,114510],{"className":39,"code":114509,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,114511,114512,114532,114552,114556,114576,114580,114591,114595,114605],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114513,114514,114516,114518,114520,114522,114524,114526,114528,114530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114515,114421],{"class":53},[47,114517,58],{"class":57},[47,114519,10366],{"class":61},[47,114521,66],{"class":65},[47,114523,69],{"class":61},[47,114525,72],{"class":65},[47,114527,69],{"class":61},[47,114529,77],{"class":65},[47,114531,9184],{"class":61},[47,114533,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114535,114442],{"class":53},[47,114537,58],{"class":57},[47,114539,10366],{"class":61},[47,114541,1937],{"class":65},[47,114543,69],{"class":61},[47,114545,2333],{"class":65},[47,114547,69],{"class":61},[47,114549,4480],{"class":65},[47,114551,9184],{"class":61},[47,114553,114554],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114555,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114557,114558,114561,114563,114566,114568,114570,114572,114574],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114559,114560],{"class":53},"combined ",[47,114562,58],{"class":57},[47,114564,114565],{"class":53}," set_a",[47,114567,30],{"class":61},[47,114569,111147],{"class":173},[47,114571,170],{"class":61},[47,114573,114476],{"class":173},[47,114575,80],{"class":61},[47,114577,114578],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,114579,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114581,114582,114584,114586,114589],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,114583,167],{"class":166},[47,114585,170],{"class":61},[47,114587,114588],{"class":173},"combined",[47,114590,80],{"class":61},[47,114592,114593],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,114594,111869],{"class":1494},[47,114596,114597,114599,114601,114603],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,114598,167],{"class":166},[47,114600,170],{"class":61},[47,114602,114467],{"class":173},[47,114604,80],{"class":61},[47,114606,114607],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,114608,114609],{"class":1494},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[32,114611,114613],{"id":114612},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114615,64618,114616,114618],{},[44,114617,14833],{}," adds each character separately.",[37,114620,114622],{"className":39,"code":114621,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[44,114623,114624,114640,114658,114662,114672],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114625,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634,114636,114638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114627,1118],{"class":53},[47,114629,58],{"class":57},[47,114631,10366],{"class":61},[47,114633,126],{"class":125},[47,114635,2049],{"class":129},[47,114637,126],{"class":125},[47,114639,9184],{"class":61},[47,114641,114642,114644,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114643,1142],{"class":53},[47,114645,30],{"class":61},[47,114647,30342],{"class":173},[47,114649,170],{"class":61},[47,114651,126],{"class":125},[47,114653,36929],{"class":129},[47,114655,126],{"class":125},[47,114657,80],{"class":61},[47,114659,114660],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114661,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114663,114664,114666,114668,114670],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114665,167],{"class":166},[47,114667,170],{"class":61},[47,114669,1142],{"class":173},[47,114671,80],{"class":61},[47,114673,114674],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,114675,114676],{"class":1494},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114678,114679],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114681,114682,13932,114685,114687,114688,114690],{},[44,114683,114684],{},"update(\"cat\")",[575,114686,577],{}," add ",[44,114689,112914],{}," as one item. It adds:",[291,114692,114693,114697,114701],{},[294,114694,114695],{},[44,114696,66360],{},[294,114698,114699],{},[44,114700,17972],{},[294,114702,114703],{},[44,114704,112930],{},[14,114706,114707,114708,2760],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[21,114709,114710],{"href":98382},[44,114711,96090],{},[37,114713,114715],{"className":39,"code":114714,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[44,114716,114717,114733,114751,114755,114765],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114718,114719,114721,114723,114725,114727,114729,114731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114720,3943],{"class":53},[47,114722,58],{"class":57},[47,114724,10366],{"class":61},[47,114726,126],{"class":125},[47,114728,58010],{"class":129},[47,114730,126],{"class":125},[47,114732,9184],{"class":61},[47,114734,114735,114737,114739,114741,114743,114745,114747,114749],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114736,3986],{"class":53},[47,114738,30],{"class":61},[47,114740,81985],{"class":173},[47,114742,170],{"class":61},[47,114744,126],{"class":125},[47,114746,36929],{"class":129},[47,114748,126],{"class":125},[47,114750,80],{"class":61},[47,114752,114753],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114754,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114756,114757,114759,114761,114763],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114758,167],{"class":166},[47,114760,170],{"class":61},[47,114762,3986],{"class":173},[47,114764,80],{"class":61},[47,114766,114767],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,114768,114769],{"class":1494},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[32,114771,114773,10461,114775],{"id":114772},"update-vs-add",[44,114774,14833],{},[44,114776,96085],{},[14,114778,114779],{},"The difference is simple:",[291,114781,114782,114786],{},[294,114783,114784,96684],{},[44,114785,96085],{},[294,114787,114788,96689],{},[44,114789,14833],{},[14,114791,45923,114792,2760],{},[44,114793,96085],{},[37,114795,114797],{"className":39,"code":114796,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[44,114798,114799,114815,114833,114837,114847],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114800,114801,114803,114805,114807,114809,114811,114813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114802,36120],{"class":53},[47,114804,58],{"class":57},[47,114806,10366],{"class":61},[47,114808,126],{"class":125},[47,114810,405],{"class":129},[47,114812,126],{"class":125},[47,114814,9184],{"class":61},[47,114816,114817,114819,114821,114823,114825,114827,114829,114831],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114818,36172],{"class":53},[47,114820,30],{"class":61},[47,114822,81985],{"class":173},[47,114824,170],{"class":61},[47,114826,126],{"class":125},[47,114828,3960],{"class":129},[47,114830,126],{"class":125},[47,114832,80],{"class":61},[47,114834,114835],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114836,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114838,114839,114841,114843,114845],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114840,167],{"class":166},[47,114842,170],{"class":61},[47,114844,36172],{"class":173},[47,114846,80],{"class":61},[47,114848,114849],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,114850,114851],{"class":1494},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114853,45923,114854,2760],{},[44,114855,14833],{},[37,114857,114859],{"className":39,"code":114858,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[44,114860,114861,114877,114903,114907,114917],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114862,114863,114865,114867,114869,114871,114873,114875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114864,36120],{"class":53},[47,114866,58],{"class":57},[47,114868,10366],{"class":61},[47,114870,126],{"class":125},[47,114872,405],{"class":129},[47,114874,126],{"class":125},[47,114876,9184],{"class":61},[47,114878,114879,114881,114883,114885,114887,114889,114891,114893,114895,114897,114899,114901],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114880,36172],{"class":53},[47,114882,30],{"class":61},[47,114884,30342],{"class":173},[47,114886,122],{"class":61},[47,114888,126],{"class":125},[47,114890,3960],{"class":129},[47,114892,126],{"class":125},[47,114894,69],{"class":61},[47,114896,136],{"class":125},[47,114898,33100],{"class":129},[47,114900,126],{"class":125},[47,114902,153],{"class":61},[47,114904,114905],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114906,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114908,114909,114911,114913,114915],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114910,167],{"class":166},[47,114912,170],{"class":61},[47,114914,36172],{"class":173},[47,114916,80],{"class":61},[47,114918,114919],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,114920,114921],{"class":1494},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,114923,114924],{},"Important warning with strings:",[37,114926,114928],{"className":39,"code":114927,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[44,114929,114930,114946,114964,114968,114978],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,114931,114932,114934,114936,114938,114940,114942,114944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114933,36120],{"class":53},[47,114935,58],{"class":57},[47,114937,10366],{"class":61},[47,114939,126],{"class":125},[47,114941,405],{"class":129},[47,114943,126],{"class":125},[47,114945,9184],{"class":61},[47,114947,114948,114950,114952,114954,114956,114958,114960,114962],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114949,36172],{"class":53},[47,114951,30],{"class":61},[47,114953,30342],{"class":173},[47,114955,170],{"class":61},[47,114957,126],{"class":125},[47,114959,38222],{"class":129},[47,114961,126],{"class":125},[47,114963,80],{"class":61},[47,114965,114966],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114967,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,114969,114970,114972,114974,114976],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114971,167],{"class":166},[47,114973,170],{"class":61},[47,114975,36172],{"class":173},[47,114977,80],{"class":61},[47,114979,114980],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,114981,114982],{"class":1494},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,114984,61987,114985,62060,114988,6504],{},[44,114986,114987],{},"\"kiwi\"",[44,114989,96085],{},[32,114991,114993,10461,114995],{"id":114992},"update-vs-union",[44,114994,14833],{},[44,114996,102681],{},[14,114998,114999],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[773,115001,115002],{"id":30342},[44,115003,14833],{},[291,115005,115006,115009],{},[294,115007,115008],{},"Changes the existing set",[294,115010,11301,115011],{},[44,115012,3652],{},[37,115014,115016],{"className":39,"code":115015,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,115017,115018,115034,115050,115054,115068,115078],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,115019,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028,115030,115032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115021,2430],{"class":53},[47,115023,58],{"class":57},[47,115025,10366],{"class":61},[47,115027,66],{"class":65},[47,115029,69],{"class":61},[47,115031,72],{"class":65},[47,115033,9184],{"class":61},[47,115035,115036,115038,115040,115042,115044,115046,115048],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115037,2458],{"class":53},[47,115039,58],{"class":57},[47,115041,10366],{"class":61},[47,115043,1931],{"class":65},[47,115045,69],{"class":61},[47,115047,77],{"class":65},[47,115049,9184],{"class":61},[47,115051,115052],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115053,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,115055,115056,115058,115060,115062,115064,115066],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115057,21],{"class":53},[47,115059,30],{"class":61},[47,115061,30342],{"class":173},[47,115063,170],{"class":61},[47,115065,139],{"class":173},[47,115067,80],{"class":61},[47,115069,115070,115072,115074,115076],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,115071,167],{"class":166},[47,115073,170],{"class":61},[47,115075,21],{"class":173},[47,115077,80],{"class":61},[47,115079,115080],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,115081,114609],{"class":1494},[773,115083,115084],{"id":111147},[44,115085,102681],{},[291,115087,115088,115090],{},[294,115089,101219],{},[294,115091,101222],{},[37,115093,115095],{"className":39,"code":115094,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[44,115096,115097,115113,115129,115133,115151,115161,115165,115175],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,115098,115099,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115100,2430],{"class":53},[47,115102,58],{"class":57},[47,115104,10366],{"class":61},[47,115106,66],{"class":65},[47,115108,69],{"class":61},[47,115110,72],{"class":65},[47,115112,9184],{"class":61},[47,115114,115115,115117,115119,115121,115123,115125,115127],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115116,2458],{"class":53},[47,115118,58],{"class":57},[47,115120,10366],{"class":61},[47,115122,1931],{"class":65},[47,115124,69],{"class":61},[47,115126,77],{"class":65},[47,115128,9184],{"class":61},[47,115130,115131],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115132,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,115134,115135,115137,115139,115141,115143,115145,115147,115149],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115136,83065],{"class":53},[47,115138,58],{"class":57},[47,115140,56771],{"class":53},[47,115142,30],{"class":61},[47,115144,111147],{"class":173},[47,115146,170],{"class":61},[47,115148,139],{"class":173},[47,115150,80],{"class":61},[47,115152,115153,115155,115157,115159],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,115154,167],{"class":166},[47,115156,170],{"class":61},[47,115158,148],{"class":173},[47,115160,80],{"class":61},[47,115162,115163],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,115164,114609],{"class":1494},[47,115166,115167,115169,115171,115173],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,115168,167],{"class":166},[47,115170,170],{"class":61},[47,115172,21],{"class":173},[47,115174,80],{"class":61},[47,115176,115177],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,115178,115179],{"class":1494},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115181,107563,115182,115184,115185,115189],{},[44,115183,14833],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[21,115186,115187],{"href":102678},[44,115188,102681],{}," when you want a new set.",[32,115191,115193],{"id":115192},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115195,10624,115196,30],{},[44,115197,97196],{},[773,115199,115201],{"id":115200},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115203,115204],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[37,115206,115208],{"className":39,"code":115207,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[44,115209,115210,115226,115248,115252,115262],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,115211,115212,115214,115216,115218,115220,115222,115224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115213,15506],{"class":53},[47,115215,58],{"class":57},[47,115217,10366],{"class":61},[47,115219,66],{"class":65},[47,115221,69],{"class":61},[47,115223,72],{"class":65},[47,115225,9184],{"class":61},[47,115227,115228,115230,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244,115246],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115229,2106],{"class":53},[47,115231,58],{"class":57},[47,115233,96806],{"class":53},[47,115235,30],{"class":61},[47,115237,30342],{"class":173},[47,115239,122],{"class":61},[47,115241,1937],{"class":65},[47,115243,69],{"class":61},[47,115245,2333],{"class":65},[47,115247,153],{"class":61},[47,115249,115250],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115251,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,115253,115254,115256,115258,115260],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115255,167],{"class":166},[47,115257,170],{"class":61},[47,115259,2141],{"class":173},[47,115261,80],{"class":61},[47,115263,115264],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,115265,61712],{"class":1494},[14,115267,115268,115269,2760],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[44,115270,14833],{},[37,115272,115274],{"className":39,"code":115273,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[44,115275,115276,115292,115310,115314,115324],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,115277,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288,115290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115279,15506],{"class":53},[47,115281,58],{"class":57},[47,115283,10366],{"class":61},[47,115285,66],{"class":65},[47,115287,69],{"class":61},[47,115289,72],{"class":65},[47,115291,9184],{"class":61},[47,115293,115294,115296,115298,115300,115302,115304,115306,115308],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115295,15544],{"class":53},[47,115297,30],{"class":61},[47,115299,30342],{"class":173},[47,115301,122],{"class":61},[47,115303,1937],{"class":65},[47,115305,69],{"class":61},[47,115307,2333],{"class":65},[47,115309,153],{"class":61},[47,115311,115312],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115313,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,115315,115316,115318,115320,115322],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115317,167],{"class":166},[47,115319,170],{"class":61},[47,115321,15544],{"class":173},[47,115323,80],{"class":61},[47,115325,115326],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,115327,113908],{"class":1494},[773,115329,115331],{"id":115330},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115333,2712],{},[37,115335,115337],{"className":39,"code":115336,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[44,115338,115339,115355],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,115340,115341,115343,115345,115347,115349,115351,115353],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115342,15506],{"class":53},[47,115344,58],{"class":57},[47,115346,10366],{"class":61},[47,115348,66],{"class":65},[47,115350,69],{"class":61},[47,115352,72],{"class":65},[47,115354,9184],{"class":61},[47,115356,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365,115367],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115358,15544],{"class":53},[47,115360,30],{"class":61},[47,115362,30342],{"class":173},[47,115364,170],{"class":61},[47,115366,104],{"class":65},[47,115368,80],{"class":61},[14,115370,62166,115371,8479,115373,115375],{},[44,115372,2879],{},[44,115374,104],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115377,6427],{},[37,115379,115381],{"className":39,"code":115380,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[44,115382,115383,115399,115413,115417,115427],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,115384,115385,115387,115389,115391,115393,115395,115397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115386,15506],{"class":53},[47,115388,58],{"class":57},[47,115390,10366],{"class":61},[47,115392,66],{"class":65},[47,115394,69],{"class":61},[47,115396,72],{"class":65},[47,115398,9184],{"class":61},[47,115400,115401,115403,115405,115407,115409,115411],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115402,15544],{"class":53},[47,115404,30],{"class":61},[47,115406,30342],{"class":173},[47,115408,122],{"class":61},[47,115410,104],{"class":65},[47,115412,153],{"class":61},[47,115414,115415],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115416,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,115418,115419,115421,115423,115425],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115420,167],{"class":166},[47,115422,170],{"class":61},[47,115424,15544],{"class":173},[47,115426,80],{"class":61},[47,115428,115429],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,115430,115431],{"class":1494},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115433,45796,115434,30],{},[21,115435,25556,115436],{"href":52484},[44,115437,115438],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[773,115440,115442],{"id":115441},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115444,115445],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[37,115447,115449],{"className":39,"code":115448,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,115450,115451,115467,115493,115497,115507],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,115452,115453,115455,115457,115459,115461,115463,115465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115454,15506],{"class":53},[47,115456,58],{"class":57},[47,115458,10366],{"class":61},[47,115460,66],{"class":65},[47,115462,69],{"class":61},[47,115464,72],{"class":65},[47,115466,9184],{"class":61},[47,115468,115469,115471,115473,115475,115477,115479,115481,115483,115485,115487,115489,115491],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115470,15544],{"class":53},[47,115472,30],{"class":61},[47,115474,30342],{"class":173},[47,115476,122],{"class":61},[47,115478,1931],{"class":65},[47,115480,69],{"class":61},[47,115482,72],{"class":65},[47,115484,69],{"class":61},[47,115486,72],{"class":65},[47,115488,69],{"class":61},[47,115490,77],{"class":65},[47,115492,153],{"class":61},[47,115494,115495],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115496,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,115498,115499,115501,115503,115505],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115500,167],{"class":166},[47,115502,170],{"class":61},[47,115504,15544],{"class":173},[47,115506,80],{"class":61},[47,115508,115509],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,115510,114609],{"class":1494},[773,115512,115514,115515,44512,115517,115519],{"id":115513},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[44,115516,14833],{},[44,115518,96085],{}," is better",[14,115521,115522,115523,115525],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[44,115524,96085],{}," is usually the better choice.",[37,115527,115529],{"className":39,"code":115528,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[44,115530,115531,115547,115565,115569,115579],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,115532,115533,115535,115537,115539,115541,115543,115545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115534,15506],{"class":53},[47,115536,58],{"class":57},[47,115538,10366],{"class":61},[47,115540,126],{"class":125},[47,115542,58010],{"class":129},[47,115544,126],{"class":125},[47,115546,9184],{"class":61},[47,115548,115549,115551,115553,115555,115557,115559,115561,115563],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115550,15544],{"class":53},[47,115552,30],{"class":61},[47,115554,81985],{"class":173},[47,115556,170],{"class":61},[47,115558,126],{"class":125},[47,115560,36929],{"class":129},[47,115562,126],{"class":125},[47,115564,80],{"class":61},[47,115566,115567],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115568,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,115570,115571,115573,115575,115577],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115572,167],{"class":166},[47,115574,170],{"class":61},[47,115576,15544],{"class":173},[47,115578,80],{"class":61},[47,115580,115581],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,115582,114769],{"class":1494},[32,115584,1708],{"id":1707},[773,115586,12584,115588,97175],{"id":115587},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[44,115589,97196],{},[14,115591,97178,115592,30],{},[44,115593,3652],{},[773,115595,28206,115596,32105],{"id":32102},[44,115597,14833],{},[14,115599,115600],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[773,115602,5054,115604,4267,115606,2368],{"id":115603},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[44,115605,96085],{},[44,115607,14833],{},[14,115609,115610,115612,115613,115615],{},[44,115611,96085],{}," adds one item. ",[44,115614,14833],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[773,115617,115619],{"id":115618},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115621,115622,115623,114618],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[44,115624,14833],{},[773,115626,115628],{"id":115627},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115630,1967,115631,10969,115633,30],{},[44,115632,102681],{},[44,115634,14833],{},[32,115636,1758],{"id":1757},[291,115638,115639,115646,115653,115659,115665],{},[294,115640,115641],{},[21,115642,115643],{"href":98382},[44,115644,115645],{},"Python set add() method",[294,115647,115648],{},[21,115649,115650],{"href":102678},[44,115651,115652],{},"Python set union() method",[294,115654,115655],{},[21,115656,115657],{"href":97765},[44,115658,97220],{},[294,115660,115661],{},[21,115662,115663],{"href":98959},[44,115664,100226],{},[294,115666,115667],{},[21,115668,115669,115671],{"href":52484},[44,115670,115438],{}," fix",[14,115673,115674,115675,115677,115678,115680],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[44,115676,96090],{}," for a single value and ",[44,115679,107921],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1796,115682,115683],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":115685},[115686,115687,115689,115690,115691,115692,115693,115694,115696,115701,115708,115717],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":113916,"depth":83,"text":115688},"What set.update() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":21845,"depth":83,"text":21846},{"id":114302,"depth":83,"text":114303},{"id":114405,"depth":83,"text":114406},{"id":114612,"depth":83,"text":114613},{"id":114772,"depth":83,"text":115695},"update() vs add()",{"id":114992,"depth":83,"text":115697,"children":115698},"update() vs union()",[115699,115700],{"id":30342,"depth":94,"text":14833},{"id":111147,"depth":94,"text":102681},{"id":115192,"depth":83,"text":115193,"children":115702},[115703,115704,115705,115706],{"id":115200,"depth":94,"text":115201},{"id":115330,"depth":94,"text":115331},{"id":115441,"depth":94,"text":115442},{"id":115513,"depth":94,"text":115707},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":115709},[115710,115712,115713,115715,115716],{"id":115587,"depth":94,"text":115711},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32102,"depth":94,"text":32175},{"id":115603,"depth":94,"text":115714},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115618,"depth":94,"text":115619},{"id":115627,"depth":94,"text":115628},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113828,"description":115718},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115724,"title":115725,"body":115726,"description":117492,"extension":1837,"meta":117493,"navigation":159,"path":13668,"seo":117494,"stem":117495,"__hash__":117496},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115727,"toc":117467},[115728,115731,115734,115737,115748,115756,115759,115761,115910,115922,115926,115943,115947,115955,115957,115968,115970,116067,116073,116076,116172,116181,116186,116190,116195,116197,116207,116209,116318,116326,116330,116333,116336,116353,116359,116439,116442,116446,116449,116453,116456,116515,116518,116522,116525,116617,116621,116624,116731,116735,116741,116769,116771,116853,116863,116867,116870,116881,116884,116969,116972,116977,116981,116984,116995,116998,117140,117143,117147,117150,117164,117167,117228,117234,117236,117239,117261,117264,117364,117367,117399,117401,117405,117408,117410,117413,117417,117420,117424,117427,117431,117434,117436,117464],[10,115729,115725],{"id":115730},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115732,115733],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115735,115736],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[291,115738,115739,115742,115745],{},[294,115740,115741],{},"a list inside another list",[294,115743,115744],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[294,115746,115747],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115749,100148,115750,4267,115752,115755],{},[575,115751,12730],{},[575,115753,115754],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115757,115758],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[32,115760,35],{"id":34},[37,115762,115764],{"className":39,"code":115763,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115765,115766,115773,115777,115803,115823,115843,115847,115865,115869,115882,115896],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,115767,115768,115770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115769,34972],{"class":3749},[47,115771,115772],{"class":53}," copy\n",[47,115774,115775],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115776,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,115778,115779,115781,115783,115785,115787,115789,115791,115793,115795,115797,115799,115801],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115780,11965],{"class":53},[47,115782,58],{"class":57},[47,115784,56179],{"class":61},[47,115786,66],{"class":65},[47,115788,69],{"class":61},[47,115790,72],{"class":65},[47,115792,17938],{"class":61},[47,115794,957],{"class":61},[47,115796,1937],{"class":65},[47,115798,69],{"class":61},[47,115800,2333],{"class":65},[47,115802,53127],{"class":61},[47,115804,115805,115808,115810,115813,115815,115817,115819,115821],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115806,115807],{"class":53},"shallow ",[47,115809,58],{"class":57},[47,115811,115812],{"class":53}," copy",[47,115814,30],{"class":61},[47,115816,12791],{"class":173},[47,115818,170],{"class":61},[47,115820,12012],{"class":173},[47,115822,80],{"class":61},[47,115824,115825,115828,115830,115832,115834,115837,115839,115841],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,115826,115827],{"class":53},"deep ",[47,115829,58],{"class":57},[47,115831,115812],{"class":53},[47,115833,30],{"class":61},[47,115835,115836],{"class":173},"deepcopy",[47,115838,170],{"class":61},[47,115840,12012],{"class":173},[47,115842,80],{"class":61},[47,115844,115845],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,115846,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,115848,115849,115851,115853,115855,115857,115859,115861,115863],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,115850,12012],{"class":53},[47,115852,3773],{"class":61},[47,115854,1237],{"class":65},[47,115856,13428],{"class":61},[47,115858,13431],{"class":173},[47,115860,170],{"class":61},[47,115862,56232],{"class":65},[47,115864,80],{"class":61},[47,115866,115867],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,115868,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,115870,115871,115873,115875,115877,115879],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,115872,167],{"class":166},[47,115874,170],{"class":61},[47,115876,12012],{"class":173},[47,115878,3533],{"class":61},[47,115880,115881],{"class":1494},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,115883,115884,115886,115888,115891,115893],{"class":49,"line":6309},[47,115885,167],{"class":166},[47,115887,170],{"class":61},[47,115889,115890],{"class":173},"shallow",[47,115892,3533],{"class":61},[47,115894,115895],{"class":1494},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,115897,115898,115900,115902,115905,115907],{"class":49,"line":11473},[47,115899,167],{"class":166},[47,115901,170],{"class":61},[47,115903,115904],{"class":173},"deep",[47,115906,3533],{"class":61},[47,115908,115909],{"class":1494},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115911,1967,115912,115915,115916,4267,115918,115921],{},[44,115913,115914],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[575,115917,12730],{},[44,115919,115920],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[32,115923,115925],{"id":115924},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[291,115927,115928,115931,115934,115937,115940],{},[294,115929,115930],{},"What a copy means in Python",[294,115932,115933],{},"How shallow copy works",[294,115935,115936],{},"How deep copy works",[294,115938,115939],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[294,115941,115942],{},"When to use each approach",[32,115944,115946],{"id":115945},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,115948,15066,115949,115951,115952,115954],{},[575,115950,12730],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[575,115953,577],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,115956,1982],{},[291,115958,115959,115962,115965],{},[294,115960,115961],{},"the outer container is new",[294,115963,115964],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[294,115966,115967],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,115969,2083],{},[37,115971,115973],{"className":39,"code":115972,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[44,115974,115975,116001,116015,116019,116037,116041,116054],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,115976,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993,115995,115997,115999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115978,11965],{"class":53},[47,115980,58],{"class":57},[47,115982,56179],{"class":61},[47,115984,66],{"class":65},[47,115986,69],{"class":61},[47,115988,72],{"class":65},[47,115990,17938],{"class":61},[47,115992,957],{"class":61},[47,115994,1937],{"class":65},[47,115996,69],{"class":61},[47,115998,2333],{"class":65},[47,116000,53127],{"class":61},[47,116002,116003,116005,116007,116009,116011,116013],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116004,14190],{"class":53},[47,116006,58],{"class":57},[47,116008,12040],{"class":53},[47,116010,30],{"class":61},[47,116012,12791],{"class":173},[47,116014,241],{"class":61},[47,116016,116017],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116018,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116020,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031,116033,116035],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116022,14209],{"class":53},[47,116024,30],{"class":61},[47,116026,13431],{"class":173},[47,116028,122],{"class":61},[47,116030,104],{"class":65},[47,116032,69],{"class":61},[47,116034,37525],{"class":65},[47,116036,153],{"class":61},[47,116038,116039],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,116040,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116042,116043,116045,116047,116049,116051],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,116044,167],{"class":166},[47,116046,170],{"class":61},[47,116048,12012],{"class":173},[47,116050,3533],{"class":61},[47,116052,116053],{"class":1494},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[47,116055,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,116057,167],{"class":166},[47,116059,170],{"class":61},[47,116061,14209],{"class":173},[47,116063,3533],{"class":61},[47,116065,116066],{"class":1494},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116068,116069,116070,116072],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[44,116071,14209],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116074,116075],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[37,116077,116079],{"className":39,"code":116078,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,116080,116081,116107,116121,116125,116143,116147,116159],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,116082,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116084,11965],{"class":53},[47,116086,58],{"class":57},[47,116088,56179],{"class":61},[47,116090,66],{"class":65},[47,116092,69],{"class":61},[47,116094,72],{"class":65},[47,116096,17938],{"class":61},[47,116098,957],{"class":61},[47,116100,1937],{"class":65},[47,116102,69],{"class":61},[47,116104,2333],{"class":65},[47,116106,53127],{"class":61},[47,116108,116109,116111,116113,116115,116117,116119],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116110,14190],{"class":53},[47,116112,58],{"class":57},[47,116114,12040],{"class":53},[47,116116,30],{"class":61},[47,116118,12791],{"class":173},[47,116120,241],{"class":61},[47,116122,116123],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116124,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116126,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139,116141],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116128,14209],{"class":53},[47,116130,3773],{"class":61},[47,116132,1237],{"class":65},[47,116134,13428],{"class":61},[47,116136,13431],{"class":173},[47,116138,170],{"class":61},[47,116140,56232],{"class":65},[47,116142,80],{"class":61},[47,116144,116145],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,116146,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116148,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,116150,167],{"class":166},[47,116152,170],{"class":61},[47,116154,12012],{"class":173},[47,116156,3533],{"class":61},[47,116158,115881],{"class":1494},[47,116160,116161,116163,116165,116167,116169],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,116162,167],{"class":166},[47,116164,170],{"class":61},[47,116166,14209],{"class":173},[47,116168,3533],{"class":61},[47,116170,116171],{"class":1494},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116173,116174,116175,4267,116177,116180],{},"Both changed because ",[44,116176,56336],{},[44,116178,116179],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116182,116183,116184,30],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[21,116185,43818],{"href":11944},[32,116187,116189],{"id":116188},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116191,15066,116192,116194],{},[575,116193,115754],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116196,1982],{},[291,116198,116199,116201,116204],{},[294,116200,115961],{},[294,116202,116203],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[294,116205,116206],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116208,2083],{},[37,116210,116212],{"className":39,"code":116211,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,116213,116214,116220,116224,116250,116268,116272,116290,116294,116306],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,116215,116216,116218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116217,34972],{"class":3749},[47,116219,115772],{"class":53},[47,116221,116222],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116223,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116225,116226,116228,116230,116232,116234,116236,116238,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116227,11965],{"class":53},[47,116229,58],{"class":57},[47,116231,56179],{"class":61},[47,116233,66],{"class":65},[47,116235,69],{"class":61},[47,116237,72],{"class":65},[47,116239,17938],{"class":61},[47,116241,957],{"class":61},[47,116243,1937],{"class":65},[47,116245,69],{"class":61},[47,116247,2333],{"class":65},[47,116249,53127],{"class":61},[47,116251,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260,116262,116264,116266],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116253,14190],{"class":53},[47,116255,58],{"class":57},[47,116257,115812],{"class":53},[47,116259,30],{"class":61},[47,116261,115836],{"class":173},[47,116263,170],{"class":61},[47,116265,12012],{"class":173},[47,116267,80],{"class":61},[47,116269,116270],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,116271,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116273,116274,116276,116278,116280,116282,116284,116286,116288],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,116275,14209],{"class":53},[47,116277,3773],{"class":61},[47,116279,1237],{"class":65},[47,116281,13428],{"class":61},[47,116283,13431],{"class":173},[47,116285,170],{"class":61},[47,116287,56232],{"class":65},[47,116289,80],{"class":61},[47,116291,116292],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,116293,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116295,116296,116298,116300,116302,116304],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,116297,167],{"class":166},[47,116299,170],{"class":61},[47,116301,12012],{"class":173},[47,116303,3533],{"class":61},[47,116305,116053],{"class":1494},[47,116307,116308,116310,116312,116314,116316],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,116309,167],{"class":166},[47,116311,170],{"class":61},[47,116313,14209],{"class":173},[47,116315,3533],{"class":61},[47,116317,116171],{"class":1494},[14,116319,116320,116321,116323,116324,30],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[44,116322,116179],{}," does not change ",[44,116325,56336],{},[32,116327,116329],{"id":116328},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116331,116332],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116334,116335],{},"Common reasons:",[291,116337,116338,116341,116344,116350],{},[294,116339,116340],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[294,116342,116343],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[294,116345,116346,116347,116349],{},"Assignment with ",[44,116348,58],{}," does not make a copy",[294,116351,116352],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116354,116355,116356,116358],{},"For example, this does ",[575,116357,577],{}," create a copy:",[37,116360,116362],{"className":39,"code":116361,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,116363,116364,116384,116392,116396,116410,116414,116426],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,116365,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116367,11965],{"class":53},[47,116369,58],{"class":57},[47,116371,957],{"class":61},[47,116373,66],{"class":65},[47,116375,69],{"class":61},[47,116377,72],{"class":65},[47,116379,69],{"class":61},[47,116381,77],{"class":65},[47,116383,1402],{"class":61},[47,116385,116386,116388,116390],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116387,14190],{"class":53},[47,116389,58],{"class":57},[47,116391,12003],{"class":53},[47,116393,116394],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116395,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116397,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116399,14209],{"class":53},[47,116401,30],{"class":61},[47,116403,13431],{"class":173},[47,116405,170],{"class":61},[47,116407,1210],{"class":65},[47,116409,80],{"class":61},[47,116411,116412],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,116413,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116415,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,116417,167],{"class":166},[47,116419,170],{"class":61},[47,116421,12012],{"class":173},[47,116423,3533],{"class":61},[47,116425,55586],{"class":1494},[47,116427,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,116429,167],{"class":166},[47,116431,170],{"class":61},[47,116433,14209],{"class":173},[47,116435,3533],{"class":61},[47,116437,116438],{"class":1494},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116440,116441],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[32,116443,116445],{"id":116444},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116447,116448],{},"These three ideas are different.",[773,116450,116452],{"id":116451},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116454,116455],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[37,116457,116459],{"className":39,"code":116458,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[44,116460,116461,116487,116495,116499],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,116462,116463,116465,116467,116469,116471,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481,116483,116485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116464,11965],{"class":53},[47,116466,58],{"class":57},[47,116468,56179],{"class":61},[47,116470,66],{"class":65},[47,116472,69],{"class":61},[47,116474,72],{"class":65},[47,116476,17938],{"class":61},[47,116478,957],{"class":61},[47,116480,1937],{"class":65},[47,116482,69],{"class":61},[47,116484,2333],{"class":65},[47,116486,53127],{"class":61},[47,116488,116489,116491,116493],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116490,13981],{"class":53},[47,116492,58],{"class":57},[47,116494,12003],{"class":53},[47,116496,116497],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116498,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116500,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509,116511,116513],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116502,167],{"class":166},[47,116504,170],{"class":61},[47,116506,11965],{"class":173},[47,116508,12073],{"class":3749},[47,116510,14049],{"class":173},[47,116512,3533],{"class":61},[47,116514,3536],{"class":1494},[14,116516,116517],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[773,116519,116521],{"id":116520},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116523,116524],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[37,116526,116528],{"className":39,"code":116527,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[44,116529,116530,116556,116570,116574,116591],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,116531,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116533,11965],{"class":53},[47,116535,58],{"class":57},[47,116537,56179],{"class":61},[47,116539,66],{"class":65},[47,116541,69],{"class":61},[47,116543,72],{"class":65},[47,116545,17938],{"class":61},[47,116547,957],{"class":61},[47,116549,1937],{"class":65},[47,116551,69],{"class":61},[47,116553,2333],{"class":65},[47,116555,53127],{"class":61},[47,116557,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116559,115807],{"class":53},[47,116561,58],{"class":57},[47,116563,12040],{"class":53},[47,116565,30],{"class":61},[47,116567,12791],{"class":173},[47,116569,241],{"class":61},[47,116571,116572],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116573,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116575,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584,116587,116589],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116577,167],{"class":166},[47,116579,170],{"class":61},[47,116581,11965],{"class":173},[47,116583,12073],{"class":3749},[47,116585,116586],{"class":173}," shallow",[47,116588,3533],{"class":61},[47,116590,21076],{"class":1494},[47,116592,116593,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603,116605,116607,116609,116611,116613,116615],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,116594,167],{"class":166},[47,116596,170],{"class":61},[47,116598,12012],{"class":173},[47,116600,3773],{"class":61},[47,116602,1237],{"class":65},[47,116604,13151],{"class":61},[47,116606,7972],{"class":3749},[47,116608,116586],{"class":173},[47,116610,3773],{"class":61},[47,116612,1237],{"class":65},[47,116614,20323],{"class":61},[47,116616,3536],{"class":1494},[773,116618,116620],{"id":116619},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116622,116623],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[37,116625,116627],{"className":39,"code":116626,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[44,116628,116629,116635,116639,116665,116683,116687,116705],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,116630,116631,116633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116632,34972],{"class":3749},[47,116634,115772],{"class":53},[47,116636,116637],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116638,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116640,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116642,11965],{"class":53},[47,116644,58],{"class":57},[47,116646,56179],{"class":61},[47,116648,66],{"class":65},[47,116650,69],{"class":61},[47,116652,72],{"class":65},[47,116654,17938],{"class":61},[47,116656,957],{"class":61},[47,116658,1937],{"class":65},[47,116660,69],{"class":61},[47,116662,2333],{"class":65},[47,116664,53127],{"class":61},[47,116666,116667,116669,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116668,115827],{"class":53},[47,116670,58],{"class":57},[47,116672,115812],{"class":53},[47,116674,30],{"class":61},[47,116676,115836],{"class":173},[47,116678,170],{"class":61},[47,116680,12012],{"class":173},[47,116682,80],{"class":61},[47,116684,116685],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,116686,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116688,116689,116691,116693,116695,116697,116700,116702],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,116690,167],{"class":166},[47,116692,170],{"class":61},[47,116694,11965],{"class":173},[47,116696,12073],{"class":3749},[47,116698,116699],{"class":173}," deep",[47,116701,3533],{"class":61},[47,116703,116704],{"class":1494},"         # False\n",[47,116706,116707,116709,116711,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723,116725,116727,116729],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,116708,167],{"class":166},[47,116710,170],{"class":61},[47,116712,12012],{"class":173},[47,116714,3773],{"class":61},[47,116716,1237],{"class":65},[47,116718,13151],{"class":61},[47,116720,7972],{"class":3749},[47,116722,116699],{"class":173},[47,116724,3773],{"class":61},[47,116726,1237],{"class":65},[47,116728,20323],{"class":61},[47,116730,43754],{"class":1494},[32,116732,116734],{"id":116733},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116736,116737,116738,2760],{},"These all make ",[575,116739,116740],{},"shallow copies",[291,116742,116743,116747,116751,116756,116762],{},[294,116744,116745],{},[44,116746,55486],{},[294,116748,116749],{},[44,116750,12314],{},[294,116752,116753],{},[44,116754,116755],{},"set.copy()",[294,116757,116758,116759],{},"list slicing like ",[44,116760,116761],{},"my_list[:]",[294,116763,116764,116766,116767,34962],{},[44,116765,115914],{}," from the ",[44,116768,12791],{},[14,116770,2000],{},[37,116772,116774],{"className":39,"code":116773,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,116775,116776,116796,116800,116814,116825,116829,116841],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,116777,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792,116794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116779,54],{"class":53},[47,116781,58],{"class":57},[47,116783,957],{"class":61},[47,116785,66],{"class":65},[47,116787,69],{"class":61},[47,116789,72],{"class":65},[47,116791,69],{"class":61},[47,116793,77],{"class":65},[47,116795,1402],{"class":61},[47,116797,116798],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116799,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116801,116802,116804,116806,116808,116810,116812],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116803,2430],{"class":53},[47,116805,58],{"class":57},[47,116807,4136],{"class":53},[47,116809,30],{"class":61},[47,116811,12791],{"class":173},[47,116813,241],{"class":61},[47,116815,116816,116818,116820,116822],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116817,2458],{"class":53},[47,116819,58],{"class":57},[47,116821,4136],{"class":53},[47,116823,116824],{"class":61},"[:]\n",[47,116826,116827],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,116828,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116830,116831,116833,116835,116837,116839],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,116832,167],{"class":166},[47,116834,170],{"class":61},[47,116836,21],{"class":173},[47,116838,3533],{"class":61},[47,116840,54817],{"class":1494},[47,116842,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,116844,167],{"class":166},[47,116846,170],{"class":61},[47,116848,139],{"class":173},[47,116850,3533],{"class":61},[47,116852,54817],{"class":1494},[14,116854,73019,116855,47417,116859,30],{},[21,116856,116857,10617],{"href":54845},[44,116858,55486],{},[21,116860,116861,10617],{"href":12311},[44,116862,12314],{},[32,116864,116866],{"id":116865},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116868,116869],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[291,116871,116872,116875,116878],{},[294,116873,116874],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[294,116876,116877],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[294,116879,116880],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116882,116883],{},"Example with a flat list:",[37,116885,116887],{"className":39,"code":116886,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[44,116888,116889,116909,116923,116927,116941,116945,116957],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,116890,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899,116901,116903,116905,116907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116892,11965],{"class":53},[47,116894,58],{"class":57},[47,116896,957],{"class":61},[47,116898,66],{"class":65},[47,116900,69],{"class":61},[47,116902,72],{"class":65},[47,116904,69],{"class":61},[47,116906,77],{"class":65},[47,116908,1402],{"class":61},[47,116910,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919,116921],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116912,14190],{"class":53},[47,116914,58],{"class":57},[47,116916,12040],{"class":53},[47,116918,30],{"class":61},[47,116920,12791],{"class":173},[47,116922,241],{"class":61},[47,116924,116925],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116926,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116928,116929,116931,116933,116935,116937,116939],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116930,14209],{"class":53},[47,116932,30],{"class":61},[47,116934,13431],{"class":173},[47,116936,170],{"class":61},[47,116938,1210],{"class":65},[47,116940,80],{"class":61},[47,116942,116943],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,116944,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,116946,116947,116949,116951,116953,116955],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,116948,167],{"class":166},[47,116950,170],{"class":61},[47,116952,12012],{"class":173},[47,116954,3533],{"class":61},[47,116956,54817],{"class":1494},[47,116958,116959,116961,116963,116965,116967],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,116960,167],{"class":166},[47,116962,170],{"class":61},[47,116964,14209],{"class":173},[47,116966,3533],{"class":61},[47,116968,116438],{"class":1494},[14,116970,116971],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,116973,116974,116975,30],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[21,116976,14767],{"href":57102},[32,116978,116980],{"id":116979},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,116982,116983],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[291,116985,116986,116989,116992],{},[294,116987,116988],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[294,116990,116991],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[294,116993,116994],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,116996,116997],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[37,116999,117001],{"className":39,"code":117000,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[44,117002,117003,117009,117013,117039,117053,117071,117075,117097,117101,117114,117127],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,117004,117005,117007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117006,34972],{"class":3749},[47,117008,115772],{"class":53},[47,117010,117011],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117012,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,117014,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035,117037],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,117016,11965],{"class":53},[47,117018,58],{"class":57},[47,117020,10366],{"class":61},[47,117022,126],{"class":125},[47,117024,16267],{"class":129},[47,117026,126],{"class":125},[47,117028,2760],{"class":61},[47,117030,957],{"class":61},[47,117032,960],{"class":65},[47,117034,69],{"class":61},[47,117036,965],{"class":65},[47,117038,13584],{"class":61},[47,117040,117041,117043,117045,117047,117049,117051],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,117042,115807],{"class":53},[47,117044,58],{"class":57},[47,117046,12040],{"class":53},[47,117048,30],{"class":61},[47,117050,12791],{"class":173},[47,117052,241],{"class":61},[47,117054,117055,117057,117059,117061,117063,117065,117067,117069],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,117056,115827],{"class":53},[47,117058,58],{"class":57},[47,117060,115812],{"class":53},[47,117062,30],{"class":61},[47,117064,115836],{"class":173},[47,117066,170],{"class":61},[47,117068,12012],{"class":173},[47,117070,80],{"class":61},[47,117072,117073],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,117074,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,117076,117077,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089,117091,117093,117095],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,117078,12012],{"class":53},[47,117080,3773],{"class":61},[47,117082,126],{"class":125},[47,117084,16267],{"class":129},[47,117086,126],{"class":125},[47,117088,13428],{"class":61},[47,117090,13431],{"class":173},[47,117092,170],{"class":61},[47,117094,36723],{"class":65},[47,117096,80],{"class":61},[47,117098,117099],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,117100,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,117102,117103,117105,117107,117109,117111],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,117104,167],{"class":166},[47,117106,170],{"class":61},[47,117108,12012],{"class":173},[47,117110,3533],{"class":61},[47,117112,117113],{"class":1494},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,117115,117116,117118,117120,117122,117124],{"class":49,"line":6309},[47,117117,167],{"class":166},[47,117119,170],{"class":61},[47,117121,115890],{"class":173},[47,117123,3533],{"class":61},[47,117125,117126],{"class":1494},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,117128,117129,117131,117133,117135,117137],{"class":49,"line":11473},[47,117130,167],{"class":166},[47,117132,170],{"class":61},[47,117134,115904],{"class":173},[47,117136,3533],{"class":61},[47,117138,117139],{"class":1494},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117141,117142],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[32,117144,117146],{"id":117145},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117148,117149],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[291,117151,117152,117155,117158,117161],{},[294,117153,117154],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[294,117156,117157],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[294,117159,117160],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[294,117162,117163],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117165,117166],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[37,117168,117170],{"className":39,"code":117169,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[44,117171,117172,117180,117188,117192,117200,117204,117216],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,117173,117174,117176,117178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117175,2430],{"class":53},[47,117177,58],{"class":57},[47,117179,2463],{"class":65},[47,117181,117182,117184,117186],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117183,2458],{"class":53},[47,117185,58],{"class":57},[47,117187,36056],{"class":53},[47,117189,117190],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,117191,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,117193,117194,117196,117198],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,117195,2458],{"class":53},[47,117197,58],{"class":57},[47,117199,14493],{"class":65},[47,117201,117202],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,117203,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,117205,117206,117208,117210,117212,117214],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,117207,167],{"class":166},[47,117209,170],{"class":61},[47,117211,21],{"class":173},[47,117213,3533],{"class":61},[47,117215,26672],{"class":1494},[47,117217,117218,117220,117222,117224,117226],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,117219,167],{"class":166},[47,117221,170],{"class":61},[47,117223,139],{"class":173},[47,117225,3533],{"class":61},[47,117227,27493],{"class":1494},[14,117229,93390,117230,117233],{},[21,117231,117232],{"href":11944},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[32,117235,1284],{"id":1283},[14,117237,117238],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[291,117240,117241,117245,117250,117255,117258],{},[294,117242,8294,117243,56667],{},[44,117244,58],{},[294,117246,8294,117247,117249],{},[44,117248,55486],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[294,117251,8294,117252,117254],{},[44,117253,12314],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[294,117256,117257],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[294,117259,117260],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117262,117263],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[37,117265,117267],{"className":39,"code":117266,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[44,117268,117269,117283,117297,117319,117350],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,117270,117271,117273,117275,117277,117279,117281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117272,167],{"class":166},[47,117274,170],{"class":61},[47,117276,11965],{"class":173},[47,117278,12073],{"class":3749},[47,117280,14263],{"class":173},[47,117282,80],{"class":61},[47,117284,117285,117287,117289,117291,117293,117295],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117286,167],{"class":166},[47,117288,170],{"class":61},[47,117290,11965],{"class":173},[47,117292,4563],{"class":57},[47,117294,14263],{"class":173},[47,117296,80],{"class":61},[47,117298,117299,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,117300,167],{"class":166},[47,117302,170],{"class":61},[47,117304,12529],{"class":166},[47,117306,170],{"class":61},[47,117308,12012],{"class":173},[47,117310,954],{"class":61},[47,117312,14695],{"class":166},[47,117314,170],{"class":61},[47,117316,14209],{"class":173},[47,117318,506],{"class":61},[47,117320,117321,117323,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333,117335,117338,117340,117342,117344,117346,117348],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,117322,167],{"class":166},[47,117324,170],{"class":61},[47,117326,12529],{"class":166},[47,117328,170],{"class":61},[47,117330,12012],{"class":173},[47,117332,3773],{"class":61},[47,117334,1237],{"class":65},[47,117336,117337],{"class":61},"]),",[47,117339,14695],{"class":166},[47,117341,170],{"class":61},[47,117343,14209],{"class":173},[47,117345,3773],{"class":61},[47,117347,1237],{"class":65},[47,117349,2873],{"class":61},[47,117351,117352,117354,117356,117358,117360,117362],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,117353,167],{"class":166},[47,117355,170],{"class":61},[47,117357,499],{"class":118},[47,117359,170],{"class":61},[47,117361,12012],{"class":173},[47,117363,506],{"class":61},[14,117365,117366],{},"What they tell you:",[291,117368,117369,117374,117379,117384,117394],{},[294,117370,117371,117373],{},[44,117372,12073],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[294,117375,117376,117378],{},[44,117377,4563],{}," checks whether values are equal",[294,117380,117381,117383],{},[44,117382,43370],{}," shows the identity of an object",[294,117385,117386,117387,4267,117390,117393],{},"comparing ",[44,117388,117389],{},"id(original[0])",[44,117391,117392],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[294,117395,117396,117398],{},[44,117397,2179],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[32,117400,1708],{"id":1707},[773,117402,117404],{"id":117403},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117406,117407],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[773,117409,57152],{"id":57067},[14,117411,117412],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[773,117414,117416],{"id":117415},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117418,117419],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[773,117421,117423],{"id":117422},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117425,117426],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[773,117428,117430],{"id":117429},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117432,117433],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[32,117435,1758],{"id":1757},[291,117437,117438,117443,117449,117455,117459],{},[294,117439,117440],{},[21,117441,117442],{"href":11944},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[294,117444,117445],{},[21,117446,3448,117447,10617],{"href":54845},[44,117448,55486],{},[294,117450,117451],{},[21,117452,3448,117453,10617],{"href":12311},[44,117454,12314],{},[294,117456,117457],{},[21,117458,14844],{"href":57102},[294,117460,117461],{},[21,117462,117463],{"href":58377},"What is a list in Python?",[1796,117465,117466],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":117468},[117469,117470,117471,117472,117473,117474,117479,117480,117481,117482,117483,117484,117491],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":115924,"depth":83,"text":115925},{"id":115945,"depth":83,"text":115946},{"id":116188,"depth":83,"text":116189},{"id":116328,"depth":83,"text":116329},{"id":116444,"depth":83,"text":116445,"children":117475},[117476,117477,117478],{"id":116451,"depth":94,"text":116452},{"id":116520,"depth":94,"text":116521},{"id":116619,"depth":94,"text":116620},{"id":116733,"depth":83,"text":116734},{"id":116865,"depth":83,"text":116866},{"id":116979,"depth":83,"text":116980},{"id":117145,"depth":83,"text":117146},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":117485},[117486,117487,117488,117489,117490],{"id":117403,"depth":94,"text":117404},{"id":57067,"depth":94,"text":57152},{"id":117415,"depth":94,"text":117416},{"id":117422,"depth":94,"text":117423},{"id":117429,"depth":94,"text":117430},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115725,"description":117492},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117498,"title":117499,"body":117500,"description":119357,"extension":1837,"meta":119358,"navigation":159,"path":119359,"seo":119360,"stem":119361,"__hash__":119362},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117501,"toc":119315},[117502,117507,117512,117520,117522,117590,117595,117600,117615,117618,117620,117651,117653,117673,117676,117691,117693,117696,117769,117771,117816,117818,117829,117834,117838,117843,117846,117885,117887,117907,117910,117967,117969,118004,118007,118046,118048,118068,118071,118102,118104,118160,118162,118167,118238,118240,118273,118278,118283,118348,118350,118387,118390,118467,118469,118529,118536,118541,118544,118547,118628,118630,118671,118676,118679,118757,118759,118792,118801,118808,118811,118822,118825,118836,118840,118848,118857,118861,118866,118870,118875,118918,118921,118927,118930,118932,118979,118984,118988,118991,119040,119042,119063,119066,119068,119093,119096,119217,119222,119224,119229,119232,119237,119240,119248,119253,119260,119263,119271,119274,119276,119312],[10,117503,3448,117505,3452],{"id":117504},"python-sorted-function-explained",[44,117506,74303],{},[14,117508,117509,117511],{},[44,117510,74303],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117513,117514,117515,2064,117517,117519],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[44,117516,77746],{},[44,117518,74303],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[32,117521,3482],{"id":3481},[37,117523,117525],{"className":39,"code":117524,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[44,117526,117527,117547,117561,117565,117577],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,117528,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543,117545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117530,54],{"class":53},[47,117532,58],{"class":57},[47,117534,957],{"class":61},[47,117536,1937],{"class":65},[47,117538,69],{"class":61},[47,117540,1242],{"class":65},[47,117542,69],{"class":61},[47,117544,72],{"class":65},[47,117546,1402],{"class":61},[47,117548,117549,117551,117553,117555,117557,117559],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117550,2106],{"class":53},[47,117552,58],{"class":57},[47,117554,74437],{"class":166},[47,117556,170],{"class":61},[47,117558,174],{"class":173},[47,117560,80],{"class":61},[47,117562,117563],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,117564,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,117566,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,117568,167],{"class":166},[47,117570,170],{"class":61},[47,117572,2141],{"class":173},[47,117574,3533],{"class":61},[47,117576,55573],{"class":1494},[47,117578,117579,117581,117583,117585,117587],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,117580,167],{"class":166},[47,117582,170],{"class":61},[47,117584,174],{"class":173},[47,117586,3533],{"class":61},[47,117588,117589],{"class":1494},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117591,117592,117594],{},[44,117593,74303],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[32,117596,3550,117598,3553],{"id":117597},"what-sorted-does",[44,117599,74303],{},[291,117601,117602,117606,117609,117612],{},[294,117603,117604,62807],{},[44,117605,74303],{},[294,117607,117608],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[294,117610,117611],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[294,117613,117614],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117616,117617],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[32,117619,2032],{"id":2031},[37,117621,117623],{"className":39,"code":117622,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[44,117624,117625],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,117626,117627,117629,117631,117633,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643,117645,117647,117649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117628,74393],{"class":166},[47,117630,170],{"class":61},[47,117632,3594],{"class":173},[47,117634,69],{"class":61},[47,117636,21455],{"class":9053},[47,117638,58],{"class":57},[47,117640,3652],{"class":412},[47,117642,69],{"class":61},[47,117644,77949],{"class":9053},[47,117646,58],{"class":57},[47,117648,3546],{"class":412},[47,117650,80],{"class":61},[773,117652,17272],{"id":17271},[291,117654,117655,117660,117665],{},[294,117656,117657,117659],{},[44,117658,3594],{},": the values to sort",[294,117661,117662,117664],{},[44,117663,14720],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[294,117666,117667,117669,117670,117672],{},[44,117668,73456],{},": set to ",[44,117671,3477],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117674,117675],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[37,117677,117679],{"className":39,"code":117678,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"sorted(my_values)\n",[44,117680,117681],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,117682,117683,117685,117687,117689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117684,74393],{"class":166},[47,117686,170],{"class":61},[47,117688,60188],{"class":173},[47,117690,80],{"class":61},[32,117692,11353],{"id":11352},[14,117694,117695],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[37,117697,117699],{"className":39,"code":117698,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,117700,117701,117725,117729,117744,117748,117759],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,117702,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721,117723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117704,54],{"class":53},[47,117706,58],{"class":57},[47,117708,957],{"class":61},[47,117710,104],{"class":65},[47,117712,69],{"class":61},[47,117714,72],{"class":65},[47,117716,69],{"class":61},[47,117718,6234],{"class":65},[47,117720,69],{"class":61},[47,117722,1242],{"class":65},[47,117724,1402],{"class":61},[47,117726,117727],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117728,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,117730,117731,117734,117736,117738,117740,117742],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,117732,117733],{"class":53},"sorted_numbers ",[47,117735,58],{"class":57},[47,117737,74437],{"class":166},[47,117739,170],{"class":61},[47,117741,174],{"class":173},[47,117743,80],{"class":61},[47,117745,117746],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,117747,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,117749,117750,117752,117754,117757],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,117751,167],{"class":166},[47,117753,170],{"class":61},[47,117755,117756],{"class":173},"sorted_numbers",[47,117758,80],{"class":61},[47,117760,117761,117763,117765,117767],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,117762,167],{"class":166},[47,117764,170],{"class":61},[47,117766,174],{"class":173},[47,117768,80],{"class":61},[14,117770,215],{},[37,117772,117774],{"className":39,"code":117773,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[44,117775,117776,117796],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,117777,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117779,3773],{"class":61},[47,117781,66],{"class":65},[47,117783,69],{"class":61},[47,117785,72],{"class":65},[47,117787,69],{"class":61},[47,117789,4480],{"class":65},[47,117791,69],{"class":61},[47,117793,6234],{"class":65},[47,117795,1402],{"class":61},[47,117797,117798,117800,117802,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117799,3773],{"class":61},[47,117801,104],{"class":65},[47,117803,69],{"class":61},[47,117805,72],{"class":65},[47,117807,69],{"class":61},[47,117809,6234],{"class":65},[47,117811,69],{"class":61},[47,117813,1242],{"class":65},[47,117815,1402],{"class":61},[14,117817,13641],{},[291,117819,117820,117825],{},[294,117821,117822,117824],{},[44,117823,117756],{}," is a new sorted list",[294,117826,117827,112361],{},[44,117828,174],{},[14,117830,117831,117832,30],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[21,117833,78256],{"href":78255},[32,117835,117837],{"id":117836},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117839,117840,117842],{},[44,117841,74303],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[773,117844,117845],{"id":7969},"List",[37,117847,117849],{"className":39,"code":117848,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[44,117850,117851,117871],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,117852,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117854,54],{"class":53},[47,117856,58],{"class":57},[47,117858,957],{"class":61},[47,117860,1937],{"class":65},[47,117862,69],{"class":61},[47,117864,1242],{"class":65},[47,117866,69],{"class":61},[47,117868,72],{"class":65},[47,117870,1402],{"class":61},[47,117872,117873,117875,117877,117879,117881,117883],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117874,167],{"class":166},[47,117876,170],{"class":61},[47,117878,74393],{"class":166},[47,117880,170],{"class":61},[47,117882,174],{"class":173},[47,117884,506],{"class":61},[14,117886,215],{},[37,117888,117889],{"className":39,"code":55035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,117890,117891],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,117892,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117894,3773],{"class":61},[47,117896,66],{"class":65},[47,117898,69],{"class":61},[47,117900,72],{"class":65},[47,117902,69],{"class":61},[47,117904,77],{"class":65},[47,117906,1402],{"class":61},[773,117908,117909],{"id":531},"Tuple",[37,117911,117913],{"className":39,"code":117912,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[44,117914,117915,117935,117949],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,117916,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117918,1196],{"class":53},[47,117920,58],{"class":57},[47,117922,62],{"class":61},[47,117924,1937],{"class":65},[47,117926,69],{"class":61},[47,117928,1242],{"class":65},[47,117930,69],{"class":61},[47,117932,72],{"class":65},[47,117934,80],{"class":61},[47,117936,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117938,167],{"class":166},[47,117940,170],{"class":61},[47,117942,74393],{"class":166},[47,117944,170],{"class":61},[47,117946,1221],{"class":173},[47,117948,506],{"class":61},[47,117950,117951,117953,117955,117957,117959,117961,117963,117965],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,117952,167],{"class":166},[47,117954,170],{"class":61},[47,117956,499],{"class":118},[47,117958,170],{"class":61},[47,117960,74393],{"class":166},[47,117962,170],{"class":61},[47,117964,1221],{"class":173},[47,117966,2788],{"class":61},[14,117968,215],{},[37,117970,117972],{"className":39,"code":117971,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[44,117973,117974,117990],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,117975,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117977,3773],{"class":61},[47,117979,66],{"class":65},[47,117981,69],{"class":61},[47,117983,72],{"class":65},[47,117985,69],{"class":61},[47,117987,77],{"class":65},[47,117989,1402],{"class":61},[47,117991,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117993,522],{"class":57},[47,117995,526],{"class":525},[47,117997,265],{"class":125},[47,117999,7969],{"class":129},[47,118001,256],{"class":125},[47,118003,536],{"class":57},[773,118005,118006],{"id":6161},"Set",[37,118008,118010],{"className":39,"code":118009,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[44,118011,118012,118032],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118013,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118015,1196],{"class":53},[47,118017,58],{"class":57},[47,118019,10366],{"class":61},[47,118021,1937],{"class":65},[47,118023,69],{"class":61},[47,118025,1242],{"class":65},[47,118027,69],{"class":61},[47,118029,72],{"class":65},[47,118031,9184],{"class":61},[47,118033,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118035,167],{"class":166},[47,118037,170],{"class":61},[47,118039,74393],{"class":166},[47,118041,170],{"class":61},[47,118043,1221],{"class":173},[47,118045,506],{"class":61},[14,118047,215],{},[37,118049,118050],{"className":39,"code":55035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,118051,118052],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118053,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118055,3773],{"class":61},[47,118057,66],{"class":65},[47,118059,69],{"class":61},[47,118061,72],{"class":65},[47,118063,69],{"class":61},[47,118065,77],{"class":65},[47,118067,1402],{"class":61},[773,118069,118070],{"id":61055},"String",[37,118072,118074],{"className":39,"code":118073,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[44,118075,118076,118088],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118077,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118079,34568],{"class":53},[47,118081,58],{"class":57},[47,118083,136],{"class":125},[47,118085,41],{"class":129},[47,118087,3230],{"class":125},[47,118089,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118091,167],{"class":166},[47,118093,170],{"class":61},[47,118095,74393],{"class":166},[47,118097,170],{"class":61},[47,118099,34589],{"class":173},[47,118101,506],{"class":61},[14,118103,215],{},[37,118105,118106],{"className":39,"code":79273,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,118107,118108],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118109,118110,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124,118126,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118111,3773],{"class":61},[47,118113,256],{"class":125},[47,118115,60319],{"class":129},[47,118117,256],{"class":125},[47,118119,69],{"class":61},[47,118121,265],{"class":125},[47,118123,75909],{"class":129},[47,118125,256],{"class":125},[47,118127,69],{"class":61},[47,118129,265],{"class":125},[47,118131,60354],{"class":129},[47,118133,256],{"class":125},[47,118135,69],{"class":61},[47,118137,265],{"class":125},[47,118139,14],{"class":129},[47,118141,256],{"class":125},[47,118143,69],{"class":61},[47,118145,265],{"class":125},[47,118147,63166],{"class":129},[47,118149,256],{"class":125},[47,118151,69],{"class":61},[47,118153,265],{"class":125},[47,118155,11624],{"class":129},[47,118157,256],{"class":125},[47,118159,1402],{"class":61},[773,118161,29100],{"id":15482},[14,118163,63419,118164,118166],{},[44,118165,74303],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[37,118168,118170],{"className":39,"code":118169,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[44,118171,118172,118224],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118173,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118175,13082],{"class":53},[47,118177,58],{"class":57},[47,118179,10366],{"class":61},[47,118181,126],{"class":125},[47,118183,7542],{"class":129},[47,118185,126],{"class":125},[47,118187,2760],{"class":61},[47,118189,136],{"class":125},[47,118191,12760],{"class":129},[47,118193,126],{"class":125},[47,118195,69],{"class":61},[47,118197,136],{"class":125},[47,118199,9174],{"class":129},[47,118201,126],{"class":125},[47,118203,2760],{"class":61},[47,118205,965],{"class":65},[47,118207,69],{"class":61},[47,118209,136],{"class":125},[47,118211,10284],{"class":129},[47,118213,126],{"class":125},[47,118215,2760],{"class":61},[47,118217,136],{"class":125},[47,118219,15909],{"class":129},[47,118221,126],{"class":125},[47,118223,9184],{"class":61},[47,118225,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118227,167],{"class":166},[47,118229,170],{"class":61},[47,118231,74393],{"class":166},[47,118233,170],{"class":61},[47,118235,17184],{"class":173},[47,118237,506],{"class":61},[14,118239,215],{},[37,118241,118243],{"className":39,"code":118242,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[44,118244,118245],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118246,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118248,3773],{"class":61},[47,118250,256],{"class":125},[47,118252,9174],{"class":129},[47,118254,256],{"class":125},[47,118256,69],{"class":61},[47,118258,265],{"class":125},[47,118260,10284],{"class":129},[47,118262,256],{"class":125},[47,118264,69],{"class":61},[47,118266,265],{"class":125},[47,118268,7542],{"class":129},[47,118270,256],{"class":125},[47,118272,1402],{"class":61},[32,118274,8294,118276],{"id":118275},"using-reversetrue",[44,118277,77970],{},[14,118279,1967,118280,118282],{},[44,118281,77970],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[37,118284,118286],{"className":39,"code":118285,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[44,118287,118288,118308,118312,118326],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118289,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118291,54],{"class":53},[47,118293,58],{"class":57},[47,118295,957],{"class":61},[47,118297,1937],{"class":65},[47,118299,69],{"class":61},[47,118301,1242],{"class":65},[47,118303,69],{"class":61},[47,118305,72],{"class":65},[47,118307,1402],{"class":61},[47,118309,118310],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118311,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,118313,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,118315,167],{"class":166},[47,118317,170],{"class":61},[47,118319,74393],{"class":166},[47,118321,170],{"class":61},[47,118323,174],{"class":173},[47,118325,506],{"class":61},[47,118327,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,118329,167],{"class":166},[47,118331,170],{"class":61},[47,118333,74393],{"class":166},[47,118335,170],{"class":61},[47,118337,174],{"class":173},[47,118339,69],{"class":61},[47,118341,77949],{"class":9053},[47,118343,58],{"class":57},[47,118345,3477],{"class":412},[47,118347,506],{"class":61},[14,118349,215],{},[37,118351,118353],{"className":39,"code":118352,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[44,118354,118355,118371],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118356,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118358,3773],{"class":61},[47,118360,66],{"class":65},[47,118362,69],{"class":61},[47,118364,72],{"class":65},[47,118366,69],{"class":61},[47,118368,77],{"class":65},[47,118370,1402],{"class":61},[47,118372,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118374,3773],{"class":61},[47,118376,1937],{"class":65},[47,118378,69],{"class":61},[47,118380,72],{"class":65},[47,118382,69],{"class":61},[47,118384,1242],{"class":65},[47,118386,1402],{"class":61},[14,118388,118389],{},"This also works with strings:",[37,118391,118393],{"className":39,"code":118392,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[44,118394,118395,118427,118431,118445],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118396,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423,118425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118398,3943],{"class":53},[47,118400,58],{"class":57},[47,118402,957],{"class":61},[47,118404,126],{"class":125},[47,118406,405],{"class":129},[47,118408,126],{"class":125},[47,118410,69],{"class":61},[47,118412,136],{"class":125},[47,118414,3960],{"class":129},[47,118416,126],{"class":125},[47,118418,69],{"class":61},[47,118420,136],{"class":125},[47,118422,3969],{"class":129},[47,118424,126],{"class":125},[47,118426,1402],{"class":61},[47,118428,118429],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118430,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,118432,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,118434,167],{"class":166},[47,118436,170],{"class":61},[47,118438,74393],{"class":166},[47,118440,170],{"class":61},[47,118442,3986],{"class":173},[47,118444,506],{"class":61},[47,118446,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,118448,167],{"class":166},[47,118450,170],{"class":61},[47,118452,74393],{"class":166},[47,118454,170],{"class":61},[47,118456,3986],{"class":173},[47,118458,69],{"class":61},[47,118460,77949],{"class":9053},[47,118462,58],{"class":57},[47,118464,3477],{"class":412},[47,118466,506],{"class":61},[14,118468,215],{},[37,118470,118471],{"className":39,"code":74037,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,118472,118473,118501],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118474,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118476,3773],{"class":61},[47,118478,256],{"class":125},[47,118480,405],{"class":129},[47,118482,256],{"class":125},[47,118484,69],{"class":61},[47,118486,265],{"class":125},[47,118488,3960],{"class":129},[47,118490,256],{"class":125},[47,118492,69],{"class":61},[47,118494,265],{"class":125},[47,118496,3969],{"class":129},[47,118498,256],{"class":125},[47,118500,1402],{"class":61},[47,118502,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525,118527],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118504,3773],{"class":61},[47,118506,256],{"class":125},[47,118508,3969],{"class":129},[47,118510,256],{"class":125},[47,118512,69],{"class":61},[47,118514,265],{"class":125},[47,118516,3960],{"class":129},[47,118518,256],{"class":125},[47,118520,69],{"class":61},[47,118522,265],{"class":125},[47,118524,405],{"class":129},[47,118526,256],{"class":125},[47,118528,1402],{"class":61},[32,118530,8294,118532,118535],{"id":118531},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[44,118533,118534],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118537,1854,118538,118540],{},[44,118539,118534],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118542,118543],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118545,118546],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[37,118548,118550],{"className":39,"code":118549,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[44,118551,118552,118592,118596,118618],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118553,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118555,3943],{"class":53},[47,118557,58],{"class":57},[47,118559,957],{"class":61},[47,118561,126],{"class":125},[47,118563,78623],{"class":129},[47,118565,126],{"class":125},[47,118567,69],{"class":61},[47,118569,136],{"class":125},[47,118571,38239],{"class":129},[47,118573,126],{"class":125},[47,118575,69],{"class":61},[47,118577,136],{"class":125},[47,118579,3960],{"class":129},[47,118581,126],{"class":125},[47,118583,69],{"class":61},[47,118585,136],{"class":125},[47,118587,38222],{"class":129},[47,118589,126],{"class":125},[47,118591,1402],{"class":61},[47,118593,118594],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118595,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,118597,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,118599,2106],{"class":53},[47,118601,58],{"class":57},[47,118603,74437],{"class":166},[47,118605,170],{"class":61},[47,118607,3986],{"class":173},[47,118609,69],{"class":61},[47,118611,21455],{"class":9053},[47,118613,58],{"class":57},[47,118615,1698],{"class":166},[47,118617,80],{"class":61},[47,118619,118620,118622,118624,118626],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,118621,167],{"class":166},[47,118623,170],{"class":61},[47,118625,2141],{"class":173},[47,118627,80],{"class":61},[14,118629,215],{},[37,118631,118633],{"className":39,"code":118632,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[44,118634,118635],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118636,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118638,3773],{"class":61},[47,118640,256],{"class":125},[47,118642,38239],{"class":129},[47,118644,256],{"class":125},[47,118646,69],{"class":61},[47,118648,265],{"class":125},[47,118650,78623],{"class":129},[47,118652,256],{"class":125},[47,118654,69],{"class":61},[47,118656,265],{"class":125},[47,118658,38222],{"class":129},[47,118660,256],{"class":125},[47,118662,69],{"class":61},[47,118664,265],{"class":125},[47,118666,3960],{"class":129},[47,118668,256],{"class":125},[47,118670,1402],{"class":61},[14,118672,20648,118673,118675],{},[44,118674,1698],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118677,118678],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[37,118680,118682],{"className":39,"code":118681,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[44,118683,118684,118717,118721,118747],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118685,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710,118713,118715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118687,3943],{"class":53},[47,118689,58],{"class":57},[47,118691,957],{"class":61},[47,118693,126],{"class":125},[47,118695,83242],{"class":129},[47,118697,126],{"class":125},[47,118699,69],{"class":61},[47,118701,136],{"class":125},[47,118703,405],{"class":129},[47,118705,126],{"class":125},[47,118707,69],{"class":61},[47,118709,136],{"class":125},[47,118711,118712],{"class":129},"Cherry",[47,118714,126],{"class":125},[47,118716,1402],{"class":61},[47,118718,118719],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118720,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,118722,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,118724,2106],{"class":53},[47,118726,58],{"class":57},[47,118728,74437],{"class":166},[47,118730,170],{"class":61},[47,118732,3986],{"class":173},[47,118734,69],{"class":61},[47,118736,21455],{"class":9053},[47,118738,58],{"class":57},[47,118740,3315],{"class":118},[47,118742,30],{"class":61},[47,118744,8518],{"class":24626},[47,118746,80],{"class":61},[47,118748,118749,118751,118753,118755],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,118750,167],{"class":166},[47,118752,170],{"class":61},[47,118754,2141],{"class":173},[47,118756,80],{"class":61},[14,118758,215],{},[37,118760,118762],{"className":39,"code":118761,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[44,118763,118764],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118765,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118767,3773],{"class":61},[47,118769,256],{"class":125},[47,118771,405],{"class":129},[47,118773,256],{"class":125},[47,118775,69],{"class":61},[47,118777,265],{"class":125},[47,118779,83242],{"class":129},[47,118781,256],{"class":125},[47,118783,69],{"class":61},[47,118785,265],{"class":125},[47,118787,118712],{"class":129},[47,118789,256],{"class":125},[47,118791,1402],{"class":61},[14,118793,118794,118795,35211,118797,30],{},"You can learn more about ",[44,118796,42242],{},[21,118798,3448,118799,3381],{"href":42239},[44,118800,42242],{},[32,118802,118804,10461,118806],{"id":118803},"sorted-vs-listsort",[44,118805,74303],{},[44,118807,77746],{},[14,118809,118810],{},"The main difference is this:",[291,118812,118813,118818],{},[294,118814,118815,118817],{},[44,118816,74303],{}," returns a new list",[294,118819,118820,73841],{},[44,118821,77746],{},[14,118823,118824],{},"Also:",[291,118826,118827,118832],{},[294,118828,118829,118831],{},[44,118830,74303],{}," works with many iterables",[294,118833,118834,79179],{},[44,118835,77746],{},[14,118837,1967,118838,10477],{},[44,118839,74303],{},[291,118841,118842,118845],{},[294,118843,118844],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[294,118846,118847],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118849,118850,118851,30],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[21,118852,3448,118853,10461,118855,5657],{"href":79004},[44,118854,74303],{},[44,118856,77746],{},[32,118858,118860],{"id":118859},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118862,118863,118864,30],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[44,118865,74303],{},[773,118867,118869],{"id":118868},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118871,118872,118873,2760],{},"This can raise a ",[44,118874,2879],{},[37,118876,118878],{"className":39,"code":118877,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[44,118879,118880,118904],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118881,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118883,1196],{"class":53},[47,118885,58],{"class":57},[47,118887,957],{"class":61},[47,118889,66],{"class":65},[47,118891,69],{"class":61},[47,118893,136],{"class":125},[47,118895,1931],{"class":129},[47,118897,126],{"class":125},[47,118899,69],{"class":61},[47,118901,77],{"class":65},[47,118903,1402],{"class":61},[47,118905,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118907,167],{"class":166},[47,118909,170],{"class":61},[47,118911,74393],{"class":166},[47,118913,170],{"class":61},[47,118915,1221],{"class":173},[47,118917,506],{"class":61},[14,118919,118920],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[773,118922,118924,118925,2180],{"id":118923},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[44,118926,14720],{},[14,118928,118929],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,118931,2083],{},[37,118933,118935],{"className":39,"code":118934,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[44,118936,118937,118957],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118938,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118940,54],{"class":53},[47,118942,58],{"class":57},[47,118944,957],{"class":61},[47,118946,960],{"class":65},[47,118948,69],{"class":61},[47,118950,72],{"class":65},[47,118952,69],{"class":61},[47,118954,7669],{"class":65},[47,118956,1402],{"class":61},[47,118958,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975,118977],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118960,167],{"class":166},[47,118962,170],{"class":61},[47,118964,74393],{"class":166},[47,118966,170],{"class":61},[47,118968,174],{"class":173},[47,118970,69],{"class":61},[47,118972,21455],{"class":9053},[47,118974,58],{"class":57},[47,118976,1698],{"class":166},[47,118978,506],{"class":61},[14,118980,48394,118981,118983],{},[44,118982,42242],{}," does not work on integers.",[773,118985,118987],{"id":118986},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,118989,118990],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[37,118992,118994],{"className":39,"code":118993,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,118995,118996,119016,119026,119030],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,118997,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118999,54],{"class":53},[47,119001,58],{"class":57},[47,119003,957],{"class":61},[47,119005,1937],{"class":65},[47,119007,69],{"class":61},[47,119009,1242],{"class":65},[47,119011,69],{"class":61},[47,119013,72],{"class":65},[47,119015,1402],{"class":61},[47,119017,119018,119020,119022,119024],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119019,74393],{"class":166},[47,119021,170],{"class":61},[47,119023,174],{"class":173},[47,119025,80],{"class":61},[47,119027,119028],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119029,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,119031,119032,119034,119036,119038],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,119033,167],{"class":166},[47,119035,170],{"class":61},[47,119037,174],{"class":173},[47,119039,80],{"class":61},[14,119041,215],{},[37,119043,119045],{"className":39,"code":119044,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[44,119046,119047],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,119048,119049,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119050,3773],{"class":61},[47,119052,1937],{"class":65},[47,119054,69],{"class":61},[47,119056,1242],{"class":65},[47,119058,69],{"class":61},[47,119060,72],{"class":65},[47,119062,1402],{"class":61},[14,119064,119065],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[32,119067,1284],{"id":1283},[291,119069,119070,119074,119077,119082,119086],{},[294,119071,4454,119072,73841],{},[44,119073,74303],{},[294,119075,119076],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[294,119078,4579,119079,119081],{},[44,119080,74303],{}," always returns a list",[294,119083,8294,119084,22980],{},[44,119085,118534],{},[294,119087,29527,119088,119090,119091],{},[44,119089,64191],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[44,119092,74303],{},[14,119094,119095],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[37,119097,119099],{"className":39,"code":119098,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[44,119100,119101,119123,119149,119187],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,119102,119103,119105,119107,119109,119111,119113,119115,119117,119119,119121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119104,167],{"class":166},[47,119106,170],{"class":61},[47,119108,74393],{"class":166},[47,119110,122],{"class":61},[47,119112,1937],{"class":65},[47,119114,69],{"class":61},[47,119116,1242],{"class":65},[47,119118,69],{"class":61},[47,119120,72],{"class":65},[47,119122,2873],{"class":61},[47,119124,119125,119127,119129,119131,119133,119135,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145,119147],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119126,167],{"class":166},[47,119128,170],{"class":61},[47,119130,499],{"class":118},[47,119132,170],{"class":61},[47,119134,74393],{"class":166},[47,119136,5384],{"class":61},[47,119138,1937],{"class":65},[47,119140,69],{"class":61},[47,119142,1242],{"class":65},[47,119144,69],{"class":61},[47,119146,72],{"class":65},[47,119148,93246],{"class":61},[47,119150,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181,119183,119185],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119152,167],{"class":166},[47,119154,170],{"class":61},[47,119156,74393],{"class":166},[47,119158,122],{"class":61},[47,119160,256],{"class":125},[47,119162,83242],{"class":129},[47,119164,256],{"class":125},[47,119166,69],{"class":61},[47,119168,265],{"class":125},[47,119170,405],{"class":129},[47,119172,256],{"class":125},[47,119174,17938],{"class":61},[47,119176,21455],{"class":9053},[47,119178,58],{"class":57},[47,119180,3315],{"class":118},[47,119182,30],{"class":61},[47,119184,8518],{"class":24626},[47,119186,506],{"class":61},[47,119188,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199,119201,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211,119213,119215],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,119190,167],{"class":166},[47,119192,170],{"class":61},[47,119194,74393],{"class":166},[47,119196,122],{"class":61},[47,119198,1937],{"class":65},[47,119200,69],{"class":61},[47,119202,1242],{"class":65},[47,119204,69],{"class":61},[47,119206,72],{"class":65},[47,119208,17938],{"class":61},[47,119210,77949],{"class":9053},[47,119212,58],{"class":57},[47,119214,3477],{"class":412},[47,119216,506],{"class":61},[14,119218,119219,119220,30],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[21,119221,52656],{"href":50863},[32,119223,1708],{"id":1707},[773,119225,12584,119227,57046],{"id":119226},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[44,119228,74303],{},[14,119230,119231],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[773,119233,1744,119235,1747],{"id":119234},"what-does-sorted-return",[44,119236,74303],{},[14,119238,119239],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[773,119241,119243,119244,10969,119246,2368],{"id":119242},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[44,119245,74303],{},[44,119247,77746],{},[14,119249,1967,119250,119252],{},[44,119251,74303],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[773,119254,1744,119256,86330,119258,2368],{"id":119255},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[44,119257,118534],{},[44,119259,74303],{},[14,119261,119262],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[773,119264,5032,119266,119268,119269,2368],{"id":119265},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[44,119267,74303],{}," give a ",[44,119270,2879],{},[14,119272,119273],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[32,119275,1758],{"id":1757},[291,119277,119278,119282,119290,119294,119300,119306],{},[294,119279,119280],{},[21,119281,79752],{"href":78255},[294,119283,119284],{},[21,119285,3448,119286,10461,119288,5657],{"href":79004},[44,119287,74303],{},[44,119289,77746],{},[294,119291,119292],{},[21,119293,52656],{"href":50863},[294,119295,119296],{},[21,119297,3448,119298,3381],{"href":42239},[44,119299,42242],{},[294,119301,119302],{},[21,119303,3448,119304,3381],{"href":91902},[44,119305,35631],{},[294,119307,119308],{},[21,119309,3448,119310,3381],{"href":36076},[44,119311,36079],{},[1796,119313,119314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":119316},[119317,119318,119320,119323,119324,119331,119333,119335,119337,119343,119344,119356],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":117597,"depth":83,"text":119319},"What sorted() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032,"children":119321},[119322],{"id":17271,"depth":94,"text":17272},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":117836,"depth":83,"text":117837,"children":119325},[119326,119327,119328,119329,119330],{"id":7969,"depth":94,"text":117845},{"id":531,"depth":94,"text":117909},{"id":6161,"depth":94,"text":118006},{"id":61055,"depth":94,"text":118070},{"id":15482,"depth":94,"text":29100},{"id":118275,"depth":83,"text":119332},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118531,"depth":83,"text":119334},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118803,"depth":83,"text":119336},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118859,"depth":83,"text":118860,"children":119338},[119339,119340,119342],{"id":118868,"depth":94,"text":118869},{"id":118923,"depth":94,"text":119341},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118986,"depth":94,"text":118987},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":119345},[119346,119348,119350,119352,119354],{"id":119226,"depth":94,"text":119347},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119234,"depth":94,"text":119349},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119242,"depth":94,"text":119351},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119255,"depth":94,"text":119353},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119265,"depth":94,"text":119355},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117499,"description":119357},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119364,"title":119365,"body":119366,"description":121477,"extension":1837,"meta":121478,"navigation":159,"path":79004,"seo":121479,"stem":121480,"__hash__":121481},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119367,"toc":121424},[119368,119375,119378,119388,119394,119397,119415,119423,119425,119484,119492,119496,119518,119522,119526,119528,119545,119547,119559,119565,119649,119653,119700,119706,119713,119717,119722,119724,119736,119741,119794,119798,119818,119825,119832,119836,119839,119858,119862,119976,119980,120050,120052,120064,120069,120073,120086,120090,120165,120169,120208,120215,120221,120226,120230,120244,120248,120313,120317,120350,120353,120358,120366,120373,120386,120389,120393,120476,120480,120517,120521,120624,120628,120689,120694,120701,120705,120708,120714,120717,120784,120788,120812,120814,120832,120839,120892,120896,120916,120922,120924,120981,120988,121014,121019,121024,121032,121038,121098,121102,121149,121152,121154,121157,121183,121186,121279,121281,121301,121305,121308,121326,121332,121334,121342,121347,121354,121357,121363,121366,121372,121380,121388,121393,121395,121421],[10,119369,3448,119371,10461,119373,92960],{"id":119370},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[44,119372,74303],{},[44,119374,77746],{},[14,119376,119377],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[291,119379,119380,119384],{},[294,119381,119382],{},[44,119383,74303],{},[294,119385,119386],{},[44,119387,77746],{},[14,119389,119390,119391,119393],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[575,119392,577],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119395,119396],{},"The main difference is simple:",[291,119398,119399,119407],{},[294,119400,1967,119401,119403,119404],{},[44,119402,74303],{}," when you want a ",[575,119405,119406],{},"new sorted result",[294,119408,1967,119409,119411,119412],{},[44,119410,77746],{}," when you want to ",[575,119413,119414],{},"change the original list",[14,119416,119417,119418,2274,119420,119422],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[44,119419,77746],{},[44,119421,3652],{}," and causes confusion.",[32,119424,3482],{"id":3481},[37,119426,119428],{"className":39,"code":119427,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[44,119429,119430,119450,119454,119471],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,119431,119432,119434,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446,119448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119433,54],{"class":53},[47,119435,58],{"class":57},[47,119437,957],{"class":61},[47,119439,1937],{"class":65},[47,119441,69],{"class":61},[47,119443,1242],{"class":65},[47,119445,69],{"class":61},[47,119447,72],{"class":65},[47,119449,1402],{"class":61},[47,119451,119452],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119453,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,119455,119456,119458,119460,119462,119464,119466,119468],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119457,55775],{"class":53},[47,119459,58],{"class":57},[47,119461,74437],{"class":166},[47,119463,170],{"class":61},[47,119465,174],{"class":173},[47,119467,3533],{"class":61},[47,119469,119470],{"class":1494},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[47,119472,119473,119475,119477,119479,119481],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,119474,174],{"class":53},[47,119476,30],{"class":61},[47,119478,34680],{"class":173},[47,119480,550],{"class":61},[47,119482,119483],{"class":1494},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119485,1967,119486,119488,119489,119491],{},[44,119487,74303],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[44,119490,77746],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[32,119493,119495],{"id":119494},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[291,119497,119498,119503,119508,119515],{},[294,119499,1967,119500,119502],{},[44,119501,74303],{}," to get a new sorted list",[294,119504,1967,119505,119507],{},[44,119506,77746],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[294,119509,119510,119511,2274,119513],{},"Understand why ",[44,119512,77746],{},[44,119514,3652],{},[294,119516,119517],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[32,119519,3550,119520,3553],{"id":117597},[44,119521,74303],{},[14,119523,119524,62807],{},[44,119525,74303],{},[14,119527,48811],{},[291,119529,119530,119536,119542],{},[294,119531,119532,119533],{},"returns a ",[575,119534,119535],{},"new list",[294,119537,119538,119539,119541],{},"does ",[575,119540,577],{}," change the original data",[294,119543,119544],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119546,51017],{},[291,119548,119549,119551,119553,119555,119557],{},[294,119550,5175],{},[294,119552,5178],{},[294,119554,812],{},[294,119556,5181],{},[294,119558,35792],{},[773,119560,34959,119562,119564],{"id":119561},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[44,119563,74303],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[37,119566,119568],{"className":39,"code":119567,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[44,119569,119570,119590,119594,119608,119612,119630],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,119571,119572,119574,119576,119578,119580,119582,119584,119586,119588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119573,54],{"class":53},[47,119575,58],{"class":57},[47,119577,957],{"class":61},[47,119579,1937],{"class":65},[47,119581,69],{"class":61},[47,119583,1242],{"class":65},[47,119585,69],{"class":61},[47,119587,72],{"class":65},[47,119589,1402],{"class":61},[47,119591,119592],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119593,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,119595,119596,119598,119600,119602,119604,119606],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119597,2106],{"class":53},[47,119599,58],{"class":57},[47,119601,74437],{"class":166},[47,119603,170],{"class":61},[47,119605,174],{"class":173},[47,119607,80],{"class":61},[47,119609,119610],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,119611,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,119613,119614,119616,119618,119620,119622,119624,119626,119628],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,119615,167],{"class":166},[47,119617,170],{"class":61},[47,119619,126],{"class":125},[47,119621,12033],{"class":129},[47,119623,126],{"class":125},[47,119625,69],{"class":61},[47,119627,4136],{"class":173},[47,119629,80],{"class":61},[47,119631,119632,119634,119636,119638,119641,119643,119645,119647],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,119633,167],{"class":166},[47,119635,170],{"class":61},[47,119637,126],{"class":125},[47,119639,119640],{"class":129},"sorted result:",[47,119642,126],{"class":125},[47,119644,69],{"class":61},[47,119646,81096],{"class":173},[47,119648,80],{"class":61},[14,119650,119651],{},[575,119652,215],{},[37,119654,119656],{"className":39,"code":119655,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,119657,119658,119678],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,119659,119660,119662,119664,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119661,12012],{"class":53},[47,119663,2760],{"class":61},[47,119665,957],{"class":61},[47,119667,1937],{"class":65},[47,119669,69],{"class":61},[47,119671,1242],{"class":65},[47,119673,69],{"class":61},[47,119675,72],{"class":65},[47,119677,1402],{"class":61},[47,119679,119680,119682,119684,119686,119688,119690,119692,119694,119696,119698],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119681,74393],{"class":166},[47,119683,81096],{"class":53},[47,119685,2760],{"class":61},[47,119687,957],{"class":61},[47,119689,66],{"class":65},[47,119691,69],{"class":61},[47,119693,72],{"class":65},[47,119695,69],{"class":61},[47,119697,77],{"class":65},[47,119699,1402],{"class":61},[14,119701,119702,119703,119705],{},"The important part is that ",[44,119704,174],{}," stays the same.",[14,119707,119708,119709,30],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[21,119710,3448,119711,3381],{"href":74400},[44,119712,74303],{},[32,119714,3550,119715,3553],{"id":77812},[44,119716,77746],{},[14,119718,119719,119721],{},[44,119720,64191],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119723,48811],{},[291,119725,119726,119729,119732],{},[294,119727,119728],{},"changes the original list directly",[294,119730,119731],{},"only works on lists",[294,119733,3565,119734],{},[44,119735,3652],{},[773,119737,34959,119739,73841],{"id":119738},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[44,119740,77746],{},[37,119742,119744],{"className":39,"code":119743,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,119745,119746,119766,119770,119780,119784],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,119747,119748,119750,119752,119754,119756,119758,119760,119762,119764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119749,54],{"class":53},[47,119751,58],{"class":57},[47,119753,957],{"class":61},[47,119755,1937],{"class":65},[47,119757,69],{"class":61},[47,119759,1242],{"class":65},[47,119761,69],{"class":61},[47,119763,72],{"class":65},[47,119765,1402],{"class":61},[47,119767,119768],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119769,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,119771,119772,119774,119776,119778],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119773,174],{"class":53},[47,119775,30],{"class":61},[47,119777,34680],{"class":173},[47,119779,241],{"class":61},[47,119781,119782],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,119783,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,119785,119786,119788,119790,119792],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,119787,167],{"class":166},[47,119789,170],{"class":61},[47,119791,174],{"class":173},[47,119793,80],{"class":61},[14,119795,119796],{},[575,119797,215],{},[37,119799,119800],{"className":39,"code":55035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,119801,119802],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,119803,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814,119816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119805,3773],{"class":61},[47,119807,66],{"class":65},[47,119809,69],{"class":61},[47,119811,72],{"class":65},[47,119813,69],{"class":61},[47,119815,77],{"class":65},[47,119817,1402],{"class":61},[14,119819,119820,119821,119824],{},"After calling ",[44,119822,119823],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119826,119827,119828,30],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[21,119829,3448,119830,10617],{"href":74654},[44,119831,77746],{},[32,119833,119835],{"id":119834},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119837,119838],{},"Here is the core difference:",[291,119840,119841,119850],{},[294,119842,119843,119846,119847],{},[44,119844,119845],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[575,119848,119849],{},"new sorted list",[294,119851,119852,119855,119856,74211],{},[44,119853,119854],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[44,119857,8215],{},[773,119859,119861],{"id":119860},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[37,119863,119865],{"className":39,"code":119864,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[44,119866,119867,119887,119891,119905,119924,119943,119947,119957],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,119868,119869,119871,119873,119875,119877,119879,119881,119883,119885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119870,54],{"class":53},[47,119872,58],{"class":57},[47,119874,957],{"class":61},[47,119876,104],{"class":65},[47,119878,69],{"class":61},[47,119880,72],{"class":65},[47,119882,69],{"class":61},[47,119884,2333],{"class":65},[47,119886,1402],{"class":61},[47,119888,119889],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119890,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,119892,119893,119895,119897,119899,119901,119903],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119894,2430],{"class":53},[47,119896,58],{"class":57},[47,119898,74437],{"class":166},[47,119900,170],{"class":61},[47,119902,174],{"class":173},[47,119904,80],{"class":61},[47,119906,119907,119909,119911,119913,119916,119918,119920,119922],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,119908,167],{"class":166},[47,119910,170],{"class":61},[47,119912,126],{"class":125},[47,119914,119915],{"class":129},"numbers after sorted():",[47,119917,126],{"class":125},[47,119919,69],{"class":61},[47,119921,4136],{"class":173},[47,119923,80],{"class":61},[47,119925,119926,119928,119930,119932,119935,119937,119939,119941],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,119927,167],{"class":166},[47,119929,170],{"class":61},[47,119931,126],{"class":125},[47,119933,119934],{"class":129},"a:",[47,119936,126],{"class":125},[47,119938,69],{"class":61},[47,119940,56771],{"class":173},[47,119942,80],{"class":61},[47,119944,119945],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,119946,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,119948,119949,119951,119953,119955],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,119950,174],{"class":53},[47,119952,30],{"class":61},[47,119954,34680],{"class":173},[47,119956,241],{"class":61},[47,119958,119959,119961,119963,119965,119968,119970,119972,119974],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,119960,167],{"class":166},[47,119962,170],{"class":61},[47,119964,126],{"class":125},[47,119966,119967],{"class":129},"numbers after sort():",[47,119969,126],{"class":125},[47,119971,69],{"class":61},[47,119973,4136],{"class":173},[47,119975,80],{"class":61},[14,119977,119978],{},[575,119979,215],{},[37,119981,119983],{"className":39,"code":119982,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[44,119984,119985,120008,120028],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,119986,119987,119990,119992,119994,119996,119998,120000,120002,120004,120006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119988,119989],{"class":53},"numbers after ",[47,119991,74393],{"class":166},[47,119993,29461],{"class":61},[47,119995,957],{"class":61},[47,119997,104],{"class":65},[47,119999,69],{"class":61},[47,120001,72],{"class":65},[47,120003,69],{"class":61},[47,120005,2333],{"class":65},[47,120007,1402],{"class":61},[47,120009,120010,120012,120014,120016,120018,120020,120022,120024,120026],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120011,21],{"class":53},[47,120013,2760],{"class":61},[47,120015,957],{"class":61},[47,120017,1931],{"class":65},[47,120019,69],{"class":61},[47,120021,2333],{"class":65},[47,120023,69],{"class":61},[47,120025,4480],{"class":65},[47,120027,1402],{"class":61},[47,120029,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046,120048],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120031,119989],{"class":53},[47,120033,34680],{"class":173},[47,120035,29461],{"class":61},[47,120037,957],{"class":61},[47,120039,1931],{"class":65},[47,120041,69],{"class":61},[47,120043,2333],{"class":65},[47,120045,69],{"class":61},[47,120047,4480],{"class":65},[47,120049,1402],{"class":61},[14,120051,10589],{},[291,120053,120054,120059],{},[294,120055,120056,120058],{},[44,120057,74303],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[294,120060,120061,120063],{},[44,120062,64191],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[32,120065,4836,120067],{"id":120066},"when-to-use-sorted",[44,120068,74303],{},[14,120070,1967,120071,10477],{},[44,120072,74303],{},[291,120074,120075,120078,120080,120083],{},[294,120076,120077],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[294,120079,118847],{},[294,120081,120082],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[294,120084,120085],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[773,120087,120089],{"id":120088},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[37,120091,120093],{"className":39,"code":120092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[44,120094,120095,120119,120123,120137,120141,120151],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120096,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107,120109,120111,120113,120115,120117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120098,54],{"class":53},[47,120100,58],{"class":57},[47,120102,62],{"class":61},[47,120104,1210],{"class":65},[47,120106,69],{"class":61},[47,120108,1242],{"class":65},[47,120110,69],{"class":61},[47,120112,77],{"class":65},[47,120114,69],{"class":61},[47,120116,72],{"class":65},[47,120118,80],{"class":61},[47,120120,120121],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120122,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120124,120125,120127,120129,120131,120133,120135],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120126,2106],{"class":53},[47,120128,58],{"class":57},[47,120130,74437],{"class":166},[47,120132,170],{"class":61},[47,120134,174],{"class":173},[47,120136,80],{"class":61},[47,120138,120139],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120140,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120142,120143,120145,120147,120149],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,120144,167],{"class":166},[47,120146,170],{"class":61},[47,120148,2141],{"class":173},[47,120150,80],{"class":61},[47,120152,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,120154,167],{"class":166},[47,120156,170],{"class":61},[47,120158,499],{"class":118},[47,120160,170],{"class":61},[47,120162,2141],{"class":173},[47,120164,506],{"class":61},[14,120166,120167],{},[575,120168,215],{},[37,120170,120172],{"className":39,"code":120171,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[44,120173,120174,120194],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120175,120176,120178,120180,120182,120184,120186,120188,120190,120192],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120177,3773],{"class":61},[47,120179,66],{"class":65},[47,120181,69],{"class":61},[47,120183,72],{"class":65},[47,120185,69],{"class":61},[47,120187,77],{"class":65},[47,120189,69],{"class":61},[47,120191,2333],{"class":65},[47,120193,1402],{"class":61},[47,120195,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204,120206],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120197,522],{"class":57},[47,120199,526],{"class":525},[47,120201,265],{"class":125},[47,120203,7969],{"class":129},[47,120205,256],{"class":125},[47,120207,536],{"class":57},[14,120209,2163,120210,120212,120213,30],{},[44,120211,74303],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[575,120214,7969],{},[14,120216,120217,120218,120220],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[21,120219,52656],{"href":50863}," is a helpful next step.",[32,120222,4836,120224],{"id":120223},"when-to-use-listsort",[44,120225,77746],{},[14,120227,1967,120228,10477],{},[44,120229,77746],{},[291,120231,120232,120235,120238,120241],{},[294,120233,120234],{},"you already have a list",[294,120236,120237],{},"you want to update that list directly",[294,120239,120240],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[294,120242,120243],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[773,120245,120247],{"id":120246},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[37,120249,120251],{"className":39,"code":120250,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[44,120252,120253,120285,120289,120299,120303],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120254,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269,120271,120273,120275,120277,120279,120281,120283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120256,4870],{"class":53},[47,120258,58],{"class":57},[47,120260,957],{"class":61},[47,120262,126],{"class":125},[47,120264,4897],{"class":129},[47,120266,126],{"class":125},[47,120268,69],{"class":61},[47,120270,136],{"class":125},[47,120272,4879],{"class":129},[47,120274,126],{"class":125},[47,120276,69],{"class":61},[47,120278,136],{"class":125},[47,120280,4888],{"class":129},[47,120282,126],{"class":125},[47,120284,1402],{"class":61},[47,120286,120287],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120288,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120290,120291,120293,120295,120297],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120292,4914],{"class":53},[47,120294,30],{"class":61},[47,120296,34680],{"class":173},[47,120298,241],{"class":61},[47,120300,120301],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120302,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120304,120305,120307,120309,120311],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,120306,167],{"class":166},[47,120308,170],{"class":61},[47,120310,4914],{"class":173},[47,120312,80],{"class":61},[14,120314,120315],{},[575,120316,215],{},[37,120318,120320],{"className":39,"code":120319,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[44,120321,120322],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120323,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332,120334,120336,120338,120340,120342,120344,120346,120348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120325,3773],{"class":61},[47,120327,256],{"class":125},[47,120329,4879],{"class":129},[47,120331,256],{"class":125},[47,120333,69],{"class":61},[47,120335,265],{"class":125},[47,120337,4888],{"class":129},[47,120339,256],{"class":125},[47,120341,69],{"class":61},[47,120343,265],{"class":125},[47,120345,4897],{"class":129},[47,120347,256],{"class":125},[47,120349,1402],{"class":61},[14,120351,120352],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120354,120355,120356,30],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[21,120357,79752],{"href":78255},[32,120359,120361,4267,120363,120365],{"id":120360},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[44,120362,73456],{},[44,120364,14720],{}," work with both",[14,120367,10466,120368,4267,120370,120372],{},[44,120369,74303],{},[44,120371,77746],{}," support:",[291,120374,120375,120380],{},[294,120376,120377,120379],{},[44,120378,77970],{}," for descending order",[294,120381,120382,120385],{},[44,120383,120384],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120387,120388],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[773,120390,120392],{"id":120391},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[37,120394,120396],{"className":39,"code":120395,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,120397,120398,120418,120422,120444,120448,120466],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120399,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414,120416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120401,54],{"class":53},[47,120403,58],{"class":57},[47,120405,957],{"class":61},[47,120407,1937],{"class":65},[47,120409,69],{"class":61},[47,120411,1242],{"class":65},[47,120413,69],{"class":61},[47,120415,72],{"class":65},[47,120417,1402],{"class":61},[47,120419,120420],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120421,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120423,120424,120426,120428,120430,120432,120434,120436,120438,120440,120442],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120425,167],{"class":166},[47,120427,170],{"class":61},[47,120429,74393],{"class":166},[47,120431,170],{"class":61},[47,120433,174],{"class":173},[47,120435,69],{"class":61},[47,120437,77949],{"class":9053},[47,120439,58],{"class":57},[47,120441,3477],{"class":412},[47,120443,506],{"class":61},[47,120445,120446],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120447,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120449,120450,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,120451,174],{"class":53},[47,120453,30],{"class":61},[47,120455,34680],{"class":173},[47,120457,170],{"class":61},[47,120459,73456],{"class":9053},[47,120461,58],{"class":57},[47,120463,3477],{"class":412},[47,120465,80],{"class":61},[47,120467,120468,120470,120472,120474],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,120469,167],{"class":166},[47,120471,170],{"class":61},[47,120473,174],{"class":173},[47,120475,80],{"class":61},[14,120477,120478],{},[575,120479,215],{},[37,120481,120483],{"className":39,"code":120482,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[44,120484,120485,120501],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120486,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120488,3773],{"class":61},[47,120490,1937],{"class":65},[47,120492,69],{"class":61},[47,120494,72],{"class":65},[47,120496,69],{"class":61},[47,120498,1242],{"class":65},[47,120500,1402],{"class":61},[47,120502,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120504,3773],{"class":61},[47,120506,1937],{"class":65},[47,120508,69],{"class":61},[47,120510,72],{"class":65},[47,120512,69],{"class":61},[47,120514,1242],{"class":65},[47,120516,1402],{"class":61},[773,120518,120520],{"id":120519},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[37,120522,120524],{"className":39,"code":120523,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[44,120525,120526,120558,120562,120588,120592,120614],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120527,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120529,3943],{"class":53},[47,120531,58],{"class":57},[47,120533,957],{"class":61},[47,120535,126],{"class":125},[47,120537,83242],{"class":129},[47,120539,126],{"class":125},[47,120541,69],{"class":61},[47,120543,136],{"class":125},[47,120545,405],{"class":129},[47,120547,126],{"class":125},[47,120549,69],{"class":61},[47,120551,136],{"class":125},[47,120553,118712],{"class":129},[47,120555,126],{"class":125},[47,120557,1402],{"class":61},[47,120559,120560],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120561,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120563,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580,120582,120584,120586],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120565,167],{"class":166},[47,120567,170],{"class":61},[47,120569,74393],{"class":166},[47,120571,170],{"class":61},[47,120573,3986],{"class":173},[47,120575,69],{"class":61},[47,120577,21455],{"class":9053},[47,120579,58],{"class":57},[47,120581,3315],{"class":118},[47,120583,30],{"class":61},[47,120585,8518],{"class":24626},[47,120587,506],{"class":61},[47,120589,120590],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120591,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120593,120594,120596,120598,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610,120612],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,120595,3986],{"class":53},[47,120597,30],{"class":61},[47,120599,34680],{"class":173},[47,120601,170],{"class":61},[47,120603,14720],{"class":9053},[47,120605,58],{"class":57},[47,120607,3315],{"class":118},[47,120609,30],{"class":61},[47,120611,8518],{"class":24626},[47,120613,80],{"class":61},[47,120615,120616,120618,120620,120622],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,120617,167],{"class":166},[47,120619,170],{"class":61},[47,120621,3986],{"class":173},[47,120623,80],{"class":61},[14,120625,120626],{},[575,120627,215],{},[37,120629,120631],{"className":39,"code":120630,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[44,120632,120633,120661],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120634,120635,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655,120657,120659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120636,3773],{"class":61},[47,120638,256],{"class":125},[47,120640,405],{"class":129},[47,120642,256],{"class":125},[47,120644,69],{"class":61},[47,120646,265],{"class":125},[47,120648,83242],{"class":129},[47,120650,256],{"class":125},[47,120652,69],{"class":61},[47,120654,265],{"class":125},[47,120656,118712],{"class":129},[47,120658,256],{"class":125},[47,120660,1402],{"class":61},[47,120662,120663,120665,120667,120669,120671,120673,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683,120685,120687],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120664,3773],{"class":61},[47,120666,256],{"class":125},[47,120668,405],{"class":129},[47,120670,256],{"class":125},[47,120672,69],{"class":61},[47,120674,265],{"class":125},[47,120676,83242],{"class":129},[47,120678,256],{"class":125},[47,120680,69],{"class":61},[47,120682,265],{"class":125},[47,120684,118712],{"class":129},[47,120686,256],{"class":125},[47,120688,1402],{"class":61},[14,120690,8294,120691,120693],{},[44,120692,78464],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120695,120696,120697,30],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[21,120698,120700],{"href":120699},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[32,120702,120704],{"id":120703},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120706,120707],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[773,120709,120711,120712,12477],{"id":120710},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[44,120713,77746],{},[14,120715,120716],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[37,120718,120720],{"className":39,"code":120719,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,120721,120722,120742,120746,120760,120764,120774],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120723,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120725,54],{"class":53},[47,120727,58],{"class":57},[47,120729,957],{"class":61},[47,120731,1937],{"class":65},[47,120733,69],{"class":61},[47,120735,1242],{"class":65},[47,120737,69],{"class":61},[47,120739,72],{"class":65},[47,120741,1402],{"class":61},[47,120743,120744],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120745,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120747,120748,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120749,2106],{"class":53},[47,120751,58],{"class":57},[47,120753,4136],{"class":53},[47,120755,30],{"class":61},[47,120757,34680],{"class":173},[47,120759,241],{"class":61},[47,120761,120762],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120763,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120765,120766,120768,120770,120772],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,120767,167],{"class":166},[47,120769,170],{"class":61},[47,120771,2141],{"class":173},[47,120773,80],{"class":61},[47,120775,120776,120778,120780,120782],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,120777,167],{"class":166},[47,120779,170],{"class":61},[47,120781,174],{"class":173},[47,120783,80],{"class":61},[14,120785,120786],{},[575,120787,215],{},[37,120789,120790],{"className":39,"code":79087,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,120791,120792,120796],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120793,120794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120795,11687],{"class":412},[47,120797,120798,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808,120810],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120799,3773],{"class":61},[47,120801,66],{"class":65},[47,120803,69],{"class":61},[47,120805,72],{"class":65},[47,120807,69],{"class":61},[47,120809,77],{"class":65},[47,120811,1402],{"class":61},[14,120813,11779],{},[291,120815,120816,120821,120826],{},[294,120817,120818,120820],{},[44,120819,119823],{}," sorts the list in place",[294,120822,34896,120823,120825],{},[575,120824,577],{}," return the sorted list",[294,120827,89866,120828,42036,120830],{},[44,120829,2141],{},[44,120831,3652],{},[773,120833,120835,120836,120838],{"id":120834},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[44,120837,74303],{}," to change the original list",[37,120840,120842],{"className":39,"code":120841,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,120843,120844,120864,120868,120878,120882],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120845,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120847,54],{"class":53},[47,120849,58],{"class":57},[47,120851,957],{"class":61},[47,120853,1937],{"class":65},[47,120855,69],{"class":61},[47,120857,1242],{"class":65},[47,120859,69],{"class":61},[47,120861,72],{"class":65},[47,120863,1402],{"class":61},[47,120865,120866],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120867,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120869,120870,120872,120874,120876],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120871,74393],{"class":166},[47,120873,170],{"class":61},[47,120875,174],{"class":173},[47,120877,80],{"class":61},[47,120879,120880],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120881,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120883,120884,120886,120888,120890],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,120885,167],{"class":166},[47,120887,170],{"class":61},[47,120889,174],{"class":173},[47,120891,80],{"class":61},[14,120893,120894],{},[575,120895,215],{},[37,120897,120898],{"className":39,"code":119044,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,120899,120900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120901,120902,120904,120906,120908,120910,120912,120914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120903,3773],{"class":61},[47,120905,1937],{"class":65},[47,120907,69],{"class":61},[47,120909,1242],{"class":65},[47,120911,69],{"class":61},[47,120913,72],{"class":65},[47,120915,1402],{"class":61},[14,120917,120918,120921],{},[44,120919,120920],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,120923,10684],{},[37,120925,120927],{"className":39,"code":120926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[44,120928,120929,120949,120953,120967,120971],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120930,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941,120943,120945,120947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120932,54],{"class":53},[47,120934,58],{"class":57},[47,120936,957],{"class":61},[47,120938,1937],{"class":65},[47,120940,69],{"class":61},[47,120942,1242],{"class":65},[47,120944,69],{"class":61},[47,120946,72],{"class":65},[47,120948,1402],{"class":61},[47,120950,120951],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120952,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120954,120955,120957,120959,120961,120963,120965],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120956,55527],{"class":53},[47,120958,58],{"class":57},[47,120960,74437],{"class":166},[47,120962,170],{"class":61},[47,120964,174],{"class":173},[47,120966,80],{"class":61},[47,120968,120969],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120970,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,120972,120973,120975,120977,120979],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,120974,167],{"class":166},[47,120976,170],{"class":61},[47,120978,55546],{"class":173},[47,120980,80],{"class":61},[773,120982,120984,120985,120987],{"id":120983},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[44,120986,64191],{}," on a tuple or string",[37,120989,120990],{"className":39,"code":79189,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,120991,120992,121004],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,120993,120994,120996,120998,121000,121002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120995,34568],{"class":53},[47,120997,58],{"class":57},[47,120999,136],{"class":125},[47,121001,41],{"class":129},[47,121003,3230],{"class":125},[47,121005,121006,121008,121010,121012],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121007,34589],{"class":53},[47,121009,30],{"class":61},[47,121011,34680],{"class":173},[47,121013,241],{"class":61},[14,121015,121016,121017,33480],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[44,121018,64191],{},[14,121020,121021,121023],{},[44,121022,64191],{}," only works on lists.",[14,121025,121026,121027,121029,121030,30],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[44,121028,74303],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[21,121031,5012],{"href":5460},[773,121033,121035,121036,119081],{"id":121034},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[44,121037,74303],{},[37,121039,121041],{"className":39,"code":121040,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[44,121042,121043,121056,121070,121074,121084],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121044,121045,121047,121049,121051,121054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121046,34568],{"class":53},[47,121048,58],{"class":57},[47,121050,136],{"class":125},[47,121052,121053],{"class":129},"cab",[47,121055,3230],{"class":125},[47,121057,121058,121060,121062,121064,121066,121068],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121059,2106],{"class":53},[47,121061,58],{"class":57},[47,121063,74437],{"class":166},[47,121065,170],{"class":61},[47,121067,34589],{"class":173},[47,121069,80],{"class":61},[47,121071,121072],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121073,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,121075,121076,121078,121080,121082],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121077,167],{"class":166},[47,121079,170],{"class":61},[47,121081,2141],{"class":173},[47,121083,80],{"class":61},[47,121085,121086,121088,121090,121092,121094,121096],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,121087,167],{"class":166},[47,121089,170],{"class":61},[47,121091,499],{"class":118},[47,121093,170],{"class":61},[47,121095,2141],{"class":173},[47,121097,506],{"class":61},[14,121099,121100],{},[575,121101,215],{},[37,121103,121105],{"className":39,"code":121104,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[44,121106,121107,121135],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121108,121109,121111,121113,121115,121117,121119,121121,121123,121125,121127,121129,121131,121133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121110,3773],{"class":61},[47,121112,256],{"class":125},[47,121114,21],{"class":129},[47,121116,256],{"class":125},[47,121118,69],{"class":61},[47,121120,265],{"class":125},[47,121122,139],{"class":129},[47,121124,256],{"class":125},[47,121126,69],{"class":61},[47,121128,265],{"class":125},[47,121130,148],{"class":129},[47,121132,256],{"class":125},[47,121134,1402],{"class":61},[47,121136,121137,121139,121141,121143,121145,121147],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121138,522],{"class":57},[47,121140,526],{"class":525},[47,121142,265],{"class":125},[47,121144,7969],{"class":129},[47,121146,256],{"class":125},[47,121148,536],{"class":57},[14,121150,121151],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[32,121153,113602],{"id":113601},[14,121155,121156],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[291,121158,121159,121162,121167,121172,121178],{},[294,121160,121161],{},"confusing a function with a method",[294,121163,121164,121165,53529],{},"not knowing that ",[44,121166,64191],{},[294,121168,121169,121170,12477],{},"assigning the result of ",[44,121171,77746],{},[294,121173,121174,121175,121177],{},"trying to use ",[44,121176,64191],{}," on non-list data types",[294,121179,50389,121180,121182],{},[44,121181,74303],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121184,121185],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[37,121187,121189],{"className":39,"code":121188,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[44,121190,121191,121201,121215,121240,121255,121265],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121192,121193,121195,121197,121199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121194,167],{"class":166},[47,121196,170],{"class":61},[47,121198,8215],{"class":173},[47,121200,80],{"class":61},[47,121202,121203,121205,121207,121209,121211,121213],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121204,167],{"class":166},[47,121206,170],{"class":61},[47,121208,74393],{"class":166},[47,121210,170],{"class":61},[47,121212,8215],{"class":173},[47,121214,506],{"class":61},[47,121216,121217,121219,121221,121223,121225,121227,121229,121232,121234,121236,121238],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121218,2106],{"class":53},[47,121220,58],{"class":57},[47,121222,8272],{"class":53},[47,121224,30],{"class":61},[47,121226,34680],{"class":173},[47,121228,550],{"class":61},[47,121230,121231],{"class":53},"; ",[47,121233,167],{"class":166},[47,121235,170],{"class":61},[47,121237,2141],{"class":173},[47,121239,80],{"class":61},[47,121241,121242,121244,121246,121248,121250,121253],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121243,167],{"class":166},[47,121245,170],{"class":61},[47,121247,499],{"class":118},[47,121249,170],{"class":61},[47,121251,121252],{"class":173},"my_data",[47,121254,506],{"class":61},[47,121256,121257,121259,121261,121263],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,121258,32031],{"class":166},[47,121260,170],{"class":61},[47,121262,74393],{"class":166},[47,121264,80],{"class":61},[47,121266,121267,121269,121271,121273,121275,121277],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,121268,32031],{"class":166},[47,121270,170],{"class":61},[47,121272,7969],{"class":118},[47,121274,30],{"class":61},[47,121276,34680],{"class":24626},[47,121278,80],{"class":61},[14,121280,84252],{},[291,121282,121283,121286,121290,121298],{},[294,121284,121285],{},"whether your original list changed",[294,121287,25896,121288,11584],{},[44,121289,74303],{},[294,121291,121292,121293,121295,121296],{},"whether ",[44,121294,64191],{}," returned ",[44,121297,3652],{},[294,121299,121300],{},"what type of object you are working with",[32,121302,121304],{"id":121303},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121306,121307],{},"Use this rule:",[291,121309,121310,121318],{},[294,121311,121312,121313,121315,121316],{},"Need a ",[575,121314,119406],{},": use ",[44,121317,74303],{},[294,121319,121320,121321,121315,121324],{},"Need to ",[575,121322,121323],{},"change one list directly",[44,121325,77746],{},[14,121327,121328,121329,121331],{},"For many beginners, ",[44,121330,74303],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[32,121333,1708],{"id":1707},[773,121335,121337,121338,25,121340,2368],{"id":121336},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[44,121339,74303],{},[44,121341,77746],{},[14,121343,121344,121346],{},[44,121345,74303],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[773,121348,5032,121350,5035,121352,2368],{"id":121349},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[44,121351,77746],{},[44,121353,3652],{},[14,121355,121356],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[773,121358,5044,121360,121362],{"id":121359},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[44,121361,74303],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121364,121365],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[773,121367,28206,121369,121371],{"id":121368},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[44,121370,64191],{}," on a string?",[14,121373,46248,121374,121376,121377,39810],{},[44,121375,64191],{}," is a list method. Use ",[44,121378,121379],{},"sorted(string)",[773,121381,11698,121383,4267,121385,121387],{"id":121382},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[44,121384,74303],{},[44,121386,64191],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121389,121390,121391,30],{},"Yes. Both support ",[44,121392,77970],{},[32,121394,1758],{"id":1757},[291,121396,121397,121403,121409,121413,121417],{},[294,121398,121399],{},[21,121400,3448,121401,3381],{"href":74400},[44,121402,74303],{},[294,121404,121405],{},[21,121406,3448,121407,10617],{"href":74654},[44,121408,77746],{},[294,121410,121411],{},[21,121412,79752],{"href":78255},[294,121414,121415],{},[21,121416,120700],{"href":120699},[294,121418,121419],{},[21,121420,52656],{"href":50863},[1796,121422,121423],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":121425},[121426,121427,121428,121432,121436,121439,121443,121447,121452,121462,121463,121464,121476],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":119494,"depth":83,"text":119495},{"id":117597,"depth":83,"text":119319,"children":121429},[121430],{"id":119561,"depth":94,"text":121431},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77812,"depth":83,"text":79774,"children":121433},[121434],{"id":119738,"depth":94,"text":121435},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119834,"depth":83,"text":119835,"children":121437},[121438],{"id":119860,"depth":94,"text":119861},{"id":120066,"depth":83,"text":121440,"children":121441},"When to use sorted()",[121442],{"id":120088,"depth":94,"text":120089},{"id":120223,"depth":83,"text":121444,"children":121445},"When to use list.sort()",[121446],{"id":120246,"depth":94,"text":120247},{"id":120360,"depth":83,"text":121448,"children":121449},"reverse and key work with both",[121450,121451],{"id":120391,"depth":94,"text":120392},{"id":120519,"depth":94,"text":120520},{"id":120703,"depth":83,"text":120704,"children":121453},[121454,121456,121458,121460],{"id":120710,"depth":94,"text":121455},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120834,"depth":94,"text":121457},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120983,"depth":94,"text":121459},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121034,"depth":94,"text":121461},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113601,"depth":83,"text":113602},{"id":121303,"depth":83,"text":121304},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":121465},[121466,121468,121470,121472,121474],{"id":121336,"depth":94,"text":121467},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121349,"depth":94,"text":121469},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121359,"depth":94,"text":121471},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121368,"depth":94,"text":121473},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121382,"depth":94,"text":121475},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119365,"description":121477},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121483,"title":42057,"body":121484,"description":123216,"extension":1837,"meta":123217,"navigation":159,"path":123218,"seo":123219,"stem":123220,"__hash__":123221},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121485,"toc":123173},[121486,121491,121496,121502,121504,121559,121563,121586,121591,121596,121601,121603,121634,121637,121651,121653,121655,121670,121675,121679,121682,121733,121737,121751,121758,121762,121766,121821,121825,121848,121852,121908,121912,121935,121939,121994,121998,122021,122025,122092,122096,122131,122137,122142,122147,122149,122163,122165,122239,122243,122263,122268,122275,122278,122290,122292,122361,122365,122402,122405,122430,122437,122446,122449,122461,122467,122473,122475,122481,122486,122565,122569,122610,122614,122616,122643,122646,122669,122672,122678,122681,122718,122730,122737,122739,122790,122793,122825,122828,122830,122837,122839,122854,122856,122913,122917,122941,122943,122948,122964,122971,122975,122978,123061,123071,123073,123078,123081,123087,123090,123096,123099,123105,123108,123115,123123,123125,123170],[10,121487,3448,121489,3452],{"id":121488},"python-str-function-explained",[44,121490,47567],{},[14,121492,32196,121493,121495],{},[44,121494,47567],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121497,121498,121499,121501],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[44,121500,47567],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[32,121503,35],{"id":34},[37,121505,121507],{"className":39,"code":121506,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[44,121508,121509,121517,121531,121535,121545],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121510,121511,121513,121515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121512,21504],{"class":53},[47,121514,58],{"class":57},[47,121516,45108],{"class":65},[47,121518,121519,121521,121523,121525,121527,121529],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121520,34568],{"class":53},[47,121522,58],{"class":57},[47,121524,48788],{"class":118},[47,121526,170],{"class":61},[47,121528,9174],{"class":173},[47,121530,80],{"class":61},[47,121532,121533],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121534,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,121536,121537,121539,121541,121543],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121538,167],{"class":166},[47,121540,170],{"class":61},[47,121542,34589],{"class":173},[47,121544,80],{"class":61},[47,121546,121547,121549,121551,121553,121555,121557],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,121548,167],{"class":166},[47,121550,170],{"class":61},[47,121552,499],{"class":118},[47,121554,170],{"class":61},[47,121556,34589],{"class":173},[47,121558,506],{"class":61},[14,121560,121561],{},[575,121562,215],{},[37,121564,121566],{"className":39,"code":121565,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[44,121567,121568,121572],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121569,121570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121571,2585],{"class":65},[47,121573,121574,121576,121578,121580,121582,121584],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121575,522],{"class":57},[47,121577,526],{"class":525},[47,121579,265],{"class":125},[47,121581,3315],{"class":129},[47,121583,256],{"class":125},[47,121585,536],{"class":57},[14,121587,1967,121588,121590],{},[44,121589,47567],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[32,121592,3550,121594,3553],{"id":121593},"what-str-does",[44,121595,47567],{},[14,121597,121598,121600],{},[44,121599,47567],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121602,1982],{},[291,121604,121605,121612,121619,121626],{},[294,121606,121607,121608,42036,121610],{},"An integer like ",[44,121609,960],{},[44,121611,42007],{},[294,121613,121614,121615,42036,121617],{},"A float like ",[44,121616,40024],{},[44,121618,47978],{},[294,121620,121621,121622,42036,121624],{},"A boolean like ",[44,121623,3477],{},[44,121625,6514],{},[294,121627,121628,121629,42036,121631],{},"A list like ",[44,121630,75125],{},[44,121632,121633],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121635,121636],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[291,121638,121639,121642,121645,121648],{},[294,121640,121641],{},"print it",[294,121643,121644],{},"combine it with other strings",[294,121646,121647],{},"save it to a file",[294,121649,121650],{},"use it in messages",[32,121652,2032],{"id":2031},[14,121654,7092],{},[37,121656,121658],{"className":39,"code":121657,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"str(object)\n",[44,121659,121660],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121661,121662,121664,121666,121668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121663,3315],{"class":118},[47,121665,170],{"class":61},[47,121667,42280],{"class":118},[47,121669,80],{"class":61},[14,121671,20648,121672,121674],{},[44,121673,42280],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121676,121677,8101],{},[44,121678,47567],{},[14,121680,121681],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[37,121683,121685],{"className":39,"code":121684,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[44,121686,121687,121696,121719,121723],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121688,121689,121691,121693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121690,4971],{"class":53},[47,121692,58],{"class":57},[47,121694,121695],{"class":65}," 100\n",[47,121697,121698,121700,121702,121704,121707,121709,121711,121713,121715,121717],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121699,89886],{"class":53},[47,121701,58],{"class":57},[47,121703,136],{"class":125},[47,121705,121706],{"class":129},"Your score is ",[47,121708,126],{"class":125},[47,121710,2330],{"class":57},[47,121712,48788],{"class":118},[47,121714,170],{"class":61},[47,121716,85399],{"class":173},[47,121718,80],{"class":61},[47,121720,121721],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121722,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,121724,121725,121727,121729,121731],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121726,167],{"class":166},[47,121728,170],{"class":61},[47,121730,89903],{"class":173},[47,121732,80],{"class":61},[14,121734,121735],{},[575,121736,215],{},[37,121738,121740],{"className":39,"code":121739,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Your score is 100\n",[44,121741,121742],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121743,121744,121747,121749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121745,121746],{"class":53},"Your score ",[47,121748,12073],{"class":57},[47,121750,121695],{"class":65},[14,121752,2173,121753,121757],{},[21,121754,121755,2180],{"href":2176},[44,121756,2179],{}," can help you check.",[32,121759,121761],{"id":121760},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[773,121763,121765],{"id":121764},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[37,121767,121769],{"className":39,"code":121768,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[44,121770,121771,121779,121793,121797,121807],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121772,121773,121775,121777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121774,2093],{"class":53},[47,121776,58],{"class":57},[47,121778,2463],{"class":65},[47,121780,121781,121783,121785,121787,121789,121791],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121782,34568],{"class":53},[47,121784,58],{"class":57},[47,121786,48788],{"class":118},[47,121788,170],{"class":61},[47,121790,2116],{"class":173},[47,121792,80],{"class":61},[47,121794,121795],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121796,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,121798,121799,121801,121803,121805],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121800,167],{"class":166},[47,121802,170],{"class":61},[47,121804,34589],{"class":173},[47,121806,80],{"class":61},[47,121808,121809,121811,121813,121815,121817,121819],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,121810,167],{"class":166},[47,121812,170],{"class":61},[47,121814,499],{"class":118},[47,121816,170],{"class":61},[47,121818,34589],{"class":173},[47,121820,506],{"class":61},[14,121822,121823],{},[575,121824,215],{},[37,121826,121828],{"className":39,"code":121827,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[44,121829,121830,121834],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121831,121832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121833,2253],{"class":65},[47,121835,121836,121838,121840,121842,121844,121846],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121837,522],{"class":57},[47,121839,526],{"class":525},[47,121841,265],{"class":125},[47,121843,3315],{"class":129},[47,121845,256],{"class":125},[47,121847,536],{"class":57},[773,121849,121851],{"id":121850},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[37,121853,121855],{"className":39,"code":121854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[44,121856,121857,121866,121880,121884,121894],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121858,121859,121861,121863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121860,40268],{"class":53},[47,121862,58],{"class":57},[47,121864,121865],{"class":65}," 3.14\n",[47,121867,121868,121870,121872,121874,121876,121878],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121869,34568],{"class":53},[47,121871,58],{"class":57},[47,121873,48788],{"class":118},[47,121875,170],{"class":61},[47,121877,25026],{"class":173},[47,121879,80],{"class":61},[47,121881,121882],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121883,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,121885,121886,121888,121890,121892],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121887,167],{"class":166},[47,121889,170],{"class":61},[47,121891,34589],{"class":173},[47,121893,80],{"class":61},[47,121895,121896,121898,121900,121902,121904,121906],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,121897,167],{"class":166},[47,121899,170],{"class":61},[47,121901,499],{"class":118},[47,121903,170],{"class":61},[47,121905,34589],{"class":173},[47,121907,506],{"class":61},[14,121909,121910],{},[575,121911,215],{},[37,121913,121915],{"className":39,"code":121914,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[44,121916,121917,121921],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121918,121919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121920,40058],{"class":65},[47,121922,121923,121925,121927,121929,121931,121933],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121924,522],{"class":57},[47,121926,526],{"class":525},[47,121928,265],{"class":125},[47,121930,3315],{"class":129},[47,121932,256],{"class":125},[47,121934,536],{"class":57},[773,121936,121938],{"id":121937},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[37,121940,121942],{"className":39,"code":121941,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[44,121943,121944,121952,121966,121970,121980],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,121945,121946,121948,121950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121947,588],{"class":53},[47,121949,58],{"class":57},[47,121951,6297],{"class":412},[47,121953,121954,121956,121958,121960,121962,121964],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121955,34568],{"class":53},[47,121957,58],{"class":57},[47,121959,48788],{"class":118},[47,121961,170],{"class":61},[47,121963,605],{"class":173},[47,121965,80],{"class":61},[47,121967,121968],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121969,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,121971,121972,121974,121976,121978],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121973,167],{"class":166},[47,121975,170],{"class":61},[47,121977,34589],{"class":173},[47,121979,80],{"class":61},[47,121981,121982,121984,121986,121988,121990,121992],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,121983,167],{"class":166},[47,121985,170],{"class":61},[47,121987,499],{"class":118},[47,121989,170],{"class":61},[47,121991,34589],{"class":173},[47,121993,506],{"class":61},[14,121995,121996],{},[575,121997,215],{},[37,121999,122001],{"className":39,"code":122000,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[44,122002,122003,122007],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122004,122005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122006,3852],{"class":412},[47,122008,122009,122011,122013,122015,122017,122019],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122010,522],{"class":57},[47,122012,526],{"class":525},[47,122014,265],{"class":125},[47,122016,3315],{"class":129},[47,122018,256],{"class":125},[47,122020,536],{"class":57},[773,122022,122024],{"id":122023},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[37,122026,122028],{"className":39,"code":122027,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[44,122029,122030,122050,122064,122068,122078],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122031,122032,122034,122036,122038,122040,122042,122044,122046,122048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122033,7654],{"class":53},[47,122035,58],{"class":57},[47,122037,957],{"class":61},[47,122039,66],{"class":65},[47,122041,69],{"class":61},[47,122043,72],{"class":65},[47,122045,69],{"class":61},[47,122047,77],{"class":65},[47,122049,1402],{"class":61},[47,122051,122052,122054,122056,122058,122060,122062],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122053,34568],{"class":53},[47,122055,58],{"class":57},[47,122057,48788],{"class":118},[47,122059,170],{"class":61},[47,122061,7684],{"class":173},[47,122063,80],{"class":61},[47,122065,122066],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122067,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,122069,122070,122072,122074,122076],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,122071,167],{"class":166},[47,122073,170],{"class":61},[47,122075,34589],{"class":173},[47,122077,80],{"class":61},[47,122079,122080,122082,122084,122086,122088,122090],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,122081,167],{"class":166},[47,122083,170],{"class":61},[47,122085,499],{"class":118},[47,122087,170],{"class":61},[47,122089,34589],{"class":173},[47,122091,506],{"class":61},[14,122093,122094],{},[575,122095,215],{},[37,122097,122099],{"className":39,"code":122098,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[44,122100,122101,122117],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122102,122103,122105,122107,122109,122111,122113,122115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122104,3773],{"class":61},[47,122106,66],{"class":65},[47,122108,69],{"class":61},[47,122110,72],{"class":65},[47,122112,69],{"class":61},[47,122114,77],{"class":65},[47,122116,1402],{"class":61},[47,122118,122119,122121,122123,122125,122127,122129],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122120,522],{"class":57},[47,122122,526],{"class":525},[47,122124,265],{"class":125},[47,122126,3315],{"class":129},[47,122128,256],{"class":125},[47,122130,536],{"class":57},[14,122132,122133,122134,122136],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[575,122135,577],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[32,122138,4836,122140],{"id":122139},"when-to-use-str",[44,122141,47567],{},[14,122143,1967,122144,122146],{},[44,122145,47567],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122148,36307],{},[291,122150,122151,122154,122157,122160],{},[294,122152,122153],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[294,122155,122156],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[294,122158,122159],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[294,122161,122162],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122164,2083],{},[37,122166,122168],{"className":39,"code":122167,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[44,122169,122170,122182,122190,122194,122229],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122171,122172,122174,122176,122178,122180],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122173,7751],{"class":53},[47,122175,58],{"class":57},[47,122177,136],{"class":125},[47,122179,11387],{"class":129},[47,122181,3230],{"class":125},[47,122183,122184,122186,122188],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122185,21504],{"class":53},[47,122187,58],{"class":57},[47,122189,45108],{"class":65},[47,122191,122192],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122193,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,122195,122196,122198,122200,122202,122204,122206,122208,122210,122212,122214,122216,122218,122220,122222,122224,122227],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,122197,89886],{"class":53},[47,122199,58],{"class":57},[47,122201,35851],{"class":53},[47,122203,1934],{"class":57},[47,122205,136],{"class":125},[47,122207,4658],{"class":129},[47,122209,126],{"class":125},[47,122211,2330],{"class":57},[47,122213,48788],{"class":118},[47,122215,170],{"class":61},[47,122217,9174],{"class":173},[47,122219,3533],{"class":61},[47,122221,2330],{"class":57},[47,122223,136],{"class":125},[47,122225,122226],{"class":129}," years old.",[47,122228,3230],{"class":125},[47,122230,122231,122233,122235,122237],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,122232,167],{"class":166},[47,122234,170],{"class":61},[47,122236,89903],{"class":173},[47,122238,80],{"class":61},[14,122240,122241],{},[575,122242,215],{},[37,122244,122246],{"className":39,"code":122245,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[44,122247,122248],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122249,122250,122253,122255,122257,122260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122251,122252],{"class":53},"Maya ",[47,122254,12073],{"class":57},[47,122256,9181],{"class":65},[47,122258,122259],{"class":53}," years old",[47,122261,122262],{"class":61},".\n",[14,122264,122265,122266,30],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[21,122267,89572],{"href":89571},[32,122269,122271,10461,122273],{"id":122270},"str-vs-print",[44,122272,47567],{},[44,122274,46335],{},[14,122276,122277],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[291,122279,122280,122285],{},[294,122281,122282,122284],{},[44,122283,47567],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[294,122286,122287,122289],{},[44,122288,46335],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122291,2083],{},[37,122293,122295],{"className":39,"code":122294,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[44,122296,122297,122305,122309,122323,122333,122347],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122298,122299,122301,122303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122300,588],{"class":53},[47,122302,58],{"class":57},[47,122304,2645],{"class":65},[47,122306,122307],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122308,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,122310,122311,122313,122315,122317,122319,122321],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122312,34568],{"class":53},[47,122314,58],{"class":57},[47,122316,48788],{"class":118},[47,122318,170],{"class":61},[47,122320,605],{"class":173},[47,122322,80],{"class":61},[47,122324,122325,122327,122329,122331],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,122326,167],{"class":166},[47,122328,170],{"class":61},[47,122330,34589],{"class":173},[47,122332,80],{"class":61},[47,122334,122335,122337,122339,122341,122343,122345],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,122336,167],{"class":166},[47,122338,170],{"class":61},[47,122340,499],{"class":118},[47,122342,170],{"class":61},[47,122344,34589],{"class":173},[47,122346,506],{"class":61},[47,122348,122349,122351,122353,122355,122357,122359],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,122350,167],{"class":166},[47,122352,170],{"class":61},[47,122354,499],{"class":118},[47,122356,170],{"class":61},[47,122358,605],{"class":173},[47,122360,506],{"class":61},[14,122362,122363],{},[575,122364,215],{},[37,122366,122368],{"className":39,"code":122367,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[44,122369,122370,122374,122388],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122371,122372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122373,46495],{"class":65},[47,122375,122376,122378,122380,122382,122384,122386],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122377,522],{"class":57},[47,122379,526],{"class":525},[47,122381,265],{"class":125},[47,122383,3315],{"class":129},[47,122385,256],{"class":125},[47,122387,536],{"class":57},[47,122389,122390,122392,122394,122396,122398,122400],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122391,522],{"class":57},[47,122393,526],{"class":525},[47,122395,265],{"class":125},[47,122397,644],{"class":129},[47,122399,256],{"class":125},[47,122401,536],{"class":57},[14,122403,122404],{},"Notice:",[291,122406,122407,122413,122418],{},[294,122408,122409,122412],{},[44,122410,122411],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[294,122414,122415,122417],{},[44,122416,46335],{}," only displayed values",[294,122419,122420,122422,122423,122425,122426,61182,122428],{},[44,122421,46335],{}," did not change ",[44,122424,605],{}," from ",[44,122427,644],{},[44,122429,3315],{},[14,122431,122432,122433,30],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[21,122434,122435,2180],{"href":46332},[44,122436,46335],{},[32,122438,122440,10461,122442,122445],{"id":122439},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[44,122441,47567],{},[44,122443,122444],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122447,122448],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[291,122450,122451,122456],{},[294,122452,122453,122455],{},[44,122454,47567],{}," is the more readable text version",[294,122457,122458,122460],{},[44,122459,122444],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122462,122463,122464,122466],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[44,122465,47567],{}," much more often.",[14,122468,122469,122470,122472],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[44,122471,47567],{}," is usually the right choice.",[32,122474,4393],{"id":4392},[773,122476,25651,122478,122480],{"id":122477},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[44,122479,47567],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122482,122483,122485],{},[44,122484,47567],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[37,122487,122489],{"className":39,"code":122488,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[44,122490,122491,122499,122513,122517,122527,122541,122551],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122492,122493,122495,122497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122494,21504],{"class":53},[47,122496,58],{"class":57},[47,122498,45108],{"class":65},[47,122500,122501,122503,122505,122507,122509,122511],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122502,34568],{"class":53},[47,122504,58],{"class":57},[47,122506,48788],{"class":118},[47,122508,170],{"class":61},[47,122510,9174],{"class":173},[47,122512,80],{"class":61},[47,122514,122515],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122516,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,122518,122519,122521,122523,122525],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,122520,167],{"class":166},[47,122522,170],{"class":61},[47,122524,9174],{"class":173},[47,122526,80],{"class":61},[47,122528,122529,122531,122533,122535,122537,122539],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,122530,167],{"class":166},[47,122532,170],{"class":61},[47,122534,499],{"class":118},[47,122536,170],{"class":61},[47,122538,9174],{"class":173},[47,122540,506],{"class":61},[47,122542,122543,122545,122547,122549],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,122544,167],{"class":166},[47,122546,170],{"class":61},[47,122548,34589],{"class":173},[47,122550,80],{"class":61},[47,122552,122553,122555,122557,122559,122561,122563],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,122554,167],{"class":166},[47,122556,170],{"class":61},[47,122558,499],{"class":118},[47,122560,170],{"class":61},[47,122562,34589],{"class":173},[47,122564,506],{"class":61},[14,122566,122567],{},[575,122568,215],{},[37,122570,122572],{"className":39,"code":122571,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[44,122573,122574,122578,122592,122596],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122575,122576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122577,2585],{"class":65},[47,122579,122580,122582,122584,122586,122588,122590],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122581,522],{"class":57},[47,122583,526],{"class":525},[47,122585,265],{"class":125},[47,122587,644],{"class":129},[47,122589,256],{"class":125},[47,122591,536],{"class":57},[47,122593,122594],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122595,2585],{"class":65},[47,122597,122598,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,122599,522],{"class":57},[47,122601,526],{"class":525},[47,122603,265],{"class":125},[47,122605,3315],{"class":129},[47,122607,256],{"class":125},[47,122609,536],{"class":57},[773,122611,122613],{"id":122612},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122615,6561],{},[37,122617,122619],{"className":39,"code":122618,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[44,122620,122621,122629],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122622,122623,122625,122627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122624,21504],{"class":53},[47,122626,58],{"class":57},[47,122628,45108],{"class":65},[47,122630,122631,122633,122635,122637,122639,122641],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122632,34568],{"class":53},[47,122634,58],{"class":57},[47,122636,48788],{"class":118},[47,122638,170],{"class":61},[47,122640,9174],{"class":173},[47,122642,80],{"class":61},[14,122644,122645],{},"But if you only do this:",[37,122647,122649],{"className":39,"code":122648,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[44,122650,122651,122659],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122652,122653,122655,122657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122654,21504],{"class":53},[47,122656,58],{"class":57},[47,122658,45108],{"class":65},[47,122660,122661,122663,122665,122667],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122662,3315],{"class":118},[47,122664,170],{"class":61},[47,122666,9174],{"class":173},[47,122668,80],{"class":61},[14,122670,122671],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[773,122673,8294,122675,122677],{"id":122674},"using-str-too-early",[44,122676,47567],{}," too early",[14,122679,122680],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[37,122682,122684],{"className":39,"code":122683,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[44,122685,122686,122694,122709,122713],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122687,122688,122690,122692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122689,40268],{"class":53},[47,122691,58],{"class":57},[47,122693,2463],{"class":65},[47,122695,122696,122699,122701,122703,122705,122707],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122697,122698],{"class":53},"text_price ",[47,122700,58],{"class":57},[47,122702,48788],{"class":118},[47,122704,170],{"class":61},[47,122706,25026],{"class":173},[47,122708,80],{"class":61},[47,122710,122711],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122712,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,122714,122715],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,122716,122717],{"class":1494},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122719,122720,122721,25,122725,122729],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[21,122722,122723],{"href":2750},[44,122724,2753],{},[21,122726,122727],{"href":2756},[44,122728,2759],{},", depending on the situation.",[773,122731,8330,122733,122736],{"id":122732},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[44,122734,122735],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122738,1509],{},[37,122740,122742],{"className":39,"code":122741,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[44,122743,122744,122776],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122745,122746,122748,122750,122752,122754,122756,122758,122760,122762,122764,122766,122768,122770,122772,122774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122747,7654],{"class":53},[47,122749,58],{"class":57},[47,122751,957],{"class":61},[47,122753,126],{"class":125},[47,122755,405],{"class":129},[47,122757,126],{"class":125},[47,122759,69],{"class":61},[47,122761,136],{"class":125},[47,122763,3960],{"class":129},[47,122765,126],{"class":125},[47,122767,69],{"class":61},[47,122769,136],{"class":125},[47,122771,33100],{"class":129},[47,122773,126],{"class":125},[47,122775,1402],{"class":61},[47,122777,122778,122780,122782,122784,122786,122788],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122779,167],{"class":166},[47,122781,170],{"class":61},[47,122783,3315],{"class":118},[47,122785,170],{"class":61},[47,122787,7684],{"class":173},[47,122789,506],{"class":61},[14,122791,122792],{},"prints:",[37,122794,122795],{"className":39,"code":72715,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,122796,122797],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122798,122799,122801,122803,122805,122807,122809,122811,122813,122815,122817,122819,122821,122823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122800,3773],{"class":61},[47,122802,256],{"class":125},[47,122804,405],{"class":129},[47,122806,256],{"class":125},[47,122808,69],{"class":61},[47,122810,265],{"class":125},[47,122812,3960],{"class":129},[47,122814,256],{"class":125},[47,122816,69],{"class":61},[47,122818,265],{"class":125},[47,122820,33100],{"class":129},[47,122822,256],{"class":125},[47,122824,1402],{"class":61},[14,122826,122827],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[32,122829,17296],{"id":17295},[14,122831,122832,21851,122834,30],{},[44,122833,47567],{},[575,122835,122836],{},"new string",[14,122838,11336],{},[291,122840,122841,122844,122847],{},[294,122842,122843],{},"It always returns a string",[294,122845,122846],{},"It does not modify the original object",[294,122848,7637,122849,122853],{},[21,122850,122851],{"href":2176},[44,122852,2179],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122855,2083],{},[37,122857,122859],{"className":39,"code":122858,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[44,122860,122861,122869,122884,122888,122899],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122862,122863,122865,122867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122864,588],{"class":53},[47,122866,58],{"class":57},[47,122868,14009],{"class":65},[47,122870,122871,122874,122876,122878,122880,122882],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122872,122873],{"class":53},"converted ",[47,122875,58],{"class":57},[47,122877,48788],{"class":118},[47,122879,170],{"class":61},[47,122881,605],{"class":173},[47,122883,80],{"class":61},[47,122885,122886],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122887,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,122889,122890,122892,122894,122897],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,122891,167],{"class":166},[47,122893,170],{"class":61},[47,122895,122896],{"class":173},"converted",[47,122898,80],{"class":61},[47,122900,122901,122903,122905,122907,122909,122911],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,122902,167],{"class":166},[47,122904,170],{"class":61},[47,122906,499],{"class":118},[47,122908,170],{"class":61},[47,122910,122896],{"class":173},[47,122912,506],{"class":61},[14,122914,122915],{},[575,122916,215],{},[37,122918,122920],{"className":39,"code":122919,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[44,122921,122922,122927],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122923,122924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122925,122926],{"class":65},"99\n",[47,122928,122929,122931,122933,122935,122937,122939],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122930,522],{"class":57},[47,122932,526],{"class":525},[47,122934,265],{"class":125},[47,122936,3315],{"class":129},[47,122938,256],{"class":125},[47,122940,536],{"class":57},[32,122942,113602],{"id":113601},[14,122944,122945,122946,74694],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[44,122947,47567],{},[291,122949,122950,122953,122956,122961],{},[294,122951,122952],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[294,122954,122955],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[294,122957,8294,122958,122960],{},[44,122959,47567],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[294,122962,122963],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,122965,122966,122967,30],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[21,122968,25556,122969],{"href":90284},[44,122970,90285],{},[32,122972,122974],{"id":122973},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,122976,122977],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[37,122979,122981],{"className":39,"code":122980,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[44,122982,122983,122991,122995,123005,123019,123023,123037,123047],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,122984,122985,122987,122989],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122986,588],{"class":53},[47,122988,58],{"class":57},[47,122990,45108],{"class":65},[47,122992,122993],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122994,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,122996,122997,122999,123001,123003],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122998,167],{"class":166},[47,123000,170],{"class":61},[47,123002,605],{"class":173},[47,123004,80],{"class":61},[47,123006,123007,123009,123011,123013,123015,123017],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,123008,167],{"class":166},[47,123010,170],{"class":61},[47,123012,499],{"class":118},[47,123014,170],{"class":61},[47,123016,605],{"class":173},[47,123018,506],{"class":61},[47,123020,123021],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,123022,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,123024,123025,123027,123029,123031,123033,123035],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,123026,122873],{"class":53},[47,123028,58],{"class":57},[47,123030,48788],{"class":118},[47,123032,170],{"class":61},[47,123034,605],{"class":173},[47,123036,80],{"class":61},[47,123038,123039,123041,123043,123045],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,123040,167],{"class":166},[47,123042,170],{"class":61},[47,123044,122896],{"class":173},[47,123046,80],{"class":61},[47,123048,123049,123051,123053,123055,123057,123059],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,123050,167],{"class":166},[47,123052,170],{"class":61},[47,123054,499],{"class":118},[47,123056,170],{"class":61},[47,123058,122896],{"class":173},[47,123060,506],{"class":61},[14,123062,123063,123064,2064,123066,123068,123069,30],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[44,123065,644],{},[44,123067,2067],{},", or another type into ",[44,123070,3315],{},[32,123072,1708],{"id":1707},[773,123074,1744,123076,5020],{"id":123075},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[44,123077,47567],{},[14,123079,123080],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[773,123082,12584,123084,123086],{"id":123083},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[44,123085,47567],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123088,123089],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[773,123091,5044,123093,123095],{"id":123092},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[44,123094,47567],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123097,123098],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[773,123100,94470,123102,123104],{"id":123101},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[44,123103,47567],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123106,123107],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[773,123109,14782,123111,57088,123113,2368],{"id":123110},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[44,123112,47567],{},[44,123114,46335],{},[14,123116,46248,123117,123119,123120,123122],{},[44,123118,47567],{}," converts to text. ",[44,123121,46335],{}," shows output.",[32,123124,1758],{"id":1757},[291,123126,123127,123133,123139,123145,123151,123160,123164],{},[294,123128,123129],{},[21,123130,123131,3381],{"href":46332},[44,123132,46335],{},[294,123134,123135],{},[21,123136,123137,3381],{"href":2176},[44,123138,2179],{},[294,123140,123141],{},[21,123142,123143,3381],{"href":2750},[44,123144,2753],{},[294,123146,123147],{},[21,123148,123149,3381],{"href":2756},[44,123150,2759],{},[294,123152,123153],{},[21,123154,123156,123157,123159],{"href":123155},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[44,123158,644],{}," to string in Python",[294,123161,123162],{},[21,123163,90562],{"href":89571},[294,123165,123166],{},[21,123167,30225,123168],{"href":90284},[44,123169,90285],{},[1796,123171,123172],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":123174},[123175,123176,123178,123179,123185,123187,123189,123191,123200,123201,123202,123203,123215],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":121593,"depth":83,"text":123177},"What str() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":121760,"depth":83,"text":121761,"children":123180},[123181,123182,123183,123184],{"id":121764,"depth":94,"text":121765},{"id":121850,"depth":94,"text":121851},{"id":121937,"depth":94,"text":121938},{"id":122023,"depth":94,"text":122024},{"id":122139,"depth":83,"text":123186},"When to use str()",{"id":122270,"depth":83,"text":123188},"str() vs print()",{"id":122439,"depth":83,"text":123190},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":123192},[123193,123195,123196,123198],{"id":122477,"depth":94,"text":123194},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122612,"depth":94,"text":122613},{"id":122674,"depth":94,"text":123197},"Using str() too early",{"id":122732,"depth":94,"text":123199},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":113601,"depth":83,"text":113602},{"id":122973,"depth":83,"text":122974},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":123204},[123205,123207,123209,123211,123213],{"id":123075,"depth":94,"text":123206},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123083,"depth":94,"text":123208},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123092,"depth":94,"text":123210},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123101,"depth":94,"text":123212},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123110,"depth":94,"text":123214},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42057,"description":123216},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123223,"title":123224,"body":123225,"description":124678,"extension":1837,"meta":124679,"navigation":159,"path":124680,"seo":124681,"stem":124682,"__hash__":124683},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123226,"toc":124640},[123227,123233,123239,123242,123264,123266,123328,123330,123343,123349,123354,123359,123361,123374,123385,123387,123414,123416,123433,123440,123451,123453,123458,123460,123472,123480,123489,123491,123494,123547,123549,123557,123565,123569,123574,123614,123616,123624,123627,123629,123669,123671,123679,123689,123695,123698,123771,123773,123786,123790,123795,123823,123826,123861,123863,123871,123874,123878,123882,123884,123900,123902,123942,123944,123952,123961,124004,124006,124014,124016,124020,124026,124029,124069,124071,124079,124084,124087,124130,124134,124137,124172,124177,124179,124218,124228,124236,124246,124254,124258,124263,124265,124306,124308,124316,124321,124324,124327,124345,124351,124355,124360,124363,124403,124405,124410,124509,124512,124528,124530,124549,124551,124558,124561,124567,124570,124576,124580,124586,124589,124595,124598,124600,124637],[10,123228,123230,123231,11199],{"id":123229},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[44,123232,57173],{},[14,123234,123235,123236,123238],{},"The Python string ",[44,123237,57173],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123240,123241],{},"This reference page explains:",[291,123243,123244,123248,123251,123253,123261],{},[294,123245,25896,123246,3553],{},[44,123247,57173],{},[294,123249,123250],{},"its syntax",[294,123252,35276],{},[294,123254,123255,123256,4267,123258,123260],{},"how ",[44,123257,35955],{},[44,123259,52545],{}," work",[294,123262,123263],{},"common beginner mistakes",[32,123265,35],{"id":34},[37,123267,123269],{"className":39,"code":123268,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[44,123270,123271,123283,123305],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123272,123273,123275,123277,123279,123281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123274,34568],{"class":53},[47,123276,58],{"class":57},[47,123278,136],{"class":125},[47,123280,3960],{"class":129},[47,123282,3230],{"class":125},[47,123284,123285,123287,123289,123291,123293,123295,123297,123299,123301,123303],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123286,167],{"class":166},[47,123288,170],{"class":61},[47,123290,34589],{"class":173},[47,123292,30],{"class":61},[47,123294,41141],{"class":173},[47,123296,170],{"class":61},[47,123298,126],{"class":125},[47,123300,21],{"class":129},[47,123302,126],{"class":125},[47,123304,506],{"class":61},[47,123306,123307,123309,123311,123313,123315,123317,123319,123321,123324,123326],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,123308,167],{"class":166},[47,123310,170],{"class":61},[47,123312,34589],{"class":173},[47,123314,30],{"class":61},[47,123316,41141],{"class":173},[47,123318,170],{"class":61},[47,123320,126],{"class":125},[47,123322,123323],{"class":129},"na",[47,123325,126],{"class":125},[47,123327,506],{"class":61},[14,123329,215],{},[37,123331,123333],{"className":39,"code":123332,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3\n2\n",[44,123334,123335,123339],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123336,123337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123338,46500],{"class":65},[47,123340,123341],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123342,16933],{"class":65},[14,123344,1967,123345,123348],{},[44,123346,123347],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[32,123350,12876,123352,12879],{"id":123351},"what-the-count-method-does",[44,123353,57173],{},[14,123355,123356,123358],{},[44,123357,57173],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123360,12932],{},[291,123362,123363,123366,123369,123371],{},[294,123364,123365],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[294,123367,123368],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[294,123370,43540],{},[294,123372,123373],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123375,123376,123377,123379,123380,2064,123382,123384],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[44,123378,17972],{}," characters are in ",[44,123381,65153],{},[44,123383,57173],{}," is a simple choice.",[32,123386,2032],{"id":2031},[37,123388,123390],{"className":39,"code":123389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[44,123391,123392],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123393,123394,123396,123398,123400,123402,123404,123406,123408,123410,123412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123395,61055],{"class":53},[47,123397,30],{"class":61},[47,123399,41141],{"class":173},[47,123401,170],{"class":61},[47,123403,605],{"class":173},[47,123405,69],{"class":61},[47,123407,35934],{"class":173},[47,123409,69],{"class":61},[47,123411,64919],{"class":173},[47,123413,80],{"class":61},[773,123415,17272],{"id":17271},[291,123417,123418,123423,123428],{},[294,123419,123420,123422],{},[44,123421,605],{},": the text to search for",[294,123424,123425,123427],{},[44,123426,35955],{},": optional; where counting begins",[294,123429,123430,123432],{},[44,123431,52545],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123434,123435,4267,123437,123439],{},[44,123436,35955],{},[44,123438,52545],{}," work like slice positions:",[291,123441,123442,123447],{},[294,123443,123444,123446],{},[44,123445,35955],{}," is included",[294,123448,123449,75620],{},[44,123450,52545],{},[32,123452,17296],{"id":17295},[14,123454,123455,123457],{},[44,123456,57173],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123459,2000],{},[291,123461,123462,123467],{},[294,123463,123464,123465],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[44,123466,1937],{},[294,123468,123469,123470],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[44,123471,1237],{},[14,123473,40787,123474,5035,123476,25,123478,30],{},[575,123475,577],{},[44,123477,3477],{},[44,123479,3546],{},[14,123481,123482,123483,123488],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[21,123484,123486,101480],{"href":123485},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[44,123487,3756],{}," is often a better fit.",[32,123490,11353],{"id":11352},[14,123492,123493],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[37,123495,123497],{"className":39,"code":123496,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,123498,123499,123511,123533,123537],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123500,123501,123503,123505,123507,123509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123502,34568],{"class":53},[47,123504,58],{"class":57},[47,123506,136],{"class":125},[47,123508,405],{"class":129},[47,123510,3230],{"class":125},[47,123512,123513,123515,123517,123519,123521,123523,123525,123527,123529,123531],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123514,2106],{"class":53},[47,123516,58],{"class":57},[47,123518,42723],{"class":53},[47,123520,30],{"class":61},[47,123522,41141],{"class":173},[47,123524,170],{"class":61},[47,123526,126],{"class":125},[47,123528,14],{"class":129},[47,123530,126],{"class":125},[47,123532,80],{"class":61},[47,123534,123535],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,123536,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,123538,123539,123541,123543,123545],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,123540,167],{"class":166},[47,123542,170],{"class":61},[47,123544,2141],{"class":173},[47,123546,80],{"class":61},[14,123548,215],{},[37,123550,123551],{"className":39,"code":16933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,123552,123553],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123554,123555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123556,16933],{"class":65},[14,123558,63699,123559,123562,123563,30],{},[44,123560,123561],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[44,123564,57716],{},[32,123566,123568],{"id":123567},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123570,123571,123573],{},[44,123572,57173],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[37,123575,123577],{"className":39,"code":123576,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[44,123578,123579,123592],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123580,123581,123583,123585,123587,123590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123582,34568],{"class":53},[47,123584,58],{"class":57},[47,123586,136],{"class":125},[47,123588,123589],{"class":129},"cat dog cat bird cat",[47,123591,3230],{"class":125},[47,123593,123594,123596,123598,123600,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610,123612],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123595,167],{"class":166},[47,123597,170],{"class":61},[47,123599,34589],{"class":173},[47,123601,30],{"class":61},[47,123603,41141],{"class":173},[47,123605,170],{"class":61},[47,123607,126],{"class":125},[47,123609,36929],{"class":129},[47,123611,126],{"class":125},[47,123613,506],{"class":61},[14,123615,215],{},[37,123617,123618],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,123619,123620],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123621,123622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123623,46500],{"class":65},[14,123625,123626],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123628,2083],{},[37,123630,123632],{"className":39,"code":123631,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[44,123633,123634,123647],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123635,123636,123638,123640,123642,123645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123637,34568],{"class":53},[47,123639,58],{"class":57},[47,123641,136],{"class":125},[47,123643,123644],{"class":129},"one One one",[47,123646,3230],{"class":125},[47,123648,123649,123651,123653,123655,123657,123659,123661,123663,123665,123667],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123650,167],{"class":166},[47,123652,170],{"class":61},[47,123654,34589],{"class":173},[47,123656,30],{"class":61},[47,123658,41141],{"class":173},[47,123660,170],{"class":61},[47,123662,126],{"class":125},[47,123664,6458],{"class":129},[47,123666,126],{"class":125},[47,123668,506],{"class":61},[14,123670,215],{},[37,123672,123673],{"className":39,"code":16933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,123674,123675],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123676,123677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123678,16933],{"class":65},[14,123680,123681,123682,123685,123686,123688],{},"The uppercase ",[44,123683,123684],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[44,123687,57173],{}," is case-sensitive.",[32,123690,8294,123691,4267,123693],{"id":65285},[44,123692,35955],{},[44,123694,52545],{},[14,123696,123697],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[37,123699,123701],{"className":39,"code":123700,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[44,123702,123703,123715,123741],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123704,123705,123707,123709,123711,123713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123706,34568],{"class":53},[47,123708,58],{"class":57},[47,123710,136],{"class":125},[47,123712,3960],{"class":129},[47,123714,3230],{"class":125},[47,123716,123717,123719,123721,123723,123725,123727,123729,123731,123733,123735,123737,123739],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123718,167],{"class":166},[47,123720,170],{"class":61},[47,123722,34589],{"class":173},[47,123724,30],{"class":61},[47,123726,41141],{"class":173},[47,123728,170],{"class":61},[47,123730,126],{"class":125},[47,123732,21],{"class":129},[47,123734,126],{"class":125},[47,123736,69],{"class":61},[47,123738,72],{"class":65},[47,123740,506],{"class":61},[47,123742,123743,123745,123747,123749,123751,123753,123755,123757,123759,123761,123763,123765,123767,123769],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,123744,167],{"class":166},[47,123746,170],{"class":61},[47,123748,34589],{"class":173},[47,123750,30],{"class":61},[47,123752,41141],{"class":173},[47,123754,170],{"class":61},[47,123756,126],{"class":125},[47,123758,21],{"class":129},[47,123760,126],{"class":125},[47,123762,69],{"class":61},[47,123764,72],{"class":65},[47,123766,69],{"class":61},[47,123768,4480],{"class":65},[47,123770,506],{"class":61},[14,123772,215],{},[37,123774,123776],{"className":39,"code":123775,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"2\n1\n",[44,123777,123778,123782],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123779,123780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123781,16933],{"class":65},[47,123783,123784],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123785,46800],{"class":65},[773,123787,123789],{"id":123788},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123791,123792,123793,2760],{},"In ",[44,123794,65153],{},[291,123796,123797,123805,123813],{},[294,123798,70844,123799,123801,123802],{},[44,123800,1931],{}," starts at the first ",[44,123803,123804],{},"\"n\"",[294,123806,123807,123810,123811,75918],{},[44,123808,123809],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[44,123812,1931],{},[294,123814,123815,123810,123818,123820,123821],{},[44,123816,123817],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[44,123819,1931],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[44,123822,104],{},[14,123824,123825],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[37,123827,123829],{"className":39,"code":123828,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[44,123830,123831,123843],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123832,123833,123835,123837,123839,123841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123834,34568],{"class":53},[47,123836,58],{"class":57},[47,123838,136],{"class":125},[47,123840,3960],{"class":129},[47,123842,3230],{"class":125},[47,123844,123845,123847,123849,123851,123853,123855,123857,123859],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123846,167],{"class":166},[47,123848,170],{"class":61},[47,123850,34589],{"class":173},[47,123852,3773],{"class":61},[47,123854,1931],{"class":65},[47,123856,2760],{"class":61},[47,123858,104],{"class":65},[47,123860,153],{"class":61},[14,123862,215],{},[37,123864,123865],{"className":39,"code":41350,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,123866,123867],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123868,123869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123870,41350],{"class":53},[14,123872,123873],{},"Only that section is searched.",[32,123875,123877],{"id":123876},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123879,123880,123688],{},[44,123881,57173],{},[14,123883,1982],{},[291,123885,123886,123894],{},[294,123887,123888,4267,123890,123893],{},[44,123889,17972],{},[44,123891,123892],{},"\"A\""," are different",[294,123895,123896,4267,123898,123893],{},[44,123897,64414],{},[44,123899,90297],{},[14,123901,2083],{},[37,123903,123905],{"className":39,"code":123904,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[44,123906,123907,123920],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123908,123909,123911,123913,123915,123918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123910,34568],{"class":53},[47,123912,58],{"class":57},[47,123914,136],{"class":125},[47,123916,123917],{"class":129},"Apple apple APPLE",[47,123919,3230],{"class":125},[47,123921,123922,123924,123926,123928,123930,123932,123934,123936,123938,123940],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123923,167],{"class":166},[47,123925,170],{"class":61},[47,123927,34589],{"class":173},[47,123929,30],{"class":61},[47,123931,41141],{"class":173},[47,123933,170],{"class":61},[47,123935,126],{"class":125},[47,123937,405],{"class":129},[47,123939,126],{"class":125},[47,123941,506],{"class":61},[14,123943,215],{},[37,123945,123946],{"className":39,"code":46800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,123947,123948],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123949,123950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123951,46800],{"class":65},[14,123953,123954,123955,2760],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[21,123956,123958],{"href":123957},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[44,123959,123960],{},"lower()",[37,123962,123964],{"className":39,"code":123963,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[44,123965,123966,123978],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,123967,123968,123970,123972,123974,123976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123969,34568],{"class":53},[47,123971,58],{"class":57},[47,123973,136],{"class":125},[47,123975,123917],{"class":129},[47,123977,3230],{"class":125},[47,123979,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992,123994,123996,123998,124000,124002],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123981,167],{"class":166},[47,123983,170],{"class":61},[47,123985,34589],{"class":173},[47,123987,30],{"class":61},[47,123989,8518],{"class":173},[47,123991,8515],{"class":61},[47,123993,41141],{"class":173},[47,123995,170],{"class":61},[47,123997,126],{"class":125},[47,123999,405],{"class":129},[47,124001,126],{"class":125},[47,124003,506],{"class":61},[14,124005,215],{},[37,124007,124008],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,124009,124010],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124011,124012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124013,46500],{"class":65},[32,124015,1284],{"id":1283},[14,124017,22971,124018,30],{},[44,124019,57173],{},[773,124021,8330,124023,124025],{"id":124022},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[44,124024,57173],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124027,124028],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[37,124030,124032],{"className":39,"code":124031,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[44,124033,124034,124047],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124035,124036,124038,124040,124042,124045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124037,34568],{"class":53},[47,124039,58],{"class":57},[47,124041,136],{"class":125},[47,124043,124044],{"class":129},"Aardvark",[47,124046,3230],{"class":125},[47,124048,124049,124051,124053,124055,124057,124059,124061,124063,124065,124067],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124050,167],{"class":166},[47,124052,170],{"class":61},[47,124054,34589],{"class":173},[47,124056,30],{"class":61},[47,124058,41141],{"class":173},[47,124060,170],{"class":61},[47,124062,126],{"class":125},[47,124064,21],{"class":129},[47,124066,126],{"class":125},[47,124068,506],{"class":61},[14,124070,215],{},[37,124072,124073],{"className":39,"code":16933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,124074,124075],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124076,124077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124078,16933],{"class":65},[14,124080,123681,124081,124083],{},[44,124082,123892],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124085,124086],{},"If needed, convert first:",[37,124088,124090],{"className":39,"code":124089,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[44,124091,124092,124104],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124093,124094,124096,124098,124100,124102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124095,34568],{"class":53},[47,124097,58],{"class":57},[47,124099,136],{"class":125},[47,124101,124044],{"class":129},[47,124103,3230],{"class":125},[47,124105,124106,124108,124110,124112,124114,124116,124118,124120,124122,124124,124126,124128],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124107,167],{"class":166},[47,124109,170],{"class":61},[47,124111,34589],{"class":173},[47,124113,30],{"class":61},[47,124115,8518],{"class":173},[47,124117,8515],{"class":61},[47,124119,41141],{"class":173},[47,124121,170],{"class":61},[47,124123,126],{"class":125},[47,124125,21],{"class":129},[47,124127,126],{"class":125},[47,124129,506],{"class":61},[773,124131,124133],{"id":124132},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124135,124136],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[37,124138,124140],{"className":39,"code":124139,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[44,124141,124142,124154],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124143,124144,124146,124148,124150,124152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124145,34568],{"class":53},[47,124147,58],{"class":57},[47,124149,136],{"class":125},[47,124151,3960],{"class":129},[47,124153,3230],{"class":125},[47,124155,124156,124158,124160,124162,124164,124166,124168,124170],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124157,167],{"class":166},[47,124159,170],{"class":61},[47,124161,34589],{"class":173},[47,124163,30],{"class":61},[47,124165,41141],{"class":173},[47,124167,170],{"class":61},[47,124169,21],{"class":173},[47,124171,506],{"class":61},[14,124173,124174,124175,30],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[44,124176,21],{},[14,124178,10684],{},[37,124180,124182],{"className":39,"code":124181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[44,124183,124184,124196],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124185,124186,124188,124190,124192,124194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124187,34568],{"class":53},[47,124189,58],{"class":57},[47,124191,136],{"class":125},[47,124193,3960],{"class":129},[47,124195,3230],{"class":125},[47,124197,124198,124200,124202,124204,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214,124216],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124199,167],{"class":166},[47,124201,170],{"class":61},[47,124203,34589],{"class":173},[47,124205,30],{"class":61},[47,124207,41141],{"class":173},[47,124209,170],{"class":61},[47,124211,126],{"class":125},[47,124213,21],{"class":129},[47,124215,126],{"class":125},[47,124217,506],{"class":61},[773,124219,1502,124221,8582,124223,25,124226],{"id":124220},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[44,124222,57173],{},[44,124224,124225],{},"find()",[44,124227,58851],{},[14,124229,1967,124230,124232,124233,30],{},[44,124231,57173],{}," when you need the ",[575,124234,124235],{},"number of matches",[14,124237,1967,124238,124232,124243,124245],{},[21,124239,124241],{"href":124240},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[44,124242,124225],{},[575,124244,64825],{}," of the first match.",[14,124247,1967,124248,124253],{},[21,124249,124251],{"href":124250},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[44,124252,58851],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[773,124255,124257],{"id":124256},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124259,124260,124262],{},[44,124261,57173],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124264,2083],{},[37,124266,124268],{"className":39,"code":124267,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[44,124269,124270,124283],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124271,124272,124274,124276,124278,124281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124273,34568],{"class":53},[47,124275,58],{"class":57},[47,124277,136],{"class":125},[47,124279,124280],{"class":129},"aaaa",[47,124282,3230],{"class":125},[47,124284,124285,124287,124289,124291,124293,124295,124297,124299,124302,124304],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124286,167],{"class":166},[47,124288,170],{"class":61},[47,124290,34589],{"class":173},[47,124292,30],{"class":61},[47,124294,41141],{"class":173},[47,124296,170],{"class":61},[47,124298,126],{"class":125},[47,124300,124301],{"class":129},"aa",[47,124303,126],{"class":125},[47,124305,506],{"class":61},[14,124307,215],{},[37,124309,124310],{"className":39,"code":16933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,124311,124312],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124313,124314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124315,16933],{"class":65},[14,124317,124318,124319,30],{},"It does not return ",[44,124320,1937],{},[14,124322,124323],{},"Why not?",[14,124325,124326],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[291,124328,124329,124338],{},[294,124330,124331,124334,124335],{},[44,124332,124333],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[44,124336,124337],{},"0-1",[294,124339,124340,124334,124342],{},[44,124341,124333],{},[44,124343,124344],{},"2-3",[14,124346,124347,124348,30],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[44,124349,124350],{},"1-2",[32,124352,4836,124353],{"id":58256},[44,124354,57173],{},[14,124356,1967,124357,124359],{},[44,124358,57173],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124361,124362],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[291,124364,124365,124374,124384,124394],{},[294,124366,1967,124367,124369,124370,124373],{},[44,124368,57173],{}," when you need ",[575,124371,124372],{},"how many times"," something appears",[294,124375,1967,124376,124369,124380,124383],{},[21,124377,124378],{"href":124240},[44,124379,124225],{},[575,124381,124382],{},"where"," it appears",[294,124385,47694,124386,124390,124391],{},[21,124387,124388,101480],{"href":123485},[44,124389,3756],{}," when you only need to know ",[575,124392,124393],{},"if it exists",[294,124395,1967,124396,124402],{},[21,124397,124399],{"href":124398},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[44,124400,124401],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[32,124404,25819],{"id":25818},[14,124406,8753,124407,124409],{},[44,124408,57173],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[37,124411,124413],{"className":39,"code":124412,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[44,124414,124415,124425,124439,124461,124487],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124416,124417,124419,124421,124423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124418,167],{"class":166},[47,124420,170],{"class":61},[47,124422,34589],{"class":173},[47,124424,80],{"class":61},[47,124426,124427,124429,124431,124433,124435,124437],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124428,167],{"class":166},[47,124430,170],{"class":61},[47,124432,499],{"class":118},[47,124434,170],{"class":61},[47,124436,34589],{"class":173},[47,124438,506],{"class":61},[47,124440,124441,124443,124445,124447,124449,124451,124453,124455,124457,124459],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,124442,167],{"class":166},[47,124444,170],{"class":61},[47,124446,34589],{"class":173},[47,124448,30],{"class":61},[47,124450,41141],{"class":173},[47,124452,170],{"class":61},[47,124454,126],{"class":125},[47,124456,21],{"class":129},[47,124458,126],{"class":125},[47,124460,506],{"class":61},[47,124462,124463,124465,124467,124469,124471,124473,124475,124477,124479,124481,124483,124485],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,124464,167],{"class":166},[47,124466,170],{"class":61},[47,124468,34589],{"class":173},[47,124470,30],{"class":61},[47,124472,8518],{"class":173},[47,124474,8515],{"class":61},[47,124476,41141],{"class":173},[47,124478,170],{"class":61},[47,124480,126],{"class":125},[47,124482,21],{"class":129},[47,124484,126],{"class":125},[47,124486,506],{"class":61},[47,124488,124489,124491,124493,124495,124497,124499,124501,124503,124505,124507],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,124490,167],{"class":166},[47,124492,170],{"class":61},[47,124494,34589],{"class":173},[47,124496,30],{"class":61},[47,124498,41141],{"class":173},[47,124500,170],{"class":61},[47,124502,126],{"class":125},[47,124504,123323],{"class":129},[47,124506,126],{"class":125},[47,124508,506],{"class":61},[14,124510,124511],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[291,124513,124514,124517,124522,124525],{},[294,124515,124516],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[294,124518,124519,124521],{},[44,124520,34589],{}," not being a string",[294,124523,124524],{},"counting the wrong substring",[294,124526,124527],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124529,58745],{},[291,124531,124532,124535,124538,124541],{},[294,124533,124534],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[294,124536,124537],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[294,124539,124540],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[294,124542,50375,124543,44512,124545,25,124547,73190],{},[44,124544,57173],{},[44,124546,124225],{},[44,124548,3756],{},[32,124550,1708],{"id":1707},[773,124552,124554,124555,124557],{"id":124553},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[44,124556,57173],{}," change the original string?",[14,124559,124560],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[773,124562,14782,124564,124566],{"id":124563},"is-count-case-sensitive",[44,124565,57173],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124568,124569],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[773,124571,1744,124573,124575],{"id":124572},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[44,124574,57173],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124577,1750,124578,30],{},[44,124579,1237],{},[773,124581,5044,124583,124585],{"id":124582},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[44,124584,57173],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124587,124588],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[773,124590,12584,124592,124594],{"id":124591},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[44,124593,57173],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124596,124597],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[32,124599,1758],{"id":1757},[291,124601,124602,124609,124616,124623,124630],{},[294,124603,124604],{},[21,124605,124606],{"href":124240},[44,124607,124608],{},"Python string find() method",[294,124610,124611],{},[21,124612,124613],{"href":124250},[44,124614,124615],{},"Python string index() method",[294,124617,124618],{},[21,124619,124620],{"href":123957},[44,124621,124622],{},"Python string lower() method",[294,124624,124625],{},[21,124626,124627],{"href":123485},[44,124628,124629],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[294,124631,124632],{},[21,124633,124634],{"href":124398},[44,124635,124636],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1796,124638,124639],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":124641},[124642,124643,124645,124648,124649,124650,124651,124654,124655,124663,124664,124665,124677],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":123351,"depth":83,"text":124644},"What the count() method does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032,"children":124646},[124647],{"id":17271,"depth":94,"text":17272},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":123567,"depth":83,"text":123568},{"id":65285,"depth":83,"text":66068,"children":124652},[124653],{"id":123788,"depth":94,"text":123789},{"id":123876,"depth":83,"text":123877},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":124656},[124657,124659,124660,124662],{"id":124022,"depth":94,"text":124658},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124132,"depth":94,"text":124133},{"id":124220,"depth":94,"text":124661},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124256,"depth":94,"text":124257},{"id":58256,"depth":83,"text":58887},{"id":25818,"depth":83,"text":25819},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":124666},[124667,124669,124671,124673,124675],{"id":124553,"depth":94,"text":124668},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124563,"depth":94,"text":124670},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124572,"depth":94,"text":124672},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124582,"depth":94,"text":124674},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124591,"depth":94,"text":124676},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123224,"description":124678},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124685,"title":124686,"body":124687,"description":126270,"extension":1837,"meta":126271,"navigation":159,"path":126272,"seo":126273,"stem":126274,"__hash__":126275},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124688,"toc":126243},[124689,124692,124695,124790,124799,124801,124820,124824,124827,124830,124843,124846,124875,124880,124885,124943,124945,124978,124984,124988,124991,124994,125023,125026,125053,125056,125059,125063,125066,125073,125136,125138,125156,125159,125163,125166,125169,125211,125214,125258,125261,125264,125268,125273,125276,125319,125321,125344,125347,125380,125383,125432,125442,125446,125449,125452,125481,125484,125495,125497,125556,125559,125563,125566,125569,125584,125593,125596,125630,125633,125660,125663,125670,125672,125675,125677,125680,125694,125703,125705,125732,125736,125739,125753,125756,125815,125819,125822,125849,125852,125879,125887,125890,125950,125952,125985,125989,125992,126011,126016,126065,126070,126072,126075,126134,126152,126154,126158,126166,126170,126173,126177,126183,126187,126197,126201,126204,126206,126240],[10,124690,124686],{"id":124691},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124693,124694],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[37,124696,124698],{"className":39,"code":124697,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[44,124699,124700,124712,124724,124732,124746,124750,124760,124770,124780],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124701,124702,124704,124706,124708,124710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124703,7751],{"class":53},[47,124705,58],{"class":57},[47,124707,136],{"class":125},[47,124709,4879],{"class":129},[47,124711,3230],{"class":125},[47,124713,124714,124716,124718,124720,124722],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124715,89886],{"class":53},[47,124717,58],{"class":57},[47,124719,265],{"class":125},[47,124721,34748],{"class":129},[47,124723,29577],{"class":125},[47,124725,124726,124728,124730],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,124727,86],{"class":53},[47,124729,58],{"class":57},[47,124731,7756],{"class":125},[47,124733,124734,124736,124738,124740,124742,124744],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,124735,34568],{"class":53},[47,124737,58],{"class":57},[47,124739,48788],{"class":118},[47,124741,170],{"class":61},[47,124743,50129],{"class":65},[47,124745,80],{"class":61},[47,124747,124748],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,124749,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,124751,124752,124754,124756,124758],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,124753,167],{"class":166},[47,124755,170],{"class":61},[47,124757,7542],{"class":173},[47,124759,80],{"class":61},[47,124761,124762,124764,124766,124768],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,124763,167],{"class":166},[47,124765,170],{"class":61},[47,124767,89903],{"class":173},[47,124769,80],{"class":61},[47,124771,124772,124774,124776,124778],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,124773,167],{"class":166},[47,124775,170],{"class":61},[47,124777,186],{"class":173},[47,124779,80],{"class":61},[47,124781,124782,124784,124786,124788],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,124783,167],{"class":166},[47,124785,170],{"class":61},[47,124787,34589],{"class":173},[47,124789,80],{"class":61},[14,124791,124792,124795,124796,124798],{},[575,124793,124794],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[44,124797,47567],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[32,124800,289],{"id":288},[291,124802,124803,124806,124809,124812,124817],{},[294,124804,124805],{},"What a string is in Python",[294,124807,124808],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[294,124810,124811],{},"How to create an empty string",[294,124813,124814,124815],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[44,124816,47567],{},[294,124818,124819],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[32,124821,124823],{"id":124822},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124825,124826],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124828,124829],{},"Strings can contain:",[291,124831,124832,124835,124837,124840],{},[294,124833,124834],{},"Letters",[294,124836,775],{},[294,124838,124839],{},"Spaces",[294,124841,124842],{},"Symbols",[14,124844,124845],{},"Examples of strings:",[37,124847,124849],{"className":39,"code":124848,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[44,124850,124851,124859,124867],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124852,124853,124855,124857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124854,126],{"class":43210},[47,124856,3718],{"class":43214},[47,124858,3230],{"class":43210},[47,124860,124861,124863,124865],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124862,126],{"class":43210},[47,124864,50129],{"class":43214},[47,124866,3230],{"class":43210},[47,124868,124869,124871,124873],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,124870,126],{"class":43210},[47,124872,89028],{"class":43214},[47,124874,3230],{"class":43210},[14,124876,20853,124877,124879],{},[44,124878,50179],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124881,124882,124883,2760],{},"You can check the type with ",[44,124884,2179],{},[37,124886,124888],{"className":39,"code":124887,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[44,124889,124890,124902,124911,124915,124929],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124891,124892,124894,124896,124898,124900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124893,34568],{"class":53},[47,124895,58],{"class":57},[47,124897,136],{"class":125},[47,124899,50129],{"class":129},[47,124901,3230],{"class":125},[47,124903,124904,124906,124908],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124905,2093],{"class":53},[47,124907,58],{"class":57},[47,124909,124910],{"class":65}," 123\n",[47,124912,124913],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,124914,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,124916,124917,124919,124921,124923,124925,124927],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,124918,167],{"class":166},[47,124920,170],{"class":61},[47,124922,499],{"class":118},[47,124924,170],{"class":61},[47,124926,34589],{"class":173},[47,124928,506],{"class":61},[47,124930,124931,124933,124935,124937,124939,124941],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,124932,167],{"class":166},[47,124934,170],{"class":61},[47,124936,499],{"class":118},[47,124938,170],{"class":61},[47,124940,2116],{"class":173},[47,124942,506],{"class":61},[14,124944,215],{},[37,124946,124948],{"className":39,"code":124947,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[44,124949,124950,124964],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,124951,124952,124954,124956,124958,124960,124962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124953,522],{"class":57},[47,124955,526],{"class":525},[47,124957,265],{"class":125},[47,124959,3315],{"class":129},[47,124961,256],{"class":125},[47,124963,536],{"class":57},[47,124965,124966,124968,124970,124972,124974,124976],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124967,522],{"class":57},[47,124969,526],{"class":525},[47,124971,265],{"class":125},[47,124973,644],{"class":129},[47,124975,256],{"class":125},[47,124977,536],{"class":57},[14,124979,124980,124981,30],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[21,124982,124983],{"href":50859},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[32,124985,124987],{"id":124986},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,124989,124990],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,124992,124993],{},"You can use single quotes:",[37,124995,124997],{"className":39,"code":124996,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[44,124998,124999,125012],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125000,125001,125004,125006,125008,125010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125002,125003],{"class":53},"greeting ",[47,125005,58],{"class":57},[47,125007,265],{"class":125},[47,125009,3718],{"class":129},[47,125011,29577],{"class":125},[47,125013,125014,125016,125018,125021],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125015,167],{"class":166},[47,125017,170],{"class":61},[47,125019,125020],{"class":173},"greeting",[47,125022,80],{"class":61},[14,125024,125025],{},"Or double quotes:",[37,125027,125029],{"className":39,"code":125028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[44,125030,125031,125043],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125032,125033,125035,125037,125039,125041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125034,125003],{"class":53},[47,125036,58],{"class":57},[47,125038,136],{"class":125},[47,125040,3718],{"class":129},[47,125042,3230],{"class":125},[47,125044,125045,125047,125049,125051],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125046,167],{"class":166},[47,125048,170],{"class":61},[47,125050,125020],{"class":173},[47,125052,80],{"class":61},[14,125054,125055],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125057,125058],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[32,125060,125062],{"id":125061},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125064,125065],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125067,125068,125069,25,125071,2760],{},"Use either ",[44,125070,6146],{},[44,125072,3647],{},[37,125074,125076],{"className":39,"code":125075,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[44,125077,125078,125087,125096,125100,125111,125122],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125079,125080,125083,125085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125081,125082],{"class":53},"empty1 ",[47,125084,58],{"class":57},[47,125086,7756],{"class":125},[47,125088,125089,125092,125094],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125090,125091],{"class":53},"empty2 ",[47,125093,58],{"class":57},[47,125095,47379],{"class":125},[47,125097,125098],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125099,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,125101,125102,125104,125106,125109],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125103,167],{"class":166},[47,125105,170],{"class":61},[47,125107,125108],{"class":173},"empty1",[47,125110,80],{"class":61},[47,125112,125113,125115,125117,125120],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,125114,167],{"class":166},[47,125116,170],{"class":61},[47,125118,125119],{"class":173},"empty2",[47,125121,80],{"class":61},[47,125123,125124,125126,125128,125130,125132,125134],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,125125,167],{"class":166},[47,125127,170],{"class":61},[47,125129,499],{"class":118},[47,125131,170],{"class":61},[47,125133,125108],{"class":173},[47,125135,506],{"class":61},[14,125137,215],{},[37,125139,125140],{"className":39,"code":45653,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,125141,125142],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125143,125144,125146,125148,125150,125152,125154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125145,522],{"class":57},[47,125147,526],{"class":525},[47,125149,265],{"class":125},[47,125151,3315],{"class":129},[47,125153,256],{"class":125},[47,125155,536],{"class":57},[14,125157,125158],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[32,125160,125162],{"id":125161},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125164,125165],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125167,125168],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[37,125170,125172],{"className":39,"code":125171,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[44,125173,125174,125185,125190,125197,125201],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125175,125176,125178,125180,125183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125177,89886],{"class":53},[47,125179,58],{"class":57},[47,125181,125182],{"class":125}," \"\"\"",[47,125184,88828],{"class":129},[47,125186,125187],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125188,125189],{"class":129},"Welcome to Python\n",[47,125191,125192,125195],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125193,125194],{"class":129},"Have a nice day",[47,125196,43218],{"class":125},[47,125198,125199],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125200,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,125202,125203,125205,125207,125209],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,125204,167],{"class":166},[47,125206,170],{"class":61},[47,125208,89903],{"class":173},[47,125210,80],{"class":61},[14,125212,125213],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[37,125215,125217],{"className":39,"code":125216,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[44,125218,125219,125231,125236,125244,125248],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125220,125221,125223,125225,125228],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125222,89886],{"class":53},[47,125224,58],{"class":57},[47,125226,125227],{"class":125}," '''",[47,125229,125230],{"class":129},"Line 1\n",[47,125232,125233],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125234,125235],{"class":129},"Line 2\n",[47,125237,125238,125241],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125239,125240],{"class":129},"Line 3",[47,125242,125243],{"class":125},"'''\n",[47,125245,125246],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125247,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,125249,125250,125252,125254,125256],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,125251,167],{"class":166},[47,125253,170],{"class":61},[47,125255,89903],{"class":173},[47,125257,80],{"class":61},[14,125259,125260],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125262,125263],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[32,125265,125267],{"id":125266},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125269,1854,125270,125272],{},[44,125271,47567],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125274,125275],{},"Example with a number:",[37,125277,125279],{"className":39,"code":125278,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[44,125280,125281,125295,125305],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125282,125283,125285,125287,125289,125291,125293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125284,34568],{"class":53},[47,125286,58],{"class":57},[47,125288,48788],{"class":118},[47,125290,170],{"class":61},[47,125292,46409],{"class":65},[47,125294,80],{"class":61},[47,125296,125297,125299,125301,125303],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125298,167],{"class":166},[47,125300,170],{"class":61},[47,125302,34589],{"class":173},[47,125304,80],{"class":61},[47,125306,125307,125309,125311,125313,125315,125317],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125308,167],{"class":166},[47,125310,170],{"class":61},[47,125312,499],{"class":118},[47,125314,170],{"class":61},[47,125316,34589],{"class":173},[47,125318,506],{"class":61},[14,125320,215],{},[37,125322,125324],{"className":39,"code":125323,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[44,125325,125326,125330],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125327,125328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125329,46495],{"class":65},[47,125331,125332,125334,125336,125338,125340,125342],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125333,522],{"class":57},[47,125335,526],{"class":525},[47,125337,265],{"class":125},[47,125339,3315],{"class":129},[47,125341,256],{"class":125},[47,125343,536],{"class":57},[14,125345,125346],{},"You can also convert other values:",[37,125348,125350],{"className":39,"code":125349,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[44,125351,125352,125366],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125353,125354,125356,125358,125360,125362,125364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125355,167],{"class":166},[47,125357,170],{"class":61},[47,125359,3315],{"class":118},[47,125361,170],{"class":61},[47,125363,3477],{"class":412},[47,125365,506],{"class":61},[47,125367,125368,125370,125372,125374,125376,125378],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125369,167],{"class":166},[47,125371,170],{"class":61},[47,125373,3315],{"class":118},[47,125375,170],{"class":61},[47,125377,40024],{"class":65},[47,125379,506],{"class":61},[14,125381,125382],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[37,125384,125386],{"className":39,"code":125385,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[44,125387,125388,125396,125418,125422],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125389,125390,125392,125394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125391,21504],{"class":53},[47,125393,58],{"class":57},[47,125395,45108],{"class":65},[47,125397,125398,125400,125402,125404,125406,125408,125410,125412,125414,125416],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125399,89886],{"class":53},[47,125401,58],{"class":57},[47,125403,136],{"class":125},[47,125405,89304],{"class":129},[47,125407,126],{"class":125},[47,125409,2330],{"class":57},[47,125411,48788],{"class":118},[47,125413,170],{"class":61},[47,125415,9174],{"class":173},[47,125417,80],{"class":61},[47,125419,125420],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125421,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,125423,125424,125426,125428,125430],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125425,167],{"class":166},[47,125427,170],{"class":61},[47,125429,89903],{"class":173},[47,125431,80],{"class":61},[14,125433,125434,125435,25,125439,30],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[21,125436,3448,125437,3381],{"href":42056},[44,125438,47567],{},[21,125440,125441],{"href":123155},"how to convert int to string in Python",[32,125443,125445],{"id":125444},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125447,125448],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125450,125451],{},"Both of these are valid:",[37,125453,125455],{"className":39,"code":125454,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[44,125456,125457,125469],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125458,125459,125461,125463,125465,125467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125460,2430],{"class":53},[47,125462,58],{"class":57},[47,125464,265],{"class":125},[47,125466,7171],{"class":129},[47,125468,29577],{"class":125},[47,125470,125471,125473,125475,125477,125479],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125472,2458],{"class":53},[47,125474,58],{"class":57},[47,125476,136],{"class":125},[47,125478,7171],{"class":129},[47,125480,3230],{"class":125},[14,125482,125483],{},"A common rule is:",[291,125485,125486,125489,125492],{},[294,125487,125488],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[294,125490,125491],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[294,125493,125494],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125496,2083],{},[37,125498,125500],{"className":39,"code":125499,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[44,125501,125502,125516,125530,125534,125545],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125503,125504,125507,125509,125511,125514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125505,125506],{"class":53},"text1 ",[47,125508,58],{"class":57},[47,125510,136],{"class":125},[47,125512,125513],{"class":129},"It's working",[47,125515,3230],{"class":125},[47,125517,125518,125521,125523,125525,125528],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125519,125520],{"class":53},"text2 ",[47,125522,58],{"class":57},[47,125524,265],{"class":125},[47,125526,125527],{"class":129},"She said \"hello\"",[47,125529,29577],{"class":125},[47,125531,125532],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125533,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,125535,125536,125538,125540,125543],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125537,167],{"class":166},[47,125539,170],{"class":61},[47,125541,125542],{"class":173},"text1",[47,125544,80],{"class":61},[47,125546,125547,125549,125551,125554],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,125548,167],{"class":166},[47,125550,170],{"class":61},[47,125552,125553],{"class":173},"text2",[47,125555,80],{"class":61},[14,125557,125558],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[32,125560,125562],{"id":125561},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125564,125565],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125567,125568],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[37,125570,125572],{"className":39,"code":125571,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[44,125573,125574,125579],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125575,125576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125577,125578],{"class":1494},"# This will cause an error\n",[47,125580,125581],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125582,125583],{"class":1494},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125585,125586,125587,35211,125589,125592],{},"Python sees the second ",[44,125588,256],{},[44,125590,125591],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125594,125595],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[37,125597,125599],{"className":39,"code":125598,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[44,125600,125601,125620],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125602,125603,125605,125607,125609,125612,125615,125618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125604,34568],{"class":53},[47,125606,58],{"class":57},[47,125608,265],{"class":125},[47,125610,125611],{"class":129},"It",[47,125613,125614],{"class":34333},"\\'",[47,125616,125617],{"class":129},"s working",[47,125619,29577],{"class":125},[47,125621,125622,125624,125626,125628],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125623,167],{"class":166},[47,125625,170],{"class":61},[47,125627,34589],{"class":173},[47,125629,80],{"class":61},[14,125631,125632],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[37,125634,125636],{"className":39,"code":125635,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[44,125637,125638,125650],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125639,125640,125642,125644,125646,125648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125641,34568],{"class":53},[47,125643,58],{"class":57},[47,125645,136],{"class":125},[47,125647,125513],{"class":129},[47,125649,3230],{"class":125},[47,125651,125652,125654,125656,125658],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125653,167],{"class":166},[47,125655,170],{"class":61},[47,125657,34589],{"class":173},[47,125659,80],{"class":61},[14,125661,125662],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125664,125665,125666,30],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[21,125667,125669],{"href":125668},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[32,125671,1284],{"id":1283},[14,125673,125674],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[773,125676,90093],{"id":90092},[14,125678,125679],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[37,125681,125683],{"className":39,"code":125682,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[44,125684,125685,125689],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125686,125687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125688,125578],{"class":1494},[47,125690,125691],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125692,125693],{"class":1494},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125695,125696,125697,8479,125700,125702],{},"Python may raise a ",[44,125698,125699],{},"NameError",[44,125701,4879],{}," is not defined.",[14,125704,10684],{},[37,125706,125708],{"className":39,"code":125707,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[44,125709,125710,125722],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125711,125712,125714,125716,125718,125720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125713,7751],{"class":53},[47,125715,58],{"class":57},[47,125717,136],{"class":125},[47,125719,4879],{"class":129},[47,125721,3230],{"class":125},[47,125723,125724,125726,125728,125730],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125725,167],{"class":166},[47,125727,170],{"class":61},[47,125729,7542],{"class":173},[47,125731,80],{"class":61},[773,125733,125735],{"id":125734},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125737,125738],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[37,125740,125742],{"className":39,"code":125741,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[44,125743,125744,125748],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125745,125746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125747,125578],{"class":1494},[47,125749,125750],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125751,125752],{"class":1494},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125754,125755],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[37,125757,125759],{"className":39,"code":125758,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[44,125760,125761,125778,125791,125795,125805],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125762,125763,125765,125767,125769,125771,125773,125776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125764,125506],{"class":53},[47,125766,58],{"class":57},[47,125768,265],{"class":125},[47,125770,125611],{"class":129},[47,125772,125614],{"class":34333},[47,125774,125775],{"class":129},"s good",[47,125777,29577],{"class":125},[47,125779,125780,125782,125784,125786,125789],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125781,125520],{"class":53},[47,125783,58],{"class":57},[47,125785,136],{"class":125},[47,125787,125788],{"class":129},"It's good",[47,125790,3230],{"class":125},[47,125792,125793],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125794,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,125796,125797,125799,125801,125803],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125798,167],{"class":166},[47,125800,170],{"class":61},[47,125802,125542],{"class":173},[47,125804,80],{"class":61},[47,125806,125807,125809,125811,125813],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,125808,167],{"class":166},[47,125810,170],{"class":61},[47,125812,125553],{"class":173},[47,125814,80],{"class":61},[773,125816,125818],{"id":125817},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125820,125821],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[37,125823,125825],{"className":39,"code":125824,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[44,125826,125827,125839],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125828,125829,125831,125833,125835,125837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125830,34568],{"class":53},[47,125832,58],{"class":57},[47,125834,125182],{"class":125},[47,125836,3718],{"class":129},[47,125838,43218],{"class":125},[47,125840,125841,125843,125845,125847],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125842,167],{"class":166},[47,125844,170],{"class":61},[47,125846,34589],{"class":173},[47,125848,80],{"class":61},[14,125850,125851],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[37,125853,125855],{"className":39,"code":125854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[44,125856,125857,125869],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125858,125859,125861,125863,125865,125867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125860,34568],{"class":53},[47,125862,58],{"class":57},[47,125864,136],{"class":125},[47,125866,3718],{"class":129},[47,125868,3230],{"class":125},[47,125870,125871,125873,125875,125877],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125872,167],{"class":166},[47,125874,170],{"class":61},[47,125876,34589],{"class":173},[47,125878,80],{"class":61},[773,125880,4454,125882,4267,125884,125886],{"id":125881},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[44,125883,50129],{},[44,125885,50179],{}," are the same type",[14,125888,125889],{},"They are different:",[37,125891,125893],{"className":39,"code":125892,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[44,125894,125895,125904,125917,125921,125935],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125896,125897,125900,125902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125898,125899],{"class":53},"value1 ",[47,125901,58],{"class":57},[47,125903,124910],{"class":65},[47,125905,125906,125909,125911,125913,125915],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125907,125908],{"class":53},"value2 ",[47,125910,58],{"class":57},[47,125912,136],{"class":125},[47,125914,50129],{"class":129},[47,125916,3230],{"class":125},[47,125918,125919],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125920,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,125922,125923,125925,125927,125929,125931,125933],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125924,167],{"class":166},[47,125926,170],{"class":61},[47,125928,499],{"class":118},[47,125930,170],{"class":61},[47,125932,84649],{"class":173},[47,125934,506],{"class":61},[47,125936,125937,125939,125941,125943,125945,125948],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,125938,167],{"class":166},[47,125940,170],{"class":61},[47,125942,499],{"class":118},[47,125944,170],{"class":61},[47,125946,125947],{"class":173},"value2",[47,125949,506],{"class":61},[14,125951,215],{},[37,125953,125955],{"className":39,"code":125954,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[44,125956,125957,125971],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125958,125959,125961,125963,125965,125967,125969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125960,522],{"class":57},[47,125962,526],{"class":525},[47,125964,265],{"class":125},[47,125966,644],{"class":129},[47,125968,256],{"class":125},[47,125970,536],{"class":57},[47,125972,125973,125975,125977,125979,125981,125983],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125974,522],{"class":57},[47,125976,526],{"class":525},[47,125978,265],{"class":125},[47,125980,3315],{"class":129},[47,125982,256],{"class":125},[47,125984,536],{"class":57},[773,125986,125988],{"id":125987},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,125990,125991],{},"This causes a type error:",[37,125993,125995],{"className":39,"code":125994,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[44,125996,125997,126001,126006],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,125998,125999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126000,125578],{"class":1494},[47,126002,126003],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126004,126005],{"class":1494},"# age = 10\n",[47,126007,126008],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,126009,126010],{"class":1494},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,126012,126013,126014,2760],{},"Fix it with ",[44,126015,47567],{},[37,126017,126019],{"className":39,"code":126018,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[44,126020,126021,126029,126051,126055],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126022,126023,126025,126027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126024,21504],{"class":53},[47,126026,58],{"class":57},[47,126028,2463],{"class":65},[47,126030,126031,126033,126035,126037,126039,126041,126043,126045,126047,126049],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126032,89886],{"class":53},[47,126034,58],{"class":57},[47,126036,136],{"class":125},[47,126038,89304],{"class":129},[47,126040,126],{"class":125},[47,126042,2330],{"class":57},[47,126044,48788],{"class":118},[47,126046,170],{"class":61},[47,126048,9174],{"class":173},[47,126050,80],{"class":61},[47,126052,126053],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,126054,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,126056,126057,126059,126061,126063],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,126058,167],{"class":166},[47,126060,170],{"class":61},[47,126062,89903],{"class":173},[47,126064,80],{"class":61},[14,126066,126067,126068,30],{},"For this specific error, see ",[21,126069,90285],{"href":90284},[773,126071,60591],{"id":60590},[14,126073,126074],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[37,126076,126078],{"className":39,"code":126077,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[44,126079,126080,126092,126096,126106,126120],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126081,126082,126084,126086,126088,126090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126083,34568],{"class":53},[47,126085,58],{"class":57},[47,126087,136],{"class":125},[47,126089,3718],{"class":129},[47,126091,3230],{"class":125},[47,126093,126094],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126095,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,126097,126098,126100,126102,126104],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,126099,167],{"class":166},[47,126101,170],{"class":61},[47,126103,34589],{"class":173},[47,126105,80],{"class":61},[47,126107,126108,126110,126112,126114,126116,126118],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,126109,167],{"class":166},[47,126111,170],{"class":61},[47,126113,499],{"class":118},[47,126115,170],{"class":61},[47,126117,34589],{"class":173},[47,126119,506],{"class":61},[47,126121,126122,126124,126126,126128,126130,126132],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,126123,167],{"class":166},[47,126125,170],{"class":61},[47,126127,41660],{"class":166},[47,126129,170],{"class":61},[47,126131,34589],{"class":173},[47,126133,506],{"class":61},[291,126135,126136,126141,126146],{},[294,126137,126138,46161],{},[44,126139,126140],{},"print(text)",[294,126142,126143,46166],{},[44,126144,126145],{},"print(type(text))",[294,126147,126148,126151],{},[44,126149,126150],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[32,126153,1708],{"id":1707},[773,126155,126157],{"id":126156},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126159,126160,126161,25,126164,30],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[44,126162,126163],{},"'hello'",[44,126165,64414],{},[773,126167,126169],{"id":126168},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126171,126172],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[773,126174,126176],{"id":126175},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126178,1967,126179,25,126181,30],{},[44,126180,6146],{},[44,126182,3647],{},[773,126184,126186],{"id":126185},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126188,1967,126189,126191,126192,126194,126195,30],{},[44,126190,47567],{},", like ",[44,126193,80259],{},", which returns ",[44,126196,42007],{},[773,126198,126200],{"id":126199},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126202,126203],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[32,126205,1758],{"id":1757},[291,126207,126208,126212,126218,126223,126232,126236],{},[294,126209,126210],{},[21,126211,124983],{"href":50859},[294,126213,126214],{},[21,126215,3448,126216,3381],{"href":42056},[44,126217,47567],{},[294,126219,126220],{},[21,126221,126222],{"href":123155},"How to convert int to string in Python",[294,126224,126225],{},[21,126226,126228,126229,10617],{"href":126227},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[44,126230,126231],{},"format()",[294,126233,126234],{},[21,126235,125669],{"href":125668},[294,126237,126238],{},[21,126239,90285],{"href":90284},[1796,126241,126242],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":126244},[126245,126246,126247,126248,126249,126250,126251,126252,126253,126262,126269],{"id":288,"depth":83,"text":289},{"id":124822,"depth":83,"text":124823},{"id":124986,"depth":83,"text":124987},{"id":125061,"depth":83,"text":125062},{"id":125161,"depth":83,"text":125162},{"id":125266,"depth":83,"text":125267},{"id":125444,"depth":83,"text":125445},{"id":125561,"depth":83,"text":125562},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":126254},[126255,126256,126257,126258,126260,126261],{"id":90092,"depth":94,"text":90093},{"id":125734,"depth":94,"text":125735},{"id":125817,"depth":94,"text":125818},{"id":125881,"depth":94,"text":126259},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125987,"depth":94,"text":125988},{"id":60590,"depth":94,"text":60591},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":126263},[126264,126265,126266,126267,126268],{"id":126156,"depth":94,"text":126157},{"id":126168,"depth":94,"text":126169},{"id":126175,"depth":94,"text":126176},{"id":126185,"depth":94,"text":126186},{"id":126199,"depth":94,"text":126200},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124686,"description":126270},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126277,"title":126278,"body":126279,"description":128193,"extension":1837,"meta":128194,"navigation":159,"path":128195,"seo":128196,"stem":128197,"__hash__":128198},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126280,"toc":128154},[126281,126287,126292,126300,126302,126369,126371,126383,126392,126397,126401,126418,126420,126485,126487,126499,126504,126506,126534,126555,126558,126597,126599,126607,126611,126615,126619,126627,126630,126671,126673,126681,126684,126741,126743,126751,126755,126760,126804,126806,126814,126823,126827,126832,126880,126882,126890,126896,126898,126902,126914,126919,126998,127000,127020,127024,127028,127068,127070,127078,127082,127125,127127,127135,127139,127179,127181,127189,127193,127249,127251,127259,127265,127267,127271,127281,127348,127350,127363,127370,127413,127415,127423,127427,127430,127486,127488,127496,127499,127501,127578,127580,127588,127597,127599,127603,127607,127609,127631,127634,127681,127685,127724,127726,127734,127736,127778,127785,127790,127852,127854,127866,127872,127877,127926,127928,127947,127953,127955,127974,127976,128067,128069,128075,128082,128088,128094,128099,128108,128115,128123,128125,128151],[10,126282,123230,126284,11199],{"id":126283},"python-string-endswith-method",[44,126285,126286],{},"endswith()",[14,126288,123235,126289,126291],{},[44,126290,126286],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126293,126294,126295,25,126297,126299],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[44,126296,3477],{},[44,126298,3546],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[32,126301,35],{"id":34},[37,126303,126305],{"className":39,"code":126304,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[44,126306,126307,126321,126346],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126308,126309,126312,126314,126316,126319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126310,126311],{"class":53},"filename ",[47,126313,58],{"class":57},[47,126315,136],{"class":125},[47,126317,126318],{"class":129},"report.csv",[47,126320,3230],{"class":125},[47,126322,126323,126325,126327,126330,126332,126335,126337,126339,126342,126344],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126324,167],{"class":166},[47,126326,170],{"class":61},[47,126328,126329],{"class":173},"filename",[47,126331,30],{"class":61},[47,126333,126334],{"class":173},"endswith",[47,126336,170],{"class":61},[47,126338,126],{"class":125},[47,126340,126341],{"class":129},".csv",[47,126343,126],{"class":125},[47,126345,506],{"class":61},[47,126347,126348,126350,126352,126354,126356,126358,126360,126362,126365,126367],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,126349,167],{"class":166},[47,126351,170],{"class":61},[47,126353,126329],{"class":173},[47,126355,30],{"class":61},[47,126357,126334],{"class":173},[47,126359,170],{"class":61},[47,126361,126],{"class":125},[47,126363,126364],{"class":129},".txt",[47,126366,126],{"class":125},[47,126368,506],{"class":61},[14,126370,215],{},[37,126372,126373],{"className":39,"code":44056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,126374,126375,126379],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126376,126377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126378,3852],{"class":412},[47,126380,126381],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126382,3913],{"class":412},[14,126384,1967,126385,5243,126387,25,126389,126391],{},[44,126386,126286],{},[44,126388,3477],{},[44,126390,3546],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[32,126393,3550,126395,3553],{"id":126394},"what-endswith-does",[44,126396,126286],{},[14,126398,126399,2760],{},[44,126400,126286],{},[291,126402,126403,126406,126412,126415],{},[294,126404,126405],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[294,126407,11301,126408,25,126410],{},[44,126409,3477],{},[44,126411,3546],{},[294,126413,126414],{},"Does not change the original string",[294,126416,126417],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126419,2083],{},[37,126421,126423],{"className":39,"code":126422,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[44,126424,126425,126437,126441,126463],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126426,126427,126429,126431,126433,126435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126428,34568],{"class":53},[47,126430,58],{"class":57},[47,126432,136],{"class":125},[47,126434,60287],{"class":129},[47,126436,3230],{"class":125},[47,126438,126439],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126440,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,126442,126443,126445,126447,126449,126451,126453,126455,126457,126459,126461],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,126444,167],{"class":166},[47,126446,170],{"class":61},[47,126448,34589],{"class":173},[47,126450,30],{"class":61},[47,126452,126334],{"class":173},[47,126454,170],{"class":61},[47,126456,126],{"class":125},[47,126458,60472],{"class":129},[47,126460,126],{"class":125},[47,126462,506],{"class":61},[47,126464,126465,126467,126469,126471,126473,126475,126477,126479,126481,126483],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,126466,167],{"class":166},[47,126468,170],{"class":61},[47,126470,34589],{"class":173},[47,126472,30],{"class":61},[47,126474,126334],{"class":173},[47,126476,170],{"class":61},[47,126478,126],{"class":125},[47,126480,3718],{"class":129},[47,126482,126],{"class":125},[47,126484,506],{"class":61},[14,126486,215],{},[37,126488,126489],{"className":39,"code":44056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,126490,126491,126495],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126492,126493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126494,3852],{"class":412},[47,126496,126497],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126498,3913],{"class":412},[14,126500,126501,126502,30],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[21,126503,124983],{"href":50859},[32,126505,2032],{"id":2031},[37,126507,126509],{"className":39,"code":126508,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[44,126510,126511],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126512,126513,126515,126517,126519,126521,126524,126526,126528,126530,126532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126514,61055],{"class":53},[47,126516,30],{"class":61},[47,126518,126334],{"class":173},[47,126520,170],{"class":61},[47,126522,126523],{"class":173},"suffix",[47,126525,69],{"class":61},[47,126527,35934],{"class":173},[47,126529,69],{"class":61},[47,126531,64919],{"class":173},[47,126533,80],{"class":61},[291,126535,126536,126541,126548],{},[294,126537,126538,126540],{},[44,126539,126523],{}," is required",[294,126542,126543,4267,126545,126547],{},[44,126544,35955],{},[44,126546,52545],{}," are optional",[294,126549,126550,4267,126552,126554],{},[44,126551,35955],{},[44,126553,52545],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126556,126557],{},"Basic example:",[37,126559,126561],{"className":39,"code":126560,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[44,126562,126563,126575],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126564,126565,126567,126569,126571,126573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126566,126311],{"class":53},[47,126568,58],{"class":57},[47,126570,136],{"class":125},[47,126572,86774],{"class":129},[47,126574,3230],{"class":125},[47,126576,126577,126579,126581,126583,126585,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126578,167],{"class":166},[47,126580,170],{"class":61},[47,126582,126329],{"class":173},[47,126584,30],{"class":61},[47,126586,126334],{"class":173},[47,126588,170],{"class":61},[47,126590,126],{"class":125},[47,126592,126364],{"class":129},[47,126594,126],{"class":125},[47,126596,506],{"class":61},[14,126598,215],{},[37,126600,126601],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,126602,126603],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126604,126605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126606,3852],{"class":412},[32,126608,126610],{"id":126609},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[773,126612,126613],{"id":126523},[44,126614,126523],{},[14,126616,126617,30628],{},[44,126618,126523],{},[291,126620,126621,126624],{},[294,126622,126623],{},"A single string",[294,126625,126626],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126628,126629],{},"Single suffix:",[37,126631,126633],{"className":39,"code":126632,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[44,126634,126635,126648],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126636,126637,126639,126641,126643,126646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126638,7751],{"class":53},[47,126640,58],{"class":57},[47,126642,136],{"class":125},[47,126644,126645],{"class":129},"image.png",[47,126647,3230],{"class":125},[47,126649,126650,126652,126654,126656,126658,126660,126662,126664,126667,126669],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126651,167],{"class":166},[47,126653,170],{"class":61},[47,126655,7542],{"class":173},[47,126657,30],{"class":61},[47,126659,126334],{"class":173},[47,126661,170],{"class":61},[47,126663,126],{"class":125},[47,126665,126666],{"class":129},".png",[47,126668,126],{"class":125},[47,126670,506],{"class":61},[14,126672,215],{},[37,126674,126675],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,126676,126677],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126678,126679],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126680,3852],{"class":412},[14,126682,126683],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[37,126685,126687],{"className":39,"code":126686,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[44,126688,126689,126701],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126690,126691,126693,126695,126697,126699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126692,7751],{"class":53},[47,126694,58],{"class":57},[47,126696,136],{"class":125},[47,126698,126645],{"class":129},[47,126700,3230],{"class":125},[47,126702,126703,126705,126707,126709,126711,126713,126715,126717,126720,126722,126724,126726,126728,126730,126732,126734,126737,126739],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126704,167],{"class":166},[47,126706,170],{"class":61},[47,126708,7542],{"class":173},[47,126710,30],{"class":61},[47,126712,126334],{"class":173},[47,126714,5384],{"class":61},[47,126716,126],{"class":125},[47,126718,126719],{"class":129},".jpg",[47,126721,126],{"class":125},[47,126723,69],{"class":61},[47,126725,136],{"class":125},[47,126727,126666],{"class":129},[47,126729,126],{"class":125},[47,126731,69],{"class":61},[47,126733,136],{"class":125},[47,126735,126736],{"class":129},".gif",[47,126738,126],{"class":125},[47,126740,2788],{"class":61},[14,126742,215],{},[37,126744,126745],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,126746,126747],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126748,126749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126750,3852],{"class":412},[773,126752,126753],{"id":35955},[44,126754,35955],{},[14,126756,126757,126759],{},[44,126758,35955],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[37,126761,126763],{"className":39,"code":126762,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[44,126764,126765,126778],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126766,126767,126769,126771,126773,126776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126768,34568],{"class":53},[47,126770,58],{"class":57},[47,126772,136],{"class":125},[47,126774,126775],{"class":129},"my_report.csv",[47,126777,3230],{"class":125},[47,126779,126780,126782,126784,126786,126788,126790,126792,126794,126796,126798,126800,126802],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126781,167],{"class":166},[47,126783,170],{"class":61},[47,126785,34589],{"class":173},[47,126787,30],{"class":61},[47,126789,126334],{"class":173},[47,126791,170],{"class":61},[47,126793,126],{"class":125},[47,126795,126341],{"class":129},[47,126797,126],{"class":125},[47,126799,69],{"class":61},[47,126801,77],{"class":65},[47,126803,506],{"class":61},[14,126805,215],{},[37,126807,126808],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,126809,126810],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126811,126812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126813,3852],{"class":412},[14,126815,126816,126817,126819,126820,30],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[44,126818,1937],{}," onward, which is ",[44,126821,126822],{},"\"report.csv\"",[773,126824,126825],{"id":52545},[44,126826,52545],{},[14,126828,126829,126831],{},[44,126830,52545],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[37,126833,126835],{"className":39,"code":126834,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[44,126836,126837,126850],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126838,126839,126841,126843,126845,126848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126840,34568],{"class":53},[47,126842,58],{"class":57},[47,126844,136],{"class":125},[47,126846,126847],{"class":129},"report.csv backup",[47,126849,3230],{"class":125},[47,126851,126852,126854,126856,126858,126860,126862,126864,126866,126868,126870,126872,126874,126876,126878],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126853,167],{"class":166},[47,126855,170],{"class":61},[47,126857,34589],{"class":173},[47,126859,30],{"class":61},[47,126861,126334],{"class":173},[47,126863,170],{"class":61},[47,126865,126],{"class":125},[47,126867,126341],{"class":129},[47,126869,126],{"class":125},[47,126871,69],{"class":61},[47,126873,3706],{"class":65},[47,126875,69],{"class":61},[47,126877,5879],{"class":65},[47,126879,506],{"class":61},[14,126881,215],{},[37,126883,126884],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,126885,126886],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126887,126888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126889,3852],{"class":412},[14,126891,126892,126893,126895],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[44,126894,126822],{}," and ignores the rest.",[32,126897,17296],{"id":17295},[14,126899,126900,25385],{},[44,126901,126286],{},[291,126903,126904,126909],{},[294,126905,126906,126908],{},[44,126907,3477],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[294,126910,126911,126913],{},[44,126912,3546],{}," if it does not",[14,126915,126916,126917,7046],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[44,126918,6871],{},[37,126920,126922],{"className":39,"code":126921,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[44,126923,126924,126937,126941,126962,126977,126983],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,126925,126926,126928,126930,126932,126935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126927,126311],{"class":53},[47,126929,58],{"class":57},[47,126931,136],{"class":125},[47,126933,126934],{"class":129},"data.csv",[47,126936,3230],{"class":125},[47,126938,126939],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126940,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,126942,126943,126945,126948,126950,126952,126954,126956,126958,126960],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,126944,6871],{"class":3749},[47,126946,126947],{"class":53}," filename",[47,126949,30],{"class":61},[47,126951,126334],{"class":173},[47,126953,170],{"class":61},[47,126955,126],{"class":125},[47,126957,126341],{"class":129},[47,126959,126],{"class":125},[47,126961,8218],{"class":61},[47,126963,126964,126966,126968,126970,126973,126975],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,126965,7944],{"class":166},[47,126967,170],{"class":61},[47,126969,126],{"class":125},[47,126971,126972],{"class":129},"This is a CSV file.",[47,126974,126],{"class":125},[47,126976,80],{"class":61},[47,126978,126979,126981],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,126980,27311],{"class":3749},[47,126982,6268],{"class":61},[47,126984,126985,126987,126989,126991,126994,126996],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,126986,7944],{"class":166},[47,126988,170],{"class":61},[47,126990,126],{"class":125},[47,126992,126993],{"class":129},"This is not a CSV file.",[47,126995,126],{"class":125},[47,126997,80],{"class":61},[14,126999,215],{},[37,127001,127003],{"className":39,"code":127002,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"This is a CSV file.\n",[44,127004,127005],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127006,127007,127009,127011,127013,127016,127018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127008,49762],{"class":53},[47,127010,12073],{"class":57},[47,127012,44427],{"class":53},[47,127014,127015],{"class":34333},"CSV",[47,127017,86515],{"class":86514},[47,127019,122262],{"class":61},[32,127021,127023],{"id":127022},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[773,127025,127027],{"id":127026},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[37,127029,127031],{"className":39,"code":127030,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[44,127032,127033,127046],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127034,127035,127037,127039,127041,127044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127036,126311],{"class":53},[47,127038,58],{"class":57},[47,127040,136],{"class":125},[47,127042,127043],{"class":129},"sales.csv",[47,127045,3230],{"class":125},[47,127047,127048,127050,127052,127054,127056,127058,127060,127062,127064,127066],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127049,167],{"class":166},[47,127051,170],{"class":61},[47,127053,126329],{"class":173},[47,127055,30],{"class":61},[47,127057,126334],{"class":173},[47,127059,170],{"class":61},[47,127061,126],{"class":125},[47,127063,126341],{"class":129},[47,127065,126],{"class":125},[47,127067,506],{"class":61},[14,127069,215],{},[37,127071,127072],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,127073,127074],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127075,127076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127077,3852],{"class":412},[773,127079,127081],{"id":127080},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[37,127083,127085],{"className":39,"code":127084,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[44,127086,127087,127101],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127088,127089,127092,127094,127096,127099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127090,127091],{"class":53},"url ",[47,127093,58],{"class":57},[47,127095,136],{"class":125},[47,127097,127098],{"class":129},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[47,127100,3230],{"class":125},[47,127102,127103,127105,127107,127110,127112,127114,127116,127118,127121,127123],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127104,167],{"class":166},[47,127106,170],{"class":61},[47,127108,127109],{"class":173},"url",[47,127111,30],{"class":61},[47,127113,126334],{"class":173},[47,127115,170],{"class":61},[47,127117,126],{"class":125},[47,127119,127120],{"class":129},"\u002F",[47,127122,126],{"class":125},[47,127124,506],{"class":61},[14,127126,215],{},[37,127128,127129],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,127130,127131],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127132,127133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127134,3852],{"class":412},[773,127136,127138],{"id":127137},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[37,127140,127142],{"className":39,"code":127141,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[44,127143,127144,127157],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127145,127146,127148,127150,127152,127155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127147,89886],{"class":53},[47,127149,58],{"class":57},[47,127151,136],{"class":125},[47,127153,127154],{"class":129},"Hello!",[47,127156,3230],{"class":125},[47,127158,127159,127161,127163,127165,127167,127169,127171,127173,127175,127177],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127160,167],{"class":166},[47,127162,170],{"class":61},[47,127164,89903],{"class":173},[47,127166,30],{"class":61},[47,127168,126334],{"class":173},[47,127170,170],{"class":61},[47,127172,126],{"class":125},[47,127174,89727],{"class":129},[47,127176,126],{"class":125},[47,127178,506],{"class":61},[14,127180,215],{},[37,127182,127183],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,127184,127185],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127186,127187],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127188,3852],{"class":412},[773,127190,127192],{"id":127191},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[37,127194,127196],{"className":39,"code":127195,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[44,127197,127198,127211],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127199,127200,127202,127204,127206,127209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127201,126311],{"class":53},[47,127203,58],{"class":57},[47,127205,136],{"class":125},[47,127207,127208],{"class":129},"photo.jpg",[47,127210,3230],{"class":125},[47,127212,127213,127215,127217,127219,127221,127223,127225,127227,127229,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241,127243,127245,127247],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127214,167],{"class":166},[47,127216,170],{"class":61},[47,127218,126329],{"class":173},[47,127220,30],{"class":61},[47,127222,126334],{"class":173},[47,127224,5384],{"class":61},[47,127226,126],{"class":125},[47,127228,126719],{"class":129},[47,127230,126],{"class":125},[47,127232,69],{"class":61},[47,127234,136],{"class":125},[47,127236,126666],{"class":129},[47,127238,126],{"class":125},[47,127240,69],{"class":61},[47,127242,136],{"class":125},[47,127244,126736],{"class":129},[47,127246,126],{"class":125},[47,127248,2788],{"class":61},[14,127250,215],{},[37,127252,127253],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,127254,127255],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127256,127257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127258,3852],{"class":412},[14,127260,127261,127262,30],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[21,127263,127264],{"href":123485},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[32,127266,123877],{"id":123876},[14,127268,127269,123688],{},[44,127270,126286],{},[14,127272,127273,127274,4267,127277,127280],{},"That means ",[44,127275,127276],{},"\".CSV\"",[44,127278,127279],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[37,127282,127284],{"className":39,"code":127283,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[44,127285,127286,127299,127303,127325],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127287,127288,127290,127292,127294,127297],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127289,126311],{"class":53},[47,127291,58],{"class":57},[47,127293,136],{"class":125},[47,127295,127296],{"class":129},"REPORT.CSV",[47,127298,3230],{"class":125},[47,127300,127301],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127302,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,127304,127305,127307,127309,127311,127313,127315,127317,127319,127321,127323],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,127306,167],{"class":166},[47,127308,170],{"class":61},[47,127310,126329],{"class":173},[47,127312,30],{"class":61},[47,127314,126334],{"class":173},[47,127316,170],{"class":61},[47,127318,126],{"class":125},[47,127320,126341],{"class":129},[47,127322,126],{"class":125},[47,127324,506],{"class":61},[47,127326,127327,127329,127331,127333,127335,127337,127339,127341,127344,127346],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,127328,167],{"class":166},[47,127330,170],{"class":61},[47,127332,126329],{"class":173},[47,127334,30],{"class":61},[47,127336,126334],{"class":173},[47,127338,170],{"class":61},[47,127340,126],{"class":125},[47,127342,127343],{"class":129},".CSV",[47,127345,126],{"class":125},[47,127347,506],{"class":61},[14,127349,215],{},[37,127351,127353],{"className":39,"code":127352,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"False\nTrue\n",[44,127354,127355,127359],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127356,127357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127358,3913],{"class":412},[47,127360,127361],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127362,3852],{"class":412},[14,127364,127365,127366,30],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[21,127367,127368],{"href":123957},[44,127369,123960],{},[37,127371,127373],{"className":39,"code":127372,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[44,127374,127375,127387],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127376,127377,127379,127381,127383,127385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127378,126311],{"class":53},[47,127380,58],{"class":57},[47,127382,136],{"class":125},[47,127384,127296],{"class":129},[47,127386,3230],{"class":125},[47,127388,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403,127405,127407,127409,127411],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127390,167],{"class":166},[47,127392,170],{"class":61},[47,127394,126329],{"class":173},[47,127396,30],{"class":61},[47,127398,8518],{"class":173},[47,127400,8515],{"class":61},[47,127402,126334],{"class":173},[47,127404,170],{"class":61},[47,127406,126],{"class":125},[47,127408,126341],{"class":129},[47,127410,126],{"class":125},[47,127412,506],{"class":61},[14,127414,215],{},[37,127416,127417],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,127418,127419],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127420,127421],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127422,3852],{"class":412},[32,127424,127426],{"id":127425},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127428,127429],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[37,127431,127433],{"className":39,"code":127432,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[44,127434,127435,127448],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127436,127437,127439,127441,127443,127446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127438,126311],{"class":53},[47,127440,58],{"class":57},[47,127442,136],{"class":125},[47,127444,127445],{"class":129},"picture.gif",[47,127447,3230],{"class":125},[47,127449,127450,127452,127454,127456,127458,127460,127462,127464,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478,127480,127482,127484],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127451,167],{"class":166},[47,127453,170],{"class":61},[47,127455,126329],{"class":173},[47,127457,30],{"class":61},[47,127459,126334],{"class":173},[47,127461,5384],{"class":61},[47,127463,126],{"class":125},[47,127465,126719],{"class":129},[47,127467,126],{"class":125},[47,127469,69],{"class":61},[47,127471,136],{"class":125},[47,127473,126666],{"class":129},[47,127475,126],{"class":125},[47,127477,69],{"class":61},[47,127479,136],{"class":125},[47,127481,126736],{"class":129},[47,127483,126],{"class":125},[47,127485,2788],{"class":61},[14,127487,215],{},[37,127489,127490],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,127491,127492],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127493,127494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127495,3852],{"class":412},[14,127497,127498],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127500,51964],{},[37,127502,127504],{"className":39,"code":127503,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[44,127505,127506,127519,127554,127558],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127507,127508,127511,127513,127515,127517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127509,127510],{"class":53},"document ",[47,127512,58],{"class":57},[47,127514,136],{"class":125},[47,127516,86774],{"class":129},[47,127518,3230],{"class":125},[47,127520,127521,127524,127526,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127541,127543,127545,127547,127550,127552],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127522,127523],{"class":53},"allowed ",[47,127525,58],{"class":57},[47,127527,62],{"class":61},[47,127529,126],{"class":125},[47,127531,126364],{"class":129},[47,127533,126],{"class":125},[47,127535,69],{"class":61},[47,127537,136],{"class":125},[47,127539,127540],{"class":129},".md",[47,127542,126],{"class":125},[47,127544,69],{"class":61},[47,127546,136],{"class":125},[47,127548,127549],{"class":129},".docx",[47,127551,126],{"class":125},[47,127553,80],{"class":61},[47,127555,127556],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,127557,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,127559,127560,127562,127564,127567,127569,127571,127573,127576],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,127561,167],{"class":166},[47,127563,170],{"class":61},[47,127565,127566],{"class":173},"document",[47,127568,30],{"class":61},[47,127570,126334],{"class":173},[47,127572,170],{"class":61},[47,127574,127575],{"class":173},"allowed",[47,127577,506],{"class":61},[14,127579,215],{},[37,127581,127582],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,127583,127584],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127585,127586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127587,3852],{"class":412},[14,127589,127590,127591,30],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[21,127592,126228,127594,10617],{"href":127593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[44,127595,127596],{},"startswith()",[32,127598,1284],{"id":1283},[14,127600,8324,127601,30],{},[44,127602,126286],{},[773,127604,127606],{"id":127605},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127608,4400],{},[37,127610,127612],{"className":39,"code":127611,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[44,127613,127614,127626],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127615,127616,127618,127620,127622,127624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127617,126311],{"class":53},[47,127619,58],{"class":57},[47,127621,136],{"class":125},[47,127623,127208],{"class":129},[47,127625,3230],{"class":125},[47,127627,127628],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127629,127630],{"class":1494},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127632,127633],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[37,127635,127637],{"className":39,"code":127636,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[44,127638,127639,127651],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127640,127641,127643,127645,127647,127649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127642,126311],{"class":53},[47,127644,58],{"class":57},[47,127646,136],{"class":125},[47,127648,127208],{"class":129},[47,127650,3230],{"class":125},[47,127652,127653,127655,127657,127659,127661,127663,127665,127667,127669,127671,127673,127675,127677,127679],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127654,167],{"class":166},[47,127656,170],{"class":61},[47,127658,126329],{"class":173},[47,127660,30],{"class":61},[47,127662,126334],{"class":173},[47,127664,5384],{"class":61},[47,127666,126],{"class":125},[47,127668,126719],{"class":129},[47,127670,126],{"class":125},[47,127672,69],{"class":61},[47,127674,136],{"class":125},[47,127676,126666],{"class":129},[47,127678,126],{"class":125},[47,127680,2788],{"class":61},[773,127682,127684],{"id":127683},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[37,127686,127688],{"className":39,"code":127687,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[44,127689,127690,127702],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127691,127692,127694,127696,127698,127700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127693,126311],{"class":53},[47,127695,58],{"class":57},[47,127697,136],{"class":125},[47,127699,127296],{"class":129},[47,127701,3230],{"class":125},[47,127703,127704,127706,127708,127710,127712,127714,127716,127718,127720,127722],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127705,167],{"class":166},[47,127707,170],{"class":61},[47,127709,126329],{"class":173},[47,127711,30],{"class":61},[47,127713,126334],{"class":173},[47,127715,170],{"class":61},[47,127717,126],{"class":125},[47,127719,126341],{"class":129},[47,127721,126],{"class":125},[47,127723,506],{"class":61},[14,127725,215],{},[37,127727,127728],{"className":39,"code":3913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,127729,127730],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127731,127732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127733,3913],{"class":412},[14,127735,39142],{},[37,127737,127738],{"className":39,"code":127372,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,127739,127740,127752],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127741,127742,127744,127746,127748,127750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127743,126311],{"class":53},[47,127745,58],{"class":57},[47,127747,136],{"class":125},[47,127749,127296],{"class":129},[47,127751,3230],{"class":125},[47,127753,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774,127776],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127755,167],{"class":166},[47,127757,170],{"class":61},[47,127759,126329],{"class":173},[47,127761,30],{"class":61},[47,127763,8518],{"class":173},[47,127765,8515],{"class":61},[47,127767,126334],{"class":173},[47,127769,170],{"class":61},[47,127771,126],{"class":125},[47,127773,126341],{"class":129},[47,127775,126],{"class":125},[47,127777,506],{"class":61},[773,127779,1502,127781,8582,127783],{"id":127780},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[44,127782,126286],{},[44,127784,3756],{},[14,127786,127787,127789],{},[44,127788,126286],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[37,127791,127793],{"className":39,"code":127792,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[44,127794,127795,127808,127812,127834],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127796,127797,127799,127801,127803,127806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127798,34568],{"class":53},[47,127800,58],{"class":57},[47,127802,136],{"class":125},[47,127804,127805],{"class":129},"my_report.csv.backup",[47,127807,3230],{"class":125},[47,127809,127810],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127811,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,127813,127814,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824,127826,127828,127830,127832],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,127815,167],{"class":166},[47,127817,170],{"class":61},[47,127819,34589],{"class":173},[47,127821,30],{"class":61},[47,127823,126334],{"class":173},[47,127825,170],{"class":61},[47,127827,126],{"class":125},[47,127829,126341],{"class":129},[47,127831,126],{"class":125},[47,127833,506],{"class":61},[47,127835,127836,127838,127840,127842,127844,127846,127848,127850],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,127837,167],{"class":166},[47,127839,170],{"class":61},[47,127841,126],{"class":125},[47,127843,126341],{"class":129},[47,127845,126],{"class":125},[47,127847,21049],{"class":3749},[47,127849,42723],{"class":173},[47,127851,80],{"class":61},[14,127853,215],{},[37,127855,127856],{"className":39,"code":127352,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,127857,127858,127862],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127859,127860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127861,3913],{"class":412},[47,127863,127864],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127865,3852],{"class":412},[773,127867,8330,127869,127871],{"id":127868},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[44,127870,126286],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127873,127874,127876],{},[44,127875,126286],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[37,127878,127880],{"className":39,"code":127879,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[44,127881,127882,127894,127916],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127883,127884,127886,127888,127890,127892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127885,126311],{"class":53},[47,127887,58],{"class":57},[47,127889,136],{"class":125},[47,127891,126318],{"class":129},[47,127893,3230],{"class":125},[47,127895,127896,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910,127912,127914],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127897,167],{"class":166},[47,127899,170],{"class":61},[47,127901,126329],{"class":173},[47,127903,30],{"class":61},[47,127905,126334],{"class":173},[47,127907,170],{"class":61},[47,127909,126],{"class":125},[47,127911,126341],{"class":129},[47,127913,126],{"class":125},[47,127915,506],{"class":61},[47,127917,127918,127920,127922,127924],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,127919,167],{"class":166},[47,127921,170],{"class":61},[47,127923,126329],{"class":173},[47,127925,80],{"class":61},[14,127927,215],{},[37,127929,127931],{"className":39,"code":127930,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nreport.csv\n",[44,127932,127933,127937],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127934,127935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127936,3852],{"class":412},[47,127938,127939,127942,127944],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127940,127941],{"class":53},"report",[47,127943,30],{"class":61},[47,127945,127946],{"class":24626},"csv\n",[14,127948,127949,127950,30],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[21,127951,127952],{"href":124398},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,127954,65942],{},[291,127956,127957,127960,127963,127966],{},[294,127958,127959],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[294,127961,127962],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[294,127964,127965],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[294,127967,8294,127968,44512,127970,25,127972,111427],{},[44,127969,126286],{},[44,127971,124401],{},[44,127973,41534],{},[14,127975,30013],{},[37,127977,127979],{"className":39,"code":127978,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[44,127980,127981,127991,128005,128027,128053],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,127982,127983,127985,127987,127989],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127984,167],{"class":166},[47,127986,170],{"class":61},[47,127988,34589],{"class":173},[47,127990,80],{"class":61},[47,127992,127993,127995,127997,127999,128001,128003],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127994,167],{"class":166},[47,127996,170],{"class":61},[47,127998,41660],{"class":166},[47,128000,170],{"class":61},[47,128002,34589],{"class":173},[47,128004,506],{"class":61},[47,128006,128007,128009,128011,128013,128015,128017,128019,128021,128023,128025],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128008,167],{"class":166},[47,128010,170],{"class":61},[47,128012,34589],{"class":173},[47,128014,30],{"class":61},[47,128016,126334],{"class":173},[47,128018,170],{"class":61},[47,128020,256],{"class":125},[47,128022,126341],{"class":129},[47,128024,256],{"class":125},[47,128026,506],{"class":61},[47,128028,128029,128031,128033,128035,128037,128039,128041,128043,128045,128047,128049,128051],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128030,167],{"class":166},[47,128032,170],{"class":61},[47,128034,34589],{"class":173},[47,128036,30],{"class":61},[47,128038,8518],{"class":173},[47,128040,8515],{"class":61},[47,128042,126334],{"class":173},[47,128044,170],{"class":61},[47,128046,256],{"class":125},[47,128048,126341],{"class":129},[47,128050,256],{"class":125},[47,128052,506],{"class":61},[47,128054,128055,128057,128059,128061,128063,128065],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,128056,167],{"class":166},[47,128058,170],{"class":61},[47,128060,499],{"class":118},[47,128062,170],{"class":61},[47,128064,34589],{"class":173},[47,128066,506],{"class":61},[32,128068,1708],{"id":1707},[773,128070,12584,128072,128074],{"id":128071},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[44,128073,126286],{}," change the string?",[14,128076,128077,128078,25,128080,30],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[44,128079,3477],{},[44,128081,3546],{},[773,128083,5044,128085,128087],{"id":128084},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[44,128086,126286],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128089,128090,128091,30],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[44,128092,128093],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[773,128095,14782,128097,124566],{"id":128096},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[44,128098,126286],{},[14,128100,128101,128102,25,128104,128107],{},"Yes. Use ",[44,128103,123960],{},[44,128105,128106],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[773,128109,5054,128111,4267,128113,2368],{"id":128110},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[44,128112,126286],{},[44,128114,124225],{},[14,128116,128117,128119,128120,128122],{},[44,128118,126286],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[44,128121,124225],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[32,128124,1758],{"id":1757},[291,128126,128127,128133,128139,128143,128147],{},[294,128128,128129],{},[21,128130,126228,128131,10617],{"href":127593},[44,128132,127596],{},[294,128134,128135],{},[21,128136,126228,128137,10617],{"href":123957},[44,128138,123960],{},[294,128140,128141],{},[21,128142,124629],{"href":123485},[294,128144,128145],{},[21,128146,124636],{"href":124398},[294,128148,128149],{},[21,128150,124983],{"href":50859},[1796,128152,128153],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":128155},[128156,128157,128159,128160,128165,128166,128172,128173,128174,128182,128192],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":126394,"depth":83,"text":128158},"What endswith() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":126609,"depth":83,"text":126610,"children":128161},[128162,128163,128164],{"id":126523,"depth":94,"text":126523},{"id":35955,"depth":94,"text":35955},{"id":52545,"depth":94,"text":52545},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":127022,"depth":83,"text":127023,"children":128167},[128168,128169,128170,128171],{"id":127026,"depth":94,"text":127027},{"id":127080,"depth":94,"text":127081},{"id":127137,"depth":94,"text":127138},{"id":127191,"depth":94,"text":127192},{"id":123876,"depth":83,"text":123877},{"id":127425,"depth":83,"text":127426},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":128175},[128176,128177,128178,128180],{"id":127605,"depth":94,"text":127606},{"id":127683,"depth":94,"text":127684},{"id":127780,"depth":94,"text":128179},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127868,"depth":94,"text":128181},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":128183},[128184,128186,128188,128190],{"id":128071,"depth":94,"text":128185},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128084,"depth":94,"text":128187},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128096,"depth":94,"text":128189},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128110,"depth":94,"text":128191},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126278,"description":128193},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128200,"title":128201,"body":128202,"description":129870,"extension":1837,"meta":129871,"navigation":159,"path":129872,"seo":129873,"stem":129874,"__hash__":129875},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128203,"toc":129843},[128204,128209,128214,128219,128224,128317,128327,128332,128337,128352,128354,128436,128444,128446,128448,128475,128477,128493,128500,128502,128610,128612,128617,128633,128635,128730,128738,128741,128747,128752,128757,128764,128903,128906,128919,128921,128925,128932,129002,129005,129054,129061,129068,129082,129087,129092,129138,129184,129200,129202,129207,129221,129224,129346,129351,129353,129358,129391,129394,129470,129472,129481,129495,129498,129582,129585,129696,129699,129727,129729,129736,129740,129746,129749,129755,129758,129765,129776,129782,129789,129791,129840],[10,128205,123230,128207,11199],{"id":128206},"python-string-find-method",[44,128208,124225],{},[14,128210,123235,128211,128213],{},[44,128212,124225],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128215,128216,128217,30],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[44,128218,65733],{},[14,128220,1967,128221,128223],{},[44,128222,124225],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[37,128225,128227],{"className":39,"code":128226,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[44,128228,128229,128241,128264,128277,128281,128304],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,128230,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128232,34568],{"class":53},[47,128234,58],{"class":57},[47,128236,136],{"class":125},[47,128238,60287],{"class":129},[47,128240,3230],{"class":125},[47,128242,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128254,128256,128258,128260,128262],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128244,64798],{"class":53},[47,128246,58],{"class":57},[47,128248,42723],{"class":53},[47,128250,30],{"class":61},[47,128252,128253],{"class":173},"find",[47,128255,170],{"class":61},[47,128257,126],{"class":125},[47,128259,60472],{"class":129},[47,128261,126],{"class":125},[47,128263,80],{"class":61},[47,128265,128266,128268,128270,128272,128274],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128267,167],{"class":166},[47,128269,170],{"class":61},[47,128271,64825],{"class":173},[47,128273,3533],{"class":61},[47,128275,128276],{"class":1494},"   # 6\n",[47,128278,128279],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128280,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,128282,128283,128286,128288,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,128284,128285],{"class":53},"missing ",[47,128287,58],{"class":57},[47,128289,42723],{"class":53},[47,128291,30],{"class":61},[47,128293,128253],{"class":173},[47,128295,170],{"class":61},[47,128297,126],{"class":125},[47,128299,41],{"class":129},[47,128301,126],{"class":125},[47,128303,80],{"class":61},[47,128305,128306,128308,128310,128312,128314],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,128307,167],{"class":166},[47,128309,170],{"class":61},[47,128311,26650],{"class":173},[47,128313,3533],{"class":61},[47,128315,128316],{"class":1494},"    # -1\n",[43462,128318,128319],{},[14,128320,1967,128321,128323,128324,128326],{},[44,128322,124225],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[44,128325,65733],{}," if the substring is not found.",[32,128328,3550,128330,3553],{"id":128329},"what-find-does",[44,128331,124225],{},[14,128333,128334,128336],{},[44,128335,124225],{}," is a string method that:",[291,128338,128339,128342,128345,128350],{},[294,128340,128341],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[294,128343,128344],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[294,128346,11301,128347,128349],{},[44,128348,65733],{}," if no match is found",[294,128351,126414],{},[14,128353,2083],{},[37,128355,128357],{"className":39,"code":128356,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[44,128358,128359,128371,128375,128399,128423],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,128360,128361,128363,128365,128367,128369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128362,34568],{"class":53},[47,128364,58],{"class":57},[47,128366,136],{"class":125},[47,128368,3960],{"class":129},[47,128370,3230],{"class":125},[47,128372,128373],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128374,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,128376,128377,128379,128381,128383,128385,128387,128389,128391,128393,128395,128397],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128378,167],{"class":166},[47,128380,170],{"class":61},[47,128382,34589],{"class":173},[47,128384,30],{"class":61},[47,128386,128253],{"class":173},[47,128388,170],{"class":61},[47,128390,126],{"class":125},[47,128392,123323],{"class":129},[47,128394,126],{"class":125},[47,128396,5235],{"class":61},[47,128398,57528],{"class":1494},[47,128400,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411,128413,128415,128417,128419,128421],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128402,167],{"class":166},[47,128404,170],{"class":61},[47,128406,34589],{"class":173},[47,128408,30],{"class":61},[47,128410,128253],{"class":173},[47,128412,170],{"class":61},[47,128414,126],{"class":125},[47,128416,2049],{"class":129},[47,128418,126],{"class":125},[47,128420,5235],{"class":61},[47,128422,128316],{"class":1494},[47,128424,128425,128427,128429,128431,128433],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,128426,167],{"class":166},[47,128428,170],{"class":61},[47,128430,34589],{"class":173},[47,128432,3533],{"class":61},[47,128434,128435],{"class":1494},"              # banana\n",[14,128437,20648,128438,128441,128442,30],{},[44,128439,128440],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[44,128443,1931],{},[32,128445,2032],{"id":2031},[14,128447,2035],{},[37,128449,128451],{"className":39,"code":128450,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[44,128452,128453],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,128454,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463,128465,128467,128469,128471,128473],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128456,61055],{"class":53},[47,128458,30],{"class":61},[47,128460,128253],{"class":173},[47,128462,170],{"class":61},[47,128464,605],{"class":173},[47,128466,69],{"class":61},[47,128468,35934],{"class":173},[47,128470,69],{"class":61},[47,128472,64919],{"class":173},[47,128474,80],{"class":61},[773,128476,17272],{"id":17271},[291,128478,128479,128483,128488],{},[294,128480,128481,123422],{},[44,128482,605],{},[294,128484,128485,128487],{},[44,128486,35955],{},": optional starting position",[294,128489,128490,128492],{},[44,128491,52545],{},": optional ending position",[14,128494,128495,4267,128497,128499],{},[44,128496,35955],{},[44,128498,52545],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128501,126557],{},[37,128503,128505],{"className":39,"code":128504,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[44,128506,128507,128519,128523,128548,128577],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,128508,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128510,34568],{"class":53},[47,128512,58],{"class":57},[47,128514,136],{"class":125},[47,128516,60287],{"class":129},[47,128518,3230],{"class":125},[47,128520,128521],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128522,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,128524,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128526,167],{"class":166},[47,128528,170],{"class":61},[47,128530,34589],{"class":173},[47,128532,30],{"class":61},[47,128534,128253],{"class":173},[47,128536,170],{"class":61},[47,128538,126],{"class":125},[47,128540,60354],{"class":129},[47,128542,126],{"class":125},[47,128544,5235],{"class":61},[47,128546,128547],{"class":1494},"        # 4\n",[47,128549,128550,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560,128562,128564,128566,128568,128570,128572,128574],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128551,167],{"class":166},[47,128553,170],{"class":61},[47,128555,34589],{"class":173},[47,128557,30],{"class":61},[47,128559,128253],{"class":173},[47,128561,170],{"class":61},[47,128563,126],{"class":125},[47,128565,60354],{"class":129},[47,128567,126],{"class":125},[47,128569,69],{"class":61},[47,128571,4480],{"class":65},[47,128573,5235],{"class":61},[47,128575,128576],{"class":1494},"     # 7\n",[47,128578,128579,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,128580,167],{"class":166},[47,128582,170],{"class":61},[47,128584,34589],{"class":173},[47,128586,30],{"class":61},[47,128588,128253],{"class":173},[47,128590,170],{"class":61},[47,128592,126],{"class":125},[47,128594,60354],{"class":129},[47,128596,126],{"class":125},[47,128598,69],{"class":61},[47,128600,4480],{"class":65},[47,128602,69],{"class":61},[47,128604,5868],{"class":65},[47,128606,5235],{"class":61},[47,128608,128609],{"class":1494},"  # -1\n",[32,128611,37902],{"id":37901},[14,128613,57427,128614,128616],{},[44,128615,124225],{}," is always an integer.",[291,128618,128619,128625,128628],{},[294,128620,128621,128622,128624],{},"A number ",[44,128623,1237],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[294,128626,128627],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[294,128629,128630,128632],{},[44,128631,65733],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128634,2083],{},[37,128636,128638],{"className":39,"code":128637,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[44,128639,128640,128652,128656,128681,128706],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,128641,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128643,34568],{"class":53},[47,128645,58],{"class":57},[47,128647,136],{"class":125},[47,128649,41],{"class":129},[47,128651,3230],{"class":125},[47,128653,128654],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128655,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,128657,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128675,128677,128679],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128659,167],{"class":166},[47,128661,170],{"class":61},[47,128663,34589],{"class":173},[47,128665,30],{"class":61},[47,128667,128253],{"class":173},[47,128669,170],{"class":61},[47,128671,126],{"class":125},[47,128673,128674],{"class":129},"py",[47,128676,126],{"class":125},[47,128678,5235],{"class":61},[47,128680,20645],{"class":1494},[47,128682,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128700,128702,128704],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128684,167],{"class":166},[47,128686,170],{"class":61},[47,128688,34589],{"class":173},[47,128690,30],{"class":61},[47,128692,128253],{"class":173},[47,128694,170],{"class":61},[47,128696,126],{"class":125},[47,128698,128699],{"class":129},"th",[47,128701,126],{"class":125},[47,128703,5235],{"class":61},[47,128705,57528],{"class":1494},[47,128707,128708,128710,128712,128714,128716,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,128709,167],{"class":166},[47,128711,170],{"class":61},[47,128713,34589],{"class":173},[47,128715,30],{"class":61},[47,128717,128253],{"class":173},[47,128719,170],{"class":61},[47,128721,126],{"class":125},[47,128723,21953],{"class":129},[47,128725,126],{"class":125},[47,128727,5235],{"class":61},[47,128729,128316],{"class":1494},[14,128731,89789,128732,8333,128734,25,128736,30],{},[44,128733,124225],{},[44,128735,3477],{},[44,128737,3546],{},[14,128739,128740],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[32,128742,8294,128743,4267,128745],{"id":65285},[44,128744,35955],{},[44,128746,52545],{},[14,128748,1967,128749,128751],{},[44,128750,35955],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128753,1967,128754,128756],{},[44,128755,52545],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128758,1854,128759,75341,128761,128763],{},[44,128760,52545],{},[575,128762,64948],{}," in the search.",[37,128765,128767],{"className":39,"code":128766,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[44,128768,128769,128782,128786,128810,128839,128871],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,128770,128771,128773,128775,128777,128780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128772,34568],{"class":53},[47,128774,58],{"class":57},[47,128776,136],{"class":125},[47,128778,128779],{"class":129},"one two three two",[47,128781,3230],{"class":125},[47,128783,128784],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128785,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,128787,128788,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128789,167],{"class":166},[47,128791,170],{"class":61},[47,128793,34589],{"class":173},[47,128795,30],{"class":61},[47,128797,128253],{"class":173},[47,128799,170],{"class":61},[47,128801,126],{"class":125},[47,128803,79150],{"class":129},[47,128805,126],{"class":125},[47,128807,5235],{"class":61},[47,128809,128547],{"class":1494},[47,128811,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128813,167],{"class":166},[47,128815,170],{"class":61},[47,128817,34589],{"class":173},[47,128819,30],{"class":61},[47,128821,128253],{"class":173},[47,128823,170],{"class":61},[47,128825,126],{"class":125},[47,128827,79150],{"class":129},[47,128829,126],{"class":125},[47,128831,69],{"class":61},[47,128833,4480],{"class":65},[47,128835,5235],{"class":61},[47,128837,128838],{"class":1494},"     # 14\n",[47,128840,128841,128843,128845,128847,128849,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867,128869],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,128842,167],{"class":166},[47,128844,170],{"class":61},[47,128846,34589],{"class":173},[47,128848,30],{"class":61},[47,128850,128253],{"class":173},[47,128852,170],{"class":61},[47,128854,126],{"class":125},[47,128856,79150],{"class":129},[47,128858,126],{"class":125},[47,128860,69],{"class":61},[47,128862,3706],{"class":65},[47,128864,69],{"class":61},[47,128866,5868],{"class":65},[47,128868,5235],{"class":61},[47,128870,50819],{"class":1494},[47,128872,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883,128885,128887,128889,128891,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,128874,167],{"class":166},[47,128876,170],{"class":61},[47,128878,34589],{"class":173},[47,128880,30],{"class":61},[47,128882,128253],{"class":173},[47,128884,170],{"class":61},[47,128886,126],{"class":125},[47,128888,79150],{"class":129},[47,128890,126],{"class":125},[47,128892,69],{"class":61},[47,128894,3706],{"class":65},[47,128896,69],{"class":61},[47,128898,2333],{"class":65},[47,128900,5235],{"class":61},[47,128902,128609],{"class":1494},[14,128904,128905],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,128907,128908,128909,54954,128913,30],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[21,128910,128912],{"href":128911},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[21,128914,128916,128918],{"href":128915},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[44,128917,60412],{}," string method",[32,128920,123877],{"id":123876},[14,128922,128923,123688],{},[44,128924,124225],{},[14,128926,127273,128927,4267,128929,128931],{},[44,128928,90297],{},[44,128930,64414],{}," are treated as different text.",[37,128933,128935],{"className":39,"code":128934,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[44,128936,128937,128950,128954,128978],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,128938,128939,128941,128943,128945,128948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128940,34568],{"class":53},[47,128942,58],{"class":57},[47,128944,136],{"class":125},[47,128946,128947],{"class":129},"Hello World",[47,128949,3230],{"class":125},[47,128951,128952],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128953,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,128955,128956,128958,128960,128962,128964,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974,128976],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128957,167],{"class":166},[47,128959,170],{"class":61},[47,128961,34589],{"class":173},[47,128963,30],{"class":61},[47,128965,128253],{"class":173},[47,128967,170],{"class":61},[47,128969,126],{"class":125},[47,128971,34748],{"class":129},[47,128973,126],{"class":125},[47,128975,5235],{"class":61},[47,128977,51131],{"class":1494},[47,128979,128980,128982,128984,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994,128996,128998,129000],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128981,167],{"class":166},[47,128983,170],{"class":61},[47,128985,34589],{"class":173},[47,128987,30],{"class":61},[47,128989,128253],{"class":173},[47,128991,170],{"class":61},[47,128993,126],{"class":125},[47,128995,3718],{"class":129},[47,128997,126],{"class":125},[47,128999,5235],{"class":61},[47,129001,128609],{"class":1494},[14,129003,129004],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[37,129006,129008],{"className":39,"code":129007,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[44,129009,129010,129022,129026],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,129011,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129013,34568],{"class":53},[47,129015,58],{"class":57},[47,129017,136],{"class":125},[47,129019,128947],{"class":129},[47,129021,3230],{"class":125},[47,129023,129024],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129025,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,129027,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129029,167],{"class":166},[47,129031,170],{"class":61},[47,129033,34589],{"class":173},[47,129035,30],{"class":61},[47,129037,8518],{"class":173},[47,129039,8515],{"class":61},[47,129041,128253],{"class":173},[47,129043,170],{"class":61},[47,129045,126],{"class":125},[47,129047,3718],{"class":129},[47,129049,126],{"class":125},[47,129051,5235],{"class":61},[47,129053,51131],{"class":1494},[32,129055,129057,10461,129059],{"id":129056},"find-vs-index",[44,129058,124225],{},[44,129060,58851],{},[14,129062,129063,4267,129065,129067],{},[44,129064,124225],{},[44,129066,58851],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[291,129069,129070,129076],{},[294,129071,129072,2274,129074],{},[44,129073,124225],{},[44,129075,65733],{},[294,129077,129078,52379,129080],{},[44,129079,58851],{},[44,129081,40585],{},[14,129083,1967,129084,129086],{},[44,129085,124225],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129088,1967,129089,129091],{},[44,129090,58851],{}," when the value must exist.",[37,129093,129095],{"className":39,"code":129094,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[44,129096,129097,129109,129113],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,129098,129099,129101,129103,129105,129107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129100,34568],{"class":53},[47,129102,58],{"class":57},[47,129104,136],{"class":125},[47,129106,3718],{"class":129},[47,129108,3230],{"class":125},[47,129110,129111],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129112,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,129114,129115,129117,129119,129121,129123,129125,129127,129129,129131,129133,129135],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129116,167],{"class":166},[47,129118,170],{"class":61},[47,129120,34589],{"class":173},[47,129122,30],{"class":61},[47,129124,128253],{"class":173},[47,129126,170],{"class":61},[47,129128,126],{"class":125},[47,129130,2049],{"class":129},[47,129132,126],{"class":125},[47,129134,5235],{"class":61},[47,129136,129137],{"class":1494},"   # -1\n",[37,129139,129141],{"className":39,"code":129140,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[44,129142,129143,129155,129159],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,129144,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129146,34568],{"class":53},[47,129148,58],{"class":57},[47,129150,136],{"class":125},[47,129152,3718],{"class":129},[47,129154,3230],{"class":125},[47,129156,129157],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129158,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,129160,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177,129179,129181],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129162,167],{"class":166},[47,129164,170],{"class":61},[47,129166,34589],{"class":173},[47,129168,30],{"class":61},[47,129170,35728],{"class":173},[47,129172,170],{"class":61},[47,129174,126],{"class":125},[47,129176,2049],{"class":129},[47,129178,126],{"class":125},[47,129180,5235],{"class":61},[47,129182,129183],{"class":1494},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129185,129186,129187,129191,129192,129194,129195,30],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[21,129188,129189,128918],{"href":124250},[44,129190,58851],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[44,129193,58851],{},", read ",[21,129196,25556,129197],{"href":73361},[44,129198,129199],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[32,129201,40927],{"id":40926},[14,129203,35287,129204,129206],{},[44,129205,124225],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[291,129208,129209,129212,129215,129218],{},[294,129210,129211],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[294,129213,129214],{},"Get the position of a word",[294,129216,129217],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[294,129219,129220],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129222,129223],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[37,129225,129227],{"className":39,"code":129226,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[44,129228,129229,129242,129265,129269,129284,129300,129319,129333],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,129230,129231,129233,129235,129237,129240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129232,34568],{"class":53},[47,129234,58],{"class":57},[47,129236,136],{"class":125},[47,129238,129239],{"class":129},"name:Alice",[47,129241,3230],{"class":125},[47,129243,129244,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129245,129246],{"class":53},"colon_pos ",[47,129248,58],{"class":57},[47,129250,42723],{"class":53},[47,129252,30],{"class":61},[47,129254,128253],{"class":173},[47,129256,170],{"class":61},[47,129258,126],{"class":125},[47,129260,2760],{"class":129},[47,129262,126],{"class":125},[47,129264,80],{"class":61},[47,129266,129267],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129268,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,129270,129271,129273,129276,129278,129280,129282],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,129272,6871],{"class":3749},[47,129274,129275],{"class":53}," colon_pos ",[47,129277,72471],{"class":57},[47,129279,2098],{"class":57},[47,129281,66],{"class":65},[47,129283,6268],{"class":61},[47,129285,129286,129289,129291,129293,129295,129298],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,129287,129288],{"class":53},"    label ",[47,129290,58],{"class":57},[47,129292,42723],{"class":53},[47,129294,75414],{"class":61},[47,129296,129297],{"class":53},"colon_pos",[47,129299,1402],{"class":61},[47,129301,129302,129304,129306,129308,129310,129312,129314,129316],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,129303,27278],{"class":53},[47,129305,58],{"class":57},[47,129307,42723],{"class":53},[47,129309,3773],{"class":61},[47,129311,129246],{"class":53},[47,129313,1934],{"class":57},[47,129315,1242],{"class":65},[47,129317,129318],{"class":61},":]\n",[47,129320,129321,129323,129325,129328,129330],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,129322,7944],{"class":166},[47,129324,170],{"class":61},[47,129326,129327],{"class":173},"label",[47,129329,3533],{"class":61},[47,129331,129332],{"class":1494},"  # name\n",[47,129334,129335,129337,129339,129341,129343],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,129336,7944],{"class":166},[47,129338,170],{"class":61},[47,129340,605],{"class":173},[47,129342,3533],{"class":61},[47,129344,129345],{"class":1494},"  # Alice\n",[14,129347,129348,129349,30],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[21,129350,127264],{"href":123485},[32,129352,1284],{"id":1283},[14,129354,129355,129356,2760],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[44,129357,124225],{},[291,129359,129360,129369,129375,129380,129386],{},[294,129361,8330,129362,8333,129364,25,129366,129368],{},[44,129363,124225],{},[44,129365,3477],{},[44,129367,3546],{}," instead of an index",[294,129370,129371,129372,129374],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[44,129373,65733],{}," when the substring is missing",[294,129376,8294,129377,129379],{},[44,129378,124225],{}," without handling case differences",[294,129381,1502,129382,8582,129384],{},[44,129383,124225],{},[44,129385,58851],{},[294,129387,4454,129388,129390],{},[44,129389,124225],{}," changes the string",[14,129392,129393],{},"Example of a mistake:",[37,129395,129397],{"className":39,"code":129396,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[44,129398,129399,129411,129415,129435,129450,129456],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,129400,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129402,34568],{"class":53},[47,129404,58],{"class":57},[47,129406,136],{"class":125},[47,129408,3718],{"class":129},[47,129410,3230],{"class":125},[47,129412,129413],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129414,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,129416,129417,129419,129421,129423,129425,129427,129429,129431,129433],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129418,6871],{"class":3749},[47,129420,42723],{"class":53},[47,129422,30],{"class":61},[47,129424,128253],{"class":173},[47,129426,170],{"class":61},[47,129428,126],{"class":125},[47,129430,60319],{"class":129},[47,129432,126],{"class":125},[47,129434,8218],{"class":61},[47,129436,129437,129439,129441,129443,129446,129448],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,129438,7944],{"class":166},[47,129440,170],{"class":61},[47,129442,126],{"class":125},[47,129444,129445],{"class":129},"Found",[47,129447,126],{"class":125},[47,129449,80],{"class":61},[47,129451,129452,129454],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,129453,27311],{"class":3749},[47,129455,6268],{"class":61},[47,129457,129458,129460,129462,129464,129466,129468],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,129459,7944],{"class":166},[47,129461,170],{"class":61},[47,129463,126],{"class":125},[47,129465,26192],{"class":129},[47,129467,126],{"class":125},[47,129469,80],{"class":61},[14,129471,99795],{},[37,129473,129475],{"className":39,"code":129474,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Not found\n",[44,129476,129477],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,129478,129479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129480,129474],{"class":53},[14,129482,45586,129483,129486,129487,16949,129489,129491,129492,129494],{},[44,129484,129485],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[44,129488,1237],{},[44,129490,1237],{}," is treated as false in an ",[44,129493,6871],{}," statement.",[14,129496,129497],{},"A safer version is:",[37,129499,129501],{"className":39,"code":129500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[44,129502,129503,129515,129519,129548,129562,129568],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,129504,129505,129507,129509,129511,129513],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129506,34568],{"class":53},[47,129508,58],{"class":57},[47,129510,136],{"class":125},[47,129512,3718],{"class":129},[47,129514,3230],{"class":125},[47,129516,129517],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129518,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,129520,129521,129523,129525,129527,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537,129539,129542,129544,129546],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129522,6871],{"class":3749},[47,129524,42723],{"class":53},[47,129526,30],{"class":61},[47,129528,128253],{"class":173},[47,129530,170],{"class":61},[47,129532,126],{"class":125},[47,129534,60319],{"class":129},[47,129536,126],{"class":125},[47,129538,3533],{"class":61},[47,129540,129541],{"class":57}," !=",[47,129543,2098],{"class":57},[47,129545,66],{"class":65},[47,129547,6268],{"class":61},[47,129549,129550,129552,129554,129556,129558,129560],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,129551,7944],{"class":166},[47,129553,170],{"class":61},[47,129555,126],{"class":125},[47,129557,129445],{"class":129},[47,129559,126],{"class":125},[47,129561,80],{"class":61},[47,129563,129564,129566],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,129565,27311],{"class":3749},[47,129567,6268],{"class":61},[47,129569,129570,129572,129574,129576,129578,129580],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,129571,7944],{"class":166},[47,129573,170],{"class":61},[47,129575,126],{"class":125},[47,129577,26192],{"class":129},[47,129579,126],{"class":125},[47,129581,80],{"class":61},[14,129583,129584],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[37,129586,129588],{"className":39,"code":129587,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[44,129589,129590,129612,129626,129652,129666],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,129591,129592,129594,129596,129598,129600,129602,129604,129606,129608,129610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129593,167],{"class":166},[47,129595,170],{"class":61},[47,129597,34589],{"class":173},[47,129599,30],{"class":61},[47,129601,128253],{"class":173},[47,129603,170],{"class":61},[47,129605,256],{"class":125},[47,129607,1610],{"class":129},[47,129609,256],{"class":125},[47,129611,506],{"class":61},[47,129613,129614,129616,129618,129620,129622,129624],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129615,167],{"class":166},[47,129617,170],{"class":61},[47,129619,41660],{"class":166},[47,129621,170],{"class":61},[47,129623,34589],{"class":173},[47,129625,506],{"class":61},[47,129627,129628,129630,129632,129634,129636,129638,129640,129642,129644,129646,129648,129650],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129629,167],{"class":166},[47,129631,170],{"class":61},[47,129633,34589],{"class":173},[47,129635,30],{"class":61},[47,129637,8518],{"class":173},[47,129639,8515],{"class":61},[47,129641,128253],{"class":173},[47,129643,170],{"class":61},[47,129645,256],{"class":125},[47,129647,1610],{"class":129},[47,129649,256],{"class":125},[47,129651,506],{"class":61},[47,129653,129654,129656,129658,129660,129662,129664],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,129655,167],{"class":166},[47,129657,170],{"class":61},[47,129659,1698],{"class":166},[47,129661,170],{"class":61},[47,129663,34589],{"class":173},[47,129665,506],{"class":61},[47,129667,129668,129670,129672,129674,129676,129678,129680,129682,129684,129686,129688,129690,129692,129694],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,129669,167],{"class":166},[47,129671,170],{"class":61},[47,129673,34589],{"class":173},[47,129675,30],{"class":61},[47,129677,128253],{"class":173},[47,129679,170],{"class":61},[47,129681,256],{"class":125},[47,129683,1610],{"class":129},[47,129685,256],{"class":125},[47,129687,69],{"class":61},[47,129689,35934],{"class":173},[47,129691,69],{"class":61},[47,129693,64919],{"class":173},[47,129695,506],{"class":61},[14,129697,129698],{},"These help you check:",[291,129700,129701,129706,129711,129716,129719],{},[294,129702,129703,129704],{},"The actual result from ",[44,129705,124225],{},[294,129707,129708,129709],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[44,129710,122444],{},[294,129712,129713,129714],{},"Case differences with ",[44,129715,123960],{},[294,129717,129718],{},"The string length",[294,129720,129721,129722,4267,129724,129726],{},"Whether your ",[44,129723,35955],{},[44,129725,52545],{}," values are correct",[32,129728,1708],{"id":1707},[773,129730,129732,129733,129735],{"id":129731},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[44,129734,124225],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129737,1750,129738,30],{},[44,129739,65733],{},[773,129741,12584,129743,129745],{"id":129742},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[44,129744,124225],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129747,129748],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[773,129750,129752,129753,124566],{"id":129751},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[44,129754,124225],{},[14,129756,129757],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[773,129759,5054,129761,4267,129763,69534],{"id":129760},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[44,129762,124225],{},[44,129764,58851],{},[14,129766,129767,2274,129769,129771,129772,52379,129774,30],{},[44,129768,124225],{},[44,129770,65733],{}," if not found, while ",[44,129773,58851],{},[44,129775,40585],{},[773,129777,28206,129779,129781],{"id":129778},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[44,129780,124225],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129783,129784,129785,4267,129787,66032],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[44,129786,35955],{},[44,129788,52545],{},[32,129790,1758],{"id":1757},[291,129792,129793,129799,129805,129812,129818,129825,129829,129834],{},[294,129794,129795],{},[21,129796,126228,129797,10617],{"href":124250},[44,129798,58851],{},[294,129800,129801],{},[21,129802,126228,129803,10617],{"href":128915},[44,129804,60412],{},[294,129806,129807],{},[21,129808,126228,129810,10617],{"href":129809},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[44,129811,124401],{},[294,129813,129814],{},[21,129815,126228,129816,10617],{"href":127593},[44,129817,127596],{},[294,129819,129820],{},[21,129821,126228,129823,10617],{"href":129822},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[44,129824,126286],{},[294,129826,129827],{},[21,129828,124629],{"href":123485},[294,129830,129831],{},[21,129832,129833],{"href":128911},"How to split a string in Python",[294,129835,129836],{},[21,129837,25999,129838],{"href":73361},[44,129839,129199],{},[1796,129841,129842],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":129844},[129845,129847,129850,129851,129852,129853,129855,129856,129857,129869],{"id":128329,"depth":83,"text":129846},"What find() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032,"children":129848},[129849],{"id":17271,"depth":94,"text":17272},{"id":37901,"depth":83,"text":37902},{"id":65285,"depth":83,"text":66068},{"id":123876,"depth":83,"text":123877},{"id":129056,"depth":83,"text":129854},"find() vs index()",{"id":40926,"depth":83,"text":40927},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":129858},[129859,129861,129863,129865,129867],{"id":129731,"depth":94,"text":129860},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129742,"depth":94,"text":129862},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129751,"depth":94,"text":129864},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129760,"depth":94,"text":129866},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129778,"depth":94,"text":129868},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128201,"description":129870},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129877,"title":129878,"body":129879,"description":131805,"extension":1837,"meta":131806,"navigation":159,"path":131807,"seo":131808,"stem":131809,"__hash__":131810},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129880,"toc":131773},[129881,129886,129891,129894,129896,129972,129976,130004,130012,130016,130021,130025,130042,130044,130111,130115,130137,130145,130147,130150,130174,130177,130191,130193,130278,130282,130294,130297,130301,130307,130357,130361,130378,130387,130390,130398,130401,130450,130454,130479,130482,130537,130541,130553,130559,130563,130569,130574,130641,130645,130671,130674,130685,130687,130754,130758,130783,130790,130794,130799,130806,130814,130816,130868,130872,130890,130892,130937,130941,130956,130959,130969,130976,130978,130982,130985,130996,130998,131058,131062,131090,131093,131099,131104,131107,131111,131155,131158,131196,131199,131207,131209,131214,131218,131221,131269,131272,131275,131331,131335,131340,131343,131392,131394,131443,131449,131454,131456,131503,131507,131520,131522,131573,131579,131582,131586,131589,131595,131600,131602,131605,131677,131680,131697,131699,131704,131707,131711,131717,131723,131730,131736,131742,131744,131770],[10,129882,123230,129884,11199],{"id":129883},"python-string-format-method",[44,129885,126231],{},[14,129887,123235,129888,129890],{},[44,129889,126231],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129892,129893],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[32,129895,35],{"id":34},[37,129897,129899],{"className":39,"code":129898,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[44,129900,129901,129913,129921,129925,129962],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,129902,129903,129905,129907,129909,129911],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129904,7751],{"class":53},[47,129906,58],{"class":57},[47,129908,136],{"class":125},[47,129910,11387],{"class":129},[47,129912,3230],{"class":125},[47,129914,129915,129917,129919],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129916,21504],{"class":53},[47,129918,58],{"class":57},[47,129920,88678],{"class":65},[47,129922,129923],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129924,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,129926,129927,129929,129931,129933,129936,129938,129941,129943,129945,129947,129949,129952,129954,129956,129958,129960],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,129928,89886],{"class":53},[47,129930,58],{"class":57},[47,129932,136],{"class":125},[47,129934,129935],{"class":129},"My name is ",[47,129937,3665],{"class":65},[47,129939,129940],{"class":129}," and I am ",[47,129942,3665],{"class":65},[47,129944,122226],{"class":129},[47,129946,126],{"class":125},[47,129948,30],{"class":61},[47,129950,129951],{"class":173},"format",[47,129953,170],{"class":61},[47,129955,7542],{"class":173},[47,129957,69],{"class":61},[47,129959,9066],{"class":173},[47,129961,80],{"class":61},[47,129963,129964,129966,129968,129970],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,129965,167],{"class":166},[47,129967,170],{"class":61},[47,129969,89903],{"class":173},[47,129971,80],{"class":61},[14,129973,129974],{},[575,129975,215],{},[37,129977,129979],{"className":39,"code":129978,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[44,129980,129981],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,129982,129983,129986,129988,129991,129994,129997,130000,130002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129984,129985],{"class":53},"My name ",[47,129987,12073],{"class":57},[47,129989,129990],{"class":53}," Maya ",[47,129992,129993],{"class":57},"and",[47,129995,129996],{"class":53}," I am ",[47,129998,129999],{"class":65},"12",[47,130001,122259],{"class":53},[47,130003,122262],{"class":61},[14,130005,1967,130006,130008,130009,130011],{},[44,130007,3665],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[44,130010,126231],{}," in the same order.",[14,130013,124980,130014,30],{},[21,130015,124983],{"href":50859},[32,130017,12876,130019,12879],{"id":130018},"what-the-format-method-does",[44,130020,126231],{},[14,130022,1854,130023,11290],{},[44,130024,126231],{},[291,130026,130027,130030,130036,130039],{},[294,130028,130029],{},"inserts values into a string",[294,130031,130032,130033,130035],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[44,130034,3665],{}," with given values",[294,130037,130038],{},"returns a new string",[294,130040,130041],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130043,2083],{},[37,130045,130047],{"className":39,"code":130046,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[44,130048,130049,130063,130086,130090,130101],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130050,130051,130053,130055,130057,130059,130061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130052,34568],{"class":53},[47,130054,58],{"class":57},[47,130056,136],{"class":125},[47,130058,44784],{"class":129},[47,130060,3665],{"class":65},[47,130062,3230],{"class":125},[47,130064,130065,130068,130070,130072,130074,130076,130078,130080,130082,130084],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130066,130067],{"class":53},"new_text ",[47,130069,58],{"class":57},[47,130071,42723],{"class":53},[47,130073,30],{"class":61},[47,130075,129951],{"class":173},[47,130077,170],{"class":61},[47,130079,126],{"class":125},[47,130081,7551],{"class":129},[47,130083,126],{"class":125},[47,130085,80],{"class":61},[47,130087,130088],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,130089,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,130091,130092,130094,130096,130099],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,130093,167],{"class":166},[47,130095,170],{"class":61},[47,130097,130098],{"class":173},"new_text",[47,130100,80],{"class":61},[47,130102,130103,130105,130107,130109],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,130104,167],{"class":166},[47,130106,170],{"class":61},[47,130108,34589],{"class":173},[47,130110,80],{"class":61},[14,130112,130113],{},[575,130114,215],{},[37,130116,130118],{"className":39,"code":130117,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[44,130119,130120,130129],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130121,130122,130124,130126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130123,34748],{"class":53},[47,130125,69],{"class":61},[47,130127,130128],{"class":53}," Sam\n",[47,130130,130131,130133,130135],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130132,34748],{"class":53},[47,130134,69],{"class":61},[47,130136,9713],{"class":61},[14,130138,2163,130139,130141,130142,130144],{},[44,130140,34589],{}," stays the same. ",[44,130143,126231],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[32,130146,2032],{"id":2031},[14,130148,130149],{},"The general form is:",[37,130151,130153],{"className":39,"code":130152,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[44,130154,130155],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130156,130157,130159,130162,130164,130166,130168,130170,130172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130158,126],{"class":43210},[47,130160,130161],{"class":43214},"text {}",[47,130163,126],{"class":43210},[47,130165,30],{"class":61},[47,130167,129951],{"class":173},[47,130169,170],{"class":61},[47,130171,605],{"class":173},[47,130173,80],{"class":61},[14,130175,130176],{},"Key idea:",[291,130178,130179,130185,130188],{},[294,130180,130181,130182,130184],{},"each ",[44,130183,3665],{}," is a placeholder",[294,130186,130187],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[294,130189,130190],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130192,2083],{},[37,130194,130196],{"className":39,"code":130195,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[44,130197,130198,130211,130225,130229,130267],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130199,130200,130203,130205,130207,130209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130201,130202],{"class":53},"animal ",[47,130204,58],{"class":57},[47,130206,136],{"class":125},[47,130208,36929],{"class":129},[47,130210,3230],{"class":125},[47,130212,130213,130216,130218,130220,130223],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130214,130215],{"class":53},"sound ",[47,130217,58],{"class":57},[47,130219,136],{"class":125},[47,130221,130222],{"class":129},"meow",[47,130224,3230],{"class":125},[47,130226,130227],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,130228,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,130230,130231,130234,130236,130238,130240,130242,130245,130247,130249,130251,130253,130255,130257,130260,130262,130265],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,130232,130233],{"class":53},"sentence ",[47,130235,58],{"class":57},[47,130237,136],{"class":125},[47,130239,1854],{"class":129},[47,130241,3665],{"class":65},[47,130243,130244],{"class":129}," says ",[47,130246,3665],{"class":65},[47,130248,30],{"class":129},[47,130250,126],{"class":125},[47,130252,30],{"class":61},[47,130254,129951],{"class":173},[47,130256,170],{"class":61},[47,130258,130259],{"class":173},"animal",[47,130261,69],{"class":61},[47,130263,130264],{"class":173}," sound",[47,130266,80],{"class":61},[47,130268,130269,130271,130273,130276],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,130270,167],{"class":166},[47,130272,170],{"class":61},[47,130274,130275],{"class":173},"sentence",[47,130277,80],{"class":61},[14,130279,130280],{},[575,130281,215],{},[37,130283,130285],{"className":39,"code":130284,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"The cat says meow.\n",[44,130286,130287],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130288,130289,130292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130290,130291],{"class":53},"The cat says meow",[47,130293,122262],{"class":61},[14,130295,130296],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[32,130298,130300],{"id":130299},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130302,130303,130304,130306],{},"You can use empty braces ",[44,130305,3665],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[37,130308,130310],{"className":39,"code":130309,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[44,130311,130312],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130313,130314,130316,130318,130320,130323,130325,130327,130329,130331,130333,130335,130337,130339,130341,130344,130346,130348,130350,130353,130355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130315,167],{"class":166},[47,130317,170],{"class":61},[47,130319,126],{"class":125},[47,130321,130322],{"class":129},"I like ",[47,130324,3665],{"class":65},[47,130326,4267],{"class":129},[47,130328,3665],{"class":65},[47,130330,30],{"class":129},[47,130332,126],{"class":125},[47,130334,30],{"class":61},[47,130336,129951],{"class":173},[47,130338,170],{"class":61},[47,130340,126],{"class":125},[47,130342,130343],{"class":129},"pizza",[47,130345,126],{"class":125},[47,130347,69],{"class":61},[47,130349,136],{"class":125},[47,130351,130352],{"class":129},"pasta",[47,130354,126],{"class":125},[47,130356,506],{"class":61},[14,130358,130359],{},[575,130360,215],{},[37,130362,130364],{"className":39,"code":130363,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[44,130365,130366],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130367,130368,130371,130373,130376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130369,130370],{"class":53},"I like pizza ",[47,130372,129993],{"class":57},[47,130374,130375],{"class":53}," pasta",[47,130377,122262],{"class":61},[14,130379,130380,130381,4267,130384,30],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[44,130382,130383],{},"{0}",[44,130385,130386],{},"{1}",[14,130388,130389],{},"This is helpful when:",[291,130391,130392,130395],{},[294,130393,130394],{},"you want to reuse a value",[294,130396,130397],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130399,130400],{},"Example with reused values:",[37,130402,130404],{"className":39,"code":130403,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[44,130405,130406,130440],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130407,130408,130410,130412,130414,130416,130419,130421,130424,130426,130428,130430,130432,130434,130436,130438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130409,34568],{"class":53},[47,130411,58],{"class":57},[47,130413,136],{"class":125},[47,130415,130383],{"class":65},[47,130417,130418],{"class":129}," is learning Python. ",[47,130420,130383],{"class":65},[47,130422,130423],{"class":129}," likes coding.",[47,130425,126],{"class":125},[47,130427,30],{"class":61},[47,130429,129951],{"class":173},[47,130431,170],{"class":61},[47,130433,126],{"class":125},[47,130435,19759],{"class":129},[47,130437,126],{"class":125},[47,130439,80],{"class":61},[47,130441,130442,130444,130446,130448],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130443,167],{"class":166},[47,130445,170],{"class":61},[47,130447,34589],{"class":173},[47,130449,80],{"class":61},[14,130451,130452],{},[575,130453,215],{},[37,130455,130457],{"className":39,"code":130456,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[44,130458,130459],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130460,130461,130464,130466,130469,130471,130474,130477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130462,130463],{"class":53},"Lina ",[47,130465,12073],{"class":57},[47,130467,130468],{"class":53}," learning Python",[47,130470,30],{"class":61},[47,130472,130473],{"class":24626}," Lina",[47,130475,130476],{"class":53}," likes coding",[47,130478,122262],{"class":61},[14,130480,130481],{},"Example with changed order:",[37,130483,130485],{"className":39,"code":130484,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[44,130486,130487,130527],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130488,130489,130491,130493,130495,130497,130499,130501,130503,130505,130507,130509,130511,130513,130515,130517,130519,130521,130523,130525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130490,34568],{"class":53},[47,130492,58],{"class":57},[47,130494,136],{"class":125},[47,130496,130386],{"class":65},[47,130498,83205],{"class":129},[47,130500,130383],{"class":65},[47,130502,30],{"class":129},[47,130504,126],{"class":125},[47,130506,30],{"class":61},[47,130508,129951],{"class":173},[47,130510,170],{"class":61},[47,130512,126],{"class":125},[47,130514,6458],{"class":129},[47,130516,126],{"class":125},[47,130518,69],{"class":61},[47,130520,136],{"class":125},[47,130522,79150],{"class":129},[47,130524,126],{"class":125},[47,130526,80],{"class":61},[47,130528,130529,130531,130533,130535],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130530,167],{"class":166},[47,130532,170],{"class":61},[47,130534,34589],{"class":173},[47,130536,80],{"class":61},[14,130538,130539],{},[575,130540,215],{},[37,130542,130544],{"className":39,"code":130543,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"two comes after one.\n",[44,130545,130546],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130547,130548,130551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130549,130550],{"class":53},"two comes after one",[47,130552,122262],{"class":61},[14,130554,130555,130556,130558],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[44,130557,3665],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[32,130560,130562],{"id":130561},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130564,130565,130566,30],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[44,130567,130568],{},"{name}",[14,130570,130571,130572,2760],{},"You pass matching names into ",[44,130573,126231],{},[37,130575,130577],{"className":39,"code":130576,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[44,130578,130579,130631],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130580,130581,130583,130585,130587,130589,130591,130594,130597,130599,130601,130603,130605,130607,130609,130611,130613,130615,130617,130619,130621,130623,130625,130627,130629],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130582,34568],{"class":53},[47,130584,58],{"class":57},[47,130586,136],{"class":125},[47,130588,129935],{"class":129},[47,130590,130568],{"class":65},[47,130592,130593],{"class":129}," and I live in ",[47,130595,130596],{"class":65},"{city}",[47,130598,30],{"class":129},[47,130600,126],{"class":125},[47,130602,30],{"class":61},[47,130604,129951],{"class":173},[47,130606,170],{"class":61},[47,130608,7542],{"class":9053},[47,130610,58],{"class":57},[47,130612,126],{"class":125},[47,130614,12760],{"class":129},[47,130616,126],{"class":125},[47,130618,69],{"class":61},[47,130620,31263],{"class":9053},[47,130622,58],{"class":57},[47,130624,126],{"class":125},[47,130626,15909],{"class":129},[47,130628,126],{"class":125},[47,130630,80],{"class":61},[47,130632,130633,130635,130637,130639],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130634,167],{"class":166},[47,130636,170],{"class":61},[47,130638,34589],{"class":173},[47,130640,80],{"class":61},[14,130642,130643],{},[575,130644,215],{},[37,130646,130648],{"className":39,"code":130647,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[44,130649,130650],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130651,130652,130654,130656,130659,130661,130664,130666,130669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130653,129985],{"class":53},[47,130655,12073],{"class":57},[47,130657,130658],{"class":53}," Ana ",[47,130660,129993],{"class":57},[47,130662,130663],{"class":53}," I live ",[47,130665,3756],{"class":57},[47,130667,130668],{"class":53}," Lima",[47,130670,122262],{"class":61},[14,130672,130673],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[291,130675,130676,130679,130682],{},[294,130677,130678],{},"they make code easier to read",[294,130680,130681],{},"they help when a string has many values",[294,130683,130684],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130686,2083],{},[37,130688,130690],{"className":39,"code":130689,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[44,130691,130692,130744],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130693,130694,130697,130699,130701,130704,130707,130710,130713,130715,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725,130727,130730,130732,130734,130737,130739,130742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130695,130696],{"class":53},"report ",[47,130698,58],{"class":57},[47,130700,136],{"class":125},[47,130702,130703],{"class":129},"Student: ",[47,130705,130706],{"class":65},"{student}",[47,130708,130709],{"class":129},", Score: ",[47,130711,130712],{"class":65},"{score}",[47,130714,126],{"class":125},[47,130716,30],{"class":61},[47,130718,129951],{"class":173},[47,130720,170],{"class":61},[47,130722,13504],{"class":9053},[47,130724,58],{"class":57},[47,130726,126],{"class":125},[47,130728,130729],{"class":129},"Noah",[47,130731,126],{"class":125},[47,130733,69],{"class":61},[47,130735,130736],{"class":9053}," score",[47,130738,58],{"class":57},[47,130740,130741],{"class":65},"95",[47,130743,80],{"class":61},[47,130745,130746,130748,130750,130752],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130747,167],{"class":166},[47,130749,170],{"class":61},[47,130751,127941],{"class":173},[47,130753,80],{"class":61},[14,130755,130756],{},[575,130757,215],{},[37,130759,130761],{"className":39,"code":130760,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[44,130762,130763],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130764,130765,130768,130770,130773,130775,130778,130780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130766,130767],{"class":53},"Student",[47,130769,2760],{"class":61},[47,130771,130772],{"class":53}," Noah",[47,130774,69],{"class":61},[47,130776,130777],{"class":53}," Score",[47,130779,2760],{"class":61},[47,130781,130782],{"class":65}," 95\n",[14,130784,130785,130786,30],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[21,130787,3448,130788,3381],{"href":42056},[44,130789,47567],{},[32,130791,130793],{"id":130792},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130795,130796,130798],{},[44,130797,126231],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130800,130801,130802,130805],{},"A common example is ",[44,130803,130804],{},":.2f",", which means:",[291,130807,130808,130811],{},[294,130809,130810],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[294,130812,130813],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130815,2083],{},[37,130817,130819],{"className":39,"code":130818,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[44,130820,130821,130829,130858],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130822,130823,130825,130827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130824,40268],{"class":53},[47,130826,58],{"class":57},[47,130828,49159],{"class":65},[47,130830,130831,130833,130835,130837,130840,130842,130844,130846,130848,130850,130852,130854,130856],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130832,34568],{"class":53},[47,130834,58],{"class":57},[47,130836,136],{"class":125},[47,130838,130839],{"class":129},"Price: $",[47,130841,9153],{"class":65},[47,130843,130804],{"class":525},[47,130845,22179],{"class":65},[47,130847,126],{"class":125},[47,130849,30],{"class":61},[47,130851,129951],{"class":173},[47,130853,170],{"class":61},[47,130855,25026],{"class":173},[47,130857,80],{"class":61},[47,130859,130860,130862,130864,130866],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,130861,167],{"class":166},[47,130863,170],{"class":61},[47,130865,34589],{"class":173},[47,130867,80],{"class":61},[14,130869,130870],{},[575,130871,215],{},[37,130873,130875],{"className":39,"code":130874,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Price: $3.50\n",[44,130876,130877],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130878,130879,130882,130884,130887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130880,130881],{"class":53},"Price",[47,130883,2760],{"class":61},[47,130885,130886],{"class":37248}," $",[47,130888,130889],{"class":65},"3.50\n",[14,130891,51964],{},[37,130893,130895],{"className":39,"code":130894,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[44,130896,130897,130907],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130898,130899,130902,130904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130900,130901],{"class":53},"average ",[47,130903,58],{"class":57},[47,130905,130906],{"class":65}," 91.236\n",[47,130908,130909,130911,130913,130915,130918,130920,130922,130924,130926,130928,130930,130932,130935],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130910,167],{"class":166},[47,130912,170],{"class":61},[47,130914,126],{"class":125},[47,130916,130917],{"class":129},"Average: ",[47,130919,9153],{"class":65},[47,130921,130804],{"class":525},[47,130923,22179],{"class":65},[47,130925,126],{"class":125},[47,130927,30],{"class":61},[47,130929,129951],{"class":173},[47,130931,170],{"class":61},[47,130933,130934],{"class":173},"average",[47,130936,506],{"class":61},[14,130938,130939],{},[575,130940,215],{},[37,130942,130944],{"className":39,"code":130943,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Average: 91.24\n",[44,130945,130946],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,130947,130948,130951,130953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130949,130950],{"class":53},"Average",[47,130952,2760],{"class":61},[47,130954,130955],{"class":65}," 91.24\n",[14,130957,130958],{},"This is useful for:",[291,130960,130961,130963,130966],{},[294,130962,82963],{},[294,130964,130965],{},"averages",[294,130967,130968],{},"percentages",[14,130970,130971,130972,30],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[21,130973,3448,130974,2180],{"href":46332},[44,130975,46335],{},[32,130977,17296],{"id":17295},[14,130979,130980,92400],{},[44,130981,126231],{},[14,130983,130984],{},"That means you can:",[291,130986,130987,130990,130993],{},[294,130988,130989],{},"save it in a variable",[294,130991,130992],{},"print it directly",[294,130994,130995],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,130997,2083],{},[37,130999,131001],{"className":39,"code":131000,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[44,131002,131003,131034,131044],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131004,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015,131017,131019,131021,131023,131025,131027,131030,131032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131006,89886],{"class":53},[47,131008,58],{"class":57},[47,131010,136],{"class":125},[47,131012,44784],{"class":129},[47,131014,3665],{"class":65},[47,131016,89727],{"class":129},[47,131018,126],{"class":125},[47,131020,30],{"class":61},[47,131022,129951],{"class":173},[47,131024,170],{"class":61},[47,131026,126],{"class":125},[47,131028,131029],{"class":129},"Chris",[47,131031,126],{"class":125},[47,131033,80],{"class":61},[47,131035,131036,131038,131040,131042],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131037,167],{"class":166},[47,131039,170],{"class":61},[47,131041,89903],{"class":173},[47,131043,80],{"class":61},[47,131045,131046,131048,131050,131052,131054,131056],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131047,167],{"class":166},[47,131049,170],{"class":61},[47,131051,499],{"class":118},[47,131053,170],{"class":61},[47,131055,89903],{"class":173},[47,131057,506],{"class":61},[14,131059,131060],{},[575,131061,215],{},[37,131063,131065],{"className":39,"code":131064,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[44,131066,131067,131076],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131068,131069,131071,131073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131070,34748],{"class":53},[47,131072,69],{"class":61},[47,131074,131075],{"class":53}," Chris!\n",[47,131077,131078,131080,131082,131084,131086,131088],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131079,522],{"class":57},[47,131081,526],{"class":525},[47,131083,265],{"class":125},[47,131085,3315],{"class":129},[47,131087,256],{"class":125},[47,131089,536],{"class":57},[14,131091,131092],{},"The original string is not changed.",[32,131094,131096,131098],{"id":131095},"format-vs-f-strings",[44,131097,126231],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131100,131101,131103],{},[44,131102,126231],{}," is a string method.",[14,131105,131106],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131108,45923,131109,2760],{},[44,131110,126231],{},[37,131112,131114],{"className":39,"code":131113,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[44,131115,131116,131129],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131117,131118,131120,131122,131124,131127],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131119,7751],{"class":53},[47,131121,58],{"class":57},[47,131123,136],{"class":125},[47,131125,131126],{"class":129},"Rita",[47,131128,3230],{"class":125},[47,131130,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147,131149,131151,131153],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131132,167],{"class":166},[47,131134,170],{"class":61},[47,131136,126],{"class":125},[47,131138,44784],{"class":129},[47,131140,3665],{"class":65},[47,131142,89727],{"class":129},[47,131144,126],{"class":125},[47,131146,30],{"class":61},[47,131148,129951],{"class":173},[47,131150,170],{"class":61},[47,131152,7542],{"class":173},[47,131154,506],{"class":61},[14,131156,131157],{},"Example with an f-string:",[37,131159,131161],{"className":39,"code":131160,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[44,131162,131163,131175],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131164,131165,131167,131169,131171,131173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131166,7751],{"class":53},[47,131168,58],{"class":57},[47,131170,136],{"class":125},[47,131172,131126],{"class":129},[47,131174,3230],{"class":125},[47,131176,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131191,131194],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131178,167],{"class":166},[47,131180,170],{"class":61},[47,131182,22170],{"class":525},[47,131184,43228],{"class":129},[47,131186,9153],{"class":65},[47,131188,7542],{"class":173},[47,131190,22179],{"class":65},[47,131192,131193],{"class":129},"!\"",[47,131195,80],{"class":61},[14,131197,131198],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131200,131201,131202,131204,131205,30],{},"This page focuses on how ",[44,131203,126231],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[21,131206,89572],{"href":89571},[32,131208,1284],{"id":1283},[14,131210,131211,131212,30],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[44,131213,126231],{},[773,131215,131217],{"id":131216},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131219,131220],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[37,131222,131224],{"className":39,"code":131223,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[44,131225,131226,131259],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131227,131228,131230,131232,131234,131236,131238,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255,131257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131229,34568],{"class":53},[47,131231,58],{"class":57},[47,131233,136],{"class":125},[47,131235,44784],{"class":129},[47,131237,3665],{"class":65},[47,131239,131240],{"class":65}," {}",[47,131242,89727],{"class":129},[47,131244,126],{"class":125},[47,131246,30],{"class":61},[47,131248,129951],{"class":173},[47,131250,170],{"class":61},[47,131252,126],{"class":125},[47,131254,7551],{"class":129},[47,131256,126],{"class":125},[47,131258,80],{"class":61},[47,131260,131261,131263,131265,131267],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131262,167],{"class":166},[47,131264,170],{"class":61},[47,131266,34589],{"class":173},[47,131268,80],{"class":61},[14,131270,131271],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131273,131274],{},"Fixed version:",[37,131276,131278],{"className":39,"code":131277,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[44,131279,131280,131321],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131281,131282,131284,131286,131288,131290,131292,131294,131296,131298,131300,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310,131312,131314,131317,131319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131283,34568],{"class":53},[47,131285,58],{"class":57},[47,131287,136],{"class":125},[47,131289,44784],{"class":129},[47,131291,3665],{"class":65},[47,131293,131240],{"class":65},[47,131295,89727],{"class":129},[47,131297,126],{"class":125},[47,131299,30],{"class":61},[47,131301,129951],{"class":173},[47,131303,170],{"class":61},[47,131305,126],{"class":125},[47,131307,7551],{"class":129},[47,131309,126],{"class":125},[47,131311,69],{"class":61},[47,131313,136],{"class":125},[47,131315,131316],{"class":129},"Lee",[47,131318,126],{"class":125},[47,131320,80],{"class":61},[47,131322,131323,131325,131327,131329],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131324,167],{"class":166},[47,131326,170],{"class":61},[47,131328,34589],{"class":173},[47,131330,80],{"class":61},[773,131332,131334],{"id":131333},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131336,131337,131338,30],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[44,131339,126231],{},[14,131341,131342],{},"Problem:",[37,131344,131346],{"className":39,"code":131345,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[44,131347,131348,131382],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131349,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366,131368,131370,131372,131374,131376,131378,131380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131351,34568],{"class":53},[47,131353,58],{"class":57},[47,131355,136],{"class":125},[47,131357,44784],{"class":129},[47,131359,130568],{"class":65},[47,131361,89727],{"class":129},[47,131363,126],{"class":125},[47,131365,30],{"class":61},[47,131367,129951],{"class":173},[47,131369,170],{"class":61},[47,131371,7860],{"class":9053},[47,131373,58],{"class":57},[47,131375,126],{"class":125},[47,131377,7551],{"class":129},[47,131379,126],{"class":125},[47,131381,80],{"class":61},[47,131383,131384,131386,131388,131390],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131385,167],{"class":166},[47,131387,170],{"class":61},[47,131389,34589],{"class":173},[47,131391,80],{"class":61},[14,131393,131274],{},[37,131395,131397],{"className":39,"code":131396,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[44,131398,131399,131433],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131400,131401,131403,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131402,34568],{"class":53},[47,131404,58],{"class":57},[47,131406,136],{"class":125},[47,131408,44784],{"class":129},[47,131410,130568],{"class":65},[47,131412,89727],{"class":129},[47,131414,126],{"class":125},[47,131416,30],{"class":61},[47,131418,129951],{"class":173},[47,131420,170],{"class":61},[47,131422,7542],{"class":9053},[47,131424,58],{"class":57},[47,131426,126],{"class":125},[47,131428,7551],{"class":129},[47,131430,126],{"class":125},[47,131432,80],{"class":61},[47,131434,131435,131437,131439,131441],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131436,167],{"class":166},[47,131438,170],{"class":61},[47,131440,34589],{"class":173},[47,131442,80],{"class":61},[773,131444,8330,131446,131448],{"id":131445},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[44,131447,126231],{}," to change the original string",[14,131450,131451,131453],{},[44,131452,126231],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131455,131342],{},[37,131457,131459],{"className":39,"code":131458,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[44,131460,131461,131475,131493],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131462,131463,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131464,34568],{"class":53},[47,131466,58],{"class":57},[47,131468,136],{"class":125},[47,131470,44784],{"class":129},[47,131472,3665],{"class":65},[47,131474,3230],{"class":125},[47,131476,131477,131479,131481,131483,131485,131487,131489,131491],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131478,34589],{"class":53},[47,131480,30],{"class":61},[47,131482,129951],{"class":173},[47,131484,170],{"class":61},[47,131486,126],{"class":125},[47,131488,7551],{"class":129},[47,131490,126],{"class":125},[47,131492,80],{"class":61},[47,131494,131495,131497,131499,131501],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131496,167],{"class":166},[47,131498,170],{"class":61},[47,131500,34589],{"class":173},[47,131502,80],{"class":61},[14,131504,131505],{},[575,131506,215],{},[37,131508,131510],{"className":39,"code":131509,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello, {}\n",[44,131511,131512],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131513,131514,131516,131518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131515,34748],{"class":53},[47,131517,69],{"class":61},[47,131519,9713],{"class":61},[14,131521,131274],{},[37,131523,131525],{"className":39,"code":131524,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[44,131526,131527,131541,131563],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131528,131529,131531,131533,131535,131537,131539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131530,34568],{"class":53},[47,131532,58],{"class":57},[47,131534,136],{"class":125},[47,131536,44784],{"class":129},[47,131538,3665],{"class":65},[47,131540,3230],{"class":125},[47,131542,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551,131553,131555,131557,131559,131561],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131544,34568],{"class":53},[47,131546,58],{"class":57},[47,131548,42723],{"class":53},[47,131550,30],{"class":61},[47,131552,129951],{"class":173},[47,131554,170],{"class":61},[47,131556,126],{"class":125},[47,131558,7551],{"class":129},[47,131560,126],{"class":125},[47,131562,80],{"class":61},[47,131564,131565,131567,131569,131571],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131566,167],{"class":166},[47,131568,170],{"class":61},[47,131570,34589],{"class":173},[47,131572,80],{"class":61},[773,131574,4579,131576,131578],{"id":131575},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[44,131577,126231],{}," returns a new string",[14,131580,131581],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[773,131583,131585],{"id":131584},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131587,131588],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131590,131591,131592,131594],{},"Use simple ",[44,131593,3665],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131596,131597,131598,30],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[21,131599,90285],{"href":90284},[32,131601,67774],{"id":67773},[14,131603,131604],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[37,131606,131608],{"className":39,"code":131607,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[44,131609,131610,131620,131634,131663],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131611,131612,131614,131616,131618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131613,167],{"class":166},[47,131615,170],{"class":61},[47,131617,34589],{"class":173},[47,131619,80],{"class":61},[47,131621,131622,131624,131626,131628,131630,131632],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131623,167],{"class":166},[47,131625,170],{"class":61},[47,131627,499],{"class":118},[47,131629,170],{"class":61},[47,131631,605],{"class":173},[47,131633,506],{"class":61},[47,131635,131636,131638,131640,131642,131645,131647,131649,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131637,167],{"class":166},[47,131639,170],{"class":61},[47,131641,126],{"class":125},[47,131643,131644],{"class":129},"Hello ",[47,131646,3665],{"class":65},[47,131648,126],{"class":125},[47,131650,30],{"class":61},[47,131652,129951],{"class":173},[47,131654,170],{"class":61},[47,131656,126],{"class":125},[47,131658,7551],{"class":129},[47,131660,126],{"class":125},[47,131662,506],{"class":61},[47,131664,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,131666,32031],{"class":166},[47,131668,170],{"class":61},[47,131670,3315],{"class":118},[47,131672,30],{"class":61},[47,131674,129951],{"class":24626},[47,131676,80],{"class":61},[14,131678,131679],{},"Use them to check:",[291,131681,131682,131685,131688,131691],{},[294,131683,131684],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[294,131686,131687],{},"what type your value has",[294,131689,131690],{},"whether a small test example works",[294,131692,131693,131694],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[44,131695,131696],{},"str.format",[32,131698,1708],{"id":1707},[773,131700,129732,131702,1747],{"id":131701},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[44,131703,126231],{},[14,131705,131706],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[773,131708,131710],{"id":131709},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131712,131713,131714,131716],{},"No. You can use plain ",[44,131715,3665],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[773,131718,131720,131721,2368],{"id":131719},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[44,131722,126231],{},[14,131724,131725,131726,131729],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[44,131727,131728],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[773,131731,14782,131733,131735],{"id":131732},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[44,131734,126231],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131737,131738,131739,131741],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[44,131740,126231],{}," is still useful and common.",[32,131743,1758],{"id":1757},[291,131745,131746,131750,131754,131760,131766],{},[294,131747,131748],{},[21,131749,124983],{"href":50859},[294,131751,131752],{},[21,131753,90562],{"href":89571},[294,131755,131756],{},[21,131757,3448,131758,3381],{"href":46332},[44,131759,46335],{},[294,131761,131762],{},[21,131763,3448,131764,3381],{"href":42056},[44,131765,47567],{},[294,131767,131768],{},[21,131769,90285],{"href":90284},[1796,131771,131772],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":131774},[131775,131776,131778,131779,131780,131781,131782,131783,131785,131794,131795,131804],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":130018,"depth":83,"text":131777},"What the format() method does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":130299,"depth":83,"text":130300},{"id":130561,"depth":83,"text":130562},{"id":130792,"depth":83,"text":130793},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":131095,"depth":83,"text":131784},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":131786},[131787,131788,131789,131791,131793],{"id":131216,"depth":94,"text":131217},{"id":131333,"depth":94,"text":131334},{"id":131445,"depth":94,"text":131790},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131575,"depth":94,"text":131792},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131584,"depth":94,"text":131585},{"id":67773,"depth":83,"text":67774},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":131796},[131797,131799,131800,131802],{"id":131701,"depth":94,"text":131798},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131709,"depth":94,"text":131710},{"id":131719,"depth":94,"text":131801},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131732,"depth":94,"text":131803},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129878,"description":131805},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131812,"title":131813,"body":131814,"description":133294,"extension":1837,"meta":133295,"navigation":159,"path":133296,"seo":133297,"stem":133298,"__hash__":133299},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131815,"toc":133266},[131816,131821,131826,131831,131833,131895,131902,131908,131913,131915,131931,131933,132004,132006,132020,132023,132073,132075,132077,132104,132107,132122,132125,132166,132169,132214,132221,132270,132272,132280,132282,132300,132302,132395,132403,132444,132449,132456,132462,132469,132472,132476,132577,132579,132601,132605,132658,132661,132664,132670,132677,132679,132718,132720,132738,132748,132755,132838,132841,132848,132855,132862,132866,132874,132920,132924,132933,132998,133003,133008,133019,133021,133026,133053,133055,133158,133161,133181,133183,133188,133191,133195,133199,133206,133215,133221,133224,133230,133232,133234,133263],[10,131817,123230,131819,11199],{"id":131818},"python-string-index-method",[44,131820,58851],{},[14,131822,123235,131823,131825],{},[44,131824,58851],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131827,131828,131829,30],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[44,131830,40585],{},[32,131832,35],{"id":34},[37,131834,131836],{"className":39,"code":131835,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[44,131837,131838,131850,131872,131882,131886,131890],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131839,131840,131842,131844,131846,131848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131841,34568],{"class":53},[47,131843,58],{"class":57},[47,131845,136],{"class":125},[47,131847,60287],{"class":129},[47,131849,3230],{"class":125},[47,131851,131852,131854,131856,131858,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868,131870],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131853,64798],{"class":53},[47,131855,58],{"class":57},[47,131857,42723],{"class":53},[47,131859,30],{"class":61},[47,131861,35728],{"class":173},[47,131863,170],{"class":61},[47,131865,126],{"class":125},[47,131867,60472],{"class":129},[47,131869,126],{"class":125},[47,131871,80],{"class":61},[47,131873,131874,131876,131878,131880],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131875,167],{"class":166},[47,131877,170],{"class":61},[47,131879,64825],{"class":173},[47,131881,80],{"class":61},[47,131883,131884],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,131885,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,131887,131888],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,131889,90703],{"class":1494},[47,131891,131892],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,131893,131894],{"class":1494},"# 6\n",[14,131896,1967,131897,131899,131900,30],{},[44,131898,58851],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[44,131901,40585],{},[32,131903,3550,131905,3553],{"id":131904},"what-strindex-does",[44,131906,131907],{},"str.index()",[14,131909,131910,131912],{},[44,131911,131907],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,131914,12932],{},[291,131916,131917,131920,131923,131926],{},[294,131918,131919],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[294,131921,131922],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[294,131924,131925],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[294,131927,30171,131928,131930],{},[44,131929,40585],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,131932,2083],{},[37,131934,131936],{"className":39,"code":131935,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[44,131937,131938,131950,131954,131979],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,131939,131940,131942,131944,131946,131948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131941,34568],{"class":53},[47,131943,58],{"class":57},[47,131945,136],{"class":125},[47,131947,3960],{"class":129},[47,131949,3230],{"class":125},[47,131951,131952],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131953,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,131955,131956,131958,131960,131962,131964,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131957,167],{"class":166},[47,131959,170],{"class":61},[47,131961,34589],{"class":173},[47,131963,30],{"class":61},[47,131965,35728],{"class":173},[47,131967,170],{"class":61},[47,131969,126],{"class":125},[47,131971,21],{"class":129},[47,131973,126],{"class":125},[47,131975,5235],{"class":61},[47,131977,131978],{"class":1494},"     # 1\n",[47,131980,131981,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,131982,167],{"class":166},[47,131984,170],{"class":61},[47,131986,34589],{"class":173},[47,131988,30],{"class":61},[47,131990,35728],{"class":173},[47,131992,170],{"class":61},[47,131994,126],{"class":125},[47,131996,123323],{"class":129},[47,131998,126],{"class":125},[47,132000,5235],{"class":61},[47,132002,132003],{"class":1494},"    # 2\n",[14,132005,2054],{},[291,132007,132008,132014],{},[294,132009,132010,128441,132012],{},[44,132011,17972],{},[44,132013,66],{},[294,132015,132016,128441,132018],{},[44,132017,128440],{},[44,132019,1931],{},[14,132021,132022],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[37,132024,132026],{"className":39,"code":132025,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[44,132027,132028,132040,132044,132068],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132029,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132031,34568],{"class":53},[47,132033,58],{"class":57},[47,132035,136],{"class":125},[47,132037,34748],{"class":129},[47,132039,3230],{"class":125},[47,132041,132042],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132043,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,132045,132046,132048,132050,132052,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062,132064,132066],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132047,167],{"class":166},[47,132049,170],{"class":61},[47,132051,34589],{"class":173},[47,132053,30],{"class":61},[47,132055,35728],{"class":173},[47,132057,170],{"class":61},[47,132059,126],{"class":125},[47,132061,51075],{"class":129},[47,132063,126],{"class":125},[47,132065,5235],{"class":61},[47,132067,20645],{"class":1494},[47,132069,132070],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,132071,132072],{"class":1494},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[32,132074,2032],{"id":2031},[14,132076,2035],{},[37,132078,132080],{"className":39,"code":132079,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[44,132081,132082],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132083,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132085,61055],{"class":53},[47,132087,30],{"class":61},[47,132089,35728],{"class":173},[47,132091,170],{"class":61},[47,132093,605],{"class":173},[47,132095,69],{"class":61},[47,132097,35934],{"class":173},[47,132099,69],{"class":61},[47,132101,64919],{"class":173},[47,132103,80],{"class":61},[14,132105,132106],{},"Parameters:",[291,132108,132109,132113,132117],{},[294,132110,132111,123422],{},[44,132112,605],{},[294,132114,132115,128487],{},[44,132116,35955],{},[294,132118,132119,132121],{},[44,132120,52545],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132123,132124],{},"You can use just the value:",[37,132126,132128],{"className":39,"code":132127,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[44,132129,132130,132142],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132131,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132133,34568],{"class":53},[47,132135,58],{"class":57},[47,132137,136],{"class":125},[47,132139,41],{"class":129},[47,132141,3230],{"class":125},[47,132143,132144,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132145,167],{"class":166},[47,132147,170],{"class":61},[47,132149,34589],{"class":173},[47,132151,30],{"class":61},[47,132153,35728],{"class":173},[47,132155,170],{"class":61},[47,132157,126],{"class":125},[47,132159,63166],{"class":129},[47,132161,126],{"class":125},[47,132163,5235],{"class":61},[47,132165,51299],{"class":1494},[14,132167,132168],{},"Or include a start position:",[37,132170,132172],{"className":39,"code":132171,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[44,132173,132174,132186],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132175,132176,132178,132180,132182,132184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132177,34568],{"class":53},[47,132179,58],{"class":57},[47,132181,136],{"class":125},[47,132183,3960],{"class":129},[47,132185,3230],{"class":125},[47,132187,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210,132212],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132189,167],{"class":166},[47,132191,170],{"class":61},[47,132193,34589],{"class":173},[47,132195,30],{"class":61},[47,132197,35728],{"class":173},[47,132199,170],{"class":61},[47,132201,126],{"class":125},[47,132203,21],{"class":129},[47,132205,126],{"class":125},[47,132207,69],{"class":61},[47,132209,72],{"class":65},[47,132211,5235],{"class":61},[47,132213,50654],{"class":1494},[14,132215,132216,132217,4267,132219,2760],{},"Or include both ",[44,132218,35955],{},[44,132220,52545],{},[37,132222,132224],{"className":39,"code":132223,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[44,132225,132226,132238],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132227,132228,132230,132232,132234,132236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132229,34568],{"class":53},[47,132231,58],{"class":57},[47,132233,136],{"class":125},[47,132235,3960],{"class":129},[47,132237,3230],{"class":125},[47,132239,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132241,167],{"class":166},[47,132243,170],{"class":61},[47,132245,34589],{"class":173},[47,132247,30],{"class":61},[47,132249,35728],{"class":173},[47,132251,170],{"class":61},[47,132253,126],{"class":125},[47,132255,21],{"class":129},[47,132257,126],{"class":125},[47,132259,69],{"class":61},[47,132261,72],{"class":65},[47,132263,69],{"class":61},[47,132265,4480],{"class":65},[47,132267,5235],{"class":61},[47,132269,50654],{"class":1494},[32,132271,37902],{"id":37901},[14,132273,28585,132274,132276,132277,30],{},[44,132275,58851],{}," is a ",[575,132278,132279],{},"zero-based index",[14,132281,1982],{},[291,132283,132284,132290,132295],{},[294,132285,132286,132287,132289],{},"Index ",[44,132288,1237],{}," is the first character",[294,132291,132286,132292,132294],{},[44,132293,66],{}," is the second character",[294,132296,132286,132297,132299],{},[44,132298,1931],{}," is the third character",[14,132301,2083],{},[37,132303,132305],{"className":39,"code":132304,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[44,132306,132307,132319,132323,132347,132371],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132308,132309,132311,132313,132315,132317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132310,34568],{"class":53},[47,132312,58],{"class":57},[47,132314,136],{"class":125},[47,132316,36929],{"class":129},[47,132318,3230],{"class":125},[47,132320,132321],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132322,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,132324,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341,132343,132345],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132326,167],{"class":166},[47,132328,170],{"class":61},[47,132330,34589],{"class":173},[47,132332,30],{"class":61},[47,132334,35728],{"class":173},[47,132336,170],{"class":61},[47,132338,126],{"class":125},[47,132340,148],{"class":129},[47,132342,126],{"class":125},[47,132344,5235],{"class":61},[47,132346,51131],{"class":1494},[47,132348,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367,132369],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,132350,167],{"class":166},[47,132352,170],{"class":61},[47,132354,34589],{"class":173},[47,132356,30],{"class":61},[47,132358,35728],{"class":173},[47,132360,170],{"class":61},[47,132362,126],{"class":125},[47,132364,21],{"class":129},[47,132366,126],{"class":125},[47,132368,5235],{"class":61},[47,132370,27657],{"class":1494},[47,132372,132373,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,132374,167],{"class":166},[47,132376,170],{"class":61},[47,132378,34589],{"class":173},[47,132380,30],{"class":61},[47,132382,35728],{"class":173},[47,132384,170],{"class":61},[47,132386,126],{"class":125},[47,132388,63166],{"class":129},[47,132390,126],{"class":125},[47,132392,5235],{"class":61},[47,132394,51299],{"class":1494},[14,132396,132397,132399,132400,132402],{},[44,132398,58851],{}," returns only the ",[575,132401,29786],{}," matching position.",[37,132404,132406],{"className":39,"code":132405,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[44,132407,132408,132420],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132409,132410,132412,132414,132416,132418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132411,34568],{"class":53},[47,132413,58],{"class":57},[47,132415,136],{"class":125},[47,132417,3960],{"class":129},[47,132419,3230],{"class":125},[47,132421,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132423,167],{"class":166},[47,132425,170],{"class":61},[47,132427,34589],{"class":173},[47,132429,30],{"class":61},[47,132431,35728],{"class":173},[47,132433,170],{"class":61},[47,132435,126],{"class":125},[47,132437,21],{"class":129},[47,132439,126],{"class":125},[47,132441,5235],{"class":61},[47,132443,27657],{"class":1494},[14,132445,20853,132446,132448],{},[44,132447,17972],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132450,132451,132452,30],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[21,132453,132454,10617],{"href":124680},[44,132455,58473],{},[32,132457,8294,132458,4267,132460],{"id":65285},[44,132459,35955],{},[44,132461,52545],{},[14,132463,1854,132464,4267,132466,132468],{},[44,132465,35955],{},[44,132467,52545],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132470,132471],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132473,45923,132474,2760],{},[44,132475,35955],{},[37,132477,132479],{"className":39,"code":132478,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[44,132480,132481,132493,132497,132521,132549],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132482,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132484,34568],{"class":53},[47,132486,58],{"class":57},[47,132488,136],{"class":125},[47,132490,3960],{"class":129},[47,132492,3230],{"class":125},[47,132494,132495],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132496,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,132498,132499,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132500,167],{"class":166},[47,132502,170],{"class":61},[47,132504,34589],{"class":173},[47,132506,30],{"class":61},[47,132508,35728],{"class":173},[47,132510,170],{"class":61},[47,132512,126],{"class":125},[47,132514,21],{"class":129},[47,132516,126],{"class":125},[47,132518,5235],{"class":61},[47,132520,51004],{"class":1494},[47,132522,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545,132547],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,132524,167],{"class":166},[47,132526,170],{"class":61},[47,132528,34589],{"class":173},[47,132530,30],{"class":61},[47,132532,35728],{"class":173},[47,132534,170],{"class":61},[47,132536,126],{"class":125},[47,132538,21],{"class":129},[47,132540,126],{"class":125},[47,132542,69],{"class":61},[47,132544,72],{"class":65},[47,132546,5235],{"class":61},[47,132548,50853],{"class":1494},[47,132550,132551,132553,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,132552,167],{"class":166},[47,132554,170],{"class":61},[47,132556,34589],{"class":173},[47,132558,30],{"class":61},[47,132560,35728],{"class":173},[47,132562,170],{"class":61},[47,132564,126],{"class":125},[47,132566,21],{"class":129},[47,132568,126],{"class":125},[47,132570,69],{"class":61},[47,132572,2333],{"class":65},[47,132574,5235],{"class":61},[47,132576,50637],{"class":1494},[14,132578,19834],{},[291,132580,132581,132588,132594],{},[294,132582,132583,132584,65475,132586],{},"The first search finds the first ",[44,132585,17972],{},[44,132587,66],{},[294,132589,132590,132591,132593],{},"Starting at index ",[44,132592,1931],{}," skips that first match",[294,132595,132590,132596,132598,132599],{},[44,132597,1210],{}," finds the last ",[44,132600,17972],{},[14,132602,45923,132603,2760],{},[44,132604,52545],{},[37,132606,132608],{"className":39,"code":132607,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[44,132609,132610,132622,132626],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132611,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132613,34568],{"class":53},[47,132615,58],{"class":57},[47,132617,136],{"class":125},[47,132619,3960],{"class":129},[47,132621,3230],{"class":125},[47,132623,132624],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132625,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,132627,132628,132630,132632,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652,132654,132656],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132629,167],{"class":166},[47,132631,170],{"class":61},[47,132633,34589],{"class":173},[47,132635,30],{"class":61},[47,132637,35728],{"class":173},[47,132639,170],{"class":61},[47,132641,126],{"class":125},[47,132643,75909],{"class":129},[47,132645,126],{"class":125},[47,132647,69],{"class":61},[47,132649,3706],{"class":65},[47,132651,69],{"class":61},[47,132653,2333],{"class":65},[47,132655,5235],{"class":61},[47,132657,51299],{"class":1494},[14,132659,132660],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132662,132663],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[32,132665,44095,132667,132669],{"id":132666},"when-index-causes-an-error",[44,132668,58851],{}," causes an error",[14,132671,132672,132673,52379,132675,30],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[44,132674,58851],{},[44,132676,40585],{},[14,132678,2083],{},[37,132680,132682],{"className":39,"code":132681,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[44,132683,132684,132696],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132685,132686,132688,132690,132692,132694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132687,34568],{"class":53},[47,132689,58],{"class":57},[47,132691,136],{"class":125},[47,132693,3718],{"class":129},[47,132695,3230],{"class":125},[47,132697,132698,132700,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132699,167],{"class":166},[47,132701,170],{"class":61},[47,132703,34589],{"class":173},[47,132705,30],{"class":61},[47,132707,35728],{"class":173},[47,132709,170],{"class":61},[47,132711,126],{"class":125},[47,132713,21953],{"class":129},[47,132715,126],{"class":125},[47,132717,506],{"class":61},[14,132719,215],{},[37,132721,132723],{"className":39,"code":132722,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[44,132724,132725],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132726,132727,132729,132731,132734,132736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132728,40585],{"class":118},[47,132730,2760],{"class":61},[47,132732,132733],{"class":53}," substring ",[47,132735,577],{"class":57},[47,132737,65708],{"class":53},[14,132739,53226,132740,126194,132745,132747],{},[21,132741,132742],{"href":129872},[44,132743,132744],{},"str.find()",[44,132746,65733],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132749,132750,132751,4267,132753,2760],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[44,132752,29681],{},[44,132754,29712],{},[37,132756,132758],{"className":39,"code":132757,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[44,132759,132760,132772,132776,132782,132805,132815,132823],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132761,132762,132764,132766,132768,132770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132763,34568],{"class":53},[47,132765,58],{"class":57},[47,132767,136],{"class":125},[47,132769,3718],{"class":129},[47,132771,3230],{"class":125},[47,132773,132774],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132775,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,132777,132778,132780],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132779,29681],{"class":3749},[47,132781,6268],{"class":61},[47,132783,132784,132787,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,132785,132786],{"class":53},"    position ",[47,132788,58],{"class":57},[47,132790,42723],{"class":53},[47,132792,30],{"class":61},[47,132794,35728],{"class":173},[47,132796,170],{"class":61},[47,132798,126],{"class":125},[47,132800,21953],{"class":129},[47,132802,126],{"class":125},[47,132804,80],{"class":61},[47,132806,132807,132809,132811,132813],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,132808,7944],{"class":166},[47,132810,170],{"class":61},[47,132812,64825],{"class":173},[47,132814,80],{"class":61},[47,132816,132817,132819,132821],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,132818,29712],{"class":3749},[47,132820,41807],{"class":118},[47,132822,6268],{"class":61},[47,132824,132825,132827,132829,132831,132834,132836],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,132826,7944],{"class":166},[47,132828,170],{"class":61},[47,132830,126],{"class":125},[47,132832,132833],{"class":129},"Substring not found",[47,132835,126],{"class":125},[47,132837,80],{"class":61},[14,132839,132840],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132842,41827,132843,30],{},[21,132844,25556,132846],{"href":132845},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[44,132847,129199],{},[32,132849,132851,10461,132853],{"id":132850},"index-vs-find",[44,132852,58851],{},[44,132854,124225],{},[14,132856,132857,4267,132859,132861],{},[44,132858,58851],{},[44,132860,124225],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[773,132863,132864],{"id":35728},[44,132865,58851],{},[291,132867,132868,132871],{},[294,132869,132870],{},"Returns the first match position",[294,132872,132873],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[37,132875,132877],{"className":39,"code":132876,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[44,132878,132879,132891,132915],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132880,132881,132883,132885,132887,132889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132882,34568],{"class":53},[47,132884,58],{"class":57},[47,132886,136],{"class":125},[47,132888,3718],{"class":129},[47,132890,3230],{"class":125},[47,132892,132893,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132894,167],{"class":166},[47,132896,170],{"class":61},[47,132898,34589],{"class":173},[47,132900,30],{"class":61},[47,132902,35728],{"class":173},[47,132904,170],{"class":61},[47,132906,126],{"class":125},[47,132908,60328],{"class":129},[47,132910,126],{"class":125},[47,132912,5235],{"class":61},[47,132914,27657],{"class":1494},[47,132916,132917],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132918,132919],{"class":1494},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[773,132921,132922],{"id":128253},[44,132923,124225],{},[291,132925,132926,132928],{},[294,132927,132870],{},[294,132929,11301,132930,132932],{},[44,132931,65733],{}," if nothing is found",[37,132934,132936],{"className":39,"code":132935,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[44,132937,132938,132950,132974],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,132939,132940,132942,132944,132946,132948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132941,34568],{"class":53},[47,132943,58],{"class":57},[47,132945,136],{"class":125},[47,132947,3718],{"class":129},[47,132949,3230],{"class":125},[47,132951,132952,132954,132956,132958,132960,132962,132964,132966,132968,132970,132972],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132953,167],{"class":166},[47,132955,170],{"class":61},[47,132957,34589],{"class":173},[47,132959,30],{"class":61},[47,132961,128253],{"class":173},[47,132963,170],{"class":61},[47,132965,126],{"class":125},[47,132967,60328],{"class":129},[47,132969,126],{"class":125},[47,132971,5235],{"class":61},[47,132973,27657],{"class":1494},[47,132975,132976,132978,132980,132982,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132977,167],{"class":166},[47,132979,170],{"class":61},[47,132981,34589],{"class":173},[47,132983,30],{"class":61},[47,132985,128253],{"class":173},[47,132987,170],{"class":61},[47,132989,126],{"class":125},[47,132991,21953],{"class":129},[47,132993,126],{"class":125},[47,132995,5235],{"class":61},[47,132997,128609],{"class":1494},[14,132999,1967,133000,133002],{},[44,133001,58851],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,133004,1967,133005,133007],{},[44,133006,124225],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,133009,133010,133011,25,133016,30],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[21,133012,133013,133015],{"href":129872},[44,133014,132744],{}," method reference",[21,133017,127264],{"href":133018},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[32,133020,1284],{"id":1283},[14,133022,133023,133024,2760],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[44,133025,58851],{},[291,133027,133028,133031,133038,133043,133048],{},[294,133029,133030],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[294,133032,8330,133033,8333,133035,133037],{},[44,133034,58851],{},[44,133036,65733],{}," when no match exists",[294,133039,8294,133040,133042],{},[44,133041,58851],{}," on a value that may not be present",[294,133044,133045,133046],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[44,133047,66],{},[294,133049,4454,133050,133052],{},[44,133051,58851],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133054,62176],{},[37,133056,133058],{"className":39,"code":133057,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[44,133059,133060,133070,133084,133106,133128],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133061,133062,133064,133066,133068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133063,167],{"class":166},[47,133065,170],{"class":61},[47,133067,34589],{"class":173},[47,133069,80],{"class":61},[47,133071,133072,133074,133076,133078,133080,133082],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133073,167],{"class":166},[47,133075,170],{"class":61},[47,133077,41660],{"class":166},[47,133079,170],{"class":61},[47,133081,34589],{"class":173},[47,133083,506],{"class":61},[47,133085,133086,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,133087,167],{"class":166},[47,133089,170],{"class":61},[47,133091,34589],{"class":173},[47,133093,30],{"class":61},[47,133095,35728],{"class":173},[47,133097,170],{"class":61},[47,133099,126],{"class":125},[47,133101,605],{"class":129},[47,133103,126],{"class":125},[47,133105,506],{"class":61},[47,133107,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118,133120,133122,133124,133126],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,133109,167],{"class":166},[47,133111,170],{"class":61},[47,133113,34589],{"class":173},[47,133115,30],{"class":61},[47,133117,128253],{"class":173},[47,133119,170],{"class":61},[47,133121,126],{"class":125},[47,133123,605],{"class":129},[47,133125,126],{"class":125},[47,133127,506],{"class":61},[47,133129,133130,133132,133134,133136,133138,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150,133152,133154,133156],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,133131,167],{"class":166},[47,133133,170],{"class":61},[47,133135,34589],{"class":173},[47,133137,30],{"class":61},[47,133139,35728],{"class":173},[47,133141,170],{"class":61},[47,133143,126],{"class":125},[47,133145,605],{"class":129},[47,133147,126],{"class":125},[47,133149,69],{"class":61},[47,133151,35934],{"class":173},[47,133153,69],{"class":61},[47,133155,64919],{"class":173},[47,133157,506],{"class":61},[14,133159,133160],{},"Tips:",[291,133162,133163,133168,133173,133176],{},[294,133164,1967,133165,133167],{},[44,133166,126150],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[294,133169,1967,133170,133172],{},[44,133171,124225],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[294,133174,133175],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[294,133177,133178,133179],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[44,133180,1237],{},[32,133182,1708],{"id":1707},[773,133184,129732,133186,1747],{"id":133185},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[44,133187,58851],{},[14,133189,133190],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[773,133192,133194],{"id":133193},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133196,76737,133197,30],{},[44,133198,40585],{},[773,133200,5054,133202,4267,133204,2368],{"id":133201},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[44,133203,58851],{},[44,133205,124225],{},[14,133207,133208,133210,133211,2274,133213,6504],{},[44,133209,58851],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[44,133212,124225],{},[44,133214,65733],{},[773,133216,5044,133218,133220],{"id":133217},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[44,133219,58851],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133222,133223],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[773,133225,133227,133228,124566],{"id":133226},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[44,133229,58851],{},[14,133231,129757],{},[32,133233,1758],{"id":1757},[291,133235,133236,133242,133246,133251,133257],{},[294,133237,133238],{},[21,133239,133240,10617],{"href":129872},[44,133241,132744],{},[294,133243,133244],{},[21,133245,124629],{"href":133018},[294,133247,133248],{},[21,133249,129833],{"href":133250},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[294,133252,133253],{},[21,133254,133255,10617],{"href":124680},[44,133256,58473],{},[294,133258,133259],{},[21,133260,30225,133261],{"href":132845},[44,133262,129199],{},[1796,133264,133265],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":133267},[133268,133269,133271,133272,133273,133274,133276,133281,133282,133293],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":131904,"depth":83,"text":133270},"What str.index() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":37901,"depth":83,"text":37902},{"id":65285,"depth":83,"text":66068},{"id":132666,"depth":83,"text":133275},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132850,"depth":83,"text":133277,"children":133278},"index() vs find()",[133279,133280],{"id":35728,"depth":94,"text":58851},{"id":128253,"depth":94,"text":124225},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":133283},[133284,133286,133287,133289,133291],{"id":133185,"depth":94,"text":133285},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133193,"depth":94,"text":133194},{"id":133201,"depth":94,"text":133288},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133217,"depth":94,"text":133290},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133226,"depth":94,"text":133292},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131813,"description":133294},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133301,"title":133302,"body":133303,"description":136078,"extension":1837,"meta":136079,"navigation":159,"path":136080,"seo":136081,"stem":136082,"__hash__":136083},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133304,"toc":136014},[133305,133311,133316,133319,133322,133333,133335,133404,133406,133420,133425,133430,133435,133437,133480,133482,133565,133567,133613,133619,133621,133623,133643,133645,133668,133670,133744,133746,133765,133770,133772,133776,133848,133850,133864,133868,133944,133946,133965,133969,134063,134065,134074,134081,134157,134159,134177,134181,134184,134191,134240,134242,134251,134258,134317,134319,134337,134340,134347,134406,134408,134426,134433,134490,134492,134501,134505,134510,134514,134573,134575,134593,134597,134644,134649,134652,134721,134723,134740,134747,134753,134808,134813,134816,134893,134895,134913,134919,134925,134985,134987,135006,135012,135015,135022,135075,135080,135082,135143,135152,135159,135161,135218,135223,135225,135296,135300,135355,135357,135366,135371,135377,135446,135448,135480,135486,135494,135501,135507,135572,135574,135583,135589,135670,135672,135681,135686,135700,135707,135711,135716,135744,135746,135879,135882,135919,135921,135927,135936,135941,135944,135949,135954,135960,135963,135972,135975,135977,136006,136011],[10,133306,123230,133308,11199],{"id":133307},"python-string-join-method",[44,133309,133310],{},"join()",[14,133312,123235,133313,133315],{},[44,133314,133310],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133317,133318],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133320,133321],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[291,133323,133324,133330],{},[294,133325,133326,133327,133329],{},"You call ",[44,133328,133310],{}," on the separator string",[294,133331,133332],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[32,133334,3482],{"id":3481},[37,133336,133338],{"className":39,"code":133337,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[44,133339,133340,133373,133394],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133341,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354,133356,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366,133369,133371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133343,3943],{"class":53},[47,133345,58],{"class":57},[47,133347,957],{"class":61},[47,133349,126],{"class":125},[47,133351,7171],{"class":129},[47,133353,126],{"class":125},[47,133355,69],{"class":61},[47,133357,136],{"class":125},[47,133359,12073],{"class":129},[47,133361,126],{"class":125},[47,133363,69],{"class":61},[47,133365,136],{"class":125},[47,133367,133368],{"class":129},"fun",[47,133370,126],{"class":125},[47,133372,1402],{"class":61},[47,133374,133375,133377,133379,133381,133383,133385,133388,133390,133392],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133376,2106],{"class":53},[47,133378,58],{"class":57},[47,133380,136],{"class":125},[47,133382,136],{"class":125},[47,133384,30],{"class":61},[47,133386,133387],{"class":173},"join",[47,133389,170],{"class":61},[47,133391,3986],{"class":173},[47,133393,80],{"class":61},[47,133395,133396,133398,133400,133402],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,133397,167],{"class":166},[47,133399,170],{"class":61},[47,133401,2141],{"class":173},[47,133403,80],{"class":61},[14,133405,215],{},[37,133407,133409],{"className":39,"code":133408,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Python is fun\n",[44,133410,133411],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133412,133413,133415,133417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133414,3448],{"class":53},[47,133416,12073],{"class":57},[47,133418,133419],{"class":53}," fun\n",[14,133421,1967,133422,133424],{},[44,133423,133310],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[32,133426,3550,133428,3553],{"id":133427},"what-join-does",[44,133429,133310],{},[14,133431,133432,133434],{},[44,133433,133310],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133436,11336],{},[291,133438,133439,133446,133474,133477],{},[294,133440,133441,133442,133445],{},"It uses the string before ",[44,133443,133444],{},".join()"," as the separator",[294,133447,133448,133449],{},"Common separators are:\n",[291,133450,133451,133457,133463,133469],{},[294,133452,133453,133456],{},[44,133454,133455],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[294,133458,133459,133462],{},[44,133460,133461],{},"\", \""," for commas",[294,133464,133465,133468],{},[44,133466,133467],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[294,133470,133471,133473],{},[44,133472,6146],{}," for no separator",[294,133475,133476],{},"It returns a new string",[294,133478,133479],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133481,2083],{},[37,133483,133485],{"className":39,"code":133484,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[44,133486,133487,133519,133541,133545,133555],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133488,133489,133491,133493,133495,133497,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133490,3943],{"class":53},[47,133492,58],{"class":57},[47,133494,957],{"class":61},[47,133496,126],{"class":125},[47,133498,832],{"class":129},[47,133500,126],{"class":125},[47,133502,69],{"class":61},[47,133504,136],{"class":125},[47,133506,841],{"class":129},[47,133508,126],{"class":125},[47,133510,69],{"class":61},[47,133512,136],{"class":125},[47,133514,850],{"class":129},[47,133516,126],{"class":125},[47,133518,1402],{"class":61},[47,133520,133521,133523,133525,133527,133529,133531,133533,133535,133537,133539],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133522,2106],{"class":53},[47,133524,58],{"class":57},[47,133526,136],{"class":125},[47,133528,2064],{"class":129},[47,133530,126],{"class":125},[47,133532,30],{"class":61},[47,133534,133387],{"class":173},[47,133536,170],{"class":61},[47,133538,3986],{"class":173},[47,133540,80],{"class":61},[47,133542,133543],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,133544,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,133546,133547,133549,133551,133553],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,133548,167],{"class":166},[47,133550,170],{"class":61},[47,133552,2141],{"class":173},[47,133554,80],{"class":61},[47,133556,133557,133559,133561,133563],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,133558,167],{"class":166},[47,133560,170],{"class":61},[47,133562,3986],{"class":173},[47,133564,80],{"class":61},[14,133566,215],{},[37,133568,133570],{"className":39,"code":133569,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[44,133571,133572,133585],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133573,133574,133576,133578,133581,133583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133575,832],{"class":53},[47,133577,69],{"class":61},[47,133579,133580],{"class":53}," green",[47,133582,69],{"class":61},[47,133584,35763],{"class":53},[47,133586,133587,133589,133591,133593,133595,133597,133599,133601,133603,133605,133607,133609,133611],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133588,3773],{"class":61},[47,133590,256],{"class":125},[47,133592,832],{"class":129},[47,133594,256],{"class":125},[47,133596,69],{"class":61},[47,133598,265],{"class":125},[47,133600,841],{"class":129},[47,133602,256],{"class":125},[47,133604,69],{"class":61},[47,133606,265],{"class":125},[47,133608,850],{"class":129},[47,133610,256],{"class":125},[47,133612,1402],{"class":61},[14,133614,133615,133616,133618],{},"The list stays the same. ",[44,133617,133310],{}," creates a new string.",[32,133620,2032],{"id":2031},[14,133622,7092],{},[37,133624,133626],{"className":39,"code":133625,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[44,133627,133628],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133629,133630,133633,133635,133637,133639,133641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133631,133632],{"class":53},"separator",[47,133634,30],{"class":61},[47,133636,133387],{"class":173},[47,133638,170],{"class":61},[47,133640,3594],{"class":173},[47,133642,80],{"class":61},[773,133644,48893],{"id":48892},[291,133646,133647,133660,133665],{},[294,133648,133649,133651,133652,2064,133654,2064,133656,2068,133658],{},[44,133650,133632],{}," is a string such as ",[44,133653,133455],{},[44,133655,133461],{},[44,133657,133467],{},[44,133659,6146],{},[294,133661,133662,133664],{},[44,133663,3594],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[294,133666,133667],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133669,2083],{},[37,133671,133673],{"className":39,"code":133672,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,133674,133675,133707,133730,133734],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133676,133677,133679,133681,133683,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703,133705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133678,4870],{"class":53},[47,133680,58],{"class":57},[47,133682,957],{"class":61},[47,133684,126],{"class":125},[47,133686,12760],{"class":129},[47,133688,126],{"class":125},[47,133690,69],{"class":61},[47,133692,136],{"class":125},[47,133694,35823],{"class":129},[47,133696,126],{"class":125},[47,133698,69],{"class":61},[47,133700,136],{"class":125},[47,133702,35832],{"class":129},[47,133704,126],{"class":125},[47,133706,1402],{"class":61},[47,133708,133709,133711,133713,133715,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133710,2106],{"class":53},[47,133712,58],{"class":57},[47,133714,136],{"class":125},[47,133716,133717],{"class":129}," | ",[47,133719,126],{"class":125},[47,133721,30],{"class":61},[47,133723,133387],{"class":173},[47,133725,170],{"class":61},[47,133727,4914],{"class":173},[47,133729,80],{"class":61},[47,133731,133732],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,133733,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,133735,133736,133738,133740,133742],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,133737,167],{"class":166},[47,133739,170],{"class":61},[47,133741,2141],{"class":173},[47,133743,80],{"class":61},[14,133745,215],{},[37,133747,133749],{"className":39,"code":133748,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[44,133750,133751],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133752,133753,133756,133758,133761,133763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133754,133755],{"class":53},"Ana ",[47,133757,113737],{"class":57},[47,133759,133760],{"class":53}," Ben ",[47,133762,113737],{"class":57},[47,133764,35904],{"class":53},[14,133766,133767,133768,30],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[21,133769,124983],{"href":50859},[32,133771,121761],{"id":121760},[773,133773,133775],{"id":133774},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[37,133777,133779],{"className":39,"code":133778,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,133780,133781,133814,133834,133838],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133782,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133810,133812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133784,3943],{"class":53},[47,133786,58],{"class":57},[47,133788,957],{"class":61},[47,133790,126],{"class":125},[47,133792,7171],{"class":129},[47,133794,126],{"class":125},[47,133796,69],{"class":61},[47,133798,136],{"class":125},[47,133800,12073],{"class":129},[47,133802,126],{"class":125},[47,133804,69],{"class":61},[47,133806,136],{"class":125},[47,133808,133809],{"class":129},"easy",[47,133811,126],{"class":125},[47,133813,1402],{"class":61},[47,133815,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133817,2106],{"class":53},[47,133819,58],{"class":57},[47,133821,136],{"class":125},[47,133823,136],{"class":125},[47,133825,30],{"class":61},[47,133827,133387],{"class":173},[47,133829,170],{"class":61},[47,133831,3986],{"class":173},[47,133833,80],{"class":61},[47,133835,133836],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,133837,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,133839,133840,133842,133844,133846],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,133841,167],{"class":166},[47,133843,170],{"class":61},[47,133845,2141],{"class":173},[47,133847,80],{"class":61},[14,133849,215],{},[37,133851,133853],{"className":39,"code":133852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Python is easy\n",[44,133854,133855],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133856,133857,133859,133861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133858,3448],{"class":53},[47,133860,12073],{"class":57},[47,133862,133863],{"class":53}," easy\n",[773,133865,133867],{"id":133866},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[37,133869,133871],{"className":39,"code":133870,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,133872,133873,133908,133930,133934],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133874,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133886,133888,133890,133892,133895,133897,133899,133901,133904,133906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133876,7654],{"class":53},[47,133878,58],{"class":57},[47,133880,957],{"class":61},[47,133882,126],{"class":125},[47,133884,133885],{"class":129},"apples",[47,133887,126],{"class":125},[47,133889,69],{"class":61},[47,133891,136],{"class":125},[47,133893,133894],{"class":129},"bananas",[47,133896,126],{"class":125},[47,133898,69],{"class":61},[47,133900,136],{"class":125},[47,133902,133903],{"class":129},"oranges",[47,133905,126],{"class":125},[47,133907,1402],{"class":61},[47,133909,133910,133912,133914,133916,133918,133920,133922,133924,133926,133928],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133911,2106],{"class":53},[47,133913,58],{"class":57},[47,133915,136],{"class":125},[47,133917,2064],{"class":129},[47,133919,126],{"class":125},[47,133921,30],{"class":61},[47,133923,133387],{"class":173},[47,133925,170],{"class":61},[47,133927,7684],{"class":173},[47,133929,80],{"class":61},[47,133931,133932],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,133933,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,133935,133936,133938,133940,133942],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,133937,167],{"class":166},[47,133939,170],{"class":61},[47,133941,2141],{"class":173},[47,133943,80],{"class":61},[14,133945,215],{},[37,133947,133949],{"className":39,"code":133948,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[44,133950,133951],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133952,133953,133955,133957,133960,133962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133954,133885],{"class":53},[47,133956,69],{"class":61},[47,133958,133959],{"class":53}," bananas",[47,133961,69],{"class":61},[47,133963,133964],{"class":53}," oranges\n",[773,133966,133968],{"id":133967},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[37,133970,133972],{"className":39,"code":133971,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,133973,133974,134031,134049,134053],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,133975,133976,133978,133980,133982,133984,133987,133989,133991,133993,133995,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133977,1118],{"class":53},[47,133979,58],{"class":57},[47,133981,957],{"class":61},[47,133983,126],{"class":125},[47,133985,133986],{"class":129},"P",[47,133988,126],{"class":125},[47,133990,69],{"class":61},[47,133992,136],{"class":125},[47,133994,11624],{"class":129},[47,133996,126],{"class":125},[47,133998,69],{"class":61},[47,134000,136],{"class":125},[47,134002,63166],{"class":129},[47,134004,126],{"class":125},[47,134006,69],{"class":61},[47,134008,136],{"class":125},[47,134010,60319],{"class":129},[47,134012,126],{"class":125},[47,134014,69],{"class":61},[47,134016,136],{"class":125},[47,134018,60354],{"class":129},[47,134020,126],{"class":125},[47,134022,69],{"class":61},[47,134024,136],{"class":125},[47,134026,75909],{"class":129},[47,134028,126],{"class":125},[47,134030,1402],{"class":61},[47,134032,134033,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134034,2106],{"class":53},[47,134036,58],{"class":57},[47,134038,6001],{"class":125},[47,134040,30],{"class":61},[47,134042,133387],{"class":173},[47,134044,170],{"class":61},[47,134046,1142],{"class":173},[47,134048,80],{"class":61},[47,134050,134051],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,134052,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,134054,134055,134057,134059,134061],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,134056,167],{"class":166},[47,134058,170],{"class":61},[47,134060,2141],{"class":173},[47,134062,80],{"class":61},[14,134064,215],{},[37,134066,134068],{"className":39,"code":134067,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Python\n",[44,134069,134070],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134071,134072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134073,134067],{"class":53},[773,134075,134077,134078,134080],{"id":134076},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[44,134079,133310],{}," returns the result",[37,134082,134084],{"className":39,"code":134083,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[44,134085,134086,134119,134142,134146],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134087,134088,134090,134092,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134115,134117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134089,3943],{"class":53},[47,134091,58],{"class":57},[47,134093,957],{"class":61},[47,134095,126],{"class":125},[47,134097,6458],{"class":129},[47,134099,126],{"class":125},[47,134101,69],{"class":61},[47,134103,136],{"class":125},[47,134105,79150],{"class":129},[47,134107,126],{"class":125},[47,134109,69],{"class":61},[47,134111,136],{"class":125},[47,134113,134114],{"class":129},"three",[47,134116,126],{"class":125},[47,134118,1402],{"class":61},[47,134120,134121,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132,134134,134136,134138,134140],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134122,134123],{"class":53},"joined_text ",[47,134125,58],{"class":57},[47,134127,136],{"class":125},[47,134129,1896],{"class":129},[47,134131,126],{"class":125},[47,134133,30],{"class":61},[47,134135,133387],{"class":173},[47,134137,170],{"class":61},[47,134139,3986],{"class":173},[47,134141,80],{"class":61},[47,134143,134144],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,134145,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,134147,134148,134150,134152,134155],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,134149,167],{"class":166},[47,134151,170],{"class":61},[47,134153,134154],{"class":173},"joined_text",[47,134156,80],{"class":61},[14,134158,215],{},[37,134160,134162],{"className":39,"code":134161,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"one-two-three\n",[44,134163,134164],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134165,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134167,6458],{"class":53},[47,134169,1896],{"class":57},[47,134171,79150],{"class":53},[47,134173,1896],{"class":57},[47,134175,134176],{"class":53},"three\n",[32,134178,134180],{"id":134179},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134182,134183],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[773,134185,134187,134190],{"id":134186},"join-adds-spaces",[44,134188,134189],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[37,134192,134194],{"className":39,"code":134193,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[44,134195,134196,134220],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134197,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214,134216,134218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134199,3943],{"class":53},[47,134201,58],{"class":57},[47,134203,957],{"class":61},[47,134205,126],{"class":125},[47,134207,3718],{"class":129},[47,134209,126],{"class":125},[47,134211,69],{"class":61},[47,134213,136],{"class":125},[47,134215,60472],{"class":129},[47,134217,126],{"class":125},[47,134219,1402],{"class":61},[47,134221,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134223,167],{"class":166},[47,134225,170],{"class":61},[47,134227,126],{"class":125},[47,134229,136],{"class":125},[47,134231,30],{"class":61},[47,134233,133387],{"class":173},[47,134235,170],{"class":61},[47,134237,3986],{"class":173},[47,134239,506],{"class":61},[14,134241,215],{},[37,134243,134245],{"className":39,"code":134244,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"hello world\n",[44,134246,134247],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134248,134249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134250,134244],{"class":53},[773,134252,134254,134257],{"id":134253},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[44,134255,134256],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[37,134259,134261],{"className":39,"code":134260,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[44,134262,134263,134295],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134264,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134266,823],{"class":53},[47,134268,58],{"class":57},[47,134270,957],{"class":61},[47,134272,126],{"class":125},[47,134274,832],{"class":129},[47,134276,126],{"class":125},[47,134278,69],{"class":61},[47,134280,136],{"class":125},[47,134282,850],{"class":129},[47,134284,126],{"class":125},[47,134286,69],{"class":61},[47,134288,136],{"class":125},[47,134290,841],{"class":129},[47,134292,126],{"class":125},[47,134294,1402],{"class":61},[47,134296,134297,134299,134301,134303,134305,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134298,167],{"class":166},[47,134300,170],{"class":61},[47,134302,126],{"class":125},[47,134304,2064],{"class":129},[47,134306,126],{"class":125},[47,134308,30],{"class":61},[47,134310,133387],{"class":173},[47,134312,170],{"class":61},[47,134314,863],{"class":173},[47,134316,506],{"class":61},[14,134318,215],{},[37,134320,134322],{"className":39,"code":134321,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"red, blue, green\n",[44,134323,134324],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134325,134326,134328,134330,134333,134335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134327,832],{"class":53},[47,134329,69],{"class":61},[47,134331,134332],{"class":53}," blue",[47,134334,69],{"class":61},[47,134336,35756],{"class":53},[14,134338,134339],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[773,134341,134343,134346],{"id":134342},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[44,134344,134345],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[37,134348,134350],{"className":39,"code":134349,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[44,134351,134352,134384],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134353,134354,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134355,42718],{"class":53},[47,134357,58],{"class":57},[47,134359,957],{"class":61},[47,134361,126],{"class":125},[47,134363,41],{"class":129},[47,134365,126],{"class":125},[47,134367,69],{"class":61},[47,134369,136],{"class":125},[47,134371,61055],{"class":129},[47,134373,126],{"class":125},[47,134375,69],{"class":61},[47,134377,136],{"class":125},[47,134379,133387],{"class":129},[47,134381,126],{"class":125},[47,134383,1402],{"class":61},[47,134385,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134387,167],{"class":166},[47,134389,170],{"class":61},[47,134391,126],{"class":125},[47,134393,1896],{"class":129},[47,134395,126],{"class":125},[47,134397,30],{"class":61},[47,134399,133387],{"class":173},[47,134401,170],{"class":61},[47,134403,42750],{"class":173},[47,134405,506],{"class":61},[14,134407,215],{},[37,134409,134411],{"className":39,"code":134410,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"python-string-join\n",[44,134412,134413],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134414,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134416,41],{"class":53},[47,134418,1896],{"class":57},[47,134420,61055],{"class":53},[47,134422,1896],{"class":57},[47,134424,134425],{"class":53},"join\n",[773,134427,134429,134432],{"id":134428},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[44,134430,134431],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[37,134434,134436],{"className":39,"code":134435,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[44,134437,134438,134471],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134439,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134467,134469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134441,112809],{"class":53},[47,134443,58],{"class":57},[47,134445,957],{"class":61},[47,134447,126],{"class":125},[47,134449,22121],{"class":129},[47,134451,126],{"class":125},[47,134453,69],{"class":61},[47,134455,136],{"class":125},[47,134457,30478],{"class":129},[47,134459,126],{"class":125},[47,134461,69],{"class":61},[47,134463,136],{"class":125},[47,134465,134466],{"class":129},"C",[47,134468,126],{"class":125},[47,134470,1402],{"class":61},[47,134472,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485,134488],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134474,167],{"class":166},[47,134476,170],{"class":61},[47,134478,6146],{"class":125},[47,134480,30],{"class":61},[47,134482,133387],{"class":173},[47,134484,170],{"class":61},[47,134486,134487],{"class":173},"chars",[47,134489,506],{"class":61},[14,134491,215],{},[37,134493,134495],{"className":39,"code":134494,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ABC\n",[44,134496,134497],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134498,134499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134500,134494],{"class":34333},[32,134502,134504],{"id":134503},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134506,134507,134509],{},[44,134508,133310],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[773,134511,134513],{"id":134512},"this-works","This works",[37,134515,134517],{"className":39,"code":134516,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[44,134518,134519,134551],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134520,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134522,1196],{"class":53},[47,134524,58],{"class":57},[47,134526,957],{"class":61},[47,134528,126],{"class":125},[47,134530,960],{"class":129},[47,134532,126],{"class":125},[47,134534,69],{"class":61},[47,134536,136],{"class":125},[47,134538,15632],{"class":129},[47,134540,126],{"class":125},[47,134542,69],{"class":61},[47,134544,136],{"class":125},[47,134546,36723],{"class":129},[47,134548,126],{"class":125},[47,134550,1402],{"class":61},[47,134552,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134554,167],{"class":166},[47,134556,170],{"class":61},[47,134558,126],{"class":125},[47,134560,2064],{"class":129},[47,134562,126],{"class":125},[47,134564,30],{"class":61},[47,134566,133387],{"class":173},[47,134568,170],{"class":61},[47,134570,1221],{"class":173},[47,134572,506],{"class":61},[14,134574,215],{},[37,134576,134578],{"className":39,"code":134577,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10, 20, 30\n",[44,134579,134580],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134581,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134583,960],{"class":65},[47,134585,69],{"class":61},[47,134587,965],{"class":65},[47,134589,69],{"class":61},[47,134591,134592],{"class":65}," 30\n",[773,134594,134596],{"id":134595},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[37,134598,134600],{"className":39,"code":134599,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[44,134601,134602,134622],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134603,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134605,1196],{"class":53},[47,134607,58],{"class":57},[47,134609,957],{"class":61},[47,134611,66],{"class":65},[47,134613,69],{"class":61},[47,134615,72],{"class":65},[47,134617,69],{"class":61},[47,134619,77],{"class":65},[47,134621,1402],{"class":61},[47,134623,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134625,167],{"class":166},[47,134627,170],{"class":61},[47,134629,126],{"class":125},[47,134631,2064],{"class":129},[47,134633,126],{"class":125},[47,134635,30],{"class":61},[47,134637,133387],{"class":173},[47,134639,170],{"class":61},[47,134641,1221],{"class":173},[47,134643,506],{"class":61},[14,134645,90190,134646,134648],{},[44,134647,2879],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134650,134651],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[37,134653,134655],{"className":39,"code":134654,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,134656,134657,134677,134707,134711],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134658,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134660,1196],{"class":53},[47,134662,58],{"class":57},[47,134664,957],{"class":61},[47,134666,66],{"class":65},[47,134668,69],{"class":61},[47,134670,72],{"class":65},[47,134672,69],{"class":61},[47,134674,77],{"class":65},[47,134676,1402],{"class":61},[47,134678,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134680,2106],{"class":53},[47,134682,58],{"class":57},[47,134684,136],{"class":125},[47,134686,2064],{"class":129},[47,134688,126],{"class":125},[47,134690,30],{"class":61},[47,134692,133387],{"class":173},[47,134694,170],{"class":61},[47,134696,39740],{"class":166},[47,134698,170],{"class":61},[47,134700,3315],{"class":118},[47,134702,69],{"class":61},[47,134704,3759],{"class":173},[47,134706,506],{"class":61},[47,134708,134709],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,134710,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,134712,134713,134715,134717,134719],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,134714,167],{"class":166},[47,134716,170],{"class":61},[47,134718,2141],{"class":173},[47,134720,80],{"class":61},[14,134722,215],{},[37,134724,134726],{"className":39,"code":134725,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1, 2, 3\n",[44,134727,134728],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134729,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134731,66],{"class":65},[47,134733,69],{"class":61},[47,134735,72],{"class":65},[47,134737,69],{"class":61},[47,134739,2453],{"class":65},[14,134741,134742,134743,30],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[21,134744,3448,134745,3381],{"href":42056},[44,134746,47567],{},[773,134748,134750,134752],{"id":134749},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[44,134751,3652],{}," values do not work directly",[37,134754,134756],{"className":39,"code":134755,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[44,134757,134758,134786],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134759,134760,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134761,1196],{"class":53},[47,134763,58],{"class":57},[47,134765,957],{"class":61},[47,134767,126],{"class":125},[47,134769,405],{"class":129},[47,134771,126],{"class":125},[47,134773,69],{"class":61},[47,134775,3725],{"class":412},[47,134777,69],{"class":61},[47,134779,136],{"class":125},[47,134781,3960],{"class":129},[47,134783,126],{"class":125},[47,134785,1402],{"class":61},[47,134787,134788,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134789,167],{"class":166},[47,134791,170],{"class":61},[47,134793,126],{"class":125},[47,134795,2064],{"class":129},[47,134797,126],{"class":125},[47,134799,30],{"class":61},[47,134801,133387],{"class":173},[47,134803,170],{"class":61},[47,134805,1221],{"class":173},[47,134807,506],{"class":61},[14,134809,134810,134811,30],{},"This also causes a ",[44,134812,2879],{},[14,134814,134815],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[37,134817,134819],{"className":39,"code":134818,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,134820,134821,134849,134879,134883],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134822,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134824,1196],{"class":53},[47,134826,58],{"class":57},[47,134828,957],{"class":61},[47,134830,126],{"class":125},[47,134832,405],{"class":129},[47,134834,126],{"class":125},[47,134836,69],{"class":61},[47,134838,3725],{"class":412},[47,134840,69],{"class":61},[47,134842,136],{"class":125},[47,134844,3960],{"class":129},[47,134846,126],{"class":125},[47,134848,1402],{"class":61},[47,134850,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134852,2106],{"class":53},[47,134854,58],{"class":57},[47,134856,136],{"class":125},[47,134858,2064],{"class":129},[47,134860,126],{"class":125},[47,134862,30],{"class":61},[47,134864,133387],{"class":173},[47,134866,170],{"class":61},[47,134868,39740],{"class":166},[47,134870,170],{"class":61},[47,134872,3315],{"class":118},[47,134874,69],{"class":61},[47,134876,3759],{"class":173},[47,134878,506],{"class":61},[47,134880,134881],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,134882,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,134884,134885,134887,134889,134891],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,134886,167],{"class":166},[47,134888,170],{"class":61},[47,134890,2141],{"class":173},[47,134892,80],{"class":61},[14,134894,215],{},[37,134896,134898],{"className":39,"code":134897,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"apple, None, banana\n",[44,134899,134900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134901,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134903,405],{"class":53},[47,134905,69],{"class":61},[47,134907,3725],{"class":412},[47,134909,69],{"class":61},[47,134911,134912],{"class":53}," banana\n",[14,134914,134915,134916,134918],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[44,134917,3652],{}," values instead of converting them.",[773,134920,134922,134924],{"id":134921},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[44,134923,133310],{}," also works with tuples",[37,134926,134928],{"className":39,"code":134927,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[44,134929,134930,134962],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134931,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948,134950,134952,134954,134956,134958,134960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134933,4870],{"class":53},[47,134935,58],{"class":57},[47,134937,62],{"class":61},[47,134939,126],{"class":125},[47,134941,7551],{"class":129},[47,134943,126],{"class":125},[47,134945,69],{"class":61},[47,134947,136],{"class":125},[47,134949,131316],{"class":129},[47,134951,126],{"class":125},[47,134953,69],{"class":61},[47,134955,136],{"class":125},[47,134957,7796],{"class":129},[47,134959,126],{"class":125},[47,134961,80],{"class":61},[47,134963,134964,134966,134968,134970,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134965,167],{"class":166},[47,134967,170],{"class":61},[47,134969,126],{"class":125},[47,134971,134972],{"class":129}," \u002F ",[47,134974,126],{"class":125},[47,134976,30],{"class":61},[47,134978,133387],{"class":173},[47,134980,170],{"class":61},[47,134982,4914],{"class":173},[47,134984,506],{"class":61},[14,134986,215],{},[37,134988,134990],{"className":39,"code":134989,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[44,134991,134992],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,134993,134994,134997,134999,135002,135004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134995,134996],{"class":53},"Sam ",[47,134998,127120],{"class":57},[47,135000,135001],{"class":53}," Lee ",[47,135003,127120],{"class":57},[47,135005,22210],{"class":53},[32,135007,135009,135010],{"id":135008},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[44,135011,133310],{},[14,135013,135014],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[773,135016,135018,135019,135021],{"id":135017},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[44,135020,2879],{}," because not all items are strings",[37,135023,135025],{"className":39,"code":135024,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[44,135026,135027,135055],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135028,135029,135031,135033,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135030,7654],{"class":53},[47,135032,58],{"class":57},[47,135034,957],{"class":61},[47,135036,126],{"class":125},[47,135038,21],{"class":129},[47,135040,126],{"class":125},[47,135042,69],{"class":61},[47,135044,72],{"class":65},[47,135046,69],{"class":61},[47,135048,136],{"class":125},[47,135050,148],{"class":129},[47,135052,126],{"class":125},[47,135054,1402],{"class":61},[47,135056,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135058,167],{"class":166},[47,135060,170],{"class":61},[47,135062,126],{"class":125},[47,135064,136],{"class":125},[47,135066,30],{"class":61},[47,135068,133387],{"class":173},[47,135070,170],{"class":61},[47,135072,7684],{"class":173},[47,135074,506],{"class":61},[14,135076,48394,135077,135079],{},[44,135078,1931],{}," is an integer.",[14,135081,39142],{},[37,135083,135085],{"className":39,"code":135084,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[44,135086,135087,135115],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135088,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135090,7654],{"class":53},[47,135092,58],{"class":57},[47,135094,957],{"class":61},[47,135096,126],{"class":125},[47,135098,21],{"class":129},[47,135100,126],{"class":125},[47,135102,69],{"class":61},[47,135104,72],{"class":65},[47,135106,69],{"class":61},[47,135108,136],{"class":125},[47,135110,148],{"class":129},[47,135112,126],{"class":125},[47,135114,1402],{"class":61},[47,135116,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135118,167],{"class":166},[47,135120,170],{"class":61},[47,135122,126],{"class":125},[47,135124,136],{"class":125},[47,135126,30],{"class":61},[47,135128,133387],{"class":173},[47,135130,170],{"class":61},[47,135132,39740],{"class":166},[47,135134,170],{"class":61},[47,135136,3315],{"class":118},[47,135138,69],{"class":61},[47,135140,5840],{"class":173},[47,135142,2788],{"class":61},[14,135144,135145,135146,30],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[21,135147,25556,135149],{"href":135148},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[44,135150,135151],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[773,135153,135155,135156,135158],{"id":135154},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[44,135157,133310],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135160,4400],{},[37,135162,135164],{"className":39,"code":135163,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[44,135165,135166,135198],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135167,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135169,3943],{"class":53},[47,135171,58],{"class":57},[47,135173,957],{"class":61},[47,135175,126],{"class":125},[47,135177,7171],{"class":129},[47,135179,126],{"class":125},[47,135181,69],{"class":61},[47,135183,136],{"class":125},[47,135185,12073],{"class":129},[47,135187,126],{"class":125},[47,135189,69],{"class":61},[47,135191,136],{"class":125},[47,135193,133368],{"class":129},[47,135195,126],{"class":125},[47,135197,1402],{"class":61},[47,135199,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135212,135214,135216],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135201,2106],{"class":53},[47,135203,58],{"class":57},[47,135205,6042],{"class":53},[47,135207,30],{"class":61},[47,135209,133387],{"class":173},[47,135211,170],{"class":61},[47,135213,126],{"class":125},[47,135215,136],{"class":125},[47,135217,80],{"class":61},[14,135219,135220,135222],{},[44,135221,133310],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135224,10684],{},[37,135226,135228],{"className":39,"code":135227,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,135229,135230,135262,135282,135286],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135231,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135233,3943],{"class":53},[47,135235,58],{"class":57},[47,135237,957],{"class":61},[47,135239,126],{"class":125},[47,135241,7171],{"class":129},[47,135243,126],{"class":125},[47,135245,69],{"class":61},[47,135247,136],{"class":125},[47,135249,12073],{"class":129},[47,135251,126],{"class":125},[47,135253,69],{"class":61},[47,135255,136],{"class":125},[47,135257,133368],{"class":129},[47,135259,126],{"class":125},[47,135261,1402],{"class":61},[47,135263,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135265,2106],{"class":53},[47,135267,58],{"class":57},[47,135269,136],{"class":125},[47,135271,136],{"class":125},[47,135273,30],{"class":61},[47,135275,133387],{"class":173},[47,135277,170],{"class":61},[47,135279,3986],{"class":173},[47,135281,80],{"class":61},[47,135283,135284],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135285,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,135287,135288,135290,135292,135294],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,135289,167],{"class":166},[47,135291,170],{"class":61},[47,135293,2141],{"class":173},[47,135295,80],{"class":61},[773,135297,135299],{"id":135298},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[37,135301,135303],{"className":39,"code":135302,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[44,135304,135305,135337],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135306,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135308,3943],{"class":53},[47,135310,58],{"class":57},[47,135312,957],{"class":61},[47,135314,126],{"class":125},[47,135316,6458],{"class":129},[47,135318,126],{"class":125},[47,135320,69],{"class":61},[47,135322,136],{"class":125},[47,135324,79150],{"class":129},[47,135326,126],{"class":125},[47,135328,69],{"class":61},[47,135330,136],{"class":125},[47,135332,134114],{"class":129},[47,135334,126],{"class":125},[47,135336,1402],{"class":61},[47,135338,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135340,167],{"class":166},[47,135342,170],{"class":61},[47,135344,6146],{"class":125},[47,135346,30],{"class":61},[47,135348,133387],{"class":173},[47,135350,170],{"class":61},[47,135352,3986],{"class":173},[47,135354,506],{"class":61},[14,135356,215],{},[37,135358,135360],{"className":39,"code":135359,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"onetwothree\n",[44,135361,135362],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135363,135364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135365,135359],{"class":53},[14,135367,135368,135369,6504],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[44,135370,133455],{},[773,135372,135374,135375,131578],{"id":135373},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[44,135376,133310],{},[37,135378,135380],{"className":39,"code":135379,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[44,135381,135382,135414,135432,135436],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135383,135384,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135385,3943],{"class":53},[47,135387,58],{"class":57},[47,135389,957],{"class":61},[47,135391,126],{"class":125},[47,135393,21],{"class":129},[47,135395,126],{"class":125},[47,135397,69],{"class":61},[47,135399,136],{"class":125},[47,135401,139],{"class":129},[47,135403,126],{"class":125},[47,135405,69],{"class":61},[47,135407,136],{"class":125},[47,135409,148],{"class":129},[47,135411,126],{"class":125},[47,135413,1402],{"class":61},[47,135415,135416,135418,135420,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135417,126],{"class":43210},[47,135419,1896],{"class":43214},[47,135421,126],{"class":43210},[47,135423,30],{"class":61},[47,135425,133387],{"class":173},[47,135427,170],{"class":61},[47,135429,3986],{"class":173},[47,135431,80],{"class":61},[47,135433,135434],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135435,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,135437,135438,135440,135442,135444],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,135439,167],{"class":166},[47,135441,170],{"class":61},[47,135443,3986],{"class":173},[47,135445,80],{"class":61},[14,135447,215],{},[37,135449,135450],{"className":39,"code":42757,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,135451,135452],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135453,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135455,3773],{"class":61},[47,135457,256],{"class":125},[47,135459,21],{"class":129},[47,135461,256],{"class":125},[47,135463,69],{"class":61},[47,135465,265],{"class":125},[47,135467,139],{"class":129},[47,135469,256],{"class":125},[47,135471,69],{"class":61},[47,135473,265],{"class":125},[47,135475,148],{"class":129},[47,135477,256],{"class":125},[47,135479,1402],{"class":61},[14,135481,135482,135483,135485],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[44,135484,133310],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[32,135487,135489,135491,135492],{"id":135488},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[44,135490,133310],{}," vs concatenation with ",[44,135493,1934],{},[14,135495,10466,135496,4267,135498,135500],{},[44,135497,133310],{},[44,135499,1934],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[773,135502,1967,135504,135506],{"id":135503},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[44,135505,1934],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[37,135508,135510],{"className":39,"code":135509,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,135511,135512,135525,135538,135558,135562],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135513,135514,135517,135519,135521,135523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135515,135516],{"class":53},"first ",[47,135518,58],{"class":57},[47,135520,136],{"class":125},[47,135522,34748],{"class":129},[47,135524,3230],{"class":125},[47,135526,135527,135530,135532,135534,135536],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135528,135529],{"class":53},"second ",[47,135531,58],{"class":57},[47,135533,136],{"class":125},[47,135535,89619],{"class":129},[47,135537,3230],{"class":125},[47,135539,135540,135542,135544,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135541,2106],{"class":53},[47,135543,58],{"class":57},[47,135545,135546],{"class":53}," first ",[47,135548,1934],{"class":57},[47,135550,136],{"class":125},[47,135552,136],{"class":125},[47,135554,2330],{"class":57},[47,135556,135557],{"class":53}," second\n",[47,135559,135560],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,135561,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,135563,135564,135566,135568,135570],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,135565,167],{"class":166},[47,135567,170],{"class":61},[47,135569,2141],{"class":173},[47,135571,80],{"class":61},[14,135573,215],{},[37,135575,135577],{"className":39,"code":135576,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello World\n",[44,135578,135579],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135580,135581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135582,135576],{"class":53},[773,135584,1967,135586,135588],{"id":135585},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[44,135587,133310],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[37,135590,135592],{"className":39,"code":135591,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,135593,135594,135636,135656,135660],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135595,135596,135598,135600,135602,135604,135606,135608,135610,135612,135615,135617,135619,135621,135624,135626,135628,135630,135632,135634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135597,3943],{"class":53},[47,135599,58],{"class":57},[47,135601,957],{"class":61},[47,135603,126],{"class":125},[47,135605,7171],{"class":129},[47,135607,126],{"class":125},[47,135609,69],{"class":61},[47,135611,136],{"class":125},[47,135613,135614],{"class":129},"makes",[47,135616,126],{"class":125},[47,135618,69],{"class":61},[47,135620,136],{"class":125},[47,135622,135623],{"class":129},"this",[47,135625,126],{"class":125},[47,135627,69],{"class":61},[47,135629,136],{"class":125},[47,135631,133809],{"class":129},[47,135633,126],{"class":125},[47,135635,1402],{"class":61},[47,135637,135638,135640,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135639,2106],{"class":53},[47,135641,58],{"class":57},[47,135643,136],{"class":125},[47,135645,136],{"class":125},[47,135647,30],{"class":61},[47,135649,133387],{"class":173},[47,135651,170],{"class":61},[47,135653,3986],{"class":173},[47,135655,80],{"class":61},[47,135657,135658],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135659,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,135661,135662,135664,135666,135668],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,135663,167],{"class":166},[47,135665,170],{"class":61},[47,135667,2141],{"class":173},[47,135669,80],{"class":61},[14,135671,215],{},[37,135673,135675],{"className":39,"code":135674,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Python makes this easy\n",[44,135676,135677],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135678,135679],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135680,135674],{"class":53},[14,135682,135683,135685],{},[44,135684,133310],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[291,135687,135688,135691,135694],{},[294,135689,135690],{},"You already have a list of strings",[294,135692,135693],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[294,135695,135696,135697,135699],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[44,135698,1934],{}," operators",[14,135701,135702,135703,30],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[21,135704,135706],{"href":135705},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[32,135708,135710],{"id":135709},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135712,8753,135713,135715],{},[44,135714,133310],{}," is not working, check these first:",[291,135717,135718,135721,135726,135735,135741],{},[294,135719,135720],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[294,135722,135723,135724],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[44,135725,3652],{},[294,135727,135728,135729,10969,135732],{},"You may have written ",[44,135730,135731],{},"list.join(...)",[44,135733,135734],{},"string.join(...)",[294,135736,135737,135738,135740],{},"You may be expecting ",[44,135739,133310],{}," to change the original iterable",[294,135742,135743],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135745,94259],{},[37,135747,135749],{"className":39,"code":135748,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[44,135750,135751,135765,135775,135799,135839],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,135752,135753,135755,135757,135759,135761,135763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135754,167],{"class":166},[47,135756,170],{"class":61},[47,135758,499],{"class":118},[47,135760,170],{"class":61},[47,135762,7684],{"class":173},[47,135764,506],{"class":61},[47,135766,135767,135769,135771,135773],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135768,167],{"class":166},[47,135770,170],{"class":61},[47,135772,7684],{"class":173},[47,135774,80],{"class":61},[47,135776,135777,135779,135781,135783,135785,135787,135789,135791,135793,135795,135797],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135778,167],{"class":166},[47,135780,122],{"class":61},[47,135782,499],{"class":118},[47,135784,170],{"class":61},[47,135786,1329],{"class":173},[47,135788,3533],{"class":61},[47,135790,3750],{"class":3749},[47,135792,5835],{"class":173},[47,135794,3756],{"class":3749},[47,135796,5840],{"class":173},[47,135798,153],{"class":61},[47,135800,135801,135803,135805,135807,135809,135811,135813,135815,135817,135819,135821,135823,135825,135827,135829,135831,135833,135835,135837],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,135802,167],{"class":166},[47,135804,170],{"class":61},[47,135806,256],{"class":125},[47,135808,265],{"class":125},[47,135810,30],{"class":61},[47,135812,133387],{"class":173},[47,135814,122],{"class":61},[47,135816,256],{"class":125},[47,135818,21],{"class":129},[47,135820,256],{"class":125},[47,135822,69],{"class":61},[47,135824,265],{"class":125},[47,135826,139],{"class":129},[47,135828,256],{"class":125},[47,135830,69],{"class":61},[47,135832,265],{"class":125},[47,135834,148],{"class":129},[47,135836,256],{"class":125},[47,135838,2873],{"class":61},[47,135840,135841,135843,135845,135847,135849,135851,135853,135855,135857,135859,135861,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871,135873,135875,135877],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,135842,167],{"class":166},[47,135844,170],{"class":61},[47,135846,256],{"class":125},[47,135848,2064],{"class":129},[47,135850,256],{"class":125},[47,135852,30],{"class":61},[47,135854,133387],{"class":173},[47,135856,170],{"class":61},[47,135858,39740],{"class":166},[47,135860,170],{"class":61},[47,135862,3315],{"class":118},[47,135864,69],{"class":61},[47,135866,957],{"class":61},[47,135868,66],{"class":65},[47,135870,69],{"class":61},[47,135872,72],{"class":65},[47,135874,69],{"class":61},[47,135876,77],{"class":65},[47,135878,37146],{"class":61},[14,135880,135881],{},"What these checks do:",[291,135883,135884,135892,135898,135904,135913],{},[294,135885,135886,135889,135890,7972],{},[44,135887,135888],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[44,135891,7684],{},[294,135893,135894,135897],{},[44,135895,135896],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[294,135899,135900,135903],{},[44,135901,135902],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[294,135905,135906,135909,135910,135912],{},[44,135907,135908],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[44,135911,133310],{}," behavior",[294,135914,135915,135918],{},[44,135916,135917],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[32,135920,1708],{"id":1707},[773,135922,12584,135924,135926],{"id":135923},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[44,135925,133310],{}," work with numbers?",[14,135928,135929,135930,135932,135933,30],{},"Not directly. ",[44,135931,133310],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[44,135934,135935],{},"map(str, values)",[773,135937,12584,135939,57046],{"id":135938},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[44,135940,133310],{},[14,135942,135943],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[773,135945,28206,135947,62516],{"id":135946},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[44,135948,133310],{},[14,135950,42033,135951,135953],{},[44,135952,133310],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[773,135955,1744,135957,39841],{"id":135956},"what-does-joinwords-do",[44,135958,135959],{},"''.join(words)",[14,135961,135962],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[773,135964,135966,135967,135969,135970,2368],{"id":135965},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[44,135968,2879],{}," when using ",[44,135971,133310],{},[14,135973,135974],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[32,135976,1758],{"id":1757},[291,135978,135979,135984,135990,135996,136002],{},[294,135980,135981],{},[21,135982,135983],{"href":135705},"How to join strings in Python",[294,135985,135986],{},[21,135987,126228,135988,10617],{"href":128915},[44,135989,60412],{},[294,135991,135992],{},[21,135993,3448,135994,3381],{"href":42056},[44,135995,47567],{},[294,135997,135998],{},[21,135999,30225,136000],{"href":135148},[44,136001,135151],{},[294,136003,136004],{},[21,136005,124983],{"href":50859},[14,136007,97229,136008,136010],{},[44,136009,133310],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1796,136012,136013],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":136015},[136016,136017,136019,136022,136029,136039,136047,136057,136064,136065,136077],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":133427,"depth":83,"text":136018},"What join() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032,"children":136020},[136021],{"id":48892,"depth":94,"text":48893},{"id":121760,"depth":83,"text":121761,"children":136023},[136024,136025,136026,136027],{"id":133774,"depth":94,"text":133775},{"id":133866,"depth":94,"text":133867},{"id":133967,"depth":94,"text":133968},{"id":134076,"depth":94,"text":136028},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134179,"depth":83,"text":134180,"children":136030},[136031,136033,136035,136037],{"id":134186,"depth":94,"text":136032},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134253,"depth":94,"text":136034},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134342,"depth":94,"text":136036},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134428,"depth":94,"text":136038},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134503,"depth":83,"text":134504,"children":136040},[136041,136042,136043,136045],{"id":134512,"depth":94,"text":134513},{"id":134595,"depth":94,"text":134596},{"id":134749,"depth":94,"text":136044},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134921,"depth":94,"text":136046},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135008,"depth":83,"text":136048,"children":136049},"Common errors with join()",[136050,136052,136054,136055],{"id":135017,"depth":94,"text":136051},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135154,"depth":94,"text":136053},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135298,"depth":94,"text":135299},{"id":135373,"depth":94,"text":136056},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135488,"depth":83,"text":136058,"children":136059},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136060,136062],{"id":135503,"depth":94,"text":136061},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135585,"depth":94,"text":136063},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135709,"depth":83,"text":135710},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":136066},[136067,136069,136071,136073,136075],{"id":135923,"depth":94,"text":136068},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135938,"depth":94,"text":136070},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135946,"depth":94,"text":136072},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135956,"depth":94,"text":136074},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135965,"depth":94,"text":136076},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133302,"description":136078},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136085,"title":136086,"body":136087,"description":137655,"extension":1837,"meta":137656,"navigation":159,"path":137657,"seo":137658,"stem":137659,"__hash__":137660},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136088,"toc":137622},[136089,136094,136099,136101,136115,136160,136167,136172,136177,136179,136195,136204,136206,136208,136223,136225,136235,136237,136299,136301,136304,136365,136367,136383,136385,136398,136401,136448,136450,136456,136459,136462,136522,136530,136616,136620,136625,136627,136641,136644,136729,136732,136790,136801,136856,136858,136865,136871,136877,136921,136924,136971,136973,136975,136982,136984,137015,137018,137020,137051,137055,137058,137060,137100,137102,137145,137151,137156,137158,137185,137190,137193,137242,137246,137249,137324,137335,137338,137395,137402,137408,137416,137421,137428,137435,137453,137455,137509,137517,137519,137524,137527,137533,137539,137544,137547,137553,137559,137566,137574,137576,137619],[10,136090,123230,136092,11199],{"id":136091},"python-string-lower-method",[44,136093,123960],{},[14,136095,123235,136096,136098],{},[44,136097,123960],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136100,23963],{},[291,136102,136103,136106,136109,136112],{},[294,136104,136105],{},"convert text to lowercase",[294,136107,136108],{},"compare text without case differences",[294,136110,136111],{},"clean up user input",[294,136113,136114],{},"make simple text matching easier",[37,136116,136118],{"className":39,"code":136117,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[44,136119,136120,136133,136147],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136121,136122,136124,136126,136128,136131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136123,34568],{"class":53},[47,136125,58],{"class":57},[47,136127,136],{"class":125},[47,136129,136130],{"class":129},"Hello WORLD",[47,136132,3230],{"class":125},[47,136134,136135,136137,136139,136141,136143,136145],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136136,2106],{"class":53},[47,136138,58],{"class":57},[47,136140,42723],{"class":53},[47,136142,30],{"class":61},[47,136144,8518],{"class":173},[47,136146,241],{"class":61},[47,136148,136149,136151,136153,136155,136157],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136150,167],{"class":166},[47,136152,170],{"class":61},[47,136154,2141],{"class":173},[47,136156,3533],{"class":61},[47,136158,136159],{"class":1494},"  # hello world\n",[14,136161,136162,88842,136164,136166],{},[575,136163,83700],{},[44,136165,123960],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[32,136168,3550,136170,3553],{"id":136169},"what-lower-does",[44,136171,123960],{},[14,136173,136174,136176],{},[44,136175,123960],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136178,12932],{},[291,136180,136181,136186,136189,136192],{},[294,136182,136183,136185],{},[44,136184,123960],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[294,136187,136188],{},"It works on string objects",[294,136190,136191],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[294,136193,136194],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136196,124980,136197,136201,136202,30],{},[21,136198,136200],{"href":136199},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[21,136203,50860],{"href":50859},[32,136205,2032],{"id":2031},[14,136207,2035],{},[37,136209,136211],{"className":39,"code":136210,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.lower()\n",[44,136212,136213],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136214,136215,136217,136219,136221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136216,61055],{"class":53},[47,136218,30],{"class":61},[47,136220,8518],{"class":173},[47,136222,241],{"class":61},[14,136224,43532],{},[291,136226,136227,136229,136232],{},[294,136228,97407],{},[294,136230,136231],{},"You call it directly on a string",[294,136233,136234],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136236,2083],{},[37,136238,136240],{"className":39,"code":136239,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[44,136241,136242,136265,136269,136282],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136243,136244,136246,136248,136250,136253,136255,136257,136259,136262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136245,167],{"class":166},[47,136247,170],{"class":61},[47,136249,126],{"class":125},[47,136251,136252],{"class":129},"HELLO",[47,136254,126],{"class":125},[47,136256,30],{"class":61},[47,136258,8518],{"class":173},[47,136260,136261],{"class":61},"())",[47,136263,136264],{"class":1494},"  # hello\n",[47,136266,136267],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136268,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,136270,136271,136273,136275,136277,136280],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136272,7751],{"class":53},[47,136274,58],{"class":57},[47,136276,136],{"class":125},[47,136278,136279],{"class":129},"PyThOn",[47,136281,3230],{"class":125},[47,136283,136284,136286,136288,136290,136292,136294,136296],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136285,167],{"class":166},[47,136287,170],{"class":61},[47,136289,7542],{"class":173},[47,136291,30],{"class":61},[47,136293,8518],{"class":173},[47,136295,136261],{"class":61},[47,136297,136298],{"class":1494},"  # python\n",[32,136300,11353],{"id":11352},[14,136302,136303],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[37,136305,136307],{"className":39,"code":136306,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[44,136308,136309,136321,136325,136340,136344,136355],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136310,136311,136313,136315,136317,136319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136312,34568],{"class":53},[47,136314,58],{"class":57},[47,136316,136],{"class":125},[47,136318,136130],{"class":129},[47,136320,3230],{"class":125},[47,136322,136323],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136324,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,136326,136327,136330,136332,136334,136336,136338],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136328,136329],{"class":53},"lower_text ",[47,136331,58],{"class":57},[47,136333,42723],{"class":53},[47,136335,30],{"class":61},[47,136337,8518],{"class":173},[47,136339,241],{"class":61},[47,136341,136342],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136343,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,136345,136346,136348,136350,136353],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,136347,167],{"class":166},[47,136349,170],{"class":61},[47,136351,136352],{"class":173},"lower_text",[47,136354,80],{"class":61},[47,136356,136357,136359,136361,136363],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,136358,167],{"class":166},[47,136360,170],{"class":61},[47,136362,34589],{"class":173},[47,136364,80],{"class":61},[14,136366,215],{},[37,136368,136370],{"className":39,"code":136369,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[44,136371,136372,136376],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136373,136374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136375,134244],{"class":53},[47,136377,136378,136380],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136379,131644],{"class":53},[47,136381,136382],{"class":34333},"WORLD\n",[14,136384,24483],{},[291,136386,136387,136392],{},[294,136388,136389,136391],{},[44,136390,123960],{}," returns the lowercase result",[294,136393,136394,136395,136397],{},"the original ",[44,136396,34589],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136399,136400],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[37,136402,136404],{"className":39,"code":136403,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[44,136405,136406,136418,136432,136436],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136407,136408,136410,136412,136414,136416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136409,34568],{"class":53},[47,136411,58],{"class":57},[47,136413,136],{"class":125},[47,136415,136130],{"class":129},[47,136417,3230],{"class":125},[47,136419,136420,136422,136424,136426,136428,136430],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136421,34568],{"class":53},[47,136423,58],{"class":57},[47,136425,42723],{"class":53},[47,136427,30],{"class":61},[47,136429,8518],{"class":173},[47,136431,241],{"class":61},[47,136433,136434],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136435,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,136437,136438,136440,136442,136444,136446],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136439,167],{"class":166},[47,136441,170],{"class":61},[47,136443,34589],{"class":173},[47,136445,3533],{"class":61},[47,136447,136159],{"class":1494},[32,136449,17296],{"id":17295},[14,136451,136452,21851,136454,30],{},[44,136453,123960],{},[575,136455,61055],{},[14,136457,136458],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136460,136461],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[37,136463,136465],{"className":39,"code":136464,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[44,136466,136467,136481,136485,136508],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136468,136469,136472,136474,136476,136479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136470,136471],{"class":53},"answer ",[47,136473,58],{"class":57},[47,136475,136],{"class":125},[47,136477,136478],{"class":129},"YES",[47,136480,3230],{"class":125},[47,136482,136483],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136484,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,136486,136487,136489,136492,136494,136496,136498,136500,136502,136504,136506],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136488,6871],{"class":3749},[47,136490,136491],{"class":53}," answer",[47,136493,30],{"class":61},[47,136495,8518],{"class":173},[47,136497,550],{"class":61},[47,136499,6283],{"class":57},[47,136501,136],{"class":125},[47,136503,8535],{"class":129},[47,136505,126],{"class":125},[47,136507,6268],{"class":61},[47,136509,136510,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136511,7944],{"class":166},[47,136513,170],{"class":61},[47,136515,126],{"class":125},[47,136517,96716],{"class":129},[47,136519,126],{"class":125},[47,136521,80],{"class":61},[14,136523,136524,136525,2760],{},"This is especially useful with ",[21,136526,136527,136528,2180],{"href":8095},"the ",[44,136529,2833],{},[37,136531,136533],{"className":39,"code":136532,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[44,136534,136535,136554,136558,136580,136595,136601],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136536,136537,136539,136541,136543,136545,136547,136550,136552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136538,136471],{"class":53},[47,136540,58],{"class":57},[47,136542,8118],{"class":166},[47,136544,170],{"class":61},[47,136546,126],{"class":125},[47,136548,136549],{"class":129},"Type yes or no: ",[47,136551,126],{"class":125},[47,136553,80],{"class":61},[47,136555,136556],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136557,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,136559,136560,136562,136564,136566,136568,136570,136572,136574,136576,136578],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136561,6871],{"class":3749},[47,136563,136491],{"class":53},[47,136565,30],{"class":61},[47,136567,8518],{"class":173},[47,136569,550],{"class":61},[47,136571,6283],{"class":57},[47,136573,136],{"class":125},[47,136575,8535],{"class":129},[47,136577,126],{"class":125},[47,136579,6268],{"class":61},[47,136581,136582,136584,136586,136588,136591,136593],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136583,7944],{"class":166},[47,136585,170],{"class":61},[47,136587,126],{"class":125},[47,136589,136590],{"class":129},"You typed yes",[47,136592,126],{"class":125},[47,136594,80],{"class":61},[47,136596,136597,136599],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,136598,27311],{"class":3749},[47,136600,6268],{"class":61},[47,136602,136603,136605,136607,136609,136612,136614],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,136604,7944],{"class":166},[47,136606,170],{"class":61},[47,136608,126],{"class":125},[47,136610,136611],{"class":129},"You typed something else",[47,136613,126],{"class":125},[47,136615,80],{"class":61},[32,136617,136619],{"id":136618},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136621,136622,136624],{},[44,136623,123960],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136626,7217],{},[291,136628,136629,136632,136635,136638],{},[294,136630,136631],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[294,136633,136634],{},"Make text matching easier",[294,136636,136637],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[294,136639,136640],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136642,136643],{},"Example: checking user input",[37,136645,136647],{"className":39,"code":136646,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[44,136648,136649,136667,136671,136693,136708,136714],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136650,136651,136653,136655,136657,136659,136661,136663,136665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136652,44841],{"class":53},[47,136654,58],{"class":57},[47,136656,8118],{"class":166},[47,136658,170],{"class":61},[47,136660,126],{"class":125},[47,136662,44852],{"class":129},[47,136664,126],{"class":125},[47,136666,80],{"class":61},[47,136668,136669],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136670,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,136672,136673,136675,136677,136679,136681,136683,136685,136687,136689,136691],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136674,6871],{"class":3749},[47,136676,35733],{"class":53},[47,136678,30],{"class":61},[47,136680,8518],{"class":173},[47,136682,550],{"class":61},[47,136684,6283],{"class":57},[47,136686,136],{"class":125},[47,136688,850],{"class":129},[47,136690,126],{"class":125},[47,136692,6268],{"class":61},[47,136694,136695,136697,136699,136701,136704,136706],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136696,7944],{"class":166},[47,136698,170],{"class":61},[47,136700,126],{"class":125},[47,136702,136703],{"class":129},"Nice choice!",[47,136705,126],{"class":125},[47,136707,80],{"class":61},[47,136709,136710,136712],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,136711,27311],{"class":3749},[47,136713,6268],{"class":61},[47,136715,136716,136718,136720,136722,136725,136727],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,136717,7944],{"class":166},[47,136719,170],{"class":61},[47,136721,126],{"class":125},[47,136723,136724],{"class":129},"Got it.",[47,136726,126],{"class":125},[47,136728,80],{"class":61},[14,136730,136731],{},"Example: simple search",[37,136733,136735],{"className":39,"code":136734,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[44,136736,136737,136750,136754,136775],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136738,136739,136741,136743,136745,136748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136740,89886],{"class":53},[47,136742,58],{"class":57},[47,136744,136],{"class":125},[47,136746,136747],{"class":129},"Python Is Fun",[47,136749,3230],{"class":125},[47,136751,136752],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136753,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,136755,136756,136758,136760,136762,136764,136766,136769,136771,136773],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136757,6871],{"class":3749},[47,136759,136],{"class":125},[47,136761,41],{"class":129},[47,136763,126],{"class":125},[47,136765,21049],{"class":57},[47,136767,136768],{"class":53}," message",[47,136770,30],{"class":61},[47,136772,8518],{"class":173},[47,136774,21471],{"class":61},[47,136776,136777,136779,136781,136783,136786,136788],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136778,7944],{"class":166},[47,136780,170],{"class":61},[47,136782,126],{"class":125},[47,136784,136785],{"class":129},"Found it",[47,136787,126],{"class":125},[47,136789,80],{"class":61},[14,136791,136792,136793,136795,136796,2760],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[44,136794,123960],{}," is often used with ",[21,136797,136799],{"href":136798},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[44,136800,41534],{},[37,136802,136804],{"className":39,"code":136803,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[44,136805,136806,136819,136838,136842],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136807,136808,136810,136812,136814,136817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136809,7751],{"class":53},[47,136811,58],{"class":57},[47,136813,136],{"class":125},[47,136815,136816],{"class":129},"  ALICE  ",[47,136818,3230],{"class":125},[47,136820,136821,136824,136826,136828,136830,136832,136834,136836],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136822,136823],{"class":53},"clean_name ",[47,136825,58],{"class":57},[47,136827,35874],{"class":53},[47,136829,30],{"class":61},[47,136831,8512],{"class":173},[47,136833,8515],{"class":61},[47,136835,8518],{"class":173},[47,136837,241],{"class":61},[47,136839,136840],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136841,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,136843,136844,136846,136848,136851,136853],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136845,167],{"class":166},[47,136847,170],{"class":61},[47,136849,136850],{"class":173},"clean_name",[47,136852,3533],{"class":61},[47,136854,136855],{"class":1494},"  # alice\n",[32,136857,15474],{"id":15473},[14,136859,136860,136861,136864],{},"Strings are ",[575,136862,136863],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136866,136867,136868,136870],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[44,136869,123960],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136872,136873,136874,136876],{},"So this does ",[575,136875,577],{}," update the original variable:",[37,136878,136880],{"className":39,"code":136879,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[44,136881,136882,136894,136904,136908],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136883,136884,136886,136888,136890,136892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136885,34568],{"class":53},[47,136887,58],{"class":57},[47,136889,136],{"class":125},[47,136891,136252],{"class":129},[47,136893,3230],{"class":125},[47,136895,136896,136898,136900,136902],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136897,34589],{"class":53},[47,136899,30],{"class":61},[47,136901,8518],{"class":173},[47,136903,241],{"class":61},[47,136905,136906],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136907,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,136909,136910,136912,136914,136916,136918],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136911,167],{"class":166},[47,136913,170],{"class":61},[47,136915,34589],{"class":173},[47,136917,3533],{"class":61},[47,136919,136920],{"class":1494},"  # HELLO\n",[14,136922,136923],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[37,136925,136927],{"className":39,"code":136926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[44,136928,136929,136941,136955,136959],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136930,136931,136933,136935,136937,136939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136932,34568],{"class":53},[47,136934,58],{"class":57},[47,136936,136],{"class":125},[47,136938,136252],{"class":129},[47,136940,3230],{"class":125},[47,136942,136943,136945,136947,136949,136951,136953],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136944,34568],{"class":53},[47,136946,58],{"class":57},[47,136948,42723],{"class":53},[47,136950,30],{"class":61},[47,136952,8518],{"class":173},[47,136954,241],{"class":61},[47,136956,136957],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136958,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,136960,136961,136963,136965,136967,136969],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136962,167],{"class":166},[47,136964,170],{"class":61},[47,136966,34589],{"class":173},[47,136968,3533],{"class":61},[47,136970,136264],{"class":1494},[32,136972,1284],{"id":1283},[773,136974,25564],{"id":25563},[14,136976,136977,136978,10969,136980,30],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[44,136979,8518],{},[44,136981,123960],{},[14,136983,744],{},[37,136985,136987],{"className":39,"code":136986,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[44,136988,136989,137001],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,136990,136991,136993,136995,136997,136999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136992,34568],{"class":53},[47,136994,58],{"class":57},[47,136996,136],{"class":125},[47,136998,136252],{"class":129},[47,137000,3230],{"class":125},[47,137002,137003,137005,137007,137009,137011,137013],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137004,167],{"class":166},[47,137006,170],{"class":61},[47,137008,34589],{"class":173},[47,137010,30],{"class":61},[47,137012,8518],{"class":24626},[47,137014,80],{"class":61},[14,137016,137017],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,137019,724],{},[37,137021,137023],{"className":39,"code":137022,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[44,137024,137025,137037],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137026,137027,137029,137031,137033,137035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137028,34568],{"class":53},[47,137030,58],{"class":57},[47,137032,136],{"class":125},[47,137034,136252],{"class":129},[47,137036,3230],{"class":125},[47,137038,137039,137041,137043,137045,137047,137049],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137040,167],{"class":166},[47,137042,170],{"class":61},[47,137044,34589],{"class":173},[47,137046,30],{"class":61},[47,137048,8518],{"class":173},[47,137050,7068],{"class":61},[773,137052,137054],{"id":137053},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137056,137057],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137059,744],{},[37,137061,137063],{"className":39,"code":137062,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[44,137064,137065,137077,137087],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137066,137067,137069,137071,137073,137075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137068,34568],{"class":53},[47,137070,58],{"class":57},[47,137072,136],{"class":125},[47,137074,136252],{"class":129},[47,137076,3230],{"class":125},[47,137078,137079,137081,137083,137085],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137080,34589],{"class":53},[47,137082,30],{"class":61},[47,137084,8518],{"class":173},[47,137086,241],{"class":61},[47,137088,137089,137091,137093,137095,137097],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137090,167],{"class":166},[47,137092,170],{"class":61},[47,137094,34589],{"class":173},[47,137096,3533],{"class":61},[47,137098,137099],{"class":1494},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137101,724],{},[37,137103,137105],{"className":39,"code":137104,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[44,137106,137107,137119,137133],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137108,137109,137111,137113,137115,137117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137110,34568],{"class":53},[47,137112,58],{"class":57},[47,137114,136],{"class":125},[47,137116,136252],{"class":129},[47,137118,3230],{"class":125},[47,137120,137121,137123,137125,137127,137129,137131],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137122,34568],{"class":53},[47,137124,58],{"class":57},[47,137126,42723],{"class":53},[47,137128,30],{"class":61},[47,137130,8518],{"class":173},[47,137132,241],{"class":61},[47,137134,137135,137137,137139,137141,137143],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137136,167],{"class":166},[47,137138,170],{"class":61},[47,137140,34589],{"class":173},[47,137142,3533],{"class":61},[47,137144,136264],{"class":1494},[773,137146,8294,137148,137150],{"id":137147},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[44,137149,123960],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137152,137153,137155],{},[44,137154,123960],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137157,744],{},[37,137159,137161],{"className":39,"code":137160,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[44,137162,137163,137171],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137164,137165,137167,137169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137166,2093],{"class":53},[47,137168,58],{"class":57},[47,137170,124910],{"class":65},[47,137172,137173,137175,137177,137179,137181,137183],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137174,167],{"class":166},[47,137176,170],{"class":61},[47,137178,2116],{"class":173},[47,137180,30],{"class":61},[47,137182,8518],{"class":173},[47,137184,7068],{"class":61},[14,137186,137187,137188,33480],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[44,137189,123960],{},[14,137191,137192],{},"You can check the type first:",[37,137194,137196],{"className":39,"code":137195,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[44,137197,137198,137210,137214,137228],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137199,137200,137202,137204,137206,137208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137201,34568],{"class":53},[47,137203,58],{"class":57},[47,137205,136],{"class":125},[47,137207,136252],{"class":129},[47,137209,3230],{"class":125},[47,137211,137212],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137213,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,137215,137216,137218,137220,137222,137224,137226],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137217,167],{"class":166},[47,137219,170],{"class":61},[47,137221,499],{"class":118},[47,137223,170],{"class":61},[47,137225,34589],{"class":173},[47,137227,506],{"class":61},[47,137229,137230,137232,137234,137236,137238,137240],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,137231,167],{"class":166},[47,137233,170],{"class":61},[47,137235,34589],{"class":173},[47,137237,30],{"class":61},[47,137239,8518],{"class":173},[47,137241,7068],{"class":61},[773,137243,137245],{"id":137244},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137247,137248],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[37,137250,137252],{"className":39,"code":137251,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[44,137253,137254,137267,137271,137288,137303,137309],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137255,137256,137258,137260,137262,137265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137257,136471],{"class":53},[47,137259,58],{"class":57},[47,137261,136],{"class":125},[47,137263,137264],{"class":129},"Yes",[47,137266,3230],{"class":125},[47,137268,137269],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137270,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,137272,137273,137275,137278,137280,137282,137284,137286],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137274,6871],{"class":3749},[47,137276,137277],{"class":53}," answer ",[47,137279,4563],{"class":57},[47,137281,136],{"class":125},[47,137283,8535],{"class":129},[47,137285,126],{"class":125},[47,137287,6268],{"class":61},[47,137289,137290,137292,137294,137296,137299,137301],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,137291,7944],{"class":166},[47,137293,170],{"class":61},[47,137295,126],{"class":125},[47,137297,137298],{"class":129},"Match",[47,137300,126],{"class":125},[47,137302,80],{"class":61},[47,137304,137305,137307],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,137306,27311],{"class":3749},[47,137308,6268],{"class":61},[47,137310,137311,137313,137315,137317,137320,137322],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,137312,7944],{"class":166},[47,137314,170],{"class":61},[47,137316,126],{"class":125},[47,137318,137319],{"class":129},"No match",[47,137321,126],{"class":125},[47,137323,80],{"class":61},[14,137325,28938,137326,4267,137329,137332,137333,30],{},[44,137327,137328],{},"\"Yes\"",[44,137330,137331],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[44,137334,137319],{},[14,137336,137337],{},"Better:",[37,137339,137341],{"className":39,"code":137340,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[44,137342,137343,137355,137359,137381],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137344,137345,137347,137349,137351,137353],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137346,136471],{"class":53},[47,137348,58],{"class":57},[47,137350,136],{"class":125},[47,137352,137264],{"class":129},[47,137354,3230],{"class":125},[47,137356,137357],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137358,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,137360,137361,137363,137365,137367,137369,137371,137373,137375,137377,137379],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137362,6871],{"class":3749},[47,137364,136491],{"class":53},[47,137366,30],{"class":61},[47,137368,8518],{"class":173},[47,137370,550],{"class":61},[47,137372,6283],{"class":57},[47,137374,136],{"class":125},[47,137376,8535],{"class":129},[47,137378,126],{"class":125},[47,137380,6268],{"class":61},[47,137382,137383,137385,137387,137389,137391,137393],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,137384,7944],{"class":166},[47,137386,170],{"class":61},[47,137388,126],{"class":125},[47,137390,137298],{"class":129},[47,137392,126],{"class":125},[47,137394,80],{"class":61},[773,137396,44095,137398,137401],{"id":137397},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[44,137399,137400],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137403,137404,137405,137407],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[44,137406,123960],{}," is enough.",[14,137409,137410,137411,137413,137414,30],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[44,137412,137400],{}," can be stronger than ",[44,137415,123960],{},[14,137417,137418,137419,122472],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[44,137420,123960],{},[32,137422,137424,10461,137426],{"id":137423},"lower-vs-upper",[44,137425,123960],{},[44,137427,128106],{},[14,137429,137430,4267,137432,137434],{},[44,137431,123960],{},[44,137433,128106],{}," are very similar.",[291,137436,137437,137442,137447,137450],{},[294,137438,137439,137441],{},[44,137440,123960],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[294,137443,137444,137446],{},[44,137445,128106],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[294,137448,137449],{},"Both return new strings",[294,137451,137452],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137454,2083],{},[37,137456,137458],{"className":39,"code":137457,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[44,137459,137460,137472,137476,137492],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137461,137462,137464,137466,137468,137470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137463,34568],{"class":53},[47,137465,58],{"class":57},[47,137467,136],{"class":125},[47,137469,128947],{"class":129},[47,137471,3230],{"class":125},[47,137473,137474],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137475,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,137477,137478,137480,137482,137484,137486,137488,137490],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137479,167],{"class":166},[47,137481,170],{"class":61},[47,137483,34589],{"class":173},[47,137485,30],{"class":61},[47,137487,8518],{"class":173},[47,137489,136261],{"class":61},[47,137491,136159],{"class":1494},[47,137493,137494,137496,137498,137500,137502,137504,137506],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,137495,167],{"class":166},[47,137497,170],{"class":61},[47,137499,34589],{"class":173},[47,137501,30],{"class":61},[47,137503,34358],{"class":173},[47,137505,136261],{"class":61},[47,137507,137508],{"class":1494},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137510,137511,137512,30],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[21,137513,126228,137515,10617],{"href":137514},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[44,137516,128106],{},[32,137518,1708],{"id":1707},[773,137520,12584,137522,124557],{"id":137521},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[44,137523,123960],{},[14,137525,137526],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[773,137528,12584,137530,137532],{"id":137529},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[44,137531,123960],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137534,137535,137536,30],{},"No. The method is called as ",[44,137537,137538],{},"string.lower()",[773,137540,1744,137542,1747],{"id":137541},"what-does-lower-return",[44,137543,123960],{},[14,137545,137546],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[773,137548,28206,137550,137552],{"id":137549},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[44,137551,123960],{}," on user input?",[14,137554,137555,137556,137558],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[44,137557,2833],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[773,137560,5054,137562,4267,137564,2368],{"id":137561},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[44,137563,123960],{},[44,137565,137400],{},[14,137567,137568,137570,137571,137573],{},[44,137569,123960],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[44,137572,137400],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[32,137575,1758],{"id":1757},[291,137577,137578,137582,137588,137594,137600,137604,137608,137614],{},[294,137579,137580],{},[21,137581,50860],{"href":50859},[294,137583,137584],{},[21,137585,126228,137586,10617],{"href":137514},[44,137587,128106],{},[294,137589,137590],{},[21,137591,126228,137592,10617],{"href":136798},[44,137593,41534],{},[294,137595,137596],{},[21,137597,126228,137598,10617],{"href":129809},[44,137599,124401],{},[294,137601,137602],{},[21,137603,124629],{"href":123485},[294,137605,137606],{},[21,137607,90562],{"href":89571},[294,137609,137610],{},[21,137611,3448,137612,3381],{"href":8095},[44,137613,2833],{},[294,137615,137616],{},[21,137617,137618],{"href":136199},"What is a string in Python?",[1796,137620,137621],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":137623},[137624,137626,137627,137628,137629,137630,137631,137640,137642,137654],{"id":136169,"depth":83,"text":137625},"What lower() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":136618,"depth":83,"text":136619},{"id":15473,"depth":83,"text":15474},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":137632},[137633,137634,137635,137637,137638],{"id":25563,"depth":94,"text":25564},{"id":137053,"depth":94,"text":137054},{"id":137147,"depth":94,"text":137636},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137244,"depth":94,"text":137245},{"id":137397,"depth":94,"text":137639},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137423,"depth":83,"text":137641},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":137643},[137644,137646,137648,137650,137652],{"id":137521,"depth":94,"text":137645},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137529,"depth":94,"text":137647},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137541,"depth":94,"text":137649},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137549,"depth":94,"text":137651},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137561,"depth":94,"text":137653},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136086,"description":137655},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137662,"title":137663,"body":137664,"description":139214,"extension":1837,"meta":139215,"navigation":159,"path":139216,"seo":139217,"stem":139218,"__hash__":139219},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137665,"toc":139175},[137666,137671,137676,137682,137697,137699,137759,137761,137770,137776,137781,137786,137788,137802,137806,137808,137855,137857,137875,137877,137880,137951,137953,137967,137970,137982,137991,137995,138000,138005,138009,138075,138077,138086,138090,138155,138157,138166,138169,138174,138178,138183,138187,138248,138250,138259,138263,138266,138322,138324,138333,138336,138349,138351,138355,138362,138424,138426,138439,138445,138448,138455,138460,138465,138468,138476,138478,138539,138541,138550,138553,138600,138603,138650,138652,138657,138674,138681,138686,138739,138741,138749,138751,138808,138810,138818,138822,138869,138871,138879,138887,138891,138939,138941,138950,138955,139006,139008,139017,139024,139027,139048,139050,139055,139058,139062,139065,139069,139072,139099,139105,139108,139135,139140,139142,139144,139172],[10,137667,123230,137669,11199],{"id":137668},"python-string-replace-method",[44,137670,124401],{},[14,137672,123235,137673,137675],{},[44,137674,124401],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137677,137678,137679,137681],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[44,137680,124401],{},". You will learn:",[291,137683,137684,137688,137691,137694],{},[294,137685,25896,137686,3553],{},[44,137687,124401],{},[294,137689,137690],{},"how its syntax works",[294,137692,137693],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[294,137695,137696],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[32,137698,35],{"id":34},[37,137700,137702],{"className":39,"code":137701,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[44,137703,137704,137717,137749],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137705,137706,137708,137710,137712,137715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137707,34568],{"class":53},[47,137709,58],{"class":57},[47,137711,136],{"class":125},[47,137713,137714],{"class":129},"I like cats",[47,137716,3230],{"class":125},[47,137718,137719,137721,137723,137725,137727,137729,137731,137733,137736,137738,137740,137742,137745,137747],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137720,130067],{"class":53},[47,137722,58],{"class":57},[47,137724,42723],{"class":53},[47,137726,30],{"class":61},[47,137728,34880],{"class":173},[47,137730,170],{"class":61},[47,137732,126],{"class":125},[47,137734,137735],{"class":129},"cats",[47,137737,126],{"class":125},[47,137739,69],{"class":61},[47,137741,136],{"class":125},[47,137743,137744],{"class":129},"dogs",[47,137746,126],{"class":125},[47,137748,80],{"class":61},[47,137750,137751,137753,137755,137757],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137752,167],{"class":166},[47,137754,170],{"class":61},[47,137756,130098],{"class":173},[47,137758,80],{"class":61},[14,137760,215],{},[37,137762,137764],{"className":39,"code":137763,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"I like dogs\n",[44,137765,137766],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137767,137768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137769,137763],{"class":53},[14,137771,1967,137772,137775],{},[44,137773,137774],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[32,137777,3550,137779,3553],{"id":137778},"what-replace-does",[44,137780,124401],{},[14,137782,137783,137785],{},[44,137784,124401],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137787,12932],{},[291,137789,137790,137792,137794,137797],{},[294,137791,133476],{},[294,137793,136194],{},[294,137795,137796],{},"It works on exact matches",[294,137798,137799,137800],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[44,137801,41141],{},[14,137803,124980,137804,30],{},[21,137805,124983],{"href":50859},[32,137807,5305],{"id":5304},[37,137809,137811],{"className":39,"code":137810,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[44,137812,137813,137833],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137814,137815,137817,137819,137821,137823,137826,137828,137831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137816,61055],{"class":53},[47,137818,30],{"class":61},[47,137820,34880],{"class":173},[47,137822,170],{"class":61},[47,137824,137825],{"class":173},"old",[47,137827,69],{"class":61},[47,137829,137830],{"class":173}," new",[47,137832,80],{"class":61},[47,137834,137835,137837,137839,137841,137843,137845,137847,137849,137851,137853],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137836,61055],{"class":53},[47,137838,30],{"class":61},[47,137840,34880],{"class":173},[47,137842,170],{"class":61},[47,137844,137825],{"class":173},[47,137846,69],{"class":61},[47,137848,137830],{"class":173},[47,137850,69],{"class":61},[47,137852,49485],{"class":173},[47,137854,80],{"class":61},[773,137856,17272],{"id":17271},[291,137858,137859,137864,137870],{},[294,137860,137861,137863],{},[44,137862,137825],{}," = the text to find",[294,137865,137866,137869],{},[44,137867,137868],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[294,137871,137872,137874],{},[44,137873,41141],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[32,137876,5661],{"id":5660},[14,137878,137879],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[37,137881,137883],{"className":39,"code":137882,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[44,137884,137885,137897,137927,137931,137941],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137886,137887,137889,137891,137893,137895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137888,34568],{"class":53},[47,137890,58],{"class":57},[47,137892,136],{"class":125},[47,137894,137714],{"class":129},[47,137896,3230],{"class":125},[47,137898,137899,137901,137903,137905,137907,137909,137911,137913,137915,137917,137919,137921,137923,137925],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137900,130067],{"class":53},[47,137902,58],{"class":57},[47,137904,42723],{"class":53},[47,137906,30],{"class":61},[47,137908,34880],{"class":173},[47,137910,170],{"class":61},[47,137912,126],{"class":125},[47,137914,137735],{"class":129},[47,137916,126],{"class":125},[47,137918,69],{"class":61},[47,137920,136],{"class":125},[47,137922,137744],{"class":129},[47,137924,126],{"class":125},[47,137926,80],{"class":61},[47,137928,137929],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137930,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,137932,137933,137935,137937,137939],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,137934,167],{"class":166},[47,137936,170],{"class":61},[47,137938,34589],{"class":173},[47,137940,80],{"class":61},[47,137942,137943,137945,137947,137949],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,137944,167],{"class":166},[47,137946,170],{"class":61},[47,137948,130098],{"class":173},[47,137950,80],{"class":61},[14,137952,215],{},[37,137954,137956],{"className":39,"code":137955,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[44,137957,137958,137963],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,137959,137960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137961,137962],{"class":53},"I like cats\n",[47,137964,137965],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137966,137763],{"class":53},[14,137968,137969],{},"Notice what happened:",[291,137971,137972,137977],{},[294,137973,137974,137976],{},[44,137975,34589],{}," did not change",[294,137978,137979,137981],{},[44,137980,130098],{}," contains the updated value",[14,137983,137984,137985,137987,137988,137990],{},"This happens because strings are ",[575,137986,136863],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[44,137989,124401],{}," return a new string instead.",[32,137992,137994],{"id":137993},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,137996,89580,137997,137999],{},[44,137998,124401],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,138001,138002,138003,36503],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[44,138004,41141],{},[773,138006,138008],{"id":138007},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[37,138010,138012],{"className":39,"code":138011,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,138013,138014,138027,138061,138065],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138015,138016,138018,138020,138022,138025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138017,34568],{"class":53},[47,138019,58],{"class":57},[47,138021,136],{"class":125},[47,138023,138024],{"class":129},"cat cat cat",[47,138026,3230],{"class":125},[47,138028,138029,138031,138033,138035,138037,138039,138041,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138030,2106],{"class":53},[47,138032,58],{"class":57},[47,138034,42723],{"class":53},[47,138036,30],{"class":61},[47,138038,34880],{"class":173},[47,138040,170],{"class":61},[47,138042,126],{"class":125},[47,138044,36929],{"class":129},[47,138046,126],{"class":125},[47,138048,69],{"class":61},[47,138050,136],{"class":125},[47,138052,58010],{"class":129},[47,138054,126],{"class":125},[47,138056,69],{"class":61},[47,138058,1242],{"class":65},[47,138060,80],{"class":61},[47,138062,138063],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138064,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,138066,138067,138069,138071,138073],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,138068,167],{"class":166},[47,138070,170],{"class":61},[47,138072,2141],{"class":173},[47,138074,80],{"class":61},[14,138076,215],{},[37,138078,138080],{"className":39,"code":138079,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dog cat cat\n",[44,138081,138082],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138083,138084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138085,138079],{"class":53},[773,138087,138089],{"id":138088},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[37,138091,138093],{"className":39,"code":138092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,138094,138095,138107,138141,138145],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138096,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138098,34568],{"class":53},[47,138100,58],{"class":57},[47,138102,136],{"class":125},[47,138104,138024],{"class":129},[47,138106,3230],{"class":125},[47,138108,138109,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119,138121,138123,138125,138127,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138110,2106],{"class":53},[47,138112,58],{"class":57},[47,138114,42723],{"class":53},[47,138116,30],{"class":61},[47,138118,34880],{"class":173},[47,138120,170],{"class":61},[47,138122,126],{"class":125},[47,138124,36929],{"class":129},[47,138126,126],{"class":125},[47,138128,69],{"class":61},[47,138130,136],{"class":125},[47,138132,58010],{"class":129},[47,138134,126],{"class":125},[47,138136,69],{"class":61},[47,138138,72],{"class":65},[47,138140,80],{"class":61},[47,138142,138143],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138144,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,138146,138147,138149,138151,138153],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,138148,167],{"class":166},[47,138150,170],{"class":61},[47,138152,2141],{"class":173},[47,138154,80],{"class":61},[14,138156,215],{},[37,138158,138160],{"className":39,"code":138159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dog dog cat\n",[44,138161,138162],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138163,138164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138165,138159],{"class":53},[14,138167,138168],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138170,138171,138172,30],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[21,138173,127952],{"href":124398},[32,138175,138177],{"id":138176},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138179,138180,138182],{},[44,138181,124401],{}," can also change single characters.",[773,138184,138186],{"id":138185},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[37,138188,138190],{"className":39,"code":138189,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,138191,138192,138204,138234,138238],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138193,138194,138196,138198,138200,138202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138195,34568],{"class":53},[47,138197,58],{"class":57},[47,138199,136],{"class":125},[47,138201,3960],{"class":129},[47,138203,3230],{"class":125},[47,138205,138206,138208,138210,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222,138224,138226,138228,138230,138232],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138207,2106],{"class":53},[47,138209,58],{"class":57},[47,138211,42723],{"class":53},[47,138213,30],{"class":61},[47,138215,34880],{"class":173},[47,138217,170],{"class":61},[47,138219,126],{"class":125},[47,138221,21],{"class":129},[47,138223,126],{"class":125},[47,138225,69],{"class":61},[47,138227,136],{"class":125},[47,138229,60354],{"class":129},[47,138231,126],{"class":125},[47,138233,80],{"class":61},[47,138235,138236],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138237,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,138239,138240,138242,138244,138246],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,138241,167],{"class":166},[47,138243,170],{"class":61},[47,138245,2141],{"class":173},[47,138247,80],{"class":61},[14,138249,215],{},[37,138251,138253],{"className":39,"code":138252,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"bonono\n",[44,138254,138255],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138256,138257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138258,138252],{"class":53},[773,138260,138262],{"id":138261},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138264,138265],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[37,138267,138269],{"className":39,"code":138268,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,138270,138271,138284,138308,138312],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138272,138273,138275,138277,138279,138282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138274,34568],{"class":53},[47,138276,58],{"class":57},[47,138278,136],{"class":125},[47,138280,138281],{"class":129},"a b c",[47,138283,3230],{"class":125},[47,138285,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138287,2106],{"class":53},[47,138289,58],{"class":57},[47,138291,42723],{"class":53},[47,138293,30],{"class":61},[47,138295,34880],{"class":173},[47,138297,170],{"class":61},[47,138299,126],{"class":125},[47,138301,136],{"class":125},[47,138303,69],{"class":61},[47,138305,6001],{"class":125},[47,138307,80],{"class":61},[47,138309,138310],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138311,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,138313,138314,138316,138318,138320],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,138315,167],{"class":166},[47,138317,170],{"class":61},[47,138319,2141],{"class":173},[47,138321,80],{"class":61},[14,138323,215],{},[37,138325,138327],{"className":39,"code":138326,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"abc\n",[44,138328,138329],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138330,138331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138332,138326],{"class":53},[14,138334,138335],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138337,138338,138339,138343,138344,138348],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[21,138340,126228,138341,10617],{"href":128915},[44,138342,60412],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[21,138345,126228,138346,10617],{"href":136798},[44,138347,41534],{}," is often a better choice.",[32,138350,123877],{"id":123876},[14,138352,138353,123688],{},[44,138354,124401],{},[14,138356,127273,138357,4267,138359,127280],{},[44,138358,112914],{},[44,138360,138361],{},"\"Cat\"",[37,138363,138365],{"className":39,"code":138364,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,138366,138367,138380,138410,138414],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138368,138369,138371,138373,138375,138378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138370,34568],{"class":53},[47,138372,58],{"class":57},[47,138374,136],{"class":125},[47,138376,138377],{"class":129},"Cat cat CAT",[47,138379,3230],{"class":125},[47,138381,138382,138384,138386,138388,138390,138392,138394,138396,138398,138400,138402,138404,138406,138408],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138383,2106],{"class":53},[47,138385,58],{"class":57},[47,138387,42723],{"class":53},[47,138389,30],{"class":61},[47,138391,34880],{"class":173},[47,138393,170],{"class":61},[47,138395,126],{"class":125},[47,138397,36929],{"class":129},[47,138399,126],{"class":125},[47,138401,69],{"class":61},[47,138403,136],{"class":125},[47,138405,58010],{"class":129},[47,138407,126],{"class":125},[47,138409,80],{"class":61},[47,138411,138412],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138413,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,138415,138416,138418,138420,138422],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,138417,167],{"class":166},[47,138419,170],{"class":61},[47,138421,2141],{"class":173},[47,138423,80],{"class":61},[14,138425,215],{},[37,138427,138429],{"className":39,"code":138428,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Cat dog CAT\n",[44,138430,138431],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138432,138433,138436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138434,138435],{"class":53},"Cat dog ",[47,138437,138438],{"class":34333},"CAT\n",[14,138440,138441,138442,138444],{},"Only the lowercase ",[44,138443,112914],{}," was replaced.",[14,138446,138447],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138449,138450,138451,30],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[21,138452,126228,138453,10617],{"href":123957},[44,138454,123960],{},[32,138456,3550,138458,11584],{"id":138457},"what-replace-returns",[44,138459,124401],{},[14,138461,138462,138464],{},[44,138463,124401],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138466,138467],{},"If no match is found:",[291,138469,138470,138473],{},[294,138471,138472],{},"no error happens",[294,138474,138475],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138477,2083],{},[37,138479,138481],{"className":39,"code":138480,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,138482,138483,138495,138525,138529],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138484,138485,138487,138489,138491,138493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138486,34568],{"class":53},[47,138488,58],{"class":57},[47,138490,136],{"class":125},[47,138492,3718],{"class":129},[47,138494,3230],{"class":125},[47,138496,138497,138499,138501,138503,138505,138507,138509,138511,138513,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138498,2106],{"class":53},[47,138500,58],{"class":57},[47,138502,42723],{"class":53},[47,138504,30],{"class":61},[47,138506,34880],{"class":173},[47,138508,170],{"class":61},[47,138510,126],{"class":125},[47,138512,2049],{"class":129},[47,138514,126],{"class":125},[47,138516,69],{"class":61},[47,138518,136],{"class":125},[47,138520,11624],{"class":129},[47,138522,126],{"class":125},[47,138524,80],{"class":61},[47,138526,138527],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138528,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,138530,138531,138533,138535,138537],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,138532,167],{"class":166},[47,138534,170],{"class":61},[47,138536,2141],{"class":173},[47,138538,80],{"class":61},[14,138540,215],{},[37,138542,138544],{"className":39,"code":138543,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"hello\n",[44,138545,138546],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138547,138548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138549,138543],{"class":53},[14,138551,138552],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[37,138554,138556],{"className":39,"code":138555,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[44,138557,138558,138570],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138559,138560,138562,138564,138566,138568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138561,34568],{"class":53},[47,138563,58],{"class":57},[47,138565,136],{"class":125},[47,138567,60287],{"class":129},[47,138569,3230],{"class":125},[47,138571,138572,138574,138576,138578,138580,138582,138584,138586,138588,138590,138592,138594,138596,138598],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138573,130067],{"class":53},[47,138575,58],{"class":57},[47,138577,42723],{"class":53},[47,138579,30],{"class":61},[47,138581,34880],{"class":173},[47,138583,170],{"class":61},[47,138585,126],{"class":125},[47,138587,60472],{"class":129},[47,138589,126],{"class":125},[47,138591,69],{"class":61},[47,138593,136],{"class":125},[47,138595,7171],{"class":129},[47,138597,126],{"class":125},[47,138599,80],{"class":61},[14,138601,138602],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[37,138604,138606],{"className":39,"code":138605,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[44,138607,138608,138620],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138609,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138611,34568],{"class":53},[47,138613,58],{"class":57},[47,138615,136],{"class":125},[47,138617,60287],{"class":129},[47,138619,3230],{"class":125},[47,138621,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138623,34568],{"class":53},[47,138625,58],{"class":57},[47,138627,42723],{"class":53},[47,138629,30],{"class":61},[47,138631,34880],{"class":173},[47,138633,170],{"class":61},[47,138635,126],{"class":125},[47,138637,60472],{"class":129},[47,138639,126],{"class":125},[47,138641,69],{"class":61},[47,138643,136],{"class":125},[47,138645,7171],{"class":129},[47,138647,126],{"class":125},[47,138649,80],{"class":61},[32,138651,4393],{"id":4392},[14,138653,138654,138655,2760],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[44,138656,124401],{},[291,138658,138659,138662,138666,138669],{},[294,138660,138661],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[294,138663,8330,138664,131448],{},[44,138665,124401],{},[294,138667,138668],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[294,138670,1502,138671,138673],{},[44,138672,124401],{}," with regex-based replacements",[773,138675,138677,138678,138680],{"id":138676},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[44,138679,124401],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138682,138683,138684,2760],{},"This does not update ",[44,138685,34589],{},[37,138687,138689],{"className":39,"code":138688,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[44,138690,138691,138703,138729],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138692,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138694,34568],{"class":53},[47,138696,58],{"class":57},[47,138698,136],{"class":125},[47,138700,137714],{"class":129},[47,138702,3230],{"class":125},[47,138704,138705,138707,138709,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138706,34589],{"class":53},[47,138708,30],{"class":61},[47,138710,34880],{"class":173},[47,138712,170],{"class":61},[47,138714,126],{"class":125},[47,138716,137735],{"class":129},[47,138718,126],{"class":125},[47,138720,69],{"class":61},[47,138722,136],{"class":125},[47,138724,137744],{"class":129},[47,138726,126],{"class":125},[47,138728,80],{"class":61},[47,138730,138731,138733,138735,138737],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138732,167],{"class":166},[47,138734,170],{"class":61},[47,138736,34589],{"class":173},[47,138738,80],{"class":61},[14,138740,215],{},[37,138742,138743],{"className":39,"code":137962,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,138744,138745],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138746,138747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138748,137962],{"class":53},[14,138750,10684],{},[37,138752,138754],{"className":39,"code":138753,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[44,138755,138756,138768,138798],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138757,138758,138760,138762,138764,138766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138759,34568],{"class":53},[47,138761,58],{"class":57},[47,138763,136],{"class":125},[47,138765,137714],{"class":129},[47,138767,3230],{"class":125},[47,138769,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782,138784,138786,138788,138790,138792,138794,138796],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138771,34568],{"class":53},[47,138773,58],{"class":57},[47,138775,42723],{"class":53},[47,138777,30],{"class":61},[47,138779,34880],{"class":173},[47,138781,170],{"class":61},[47,138783,126],{"class":125},[47,138785,137735],{"class":129},[47,138787,126],{"class":125},[47,138789,69],{"class":61},[47,138791,136],{"class":125},[47,138793,137744],{"class":129},[47,138795,126],{"class":125},[47,138797,80],{"class":61},[47,138799,138800,138802,138804,138806],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138801,167],{"class":166},[47,138803,170],{"class":61},[47,138805,34589],{"class":173},[47,138807,80],{"class":61},[14,138809,215],{},[37,138811,138812],{"className":39,"code":137763,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,138813,138814],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138815,138816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138817,137763],{"class":53},[773,138819,138821],{"id":138820},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[37,138823,138825],{"className":39,"code":138824,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[44,138826,138827,138839],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138828,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138830,34568],{"class":53},[47,138832,58],{"class":57},[47,138834,136],{"class":125},[47,138836,34748],{"class":129},[47,138838,3230],{"class":125},[47,138840,138841,138843,138845,138847,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857,138859,138861,138863,138865,138867],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138842,167],{"class":166},[47,138844,170],{"class":61},[47,138846,34589],{"class":173},[47,138848,30],{"class":61},[47,138850,34880],{"class":173},[47,138852,170],{"class":61},[47,138854,126],{"class":125},[47,138856,3718],{"class":129},[47,138858,126],{"class":125},[47,138860,69],{"class":61},[47,138862,136],{"class":125},[47,138864,89815],{"class":129},[47,138866,126],{"class":125},[47,138868,506],{"class":61},[14,138870,215],{},[37,138872,138873],{"className":39,"code":88828,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,138874,138875],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138876,138877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138878,88828],{"class":53},[14,138880,138881,138882,4267,138884,138886],{},"Nothing changed because ",[44,138883,64414],{},[44,138885,90297],{}," are not the same.",[773,138888,138890],{"id":138889},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[37,138892,138894],{"className":39,"code":138893,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[44,138895,138896,138909],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138897,138898,138900,138902,138904,138907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138899,34568],{"class":53},[47,138901,58],{"class":57},[47,138903,136],{"class":125},[47,138905,138906],{"class":129},"red red red",[47,138908,3230],{"class":125},[47,138910,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929,138931,138933,138935,138937],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138912,167],{"class":166},[47,138914,170],{"class":61},[47,138916,34589],{"class":173},[47,138918,30],{"class":61},[47,138920,34880],{"class":173},[47,138922,170],{"class":61},[47,138924,126],{"class":125},[47,138926,832],{"class":129},[47,138928,126],{"class":125},[47,138930,69],{"class":61},[47,138932,136],{"class":125},[47,138934,850],{"class":129},[47,138936,126],{"class":125},[47,138938,506],{"class":61},[14,138940,215],{},[37,138942,138944],{"className":39,"code":138943,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"blue blue blue\n",[44,138945,138946],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138947,138948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138949,138943],{"class":53},[14,138951,138952,138953,2760],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[44,138954,41141],{},[37,138956,138958],{"className":39,"code":138957,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[44,138959,138960,138972],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,138961,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138963,34568],{"class":53},[47,138965,58],{"class":57},[47,138967,136],{"class":125},[47,138969,138906],{"class":129},[47,138971,3230],{"class":125},[47,138973,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138975,167],{"class":166},[47,138977,170],{"class":61},[47,138979,34589],{"class":173},[47,138981,30],{"class":61},[47,138983,34880],{"class":173},[47,138985,170],{"class":61},[47,138987,126],{"class":125},[47,138989,832],{"class":129},[47,138991,126],{"class":125},[47,138993,69],{"class":61},[47,138995,136],{"class":125},[47,138997,850],{"class":129},[47,138999,126],{"class":125},[47,139001,69],{"class":61},[47,139003,1242],{"class":65},[47,139005,506],{"class":61},[14,139007,215],{},[37,139009,139011],{"className":39,"code":139010,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"blue red red\n",[44,139012,139013],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139014,139015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139016,139010],{"class":53},[773,139018,139020,139021,139023],{"id":139019},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[44,139022,124401],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139025,139026],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[291,139028,139029,139036,139043],{},[294,139030,1967,139031,139035],{},[21,139032,139033],{"href":128915},[44,139034,60412],{}," to break a string into a list",[294,139037,1967,139038,139042],{},[21,139039,139040],{"href":136798},[44,139041,41534],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[294,139044,1967,139045,139047],{},[44,139046,124401],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[32,139049,1708],{"id":1707},[773,139051,12584,139053,124557],{"id":139052},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[44,139054,124401],{},[14,139056,139057],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[773,139059,139061],{"id":139060},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139063,139064],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[773,139066,139068],{"id":139067},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139070,139071],{},"Use the third argument:",[37,139073,139075],{"className":39,"code":139074,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[44,139076,139077],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139078,139079,139081,139083,139085,139087,139089,139091,139093,139095,139097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139080,34589],{"class":53},[47,139082,30],{"class":61},[47,139084,34880],{"class":173},[47,139086,170],{"class":61},[47,139088,137825],{"class":173},[47,139090,69],{"class":61},[47,139092,137830],{"class":173},[47,139094,69],{"class":61},[47,139096,1242],{"class":65},[47,139098,80],{"class":61},[773,139100,5044,139102,139104],{"id":139101},"can-replace-remove-text",[44,139103,124401],{}," remove text?",[14,139106,139107],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[37,139109,139111],{"className":39,"code":139110,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[44,139112,139113],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139114,139115,139117,139119,139121,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139116,34589],{"class":53},[47,139118,30],{"class":61},[47,139120,34880],{"class":173},[47,139122,170],{"class":61},[47,139124,126],{"class":125},[47,139126,2049],{"class":129},[47,139128,126],{"class":125},[47,139130,69],{"class":61},[47,139132,6001],{"class":125},[47,139134,80],{"class":61},[773,139136,14782,139138,124566],{"id":139137},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[44,139139,124401],{},[14,139141,129757],{},[32,139143,1758],{"id":1757},[291,139145,139146,139150,139156,139162,139168],{},[294,139147,139148],{},[21,139149,124636],{"href":124398},[294,139151,139152],{},[21,139153,126228,139154,10617],{"href":128915},[44,139155,60412],{},[294,139157,139158],{},[21,139159,126228,139160,10617],{"href":136798},[44,139161,41534],{},[294,139163,139164],{},[21,139165,126228,139166,10617],{"href":123957},[44,139167,123960],{},[294,139169,139170],{},[21,139171,124983],{"href":50859},[1796,139173,139174],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":139176},[139177,139178,139180,139183,139184,139188,139192,139193,139195,139203,139213],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":137778,"depth":83,"text":139179},"What replace() does",{"id":5304,"depth":83,"text":5305,"children":139181},[139182],{"id":17271,"depth":94,"text":17272},{"id":5660,"depth":83,"text":5661},{"id":137993,"depth":83,"text":137994,"children":139185},[139186,139187],{"id":138007,"depth":94,"text":138008},{"id":138088,"depth":94,"text":138089},{"id":138176,"depth":83,"text":138177,"children":139189},[139190,139191],{"id":138185,"depth":94,"text":138186},{"id":138261,"depth":94,"text":138262},{"id":123876,"depth":83,"text":123877},{"id":138457,"depth":83,"text":139194},"What replace() returns",{"id":4392,"depth":83,"text":4393,"children":139196},[139197,139199,139200,139201],{"id":138676,"depth":94,"text":139198},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138820,"depth":94,"text":138821},{"id":138889,"depth":94,"text":138890},{"id":139019,"depth":94,"text":139202},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":139204},[139205,139207,139208,139209,139211],{"id":139052,"depth":94,"text":139206},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139060,"depth":94,"text":139061},{"id":139067,"depth":94,"text":139068},{"id":139101,"depth":94,"text":139210},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139137,"depth":94,"text":139212},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137663,"description":139214},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139221,"title":139222,"body":139223,"description":141242,"extension":1837,"meta":141243,"navigation":159,"path":141244,"seo":141245,"stem":141246,"__hash__":141247},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139224,"toc":141206},[139225,139230,139235,139238,139249,139251,139306,139311,139316,139323,139325,139340,139342,139398,139400,139438,139443,139445,139469,139472,139485,139490,139492,139524,139526,139559,139565,139570,139573,139583,139586,139588,139644,139646,139696,139699,139707,139710,139766,139768,139841,139854,139862,139866,139877,139880,139883,139936,139938,139970,139973,140027,140029,140064,140067,140072,140077,140082,140085,140087,140145,140147,140181,140183,140198,140201,140203,140245,140247,140273,140278,140286,140289,140291,140373,140375,140426,140429,140440,140448,140450,140523,140525,140543,140547,140550,140554,140581,140583,140591,140595,140630,140632,140645,140649,140652,140691,140693,140710,140715,140720,140731,140734,140745,140747,140749,140775,140778,140827,140829,140846,140849,140851,140903,140905,140937,140940,140998,141003,141005,141010,141113,141115,141129,141131,141138,141143,141148,141153,141158,141163,141166,141170,141175,141177,141203],[10,139226,123230,139228,11199],{"id":139227},"python-string-split-method",[44,139229,60412],{},[14,139231,123235,139232,139234],{},[44,139233,60412],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139236,139237],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[291,139239,139240,139243,139246],{},[294,139241,139242],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[294,139244,139245],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[294,139247,139248],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[32,139250,35],{"id":34},[37,139252,139254],{"className":39,"code":139253,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[44,139255,139256,139269,139291,139301],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139257,139258,139260,139262,139264,139267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139259,34568],{"class":53},[47,139261,58],{"class":57},[47,139263,136],{"class":125},[47,139265,139266],{"class":129},"apple,banana,cherry",[47,139268,3230],{"class":125},[47,139270,139271,139273,139275,139277,139279,139281,139283,139285,139287,139289],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139272,42718],{"class":53},[47,139274,58],{"class":57},[47,139276,42723],{"class":53},[47,139278,30],{"class":61},[47,139280,34349],{"class":173},[47,139282,170],{"class":61},[47,139284,126],{"class":125},[47,139286,69],{"class":129},[47,139288,126],{"class":125},[47,139290,80],{"class":61},[47,139292,139293,139295,139297,139299],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,139294,167],{"class":166},[47,139296,170],{"class":61},[47,139298,42750],{"class":173},[47,139300,80],{"class":61},[47,139302,139303],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,139304,139305],{"class":1494},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139307,1967,139308,139310],{},[44,139309,60412],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[32,139312,3550,139314,3553],{"id":139313},"what-split-does",[44,139315,60412],{},[14,139317,139318,132276,139320,30],{},[44,139319,60412],{},[575,139321,139322],{},"string method",[14,139324,48811],{},[291,139326,139327,139330,139335],{},[294,139328,139329],{},"divides a string into parts",[294,139331,119532,139332],{},[575,139333,139334],{},"new list of strings",[294,139336,119538,139337,139339],{},[575,139338,577],{}," change the original string",[14,139341,2083],{},[37,139343,139345],{"className":39,"code":139344,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[44,139346,139347,139360,139374,139378,139388],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139348,139349,139351,139353,139355,139358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139350,34568],{"class":53},[47,139352,58],{"class":57},[47,139354,136],{"class":125},[47,139356,139357],{"class":129},"red blue green",[47,139359,3230],{"class":125},[47,139361,139362,139364,139366,139368,139370,139372],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139363,42718],{"class":53},[47,139365,58],{"class":57},[47,139367,42723],{"class":53},[47,139369,30],{"class":61},[47,139371,34349],{"class":173},[47,139373,241],{"class":61},[47,139375,139376],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,139377,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,139379,139380,139382,139384,139386],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,139381,167],{"class":166},[47,139383,170],{"class":61},[47,139385,34589],{"class":173},[47,139387,80],{"class":61},[47,139389,139390,139392,139394,139396],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,139391,167],{"class":166},[47,139393,170],{"class":61},[47,139395,42750],{"class":173},[47,139397,80],{"class":61},[14,139399,215],{},[37,139401,139403],{"className":39,"code":139402,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[44,139404,139405,139410],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139406,139407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139408,139409],{"class":53},"red blue green\n",[47,139411,139412,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422,139424,139426,139428,139430,139432,139434,139436],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139413,3773],{"class":61},[47,139415,256],{"class":125},[47,139417,832],{"class":129},[47,139419,256],{"class":125},[47,139421,69],{"class":61},[47,139423,265],{"class":125},[47,139425,850],{"class":129},[47,139427,256],{"class":125},[47,139429,69],{"class":61},[47,139431,265],{"class":125},[47,139433,841],{"class":129},[47,139435,256],{"class":125},[47,139437,1402],{"class":61},[14,139439,139440,139441,30],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[21,139442,124983],{"href":50859},[32,139444,2032],{"id":2031},[37,139446,139448],{"className":39,"code":139447,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[44,139449,139450],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139451,139452,139454,139456,139458,139460,139462,139464,139467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139453,61055],{"class":53},[47,139455,30],{"class":61},[47,139457,34349],{"class":173},[47,139459,170],{"class":61},[47,139461,133632],{"class":173},[47,139463,69],{"class":61},[47,139465,139466],{"class":173}," maxsplit",[47,139468,80],{"class":61},[14,139470,139471],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[291,139473,139474,139479],{},[294,139475,139476,139478],{},[44,139477,133632],{}," tells Python where to split",[294,139480,139481,139484],{},[44,139482,139483],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139486,8753,139487,139489],{},[44,139488,133632],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139491,2083],{},[37,139493,139495],{"className":39,"code":139494,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[44,139496,139497,139510],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139498,139499,139501,139503,139505,139508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139500,34568],{"class":53},[47,139502,58],{"class":57},[47,139504,136],{"class":125},[47,139506,139507],{"class":129},"one two three",[47,139509,3230],{"class":125},[47,139511,139512,139514,139516,139518,139520,139522],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139513,167],{"class":166},[47,139515,170],{"class":61},[47,139517,34589],{"class":173},[47,139519,30],{"class":61},[47,139521,34349],{"class":173},[47,139523,7068],{"class":61},[14,139525,215],{},[37,139527,139529],{"className":39,"code":139528,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[44,139530,139531],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139532,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549,139551,139553,139555,139557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139534,3773],{"class":61},[47,139536,256],{"class":125},[47,139538,6458],{"class":129},[47,139540,256],{"class":125},[47,139542,69],{"class":61},[47,139544,265],{"class":125},[47,139546,79150],{"class":129},[47,139548,256],{"class":125},[47,139550,69],{"class":61},[47,139552,265],{"class":125},[47,139554,134114],{"class":129},[47,139556,256],{"class":125},[47,139558,1402],{"class":61},[32,139560,8294,139562,139564],{"id":139561},"using-split-with-no-separator",[44,139563,60412],{}," with no separator",[14,139566,70053,139567,139569],{},[44,139568,60412],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139571,139572],{},"Whitespace includes:",[291,139574,139575,139577,139580],{},[294,139576,10327],{},[294,139578,139579],{},"tabs",[294,139581,139582],{},"new lines",[14,139584,139585],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139587,2083],{},[37,139589,139591],{"className":39,"code":139590,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[44,139592,139593,139616,139630,139634],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139594,139595,139597,139599,139601,139604,139607,139609,139611,139614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139596,34568],{"class":53},[47,139598,58],{"class":57},[47,139600,136],{"class":125},[47,139602,139603],{"class":129},"Python   is",[47,139605,139606],{"class":34333},"\\t",[47,139608,133368],{"class":129},[47,139610,87032],{"class":34333},[47,139612,139613],{"class":129},"and useful",[47,139615,3230],{"class":125},[47,139617,139618,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139619,42718],{"class":53},[47,139621,58],{"class":57},[47,139623,42723],{"class":53},[47,139625,30],{"class":61},[47,139627,34349],{"class":173},[47,139629,241],{"class":61},[47,139631,139632],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,139633,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,139635,139636,139638,139640,139642],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,139637,167],{"class":166},[47,139639,170],{"class":61},[47,139641,42750],{"class":173},[47,139643,80],{"class":61},[14,139645,215],{},[37,139647,139649],{"className":39,"code":139648,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[44,139650,139651],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139652,139653,139655,139657,139659,139661,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689,139692,139694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139654,3773],{"class":61},[47,139656,256],{"class":125},[47,139658,7171],{"class":129},[47,139660,256],{"class":125},[47,139662,69],{"class":61},[47,139664,265],{"class":125},[47,139666,12073],{"class":129},[47,139668,256],{"class":125},[47,139670,69],{"class":61},[47,139672,265],{"class":125},[47,139674,133368],{"class":129},[47,139676,256],{"class":125},[47,139678,69],{"class":61},[47,139680,265],{"class":125},[47,139682,129993],{"class":129},[47,139684,256],{"class":125},[47,139686,69],{"class":61},[47,139688,265],{"class":125},[47,139690,139691],{"class":129},"useful",[47,139693,256],{"class":125},[47,139695,1402],{"class":61},[14,139697,139698],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[773,139700,139702,10461,139704],{"id":139701},"split-vs-split",[44,139703,60412],{},[44,139705,139706],{},"split(' ')",[14,139708,139709],{},"These are not the same.",[37,139711,139713],{"className":39,"code":139712,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[44,139714,139715,139728,139732,139746],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139716,139717,139719,139721,139723,139726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139718,34568],{"class":53},[47,139720,58],{"class":57},[47,139722,136],{"class":125},[47,139724,139725],{"class":129},"a  b   c",[47,139727,3230],{"class":125},[47,139729,139730],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139731,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,139733,139734,139736,139738,139740,139742,139744],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,139735,167],{"class":166},[47,139737,170],{"class":61},[47,139739,34589],{"class":173},[47,139741,30],{"class":61},[47,139743,34349],{"class":173},[47,139745,7068],{"class":61},[47,139747,139748,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,139749,167],{"class":166},[47,139751,170],{"class":61},[47,139753,34589],{"class":173},[47,139755,30],{"class":61},[47,139757,34349],{"class":173},[47,139759,170],{"class":61},[47,139761,126],{"class":125},[47,139763,136],{"class":125},[47,139765,506],{"class":61},[14,139767,215],{},[37,139769,139771],{"className":39,"code":139770,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[44,139772,139773,139801],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139774,139775,139777,139779,139781,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139776,3773],{"class":61},[47,139778,256],{"class":125},[47,139780,21],{"class":129},[47,139782,256],{"class":125},[47,139784,69],{"class":61},[47,139786,265],{"class":125},[47,139788,139],{"class":129},[47,139790,256],{"class":125},[47,139792,69],{"class":61},[47,139794,265],{"class":125},[47,139796,148],{"class":129},[47,139798,256],{"class":125},[47,139800,1402],{"class":61},[47,139802,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811,139813,139815,139817,139819,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139804,3773],{"class":61},[47,139806,256],{"class":125},[47,139808,21],{"class":129},[47,139810,256],{"class":125},[47,139812,69],{"class":61},[47,139814,3711],{"class":125},[47,139816,69],{"class":61},[47,139818,265],{"class":125},[47,139820,139],{"class":129},[47,139822,256],{"class":125},[47,139824,69],{"class":61},[47,139826,3711],{"class":125},[47,139828,69],{"class":61},[47,139830,3711],{"class":125},[47,139832,69],{"class":61},[47,139834,265],{"class":125},[47,139836,148],{"class":129},[47,139838,256],{"class":125},[47,139840,1402],{"class":61},[291,139842,139843,139848],{},[294,139844,139845,139847],{},[44,139846,60412],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[294,139849,139850,139853],{},[44,139851,139852],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139855,139856,139857,139861],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[21,139858,126228,139859,10617],{"href":136798},[44,139860,41534],{}," is often useful.",[32,139863,139865],{"id":139864},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139867,139868,139869,2064,139872,2068,139874,30],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[44,139870,139871],{},"\",\"",[44,139873,133467],{},[44,139875,139876],{},"\"::\"",[14,139878,139879],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139881,139882],{},"Example with commas:",[37,139884,139886],{"className":39,"code":139885,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[44,139887,139888,139900,139922,139926],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139889,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139891,34568],{"class":53},[47,139893,58],{"class":57},[47,139895,136],{"class":125},[47,139897,139266],{"class":129},[47,139899,3230],{"class":125},[47,139901,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139903,42718],{"class":53},[47,139905,58],{"class":57},[47,139907,42723],{"class":53},[47,139909,30],{"class":61},[47,139911,34349],{"class":173},[47,139913,170],{"class":61},[47,139915,126],{"class":125},[47,139917,69],{"class":129},[47,139919,126],{"class":125},[47,139921,80],{"class":61},[47,139923,139924],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,139925,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,139927,139928,139930,139932,139934],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,139929,167],{"class":166},[47,139931,170],{"class":61},[47,139933,42750],{"class":173},[47,139935,80],{"class":61},[14,139937,215],{},[37,139939,139940],{"className":39,"code":78329,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,139941,139942],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139943,139944,139946,139948,139950,139952,139954,139956,139958,139960,139962,139964,139966,139968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139945,3773],{"class":61},[47,139947,256],{"class":125},[47,139949,405],{"class":129},[47,139951,256],{"class":125},[47,139953,69],{"class":61},[47,139955,265],{"class":125},[47,139957,3960],{"class":129},[47,139959,256],{"class":125},[47,139961,69],{"class":61},[47,139963,265],{"class":125},[47,139965,3969],{"class":129},[47,139967,256],{"class":125},[47,139969,1402],{"class":61},[14,139971,139972],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[37,139974,139976],{"className":39,"code":139975,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[44,139977,139978,139991,140013,140017],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,139979,139980,139982,139984,139986,139989],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139981,34568],{"class":53},[47,139983,58],{"class":57},[47,139985,136],{"class":125},[47,139987,139988],{"class":129},"2024::10::31",[47,139990,3230],{"class":125},[47,139992,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139994,42718],{"class":53},[47,139996,58],{"class":57},[47,139998,42723],{"class":53},[47,140000,30],{"class":61},[47,140002,34349],{"class":173},[47,140004,170],{"class":61},[47,140006,126],{"class":125},[47,140008,76546],{"class":129},[47,140010,126],{"class":125},[47,140012,80],{"class":61},[47,140014,140015],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140016,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,140018,140019,140021,140023,140025],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140020,167],{"class":166},[47,140022,170],{"class":61},[47,140024,42750],{"class":173},[47,140026,80],{"class":61},[14,140028,215],{},[37,140030,140032],{"className":39,"code":140031,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[44,140033,140034],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140035,140036,140038,140040,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140060,140062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140037,3773],{"class":61},[47,140039,256],{"class":125},[47,140041,140042],{"class":129},"2024",[47,140044,256],{"class":125},[47,140046,69],{"class":61},[47,140048,265],{"class":125},[47,140050,960],{"class":129},[47,140052,256],{"class":125},[47,140054,69],{"class":61},[47,140056,265],{"class":125},[47,140058,140059],{"class":129},"31",[47,140061,256],{"class":125},[47,140063,1402],{"class":61},[14,140065,140066],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140068,140069,140070,30],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[21,140071,128912],{"href":128911},[32,140073,8294,140075],{"id":140074},"using-maxsplit",[44,140076,139483],{},[14,140078,140079,140081],{},[44,140080,139483],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140083,140084],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140086,2083],{},[37,140088,140090],{"className":39,"code":140089,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[44,140091,140092,140105,140131,140135],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140093,140094,140096,140098,140100,140103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140095,34568],{"class":53},[47,140097,58],{"class":57},[47,140099,136],{"class":125},[47,140101,140102],{"class":129},"name:age:city:country",[47,140104,3230],{"class":125},[47,140106,140107,140109,140111,140113,140115,140117,140119,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140108,42718],{"class":53},[47,140110,58],{"class":57},[47,140112,42723],{"class":53},[47,140114,30],{"class":61},[47,140116,34349],{"class":173},[47,140118,170],{"class":61},[47,140120,126],{"class":125},[47,140122,2760],{"class":129},[47,140124,126],{"class":125},[47,140126,69],{"class":61},[47,140128,72],{"class":65},[47,140130,80],{"class":61},[47,140132,140133],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140134,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,140136,140137,140139,140141,140143],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140138,167],{"class":166},[47,140140,170],{"class":61},[47,140142,42750],{"class":173},[47,140144,80],{"class":61},[14,140146,215],{},[37,140148,140150],{"className":39,"code":140149,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[44,140151,140152],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140153,140154,140156,140158,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168,140170,140172,140174,140177,140179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140155,3773],{"class":61},[47,140157,256],{"class":125},[47,140159,7542],{"class":129},[47,140161,256],{"class":125},[47,140163,69],{"class":61},[47,140165,265],{"class":125},[47,140167,9174],{"class":129},[47,140169,256],{"class":125},[47,140171,69],{"class":61},[47,140173,265],{"class":125},[47,140175,140176],{"class":129},"city:country",[47,140178,256],{"class":125},[47,140180,1402],{"class":61},[14,140182,2054],{},[291,140184,140185,140190,140195],{},[294,140186,140187,140188],{},"Python splits at the first ",[44,140189,2760],{},[294,140191,140192,140193],{},"then splits at the second ",[44,140194,2760],{},[294,140196,140197],{},"then stops",[14,140199,140200],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140202,51964],{},[37,140204,140206],{"className":39,"code":140205,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[44,140207,140208,140221],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140209,140210,140212,140214,140216,140219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140211,34568],{"class":53},[47,140213,58],{"class":57},[47,140215,136],{"class":125},[47,140217,140218],{"class":129},"apple banana cherry grape",[47,140220,3230],{"class":125},[47,140222,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237,140239,140241,140243],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140224,167],{"class":166},[47,140226,170],{"class":61},[47,140228,34589],{"class":173},[47,140230,30],{"class":61},[47,140232,34349],{"class":173},[47,140234,170],{"class":61},[47,140236,126],{"class":125},[47,140238,136],{"class":125},[47,140240,69],{"class":61},[47,140242,1242],{"class":65},[47,140244,506],{"class":61},[14,140246,215],{},[37,140248,140250],{"className":39,"code":140249,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[44,140251,140252],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140253,140254,140256,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266,140269,140271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140255,3773],{"class":61},[47,140257,256],{"class":125},[47,140259,405],{"class":129},[47,140261,256],{"class":125},[47,140263,69],{"class":61},[47,140265,265],{"class":125},[47,140267,140268],{"class":129},"banana cherry grape",[47,140270,256],{"class":125},[47,140272,1402],{"class":61},[32,140274,3550,140276,11584],{"id":140275},"what-split-returns",[44,140277,60412],{},[14,140279,140280,140281,140283,140284,30],{},"The result of ",[44,140282,60412],{}," is always a ",[575,140285,7969],{},[14,140287,140288],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140290,2083],{},[37,140292,140294],{"className":39,"code":140293,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[44,140295,140296,140309,140331,140335,140345,140359],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140297,140298,140300,140302,140304,140307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140299,34568],{"class":53},[47,140301,58],{"class":57},[47,140303,136],{"class":125},[47,140305,140306],{"class":129},"cat,dog,bird",[47,140308,3230],{"class":125},[47,140310,140311,140313,140315,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140312,42718],{"class":53},[47,140314,58],{"class":57},[47,140316,42723],{"class":53},[47,140318,30],{"class":61},[47,140320,34349],{"class":173},[47,140322,170],{"class":61},[47,140324,126],{"class":125},[47,140326,69],{"class":129},[47,140328,126],{"class":125},[47,140330,80],{"class":61},[47,140332,140333],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140334,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,140336,140337,140339,140341,140343],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140338,167],{"class":166},[47,140340,170],{"class":61},[47,140342,42750],{"class":173},[47,140344,80],{"class":61},[47,140346,140347,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,140348,167],{"class":166},[47,140350,170],{"class":61},[47,140352,499],{"class":118},[47,140354,170],{"class":61},[47,140356,42750],{"class":173},[47,140358,506],{"class":61},[47,140360,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,140362,167],{"class":166},[47,140364,170],{"class":61},[47,140366,42750],{"class":173},[47,140368,3773],{"class":61},[47,140370,1237],{"class":65},[47,140372,153],{"class":61},[14,140374,215],{},[37,140376,140378],{"className":39,"code":140377,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[44,140379,140380,140408,140422],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140381,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402,140404,140406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140383,3773],{"class":61},[47,140385,256],{"class":125},[47,140387,36929],{"class":129},[47,140389,256],{"class":125},[47,140391,69],{"class":61},[47,140393,265],{"class":125},[47,140395,58010],{"class":129},[47,140397,256],{"class":125},[47,140399,69],{"class":61},[47,140401,265],{"class":125},[47,140403,58027],{"class":129},[47,140405,256],{"class":125},[47,140407,1402],{"class":61},[47,140409,140410,140412,140414,140416,140418,140420],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140411,522],{"class":57},[47,140413,526],{"class":525},[47,140415,265],{"class":125},[47,140417,7969],{"class":129},[47,140419,256],{"class":125},[47,140421,536],{"class":57},[47,140423,140424],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140425,85348],{"class":53},[14,140427,140428],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[291,140430,140431,140434,140437],{},[294,140432,140433],{},"loop over it",[294,140435,140436],{},"access items by index",[294,140438,140439],{},"combine items again later",[14,140441,140442,140443,30],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[21,140444,126228,140446,10617],{"href":140445},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[44,140447,133310],{},[14,140449,2083],{},[37,140451,140453],{"className":39,"code":140452,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[44,140454,140455,140487,140509,140513],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140456,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467,140469,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479,140481,140483,140485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140458,42718],{"class":53},[47,140460,58],{"class":57},[47,140462,957],{"class":61},[47,140464,256],{"class":125},[47,140466,36929],{"class":129},[47,140468,256],{"class":125},[47,140470,69],{"class":61},[47,140472,265],{"class":125},[47,140474,58010],{"class":129},[47,140476,256],{"class":125},[47,140478,69],{"class":61},[47,140480,265],{"class":125},[47,140482,58027],{"class":129},[47,140484,256],{"class":125},[47,140486,1402],{"class":61},[47,140488,140489,140491,140493,140495,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140490,34568],{"class":53},[47,140492,58],{"class":57},[47,140494,136],{"class":125},[47,140496,1896],{"class":129},[47,140498,126],{"class":125},[47,140500,30],{"class":61},[47,140502,133387],{"class":173},[47,140504,170],{"class":61},[47,140506,42750],{"class":173},[47,140508,80],{"class":61},[47,140510,140511],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140512,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,140514,140515,140517,140519,140521],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140516,167],{"class":166},[47,140518,170],{"class":61},[47,140520,34589],{"class":173},[47,140522,80],{"class":61},[14,140524,215],{},[37,140526,140528],{"className":39,"code":140527,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"cat-dog-bird\n",[44,140529,140530],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140531,140532,140534,140536,140538,140540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140533,36929],{"class":53},[47,140535,1896],{"class":57},[47,140537,58010],{"class":53},[47,140539,1896],{"class":57},[47,140541,140542],{"class":53},"bird\n",[32,140544,140546],{"id":140545},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140548,140549],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[773,140551,140553],{"id":140552},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[37,140555,140557],{"className":39,"code":140556,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[44,140558,140559,140567],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140560,140561,140563,140565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140562,34568],{"class":53},[47,140564,58],{"class":57},[47,140566,7756],{"class":125},[47,140568,140569,140571,140573,140575,140577,140579],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140570,167],{"class":166},[47,140572,170],{"class":61},[47,140574,34589],{"class":173},[47,140576,30],{"class":61},[47,140578,34349],{"class":173},[47,140580,7068],{"class":61},[14,140582,215],{},[37,140584,140585],{"className":39,"code":38178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,140586,140587],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140588,140589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140590,38178],{"class":61},[773,140592,140594],{"id":140593},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[37,140596,140598],{"className":39,"code":140597,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[44,140599,140600,140608],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140601,140602,140604,140606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140603,34568],{"class":53},[47,140605,58],{"class":57},[47,140607,7756],{"class":125},[47,140609,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140611,167],{"class":166},[47,140613,170],{"class":61},[47,140615,34589],{"class":173},[47,140617,30],{"class":61},[47,140619,34349],{"class":173},[47,140621,170],{"class":61},[47,140623,126],{"class":125},[47,140625,69],{"class":129},[47,140627,126],{"class":125},[47,140629,506],{"class":61},[14,140631,215],{},[37,140633,140635],{"className":39,"code":140634,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['']\n",[44,140636,140637],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140638,140639,140641,140643],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140640,3773],{"class":61},[47,140642,3647],{"class":125},[47,140644,1402],{"class":61},[773,140646,140648],{"id":140647},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140650,140651],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[37,140653,140655],{"className":39,"code":140654,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[44,140656,140657,140669],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140658,140659,140661,140663,140665,140667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140660,34568],{"class":53},[47,140662,58],{"class":57},[47,140664,136],{"class":125},[47,140666,3718],{"class":129},[47,140668,3230],{"class":125},[47,140670,140671,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140672,167],{"class":166},[47,140674,170],{"class":61},[47,140676,34589],{"class":173},[47,140678,30],{"class":61},[47,140680,34349],{"class":173},[47,140682,170],{"class":61},[47,140684,126],{"class":125},[47,140686,69],{"class":129},[47,140688,126],{"class":125},[47,140690,506],{"class":61},[14,140692,215],{},[37,140694,140696],{"className":39,"code":140695,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['hello']\n",[44,140697,140698],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140699,140700,140702,140704,140706,140708],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140701,3773],{"class":61},[47,140703,256],{"class":125},[47,140705,3718],{"class":129},[47,140707,256],{"class":125},[47,140709,1402],{"class":61},[32,140711,4836,140713],{"id":140712},"when-to-use-split",[44,140714,60412],{},[14,140716,1967,140717,140719],{},[44,140718,60412],{}," when you need to:",[291,140721,140722,140725,140728],{},[294,140723,140724],{},"split a sentence into words",[294,140726,140727],{},"split comma-separated values",[294,140729,140730],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140732,140733],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[291,140735,140736,140739,140742],{},[294,140737,140738],{},"cleaning text",[294,140740,140741],{},"parsing user input",[294,140743,140744],{},"processing simple file content",[32,140746,1284],{"id":1283},[14,140748,84119],{},[291,140750,140751,140755,140761,140764,140772],{},[294,140752,50389,140753,131448],{},[44,140754,60412],{},[294,140756,140757,140758,140760],{},"forgetting that ",[44,140759,60412],{}," returns a list, not a string",[294,140762,140763],{},"using the wrong separator",[294,140765,140766,140767,140769,140770],{},"assuming ",[44,140768,139706],{}," behaves the same as ",[44,140771,60412],{},[294,140773,140774],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140776,140777],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[37,140779,140781],{"className":39,"code":140780,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[44,140782,140783,140795,140813,140817],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140784,140785,140787,140789,140791,140793],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140786,34568],{"class":53},[47,140788,58],{"class":57},[47,140790,136],{"class":125},[47,140792,42711],{"class":129},[47,140794,3230],{"class":125},[47,140796,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807,140809,140811],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140798,34589],{"class":53},[47,140800,30],{"class":61},[47,140802,34349],{"class":173},[47,140804,170],{"class":61},[47,140806,126],{"class":125},[47,140808,69],{"class":129},[47,140810,126],{"class":125},[47,140812,80],{"class":61},[47,140814,140815],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140816,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,140818,140819,140821,140823,140825],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140820,167],{"class":166},[47,140822,170],{"class":61},[47,140824,34589],{"class":173},[47,140826,80],{"class":61},[14,140828,215],{},[37,140830,140832],{"className":39,"code":140831,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a,b,c\n",[44,140833,140834],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140835,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140837,21],{"class":53},[47,140839,69],{"class":61},[47,140841,139],{"class":53},[47,140843,69],{"class":61},[47,140845,69125],{"class":53},[14,140847,140848],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140850,10684],{},[37,140852,140853],{"className":39,"code":42698,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,140854,140855,140867,140889,140893],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140856,140857,140859,140861,140863,140865],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140858,34568],{"class":53},[47,140860,58],{"class":57},[47,140862,136],{"class":125},[47,140864,42711],{"class":129},[47,140866,3230],{"class":125},[47,140868,140869,140871,140873,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883,140885,140887],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140870,42718],{"class":53},[47,140872,58],{"class":57},[47,140874,42723],{"class":53},[47,140876,30],{"class":61},[47,140878,34349],{"class":173},[47,140880,170],{"class":61},[47,140882,126],{"class":125},[47,140884,69],{"class":129},[47,140886,126],{"class":125},[47,140888,80],{"class":61},[47,140890,140891],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140892,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,140894,140895,140897,140899,140901],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140896,167],{"class":166},[47,140898,170],{"class":61},[47,140900,42750],{"class":173},[47,140902,80],{"class":61},[14,140904,215],{},[37,140906,140907],{"className":39,"code":42757,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,140908,140909],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140910,140911,140913,140915,140917,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931,140933,140935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140912,3773],{"class":61},[47,140914,256],{"class":125},[47,140916,21],{"class":129},[47,140918,256],{"class":125},[47,140920,69],{"class":61},[47,140922,265],{"class":125},[47,140924,139],{"class":129},[47,140926,256],{"class":125},[47,140928,69],{"class":61},[47,140930,265],{"class":125},[47,140932,148],{"class":129},[47,140934,256],{"class":125},[47,140936,1402],{"class":61},[14,140938,140939],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[37,140941,140943],{"className":39,"code":140942,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[44,140944,140945,140958,140980,140984],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,140946,140947,140949,140951,140953,140956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140948,34568],{"class":53},[47,140950,58],{"class":57},[47,140952,136],{"class":125},[47,140954,140955],{"class":129},"apple,banana",[47,140957,3230],{"class":125},[47,140959,140960,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972,140974,140976,140978],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140961,42718],{"class":53},[47,140963,58],{"class":57},[47,140965,42723],{"class":53},[47,140967,30],{"class":61},[47,140969,34349],{"class":173},[47,140971,170],{"class":61},[47,140973,126],{"class":125},[47,140975,69],{"class":129},[47,140977,126],{"class":125},[47,140979,80],{"class":61},[47,140981,140982],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140983,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,140985,140986,140988,140990,140992,140994,140996],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140987,167],{"class":166},[47,140989,170],{"class":61},[47,140991,42750],{"class":173},[47,140993,3773],{"class":61},[47,140995,1931],{"class":65},[47,140997,153],{"class":61},[14,140999,141000,141001,30],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[21,141002,69138],{"href":69137},[773,141004,60591],{"id":60590},[14,141006,8753,141007,141009],{},[44,141008,60412],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[37,141011,141013],{"className":39,"code":141012,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[44,141014,141015,141025,141039,141061,141087],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,141016,141017,141019,141021,141023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141018,167],{"class":166},[47,141020,170],{"class":61},[47,141022,34589],{"class":173},[47,141024,80],{"class":61},[47,141026,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035,141037],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141028,167],{"class":166},[47,141030,170],{"class":61},[47,141032,34589],{"class":173},[47,141034,30],{"class":61},[47,141036,34349],{"class":173},[47,141038,7068],{"class":61},[47,141040,141041,141043,141045,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057,141059],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,141042,167],{"class":166},[47,141044,170],{"class":61},[47,141046,34589],{"class":173},[47,141048,30],{"class":61},[47,141050,34349],{"class":173},[47,141052,170],{"class":61},[47,141054,256],{"class":125},[47,141056,69],{"class":129},[47,141058,256],{"class":125},[47,141060,506],{"class":61},[47,141062,141063,141065,141067,141069,141071,141073,141075,141077,141079,141081,141083,141085],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,141064,167],{"class":166},[47,141066,170],{"class":61},[47,141068,1698],{"class":166},[47,141070,170],{"class":61},[47,141072,34589],{"class":173},[47,141074,30],{"class":61},[47,141076,34349],{"class":173},[47,141078,170],{"class":61},[47,141080,256],{"class":125},[47,141082,69],{"class":129},[47,141084,256],{"class":125},[47,141086,2788],{"class":61},[47,141088,141089,141091,141093,141095,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,141090,167],{"class":166},[47,141092,170],{"class":61},[47,141094,499],{"class":118},[47,141096,170],{"class":61},[47,141098,34589],{"class":173},[47,141100,30],{"class":61},[47,141102,34349],{"class":173},[47,141104,170],{"class":61},[47,141106,256],{"class":125},[47,141108,69],{"class":129},[47,141110,256],{"class":125},[47,141112,2788],{"class":61},[14,141114,11047],{},[291,141116,141117,141120,141123,141126],{},[294,141118,141119],{},"what the original string looks like",[294,141121,141122],{},"which separator works",[294,141124,141125],{},"how many items were created",[294,141127,141128],{},"that the result is a list",[32,141130,1708],{"id":1707},[773,141132,5054,141134,4267,141136,2368],{"id":141133},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[44,141135,60412],{},[44,141137,139706],{},[14,141139,141140,141142],{},[44,141141,60412],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141144,141145,141147],{},[44,141146,139706],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[773,141149,12584,141151,124557],{"id":141150},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[44,141152,60412],{},[14,141154,141155,141156,56362],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[44,141157,60412],{},[773,141159,1744,141161,39841],{"id":141160},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[44,141162,139483],{},[14,141164,141165],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[773,141167,141169],{"id":141168},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141171,28938,141172,141174],{},[44,141173,60412],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[32,141176,1758],{"id":1757},[291,141178,141179,141183,141189,141195,141199],{},[294,141180,141181],{},[21,141182,129833],{"href":128911},[294,141184,141185],{},[21,141186,126228,141187,10617],{"href":140445},[44,141188,133310],{},[294,141190,141191],{},[21,141192,126228,141193,10617],{"href":136798},[44,141194,41534],{},[294,141196,141197],{},[21,141198,124983],{"href":50859},[294,141200,141201],{},[21,141202,69138],{"href":69137},[1796,141204,141205],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":141207},[141208,141209,141211,141212,141217,141218,141220,141222,141227,141229,141232,141241],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":139313,"depth":83,"text":141210},"What split() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":139561,"depth":83,"text":141213,"children":141214},"Using split() with no separator",[141215],{"id":139701,"depth":94,"text":141216},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139864,"depth":83,"text":139865},{"id":140074,"depth":83,"text":141219},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140275,"depth":83,"text":141221},"What split() returns",{"id":140545,"depth":83,"text":140546,"children":141223},[141224,141225,141226],{"id":140552,"depth":94,"text":140553},{"id":140593,"depth":94,"text":140594},{"id":140647,"depth":94,"text":140648},{"id":140712,"depth":83,"text":141228},"When to use split()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":141230},[141231],{"id":60590,"depth":94,"text":60591},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":141233},[141234,141236,141238,141240],{"id":141133,"depth":94,"text":141235},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141150,"depth":94,"text":141237},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141160,"depth":94,"text":141239},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141168,"depth":94,"text":141169},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139222,"description":141242},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141249,"title":141250,"body":141251,"description":143194,"extension":1837,"meta":143195,"navigation":159,"path":143196,"seo":143197,"stem":143198,"__hash__":143199},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141252,"toc":143153},[141253,141258,141263,141270,141343,141348,141353,141358,141374,141376,141446,141448,141450,141470,141472,141517,141522,141524,141622,141627,141631,141636,141640,141643,141685,141689,141692,141737,141741,141744,141794,141798,141803,141855,141857,141862,141873,141878,141958,141960,141972,141981,141988,142003,142005,142120,142126,142130,142133,142138,142280,142283,142290,142292,142296,142304,142373,142379,142428,142433,142438,142440,142460,142462,142528,142530,142534,142537,142541,142582,142584,142617,142622,142625,142652,142654,142697,142704,142709,142719,142785,142789,142797,142802,142853,142857,142860,142862,142871,142873,142923,142925,143032,143034,143039,143046,143052,143055,143086,143091,143093,143100,143108,143117,143120,143122,143150],[10,141254,123230,141256,11199],{"id":141255},"python-string-startswith-method",[44,141257,127596],{},[14,141259,123235,141260,141262],{},[44,141261,127596],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141264,126294,141265,25,141267,141269],{},[44,141266,3477],{},[44,141268,3546],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[37,141271,141273],{"className":39,"code":141272,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[44,141274,141275,141288,141292,141317],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,141276,141277,141279,141281,141283,141286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141278,34568],{"class":53},[47,141280,58],{"class":57},[47,141282,136],{"class":125},[47,141284,141285],{"class":129},"Python Beginner Help",[47,141287,3230],{"class":125},[47,141289,141290],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141291,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,141293,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141305,141307,141309,141311,141313,141315],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,141295,167],{"class":166},[47,141297,170],{"class":61},[47,141299,34589],{"class":173},[47,141301,30],{"class":61},[47,141303,141304],{"class":173},"startswith",[47,141306,170],{"class":61},[47,141308,126],{"class":125},[47,141310,7171],{"class":129},[47,141312,126],{"class":125},[47,141314,5235],{"class":61},[47,141316,43737],{"class":1494},[47,141318,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141333,141336,141338,141340],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,141320,167],{"class":166},[47,141322,170],{"class":61},[47,141324,34589],{"class":173},[47,141326,30],{"class":61},[47,141328,141304],{"class":173},[47,141330,170],{"class":61},[47,141332,126],{"class":125},[47,141334,141335],{"class":129},"Beginner",[47,141337,126],{"class":125},[47,141339,5235],{"class":61},[47,141341,141342],{"class":1494}," # False\n",[14,141344,1967,141345,141347],{},[44,141346,127596],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[32,141349,3550,141351,3553],{"id":141350},"what-startswith-does",[44,141352,127596],{},[14,141354,141355,141357],{},[44,141356,127596],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[291,141359,141360,141363,141369,141371],{},[294,141361,141362],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[294,141364,1750,141365,25,141367],{},[44,141366,3477],{},[44,141368,3546],{},[294,141370,123373],{},[294,141372,141373],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141375,2083],{},[37,141377,141379],{"className":39,"code":141378,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[44,141380,141381,141393,141397,141422],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,141382,141383,141385,141387,141389,141391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141384,7751],{"class":53},[47,141386,58],{"class":57},[47,141388,136],{"class":125},[47,141390,7171],{"class":129},[47,141392,3230],{"class":125},[47,141394,141395],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141396,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,141398,141399,141401,141403,141405,141407,141409,141411,141413,141416,141418,141420],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,141400,167],{"class":166},[47,141402,170],{"class":61},[47,141404,7542],{"class":173},[47,141406,30],{"class":61},[47,141408,141304],{"class":173},[47,141410,170],{"class":61},[47,141412,126],{"class":125},[47,141414,141415],{"class":129},"Py",[47,141417,126],{"class":125},[47,141419,5235],{"class":61},[47,141421,43737],{"class":1494},[47,141423,141424,141426,141428,141430,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,141425,167],{"class":166},[47,141427,170],{"class":61},[47,141429,7542],{"class":173},[47,141431,30],{"class":61},[47,141433,141304],{"class":173},[47,141435,170],{"class":61},[47,141437,126],{"class":125},[47,141439,128674],{"class":129},[47,141441,126],{"class":125},[47,141443,5235],{"class":61},[47,141445,43754],{"class":1494},[32,141447,2032],{"id":2031},[14,141449,42266],{},[37,141451,141453],{"className":39,"code":141452,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[44,141454,141455],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,141456,141457,141459,141461,141463,141465,141468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141458,61055],{"class":53},[47,141460,30],{"class":61},[47,141462,141304],{"class":173},[47,141464,170],{"class":61},[47,141466,141467],{"class":173},"prefix",[47,141469,80],{"class":61},[14,141471,30642],{},[37,141473,141475],{"className":39,"code":141474,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[44,141476,141477,141495],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,141478,141479,141481,141483,141485,141487,141489,141491,141493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141480,61055],{"class":53},[47,141482,30],{"class":61},[47,141484,141304],{"class":173},[47,141486,170],{"class":61},[47,141488,141467],{"class":173},[47,141490,69],{"class":61},[47,141492,35934],{"class":173},[47,141494,80],{"class":61},[47,141496,141497,141499,141501,141503,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513,141515],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141498,61055],{"class":53},[47,141500,30],{"class":61},[47,141502,141304],{"class":173},[47,141504,170],{"class":61},[47,141506,141467],{"class":173},[47,141508,69],{"class":61},[47,141510,35934],{"class":173},[47,141512,69],{"class":61},[47,141514,64919],{"class":173},[47,141516,80],{"class":61},[14,141518,20648,141519,141521],{},[44,141520,141467],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141523,2083],{},[37,141525,141527],{"className":39,"code":141526,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[44,141528,141529,141541,141545,141570,141594],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,141530,141531,141533,141535,141537,141539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141532,34568],{"class":53},[47,141534,58],{"class":57},[47,141536,136],{"class":125},[47,141538,60287],{"class":129},[47,141540,3230],{"class":125},[47,141542,141543],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141544,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,141546,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,141548,167],{"class":166},[47,141550,170],{"class":61},[47,141552,34589],{"class":173},[47,141554,30],{"class":61},[47,141556,141304],{"class":173},[47,141558,170],{"class":61},[47,141560,126],{"class":125},[47,141562,3718],{"class":129},[47,141564,126],{"class":125},[47,141566,5235],{"class":61},[47,141568,141569],{"class":1494},"      # True\n",[47,141571,141572,141574,141576,141578,141580,141582,141584,141586,141588,141590,141592],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,141573,167],{"class":166},[47,141575,170],{"class":61},[47,141577,34589],{"class":173},[47,141579,30],{"class":61},[47,141581,141304],{"class":173},[47,141583,170],{"class":61},[47,141585,126],{"class":125},[47,141587,60472],{"class":129},[47,141589,126],{"class":125},[47,141591,5235],{"class":61},[47,141593,21076],{"class":1494},[47,141595,141596,141598,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,141597,167],{"class":166},[47,141599,170],{"class":61},[47,141601,34589],{"class":173},[47,141603,30],{"class":61},[47,141605,141304],{"class":173},[47,141607,170],{"class":61},[47,141609,126],{"class":125},[47,141611,60472],{"class":129},[47,141613,126],{"class":125},[47,141615,69],{"class":61},[47,141617,37525],{"class":65},[47,141619,5235],{"class":61},[47,141621,43737],{"class":1494},[14,141623,141624,141625,30],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[21,141626,124983],{"href":50859},[32,141628,141630],{"id":141629},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141632,141633,141635],{},[44,141634,127596],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[773,141637,141638],{"id":141467},[44,141639,141467],{},[14,141641,141642],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[37,141644,141646],{"className":39,"code":141645,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[44,141647,141648,141660],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,141649,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141651,34568],{"class":53},[47,141653,58],{"class":57},[47,141655,136],{"class":125},[47,141657,3960],{"class":129},[47,141659,3230],{"class":125},[47,141661,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672,141674,141676,141679,141681,141683],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141663,167],{"class":166},[47,141665,170],{"class":61},[47,141667,34589],{"class":173},[47,141669,30],{"class":61},[47,141671,141304],{"class":173},[47,141673,170],{"class":61},[47,141675,126],{"class":125},[47,141677,141678],{"class":129},"ban",[47,141680,126],{"class":125},[47,141682,5235],{"class":61},[47,141684,3536],{"class":1494},[773,141686,141687],{"id":35955},[44,141688,35955],{},[14,141690,141691],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[37,141693,141695],{"className":39,"code":141694,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[44,141696,141697,141709],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,141698,141699,141701,141703,141705,141707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141700,34568],{"class":53},[47,141702,58],{"class":57},[47,141704,136],{"class":125},[47,141706,60287],{"class":129},[47,141708,3230],{"class":125},[47,141710,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721,141723,141725,141727,141729,141731,141733,141735],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141712,167],{"class":166},[47,141714,170],{"class":61},[47,141716,34589],{"class":173},[47,141718,30],{"class":61},[47,141720,141304],{"class":173},[47,141722,170],{"class":61},[47,141724,126],{"class":125},[47,141726,60472],{"class":129},[47,141728,126],{"class":125},[47,141730,69],{"class":61},[47,141732,37525],{"class":65},[47,141734,5235],{"class":61},[47,141736,3536],{"class":1494},[773,141738,141739],{"id":52545},[44,141740,52545],{},[14,141742,141743],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[37,141745,141747],{"className":39,"code":141746,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[44,141748,141749,141761],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,141750,141751,141753,141755,141757,141759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141752,34568],{"class":53},[47,141754,58],{"class":57},[47,141756,136],{"class":125},[47,141758,60287],{"class":129},[47,141760,3230],{"class":125},[47,141762,141763,141765,141767,141769,141771,141773,141775,141777,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141764,167],{"class":166},[47,141766,170],{"class":61},[47,141768,34589],{"class":173},[47,141770,30],{"class":61},[47,141772,141304],{"class":173},[47,141774,170],{"class":61},[47,141776,126],{"class":125},[47,141778,141779],{"class":129},"wor",[47,141781,126],{"class":125},[47,141783,69],{"class":61},[47,141785,37525],{"class":65},[47,141787,69],{"class":61},[47,141789,54021],{"class":65},[47,141791,5235],{"class":61},[47,141793,3536],{"class":1494},[773,141795,141797],{"id":141796},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141799,141800,141802],{},[44,141801,141467],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[37,141804,141806],{"className":39,"code":141805,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[44,141807,141808,141821],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,141809,141810,141812,141814,141816,141819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141811,126311],{"class":53},[47,141813,58],{"class":57},[47,141815,136],{"class":125},[47,141817,141818],{"class":129},"img_001.png",[47,141820,3230],{"class":125},[47,141822,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837,141840,141842,141844,141846,141849,141851,141853],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141824,167],{"class":166},[47,141826,170],{"class":61},[47,141828,126329],{"class":173},[47,141830,30],{"class":61},[47,141832,141304],{"class":173},[47,141834,5384],{"class":61},[47,141836,126],{"class":125},[47,141838,141839],{"class":129},"img_",[47,141841,126],{"class":125},[47,141843,69],{"class":61},[47,141845,136],{"class":125},[47,141847,141848],{"class":129},"photo_",[47,141850,126],{"class":125},[47,141852,50975],{"class":61},[47,141854,3536],{"class":1494},[32,141856,17296],{"id":17295},[14,141858,141859,141861],{},[44,141860,127596],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[291,141863,141864,141869],{},[294,141865,141866,141868],{},[44,141867,3477],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[294,141870,141871,126913],{},[44,141872,3546],{},[14,141874,141875,141876,7046],{},"This makes it useful in ",[44,141877,6871],{},[37,141879,141881],{"className":39,"code":141880,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[44,141882,141883,141897,141901,141922,141937,141943],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,141884,141885,141888,141890,141892,141895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141886,141887],{"class":53},"command ",[47,141889,58],{"class":57},[47,141891,136],{"class":125},[47,141893,141894],{"class":129},"\u002Fhelp",[47,141896,3230],{"class":125},[47,141898,141899],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141900,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,141902,141903,141905,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,141904,6871],{"class":3749},[47,141906,141907],{"class":53}," command",[47,141909,30],{"class":61},[47,141911,141304],{"class":173},[47,141913,170],{"class":61},[47,141915,126],{"class":125},[47,141917,127120],{"class":129},[47,141919,126],{"class":125},[47,141921,8218],{"class":61},[47,141923,141924,141926,141928,141930,141933,141935],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,141925,7944],{"class":166},[47,141927,170],{"class":61},[47,141929,126],{"class":125},[47,141931,141932],{"class":129},"This looks like a command.",[47,141934,126],{"class":125},[47,141936,80],{"class":61},[47,141938,141939,141941],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,141940,27311],{"class":3749},[47,141942,6268],{"class":61},[47,141944,141945,141947,141949,141951,141954,141956],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,141946,7944],{"class":166},[47,141948,170],{"class":61},[47,141950,126],{"class":125},[47,141952,141953],{"class":129},"This is normal text.",[47,141955,126],{"class":125},[47,141957,80],{"class":61},[14,141959,215],{},[37,141961,141963],{"className":39,"code":141962,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"This looks like a command.\n",[44,141964,141965],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,141966,141967,141970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141968,141969],{"class":53},"This looks like a command",[47,141971,122262],{"class":61},[32,141973,8294,141975,8582,141977,4267,141979],{"id":141974},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[44,141976,127596],{},[44,141978,35955],{},[44,141980,52545],{},[14,141982,1854,141983,4267,141985,141987],{},[44,141984,35955],{},[44,141986,52545],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[291,141989,141990,141995,142000],{},[294,141991,141992,141994],{},[44,141993,35955],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[294,141996,141997,141999],{},[44,141998,52545],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[294,142001,142002],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,142004,2083],{},[37,142006,142008],{"className":39,"code":142007,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[44,142009,142010,142022,142026,142055,142088],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142011,142012,142014,142016,142018,142020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142013,34568],{"class":53},[47,142015,58],{"class":57},[47,142017,136],{"class":125},[47,142019,139507],{"class":129},[47,142021,3230],{"class":125},[47,142023,142024],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142025,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,142027,142028,142030,142032,142034,142036,142038,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142029,167],{"class":166},[47,142031,170],{"class":61},[47,142033,34589],{"class":173},[47,142035,30],{"class":61},[47,142037,141304],{"class":173},[47,142039,170],{"class":61},[47,142041,126],{"class":125},[47,142043,79150],{"class":129},[47,142045,126],{"class":125},[47,142047,69],{"class":61},[47,142049,2333],{"class":65},[47,142051,5235],{"class":61},[47,142053,142054],{"class":1494},"        # True\n",[47,142056,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073,142075,142077,142079,142081,142084,142086],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,142058,167],{"class":166},[47,142060,170],{"class":61},[47,142062,34589],{"class":173},[47,142064,30],{"class":61},[47,142066,141304],{"class":173},[47,142068,170],{"class":61},[47,142070,126],{"class":125},[47,142072,134114],{"class":129},[47,142074,126],{"class":125},[47,142076,69],{"class":61},[47,142078,6234],{"class":65},[47,142080,69],{"class":61},[47,142082,142083],{"class":65}," 13",[47,142085,5235],{"class":61},[47,142087,3536],{"class":1494},[47,142089,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104,142106,142108,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,142091,167],{"class":166},[47,142093,170],{"class":61},[47,142095,34589],{"class":173},[47,142097,30],{"class":61},[47,142099,141304],{"class":173},[47,142101,170],{"class":61},[47,142103,126],{"class":125},[47,142105,134114],{"class":129},[47,142107,126],{"class":125},[47,142109,69],{"class":61},[47,142111,6234],{"class":65},[47,142113,69],{"class":61},[47,142115,30821],{"class":65},[47,142117,5235],{"class":61},[47,142119,4646],{"class":1494},[14,142121,142122,142123,142125],{},"In the last example, the ",[44,142124,52545],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[32,142127,142129],{"id":142128},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142131,142132],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142134,142135,142136,49231],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[44,142137,40718],{},[37,142139,142141],{"className":39,"code":142140,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[44,142142,142143,142157,142171,142185,142189,142213,142217,142238,142259],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142144,142145,142148,142150,142152,142155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142146,142147],{"class":53},"filename1 ",[47,142149,58],{"class":57},[47,142151,136],{"class":125},[47,142153,142154],{"class":129},"img_101.jpg",[47,142156,3230],{"class":125},[47,142158,142159,142162,142164,142166,142169],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142160,142161],{"class":53},"filename2 ",[47,142163,58],{"class":57},[47,142165,136],{"class":125},[47,142167,142168],{"class":129},"photo_202.jpg",[47,142170,3230],{"class":125},[47,142172,142173,142176,142178,142180,142183],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142174,142175],{"class":53},"filename3 ",[47,142177,58],{"class":57},[47,142179,136],{"class":125},[47,142181,142182],{"class":129},"doc_303.jpg",[47,142184,3230],{"class":125},[47,142186,142187],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,142188,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,142190,142191,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,142192,127523],{"class":53},[47,142194,58],{"class":57},[47,142196,62],{"class":61},[47,142198,126],{"class":125},[47,142200,141839],{"class":129},[47,142202,126],{"class":125},[47,142204,69],{"class":61},[47,142206,136],{"class":125},[47,142208,141848],{"class":129},[47,142210,126],{"class":125},[47,142212,80],{"class":61},[47,142214,142215],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,142216,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,142218,142219,142221,142223,142226,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,142220,167],{"class":166},[47,142222,170],{"class":61},[47,142224,142225],{"class":173},"filename1",[47,142227,30],{"class":61},[47,142229,141304],{"class":173},[47,142231,170],{"class":61},[47,142233,127575],{"class":173},[47,142235,5235],{"class":61},[47,142237,3536],{"class":1494},[47,142239,142240,142242,142244,142247,142249,142251,142253,142255,142257],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,142241,167],{"class":166},[47,142243,170],{"class":61},[47,142245,142246],{"class":173},"filename2",[47,142248,30],{"class":61},[47,142250,141304],{"class":173},[47,142252,170],{"class":61},[47,142254,127575],{"class":173},[47,142256,5235],{"class":61},[47,142258,3536],{"class":1494},[47,142260,142261,142263,142265,142268,142270,142272,142274,142276,142278],{"class":49,"line":203},[47,142262,167],{"class":166},[47,142264,170],{"class":61},[47,142266,142267],{"class":173},"filename3",[47,142269,30],{"class":61},[47,142271,141304],{"class":173},[47,142273,170],{"class":61},[47,142275,127575],{"class":173},[47,142277,5235],{"class":61},[47,142279,4646],{"class":1494},[14,142281,142282],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142284,74651,142285,142289],{},[21,142286,126228,142287,10617],{"href":129822},[44,142288,126286],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[32,142291,123877],{"id":123876},[14,142293,142294,123688],{},[44,142295,127596],{},[14,142297,127273,142298,4267,142301,127280],{},[44,142299,142300],{},"\"Python\"",[44,142302,142303],{},"\"python\"",[37,142305,142307],{"className":39,"code":142306,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[44,142308,142309,142321,142325,142349],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142310,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142312,34568],{"class":53},[47,142314,58],{"class":57},[47,142316,136],{"class":125},[47,142318,7171],{"class":129},[47,142320,3230],{"class":125},[47,142322,142323],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142324,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,142326,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142328,167],{"class":166},[47,142330,170],{"class":61},[47,142332,34589],{"class":173},[47,142334,30],{"class":61},[47,142336,141304],{"class":173},[47,142338,170],{"class":61},[47,142340,126],{"class":125},[47,142342,141415],{"class":129},[47,142344,126],{"class":125},[47,142346,5235],{"class":61},[47,142348,3536],{"class":1494},[47,142350,142351,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365,142367,142369,142371],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,142352,167],{"class":166},[47,142354,170],{"class":61},[47,142356,34589],{"class":173},[47,142358,30],{"class":61},[47,142360,141304],{"class":173},[47,142362,170],{"class":61},[47,142364,126],{"class":125},[47,142366,128674],{"class":129},[47,142368,126],{"class":125},[47,142370,5235],{"class":61},[47,142372,4646],{"class":1494},[14,142374,127365,142375,30],{},[21,142376,142377],{"href":123957},[44,142378,123960],{},[37,142380,142382],{"className":39,"code":142381,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[44,142383,142384,142396,142400],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142385,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142387,34568],{"class":53},[47,142389,58],{"class":57},[47,142391,136],{"class":125},[47,142393,7171],{"class":129},[47,142395,3230],{"class":125},[47,142397,142398],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142399,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,142401,142402,142404,142406,142408,142410,142412,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422,142424,142426],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142403,167],{"class":166},[47,142405,170],{"class":61},[47,142407,34589],{"class":173},[47,142409,30],{"class":61},[47,142411,8518],{"class":173},[47,142413,8515],{"class":61},[47,142415,141304],{"class":173},[47,142417,170],{"class":61},[47,142419,126],{"class":125},[47,142421,128674],{"class":129},[47,142423,126],{"class":125},[47,142425,5235],{"class":61},[47,142427,3536],{"class":1494},[32,142429,4836,142431],{"id":142430},"when-to-use-startswith",[44,142432,127596],{},[14,142434,142435,142437],{},[44,142436,127596],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142439,9249],{},[291,142441,142442,142445,142448,142457],{},[294,142443,142444],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[294,142446,142447],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[294,142449,142450,142451,25,142454],{},"Validating text formats like ",[44,142452,142453],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[44,142455,142456],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[294,142458,142459],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142461,2083],{},[37,142463,142465],{"className":39,"code":142464,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[44,142466,142467,142480,142484,142513],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142468,142469,142471,142473,142475,142478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142470,127091],{"class":53},[47,142472,58],{"class":57},[47,142474,136],{"class":125},[47,142476,142477],{"class":129},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[47,142479,3230],{"class":125},[47,142481,142482],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142483,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,142485,142486,142488,142491,142493,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509,142511],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142487,6871],{"class":3749},[47,142489,142490],{"class":53}," url",[47,142492,30],{"class":61},[47,142494,141304],{"class":173},[47,142496,5384],{"class":61},[47,142498,126],{"class":125},[47,142500,142453],{"class":129},[47,142502,126],{"class":125},[47,142504,69],{"class":61},[47,142506,136],{"class":125},[47,142508,142456],{"class":129},[47,142510,126],{"class":125},[47,142512,69442],{"class":61},[47,142514,142515,142517,142519,142521,142524,142526],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,142516,7944],{"class":166},[47,142518,170],{"class":61},[47,142520,126],{"class":125},[47,142522,142523],{"class":129},"This looks like a web URL.",[47,142525,126],{"class":125},[47,142527,80],{"class":61},[32,142529,1284],{"id":1283},[14,142531,22971,142532,30],{},[44,142533,127596],{},[773,142535,138668],{"id":142536},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142538,142539,123688],{},[44,142540,127596],{},[37,142542,142544],{"className":39,"code":142543,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[44,142545,142546,142558],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142547,142548,142550,142552,142554,142556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142549,34568],{"class":53},[47,142551,58],{"class":57},[47,142553,136],{"class":125},[47,142555,7171],{"class":129},[47,142557,3230],{"class":125},[47,142559,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142561,167],{"class":166},[47,142563,170],{"class":61},[47,142565,34589],{"class":173},[47,142567,30],{"class":61},[47,142569,141304],{"class":173},[47,142571,170],{"class":61},[47,142573,126],{"class":125},[47,142575,41],{"class":129},[47,142577,126],{"class":125},[47,142579,5235],{"class":61},[47,142581,4646],{"class":1494},[14,142583,39142],{},[37,142585,142587],{"className":39,"code":142586,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[44,142588,142589],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142590,142591,142593,142595,142597,142599,142601,142603,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142592,167],{"class":166},[47,142594,170],{"class":61},[47,142596,34589],{"class":173},[47,142598,30],{"class":61},[47,142600,8518],{"class":173},[47,142602,8515],{"class":61},[47,142604,141304],{"class":173},[47,142606,170],{"class":61},[47,142608,126],{"class":125},[47,142610,41],{"class":129},[47,142612,126],{"class":125},[47,142614,5235],{"class":61},[47,142616,3536],{"class":1494},[773,142618,29527,142620,137150],{"id":142619},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[44,142621,127596],{},[14,142623,142624],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[37,142626,142628],{"className":39,"code":142627,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[44,142629,142630,142638,142642,142647],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142631,142632,142634,142636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142633,588],{"class":53},[47,142635,58],{"class":57},[47,142637,124910],{"class":65},[47,142639,142640],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142641,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,142643,142644],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142645,142646],{"class":1494},"# This will cause an error:\n",[47,142648,142649],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,142650,142651],{"class":1494},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142653,39142],{},[37,142655,142657],{"className":39,"code":142656,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[44,142658,142659,142673],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142660,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669,142671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142662,588],{"class":53},[47,142664,58],{"class":57},[47,142666,48788],{"class":118},[47,142668,170],{"class":61},[47,142670,50129],{"class":65},[47,142672,80],{"class":61},[47,142674,142675,142677,142679,142681,142683,142685,142687,142689,142691,142693,142695],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142676,167],{"class":166},[47,142678,170],{"class":61},[47,142680,605],{"class":173},[47,142682,30],{"class":61},[47,142684,141304],{"class":173},[47,142686,170],{"class":61},[47,142688,126],{"class":125},[47,142690,66],{"class":129},[47,142692,126],{"class":125},[47,142694,5235],{"class":61},[47,142696,3536],{"class":1494},[773,142698,1502,142700,8582,142702],{"id":142699},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[44,142701,127596],{},[44,142703,3756],{},[14,142705,142706,142708],{},[44,142707,127596],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142710,142711,142712,142714,142715,30],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[44,142713,3756],{}," or methods like ",[21,142716,142717],{"href":124240},[44,142718,124225],{},[37,142720,142722],{"className":39,"code":142721,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[44,142723,142724,142736,142740,142764],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142725,142726,142728,142730,142732,142734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142727,34568],{"class":53},[47,142729,58],{"class":57},[47,142731,136],{"class":125},[47,142733,60287],{"class":129},[47,142735,3230],{"class":125},[47,142737,142738],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142739,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,142741,142742,142744,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756,142758,142760,142762],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142743,167],{"class":166},[47,142745,170],{"class":61},[47,142747,34589],{"class":173},[47,142749,30],{"class":61},[47,142751,141304],{"class":173},[47,142753,170],{"class":61},[47,142755,126],{"class":125},[47,142757,60472],{"class":129},[47,142759,126],{"class":125},[47,142761,5235],{"class":61},[47,142763,4646],{"class":1494},[47,142765,142766,142768,142770,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780,142782],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,142767,167],{"class":166},[47,142769,170],{"class":61},[47,142771,126],{"class":125},[47,142773,60472],{"class":129},[47,142775,126],{"class":125},[47,142777,21049],{"class":3749},[47,142779,42723],{"class":173},[47,142781,3533],{"class":61},[47,142783,142784],{"class":1494},"           # True\n",[14,142786,135702,142787,30],{},[21,142788,127264],{"href":123485},[773,142790,4579,142792,4267,142794,142796],{"id":142791},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[44,142793,35955],{},[44,142795,52545],{}," use index positions",[14,142798,142799,142800,30],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[44,142801,1237],{},[37,142803,142805],{"className":39,"code":142804,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[44,142806,142807,142820,142824],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142808,142809,142811,142813,142815,142818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142810,34568],{"class":53},[47,142812,58],{"class":57},[47,142814,136],{"class":125},[47,142816,142817],{"class":129},"abcdef",[47,142819,3230],{"class":125},[47,142821,142822],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142823,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,142825,142826,142828,142830,142832,142834,142836,142838,142840,142843,142845,142847,142849,142851],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142827,167],{"class":166},[47,142829,170],{"class":61},[47,142831,34589],{"class":173},[47,142833,30],{"class":61},[47,142835,141304],{"class":173},[47,142837,170],{"class":61},[47,142839,126],{"class":125},[47,142841,142842],{"class":129},"cd",[47,142844,126],{"class":125},[47,142846,69],{"class":61},[47,142848,72],{"class":65},[47,142850,5235],{"class":61},[47,142852,3536],{"class":1494},[773,142854,142856],{"id":142855},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142858,142859],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142861,744],{},[37,142863,142865],{"className":39,"code":142864,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[44,142866,142867],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142868,142869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142870,142864],{"class":1494},[14,142872,724],{},[37,142874,142876],{"className":39,"code":142875,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[44,142877,142878,142890],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142879,142880,142882,142884,142886,142888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142881,34568],{"class":53},[47,142883,58],{"class":57},[47,142885,136],{"class":125},[47,142887,7171],{"class":129},[47,142889,3230],{"class":125},[47,142891,142892,142894,142896,142898,142900,142902,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912,142914,142917,142919,142921],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142893,167],{"class":166},[47,142895,170],{"class":61},[47,142897,34589],{"class":173},[47,142899,30],{"class":61},[47,142901,141304],{"class":173},[47,142903,5384],{"class":61},[47,142905,126],{"class":125},[47,142907,141415],{"class":129},[47,142909,126],{"class":125},[47,142911,69],{"class":61},[47,142913,136],{"class":125},[47,142915,142916],{"class":129},"Ja",[47,142918,126],{"class":125},[47,142920,50975],{"class":61},[47,142922,3536],{"class":1494},[14,142924,31961],{},[37,142926,142928],{"className":39,"code":142927,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[44,142929,142930,142940,142954,142976,143002],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,142931,142932,142934,142936,142938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142933,167],{"class":166},[47,142935,170],{"class":61},[47,142937,34589],{"class":173},[47,142939,80],{"class":61},[47,142941,142942,142944,142946,142948,142950,142952],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142943,167],{"class":166},[47,142945,170],{"class":61},[47,142947,499],{"class":118},[47,142949,170],{"class":61},[47,142951,34589],{"class":173},[47,142953,506],{"class":61},[47,142955,142956,142958,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142957,167],{"class":166},[47,142959,170],{"class":61},[47,142961,34589],{"class":173},[47,142963,30],{"class":61},[47,142965,141304],{"class":173},[47,142967,170],{"class":61},[47,142969,126],{"class":125},[47,142971,141415],{"class":129},[47,142973,126],{"class":125},[47,142975,506],{"class":61},[47,142977,142978,142980,142982,142984,142986,142988,142990,142992,142994,142996,142998,143000],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,142979,167],{"class":166},[47,142981,170],{"class":61},[47,142983,34589],{"class":173},[47,142985,30],{"class":61},[47,142987,8518],{"class":173},[47,142989,8515],{"class":61},[47,142991,141304],{"class":173},[47,142993,170],{"class":61},[47,142995,126],{"class":125},[47,142997,128674],{"class":129},[47,142999,126],{"class":125},[47,143001,506],{"class":61},[47,143003,143004,143006,143008,143010,143012,143014,143016,143018,143020,143022,143024,143026,143028,143030],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,143005,167],{"class":166},[47,143007,170],{"class":61},[47,143009,34589],{"class":173},[47,143011,30],{"class":61},[47,143013,141304],{"class":173},[47,143015,5384],{"class":61},[47,143017,126],{"class":125},[47,143019,141415],{"class":129},[47,143021,126],{"class":125},[47,143023,69],{"class":61},[47,143025,136],{"class":125},[47,143027,142916],{"class":129},[47,143029,126],{"class":125},[47,143031,2788],{"class":61},[32,143033,1708],{"id":1707},[773,143035,12584,143037,128074],{"id":143036},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[44,143038,127596],{},[14,143040,143041,143042,25,143044,30],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[44,143043,3477],{},[44,143045,3546],{},[773,143047,5044,143049,143051],{"id":143048},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[44,143050,127596],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143053,143054],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[37,143056,143058],{"className":39,"code":143057,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[44,143059,143060],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143061,143062,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074,143076,143078,143080,143082,143084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143063,34589],{"class":53},[47,143065,30],{"class":61},[47,143067,141304],{"class":173},[47,143069,5384],{"class":61},[47,143071,126],{"class":125},[47,143073,21],{"class":129},[47,143075,126],{"class":125},[47,143077,69],{"class":61},[47,143079,136],{"class":125},[47,143081,139],{"class":129},[47,143083,126],{"class":125},[47,143085,506],{"class":61},[773,143087,14782,143089,124566],{"id":143088},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[44,143090,127596],{},[14,143092,129757],{},[773,143094,5054,143096,4267,143098,2368],{"id":143095},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[44,143097,127596],{},[44,143099,3756],{},[14,143101,143102,143104,143105,143107],{},[44,143103,127596],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[44,143106,3756],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[773,143109,28206,143111,4267,143113,8582,143115,2368],{"id":143110},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[44,143112,35955],{},[44,143114,52545],{},[44,143116,127596],{},[14,143118,143119],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[32,143121,1758],{"id":1757},[291,143123,143124,143130,143136,143142,143146],{},[294,143125,143126],{},[21,143127,126228,143128,10617],{"href":129822},[44,143129,126286],{},[294,143131,143132],{},[21,143133,126228,143134,10617],{"href":124240},[44,143135,124225],{},[294,143137,143138],{},[21,143139,126228,143140,10617],{"href":123957},[44,143141,123960],{},[294,143143,143144],{},[21,143145,124629],{"href":123485},[294,143147,143148],{},[21,143149,124983],{"href":50859},[1796,143151,143152],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":143154},[143155,143157,143158,143164,143165,143167,143168,143169,143171,143181,143193],{"id":141350,"depth":83,"text":143156},"What startswith() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":141629,"depth":83,"text":141630,"children":143159},[143160,143161,143162,143163],{"id":141467,"depth":94,"text":141467},{"id":35955,"depth":94,"text":35955},{"id":52545,"depth":94,"text":52545},{"id":141796,"depth":94,"text":141797},{"id":17295,"depth":83,"text":17296},{"id":141974,"depth":83,"text":143166},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142128,"depth":83,"text":142129},{"id":123876,"depth":83,"text":123877},{"id":142430,"depth":83,"text":143170},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":143172},[143173,143174,143176,143178,143180],{"id":142536,"depth":94,"text":138668},{"id":142619,"depth":94,"text":143175},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142699,"depth":94,"text":143177},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142791,"depth":94,"text":143179},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142855,"depth":94,"text":142856},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":143182},[143183,143185,143187,143189,143191],{"id":143036,"depth":94,"text":143184},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143048,"depth":94,"text":143186},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143088,"depth":94,"text":143188},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143095,"depth":94,"text":143190},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143110,"depth":94,"text":143192},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141250,"description":143194},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143201,"title":143202,"body":143203,"description":144657,"extension":1837,"meta":144658,"navigation":159,"path":144659,"seo":144660,"stem":144661,"__hash__":144662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143204,"toc":144627},[143205,143210,143215,143218,143220,143264,143266,143274,143279,143284,143289,143291,143309,143311,143357,143359,143373,143382,143386,143388,143390,143402,143407,143410,143442,143444,143453,143458,143461,143502,143504,143512,143514,143527,143533,143537,143540,143556,143558,143607,143609,143618,143621,143680,143682,143691,143698,143701,143754,143756,143780,143787,143793,143797,143803,143806,143817,143819,143859,143861,143869,143871,143911,143913,143922,143924,143942,143945,143952,143963,143966,143983,143985,144062,144064,144095,144098,144100,144103,144129,144131,144171,144173,144182,144192,144200,144208,144213,144218,144220,144234,144236,144287,144289,144298,144308,144310,144312,144334,144337,144416,144418,144454,144457,144532,144537,144539,144545,144550,144555,144558,144564,144567,144574,144582,144586,144594,144596,144624],[10,143206,123230,143208,11199],{"id":143207},"python-string-strip-method",[44,143209,41534],{},[14,143211,32196,143212,143214],{},[44,143213,41534],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143216,143217],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[32,143219,3482],{"id":3481},[37,143221,143223],{"className":39,"code":143222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[44,143224,143225,143238,143253],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143226,143227,143229,143231,143233,143236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143228,34568],{"class":53},[47,143230,58],{"class":57},[47,143232,136],{"class":125},[47,143234,143235],{"class":129},"  hello  ",[47,143237,3230],{"class":125},[47,143239,143240,143243,143245,143247,143249,143251],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143241,143242],{"class":53},"clean_text ",[47,143244,58],{"class":57},[47,143246,42723],{"class":53},[47,143248,30],{"class":61},[47,143250,8512],{"class":173},[47,143252,241],{"class":61},[47,143254,143255,143257,143259,143262],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143256,167],{"class":166},[47,143258,170],{"class":61},[47,143260,143261],{"class":173},"clean_text",[47,143263,80],{"class":61},[14,143265,215],{},[37,143267,143268],{"className":39,"code":138543,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,143269,143270],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143271,143272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143273,138543],{"class":53},[14,143275,1967,143276,143278],{},[44,143277,41534],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[32,143280,3550,143282,3553],{"id":143281},"what-strip-does",[44,143283,41534],{},[14,143285,143286,143288],{},[44,143287,41534],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143290,12932],{},[291,143292,143293,143297,143300,143303,143306],{},[294,143294,143295,131578],{},[44,143296,41534],{},[294,143298,143299],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[294,143301,143302],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[294,143304,143305],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[294,143307,143308],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143310,2083],{},[37,143312,143314],{"className":39,"code":143313,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[44,143315,143316,143329,143333,143347],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143317,143318,143320,143322,143324,143327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143319,34568],{"class":53},[47,143321,58],{"class":57},[47,143323,136],{"class":125},[47,143325,143326],{"class":129},"  hello world  ",[47,143328,3230],{"class":125},[47,143330,143331],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143332,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,143334,143335,143337,143339,143341,143343,143345],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143336,167],{"class":166},[47,143338,170],{"class":61},[47,143340,34589],{"class":173},[47,143342,30],{"class":61},[47,143344,8512],{"class":173},[47,143346,7068],{"class":61},[47,143348,143349,143351,143353,143355],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,143350,167],{"class":166},[47,143352,170],{"class":61},[47,143354,34589],{"class":173},[47,143356,80],{"class":61},[14,143358,215],{},[37,143360,143362],{"className":39,"code":143361,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[44,143363,143364,143368],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143365,143366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143367,134244],{"class":53},[47,143369,143370],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143371,143372],{"class":53},"  hello world\n",[14,143374,143375,143376,143378,143379,143381],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[44,143377,41534],{},", but the original ",[44,143380,34589],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143383,124980,143384,30],{},[21,143385,124983],{"href":50859},[32,143387,2032],{"id":2031},[14,143389,26364],{},[291,143391,143392,143397],{},[294,143393,143394],{},[44,143395,143396],{},"string.strip()",[294,143398,143399],{},[44,143400,143401],{},"string.strip(chars)",[773,143403,143405],{"id":143404},"stringstrip",[44,143406,143396],{},[14,143408,143409],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[37,143411,143413],{"className":39,"code":143412,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[44,143414,143415,143428],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143416,143417,143419,143421,143423,143426],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143418,7751],{"class":53},[47,143420,58],{"class":57},[47,143422,136],{"class":125},[47,143424,143425],{"class":129},"  Alice  ",[47,143427,3230],{"class":125},[47,143429,143430,143432,143434,143436,143438,143440],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143431,167],{"class":166},[47,143433,170],{"class":61},[47,143435,7542],{"class":173},[47,143437,30],{"class":61},[47,143439,8512],{"class":173},[47,143441,7068],{"class":61},[14,143443,215],{},[37,143445,143447],{"className":39,"code":143446,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Alice\n",[44,143448,143449],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143450,143451],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143452,143446],{"class":53},[773,143454,143456],{"id":143455},"stringstripchars",[44,143457,143401],{},[14,143459,143460],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[37,143462,143464],{"className":39,"code":143463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[44,143465,143466,143479],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143467,143468,143470,143472,143474,143477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143469,34568],{"class":53},[47,143471,58],{"class":57},[47,143473,136],{"class":125},[47,143475,143476],{"class":129},"!!hello??",[47,143478,3230],{"class":125},[47,143480,143481,143483,143485,143487,143489,143491,143493,143495,143498,143500],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143482,167],{"class":166},[47,143484,170],{"class":61},[47,143486,34589],{"class":173},[47,143488,30],{"class":61},[47,143490,8512],{"class":173},[47,143492,170],{"class":61},[47,143494,126],{"class":125},[47,143496,143497],{"class":129},"!?",[47,143499,126],{"class":125},[47,143501,506],{"class":61},[14,143503,215],{},[37,143505,143506],{"className":39,"code":138543,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,143507,143508],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143509,143510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143511,138543],{"class":53},[14,143513,83700],{},[291,143515,143516,143521],{},[294,143517,143518,143520],{},[44,143519,134487],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[294,143522,143523,143524,143526],{},"The order of characters in ",[44,143525,134487],{}," does not matter",[32,143528,143530,143531],{"id":143529},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[44,143532,41534],{},[14,143534,30763,143535,30],{},[44,143536,41534],{},[14,143538,143539],{},"It is useful for:",[291,143541,143542,143547,143550,143553],{},[294,143543,143544,143545,3759],{},"Cleaning ",[44,143546,2833],{},[294,143548,143549],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[294,143551,143552],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[294,143554,143555],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143557,48245],{},[37,143559,143561],{"className":39,"code":143560,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[44,143562,143563,143576,143592,143596],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143564,143565,143567,143569,143571,143574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143566,7836],{"class":53},[47,143568,58],{"class":57},[47,143570,136],{"class":125},[47,143572,143573],{"class":129},"  sam  ",[47,143575,3230],{"class":125},[47,143577,143578,143581,143583,143586,143588,143590],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143579,143580],{"class":53},"clean_username ",[47,143582,58],{"class":57},[47,143584,143585],{"class":53}," username",[47,143587,30],{"class":61},[47,143589,8512],{"class":173},[47,143591,241],{"class":61},[47,143593,143594],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143595,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,143597,143598,143600,143602,143605],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,143599,167],{"class":166},[47,143601,170],{"class":61},[47,143603,143604],{"class":173},"clean_username",[47,143606,80],{"class":61},[14,143608,215],{},[37,143610,143612],{"className":39,"code":143611,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"sam\n",[44,143613,143614],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143615,143616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143617,143611],{"class":53},[14,143619,143620],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[37,143622,143624],{"className":39,"code":143623,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[44,143625,143626,143639,143643,143665],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143627,143628,143630,143632,143634,143637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143629,136471],{"class":53},[47,143631,58],{"class":57},[47,143633,136],{"class":125},[47,143635,143636],{"class":129}," yes  ",[47,143638,3230],{"class":125},[47,143640,143641],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143642,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,143644,143645,143647,143649,143651,143653,143655,143657,143659,143661,143663],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143646,6871],{"class":3749},[47,143648,136491],{"class":53},[47,143650,30],{"class":61},[47,143652,8512],{"class":173},[47,143654,550],{"class":61},[47,143656,6283],{"class":57},[47,143658,136],{"class":125},[47,143660,8535],{"class":129},[47,143662,126],{"class":125},[47,143664,6268],{"class":61},[47,143666,143667,143669,143671,143673,143676,143678],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,143668,7944],{"class":166},[47,143670,170],{"class":61},[47,143672,126],{"class":125},[47,143674,143675],{"class":129},"Matched",[47,143677,126],{"class":125},[47,143679,80],{"class":61},[14,143681,215],{},[37,143683,143685],{"className":39,"code":143684,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Matched\n",[44,143686,143687],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143688,143689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143690,143684],{"class":53},[14,143692,143693,143694,30],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[21,143695,143697],{"href":143696},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143699,143700],{},"Example with file-style text:",[37,143702,143704],{"className":39,"code":143703,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[44,143705,143706,143722,143736],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143707,143708,143711,143713,143715,143718,143720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143709,143710],{"class":53},"line ",[47,143712,58],{"class":57},[47,143714,136],{"class":125},[47,143716,143717],{"class":129},"Python basics",[47,143719,87032],{"class":34333},[47,143721,3230],{"class":125},[47,143723,143724,143726,143728,143730,143732,143734],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143725,167],{"class":166},[47,143727,170],{"class":61},[47,143729,41660],{"class":166},[47,143731,170],{"class":61},[47,143733,49],{"class":173},[47,143735,506],{"class":61},[47,143737,143738,143740,143742,143744,143746,143748,143750,143752],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143739,167],{"class":166},[47,143741,170],{"class":61},[47,143743,41660],{"class":166},[47,143745,170],{"class":61},[47,143747,49],{"class":173},[47,143749,30],{"class":61},[47,143751,8512],{"class":173},[47,143753,6164],{"class":61},[14,143755,215],{},[37,143757,143759],{"className":39,"code":143758,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[44,143760,143761,143772],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143762,143763,143765,143767,143770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143764,256],{"class":43210},[47,143766,143717],{"class":43214},[47,143768,87032],{"class":143769},"sfi6f",[47,143771,29577],{"class":43210},[47,143773,143774,143776,143778],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143775,256],{"class":43210},[47,143777,143717],{"class":43214},[47,143779,29577],{"class":43210},[14,143781,8294,143782,143784,143785,30],{},[44,143783,122444],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[44,143786,87032],{},[14,143788,143789,143790,30],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[21,143791,143792],{"href":87685},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[32,143794,143796],{"id":143795},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143798,143799,143800,30],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[44,143801,143802],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143804,143805],{},"Python will:",[291,143807,143808,143811,143814],{},[294,143809,143810],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[294,143812,143813],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[294,143815,143816],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143818,2083],{},[37,143820,143822],{"className":39,"code":143821,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[44,143823,143824,143837],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143825,143826,143828,143830,143832,143835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143827,34568],{"class":53},[47,143829,58],{"class":57},[47,143831,136],{"class":125},[47,143833,143834],{"class":129},"??hello!!",[47,143836,3230],{"class":125},[47,143838,143839,143841,143843,143845,143847,143849,143851,143853,143855,143857],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143840,167],{"class":166},[47,143842,170],{"class":61},[47,143844,34589],{"class":173},[47,143846,30],{"class":61},[47,143848,8512],{"class":173},[47,143850,170],{"class":61},[47,143852,126],{"class":125},[47,143854,143497],{"class":129},[47,143856,126],{"class":125},[47,143858,506],{"class":61},[14,143860,215],{},[37,143862,143863],{"className":39,"code":138543,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,143864,143865],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143866,143867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143868,138543],{"class":53},[14,143870,51964],{},[37,143872,143874],{"className":39,"code":143873,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[44,143875,143876,143889],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143877,143878,143880,143882,143884,143887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143879,34568],{"class":53},[47,143881,58],{"class":57},[47,143883,136],{"class":125},[47,143885,143886],{"class":129},"abcHelloCba",[47,143888,3230],{"class":125},[47,143890,143891,143893,143895,143897,143899,143901,143903,143905,143907,143909],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143892,167],{"class":166},[47,143894,170],{"class":61},[47,143896,34589],{"class":173},[47,143898,30],{"class":61},[47,143900,8512],{"class":173},[47,143902,170],{"class":61},[47,143904,126],{"class":125},[47,143906,1129],{"class":129},[47,143908,126],{"class":125},[47,143910,506],{"class":61},[14,143912,215],{},[37,143914,143916],{"className":39,"code":143915,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"HelloC\n",[44,143917,143918],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143919,143920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143921,143915],{"class":53},[14,143923,6109],{},[14,143925,143926,13932,143929,143931,143932,143934,143935,2064,143937,2068,143939,143941],{},[44,143927,143928],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[575,143930,577],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[44,143933,1129],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[44,143936,21],{},[44,143938,139],{},[44,143940,148],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,143943,143944],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,143946,143947,143948,6504],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[21,143949,143950],{"href":129809},[44,143951,124401],{},[32,143953,143955,10461,143957,10461,143960],{"id":143954},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[44,143956,41534],{},[44,143958,143959],{},"lstrip()",[44,143961,143962],{},"rstrip()",[14,143964,143965],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[291,143967,143968,143973,143978],{},[294,143969,143970,143972],{},[44,143971,41534],{}," removes from both ends",[294,143974,143975,143977],{},[44,143976,143959],{}," removes from the left side only",[294,143979,143980,143982],{},[44,143981,143962],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,143984,2083],{},[37,143986,143988],{"className":39,"code":143987,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[44,143989,143990,144002,144006,144024,144043],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,143991,143992,143994,143996,143998,144000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143993,34568],{"class":53},[47,143995,58],{"class":57},[47,143997,136],{"class":125},[47,143999,143235],{"class":129},[47,144001,3230],{"class":125},[47,144003,144004],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144005,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,144007,144008,144010,144012,144014,144016,144018,144020,144022],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,144009,167],{"class":166},[47,144011,170],{"class":61},[47,144013,41660],{"class":166},[47,144015,170],{"class":61},[47,144017,34589],{"class":173},[47,144019,30],{"class":61},[47,144021,8512],{"class":173},[47,144023,6164],{"class":61},[47,144025,144026,144028,144030,144032,144034,144036,144038,144041],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,144027,167],{"class":166},[47,144029,170],{"class":61},[47,144031,41660],{"class":166},[47,144033,170],{"class":61},[47,144035,34589],{"class":173},[47,144037,30],{"class":61},[47,144039,144040],{"class":173},"lstrip",[47,144042,6164],{"class":61},[47,144044,144045,144047,144049,144051,144053,144055,144057,144060],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,144046,167],{"class":166},[47,144048,170],{"class":61},[47,144050,41660],{"class":166},[47,144052,170],{"class":61},[47,144054,34589],{"class":173},[47,144056,30],{"class":61},[47,144058,144059],{"class":173},"rstrip",[47,144061,6164],{"class":61},[14,144063,215],{},[37,144065,144067],{"className":39,"code":144066,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[44,144068,144069,144077,144086],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144070,144071,144073,144075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144072,256],{"class":43210},[47,144074,3718],{"class":43214},[47,144076,29577],{"class":43210},[47,144078,144079,144081,144084],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144080,256],{"class":43210},[47,144082,144083],{"class":43214},"hello  ",[47,144085,29577],{"class":43210},[47,144087,144088,144090,144093],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,144089,256],{"class":43210},[47,144091,144092],{"class":43214},"  hello",[47,144094,29577],{"class":43210},[14,144096,144097],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[32,144099,108238],{"id":108237},[14,144101,144102],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[291,144104,144105,144113,144123,144126],{},[294,144106,144107,144109,144110,144112],{},[44,144108,143928],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[44,144111,41411],{}," once",[294,144114,144115,144116,2064,144118,2068,144120,144122],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[44,144117,21],{},[44,144119,139],{},[44,144121,148],{}," from both ends",[294,144124,144125],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[294,144127,144128],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144130,2083],{},[37,144132,144134],{"className":39,"code":144133,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[44,144135,144136,144149],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144137,144138,144140,144142,144144,144147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144139,126311],{"class":53},[47,144141,58],{"class":57},[47,144143,136],{"class":125},[47,144145,144146],{"class":129},"txt_report.txt",[47,144148,3230],{"class":125},[47,144150,144151,144153,144155,144157,144159,144161,144163,144165,144167,144169],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144152,167],{"class":166},[47,144154,170],{"class":61},[47,144156,126329],{"class":173},[47,144158,30],{"class":61},[47,144160,8512],{"class":173},[47,144162,170],{"class":61},[47,144164,126],{"class":125},[47,144166,126364],{"class":129},[47,144168,126],{"class":125},[47,144170,506],{"class":61},[14,144172,215],{},[37,144174,144176],{"className":39,"code":144175,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"_report\n",[44,144177,144178],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144179,144180],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144181,144175],{"class":53},[14,144183,144184,144185,2064,144187,2068,144189,144191],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[44,144186,30],{},[44,144188,63166],{},[44,144190,2049],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144193,53538,144194,4658,144197,144199],{},[44,144195,144196],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[575,144198,577],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144201,144202,144203,144207],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[21,144204,144205],{"href":129809},[44,144206,124401],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[32,144209,4836,144211],{"id":144210},"when-to-use-strip",[44,144212,41534],{},[14,144214,1967,144215,144217],{},[44,144216,41534],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144219,36307],{},[291,144221,144222,144226,144228,144231],{},[294,144223,143544,144224,3759],{},[44,144225,2833],{},[294,144227,143549],{},[294,144229,144230],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[294,144232,144233],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144235,2083],{},[37,144237,144239],{"className":39,"code":144238,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[44,144240,144241,144255,144259,144272],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144242,144243,144246,144248,144250,144253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144244,144245],{"class":53},"email ",[47,144247,58],{"class":57},[47,144249,136],{"class":125},[47,144251,144252],{"class":129},"  user@example.com  ",[47,144254,3230],{"class":125},[47,144256,144257],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144258,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,144260,144261,144263,144266,144268,144270],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,144262,6871],{"class":3749},[47,144264,144265],{"class":53}," email",[47,144267,30],{"class":61},[47,144269,8512],{"class":173},[47,144271,21471],{"class":61},[47,144273,144274,144276,144278,144280,144283,144285],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,144275,7944],{"class":166},[47,144277,170],{"class":61},[47,144279,126],{"class":125},[47,144281,144282],{"class":129},"Email was entered",[47,144284,126],{"class":125},[47,144286,80],{"class":61},[14,144288,215],{},[37,144290,144292],{"className":39,"code":144291,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Email was entered\n",[44,144293,144294],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144295,144296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144297,144291],{"class":53},[14,144299,144300,144301,144303,144304,30],{},"You may also combine ",[44,144302,41534],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[21,144305,144306],{"href":123957},[44,144307,123960],{},[32,144309,1284],{"id":1283},[14,144311,84119],{},[291,144313,144314,144318,144323,144328],{},[294,144315,8330,144316,131448],{},[44,144317,41534],{},[294,144319,8330,144320,144322],{},[44,144321,41534],{}," to remove text from the middle",[294,144324,8294,144325,144327],{},[44,144326,144196],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[294,144329,4579,144330,144333],{},[44,144331,144332],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144335,144336],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[37,144338,144340],{"className":39,"code":144339,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[44,144341,144342,144356,144360,144370,144384,144398],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144343,144344,144346,144348,144350,144352,144354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144345,34568],{"class":53},[47,144347,58],{"class":57},[47,144349,136],{"class":125},[47,144351,144092],{"class":129},[47,144353,87032],{"class":34333},[47,144355,3230],{"class":125},[47,144357,144358],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144359,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,144361,144362,144364,144366,144368],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,144363,167],{"class":166},[47,144365,170],{"class":61},[47,144367,34589],{"class":173},[47,144369,80],{"class":61},[47,144371,144372,144374,144376,144378,144380,144382],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,144373,167],{"class":166},[47,144375,170],{"class":61},[47,144377,41660],{"class":166},[47,144379,170],{"class":61},[47,144381,34589],{"class":173},[47,144383,506],{"class":61},[47,144385,144386,144388,144390,144392,144394,144396],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,144387,167],{"class":166},[47,144389,170],{"class":61},[47,144391,34589],{"class":173},[47,144393,30],{"class":61},[47,144395,8512],{"class":173},[47,144397,7068],{"class":61},[47,144399,144400,144402,144404,144406,144408,144410,144412,144414],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,144401,167],{"class":166},[47,144403,170],{"class":61},[47,144405,41660],{"class":166},[47,144407,170],{"class":61},[47,144409,34589],{"class":173},[47,144411,30],{"class":61},[47,144413,8512],{"class":173},[47,144415,6164],{"class":61},[14,144417,215],{},[37,144419,144421],{"className":39,"code":144420,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[44,144422,144423,144428,144432,144442,144446],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144424,144425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144426,144427],{"class":53},"  hello\n",[47,144429,144430],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144431,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,144433,144434,144436,144438,144440],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,144435,256],{"class":43210},[47,144437,144092],{"class":43214},[47,144439,87032],{"class":143769},[47,144441,29577],{"class":43210},[47,144443,144444],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,144445,138543],{"class":53},[47,144447,144448,144450,144452],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,144449,256],{"class":43210},[47,144451,3718],{"class":43214},[47,144453,29577],{"class":43210},[14,144455,144456],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[37,144458,144460],{"className":39,"code":144459,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[44,144461,144462,144472,144486,144500,144518],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144463,144464,144466,144468,144470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144465,167],{"class":166},[47,144467,170],{"class":61},[47,144469,34589],{"class":173},[47,144471,80],{"class":61},[47,144473,144474,144476,144478,144480,144482,144484],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144475,167],{"class":166},[47,144477,170],{"class":61},[47,144479,41660],{"class":166},[47,144481,170],{"class":61},[47,144483,34589],{"class":173},[47,144485,506],{"class":61},[47,144487,144488,144490,144492,144494,144496,144498],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,144489,167],{"class":166},[47,144491,170],{"class":61},[47,144493,34589],{"class":173},[47,144495,30],{"class":61},[47,144497,8512],{"class":173},[47,144499,7068],{"class":61},[47,144501,144502,144504,144506,144508,144510,144512,144514,144516],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,144503,167],{"class":166},[47,144505,170],{"class":61},[47,144507,41660],{"class":166},[47,144509,170],{"class":61},[47,144511,34589],{"class":173},[47,144513,30],{"class":61},[47,144515,8512],{"class":173},[47,144517,6164],{"class":61},[47,144519,144520,144522,144524,144526,144528,144530],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,144521,32031],{"class":166},[47,144523,170],{"class":61},[47,144525,3315],{"class":118},[47,144527,30],{"class":61},[47,144529,8512],{"class":24626},[47,144531,80],{"class":61},[14,144533,144534,144536],{},[44,144535,122444],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[32,144538,1708],{"id":1707},[773,144540,12584,144542,144544],{"id":144541},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[44,144543,41534],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144546,46248,144547,144549],{},[44,144548,41534],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[773,144551,12584,144553,124557],{"id":144552},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[44,144554,41534],{},[14,144556,144557],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[773,144559,1744,144561,144563],{"id":144560},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[44,144562,41534],{}," remove by default?",[14,144565,144566],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[773,144568,34085,144570,34088,144572,2368],{"id":144569},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[44,144571,41534],{},[44,144573,124401],{},[14,144575,144576,144578,144579,144581],{},[44,144577,41534],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[44,144580,124401],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[773,144583,144585],{"id":144584},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144587,128101,144588,144590,144591,144593],{},[44,144589,143959],{}," for the left side and ",[44,144592,143962],{}," for the right side.",[32,144595,1758],{"id":1757},[291,144597,144598,144604,144610,144615,144620],{},[294,144599,144600],{},[21,144601,126228,144602,10617],{"href":123957},[44,144603,123960],{},[294,144605,144606],{},[21,144607,126228,144608,10617],{"href":129809},[44,144609,124401],{},[294,144611,144612],{},[21,144613,144614],{"href":143696},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[294,144616,144617],{},[21,144618,144619],{"href":87685},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[294,144621,144622],{},[21,144623,124983],{"href":50859},[1796,144625,144626],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":144628},[144629,144630,144632,144636,144638,144639,144641,144642,144644,144645,144656],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":143281,"depth":83,"text":144631},"What strip() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032,"children":144633},[144634,144635],{"id":143404,"depth":94,"text":143396},{"id":143455,"depth":94,"text":143401},{"id":143529,"depth":83,"text":144637},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143795,"depth":83,"text":143796},{"id":143954,"depth":83,"text":144640},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108237,"depth":83,"text":108238},{"id":144210,"depth":83,"text":144643},"When to use strip()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":144646},[144647,144649,144651,144653,144655],{"id":144541,"depth":94,"text":144648},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144552,"depth":94,"text":144650},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144560,"depth":94,"text":144652},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144569,"depth":94,"text":144654},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144584,"depth":94,"text":144585},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143202,"description":144657},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144664,"title":144665,"body":144666,"description":145846,"extension":1837,"meta":145847,"navigation":159,"path":145848,"seo":145849,"stem":145850,"__hash__":145851},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144667,"toc":145816},[144668,144673,144678,144683,144685,144731,144739,144744,144758,144764,144766,144768,144783,144785,144795,144798,144829,144832,144855,144857,144860,144917,144919,144933,144935,144949,144955,144960,144963,145004,145006,145015,145023,145026,145071,145073,145082,145085,145089,145094,145108,145110,145142,145144,145164,145167,145172,145177,145179,145190,145193,145250,145252,145260,145269,145271,145273,145279,145281,145318,145320,145328,145330,145371,145373,145382,145387,145392,145394,145421,145428,145431,145462,145464,145473,145479,145488,145519,145521,145533,145546,145550,145555,145585,145587,145654,145656,145666,145668,145673,145676,145681,145686,145690,145696,145702,145705,145707,145765,145767,145775,145777,145813],[10,144669,123230,144671,11199],{"id":144670},"python-string-upper-method",[44,144672,128106],{},[14,144674,123235,144675,144677],{},[44,144676,128106],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144679,84496,144680,144682],{},[44,144681,128106],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[32,144684,35],{"id":34},[37,144686,144688],{"className":39,"code":144687,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[44,144689,144690,144702,144716,144726],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144691,144692,144694,144696,144698,144700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144693,34568],{"class":53},[47,144695,58],{"class":57},[47,144697,136],{"class":125},[47,144699,128947],{"class":129},[47,144701,3230],{"class":125},[47,144703,144704,144706,144708,144710,144712,144714],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144705,2106],{"class":53},[47,144707,58],{"class":57},[47,144709,42723],{"class":53},[47,144711,30],{"class":61},[47,144713,34358],{"class":173},[47,144715,241],{"class":61},[47,144717,144718,144720,144722,144724],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,144719,167],{"class":166},[47,144721,170],{"class":61},[47,144723,2141],{"class":173},[47,144725,80],{"class":61},[47,144727,144728],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,144729,144730],{"class":1494},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144732,144733,144735,144736,144738],{},[44,144734,128106],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[575,144737,577],{}," change the original string in place.",[32,144740,3550,144742,3553],{"id":144741},"what-upper-does",[44,144743,128106],{},[291,144745,144746,144751,144754,144756],{},[294,144747,144748,144750],{},[44,144749,128106],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[294,144752,144753],{},"It works on string values only",[294,144755,133476],{},[294,144757,136194],{},[14,144759,124980,144760,25,144762,30],{},[21,144761,136200],{"href":136199},[21,144763,124983],{"href":50859},[32,144765,2032],{"id":2031},[14,144767,2035],{},[37,144769,144771],{"className":39,"code":144770,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.upper()\n",[44,144772,144773],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144774,144775,144777,144779,144781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144776,61055],{"class":53},[47,144778,30],{"class":61},[47,144780,34358],{"class":173},[47,144782,241],{"class":61},[14,144784,11336],{},[291,144786,144787,144789,144792],{},[294,144788,97407],{},[294,144790,144791],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[294,144793,144794],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144796,144797],{},"Example with a variable:",[37,144799,144801],{"className":39,"code":144800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[44,144802,144803,144815],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144804,144805,144807,144809,144811,144813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144806,7751],{"class":53},[47,144808,58],{"class":57},[47,144810,136],{"class":125},[47,144812,41],{"class":129},[47,144814,3230],{"class":125},[47,144816,144817,144819,144821,144823,144825,144827],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144818,167],{"class":166},[47,144820,170],{"class":61},[47,144822,7542],{"class":173},[47,144824,30],{"class":61},[47,144826,34358],{"class":173},[47,144828,7068],{"class":61},[14,144830,144831],{},"Example with a string literal:",[37,144833,144835],{"className":39,"code":144834,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[44,144836,144837],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144838,144839,144841,144843,144845,144847,144849,144851,144853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144840,167],{"class":166},[47,144842,170],{"class":61},[47,144844,126],{"class":125},[47,144846,3718],{"class":129},[47,144848,126],{"class":125},[47,144850,30],{"class":61},[47,144852,34358],{"class":173},[47,144854,7068],{"class":61},[32,144856,11353],{"id":11352},[14,144858,144859],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[37,144861,144863],{"className":39,"code":144862,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[44,144864,144865,144877,144892,144896,144906],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144866,144867,144869,144871,144873,144875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144868,1589],{"class":53},[47,144870,58],{"class":57},[47,144872,136],{"class":125},[47,144874,3960],{"class":129},[47,144876,3230],{"class":125},[47,144878,144879,144882,144884,144886,144888,144890],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144880,144881],{"class":53},"uppercase_word ",[47,144883,58],{"class":57},[47,144885,38262],{"class":53},[47,144887,30],{"class":61},[47,144889,34358],{"class":173},[47,144891,241],{"class":61},[47,144893,144894],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,144895,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,144897,144898,144900,144902,144904],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,144899,167],{"class":166},[47,144901,170],{"class":61},[47,144903,1610],{"class":173},[47,144905,80],{"class":61},[47,144907,144908,144910,144912,144915],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,144909,167],{"class":166},[47,144911,170],{"class":61},[47,144913,144914],{"class":173},"uppercase_word",[47,144916,80],{"class":61},[14,144918,215],{},[37,144920,144922],{"className":39,"code":144921,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"banana\nBANANA\n",[44,144923,144924,144928],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144925,144926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144927,70285],{"class":53},[47,144929,144930],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144931,144932],{"class":34333},"BANANA\n",[14,144934,112344],{},[291,144936,144937,144942],{},[294,144938,144939,144941],{},[44,144940,1610],{}," keeps its original value",[294,144943,144944,144946,144947],{},[44,144945,144914],{}," stores the returned value from ",[44,144948,128106],{},[32,144950,144952,144954],{"id":144951},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[44,144953,128106],{}," does not change the original string",[14,144956,136860,144957,144959],{},[575,144958,136863],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,144961,144962],{},"So this method:",[37,144964,144966],{"className":39,"code":144965,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[44,144967,144968,144980,144990,144994],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,144969,144970,144972,144974,144976,144978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144971,7751],{"class":53},[47,144973,58],{"class":57},[47,144975,136],{"class":125},[47,144977,17679],{"class":129},[47,144979,3230],{"class":125},[47,144981,144982,144984,144986,144988],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144983,7542],{"class":53},[47,144985,30],{"class":61},[47,144987,34358],{"class":173},[47,144989,241],{"class":61},[47,144991,144992],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,144993,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,144995,144996,144998,145000,145002],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,144997,167],{"class":166},[47,144999,170],{"class":61},[47,145001,7542],{"class":173},[47,145003,80],{"class":61},[14,145005,215],{},[37,145007,145009],{"className":39,"code":145008,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"alice\n",[44,145010,145011],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145012,145013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145014,145008],{"class":53},[14,145016,20853,145017,145019,145020,145022],{},[44,145018,128106],{}," was called, ",[44,145021,7542],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,145024,145025],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[37,145027,145029],{"className":39,"code":145028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[44,145030,145031,145043,145057,145061],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145032,145033,145035,145037,145039,145041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145034,7751],{"class":53},[47,145036,58],{"class":57},[47,145038,136],{"class":125},[47,145040,17679],{"class":129},[47,145042,3230],{"class":125},[47,145044,145045,145047,145049,145051,145053,145055],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145046,7751],{"class":53},[47,145048,58],{"class":57},[47,145050,35874],{"class":53},[47,145052,30],{"class":61},[47,145054,34358],{"class":173},[47,145056,241],{"class":61},[47,145058,145059],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,145060,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,145062,145063,145065,145067,145069],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,145064,167],{"class":166},[47,145066,170],{"class":61},[47,145068,7542],{"class":173},[47,145070,80],{"class":61},[14,145072,215],{},[37,145074,145076],{"className":39,"code":145075,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ALICE\n",[44,145077,145078],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145079,145080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145081,145075],{"class":34333},[14,145083,145084],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[32,145086,145088],{"id":145087},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145090,145091,145093],{},[44,145092,128106],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[291,145095,145096,145099,145102,145105],{},[294,145097,145098],{},"Numbers stay the same",[294,145100,145101],{},"Spaces stay the same",[294,145103,145104],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[294,145106,145107],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145109,2083],{},[37,145111,145113],{"className":39,"code":145112,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[44,145114,145115,145128],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145116,145117,145119,145121,145123,145126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145118,34568],{"class":53},[47,145120,58],{"class":57},[47,145122,136],{"class":125},[47,145124,145125],{"class":129},"Room 7, table #3!",[47,145127,3230],{"class":125},[47,145129,145130,145132,145134,145136,145138,145140],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145131,167],{"class":166},[47,145133,170],{"class":61},[47,145135,34589],{"class":173},[47,145137,30],{"class":61},[47,145139,34358],{"class":173},[47,145141,7068],{"class":61},[14,145143,215],{},[37,145145,145147],{"className":39,"code":145146,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[44,145148,145149],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145150,145151,145154,145156,145158,145161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145152,145153],{"class":34333},"ROOM",[47,145155,5868],{"class":65},[47,145157,69],{"class":61},[47,145159,145160],{"class":34333}," TABLE",[47,145162,145163],{"class":1494}," #3!\n",[14,145165,145166],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[32,145168,4836,145170],{"id":145169},"when-to-use-upper",[44,145171,128106],{},[14,145173,145174,145176],{},[44,145175,128106],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145178,48223],{},[291,145180,145181,145184,145187],{},[294,145182,145183],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[294,145185,145186],{},"Format labels or headings",[294,145188,145189],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145191,145192],{},"Example: simple comparison",[37,145194,145196],{"className":39,"code":145195,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[44,145197,145198,145210,145214,145236],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145199,145200,145202,145204,145206,145208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145201,136471],{"class":53},[47,145203,58],{"class":57},[47,145205,136],{"class":125},[47,145207,8535],{"class":129},[47,145209,3230],{"class":125},[47,145211,145212],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145213,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,145215,145216,145218,145220,145222,145224,145226,145228,145230,145232,145234],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,145217,6871],{"class":3749},[47,145219,136491],{"class":53},[47,145221,30],{"class":61},[47,145223,34358],{"class":173},[47,145225,550],{"class":61},[47,145227,6283],{"class":57},[47,145229,136],{"class":125},[47,145231,136478],{"class":129},[47,145233,126],{"class":125},[47,145235,6268],{"class":61},[47,145237,145238,145240,145242,145244,145246,145248],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,145239,7944],{"class":166},[47,145241,170],{"class":61},[47,145243,126],{"class":125},[47,145245,143675],{"class":129},[47,145247,126],{"class":125},[47,145249,80],{"class":61},[14,145251,215],{},[37,145253,145254],{"className":39,"code":143684,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,145255,145256],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145257,145258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145259,143684],{"class":53},[14,145261,145262,145263,2064,145265,2068,145267,30],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[44,145264,8535],{},[44,145266,137264],{},[44,145268,136478],{},[32,145270,1284],{"id":1283},[773,145272,95768],{"id":95767},[14,145274,7992,145275,145278],{},[44,145276,145277],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145280,744],{},[37,145282,145284],{"className":39,"code":145283,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[44,145285,145286,145298,145308],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145287,145288,145290,145292,145294,145296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145289,34568],{"class":53},[47,145291,58],{"class":57},[47,145293,136],{"class":125},[47,145295,3718],{"class":129},[47,145297,3230],{"class":125},[47,145299,145300,145302,145304,145306],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145301,34589],{"class":53},[47,145303,30],{"class":61},[47,145305,34358],{"class":173},[47,145307,241],{"class":61},[47,145309,145310,145312,145314,145316],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,145311,167],{"class":166},[47,145313,170],{"class":61},[47,145315,34589],{"class":173},[47,145317,80],{"class":61},[14,145319,215],{},[37,145321,145322],{"className":39,"code":138543,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,145323,145324],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145325,145326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145327,138543],{"class":53},[14,145329,724],{},[37,145331,145333],{"className":39,"code":145332,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[44,145334,145335,145347,145361],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145336,145337,145339,145341,145343,145345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145338,34568],{"class":53},[47,145340,58],{"class":57},[47,145342,136],{"class":125},[47,145344,3718],{"class":129},[47,145346,3230],{"class":125},[47,145348,145349,145351,145353,145355,145357,145359],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145350,34568],{"class":53},[47,145352,58],{"class":57},[47,145354,42723],{"class":53},[47,145356,30],{"class":61},[47,145358,34358],{"class":173},[47,145360,241],{"class":61},[47,145362,145363,145365,145367,145369],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,145364,167],{"class":166},[47,145366,170],{"class":61},[47,145368,34589],{"class":173},[47,145370,80],{"class":61},[14,145372,215],{},[37,145374,145376],{"className":39,"code":145375,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"HELLO\n",[44,145377,145378],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145379,145380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145381,145375],{"class":34333},[773,145383,18784,145385,137150],{"id":145384},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[44,145386,128106],{},[14,145388,145389,145391],{},[44,145390,128106],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145393,2083],{},[37,145395,145397],{"className":39,"code":145396,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[44,145398,145399,145407],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145400,145401,145403,145405],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145402,2093],{"class":53},[47,145404,58],{"class":57},[47,145406,124910],{"class":65},[47,145408,145409,145411,145413,145415,145417,145419],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145410,167],{"class":166},[47,145412,170],{"class":61},[47,145414,2116],{"class":173},[47,145416,30],{"class":61},[47,145418,34358],{"class":173},[47,145420,7068],{"class":61},[14,145422,39534,145423,145425,145426,33480],{},[44,145424,644],{}," objects do not have an ",[44,145427,128106],{},[14,145429,145430],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[37,145432,145434],{"className":39,"code":145433,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[44,145435,145436,145444],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145437,145438,145440,145442],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145439,2093],{"class":53},[47,145441,58],{"class":57},[47,145443,124910],{"class":65},[47,145445,145446,145448,145450,145452,145454,145456,145458,145460],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145447,167],{"class":166},[47,145449,170],{"class":61},[47,145451,3315],{"class":118},[47,145453,170],{"class":61},[47,145455,2116],{"class":173},[47,145457,8509],{"class":61},[47,145459,34358],{"class":173},[47,145461,7068],{"class":61},[14,145463,215],{},[37,145465,145467],{"className":39,"code":145466,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"123\n",[44,145468,145469],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145470,145471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145472,145466],{"class":65},[773,145474,1502,145476,145478],{"id":145475},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[44,145477,128106],{}," with title case",[14,145480,145481,145483,145484,145487],{},[44,145482,128106],{}," makes ",[575,145485,145486],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[37,145489,145491],{"className":39,"code":145490,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[44,145492,145493,145505],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145494,145495,145497,145499,145501,145503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145496,34568],{"class":53},[47,145498,58],{"class":57},[47,145500,136],{"class":125},[47,145502,60287],{"class":129},[47,145504,3230],{"class":125},[47,145506,145507,145509,145511,145513,145515,145517],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145508,167],{"class":166},[47,145510,170],{"class":61},[47,145512,34589],{"class":173},[47,145514,30],{"class":61},[47,145516,34358],{"class":173},[47,145518,7068],{"class":61},[14,145520,215],{},[37,145522,145524],{"className":39,"code":145523,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"HELLO WORLD\n",[44,145525,145526],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145527,145528,145530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145529,136252],{"class":34333},[47,145531,145532],{"class":34333}," WORLD\n",[14,145534,145535,145536,145540,145541,145545],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[21,145537,145538],{"href":123957},[44,145539,123960],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[21,145542,145543],{"href":129809},[44,145544,124401],{}," changes parts of a string.",[32,145547,145549],{"id":145548},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145551,145552,145553,2760],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[44,145554,128106],{},[291,145556,145557,145564,145571,145578],{},[294,145558,145559,145563],{},[21,145560,145561],{"href":123957},[44,145562,123960],{}," for lowercase text",[294,145565,145566,145570],{},[21,145567,145568],{"href":136798},[44,145569,41534],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[294,145572,145573,145577],{},[21,145574,145575],{"href":129809},[44,145576,124401],{}," for changing parts of a string",[294,145579,145580,4267,145582,145584],{},[44,145581,127596],{},[44,145583,126286],{}," for checks",[14,145586,2083],{},[37,145588,145590],{"className":39,"code":145589,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[44,145591,145592,145604,145608,145623,145639,145643],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145593,145594,145596,145598,145600,145602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145595,34568],{"class":53},[47,145597,58],{"class":57},[47,145599,136],{"class":125},[47,145601,143326],{"class":129},[47,145603,3230],{"class":125},[47,145605,145606],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145607,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,145609,145610,145613,145615,145617,145619,145621],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,145611,145612],{"class":53},"cleaned ",[47,145614,58],{"class":57},[47,145616,42723],{"class":53},[47,145618,30],{"class":61},[47,145620,8512],{"class":173},[47,145622,241],{"class":61},[47,145624,145625,145628,145630,145633,145635,145637],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,145626,145627],{"class":53},"loud ",[47,145629,58],{"class":57},[47,145631,145632],{"class":53}," cleaned",[47,145634,30],{"class":61},[47,145636,34358],{"class":173},[47,145638,241],{"class":61},[47,145640,145641],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,145642,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,145644,145645,145647,145649,145652],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,145646,167],{"class":166},[47,145648,170],{"class":61},[47,145650,145651],{"class":173},"loud",[47,145653,80],{"class":61},[14,145655,215],{},[37,145657,145658],{"className":39,"code":145523,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,145659,145660],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145661,145662,145664],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145663,136252],{"class":34333},[47,145665,145532],{"class":34333},[32,145667,1708],{"id":1707},[773,145669,12584,145671,124557],{"id":145670},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[44,145672,128106],{},[14,145674,145675],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[773,145677,12584,145679,137532],{"id":145678},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[44,145680,128106],{},[14,145682,145683,145684,30],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[44,145685,145277],{},[773,145687,145689],{"id":145688},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145691,145692,145693,145695],{},"They stay the same. ",[44,145694,128106],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[773,145697,28206,145699,145701],{"id":145698},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[44,145700,128106],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145703,145704],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145706,2083],{},[37,145708,145710],{"className":39,"code":145709,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[44,145711,145712,145724,145737,145741],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145713,145714,145716,145718,145720,145722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145715,2430],{"class":53},[47,145717,58],{"class":57},[47,145719,136],{"class":125},[47,145721,41],{"class":129},[47,145723,3230],{"class":125},[47,145725,145726,145728,145730,145732,145735],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145727,2458],{"class":53},[47,145729,58],{"class":57},[47,145731,136],{"class":125},[47,145733,145734],{"class":129},"PYTHON",[47,145736,3230],{"class":125},[47,145738,145739],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,145740,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,145742,145743,145745,145747,145749,145751,145753,145755,145757,145759,145761,145763],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,145744,167],{"class":166},[47,145746,170],{"class":61},[47,145748,21],{"class":173},[47,145750,30],{"class":61},[47,145752,34358],{"class":173},[47,145754,550],{"class":61},[47,145756,6283],{"class":57},[47,145758,2435],{"class":173},[47,145760,30],{"class":61},[47,145762,34358],{"class":173},[47,145764,7068],{"class":61},[14,145766,215],{},[37,145768,145769],{"className":39,"code":3852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,145770,145771],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145772,145773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145774,3852],{"class":412},[32,145776,1758],{"id":1757},[291,145778,145779,145783,145789,145795,145801,145805,145809],{},[294,145780,145781],{},[21,145782,124983],{"href":50859},[294,145784,145785],{},[21,145786,126228,145787,10617],{"href":123957},[44,145788,123960],{},[294,145790,145791],{},[21,145792,126228,145793,10617],{"href":136798},[44,145794,41534],{},[294,145796,145797],{},[21,145798,126228,145799,10617],{"href":129809},[44,145800,124401],{},[294,145802,145803],{},[21,145804,90562],{"href":89571},[294,145806,145807],{},[21,145808,124629],{"href":123485},[294,145810,145811],{},[21,145812,137618],{"href":136199},[1796,145814,145815],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":145817},[145818,145819,145821,145822,145823,145825,145826,145828,145835,145836,145845],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":144741,"depth":83,"text":145820},"What upper() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":144951,"depth":83,"text":145824},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145087,"depth":83,"text":145088},{"id":145169,"depth":83,"text":145827},"When to use upper()",{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":145829},[145830,145831,145833],{"id":95767,"depth":94,"text":95768},{"id":145384,"depth":94,"text":145832},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145475,"depth":94,"text":145834},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145548,"depth":83,"text":145549},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":145837},[145838,145840,145842,145843],{"id":145670,"depth":94,"text":145839},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145678,"depth":94,"text":145841},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145688,"depth":94,"text":145689},{"id":145698,"depth":94,"text":145844},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144665,"description":145846},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145853,"title":145854,"body":145855,"description":147732,"extension":1837,"meta":147733,"navigation":159,"path":147734,"seo":147735,"stem":147736,"__hash__":147737},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145856,"toc":147682},[145857,145863,145870,145876,145878,145934,145939,145944,145949,145952,145971,145974,145976,146000,146018,146029,146031,146034,146087,146089,146097,146099,146117,146122,146125,146182,146184,146193,146196,146216,146219,146225,146230,146232,146275,146277,146285,146288,146329,146331,146340,146346,146352,146379,146381,146389,146394,146398,146410,146453,146455,146463,146468,146474,146479,146483,146485,146528,146531,146578,146580,146589,146596,146600,146603,146649,146654,146658,146660,146703,146706,146714,146716,146721,146723,146725,146744,146747,146759,146761,146780,146782,146790,146794,146796,146847,146850,146925,146927,146935,146938,146942,146944,146991,146994,147065,147067,147075,147081,147083,147158,147162,147241,147243,147251,147257,147263,147268,147273,147322,147326,147397,147400,147405,147416,147419,147430,147440,147442,147447,147472,147477,147558,147560,147585,147587,147592,147595,147601,147610,147616,147619,147625,147631,147638,147641,147643,147679],[10,145858,3448,145860,3452],{"id":145859},"python-sum-function-explained",[44,145861,145862],{},"sum()",[14,145864,9001,145865,145867,145868,24640],{},[44,145866,145862],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[44,145869,1205],{},[14,145871,145872,145873,145875],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[44,145874,35955],{}," value and a few important limits.",[32,145877,35],{"id":34},[37,145879,145881],{"className":39,"code":145880,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[44,145882,145883,145907,145922],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145884,145885,145887,145889,145891,145893,145895,145897,145899,145901,145903,145905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145886,54],{"class":53},[47,145888,58],{"class":57},[47,145890,957],{"class":61},[47,145892,66],{"class":65},[47,145894,69],{"class":61},[47,145896,72],{"class":65},[47,145898,69],{"class":61},[47,145900,77],{"class":65},[47,145902,69],{"class":61},[47,145904,2333],{"class":65},[47,145906,1402],{"class":61},[47,145908,145909,145911,145913,145916,145918,145920],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145910,41064],{"class":53},[47,145912,58],{"class":57},[47,145914,145915],{"class":166}," sum",[47,145917,170],{"class":61},[47,145919,174],{"class":173},[47,145921,80],{"class":61},[47,145923,145924,145926,145928,145930,145932],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,145925,167],{"class":166},[47,145927,170],{"class":61},[47,145929,41093],{"class":173},[47,145931,3533],{"class":61},[47,145933,26672],{"class":1494},[14,145935,1967,145936,145938],{},[44,145937,145862],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[32,145940,3550,145942,3553],{"id":145941},"what-sum-does",[44,145943,145862],{},[14,145945,145946,145948],{},[44,145947,145862],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,145950,145951],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[291,145953,145954,145957,145960,145965],{},[294,145955,145956],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[294,145958,145959],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[294,145961,145962,145963],{},"Adding numbers from ",[44,145964,36079],{},[294,145966,145967,145968,145970],{},"Counting ",[44,145969,3477],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,145972,145973],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[32,145975,2032],{"id":2031},[37,145977,145979],{"className":39,"code":145978,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[44,145980,145981],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,145982,145983,145986,145988,145990,145992,145994,145996,145998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145984,145985],{"class":166},"sum",[47,145987,170],{"class":61},[47,145989,3594],{"class":173},[47,145991,69],{"class":61},[47,145993,35934],{"class":9053},[47,145995,58],{"class":57},[47,145997,1237],{"class":65},[47,145999,80],{"class":61},[291,146001,146002,146007,146012],{},[294,146003,146004,146006],{},[44,146005,3594],{}," is the group of values to add",[294,146008,146009,146011],{},[44,146010,35955],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[294,146013,146014,146015],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[44,146016,146017],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,146019,146020,146021,146024,146025,30],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146022,146023,3594],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[21,146026,146027,24493],{"href":36076},[44,146028,36079],{},[32,146030,11353],{"id":11352},[14,146032,146033],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[37,146035,146037],{"className":39,"code":146036,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[44,146038,146039,146059,146073,146077],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146040,146041,146043,146045,146047,146049,146051,146053,146055,146057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146042,54],{"class":53},[47,146044,58],{"class":57},[47,146046,957],{"class":61},[47,146048,104],{"class":65},[47,146050,69],{"class":61},[47,146052,5879],{"class":65},[47,146054,69],{"class":61},[47,146056,37818],{"class":65},[47,146058,1402],{"class":61},[47,146060,146061,146063,146065,146067,146069,146071],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146062,41064],{"class":53},[47,146064,58],{"class":57},[47,146066,145915],{"class":166},[47,146068,170],{"class":61},[47,146070,174],{"class":173},[47,146072,80],{"class":61},[47,146074,146075],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,146076,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,146078,146079,146081,146083,146085],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,146080,167],{"class":166},[47,146082,170],{"class":61},[47,146084,41093],{"class":173},[47,146086,80],{"class":61},[14,146088,215],{},[37,146090,146091],{"className":39,"code":69719,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,146092,146093],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146094,146095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146096,69719],{"class":65},[14,146098,11562],{},[291,146100,146101,146106,146112],{},[294,146102,146103,146105],{},[44,146104,174],{}," contains three integers",[294,146107,146108,146111],{},[44,146109,146110],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[294,146113,146114,146115],{},"The result is stored in ",[44,146116,41093],{},[32,146118,36494,146120,8310],{"id":146119},"using-the-start-value",[44,146121,35955],{},[14,146123,146124],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[37,146126,146128],{"className":39,"code":146127,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[44,146129,146130,146150,146168,146172],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146131,146132,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142,146144,146146,146148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146133,54],{"class":53},[47,146135,58],{"class":57},[47,146137,957],{"class":61},[47,146139,66],{"class":65},[47,146141,69],{"class":61},[47,146143,72],{"class":65},[47,146145,69],{"class":61},[47,146147,77],{"class":65},[47,146149,1402],{"class":61},[47,146151,146152,146154,146156,146158,146160,146162,146164,146166],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146153,41064],{"class":53},[47,146155,58],{"class":57},[47,146157,145915],{"class":166},[47,146159,170],{"class":61},[47,146161,174],{"class":173},[47,146163,69],{"class":61},[47,146165,5879],{"class":65},[47,146167,80],{"class":61},[47,146169,146170],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,146171,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,146173,146174,146176,146178,146180],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,146175,167],{"class":166},[47,146177,170],{"class":61},[47,146179,41093],{"class":173},[47,146181,80],{"class":61},[14,146183,215],{},[37,146185,146187],{"className":39,"code":146186,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"16\n",[44,146188,146189],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146190,146191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146192,146186],{"class":65},[14,146194,146195],{},"This works like:",[291,146197,146198,146203,146208,146212],{},[294,146199,146200,146201],{},"Start at ",[44,146202,960],{},[294,146204,146205,146206],{},"Add ",[44,146207,66],{},[294,146209,146205,146210],{},[44,146211,1931],{},[294,146213,146205,146214],{},[44,146215,1937],{},[14,146217,146218],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[32,146220,3550,146222,146224],{"id":146221},"what-sum-can-work-with",[44,146223,145862],{}," can work with",[14,146226,146227,146229],{},[44,146228,145862],{}," works with numeric values.",[773,146231,40306],{"id":40305},[37,146233,146235],{"className":39,"code":146234,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[44,146236,146237,146261],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146238,146239,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146240,1196],{"class":53},[47,146242,58],{"class":57},[47,146244,957],{"class":61},[47,146246,66],{"class":65},[47,146248,69],{"class":61},[47,146250,72],{"class":65},[47,146252,69],{"class":61},[47,146254,77],{"class":65},[47,146256,69],{"class":61},[47,146258,2333],{"class":65},[47,146260,1402],{"class":61},[47,146262,146263,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146264,167],{"class":166},[47,146266,170],{"class":61},[47,146268,145985],{"class":166},[47,146270,170],{"class":61},[47,146272,1221],{"class":173},[47,146274,506],{"class":61},[14,146276,215],{},[37,146278,146279],{"className":39,"code":2253,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,146280,146281],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146282,146283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146284,2253],{"class":65},[773,146286,146287],{"id":51930},"Floats",[37,146289,146291],{"className":39,"code":146290,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[44,146292,146293,146315],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146294,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305,146308,146310,146313],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146296,82927],{"class":53},[47,146298,58],{"class":57},[47,146300,957],{"class":61},[47,146302,41040],{"class":65},[47,146304,69],{"class":61},[47,146306,146307],{"class":65}," 3.75",[47,146309,69],{"class":61},[47,146311,146312],{"class":65}," 1.25",[47,146314,1402],{"class":61},[47,146316,146317,146319,146321,146323,146325,146327],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146318,167],{"class":166},[47,146320,170],{"class":61},[47,146322,145985],{"class":166},[47,146324,170],{"class":61},[47,146326,82963],{"class":173},[47,146328,506],{"class":61},[14,146330,215],{},[37,146332,146334],{"className":39,"code":146333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"7.5\n",[44,146335,146336],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146337,146338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146339,146333],{"class":65},[14,146341,146342,146343,30],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[21,146344,146345],{"href":2296},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[773,146347,146349,146350],{"id":146348},"values-from-range","Values from ",[44,146351,36079],{},[37,146353,146355],{"className":39,"code":146354,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[44,146356,146357],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146358,146359,146361,146363,146365,146367,146369,146371,146373,146375,146377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146360,167],{"class":166},[47,146362,170],{"class":61},[47,146364,145985],{"class":166},[47,146366,170],{"class":61},[47,146368,1205],{"class":166},[47,146370,170],{"class":61},[47,146372,66],{"class":65},[47,146374,69],{"class":61},[47,146376,37525],{"class":65},[47,146378,2788],{"class":61},[14,146380,215],{},[37,146382,146383],{"className":39,"code":46924,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,146384,146385],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146386,146387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146388,46924],{"class":65},[14,146390,113434,146391,30],{},[44,146392,146393],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[773,146395,146397],{"id":146396},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146399,146400,146401,146403,146404,4267,146406,146403,146408,30],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[44,146402,3477],{}," acts like ",[44,146405,66],{},[44,146407,3546],{},[44,146409,1237],{},[37,146411,146413],{"className":39,"code":146412,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[44,146414,146415,146439],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146416,146417,146419,146421,146423,146425,146427,146429,146431,146433,146435,146437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146418,51850],{"class":53},[47,146420,58],{"class":57},[47,146422,957],{"class":61},[47,146424,3477],{"class":412},[47,146426,69],{"class":61},[47,146428,3780],{"class":412},[47,146430,69],{"class":61},[47,146432,413],{"class":412},[47,146434,69],{"class":61},[47,146436,413],{"class":412},[47,146438,1402],{"class":61},[47,146440,146441,146443,146445,146447,146449,146451],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146442,167],{"class":166},[47,146444,170],{"class":61},[47,146446,145985],{"class":166},[47,146448,170],{"class":61},[47,146450,51903],{"class":173},[47,146452,506],{"class":61},[14,146454,215],{},[37,146456,146457],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,146458,146459],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146460,146461],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146462,46500],{"class":65},[14,146464,146465,146466,30],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[44,146467,3477],{},[32,146469,3550,146471,146473],{"id":146470},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[44,146472,145862],{}," does not work with",[14,146475,146476,146478],{},[44,146477,145862],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[773,146480,146482],{"id":146481},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146484,2712],{},[37,146486,146488],{"className":39,"code":146487,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[44,146489,146490,146514],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146491,146492,146494,146496,146498,146500,146502,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146493,3943],{"class":53},[47,146495,58],{"class":57},[47,146497,957],{"class":61},[47,146499,126],{"class":125},[47,146501,3718],{"class":129},[47,146503,126],{"class":125},[47,146505,69],{"class":61},[47,146507,136],{"class":125},[47,146509,60472],{"class":129},[47,146511,126],{"class":125},[47,146513,1402],{"class":61},[47,146515,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146517,167],{"class":166},[47,146519,170],{"class":61},[47,146521,145985],{"class":166},[47,146523,170],{"class":61},[47,146525,3986],{"class":173},[47,146527,506],{"class":61},[14,146529,146530],{},"Use string joining instead:",[37,146532,146534],{"className":39,"code":146533,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[44,146535,146536,146560],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146537,146538,146540,146542,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146539,3943],{"class":53},[47,146541,58],{"class":57},[47,146543,957],{"class":61},[47,146545,126],{"class":125},[47,146547,3718],{"class":129},[47,146549,126],{"class":125},[47,146551,69],{"class":61},[47,146553,136],{"class":125},[47,146555,60472],{"class":129},[47,146557,126],{"class":125},[47,146559,1402],{"class":61},[47,146561,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146563,167],{"class":166},[47,146565,170],{"class":61},[47,146567,6146],{"class":125},[47,146569,30],{"class":61},[47,146571,133387],{"class":173},[47,146573,170],{"class":61},[47,146575,3986],{"class":173},[47,146577,506],{"class":61},[14,146579,215],{},[37,146581,146583],{"className":39,"code":146582,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"helloworld\n",[44,146584,146585],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146586,146587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146588,146582],{"class":53},[14,146590,146591,146592,30],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[21,146593,146594,5657],{"href":42056},[44,146595,47567],{},[773,146597,146599],{"id":146598},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146601,146602],{},"This also causes an error:",[37,146604,146606],{"className":39,"code":146605,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[44,146607,146608,146635],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146609,146610,146613,146615,146617,146619,146621,146623,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146611,146612],{"class":53},"lists ",[47,146614,58],{"class":57},[47,146616,56179],{"class":61},[47,146618,66],{"class":65},[47,146620,69],{"class":61},[47,146622,72],{"class":65},[47,146624,17938],{"class":61},[47,146626,957],{"class":61},[47,146628,1937],{"class":65},[47,146630,69],{"class":61},[47,146632,2333],{"class":65},[47,146634,53127],{"class":61},[47,146636,146637,146639,146641,146643,146645,146647],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146638,167],{"class":166},[47,146640,170],{"class":61},[47,146642,145985],{"class":166},[47,146644,170],{"class":61},[47,146646,5175],{"class":173},[47,146648,506],{"class":61},[14,146650,146651,146653],{},[44,146652,145862],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[773,146655,146657],{"id":146656},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146659,5346],{},[37,146661,146663],{"className":39,"code":146662,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[44,146664,146665,146689],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146666,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146668,1196],{"class":53},[47,146670,58],{"class":57},[47,146672,957],{"class":61},[47,146674,66],{"class":65},[47,146676,69],{"class":61},[47,146678,72],{"class":65},[47,146680,69],{"class":61},[47,146682,136],{"class":125},[47,146684,1937],{"class":129},[47,146686,126],{"class":125},[47,146688,1402],{"class":61},[47,146690,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146692,167],{"class":166},[47,146694,170],{"class":61},[47,146696,145985],{"class":166},[47,146698,170],{"class":61},[47,146700,1221],{"class":173},[47,146702,506],{"class":61},[14,146704,146705],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146707,146708,146709,146711,146712,30],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[44,146710,65824],{},", convert them first. See ",[21,146713,2838],{"href":2837},[32,146715,41386],{"id":41385},[14,146717,146718,146719,30],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[44,146720,145862],{},[773,146722,6397],{"id":6396},[14,146724,4400],{},[37,146726,146728],{"className":39,"code":146727,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(sum(5))\n",[44,146729,146730],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146731,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146733,167],{"class":166},[47,146735,170],{"class":61},[47,146737,145985],{"class":166},[47,146739,170],{"class":61},[47,146741,104],{"class":65},[47,146743,506],{"class":61},[14,146745,146746],{},"Why it fails:",[291,146748,146749,146754],{},[294,146750,146751,146753],{},[44,146752,104],{}," is a single integer",[294,146755,146756,146758],{},[44,146757,145862],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146760,6427],{},[37,146762,146764],{"className":39,"code":146763,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(sum([5]))\n",[44,146765,146766],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146767,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146769,167],{"class":166},[47,146771,170],{"class":61},[47,146773,145985],{"class":166},[47,146775,122],{"class":61},[47,146777,104],{"class":65},[47,146779,2873],{"class":61},[14,146781,215],{},[37,146783,146784],{"className":39,"code":633,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,146785,146786],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146787,146788],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146789,633],{"class":65},[773,146791,146793],{"id":146792},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146795,4400],{},[37,146797,146799],{"className":39,"code":146798,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[44,146800,146801,146833],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146802,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146804,1196],{"class":53},[47,146806,58],{"class":57},[47,146808,957],{"class":61},[47,146810,126],{"class":125},[47,146812,66],{"class":129},[47,146814,126],{"class":125},[47,146816,69],{"class":61},[47,146818,136],{"class":125},[47,146820,1931],{"class":129},[47,146822,126],{"class":125},[47,146824,69],{"class":61},[47,146826,136],{"class":125},[47,146828,1937],{"class":129},[47,146830,126],{"class":125},[47,146832,1402],{"class":61},[47,146834,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146836,167],{"class":166},[47,146838,170],{"class":61},[47,146840,145985],{"class":166},[47,146842,170],{"class":61},[47,146844,1221],{"class":173},[47,146846,506],{"class":61},[14,146848,146849],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[37,146851,146853],{"className":39,"code":146852,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[44,146854,146855,146887,146915],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146856,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146858,1196],{"class":53},[47,146860,58],{"class":57},[47,146862,957],{"class":61},[47,146864,126],{"class":125},[47,146866,66],{"class":129},[47,146868,126],{"class":125},[47,146870,69],{"class":61},[47,146872,136],{"class":125},[47,146874,1931],{"class":129},[47,146876,126],{"class":125},[47,146878,69],{"class":61},[47,146880,136],{"class":125},[47,146882,1937],{"class":129},[47,146884,126],{"class":125},[47,146886,1402],{"class":61},[47,146888,146889,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146890,41064],{"class":53},[47,146892,58],{"class":57},[47,146894,145915],{"class":166},[47,146896,170],{"class":61},[47,146898,644],{"class":118},[47,146900,170],{"class":61},[47,146902,2049],{"class":173},[47,146904,3533],{"class":61},[47,146906,3750],{"class":3749},[47,146908,3753],{"class":173},[47,146910,3756],{"class":3749},[47,146912,3759],{"class":173},[47,146914,80],{"class":61},[47,146916,146917,146919,146921,146923],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,146918,167],{"class":166},[47,146920,170],{"class":61},[47,146922,41093],{"class":173},[47,146924,80],{"class":61},[14,146926,215],{},[37,146928,146929],{"className":39,"code":2531,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,146930,146931],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146932,146933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146934,2531],{"class":65},[14,146936,146937],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[773,146939,146941],{"id":146940},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,146943,4400],{},[37,146945,146947],{"className":39,"code":146946,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[44,146948,146949,146977],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,146950,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146952,1196],{"class":53},[47,146954,58],{"class":57},[47,146956,957],{"class":61},[47,146958,66],{"class":65},[47,146960,69],{"class":61},[47,146962,72],{"class":65},[47,146964,69],{"class":61},[47,146966,136],{"class":125},[47,146968,1937],{"class":129},[47,146970,126],{"class":125},[47,146972,69],{"class":61},[47,146974,2333],{"class":65},[47,146976,1402],{"class":61},[47,146978,146979,146981,146983,146985,146987,146989],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146980,167],{"class":166},[47,146982,170],{"class":61},[47,146984,145985],{"class":166},[47,146986,170],{"class":61},[47,146988,1221],{"class":173},[47,146990,506],{"class":61},[14,146992,146993],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[37,146995,146997],{"className":39,"code":146996,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[44,146998,146999,147027,147055],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,147000,147001,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147002,1196],{"class":53},[47,147004,58],{"class":57},[47,147006,957],{"class":61},[47,147008,66],{"class":65},[47,147010,69],{"class":61},[47,147012,72],{"class":65},[47,147014,69],{"class":61},[47,147016,136],{"class":125},[47,147018,1937],{"class":129},[47,147020,126],{"class":125},[47,147022,69],{"class":61},[47,147024,2333],{"class":65},[47,147026,1402],{"class":61},[47,147028,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147030,41064],{"class":53},[47,147032,58],{"class":57},[47,147034,145915],{"class":166},[47,147036,170],{"class":61},[47,147038,644],{"class":118},[47,147040,170],{"class":61},[47,147042,2049],{"class":173},[47,147044,3533],{"class":61},[47,147046,3750],{"class":3749},[47,147048,3753],{"class":173},[47,147050,3756],{"class":3749},[47,147052,3759],{"class":173},[47,147054,80],{"class":61},[47,147056,147057,147059,147061,147063],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,147058,167],{"class":166},[47,147060,170],{"class":61},[47,147062,41093],{"class":173},[47,147064,80],{"class":61},[14,147066,215],{},[37,147068,147069],{"className":39,"code":2253,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,147070,147071],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,147072,147073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147074,2253],{"class":65},[773,147076,8294,147078,147080],{"id":147077},"using-sum-to-join-text",[44,147079,145862],{}," to join text",[14,147082,4400],{},[37,147084,147086],{"className":39,"code":147085,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[44,147087,147088,147144],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,147089,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114,147116,147118,147120,147122,147124,147126,147128,147130,147132,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147091,1118],{"class":53},[47,147093,58],{"class":57},[47,147095,957],{"class":61},[47,147097,126],{"class":125},[47,147099,133986],{"class":129},[47,147101,126],{"class":125},[47,147103,69],{"class":61},[47,147105,136],{"class":125},[47,147107,11624],{"class":129},[47,147109,126],{"class":125},[47,147111,69],{"class":61},[47,147113,136],{"class":125},[47,147115,63166],{"class":129},[47,147117,126],{"class":125},[47,147119,69],{"class":61},[47,147121,136],{"class":125},[47,147123,60319],{"class":129},[47,147125,126],{"class":125},[47,147127,69],{"class":61},[47,147129,136],{"class":125},[47,147131,60354],{"class":129},[47,147133,126],{"class":125},[47,147135,69],{"class":61},[47,147137,136],{"class":125},[47,147139,75909],{"class":129},[47,147141,126],{"class":125},[47,147143,1402],{"class":61},[47,147145,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147147,167],{"class":166},[47,147149,170],{"class":61},[47,147151,145985],{"class":166},[47,147153,170],{"class":61},[47,147155,1142],{"class":173},[47,147157,506],{"class":61},[14,147159,1967,147160,60413],{},[44,147161,133310],{},[37,147163,147165],{"className":39,"code":147164,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[44,147166,147167,147223],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,147168,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217,147219,147221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147170,1118],{"class":53},[47,147172,58],{"class":57},[47,147174,957],{"class":61},[47,147176,126],{"class":125},[47,147178,133986],{"class":129},[47,147180,126],{"class":125},[47,147182,69],{"class":61},[47,147184,136],{"class":125},[47,147186,11624],{"class":129},[47,147188,126],{"class":125},[47,147190,69],{"class":61},[47,147192,136],{"class":125},[47,147194,63166],{"class":129},[47,147196,126],{"class":125},[47,147198,69],{"class":61},[47,147200,136],{"class":125},[47,147202,60319],{"class":129},[47,147204,126],{"class":125},[47,147206,69],{"class":61},[47,147208,136],{"class":125},[47,147210,60354],{"class":129},[47,147212,126],{"class":125},[47,147214,69],{"class":61},[47,147216,136],{"class":125},[47,147218,75909],{"class":129},[47,147220,126],{"class":125},[47,147222,1402],{"class":61},[47,147224,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147226,167],{"class":166},[47,147228,170],{"class":61},[47,147230,6146],{"class":125},[47,147232,30],{"class":61},[47,147234,133387],{"class":173},[47,147236,170],{"class":61},[47,147238,1142],{"class":173},[47,147240,506],{"class":61},[14,147242,215],{},[37,147244,147245],{"className":39,"code":134067,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,147246,147247],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,147248,147249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147250,134067],{"class":53},[14,147252,147253,147254,30],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[21,147255,147256],{"href":135148},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[32,147258,147260,147262],{"id":147259},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[44,147261,145862],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147264,147265,147267],{},[44,147266,145862],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[773,147269,8294,147271],{"id":147270},"using-sum",[44,147272,145862],{},[37,147274,147276],{"className":39,"code":147275,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[44,147277,147278,147298,147312],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,147279,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147281,54],{"class":53},[47,147283,58],{"class":57},[47,147285,957],{"class":61},[47,147287,1210],{"class":65},[47,147289,69],{"class":61},[47,147291,5868],{"class":65},[47,147293,69],{"class":61},[47,147295,54021],{"class":65},[47,147297,1402],{"class":61},[47,147299,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147301,41064],{"class":53},[47,147303,58],{"class":57},[47,147305,145915],{"class":166},[47,147307,170],{"class":61},[47,147309,174],{"class":173},[47,147311,80],{"class":61},[47,147313,147314,147316,147318,147320],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,147315,167],{"class":166},[47,147317,170],{"class":61},[47,147319,41093],{"class":173},[47,147321,80],{"class":61},[773,147323,147325],{"id":147324},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[37,147327,147329],{"className":39,"code":147328,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[44,147330,147331,147351,147359,147363,147375,147383,147387],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,147332,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147334,54],{"class":53},[47,147336,58],{"class":57},[47,147338,957],{"class":61},[47,147340,1210],{"class":65},[47,147342,69],{"class":61},[47,147344,5868],{"class":65},[47,147346,69],{"class":61},[47,147348,54021],{"class":65},[47,147350,1402],{"class":61},[47,147352,147353,147355,147357],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147354,41064],{"class":53},[47,147356,58],{"class":57},[47,147358,38393],{"class":65},[47,147360,147361],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,147362,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,147364,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,147366,5832],{"class":3749},[47,147368,6261],{"class":53},[47,147370,3756],{"class":3749},[47,147372,4136],{"class":53},[47,147374,6268],{"class":61},[47,147376,147377,147379,147381],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,147378,89986],{"class":53},[47,147380,89989],{"class":57},[47,147382,89992],{"class":53},[47,147384,147385],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,147386,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,147388,147389,147391,147393,147395],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,147390,167],{"class":166},[47,147392,170],{"class":61},[47,147394,41093],{"class":173},[47,147396,80],{"class":61},[14,147398,147399],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147401,2364,147402,147404],{},[44,147403,145862],{}," is often better:",[291,147406,147407,147410,147413],{},[294,147408,147409],{},"Shorter code",[294,147411,147412],{},"Easier to read",[294,147414,147415],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147417,147418],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[291,147420,147421,147424,147427],{},[294,147422,147423],{},"You need to skip some values",[294,147425,147426],{},"You need extra checks",[294,147428,147429],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147431,147432,147433,147436,147437,147439],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[21,147434,147435],{"href":39889},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[44,147438,145862],{}," on the filtered result.",[32,147441,1284],{"id":1283},[14,147443,147444,147445,2760],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[44,147446,145862],{},[291,147448,147449,147455,147462,147469],{},[294,147450,147451,147452],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[44,147453,147454],{},"sum(5)",[294,147456,147457,147458,147461],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[44,147459,147460],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[294,147463,8294,147464,147466,147467],{},[44,147465,145862],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[44,147468,133310],{},[294,147470,147471],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147473,8753,147474,147476],{},[44,147475,145862],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[37,147478,147480],{"className":39,"code":147479,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[44,147481,147482,147492,147506,147530],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,147483,147484,147486,147488,147490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147485,167],{"class":166},[47,147487,170],{"class":61},[47,147489,1221],{"class":173},[47,147491,80],{"class":61},[47,147493,147494,147496,147498,147500,147502,147504],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147495,167],{"class":166},[47,147497,170],{"class":61},[47,147499,499],{"class":118},[47,147501,170],{"class":61},[47,147503,1221],{"class":173},[47,147505,506],{"class":61},[47,147507,147508,147510,147512,147514,147516,147518,147520,147522,147524,147526,147528],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,147509,167],{"class":166},[47,147511,122],{"class":61},[47,147513,499],{"class":118},[47,147515,170],{"class":61},[47,147517,2049],{"class":173},[47,147519,3533],{"class":61},[47,147521,3750],{"class":3749},[47,147523,3753],{"class":173},[47,147525,3756],{"class":3749},[47,147527,3759],{"class":173},[47,147529,153],{"class":61},[47,147531,147532,147534,147536,147538,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,147533,167],{"class":166},[47,147535,170],{"class":61},[47,147537,145985],{"class":166},[47,147539,122],{"class":61},[47,147541,644],{"class":118},[47,147543,170],{"class":61},[47,147545,2049],{"class":173},[47,147547,3533],{"class":61},[47,147549,3750],{"class":3749},[47,147551,3753],{"class":173},[47,147553,3756],{"class":3749},[47,147555,3759],{"class":173},[47,147557,2873],{"class":61},[14,147559,135881],{},[291,147561,147562,147568,147574,147579],{},[294,147563,147564,147567],{},[44,147565,147566],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[294,147569,147570,147573],{},[44,147571,147572],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[294,147575,147576,135903],{},[44,147577,147578],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[294,147580,147581,147584],{},[44,147582,147583],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[32,147586,1708],{"id":1707},[773,147588,1744,147590,5020],{"id":147589},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[44,147591,145862],{},[14,147593,147594],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[773,147596,5044,147598,147600],{"id":147597},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[44,147599,145862],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147602,30148,147603,25,147606,147609],{},[44,147604,147605],{},"''.join(...)",[44,147607,147608],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[773,147611,5044,147613,147615],{"id":147612},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[44,147614,145862],{}," work with floats?",[14,147617,147618],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[773,147620,147622,147623,2368],{"id":147621},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[44,147624,145862],{},[14,147626,147627,147628,147630],{},"It is the optional ",[44,147629,35955],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[773,147632,5032,147634,119268,147636,2368],{"id":147633},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[44,147635,145862],{},[44,147637,2879],{},[14,147639,147640],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[32,147642,1758],{"id":1757},[291,147644,147645,147649,147655,147661,147667,147671,147675],{},[294,147646,147647],{},[21,147648,146345],{"href":2296},[294,147650,147651],{},[21,147652,3448,147653,3381],{"href":36076},[44,147654,36079],{},[294,147656,147657],{},[21,147658,3448,147659,3381],{"href":42239},[44,147660,42242],{},[294,147662,147663],{},[21,147664,3448,147665,3381],{"href":42056},[44,147666,47567],{},[294,147668,147669],{},[21,147670,5096],{"href":39889},[294,147672,147673],{},[21,147674,3398],{"href":2837},[294,147676,147677],{},[21,147678,147256],{"href":135148},[1796,147680,147681],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":147683},[147684,147685,147687,147688,147689,147691,147699,147705,147712,147718,147719,147731],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":145941,"depth":83,"text":147686},"What sum() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":146119,"depth":83,"text":147690},"Using the start value",{"id":146221,"depth":83,"text":147692,"children":147693},"What sum() can work with",[147694,147695,147696,147698],{"id":40305,"depth":94,"text":40306},{"id":51930,"depth":94,"text":146287},{"id":146348,"depth":94,"text":147697},"Values from range()",{"id":146396,"depth":94,"text":146397},{"id":146470,"depth":83,"text":147700,"children":147701},"What sum() does not work with",[147702,147703,147704],{"id":146481,"depth":94,"text":146482},{"id":146598,"depth":94,"text":146599},{"id":146656,"depth":94,"text":146657},{"id":41385,"depth":83,"text":41386,"children":147706},[147707,147708,147709,147710],{"id":6396,"depth":94,"text":6397},{"id":146792,"depth":94,"text":146793},{"id":146940,"depth":94,"text":146941},{"id":147077,"depth":94,"text":147711},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147259,"depth":83,"text":147713,"children":147714},"sum() vs manual loop",[147715,147717],{"id":147270,"depth":94,"text":147716},"Using sum()",{"id":147324,"depth":94,"text":147325},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":147720},[147721,147723,147725,147727,147729],{"id":147589,"depth":94,"text":147722},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147597,"depth":94,"text":147724},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147612,"depth":94,"text":147726},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147621,"depth":94,"text":147728},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147633,"depth":94,"text":147730},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145854,"description":147732},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147739,"title":147740,"body":147741,"description":149139,"extension":1837,"meta":149140,"navigation":159,"path":149141,"seo":149142,"stem":149143,"__hash__":149144},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147742,"toc":149107},[147743,147749,147755,147758,147821,147827,147832,147836,147853,147865,147869,147888,147902,147904,147997,147999,148013,148015,148018,148107,148109,148117,148126,148128,148132,148153,148155,148247,148249,148270,148272,148276,148290,148292,148366,148368,148387,148391,148394,148417,148419,148530,148537,148545,148547,148553,148556,148599,148602,148625,148633,148637,148712,148718,148743,148750,148753,148756,148760,148765,148853,148861,148865,148868,148893,148897,148958,148962,149011,149021,149023,149028,149031,149037,149040,149044,149048,149054,149057,149065,149073,149075,149104],[10,147744,147746,147747,11199],{"id":147745},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[44,147748,57173],{},[14,147750,147751,147754],{},[44,147752,147753],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147756,147757],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[37,147759,147761],{"className":39,"code":147760,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[44,147762,147763,147791,147809],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,147764,147765,147767,147769,147771,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785,147787,147789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147766,54],{"class":53},[47,147768,58],{"class":57},[47,147770,62],{"class":61},[47,147772,66],{"class":65},[47,147774,69],{"class":61},[47,147776,72],{"class":65},[47,147778,69],{"class":61},[47,147780,72],{"class":65},[47,147782,69],{"class":61},[47,147784,77],{"class":65},[47,147786,69],{"class":61},[47,147788,72],{"class":65},[47,147790,80],{"class":61},[47,147792,147793,147795,147797,147799,147801,147803,147805,147807],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147794,2106],{"class":53},[47,147796,58],{"class":57},[47,147798,4136],{"class":53},[47,147800,30],{"class":61},[47,147802,41141],{"class":173},[47,147804,170],{"class":61},[47,147806,1931],{"class":65},[47,147808,80],{"class":61},[47,147810,147811,147813,147815,147817,147819],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,147812,167],{"class":166},[47,147814,170],{"class":61},[47,147816,2141],{"class":173},[47,147818,3533],{"class":61},[47,147820,50654],{"class":1494},[14,147822,1967,147823,147826],{},[44,147824,147825],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[32,147828,3550,147830,3553],{"id":147829},"what-tuplecount-does",[44,147831,147753],{},[14,147833,147834,2760],{},[44,147835,147825],{},[291,147837,147838,147844,147847,147850],{},[294,147839,147840,147841,147843],{},"Returns the number of times ",[44,147842,605],{}," appears in the tuple",[294,147845,147846],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[294,147848,147849],{},"Returns an integer",[294,147851,147852],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147854,147855,147856,147858,147859,25,147861,30],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[44,147857,57173],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[21,147860,29],{"href":28},[21,147862,147864],{"href":147863},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[32,147866,147868],{"id":147867},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[37,147870,147872],{"className":39,"code":147871,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[44,147873,147874],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,147875,147876,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147877,1673],{"class":53},[47,147879,30],{"class":61},[47,147881,41141],{"class":173},[47,147883,170],{"class":61},[47,147885,605],{"class":173},[47,147887,80],{"class":61},[291,147889,147890,147894,147897],{},[294,147891,147892,57338],{},[44,147893,605],{},[294,147895,147896],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[294,147898,147899,147900],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[44,147901,1237],{},[773,147903,102987],{"id":102986},[37,147905,147907],{"className":39,"code":147906,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[44,147908,147909,147949,147973],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,147910,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147912,823],{"class":53},[47,147914,58],{"class":57},[47,147916,62],{"class":61},[47,147918,126],{"class":125},[47,147920,832],{"class":129},[47,147922,126],{"class":125},[47,147924,69],{"class":61},[47,147926,136],{"class":125},[47,147928,850],{"class":129},[47,147930,126],{"class":125},[47,147932,69],{"class":61},[47,147934,136],{"class":125},[47,147936,832],{"class":129},[47,147938,126],{"class":125},[47,147940,69],{"class":61},[47,147942,136],{"class":125},[47,147944,841],{"class":129},[47,147946,126],{"class":125},[47,147948,80],{"class":61},[47,147950,147951,147953,147955,147957,147959,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969,147971],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147952,167],{"class":166},[47,147954,170],{"class":61},[47,147956,863],{"class":173},[47,147958,30],{"class":61},[47,147960,41141],{"class":173},[47,147962,170],{"class":61},[47,147964,126],{"class":125},[47,147966,832],{"class":129},[47,147968,126],{"class":125},[47,147970,5235],{"class":61},[47,147972,57528],{"class":1494},[47,147974,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,147976,167],{"class":166},[47,147978,170],{"class":61},[47,147980,863],{"class":173},[47,147982,30],{"class":61},[47,147984,41141],{"class":173},[47,147986,170],{"class":61},[47,147988,126],{"class":125},[47,147990,22400],{"class":129},[47,147992,126],{"class":125},[47,147994,5235],{"class":61},[47,147996,51131],{"class":1494},[14,147998,19834],{},[291,148000,148001,148006],{},[294,148002,148003,148005],{},[44,148004,65271],{}," appears 2 times",[294,148007,148008,148010,148011],{},[44,148009,109679],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[44,148012,1237],{},[32,148014,11353],{"id":11352},[14,148016,148017],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[37,148019,148021],{"className":39,"code":148020,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[44,148022,148023,148071,148075,148097],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148024,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057,148059,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148026,36120],{"class":53},[47,148028,58],{"class":57},[47,148030,62],{"class":61},[47,148032,126],{"class":125},[47,148034,405],{"class":129},[47,148036,126],{"class":125},[47,148038,69],{"class":61},[47,148040,136],{"class":125},[47,148042,3960],{"class":129},[47,148044,126],{"class":125},[47,148046,69],{"class":61},[47,148048,136],{"class":125},[47,148050,405],{"class":129},[47,148052,126],{"class":125},[47,148054,69],{"class":61},[47,148056,136],{"class":125},[47,148058,33100],{"class":129},[47,148060,126],{"class":125},[47,148062,69],{"class":61},[47,148064,136],{"class":125},[47,148066,405],{"class":129},[47,148068,126],{"class":125},[47,148070,80],{"class":61},[47,148072,148073],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148074,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,148076,148077,148079,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091,148093,148095],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148078,2106],{"class":53},[47,148080,58],{"class":57},[47,148082,52736],{"class":53},[47,148084,30],{"class":61},[47,148086,41141],{"class":173},[47,148088,170],{"class":61},[47,148090,126],{"class":125},[47,148092,405],{"class":129},[47,148094,126],{"class":125},[47,148096,80],{"class":61},[47,148098,148099,148101,148103,148105],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,148100,167],{"class":166},[47,148102,170],{"class":61},[47,148104,2141],{"class":173},[47,148106,80],{"class":61},[14,148108,215],{},[37,148110,148111],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,148112,148113],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148114,148115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148116,46500],{"class":65},[14,148118,148119,148121,148122,2274,148124,30],{},[44,148120,57716],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[44,148123,57173],{},[44,148125,1937],{},[32,148127,37902],{"id":37901},[14,148129,57427,148130,128616],{},[44,148131,57173],{},[291,148133,148134,148139,148144,148147],{},[294,148135,11301,148136,148138],{},[44,148137,1237],{}," when the value does not exist",[294,148140,11301,148141,148143],{},[44,148142,66],{}," when the value appears once",[294,148145,148146],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[294,148148,148149,148150,148152],{},"The result can be used in ",[44,148151,6871],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148154,2083],{},[37,148156,148158],{"className":39,"code":148157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[44,148159,148160,148201,148205,148232],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148161,148162,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148163,148164],{"class":53},"answers ",[47,148166,58],{"class":57},[47,148168,62],{"class":61},[47,148170,126],{"class":125},[47,148172,8535],{"class":129},[47,148174,126],{"class":125},[47,148176,69],{"class":61},[47,148178,136],{"class":125},[47,148180,8475],{"class":129},[47,148182,126],{"class":125},[47,148184,69],{"class":61},[47,148186,136],{"class":125},[47,148188,8535],{"class":129},[47,148190,126],{"class":125},[47,148192,69],{"class":61},[47,148194,136],{"class":125},[47,148196,8535],{"class":129},[47,148198,126],{"class":125},[47,148200,80],{"class":61},[47,148202,148203],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148204,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,148206,148207,148209,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148208,6871],{"class":3749},[47,148210,148211],{"class":53}," answers",[47,148213,30],{"class":61},[47,148215,41141],{"class":173},[47,148217,170],{"class":61},[47,148219,126],{"class":125},[47,148221,8535],{"class":129},[47,148223,126],{"class":125},[47,148225,3533],{"class":61},[47,148227,38276],{"class":57},[47,148229,1242],{"class":65},[47,148231,6268],{"class":61},[47,148233,148234,148236,148238,148240,148243,148245],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,148235,7944],{"class":166},[47,148237,170],{"class":61},[47,148239,126],{"class":125},[47,148241,148242],{"class":129},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[47,148244,126],{"class":125},[47,148246,80],{"class":61},[14,148248,215],{},[37,148250,148252],{"className":39,"code":148251,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[44,148253,148254],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148255,148256,148259,148261,148263,148265,148268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148257,148258],{"class":53},"The answer ",[47,148260,256],{"class":125},[47,148262,8535],{"class":129},[47,148264,256],{"class":125},[47,148266,148267],{"class":53}," appears more than once",[47,148269,122262],{"class":61},[32,148271,40927],{"id":40926},[14,148273,35287,148274,104450],{},[44,148275,147753],{},[291,148277,148278,148281,148284,148287],{},[294,148279,148280],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[294,148282,148283],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[294,148285,148286],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[294,148288,148289],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148291,2083],{},[37,148293,148295],{"className":39,"code":148294,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[44,148296,148297,148325,148329,148351],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148298,148299,148301,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319,148321,148323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148300,4939],{"class":53},[47,148302,58],{"class":57},[47,148304,62],{"class":61},[47,148306,960],{"class":65},[47,148308,69],{"class":61},[47,148310,965],{"class":65},[47,148312,69],{"class":61},[47,148314,5879],{"class":65},[47,148316,69],{"class":61},[47,148318,7669],{"class":65},[47,148320,69],{"class":61},[47,148322,5879],{"class":65},[47,148324,80],{"class":61},[47,148326,148327],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148328,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,148330,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339,148341,148343,148345,148347,148349],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148332,6871],{"class":3749},[47,148334,4986],{"class":53},[47,148336,30],{"class":61},[47,148338,41141],{"class":173},[47,148340,170],{"class":61},[47,148342,960],{"class":65},[47,148344,3533],{"class":61},[47,148346,51172],{"class":57},[47,148348,72],{"class":65},[47,148350,6268],{"class":61},[47,148352,148353,148355,148357,148359,148362,148364],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,148354,7944],{"class":166},[47,148356,170],{"class":61},[47,148358,126],{"class":125},[47,148360,148361],{"class":129},"The score 10 is repeated.",[47,148363,126],{"class":125},[47,148365,80],{"class":61},[14,148367,215],{},[37,148369,148371],{"className":39,"code":148370,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[44,148372,148373],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148374,148375,148378,148380,148382,148385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148376,148377],{"class":53},"The score ",[47,148379,960],{"class":65},[47,148381,7972],{"class":57},[47,148383,148384],{"class":53}," repeated",[47,148386,122262],{"class":61},[32,148388,148390],{"id":148389},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148392,148393],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[291,148395,148396,148402,148407,148410],{},[294,148397,148398,148399,148401],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[44,148400,57173],{}," still works because it only reads data",[294,148403,148404,148406],{},[44,148405,57173],{}," counts exact matches",[294,148408,148409],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[294,148411,148412,4267,148414,148416],{},[44,148413,66],{},[44,148415,42039],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148418,2083],{},[37,148420,148422],{"className":39,"code":148421,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[44,148423,148424,148458,148462,148482,148506],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148425,148426,148428,148430,148432,148434,148436,148439,148441,148443,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148427,1196],{"class":53},[47,148429,58],{"class":57},[47,148431,62],{"class":61},[47,148433,66],{"class":65},[47,148435,69],{"class":61},[47,148437,148438],{"class":65}," 1.0",[47,148440,69],{"class":61},[47,148442,136],{"class":125},[47,148444,148445],{"class":129},"Cat",[47,148447,126],{"class":125},[47,148449,69],{"class":61},[47,148451,136],{"class":125},[47,148453,36929],{"class":129},[47,148455,126],{"class":125},[47,148457,80],{"class":61},[47,148459,148460],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148461,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,148463,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148465,167],{"class":166},[47,148467,170],{"class":61},[47,148469,1221],{"class":173},[47,148471,30],{"class":61},[47,148473,41141],{"class":173},[47,148475,170],{"class":61},[47,148477,66],{"class":65},[47,148479,5235],{"class":61},[47,148481,50978],{"class":1494},[47,148483,148484,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,148485,167],{"class":166},[47,148487,170],{"class":61},[47,148489,1221],{"class":173},[47,148491,30],{"class":61},[47,148493,41141],{"class":173},[47,148495,170],{"class":61},[47,148497,126],{"class":125},[47,148499,148445],{"class":129},[47,148501,126],{"class":125},[47,148503,5235],{"class":61},[47,148505,27657],{"class":1494},[47,148507,148508,148510,148512,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524,148526,148528],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,148509,167],{"class":166},[47,148511,170],{"class":61},[47,148513,1221],{"class":173},[47,148515,30],{"class":61},[47,148517,41141],{"class":173},[47,148519,170],{"class":61},[47,148521,126],{"class":125},[47,148523,36929],{"class":129},[47,148525,126],{"class":125},[47,148527,5235],{"class":61},[47,148529,27657],{"class":1494},[14,148531,5032,148532,5035,148535,2368],{},[44,148533,148534],{},"values.count(1)",[44,148536,1931],{},[14,148538,8663,148539,4658,148542,148544],{},[44,148540,148541],{},"1 == 1.0",[44,148543,3477],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[32,148546,1284],{"id":1283},[773,148548,8294,148550,148552],{"id":148549},"using-count-without-parentheses",[44,148551,41141],{}," without parentheses",[14,148554,148555],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[37,148557,148559],{"className":39,"code":148558,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[44,148560,148561,148585],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148562,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579,148581,148583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148564,54],{"class":53},[47,148566,58],{"class":57},[47,148568,62],{"class":61},[47,148570,66],{"class":65},[47,148572,69],{"class":61},[47,148574,72],{"class":65},[47,148576,69],{"class":61},[47,148578,72],{"class":65},[47,148580,69],{"class":61},[47,148582,77],{"class":65},[47,148584,80],{"class":61},[47,148586,148587,148589,148591,148593,148595,148597],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148588,167],{"class":166},[47,148590,170],{"class":61},[47,148592,174],{"class":173},[47,148594,30],{"class":61},[47,148596,41141],{"class":24626},[47,148598,80],{"class":61},[14,148600,148601],{},"To call the method correctly:",[37,148603,148605],{"className":39,"code":148604,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[44,148606,148607],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148608,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617,148619,148621,148623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148610,167],{"class":166},[47,148612,170],{"class":61},[47,148614,174],{"class":173},[47,148616,30],{"class":61},[47,148618,41141],{"class":173},[47,148620,170],{"class":61},[47,148622,1931],{"class":65},[47,148624,506],{"class":61},[773,148626,8330,148627,8333,148629,25,148631],{"id":58476},[44,148628,57173],{},[44,148630,3477],{},[44,148632,3546],{},[14,148634,148635,58487],{},[44,148636,57173],{},[37,148638,148640],{"className":39,"code":148639,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[44,148641,148642,148674,148696,148700],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148643,148644,148646,148648,148650,148652,148654,148656,148658,148660,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148645,1118],{"class":53},[47,148647,58],{"class":57},[47,148649,62],{"class":61},[47,148651,126],{"class":125},[47,148653,21],{"class":129},[47,148655,126],{"class":125},[47,148657,69],{"class":61},[47,148659,136],{"class":125},[47,148661,139],{"class":129},[47,148663,126],{"class":125},[47,148665,69],{"class":61},[47,148667,136],{"class":125},[47,148669,21],{"class":129},[47,148671,126],{"class":125},[47,148673,80],{"class":61},[47,148675,148676,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686,148688,148690,148692,148694],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148677,2106],{"class":53},[47,148679,58],{"class":57},[47,148681,69975],{"class":53},[47,148683,30],{"class":61},[47,148685,41141],{"class":173},[47,148687,170],{"class":61},[47,148689,126],{"class":125},[47,148691,21],{"class":129},[47,148693,126],{"class":125},[47,148695,80],{"class":61},[47,148697,148698],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148699,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,148701,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,148703,167],{"class":166},[47,148705,170],{"class":61},[47,148707,2141],{"class":173},[47,148709,3533],{"class":61},[47,148711,51299],{"class":1494},[14,148713,148714,148715,148717],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[44,148716,3756],{}," is often simpler:",[37,148719,148721],{"className":39,"code":148720,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[44,148722,148723],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148724,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148726,167],{"class":166},[47,148728,170],{"class":61},[47,148730,126],{"class":125},[47,148732,21],{"class":129},[47,148734,126],{"class":125},[47,148736,21049],{"class":3749},[47,148738,69975],{"class":173},[47,148740,3533],{"class":61},[47,148742,3536],{"class":1494},[773,148744,1502,148746,8582,148748],{"id":148745},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[44,148747,147753],{},[44,148749,57178],{},[14,148751,148752],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148754,148755],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[773,148757,148759],{"id":148758},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148761,148762,148764],{},[44,148763,57173],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[37,148766,148768],{"className":39,"code":148767,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[44,148769,148770,148803,148829],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148771,148772,148774,148776,148778,148780,148782,148784,148786,148788,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148773,3943],{"class":53},[47,148775,58],{"class":57},[47,148777,62],{"class":61},[47,148779,126],{"class":125},[47,148781,405],{"class":129},[47,148783,126],{"class":125},[47,148785,69],{"class":61},[47,148787,136],{"class":125},[47,148789,148790],{"class":129},"pineapple",[47,148792,126],{"class":125},[47,148794,69],{"class":61},[47,148796,136],{"class":125},[47,148798,405],{"class":129},[47,148800,126],{"class":125},[47,148802,80],{"class":61},[47,148804,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819,148822,148824,148826],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148806,167],{"class":166},[47,148808,170],{"class":61},[47,148810,3986],{"class":173},[47,148812,30],{"class":61},[47,148814,41141],{"class":173},[47,148816,170],{"class":61},[47,148818,126],{"class":125},[47,148820,148821],{"class":129},"app",[47,148823,126],{"class":125},[47,148825,5235],{"class":61},[47,148827,148828],{"class":1494},"    # 0\n",[47,148830,148831,148833,148835,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847,148849,148851],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148832,167],{"class":166},[47,148834,170],{"class":61},[47,148836,3986],{"class":173},[47,148838,30],{"class":61},[47,148840,41141],{"class":173},[47,148842,170],{"class":61},[47,148844,126],{"class":125},[47,148846,405],{"class":129},[47,148848,126],{"class":125},[47,148850,5235],{"class":61},[47,148852,51299],{"class":1494},[14,148854,148855,148858,148859,30],{},[44,148856,148857],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[44,148860,1237],{},[32,148862,148864],{"id":148863},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148866,148867],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[291,148869,148870,148875,148884,148890],{},[294,148871,1967,148872,148874],{},[44,148873,3756],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[294,148876,1967,148877,148883],{},[21,148878,148880,148881],{"href":148879},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[44,148882,58851],{}," to find the position of a value",[294,148885,1967,148886,148889],{},[44,148887,148888],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[294,148891,148892],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,148894,45923,148895,2760],{},[44,148896,3756],{},[37,148898,148900],{"className":39,"code":148899,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[44,148901,148902,148922,148926,148942],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148903,148904,148906,148908,148910,148912,148914,148916,148918,148920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148905,54],{"class":53},[47,148907,58],{"class":57},[47,148909,62],{"class":61},[47,148911,1210],{"class":65},[47,148913,69],{"class":61},[47,148915,5868],{"class":65},[47,148917,69],{"class":61},[47,148919,54021],{"class":65},[47,148921,80],{"class":61},[47,148923,148924],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148925,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,148927,148928,148930,148932,148934,148936,148938,148940],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148929,167],{"class":166},[47,148931,170],{"class":61},[47,148933,1899],{"class":65},[47,148935,21049],{"class":3749},[47,148937,4136],{"class":173},[47,148939,3533],{"class":61},[47,148941,43737],{"class":1494},[47,148943,148944,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954,148956],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,148945,167],{"class":166},[47,148947,170],{"class":61},[47,148949,104],{"class":65},[47,148951,21049],{"class":3749},[47,148953,4136],{"class":173},[47,148955,3533],{"class":61},[47,148957,43754],{"class":1494},[14,148959,45923,148960,2760],{},[44,148961,58851],{},[37,148963,148965],{"className":39,"code":148964,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[44,148966,148967,148991],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,148968,148969,148971,148973,148975,148977,148979,148981,148983,148985,148987,148989],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148970,54],{"class":53},[47,148972,58],{"class":57},[47,148974,62],{"class":61},[47,148976,1210],{"class":65},[47,148978,69],{"class":61},[47,148980,5868],{"class":65},[47,148982,69],{"class":61},[47,148984,54021],{"class":65},[47,148986,69],{"class":61},[47,148988,5868],{"class":65},[47,148990,80],{"class":61},[47,148992,148993,148995,148997,148999,149001,149003,149005,149007,149009],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148994,167],{"class":166},[47,148996,170],{"class":61},[47,148998,174],{"class":173},[47,149000,30],{"class":61},[47,149002,35728],{"class":173},[47,149004,170],{"class":61},[47,149006,1899],{"class":65},[47,149008,5235],{"class":61},[47,149010,27657],{"class":1494},[14,149012,149013,149015,149016,149018,149020],{},[44,149014,57173],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9721,149017],{},[44,149019,58851],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[32,149022,1708],{"id":1707},[773,149024,1744,149026,5020],{"id":149025},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[44,149027,147753],{},[14,149029,149030],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[773,149032,12584,149034,149036],{"id":149033},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[44,149035,147753],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149038,149039],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[773,149041,149043],{"id":149042},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149045,11790,149046,30],{},[44,149047,1237],{},[773,149049,5044,149051,149053],{"id":149050},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[44,149052,147753],{}," count strings?",[14,149055,149056],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[773,149058,5054,149060,4267,149062,2368],{"id":149059},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[44,149061,147753],{},[44,149063,149064],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149066,149067,149069,149070,149072],{},[44,149068,57173],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[44,149071,58851],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[32,149074,1758],{"id":1757},[291,149076,149077,149081,149086,149093,149100],{},[294,149078,149079],{},[21,149080,29],{"href":28},[294,149082,149083],{},[21,149084,149085],{"href":147863},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[294,149087,149088],{},[21,149089,149090,149091,10617],{"href":148879},"Python tuple ",[44,149092,58851],{},[294,149094,149095],{},[21,149096,149097,149098],{"href":1779},"Python tuple length with ",[44,149099,42242],{},[294,149101,149102],{},[21,149103,58839],{"href":58838},[1796,149105,149106],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":149108},[149109,149111,149114,149115,149116,149117,149118,149126,149127,149138],{"id":147829,"depth":83,"text":149110},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147867,"depth":83,"text":147868,"children":149112},[149113],{"id":102986,"depth":94,"text":102987},{"id":11352,"depth":83,"text":11353},{"id":37901,"depth":83,"text":37902},{"id":40926,"depth":83,"text":40927},{"id":148389,"depth":83,"text":148390},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":149119},[149120,149122,149123,149125],{"id":148549,"depth":94,"text":149121},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58476,"depth":94,"text":58892},{"id":148745,"depth":94,"text":149124},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148758,"depth":94,"text":148759},{"id":148863,"depth":83,"text":148864},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":149128},[149129,149131,149133,149134,149136],{"id":149025,"depth":94,"text":149130},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149033,"depth":94,"text":149132},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149042,"depth":94,"text":149043},{"id":149050,"depth":94,"text":149135},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149059,"depth":94,"text":149137},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150690,"toc":152204},[150691,150694,150699,150701,150714,150720,150722,150789,150791,150826,150831,150835,150839,150841,150852,150860,150862,150864,150885,150887,150907,150910,150912,150917,150960,150962,150984,150987,151000,151004,151008,151011,151064,151066,151087,151092,151096,151099,151144,151146,151179,151191,151195,151203,151240,151242,151271,151275,151278,151331,151333,151353,151360,151364,151369,151438,151440,151465,151469,151472,151478,151555,151557,151616,151618,151630,151635,151639,151643,151657,151659,151694,151696,151713,151716,151729,151733,151737,151748,151753,151768,151771,151774,151776,151779,151783,151785,151799,151801,151825,151830,151834,151837,151856,151859,151908,151913,151930,151933,151966,151970,151972,152023,152026,152051,152054,152077,152081,152087,152089,152124,152127,152132,152134,152138,152141,152145,152150,152154,152157,152161,152164,152168,152173,152175,152201],[10,150692,150688],{"id":150693},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150695,9001,150696,150698],{},[44,150697,1028],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150700,82468],{},[291,150702,150703,150708],{},[294,150704,150705,150707],{},[44,150706,1028],{}," creates an empty tuple",[294,150709,150710,150713],{},[44,150711,150712],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150715,150716,150717,150719],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[44,150718,1028],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[32,150721,35],{"id":34},[37,150723,150725],{"className":39,"code":150724,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[44,150726,150727,150747,150761,150765,150775],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,150728,150729,150731,150733,150735,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150730,54],{"class":53},[47,150732,58],{"class":57},[47,150734,957],{"class":61},[47,150736,66],{"class":65},[47,150738,69],{"class":61},[47,150740,72],{"class":65},[47,150742,69],{"class":61},[47,150744,77],{"class":65},[47,150746,1402],{"class":61},[47,150748,150749,150751,150753,150755,150757,150759],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150750,2106],{"class":53},[47,150752,58],{"class":57},[47,150754,119],{"class":118},[47,150756,170],{"class":61},[47,150758,174],{"class":173},[47,150760,80],{"class":61},[47,150762,150763],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,150764,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,150766,150767,150769,150771,150773],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,150768,167],{"class":166},[47,150770,170],{"class":61},[47,150772,2141],{"class":173},[47,150774,80],{"class":61},[47,150776,150777,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,150778,167],{"class":166},[47,150780,170],{"class":61},[47,150782,499],{"class":118},[47,150784,170],{"class":61},[47,150786,2141],{"class":173},[47,150788,506],{"class":61},[14,150790,215],{},[37,150792,150794],{"className":39,"code":150793,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[44,150795,150796,150812],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,150797,150798,150800,150802,150804,150806,150808,150810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150799,170],{"class":61},[47,150801,66],{"class":65},[47,150803,69],{"class":61},[47,150805,72],{"class":65},[47,150807,69],{"class":61},[47,150809,77],{"class":65},[47,150811,80],{"class":61},[47,150813,150814,150816,150818,150820,150822,150824],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150815,522],{"class":57},[47,150817,526],{"class":525},[47,150819,265],{"class":125},[47,150821,531],{"class":129},[47,150823,256],{"class":125},[47,150825,536],{"class":57},[14,150827,1967,150828,150830],{},[44,150829,150712],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[32,150832,150834],{"id":150833},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,150836,150837,62807],{},[44,150838,1028],{},[14,150840,48811],{},[291,150842,150843,150846,150849],{},[294,150844,150845],{},"creates a tuple object",[294,150847,150848],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[294,150850,150851],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,150853,150854,150855,150857,150858,30],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[21,150856,24],{"href":23}," or the full guide to ",[21,150859,29],{"href":28},[32,150861,2032],{"id":2031},[14,150863,26364],{},[37,150865,150867],{"className":39,"code":150866,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[44,150868,150869,150875],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,150870,150871,150873],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150872,531],{"class":118},[47,150874,241],{"class":61},[47,150876,150877,150879,150881,150883],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150878,531],{"class":118},[47,150880,170],{"class":61},[47,150882,3594],{"class":173},[47,150884,80],{"class":61},[14,150886,11336],{},[291,150888,150889,150892],{},[294,150890,150891],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[294,150893,150894,150895],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[291,150896,150897,150899,150901,150903,150905],{},[294,150898,5175],{},[294,150900,812],{},[294,150902,62878],{},[294,150904,5181],{},[294,150906,7125],{},[14,150908,150909],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[32,150911,464],{"id":463},[14,150913,29527,150914,150916],{},[44,150915,1028],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[37,150918,150920],{"className":39,"code":150919,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[44,150921,150922,150932,150936,150946],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,150923,150924,150926,150928,150930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150925,86],{"class":53},[47,150927,58],{"class":57},[47,150929,119],{"class":118},[47,150931,241],{"class":61},[47,150933,150934],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150935,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,150937,150938,150940,150942,150944],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,150939,167],{"class":166},[47,150941,170],{"class":61},[47,150943,186],{"class":173},[47,150945,80],{"class":61},[47,150947,150948,150950,150952,150954,150956,150958],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,150949,167],{"class":166},[47,150951,170],{"class":61},[47,150953,499],{"class":118},[47,150955,170],{"class":61},[47,150957,186],{"class":173},[47,150959,506],{"class":61},[14,150961,215],{},[37,150963,150964],{"className":39,"code":511,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,150965,150966,150970],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,150967,150968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150969,241],{"class":61},[47,150971,150972,150974,150976,150978,150980,150982],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150973,522],{"class":57},[47,150975,526],{"class":525},[47,150977,265],{"class":125},[47,150979,531],{"class":129},[47,150981,256],{"class":125},[47,150983,536],{"class":57},[14,150985,150986],{},"This is equivalent to:",[37,150988,150990],{"className":39,"code":150989,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty = ()\n",[44,150991,150992],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,150993,150994,150996,150998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150995,86],{"class":53},[47,150997,58],{"class":57},[47,150999,91],{"class":61},[32,151001,151003],{"id":151002},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[773,151005,151007],{"id":151006},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151009,151010],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[37,151012,151014],{"className":39,"code":151013,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,151015,151016,151036,151050,151054],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151017,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030,151032,151034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151019,54],{"class":53},[47,151021,58],{"class":57},[47,151023,957],{"class":61},[47,151025,960],{"class":65},[47,151027,69],{"class":61},[47,151029,965],{"class":65},[47,151031,69],{"class":61},[47,151033,7669],{"class":65},[47,151035,1402],{"class":61},[47,151037,151038,151040,151042,151044,151046,151048],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151039,2106],{"class":53},[47,151041,58],{"class":57},[47,151043,119],{"class":118},[47,151045,170],{"class":61},[47,151047,174],{"class":173},[47,151049,80],{"class":61},[47,151051,151052],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,151053,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,151055,151056,151058,151060,151062],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,151057,167],{"class":166},[47,151059,170],{"class":61},[47,151061,2141],{"class":173},[47,151063,80],{"class":61},[14,151065,215],{},[37,151067,151069],{"className":39,"code":151068,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[44,151070,151071],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151072,151073,151075,151077,151079,151081,151083,151085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151074,170],{"class":61},[47,151076,960],{"class":65},[47,151078,69],{"class":61},[47,151080,965],{"class":65},[47,151082,69],{"class":61},[47,151084,7669],{"class":65},[47,151086,80],{"class":61},[14,151088,151089,151090,30],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[21,151091,104932],{"href":59936},[773,151093,151095],{"id":151094},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151097,151098],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[37,151100,151102],{"className":39,"code":151101,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,151103,151104,151116,151130,151134],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151105,151106,151108,151110,151112,151114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151107,34568],{"class":53},[47,151109,58],{"class":57},[47,151111,136],{"class":125},[47,151113,36929],{"class":129},[47,151115,3230],{"class":125},[47,151117,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126,151128],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151119,2106],{"class":53},[47,151121,58],{"class":57},[47,151123,119],{"class":118},[47,151125,170],{"class":61},[47,151127,34589],{"class":173},[47,151129,80],{"class":61},[47,151131,151132],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,151133,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,151135,151136,151138,151140,151142],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,151137,167],{"class":166},[47,151139,170],{"class":61},[47,151141,2141],{"class":173},[47,151143,80],{"class":61},[14,151145,215],{},[37,151147,151149],{"className":39,"code":151148,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[44,151150,151151],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151152,151153,151155,151157,151159,151161,151163,151165,151167,151169,151171,151173,151175,151177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151154,170],{"class":61},[47,151156,256],{"class":125},[47,151158,148],{"class":129},[47,151160,256],{"class":125},[47,151162,69],{"class":61},[47,151164,265],{"class":125},[47,151166,21],{"class":129},[47,151168,256],{"class":125},[47,151170,69],{"class":61},[47,151172,265],{"class":125},[47,151174,63166],{"class":129},[47,151176,256],{"class":125},[47,151178,80],{"class":61},[14,151180,151181,151182,13932,151185,151187,151188,30],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[44,151183,151184],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[575,151186,577],{}," create ",[44,151189,151190],{},"('cat',)",[773,151192,151194],{"id":151193},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151196,151197,151199,151200,151202],{},[44,151198,36079],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[44,151201,1028],{}," collects them all.",[37,151204,151206],{"className":39,"code":151205,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,151207,151208,151226,151230],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151209,151210,151212,151214,151216,151218,151220,151222,151224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151211,2106],{"class":53},[47,151213,58],{"class":57},[47,151215,119],{"class":118},[47,151217,170],{"class":61},[47,151219,1205],{"class":166},[47,151221,170],{"class":61},[47,151223,104],{"class":65},[47,151225,506],{"class":61},[47,151227,151228],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151229,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,151231,151232,151234,151236,151238],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,151233,167],{"class":166},[47,151235,170],{"class":61},[47,151237,2141],{"class":173},[47,151239,80],{"class":61},[14,151241,215],{},[37,151243,151245],{"className":39,"code":151244,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[44,151246,151247],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151248,151249,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151250,170],{"class":61},[47,151252,1237],{"class":65},[47,151254,69],{"class":61},[47,151256,1242],{"class":65},[47,151258,69],{"class":61},[47,151260,72],{"class":65},[47,151262,69],{"class":61},[47,151264,77],{"class":65},[47,151266,69],{"class":61},[47,151268,2333],{"class":65},[47,151270,80],{"class":61},[773,151272,151274],{"id":151273},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151276,151277],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[37,151279,151281],{"className":39,"code":151280,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,151282,151283,151303,151317,151321],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151284,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151286,1196],{"class":53},[47,151288,58],{"class":57},[47,151290,10366],{"class":61},[47,151292,66],{"class":65},[47,151294,69],{"class":61},[47,151296,72],{"class":65},[47,151298,69],{"class":61},[47,151300,77],{"class":65},[47,151302,9184],{"class":61},[47,151304,151305,151307,151309,151311,151313,151315],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151306,2106],{"class":53},[47,151308,58],{"class":57},[47,151310,119],{"class":118},[47,151312,170],{"class":61},[47,151314,1221],{"class":173},[47,151316,80],{"class":61},[47,151318,151319],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,151320,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,151322,151323,151325,151327,151329],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,151324,167],{"class":166},[47,151326,170],{"class":61},[47,151328,2141],{"class":173},[47,151330,80],{"class":61},[14,151332,215],{},[37,151334,151335],{"className":39,"code":361,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,151336,151337],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151338,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347,151349,151351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151340,170],{"class":61},[47,151342,66],{"class":65},[47,151344,69],{"class":61},[47,151346,72],{"class":65},[47,151348,69],{"class":61},[47,151350,77],{"class":65},[47,151352,80],{"class":61},[14,151354,151355,151356,30],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[21,151357,151359],{"href":151358},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[773,151361,151363],{"id":151362},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151365,63419,151366,151368],{},[44,151367,1028],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[37,151370,151372],{"className":39,"code":151371,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[44,151373,151374,151410,151424,151428],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151375,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388,151390,151392,151394,151396,151398,151400,151402,151404,151406,151408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151377,13082],{"class":53},[47,151379,58],{"class":57},[47,151381,10366],{"class":61},[47,151383,126],{"class":125},[47,151385,7542],{"class":129},[47,151387,126],{"class":125},[47,151389,2760],{"class":61},[47,151391,136],{"class":125},[47,151393,12760],{"class":129},[47,151395,126],{"class":125},[47,151397,69],{"class":61},[47,151399,136],{"class":125},[47,151401,9174],{"class":129},[47,151403,126],{"class":125},[47,151405,2760],{"class":61},[47,151407,9181],{"class":65},[47,151409,9184],{"class":61},[47,151411,151412,151414,151416,151418,151420,151422],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151413,2106],{"class":53},[47,151415,58],{"class":57},[47,151417,119],{"class":118},[47,151419,170],{"class":61},[47,151421,17184],{"class":173},[47,151423,80],{"class":61},[47,151425,151426],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,151427,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,151429,151430,151432,151434,151436],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,151431,167],{"class":166},[47,151433,170],{"class":61},[47,151435,2141],{"class":173},[47,151437,80],{"class":61},[14,151439,29907],{},[37,151441,151443],{"className":39,"code":151442,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('name', 'age')\n",[44,151444,151445],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151446,151447,151449,151451,151453,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151448,170],{"class":61},[47,151450,256],{"class":125},[47,151452,7542],{"class":129},[47,151454,256],{"class":125},[47,151456,69],{"class":61},[47,151458,265],{"class":125},[47,151460,9174],{"class":129},[47,151462,256],{"class":125},[47,151464,80],{"class":61},[32,151466,151468],{"id":151467},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151470,151471],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151473,151474,151477],{},[44,151475,151476],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[37,151479,151481],{"className":39,"code":151480,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[44,151482,151483,151519,151523,151537],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151484,151485,151487,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501,151503,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515,151517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151486,13082],{"class":53},[47,151488,58],{"class":57},[47,151490,10366],{"class":61},[47,151492,126],{"class":125},[47,151494,7542],{"class":129},[47,151496,126],{"class":125},[47,151498,2760],{"class":61},[47,151500,136],{"class":125},[47,151502,12760],{"class":129},[47,151504,126],{"class":125},[47,151506,69],{"class":61},[47,151508,136],{"class":125},[47,151510,9174],{"class":129},[47,151512,126],{"class":125},[47,151514,2760],{"class":61},[47,151516,9181],{"class":65},[47,151518,9184],{"class":61},[47,151520,151521],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151522,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,151524,151525,151527,151529,151531,151533,151535],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,151526,167],{"class":166},[47,151528,170],{"class":61},[47,151530,531],{"class":118},[47,151532,170],{"class":61},[47,151534,17184],{"class":173},[47,151536,506],{"class":61},[47,151538,151539,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,151540,167],{"class":166},[47,151542,170],{"class":61},[47,151544,531],{"class":118},[47,151546,170],{"class":61},[47,151548,17184],{"class":173},[47,151550,30],{"class":61},[47,151552,7684],{"class":173},[47,151554,6164],{"class":61},[14,151556,215],{},[37,151558,151560],{"className":39,"code":151559,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[44,151561,151562,151582],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151563,151564,151566,151568,151570,151572,151574,151576,151578,151580],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151565,170],{"class":61},[47,151567,256],{"class":125},[47,151569,7542],{"class":129},[47,151571,256],{"class":125},[47,151573,69],{"class":61},[47,151575,265],{"class":125},[47,151577,9174],{"class":129},[47,151579,256],{"class":125},[47,151581,80],{"class":61},[47,151583,151584,151586,151588,151590,151592,151594,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151585,5384],{"class":61},[47,151587,256],{"class":125},[47,151589,7542],{"class":129},[47,151591,256],{"class":125},[47,151593,69],{"class":61},[47,151595,265],{"class":125},[47,151597,12760],{"class":129},[47,151599,256],{"class":125},[47,151601,954],{"class":61},[47,151603,62],{"class":61},[47,151605,256],{"class":125},[47,151607,9174],{"class":129},[47,151609,256],{"class":125},[47,151611,69],{"class":61},[47,151613,9181],{"class":65},[47,151615,506],{"class":61},[14,151617,18571],{},[291,151619,151620,151625],{},[294,151621,151622,151624],{},[44,151623,151476],{}," for keys",[294,151626,151627,32436],{},[44,151628,151629],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151631,151632,151633,30],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[21,151634,63429],{"href":63428},[32,151636,151638],{"id":151637},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151640,151641,18195],{},[44,151642,1028],{},[291,151644,151645,151648,151651,151654],{},[294,151646,151647],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[294,151649,151650],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[294,151652,151653],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[294,151655,151656],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151658,2083],{},[37,151660,151662],{"className":39,"code":151661,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[44,151663,151664,151683],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151665,151666,151669,151671,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151667,151668],{"class":53},"coordinates ",[47,151670,58],{"class":57},[47,151672,119],{"class":118},[47,151674,122],{"class":61},[47,151676,1210],{"class":65},[47,151678,69],{"class":61},[47,151680,5868],{"class":65},[47,151682,153],{"class":61},[47,151684,151685,151687,151689,151692],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151686,167],{"class":166},[47,151688,170],{"class":61},[47,151690,151691],{"class":173},"coordinates",[47,151693,80],{"class":61},[14,151695,215],{},[37,151697,151699],{"className":39,"code":151698,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(4, 7)\n",[44,151700,151701],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151702,151703,151705,151707,151709,151711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151704,170],{"class":61},[47,151706,1210],{"class":65},[47,151708,69],{"class":61},[47,151710,5868],{"class":65},[47,151712,80],{"class":61},[14,151714,151715],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[291,151717,151718,151720,151723,151726],{},[294,151719,151691],{},[294,151721,151722],{},"RGB colors",[294,151724,151725],{},"dates",[294,151727,151728],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[32,151730,151732],{"id":151731},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,151734,44311,151735,10477],{},[44,151736,1028],{},[291,151738,151739,151742,151745],{},[294,151740,151741],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[294,151743,151744],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[294,151746,151747],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,151749,116355,151750,151752],{},[575,151751,577],{}," work:",[37,151754,151756],{"className":39,"code":151755,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple(5)\n",[44,151757,151758],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151759,151760,151762,151764,151766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151761,531],{"class":118},[47,151763,170],{"class":61},[47,151765,104],{"class":65},[47,151767,80],{"class":61},[14,151769,151770],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,151772,151773],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[32,151775,115193],{"id":115192},[14,151777,151778],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[773,151780,151782],{"id":151781},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,151784,2712],{},[37,151786,151787],{"className":39,"code":151755,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,151788,151789],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151790,151791,151793,151795,151797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151792,531],{"class":118},[47,151794,170],{"class":61},[47,151796,104],{"class":65},[47,151798,80],{"class":61},[14,151800,29558],{},[37,151802,151803],{"className":39,"code":63533,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,151804,151805],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151806,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151808,2879],{"class":118},[47,151810,2760],{"class":61},[47,151812,265],{"class":125},[47,151814,644],{"class":129},[47,151816,256],{"class":125},[47,151818,24493],{"class":118},[47,151820,7972],{"class":57},[47,151822,7975],{"class":57},[47,151824,63556],{"class":53},[14,151826,151827,151828,30],{},"If you see this, read ",[21,151829,62172],{"href":52484},[773,151831,151833],{"id":151832},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,151835,151836],{},"This code:",[37,151838,151840],{"className":39,"code":151839,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[44,151841,151842],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151843,151844,151846,151848,151850,151852,151854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151845,531],{"class":118},[47,151847,170],{"class":61},[47,151849,126],{"class":125},[47,151851,3718],{"class":129},[47,151853,126],{"class":125},[47,151855,80],{"class":61},[14,151857,151858],{},"returns:",[37,151860,151862],{"className":39,"code":151861,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[44,151863,151864],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151865,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892,151894,151896,151898,151900,151902,151904,151906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151867,170],{"class":61},[47,151869,256],{"class":125},[47,151871,60319],{"class":129},[47,151873,256],{"class":125},[47,151875,69],{"class":61},[47,151877,265],{"class":125},[47,151879,60328],{"class":129},[47,151881,256],{"class":125},[47,151883,69],{"class":61},[47,151885,265],{"class":125},[47,151887,60337],{"class":129},[47,151889,256],{"class":125},[47,151891,69],{"class":61},[47,151893,265],{"class":125},[47,151895,60337],{"class":129},[47,151897,256],{"class":125},[47,151899,69],{"class":61},[47,151901,265],{"class":125},[47,151903,60354],{"class":129},[47,151905,256],{"class":125},[47,151907,80],{"class":61},[14,151909,40787,151910,151912],{},[575,151911,577],{}," return:",[37,151914,151916],{"className":39,"code":151915,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('hello',)\n",[44,151917,151918],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151919,151920,151922,151924,151926,151928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151921,170],{"class":61},[47,151923,256],{"class":125},[47,151925,3718],{"class":129},[47,151927,256],{"class":125},[47,151929,107],{"class":61},[14,151931,151932],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[37,151934,151936],{"className":39,"code":151935,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[44,151937,151938,151955],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151939,151940,151943,151945,151947,151949,151951,151953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151941,151942],{"class":53},"single ",[47,151944,58],{"class":57},[47,151946,62],{"class":61},[47,151948,126],{"class":125},[47,151950,3718],{"class":129},[47,151952,126],{"class":125},[47,151954,107],{"class":61},[47,151956,151957,151959,151961,151964],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151958,167],{"class":166},[47,151960,170],{"class":61},[47,151962,151963],{"class":173},"single",[47,151965,80],{"class":61},[773,151967,151969],{"id":151968},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,151971,151836],{},[37,151973,151975],{"className":39,"code":151974,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[44,151976,151977,152009],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,151978,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997,151999,152001,152003,152005,152007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151980,392],{"class":53},[47,151982,58],{"class":57},[47,151984,10366],{"class":61},[47,151986,126],{"class":125},[47,151988,21],{"class":129},[47,151990,126],{"class":125},[47,151992,2760],{"class":61},[47,151994,1242],{"class":65},[47,151996,69],{"class":61},[47,151998,136],{"class":125},[47,152000,139],{"class":129},[47,152002,126],{"class":125},[47,152004,2760],{"class":61},[47,152006,72],{"class":65},[47,152008,9184],{"class":61},[47,152010,152011,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152012,167],{"class":166},[47,152014,170],{"class":61},[47,152016,531],{"class":118},[47,152018,170],{"class":61},[47,152020,424],{"class":173},[47,152022,506],{"class":61},[14,152024,152025],{},"returns only the keys:",[37,152027,152029],{"className":39,"code":152028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('a', 'b')\n",[44,152030,152031],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152032,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047,152049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152034,170],{"class":61},[47,152036,256],{"class":125},[47,152038,21],{"class":129},[47,152040,256],{"class":125},[47,152042,69],{"class":61},[47,152044,265],{"class":125},[47,152046,139],{"class":129},[47,152048,256],{"class":125},[47,152050,80],{"class":61},[14,152052,152053],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[37,152055,152057],{"className":39,"code":152056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[44,152058,152059],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152060,152061,152063,152065,152067,152069,152071,152073,152075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152062,167],{"class":166},[47,152064,170],{"class":61},[47,152066,531],{"class":118},[47,152068,170],{"class":61},[47,152070,424],{"class":173},[47,152072,30],{"class":61},[47,152074,7684],{"class":173},[47,152076,6164],{"class":61},[773,152078,152080],{"id":152079},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152082,152083,152084,152086],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[44,152085,1028],{}," conversion.",[14,152088,5346],{},[37,152090,152092],{"className":39,"code":152091,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[44,152093,152094,152114],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152095,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152097,588],{"class":53},[47,152099,58],{"class":57},[47,152101,62],{"class":61},[47,152103,66],{"class":65},[47,152105,69],{"class":61},[47,152107,72],{"class":65},[47,152109,69],{"class":61},[47,152111,77],{"class":65},[47,152113,80],{"class":61},[47,152115,152116,152118,152120,152122],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152117,167],{"class":166},[47,152119,170],{"class":61},[47,152121,605],{"class":173},[47,152123,80],{"class":61},[14,152125,152126],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152128,25382,152129,152131],{},[44,152130,1028],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[32,152133,1708],{"id":1707},[773,152135,152137],{"id":152136},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152139,152140],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[773,152142,152144],{"id":152143},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152146,152147,152148,30],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[44,152149,550],{},[773,152151,152153],{"id":152152},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152155,152156],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[773,152158,152160],{"id":152159},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152162,152163],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[773,152165,152167],{"id":152166},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152169,152170,152171,30],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[44,152172,2879],{},[32,152174,1758],{"id":1757},[291,152176,152177,152181,152185,152189,152193,152197],{},[294,152178,152179],{},[21,152180,29],{"href":28},[294,152182,152183],{},[21,152184,1785],{"href":23},[294,152186,152187],{},[21,152188,104932],{"href":59936},[294,152190,152191],{},[21,152192,151359],{"href":151358},[294,152194,152195],{},[21,152196,63429],{"href":63428},[294,152198,152199],{},[21,152200,62172],{"href":52484},[1796,152202,152203],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":152205},[152206,152207,152208,152209,152210,152217,152218,152219,152220,152226,152233],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":150833,"depth":83,"text":150834},{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":463,"depth":83,"text":464},{"id":151002,"depth":83,"text":151003,"children":152211},[152212,152213,152214,152215,152216],{"id":151006,"depth":94,"text":151007},{"id":151094,"depth":94,"text":151095},{"id":151193,"depth":94,"text":151194},{"id":151273,"depth":94,"text":151274},{"id":151362,"depth":94,"text":151363},{"id":151467,"depth":83,"text":151468},{"id":151637,"depth":83,"text":151638},{"id":151731,"depth":83,"text":151732},{"id":115192,"depth":83,"text":115193,"children":152221},[152222,152223,152224,152225],{"id":151781,"depth":94,"text":151782},{"id":151832,"depth":94,"text":151833},{"id":151968,"depth":94,"text":151969},{"id":152079,"depth":94,"text":152080},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":152227},[152228,152229,152230,152231,152232],{"id":152136,"depth":94,"text":152137},{"id":152143,"depth":94,"text":152144},{"id":152152,"depth":94,"text":152153},{"id":152159,"depth":94,"text":152160},{"id":152166,"depth":94,"text":152167},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150688,"description":152234},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152241,"title":152242,"body":152243,"description":153656,"extension":1837,"meta":153657,"navigation":159,"path":153658,"seo":153659,"stem":153660,"__hash__":153661},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152244,"toc":153628},[152245,152250,152255,152258,152260,152339,152345,152350,152354,152369,152371,152418,152420,152428,152436,152442,152444,152449,152469,152472,152499,152501,152525,152527,152669,152671,152675,152683,152686,152688,152765,152767,152775,152779,152783,152793,152803,152805,152810,152812,152871,152876,152878,152978,152980,152994,152999,153005,153012,153015,153017,153127,153131,153148,153150,153213,153215,153223,153235,153239,153244,153272,153275,153357,153359,153370,153372,153376,153403,153405,153407,153487,153495,153497,153552,153554,153559,153562,153566,153570,153572,153576,153580,153588,153595,153598,153600,153625],[10,152246,147746,152248,11199],{"id":152247},"python-tuple-index-method",[44,152249,58851],{},[14,152251,152252,152254],{},[44,152253,149064],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152256,152257],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[32,152259,35],{"id":34},[37,152261,152263],{"className":39,"code":152262,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[44,152264,152265,152305,152327],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152266,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289,152291,152293,152295,152297,152299,152301,152303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152268,823],{"class":53},[47,152270,58],{"class":57},[47,152272,62],{"class":61},[47,152274,126],{"class":125},[47,152276,832],{"class":129},[47,152278,126],{"class":125},[47,152280,69],{"class":61},[47,152282,136],{"class":125},[47,152284,850],{"class":129},[47,152286,126],{"class":125},[47,152288,69],{"class":61},[47,152290,136],{"class":125},[47,152292,841],{"class":129},[47,152294,126],{"class":125},[47,152296,69],{"class":61},[47,152298,136],{"class":125},[47,152300,850],{"class":129},[47,152302,126],{"class":125},[47,152304,80],{"class":61},[47,152306,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321,152323,152325],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152308,64798],{"class":53},[47,152310,58],{"class":57},[47,152312,13001],{"class":53},[47,152314,30],{"class":61},[47,152316,35728],{"class":173},[47,152318,170],{"class":61},[47,152320,126],{"class":125},[47,152322,850],{"class":129},[47,152324,126],{"class":125},[47,152326,80],{"class":61},[47,152328,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,152330,167],{"class":166},[47,152332,170],{"class":61},[47,152334,64825],{"class":173},[47,152336,3533],{"class":61},[47,152338,27657],{"class":1494},[14,152340,152341,152344],{},[44,152342,152343],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[32,152346,3550,152348,3553],{"id":152347},"what-tupleindex-does",[44,152349,149064],{},[14,152351,1854,152352,11290],{},[44,152353,58851],{},[291,152355,152356,152359,152361,152364],{},[294,152357,152358],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[294,152360,128344],{},[294,152362,152363],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[294,152365,152366,152367],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[44,152368,1237],{},[14,152370,2083],{},[37,152372,152374],{"className":39,"code":152373,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[44,152375,152376,152400],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152377,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390,152392,152394,152396,152398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152379,54],{"class":53},[47,152381,58],{"class":57},[47,152383,62],{"class":61},[47,152385,960],{"class":65},[47,152387,69],{"class":61},[47,152389,965],{"class":65},[47,152391,69],{"class":61},[47,152393,7669],{"class":65},[47,152395,69],{"class":61},[47,152397,965],{"class":65},[47,152399,80],{"class":61},[47,152401,152402,152404,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152403,167],{"class":166},[47,152405,170],{"class":61},[47,152407,174],{"class":173},[47,152409,30],{"class":61},[47,152411,35728],{"class":173},[47,152413,170],{"class":61},[47,152415,15632],{"class":65},[47,152417,506],{"class":61},[14,152419,215],{},[37,152421,152422],{"className":39,"code":46800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,152423,152424],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152425,152426],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152427,46800],{"class":65},[14,152429,20853,152430,152432,152433,152435],{},[44,152431,15632],{}," appears twice, ",[44,152434,58851],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152437,150854,152438,30],{},[21,152439,152441],{"href":152440},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[32,152443,2032],{"id":2031},[14,152445,7637,152446,152448],{},[44,152447,58851],{}," in two ways:",[37,152450,152452],{"className":39,"code":152451,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[44,152453,152454],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152455,152456,152459,152461,152463,152465,152467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152457,152458],{"class":53},"tuple_name",[47,152460,30],{"class":61},[47,152462,35728],{"class":173},[47,152464,170],{"class":61},[47,152466,605],{"class":173},[47,152468,80],{"class":61},[14,152470,152471],{},"or:",[37,152473,152475],{"className":39,"code":152474,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[44,152476,152477],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152478,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152480,152458],{"class":53},[47,152482,30],{"class":61},[47,152484,35728],{"class":173},[47,152486,170],{"class":61},[47,152488,605],{"class":173},[47,152490,69],{"class":61},[47,152492,35934],{"class":173},[47,152494,69],{"class":61},[47,152496,64919],{"class":173},[47,152498,80],{"class":61},[773,152500,17272],{"id":17271},[291,152502,152503,152508,152513,152518],{},[294,152504,152505,152507],{},[44,152506,605],{}," — the item to search for",[294,152509,152510,152512],{},[44,152511,35955],{}," — optional starting position",[294,152514,152515,152517],{},[44,152516,52545],{}," — optional ending position",[294,152519,152520,4658,152522,152524],{},[44,152521,52545],{},[575,152523,64948],{}," in the search",[14,152526,2083],{},[37,152528,152530],{"className":39,"code":152529,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[44,152531,152532,152580,152584,152609,152637],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152533,152534,152536,152538,152540,152542,152544,152546,152548,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152535,1118],{"class":53},[47,152537,58],{"class":57},[47,152539,62],{"class":61},[47,152541,126],{"class":125},[47,152543,21],{"class":129},[47,152545,126],{"class":125},[47,152547,69],{"class":61},[47,152549,136],{"class":125},[47,152551,139],{"class":129},[47,152553,126],{"class":125},[47,152555,69],{"class":61},[47,152557,136],{"class":125},[47,152559,148],{"class":129},[47,152561,126],{"class":125},[47,152563,69],{"class":61},[47,152565,136],{"class":125},[47,152567,139],{"class":129},[47,152569,126],{"class":125},[47,152571,69],{"class":61},[47,152573,136],{"class":125},[47,152575,18644],{"class":129},[47,152577,126],{"class":125},[47,152579,80],{"class":61},[47,152581,152582],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152583,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,152585,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,152587,167],{"class":166},[47,152589,170],{"class":61},[47,152591,1142],{"class":173},[47,152593,30],{"class":61},[47,152595,35728],{"class":173},[47,152597,170],{"class":61},[47,152599,126],{"class":125},[47,152601,139],{"class":129},[47,152603,126],{"class":125},[47,152605,5235],{"class":61},[47,152607,152608],{"class":1494},"        # 1\n",[47,152610,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623,152625,152627,152629,152631,152633,152635],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,152612,167],{"class":166},[47,152614,170],{"class":61},[47,152616,1142],{"class":173},[47,152618,30],{"class":61},[47,152620,35728],{"class":173},[47,152622,170],{"class":61},[47,152624,126],{"class":125},[47,152626,139],{"class":129},[47,152628,126],{"class":125},[47,152630,69],{"class":61},[47,152632,72],{"class":65},[47,152634,5235],{"class":61},[47,152636,50802],{"class":1494},[47,152638,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,152640,167],{"class":166},[47,152642,170],{"class":61},[47,152644,1142],{"class":173},[47,152646,30],{"class":61},[47,152648,35728],{"class":173},[47,152650,170],{"class":61},[47,152652,126],{"class":125},[47,152654,139],{"class":129},[47,152656,126],{"class":125},[47,152658,69],{"class":61},[47,152660,1242],{"class":65},[47,152662,69],{"class":61},[47,152664,77],{"class":65},[47,152666,5235],{"class":61},[47,152668,27657],{"class":1494},[32,152670,103259],{"id":103258},[14,152672,152673,25385],{},[44,152674,149064],{},[291,152676,152677,152680],{},[294,152678,152679],{},"An integer",[294,152681,152682],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152684,152685],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152687,2083],{},[37,152689,152691],{"className":39,"code":152690,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[44,152692,152693,152733,152755],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152694,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152696,108354],{"class":53},[47,152698,58],{"class":57},[47,152700,62],{"class":61},[47,152702,126],{"class":125},[47,152704,36929],{"class":129},[47,152706,126],{"class":125},[47,152708,69],{"class":61},[47,152710,136],{"class":125},[47,152712,58010],{"class":129},[47,152714,126],{"class":125},[47,152716,69],{"class":61},[47,152718,136],{"class":125},[47,152720,58027],{"class":129},[47,152722,126],{"class":125},[47,152724,69],{"class":61},[47,152726,136],{"class":125},[47,152728,58010],{"class":129},[47,152730,126],{"class":125},[47,152732,80],{"class":61},[47,152734,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152736,2106],{"class":53},[47,152738,58],{"class":57},[47,152740,108397],{"class":53},[47,152742,30],{"class":61},[47,152744,35728],{"class":173},[47,152746,170],{"class":61},[47,152748,126],{"class":125},[47,152750,58010],{"class":129},[47,152752,126],{"class":125},[47,152754,80],{"class":61},[47,152756,152757,152759,152761,152763],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,152758,167],{"class":166},[47,152760,170],{"class":61},[47,152762,2141],{"class":173},[47,152764,80],{"class":61},[14,152766,215],{},[37,152768,152769],{"className":39,"code":46800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,152770,152771],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152772,152773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152774,46800],{"class":65},[32,152776,152778],{"id":152777},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,152780,1967,152781,10477],{},[44,152782,149064],{},[291,152784,152785,152787,152790],{},[294,152786,65977],{},[294,152788,152789],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[294,152791,152792],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,152794,152795,152796,152799,152800,30],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[44,152797,152798],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[21,152801,460],{"href":152802},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[32,152804,65509],{"id":65508},[14,152806,152807,152808,30],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[44,152809,40585],{},[14,152811,2083],{},[37,152813,152815],{"className":39,"code":152814,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[44,152816,152817,152849],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152818,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152820,823],{"class":53},[47,152822,58],{"class":57},[47,152824,62],{"class":61},[47,152826,126],{"class":125},[47,152828,832],{"class":129},[47,152830,126],{"class":125},[47,152832,69],{"class":61},[47,152834,136],{"class":125},[47,152836,850],{"class":129},[47,152838,126],{"class":125},[47,152840,69],{"class":61},[47,152842,136],{"class":125},[47,152844,841],{"class":129},[47,152846,126],{"class":125},[47,152848,80],{"class":61},[47,152850,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152852,167],{"class":166},[47,152854,170],{"class":61},[47,152856,863],{"class":173},[47,152858,30],{"class":61},[47,152860,35728],{"class":173},[47,152862,170],{"class":61},[47,152864,126],{"class":125},[47,152866,22400],{"class":129},[47,152868,126],{"class":125},[47,152870,506],{"class":61},[14,152872,39534,152873,152875],{},[44,152874,109679],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,152877,65584],{},[37,152879,152881],{"className":39,"code":152880,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[44,152882,152883,152915,152919,152935,152957,152963],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152884,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152886,823],{"class":53},[47,152888,58],{"class":57},[47,152890,62],{"class":61},[47,152892,126],{"class":125},[47,152894,832],{"class":129},[47,152896,126],{"class":125},[47,152898,69],{"class":61},[47,152900,136],{"class":125},[47,152902,850],{"class":129},[47,152904,126],{"class":125},[47,152906,69],{"class":61},[47,152908,136],{"class":125},[47,152910,841],{"class":129},[47,152912,126],{"class":125},[47,152914,80],{"class":61},[47,152916,152917],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152918,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,152920,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,152922,6871],{"class":3749},[47,152924,136],{"class":125},[47,152926,22400],{"class":129},[47,152928,126],{"class":125},[47,152930,21049],{"class":57},[47,152932,13001],{"class":53},[47,152934,6268],{"class":61},[47,152936,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,152938,7944],{"class":166},[47,152940,170],{"class":61},[47,152942,863],{"class":173},[47,152944,30],{"class":61},[47,152946,35728],{"class":173},[47,152948,170],{"class":61},[47,152950,126],{"class":125},[47,152952,22400],{"class":129},[47,152954,126],{"class":125},[47,152956,506],{"class":61},[47,152958,152959,152961],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,152960,27311],{"class":3749},[47,152962,6268],{"class":61},[47,152964,152965,152967,152969,152971,152974,152976],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,152966,7944],{"class":166},[47,152968,170],{"class":61},[47,152970,126],{"class":125},[47,152972,152973],{"class":129},"Value not found",[47,152975,126],{"class":125},[47,152977,80],{"class":61},[14,152979,215],{},[37,152981,152983],{"className":39,"code":152982,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Value not found\n",[44,152984,152985],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,152986,152987,152990,152992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152988,152989],{"class":53},"Value ",[47,152991,577],{"class":57},[47,152993,65708],{"class":53},[14,152995,152996,152997,30],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[21,152998,65718],{"href":65717},[32,153000,8294,153001,4267,153003],{"id":65285},[44,153002,35955],{},[44,153004,52545],{},[14,153006,1854,153007,4267,153009,153011],{},[44,153008,35955],{},[44,153010,52545],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153013,153014],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153016,2083],{},[37,153018,153020],{"className":39,"code":153019,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[44,153021,153022,153050,153054,153075,153099],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,153023,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153025,1196],{"class":53},[47,153027,58],{"class":57},[47,153029,62],{"class":61},[47,153031,104],{"class":65},[47,153033,69],{"class":61},[47,153035,5879],{"class":65},[47,153037,69],{"class":61},[47,153039,4480],{"class":65},[47,153041,69],{"class":61},[47,153043,965],{"class":65},[47,153045,69],{"class":61},[47,153047,4480],{"class":65},[47,153049,80],{"class":61},[47,153051,153052],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153053,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,153055,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153057,167],{"class":166},[47,153059,170],{"class":61},[47,153061,1221],{"class":173},[47,153063,30],{"class":61},[47,153065,35728],{"class":173},[47,153067,170],{"class":61},[47,153069,104],{"class":65},[47,153071,5235],{"class":61},[47,153073,153074],{"class":1494},"        # 0\n",[47,153076,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,153078,167],{"class":166},[47,153080,170],{"class":61},[47,153082,1221],{"class":173},[47,153084,30],{"class":61},[47,153086,35728],{"class":173},[47,153088,170],{"class":61},[47,153090,104],{"class":65},[47,153092,69],{"class":61},[47,153094,1242],{"class":65},[47,153096,5235],{"class":61},[47,153098,50836],{"class":1494},[47,153100,153101,153103,153105,153107,153109,153111,153113,153115,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,153102,167],{"class":166},[47,153104,170],{"class":61},[47,153106,1221],{"class":173},[47,153108,30],{"class":61},[47,153110,35728],{"class":173},[47,153112,170],{"class":61},[47,153114,104],{"class":65},[47,153116,69],{"class":61},[47,153118,77],{"class":65},[47,153120,69],{"class":61},[47,153122,4480],{"class":65},[47,153124,5235],{"class":61},[47,153126,50819],{"class":1494},[773,153128,153130],{"id":153129},"how-it-works","How it works",[291,153132,153133,153138,153143],{},[294,153134,153135,153137],{},[44,153136,35955],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[294,153139,153140,153142],{},[44,153141,52545],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[294,153144,1854,153145,153147],{},[44,153146,52545],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153149,2083],{},[37,153151,153153],{"className":39,"code":153152,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[44,153154,153155,153183,153187],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,153156,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177,153179,153181],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153158,1196],{"class":53},[47,153160,58],{"class":57},[47,153162,62],{"class":61},[47,153164,104],{"class":65},[47,153166,69],{"class":61},[47,153168,5879],{"class":65},[47,153170,69],{"class":61},[47,153172,4480],{"class":65},[47,153174,69],{"class":61},[47,153176,965],{"class":65},[47,153178,69],{"class":61},[47,153180,4480],{"class":65},[47,153182,80],{"class":61},[47,153184,153185],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153186,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,153188,153189,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199,153201,153203,153205,153207,153209,153211],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153190,167],{"class":166},[47,153192,170],{"class":61},[47,153194,1221],{"class":173},[47,153196,30],{"class":61},[47,153198,35728],{"class":173},[47,153200,170],{"class":61},[47,153202,104],{"class":65},[47,153204,69],{"class":61},[47,153206,1242],{"class":65},[47,153208,69],{"class":61},[47,153210,2333],{"class":65},[47,153212,506],{"class":61},[14,153214,215],{},[37,153216,153217],{"className":39,"code":16933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,153218,153219],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,153220,153221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153222,16933],{"class":65},[14,153224,153225,153226,2064,153228,16949,153230,153232,153233,30],{},"Python searches positions ",[44,153227,66],{},[44,153229,1931],{},[44,153231,1937],{},", but not ",[44,153234,1210],{},[32,153236,153238],{"id":153237},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153240,153241,153242,2760],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[44,153243,149064],{},[291,153245,153246,153254,153259,153266],{},[294,153247,153248,153249,153251,153252],{},"Do not confuse the ",[575,153250,605],{}," with the ",[575,153253,35728],{},[294,153255,153256,153257],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[44,153258,1237],{},[294,153260,1967,153261,153265],{},[21,153262,149090,153263,10617],{"href":149141},[44,153264,57173],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[294,153267,153268,153269,153271],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[44,153270,152798],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153273,153274],{},"Example of value vs index:",[37,153276,153278],{"className":39,"code":153277,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[44,153279,153280,153312,153316,153340],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,153281,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153283,36120],{"class":53},[47,153285,58],{"class":57},[47,153287,62],{"class":61},[47,153289,126],{"class":125},[47,153291,405],{"class":129},[47,153293,126],{"class":125},[47,153295,69],{"class":61},[47,153297,136],{"class":125},[47,153299,3960],{"class":129},[47,153301,126],{"class":125},[47,153303,69],{"class":61},[47,153305,136],{"class":125},[47,153307,33100],{"class":129},[47,153309,126],{"class":125},[47,153311,80],{"class":61},[47,153313,153314],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153315,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,153317,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153319,167],{"class":166},[47,153321,170],{"class":61},[47,153323,36172],{"class":173},[47,153325,30],{"class":61},[47,153327,35728],{"class":173},[47,153329,170],{"class":61},[47,153331,126],{"class":125},[47,153333,3960],{"class":129},[47,153335,126],{"class":125},[47,153337,5235],{"class":61},[47,153339,27657],{"class":1494},[47,153341,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350,153352,153354],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,153343,167],{"class":166},[47,153345,170],{"class":61},[47,153347,36172],{"class":173},[47,153349,3773],{"class":61},[47,153351,66],{"class":65},[47,153353,20323],{"class":61},[47,153355,153356],{"class":1494},"               # banana\n",[14,153358,2054],{},[291,153360,153361,153365],{},[294,153362,153363,15124],{},[44,153364,65153],{},[294,153366,153367,153369],{},[44,153368,66],{}," is the index",[32,153371,1284],{"id":1283},[14,153373,105993,153374,2760],{},[44,153375,149064],{},[291,153377,153378,153381,153386,153391,153398],{},[294,153379,153380],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[294,153382,8330,153383,153385],{},[44,153384,58851],{}," to return all matching positions",[294,153387,153388,153389],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[44,153390,1237],{},[294,153392,153393,153394,4267,153396],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[44,153395,35955],{},[44,153397,52545],{},[294,153399,1502,153400,153402],{},[44,153401,149064],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[773,153404,60591],{"id":60590},[14,153406,94259],{},[37,153408,153410],{"className":39,"code":153409,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[44,153411,153412,153422,153436,153451,153469],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,153413,153414,153416,153418,153420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153415,167],{"class":166},[47,153417,170],{"class":61},[47,153419,1673],{"class":173},[47,153421,80],{"class":61},[47,153423,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153425,167],{"class":166},[47,153427,170],{"class":61},[47,153429,1698],{"class":166},[47,153431,170],{"class":61},[47,153433,1673],{"class":173},[47,153435,506],{"class":61},[47,153437,153438,153440,153442,153444,153446,153449],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153439,167],{"class":166},[47,153441,170],{"class":61},[47,153443,588],{"class":173},[47,153445,3756],{"class":3749},[47,153447,153448],{"class":173}," my_tuple",[47,153450,80],{"class":61},[47,153452,153453,153455,153457,153459,153461,153463,153465,153467],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,153454,167],{"class":166},[47,153456,170],{"class":61},[47,153458,1673],{"class":173},[47,153460,30],{"class":61},[47,153462,41141],{"class":173},[47,153464,170],{"class":61},[47,153466,605],{"class":173},[47,153468,506],{"class":61},[47,153470,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481,153483,153485],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,153472,167],{"class":166},[47,153474,170],{"class":61},[47,153476,1673],{"class":173},[47,153478,30],{"class":61},[47,153480,35728],{"class":173},[47,153482,170],{"class":61},[47,153484,605],{"class":173},[47,153486,506],{"class":61},[14,153488,153489,153490,84276,153492,153494],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[44,153491,40585],{},[44,153493,605],{}," is missing.",[14,153496,129497],{},[37,153498,153500],{"className":39,"code":153499,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[44,153501,153502,153514,153532,153538],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,153503,153504,153506,153508,153510,153512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153505,6871],{"class":3749},[47,153507,21460],{"class":53},[47,153509,3756],{"class":57},[47,153511,153448],{"class":53},[47,153513,6268],{"class":61},[47,153515,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528,153530],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153517,7944],{"class":166},[47,153519,170],{"class":61},[47,153521,1673],{"class":173},[47,153523,30],{"class":61},[47,153525,35728],{"class":173},[47,153527,170],{"class":61},[47,153529,605],{"class":173},[47,153531,506],{"class":61},[47,153533,153534,153536],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153535,27311],{"class":3749},[47,153537,6268],{"class":61},[47,153539,153540,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,153541,7944],{"class":166},[47,153543,170],{"class":61},[47,153545,126],{"class":125},[47,153547,152973],{"class":129},[47,153549,126],{"class":125},[47,153551,80],{"class":61},[32,153553,1708],{"id":1707},[773,153555,1744,153557,1747],{"id":153556},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[44,153558,149064],{},[14,153560,153561],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[773,153563,153565],{"id":153564},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153567,153568,152435],{},[44,153569,149064],{},[773,153571,149043],{"id":149042},[14,153573,76737,153574,30],{},[44,153575,40585],{},[773,153577,153579],{"id":153578},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153581,153582,153583,4267,153585,153587],{},"Yes. You can use ",[44,153584,35955],{},[44,153586,52545],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[773,153589,14782,153591,57088,153593,2368],{"id":153590},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[44,153592,149064],{},[44,153594,64744],{},[14,153596,153597],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[32,153599,1758],{"id":1757},[291,153601,153602,153608,153612,153617,153621],{},[294,153603,153604],{},[21,153605,149090,153606,10617],{"href":149141},[44,153607,57173],{},[294,153609,153610],{},[21,153611,460],{"href":152802},[294,153613,153614],{},[21,153615,153616],{"href":1839},"Creating a tuple in Python",[294,153618,153619],{},[21,153620,65718],{"href":65717},[294,153622,153623],{},[21,153624,1785],{"href":152440},[1796,153626,153627],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":153629},[153630,153631,153633,153636,153637,153638,153639,153642,153643,153646,153655],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":152347,"depth":83,"text":153632},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032,"children":153634},[153635],{"id":17271,"depth":94,"text":17272},{"id":103258,"depth":83,"text":103259},{"id":152777,"depth":83,"text":152778},{"id":65508,"depth":83,"text":65509},{"id":65285,"depth":83,"text":66068,"children":153640},[153641],{"id":153129,"depth":94,"text":153130},{"id":153237,"depth":83,"text":153238},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284,"children":153644},[153645],{"id":60590,"depth":94,"text":60591},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":153647},[153648,153650,153651,153652,153653],{"id":153556,"depth":94,"text":153649},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153564,"depth":94,"text":153565},{"id":149042,"depth":94,"text":149043},{"id":153578,"depth":94,"text":153579},{"id":153590,"depth":94,"text":153654},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152242,"description":153656},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153663,"title":153664,"body":153665,"description":155060,"extension":1837,"meta":155061,"navigation":159,"path":152802,"seo":155062,"stem":155063,"__hash__":155064},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153666,"toc":155042},[153667,153670,153673,153676,153690,153692,153695,153789,153799,153805,153809,153812,153815,153817,153835,153837,153908,153910,153927,153931,153935,153938,153955,153958,153973,153975,154066,154069,154073,154076,154093,154095,154190,154193,154196,154200,154203,154297,154299,154318,154321,154325,154328,154330,154385,154387,154422,154425,154439,154447,154540,154549,154553,154556,154563,154566,154613,154615,154623,154626,154677,154679,154696,154701,154705,154708,154711,154713,154764,154767,154822,154825,154828,154830,154833,154853,154855,154928,154931,154944,154946,154950,154955,154959,154964,154981,154985,154988,155005,155009,155012,155014,155039],[10,153668,153664],{"id":153669},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153671,153672],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153674,153675],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[291,153677,153678,153681,153684,153687],{},[294,153679,153680],{},"positive indexes",[294,153682,153683],{},"negative indexes",[294,153685,153686],{},"common indexing mistakes",[294,153688,153689],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[32,153691,3482],{"id":3481},[14,153693,153694],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[37,153696,153698],{"className":39,"code":153697,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[44,153699,153700,153732,153736,153753,153770],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,153701,153702,153704,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718,153720,153722,153724,153726,153728,153730],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153703,823],{"class":53},[47,153705,58],{"class":57},[47,153707,62],{"class":61},[47,153709,126],{"class":125},[47,153711,832],{"class":129},[47,153713,126],{"class":125},[47,153715,69],{"class":61},[47,153717,136],{"class":125},[47,153719,841],{"class":129},[47,153721,126],{"class":125},[47,153723,69],{"class":61},[47,153725,136],{"class":125},[47,153727,850],{"class":129},[47,153729,126],{"class":125},[47,153731,80],{"class":61},[47,153733,153734],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153735,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,153737,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153739,167],{"class":166},[47,153741,170],{"class":61},[47,153743,863],{"class":173},[47,153745,3773],{"class":61},[47,153747,1237],{"class":65},[47,153749,20323],{"class":61},[47,153751,153752],{"class":1494},"   # red\n",[47,153754,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763,153765,153767],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,153756,167],{"class":166},[47,153758,170],{"class":61},[47,153760,863],{"class":173},[47,153762,3773],{"class":61},[47,153764,66],{"class":65},[47,153766,20323],{"class":61},[47,153768,153769],{"class":1494},"   # green\n",[47,153771,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782,153784,153786],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,153773,167],{"class":166},[47,153775,170],{"class":61},[47,153777,863],{"class":173},[47,153779,3773],{"class":61},[47,153781,1896],{"class":57},[47,153783,66],{"class":65},[47,153785,20323],{"class":61},[47,153787,153788],{"class":1494},"  # blue\n",[291,153790,153791,153796],{},[294,153792,132286,153793,153795],{},[44,153794,1237],{}," is the first item.",[294,153797,153798],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,153800,153801,153802,30],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[21,153803,153804],{"href":147863},"how to create a tuple in Python",[32,153806,153808],{"id":153807},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,153810,153811],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,153813,153814],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,153816,11336],{},[291,153818,153819,153822,153829,153832],{},[294,153820,153821],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[294,153823,153824,153825,18840,153827],{},"Python starts counting at ",[44,153826,1237],{},[44,153828,66],{},[294,153830,153831],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[294,153833,153834],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,153836,2083],{},[37,153838,153840],{"className":39,"code":153839,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[44,153841,153842,153862,153866,153880,153894],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,153843,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153845,54],{"class":53},[47,153847,58],{"class":57},[47,153849,62],{"class":61},[47,153851,960],{"class":65},[47,153853,69],{"class":61},[47,153855,965],{"class":65},[47,153857,69],{"class":61},[47,153859,7669],{"class":65},[47,153861,80],{"class":61},[47,153863,153864],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153865,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,153867,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153869,167],{"class":166},[47,153871,170],{"class":61},[47,153873,174],{"class":173},[47,153875,3773],{"class":61},[47,153877,1237],{"class":65},[47,153879,153],{"class":61},[47,153881,153882,153884,153886,153888,153890,153892],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,153883,167],{"class":166},[47,153885,170],{"class":61},[47,153887,174],{"class":173},[47,153889,3773],{"class":61},[47,153891,66],{"class":65},[47,153893,153],{"class":61},[47,153895,153896,153898,153900,153902,153904,153906],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,153897,167],{"class":166},[47,153899,170],{"class":61},[47,153901,174],{"class":173},[47,153903,3773],{"class":61},[47,153905,1931],{"class":65},[47,153907,153],{"class":61},[14,153909,215],{},[37,153911,153913],{"className":39,"code":153912,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10\n20\n30\n",[44,153914,153915,153919,153923],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,153916,153917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153918,2253],{"class":65},[47,153920,153921],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153922,71103],{"class":65},[47,153924,153925],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153926,69719],{"class":65},[14,153928,59276,153929,30],{},[21,153930,29],{"href":28},[32,153932,153934],{"id":153933},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,153936,153937],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[291,153939,153940,153945,153950],{},[294,153941,153942,153944],{},[44,153943,1237],{}," = first item",[294,153946,153947,153949],{},[44,153948,66],{}," = second item",[294,153951,153952,153954],{},[44,153953,1931],{}," = third item",[14,153956,153957],{},"Pattern:",[37,153959,153961],{"className":39,"code":153960,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple_name[index]\n",[44,153962,153963],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,153964,153965,153967,153969,153971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153966,152458],{"class":53},[47,153968,3773],{"class":61},[47,153970,35728],{"class":53},[47,153972,1402],{"class":61},[14,153974,2083],{},[37,153976,153978],{"className":39,"code":153977,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[44,153979,153980,154012,154016,154033,154049],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,153981,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006,154008,154010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153983,36120],{"class":53},[47,153985,58],{"class":57},[47,153987,62],{"class":61},[47,153989,126],{"class":125},[47,153991,405],{"class":129},[47,153993,126],{"class":125},[47,153995,69],{"class":61},[47,153997,136],{"class":125},[47,153999,3960],{"class":129},[47,154001,126],{"class":125},[47,154003,69],{"class":61},[47,154005,136],{"class":125},[47,154007,3969],{"class":129},[47,154009,126],{"class":125},[47,154011,80],{"class":61},[47,154013,154014],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154015,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,154017,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154019,167],{"class":166},[47,154021,170],{"class":61},[47,154023,36172],{"class":173},[47,154025,3773],{"class":61},[47,154027,1237],{"class":65},[47,154029,20323],{"class":61},[47,154031,154032],{"class":1494},"  # apple\n",[47,154034,154035,154037,154039,154041,154043,154045,154047],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,154036,167],{"class":166},[47,154038,170],{"class":61},[47,154040,36172],{"class":173},[47,154042,3773],{"class":61},[47,154044,66],{"class":65},[47,154046,20323],{"class":61},[47,154048,51370],{"class":1494},[47,154050,154051,154053,154055,154057,154059,154061,154063],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,154052,167],{"class":166},[47,154054,170],{"class":61},[47,154056,36172],{"class":173},[47,154058,3773],{"class":61},[47,154060,1931],{"class":65},[47,154062,20323],{"class":61},[47,154064,154065],{"class":1494},"  # cherry\n",[14,154067,154068],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[32,154070,154072],{"id":154071},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154074,154075],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[291,154077,154078,154083,154088],{},[294,154079,154080,154082],{},[44,154081,65733],{}," = last item",[294,154084,154085,154087],{},[44,154086,95289],{}," = second-to-last item",[294,154089,154090,154092],{},[44,154091,47554],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154094,2083],{},[37,154096,154098],{"className":39,"code":154097,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[44,154099,154100,154132,154136,154154,154172],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154101,154102,154104,154106,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126,154128,154130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154103,36120],{"class":53},[47,154105,58],{"class":57},[47,154107,62],{"class":61},[47,154109,126],{"class":125},[47,154111,405],{"class":129},[47,154113,126],{"class":125},[47,154115,69],{"class":61},[47,154117,136],{"class":125},[47,154119,3960],{"class":129},[47,154121,126],{"class":125},[47,154123,69],{"class":61},[47,154125,136],{"class":125},[47,154127,3969],{"class":129},[47,154129,126],{"class":125},[47,154131,80],{"class":61},[47,154133,154134],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154135,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,154137,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154139,167],{"class":166},[47,154141,170],{"class":61},[47,154143,36172],{"class":173},[47,154145,3773],{"class":61},[47,154147,1896],{"class":57},[47,154149,66],{"class":65},[47,154151,20323],{"class":61},[47,154153,154065],{"class":1494},[47,154155,154156,154158,154160,154162,154164,154166,154168,154170],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,154157,167],{"class":166},[47,154159,170],{"class":61},[47,154161,36172],{"class":173},[47,154163,3773],{"class":61},[47,154165,1896],{"class":57},[47,154167,1931],{"class":65},[47,154169,20323],{"class":61},[47,154171,51370],{"class":1494},[47,154173,154174,154176,154178,154180,154182,154184,154186,154188],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,154175,167],{"class":166},[47,154177,170],{"class":61},[47,154179,36172],{"class":173},[47,154181,3773],{"class":61},[47,154183,1896],{"class":57},[47,154185,1937],{"class":65},[47,154187,20323],{"class":61},[47,154189,154032],{"class":1494},[14,154191,154192],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154194,154195],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[32,154197,154199],{"id":154198},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154201,154202],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[37,154204,154206],{"className":39,"code":154205,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[44,154207,154208,154240,154244,154261,154278],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154209,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154211,4870],{"class":53},[47,154213,58],{"class":57},[47,154215,62],{"class":61},[47,154217,126],{"class":125},[47,154219,12760],{"class":129},[47,154221,126],{"class":125},[47,154223,69],{"class":61},[47,154225,136],{"class":125},[47,154227,35823],{"class":129},[47,154229,126],{"class":125},[47,154231,69],{"class":61},[47,154233,136],{"class":125},[47,154235,35832],{"class":129},[47,154237,126],{"class":125},[47,154239,80],{"class":61},[47,154241,154242],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154243,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,154245,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154247,167],{"class":166},[47,154249,170],{"class":61},[47,154251,4914],{"class":173},[47,154253,3773],{"class":61},[47,154255,1237],{"class":65},[47,154257,20323],{"class":61},[47,154259,154260],{"class":1494},"   # first item\n",[47,154262,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,154264,167],{"class":166},[47,154266,170],{"class":61},[47,154268,4914],{"class":173},[47,154270,3773],{"class":61},[47,154272,66],{"class":65},[47,154274,20323],{"class":61},[47,154276,154277],{"class":1494},"   # middle item\n",[47,154279,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292,154294],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,154281,167],{"class":166},[47,154283,170],{"class":61},[47,154285,4914],{"class":173},[47,154287,3773],{"class":61},[47,154289,1896],{"class":57},[47,154291,66],{"class":65},[47,154293,20323],{"class":61},[47,154295,154296],{"class":1494},"  # last item\n",[14,154298,215],{},[37,154300,154302],{"className":39,"code":154301,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[44,154303,154304,154308,154313],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154305,154306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154307,49923],{"class":53},[47,154309,154310],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154311,154312],{"class":53},"Ben\n",[47,154314,154315],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154316,154317],{"class":53},"Cara\n",[14,154319,154320],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[32,154322,154324],{"id":154323},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154326,154327],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154329,2083],{},[37,154331,154333],{"className":39,"code":154332,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[44,154334,154335,154367,154371],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154336,154337,154339,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363,154365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154338,1118],{"class":53},[47,154340,58],{"class":57},[47,154342,62],{"class":61},[47,154344,126],{"class":125},[47,154346,21],{"class":129},[47,154348,126],{"class":125},[47,154350,69],{"class":61},[47,154352,136],{"class":125},[47,154354,139],{"class":129},[47,154356,126],{"class":125},[47,154358,69],{"class":61},[47,154360,136],{"class":125},[47,154362,148],{"class":129},[47,154364,126],{"class":125},[47,154366,80],{"class":61},[47,154368,154369],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154370,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,154372,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154374,167],{"class":166},[47,154376,170],{"class":61},[47,154378,1142],{"class":173},[47,154380,3773],{"class":61},[47,154382,104],{"class":65},[47,154384,153],{"class":61},[14,154386,215],{},[37,154388,154390],{"className":39,"code":154389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[44,154391,154392,154404,154409],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154393,154394,154397,154399,154402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154395,154396],{"class":173},"Traceback ",[47,154398,170],{"class":61},[47,154400,154401],{"class":173},"most recent call last",[47,154403,8218],{"class":61},[47,154405,154406],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154407,154408],{"class":34333},"  ...\n",[47,154410,154411,154413,154415,154417,154420],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154412,70610],{"class":118},[47,154414,2760],{"class":61},[47,154416,119],{"class":118},[47,154418,154419],{"class":53}," index out of ",[47,154421,70802],{"class":166},[14,154423,154424],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[291,154426,154427,154431,154435],{},[294,154428,154429],{},[44,154430,1237],{},[294,154432,154433],{},[44,154434,66],{},[294,154436,154437],{},[44,154438,1931],{},[14,154440,154441,154442,30],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[21,154443,154444,154446],{"href":1779},[44,154445,42242],{}," on a tuple",[37,154448,154450],{"className":39,"code":154449,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[44,154451,154452,154484,154488,154504,154508,154526],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154453,154454,154456,154458,154460,154462,154464,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154455,1118],{"class":53},[47,154457,58],{"class":57},[47,154459,62],{"class":61},[47,154461,126],{"class":125},[47,154463,21],{"class":129},[47,154465,126],{"class":125},[47,154467,69],{"class":61},[47,154469,136],{"class":125},[47,154471,139],{"class":129},[47,154473,126],{"class":125},[47,154475,69],{"class":61},[47,154477,136],{"class":125},[47,154479,148],{"class":129},[47,154481,126],{"class":125},[47,154483,80],{"class":61},[47,154485,154486],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154487,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,154489,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498,154500,154502],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154491,167],{"class":166},[47,154493,170],{"class":61},[47,154495,1698],{"class":166},[47,154497,170],{"class":61},[47,154499,1142],{"class":173},[47,154501,5235],{"class":61},[47,154503,50654],{"class":1494},[47,154505,154506],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,154507,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,154509,154510,154512,154514,154516,154518,154520,154522,154524],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,154511,6871],{"class":3749},[47,154513,38267],{"class":166},[47,154515,170],{"class":61},[47,154517,1142],{"class":173},[47,154519,3533],{"class":61},[47,154521,38276],{"class":57},[47,154523,72],{"class":65},[47,154525,6268],{"class":61},[47,154527,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,154529,7944],{"class":166},[47,154531,170],{"class":61},[47,154533,1142],{"class":173},[47,154535,3773],{"class":61},[47,154537,1931],{"class":65},[47,154539,153],{"class":61},[14,154541,154542,154543,30],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[21,154544,25556,154546],{"href":154545},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[44,154547,154548],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[32,154550,154552],{"id":154551},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154554,154555],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[291,154557,154558,154560],{},[294,154559,76754],{},[294,154561,154562],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154564,154565],{},"Indexing example:",[37,154567,154569],{"className":39,"code":154568,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[44,154570,154571,154595,154599],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154572,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589,154591,154593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154574,54],{"class":53},[47,154576,58],{"class":57},[47,154578,62],{"class":61},[47,154580,960],{"class":65},[47,154582,69],{"class":61},[47,154584,965],{"class":65},[47,154586,69],{"class":61},[47,154588,7669],{"class":65},[47,154590,69],{"class":61},[47,154592,50727],{"class":65},[47,154594,80],{"class":61},[47,154596,154597],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154598,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,154600,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609,154611],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154602,167],{"class":166},[47,154604,170],{"class":61},[47,154606,174],{"class":173},[47,154608,3773],{"class":61},[47,154610,66],{"class":65},[47,154612,153],{"class":61},[14,154614,215],{},[37,154616,154617],{"className":39,"code":71103,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,154618,154619],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154620,154621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154622,71103],{"class":65},[14,154624,154625],{},"Slicing example:",[37,154627,154629],{"className":39,"code":154628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[44,154630,154631,154655,154659],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154632,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647,154649,154651,154653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154634,54],{"class":53},[47,154636,58],{"class":57},[47,154638,62],{"class":61},[47,154640,960],{"class":65},[47,154642,69],{"class":61},[47,154644,965],{"class":65},[47,154646,69],{"class":61},[47,154648,7669],{"class":65},[47,154650,69],{"class":61},[47,154652,50727],{"class":65},[47,154654,80],{"class":61},[47,154656,154657],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154658,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,154660,154661,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154662,167],{"class":166},[47,154664,170],{"class":61},[47,154666,174],{"class":173},[47,154668,3773],{"class":61},[47,154670,66],{"class":65},[47,154672,2760],{"class":61},[47,154674,1937],{"class":65},[47,154676,153],{"class":61},[14,154678,215],{},[37,154680,154682],{"className":39,"code":154681,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(20, 30)\n",[44,154683,154684],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154685,154686,154688,154690,154692,154694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154687,170],{"class":61},[47,154689,15632],{"class":65},[47,154691,69],{"class":61},[47,154693,7669],{"class":65},[47,154695,80],{"class":61},[14,154697,154698,154699,30],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[21,154700,1774],{"href":1773},[32,154702,154704],{"id":154703},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154706,154707],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154709,154710],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154712,6561],{},[37,154714,154716],{"className":39,"code":154715,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[44,154717,154718,154750],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154719,154720,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154721,823],{"class":53},[47,154723,58],{"class":57},[47,154725,62],{"class":61},[47,154727,126],{"class":125},[47,154729,832],{"class":129},[47,154731,126],{"class":125},[47,154733,69],{"class":61},[47,154735,136],{"class":125},[47,154737,841],{"class":129},[47,154739,126],{"class":125},[47,154741,69],{"class":61},[47,154743,136],{"class":125},[47,154745,850],{"class":129},[47,154747,126],{"class":125},[47,154749,80],{"class":61},[47,154751,154752,154754,154756,154758,154760,154762],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154753,167],{"class":166},[47,154755,170],{"class":61},[47,154757,863],{"class":173},[47,154759,3773],{"class":61},[47,154761,66],{"class":65},[47,154763,153],{"class":61},[14,154765,154766],{},"But this does not work:",[37,154768,154770],{"className":39,"code":154769,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[44,154771,154772,154804],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154773,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798,154800,154802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154775,823],{"class":53},[47,154777,58],{"class":57},[47,154779,62],{"class":61},[47,154781,126],{"class":125},[47,154783,832],{"class":129},[47,154785,126],{"class":125},[47,154787,69],{"class":61},[47,154789,136],{"class":125},[47,154791,841],{"class":129},[47,154793,126],{"class":125},[47,154795,69],{"class":61},[47,154797,136],{"class":125},[47,154799,850],{"class":129},[47,154801,126],{"class":125},[47,154803,80],{"class":61},[47,154805,154806,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816,154818,154820],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154807,863],{"class":53},[47,154809,3773],{"class":61},[47,154811,66],{"class":65},[47,154813,13151],{"class":61},[47,154815,13154],{"class":57},[47,154817,136],{"class":125},[47,154819,22400],{"class":129},[47,154821,3230],{"class":125},[14,154823,154824],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,154826,154827],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[32,154829,1284],{"id":1283},[14,154831,154832],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[291,154834,154835,154841,154844,154847],{},[294,154836,132590,154837,10969,154839],{},[44,154838,66],{},[44,154840,1237],{},[294,154842,154843],{},"Using an index that is too large",[294,154845,154846],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[294,154848,154849,154850],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[44,154851,154852],{},"tuple[index]",[14,154854,62176],{},[37,154856,154858],{"className":39,"code":154857,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[44,154859,154860,154870,154884,154898,154914],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154861,154862,154864,154866,154868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154863,167],{"class":166},[47,154865,170],{"class":61},[47,154867,1673],{"class":173},[47,154869,80],{"class":61},[47,154871,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154873,167],{"class":166},[47,154875,170],{"class":61},[47,154877,1698],{"class":166},[47,154879,170],{"class":61},[47,154881,1673],{"class":173},[47,154883,506],{"class":61},[47,154885,154886,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154887,167],{"class":166},[47,154889,170],{"class":61},[47,154891,1673],{"class":173},[47,154893,3773],{"class":61},[47,154895,1237],{"class":65},[47,154897,153],{"class":61},[47,154899,154900,154902,154904,154906,154908,154910,154912],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,154901,167],{"class":166},[47,154903,170],{"class":61},[47,154905,1673],{"class":173},[47,154907,3773],{"class":61},[47,154909,1896],{"class":57},[47,154911,66],{"class":65},[47,154913,153],{"class":61},[47,154915,154916,154918,154920,154922,154924,154926],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,154917,167],{"class":166},[47,154919,170],{"class":61},[47,154921,499],{"class":118},[47,154923,170],{"class":61},[47,154925,1673],{"class":173},[47,154927,506],{"class":61},[14,154929,154930],{},"These can help you confirm:",[291,154932,154933,154936,154938,154941],{},[294,154934,154935],{},"what the tuple contains",[294,154937,60665],{},[294,154939,154940],{},"what the first and last items are",[294,154942,154943],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[32,154945,1708],{"id":1707},[773,154947,154949],{"id":154948},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,154951,154952,154953,30],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[44,154954,1237],{},[773,154956,154958],{"id":154957},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,154960,1967,154961,154963],{},[44,154962,65733],{}," as the index:",[37,154965,154967],{"className":39,"code":154966,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[44,154968,154969],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154970,154971,154973,154975,154977,154979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154972,1673],{"class":53},[47,154974,3773],{"class":61},[47,154976,1896],{"class":57},[47,154978,66],{"class":65},[47,154980,1402],{"class":61},[773,154982,154984],{"id":154983},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,154986,154987],{},"Python raises:",[37,154989,154991],{"className":39,"code":154990,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[44,154992,154993],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,154994,154995,154997,154999,155001,155003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154996,70610],{"class":118},[47,154998,2760],{"class":61},[47,155000,119],{"class":118},[47,155002,154419],{"class":53},[47,155004,70802],{"class":166},[773,155006,155008],{"id":155007},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155010,155011],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[32,155013,1758],{"id":1757},[291,155015,155016,155021,155025,155029,155035],{},[294,155017,155018],{},[21,155019,155020],{"href":147863},"How to create a tuple in Python",[294,155022,155023],{},[21,155024,1774],{"href":1773},[294,155026,155027],{},[21,155028,1780],{"href":1779},[294,155030,155031],{},[21,155032,25999,155033],{"href":154545},[44,155034,154548],{},[294,155036,155037],{},[21,155038,29],{"href":28},[1796,155040,155041],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":155043},[155044,155045,155046,155047,155048,155049,155050,155051,155052,155053,155059],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":153807,"depth":83,"text":153808},{"id":153933,"depth":83,"text":153934},{"id":154071,"depth":83,"text":154072},{"id":154198,"depth":83,"text":154199},{"id":154323,"depth":83,"text":154324},{"id":154551,"depth":83,"text":154552},{"id":154703,"depth":83,"text":154704},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":155054},[155055,155056,155057,155058],{"id":154948,"depth":94,"text":154949},{"id":154957,"depth":94,"text":154958},{"id":154983,"depth":94,"text":154984},{"id":155007,"depth":94,"text":155008},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153664,"description":155060},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155066,"title":155067,"body":155068,"description":156957,"extension":1837,"meta":156958,"navigation":159,"path":156959,"seo":156960,"stem":156961,"__hash__":156962},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155069,"toc":156914},[155070,155076,155081,155132,155136,155144,155150,155152,155168,155170,155173,155188,155190,155203,155205,155262,155266,155274,155281,155287,155293,155297,155348,155352,155360,155364,155393,155397,155405,155409,155442,155446,155454,155458,155461,155512,155516,155524,155526,155543,155547,155551,155610,155614,155622,155625,155652,155656,155664,155668,155674,155749,155753,155790,155798,155802,155865,155869,155877,155882,155886,155892,155935,155939,155947,155953,155956,156003,156007,156015,156024,156030,156085,156089,156097,156100,156104,156106,156137,156141,156160,156163,156208,156212,156235,156241,156246,156248,156295,156300,156303,156351,156355,156363,156367,156372,156376,156426,156430,156445,156449,156507,156511,156526,156530,156601,156605,156614,156618,156697,156701,156723,156731,156733,156736,156761,156763,156816,156818,156835,156837,156841,156847,156852,156857,156861,156866,156870,156875,156881,156884,156886,156911],[10,155071,155073,155074,3533],{"id":155072},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[44,155075,1698],{},[14,155077,1967,155078,155080],{},[44,155079,42242],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[37,155082,155084],{"className":39,"code":155083,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[44,155085,155086,155118],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155087,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102,155104,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155089,823],{"class":53},[47,155091,58],{"class":57},[47,155093,62],{"class":61},[47,155095,126],{"class":125},[47,155097,832],{"class":129},[47,155099,126],{"class":125},[47,155101,69],{"class":61},[47,155103,136],{"class":125},[47,155105,841],{"class":129},[47,155107,126],{"class":125},[47,155109,69],{"class":61},[47,155111,136],{"class":125},[47,155113,850],{"class":129},[47,155115,126],{"class":125},[47,155117,80],{"class":61},[47,155119,155120,155122,155124,155126,155128,155130],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155121,167],{"class":166},[47,155123,170],{"class":61},[47,155125,1698],{"class":166},[47,155127,170],{"class":61},[47,155129,863],{"class":173},[47,155131,506],{"class":61},[14,155133,155134],{},[575,155135,215],{},[37,155137,155138],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,155139,155140],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155141,155142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155143,46500],{"class":65},[14,155145,1967,155146,155149],{},[44,155147,155148],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[32,155151,289],{"id":288},[291,155153,155154,155159,155163,155166],{},[294,155155,4071,155156,155158],{},[44,155157,42242],{}," works with tuples",[294,155160,68137,155161,11584],{},[44,155162,42242],{},[294,155164,155165],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[294,155167,4393],{},[32,155169,2032],{"id":2031},[14,155171,155172],{},"Use this pattern:",[37,155174,155176],{"className":39,"code":155175,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"len(my_tuple)\n",[44,155177,155178],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155179,155180,155182,155184,155186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155181,1698],{"class":166},[47,155183,170],{"class":61},[47,155185,1673],{"class":173},[47,155187,80],{"class":61},[14,155189,11336],{},[291,155191,155192,155195,155198],{},[294,155193,155194],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[294,155196,155197],{},"The result is an integer",[294,155199,155200,155202],{},[44,155201,42242],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155204,2083],{},[37,155206,155208],{"className":39,"code":155207,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[44,155209,155210,155234,155248,155252],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155211,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222,155224,155226,155228,155230,155232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155213,54],{"class":53},[47,155215,58],{"class":57},[47,155217,62],{"class":61},[47,155219,960],{"class":65},[47,155221,69],{"class":61},[47,155223,965],{"class":65},[47,155225,69],{"class":61},[47,155227,7669],{"class":65},[47,155229,69],{"class":61},[47,155231,50727],{"class":65},[47,155233,80],{"class":61},[47,155235,155236,155238,155240,155242,155244,155246],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155237,41123],{"class":53},[47,155239,58],{"class":57},[47,155241,38267],{"class":166},[47,155243,170],{"class":61},[47,155245,174],{"class":173},[47,155247,80],{"class":61},[47,155249,155250],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,155251,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,155253,155254,155256,155258,155260],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,155255,167],{"class":166},[47,155257,170],{"class":61},[47,155259,41141],{"class":173},[47,155261,80],{"class":61},[14,155263,155264],{},[575,155265,215],{},[37,155267,155268],{"className":39,"code":48534,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,155269,155270],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155271,155272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155273,48534],{"class":65},[14,155275,155276,155277,30],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[21,155278,3448,155279,3381],{"href":42239},[44,155280,42242],{},[32,155282,3550,155284,155286],{"id":155283},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[44,155285,42242],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155288,155289,155290,155292],{},"For a tuple, ",[44,155291,42242],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[773,155294,155296],{"id":155295},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[37,155298,155300],{"className":39,"code":155299,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[44,155301,155302,155334],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155303,155304,155306,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326,155328,155330,155332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155305,36120],{"class":53},[47,155307,58],{"class":57},[47,155309,62],{"class":61},[47,155311,126],{"class":125},[47,155313,405],{"class":129},[47,155315,126],{"class":125},[47,155317,69],{"class":61},[47,155319,136],{"class":125},[47,155321,3960],{"class":129},[47,155323,126],{"class":125},[47,155325,69],{"class":61},[47,155327,136],{"class":125},[47,155329,33100],{"class":129},[47,155331,126],{"class":125},[47,155333,80],{"class":61},[47,155335,155336,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155337,167],{"class":166},[47,155339,170],{"class":61},[47,155341,1698],{"class":166},[47,155343,170],{"class":61},[47,155345,36172],{"class":173},[47,155347,506],{"class":61},[14,155349,155350],{},[575,155351,215],{},[37,155353,155354],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,155355,155356],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155357,155358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155359,46500],{"class":65},[773,155361,155363],{"id":155362},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[37,155365,155367],{"className":39,"code":155366,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[44,155368,155369,155378],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155370,155371,155374,155376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155372,155373],{"class":53},"empty_tuple ",[47,155375,58],{"class":57},[47,155377,91],{"class":61},[47,155379,155380,155382,155384,155386,155388,155391],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155381,167],{"class":166},[47,155383,170],{"class":61},[47,155385,1698],{"class":166},[47,155387,170],{"class":61},[47,155389,155390],{"class":173},"empty_tuple",[47,155392,506],{"class":61},[14,155394,155395],{},[575,155396,215],{},[37,155398,155399],{"className":39,"code":47135,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,155400,155401],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155402,155403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155404,47135],{"class":65},[773,155406,155408],{"id":155407},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[37,155410,155412],{"className":39,"code":155411,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[44,155413,155414,155427],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155415,155416,155419,155421,155423,155425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155417,155418],{"class":53},"single_value ",[47,155420,58],{"class":57},[47,155422,62],{"class":61},[47,155424,104],{"class":65},[47,155426,107],{"class":61},[47,155428,155429,155431,155433,155435,155437,155440],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155430,167],{"class":166},[47,155432,170],{"class":61},[47,155434,1698],{"class":166},[47,155436,170],{"class":61},[47,155438,155439],{"class":173},"single_value",[47,155441,506],{"class":61},[14,155443,155444],{},[575,155445,215],{},[37,155447,155448],{"className":39,"code":46800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,155449,155450],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155451,155452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155453,46800],{"class":65},[773,155455,155457],{"id":155456},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155459,155460],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[37,155462,155464],{"className":39,"code":155463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[44,155465,155466,155498],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155467,155468,155470,155472,155474,155476,155478,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492,155494,155496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155469,392],{"class":53},[47,155471,58],{"class":57},[47,155473,62],{"class":61},[47,155475,66],{"class":65},[47,155477,69],{"class":61},[47,155479,62],{"class":61},[47,155481,1931],{"class":65},[47,155483,69],{"class":61},[47,155485,77],{"class":65},[47,155487,954],{"class":61},[47,155489,957],{"class":61},[47,155491,1210],{"class":65},[47,155493,69],{"class":61},[47,155495,4480],{"class":65},[47,155497,153],{"class":61},[47,155499,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155501,167],{"class":166},[47,155503,170],{"class":61},[47,155505,1698],{"class":166},[47,155507,170],{"class":61},[47,155509,424],{"class":173},[47,155511,506],{"class":61},[14,155513,155514],{},[575,155515,215],{},[37,155517,155518],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,155519,155520],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155521,155522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155523,46500],{"class":65},[14,155525,19834],{},[291,155527,155528,155533,155538],{},[294,155529,155530,155532],{},[44,155531,66],{}," is one item",[294,155534,155535,155532],{},[44,155536,155537],{},"(2, 3)",[294,155539,155540,155532],{},[44,155541,155542],{},"[4, 5]",[32,155544,155546],{"id":155545},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[773,155548,155550],{"id":155549},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[37,155552,155554],{"className":39,"code":155553,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[44,155555,155556,155596],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155557,155558,155560,155562,155564,155566,155568,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590,155592,155594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155559,823],{"class":53},[47,155561,58],{"class":57},[47,155563,62],{"class":61},[47,155565,126],{"class":125},[47,155567,832],{"class":129},[47,155569,126],{"class":125},[47,155571,69],{"class":61},[47,155573,136],{"class":125},[47,155575,841],{"class":129},[47,155577,126],{"class":125},[47,155579,69],{"class":61},[47,155581,136],{"class":125},[47,155583,850],{"class":129},[47,155585,126],{"class":125},[47,155587,69],{"class":61},[47,155589,136],{"class":125},[47,155591,22400],{"class":129},[47,155593,126],{"class":125},[47,155595,80],{"class":61},[47,155597,155598,155600,155602,155604,155606,155608],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155599,167],{"class":166},[47,155601,170],{"class":61},[47,155603,1698],{"class":166},[47,155605,170],{"class":61},[47,155607,863],{"class":173},[47,155609,506],{"class":61},[14,155611,155612],{},[575,155613,215],{},[37,155615,155616],{"className":39,"code":48534,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,155617,155618],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155619,155620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155621,48534],{"class":65},[773,155623,155363],{"id":155624},"empty-tuple-1",[37,155626,155628],{"className":39,"code":155627,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[44,155629,155630,155638],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155631,155632,155634,155636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155633,7654],{"class":53},[47,155635,58],{"class":57},[47,155637,91],{"class":61},[47,155639,155640,155642,155644,155646,155648,155650],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155641,167],{"class":166},[47,155643,170],{"class":61},[47,155645,1698],{"class":166},[47,155647,170],{"class":61},[47,155649,7684],{"class":173},[47,155651,506],{"class":61},[14,155653,155654],{},[575,155655,215],{},[37,155657,155658],{"className":39,"code":47135,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,155659,155660],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155661,155662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155663,47135],{"class":65},[773,155665,155667],{"id":155666},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155669,155670,155671,155673],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[575,155672,577],{}," always a tuple.",[37,155675,155677],{"className":39,"code":155676,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[44,155678,155679,155691,155703,155707,155721,155735],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155680,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155682,2430],{"class":53},[47,155684,58],{"class":57},[47,155686,62],{"class":61},[47,155688,104],{"class":65},[47,155690,80],{"class":61},[47,155692,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155694,2458],{"class":53},[47,155696,58],{"class":57},[47,155698,62],{"class":61},[47,155700,104],{"class":65},[47,155702,107],{"class":61},[47,155704,155705],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,155706,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,155708,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717,155719],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,155710,167],{"class":166},[47,155712,170],{"class":61},[47,155714,499],{"class":118},[47,155716,170],{"class":61},[47,155718,21],{"class":173},[47,155720,506],{"class":61},[47,155722,155723,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,155724,167],{"class":166},[47,155726,170],{"class":61},[47,155728,499],{"class":118},[47,155730,170],{"class":61},[47,155732,139],{"class":173},[47,155734,506],{"class":61},[47,155736,155737,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,155738,167],{"class":166},[47,155740,170],{"class":61},[47,155742,1698],{"class":166},[47,155744,170],{"class":61},[47,155746,139],{"class":173},[47,155748,506],{"class":61},[14,155750,155751],{},[575,155752,215],{},[37,155754,155756],{"className":39,"code":155755,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[44,155757,155758,155772,155786],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155759,155760,155762,155764,155766,155768,155770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155761,522],{"class":57},[47,155763,526],{"class":525},[47,155765,265],{"class":125},[47,155767,644],{"class":129},[47,155769,256],{"class":125},[47,155771,536],{"class":57},[47,155773,155774,155776,155778,155780,155782,155784],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155775,522],{"class":57},[47,155777,526],{"class":525},[47,155779,265],{"class":125},[47,155781,531],{"class":129},[47,155783,256],{"class":125},[47,155785,536],{"class":57},[47,155787,155788],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,155789,46800],{"class":65},[14,155791,155792,155793,4267,155796,30],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[21,155794,155795],{"href":147863},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[21,155797,24],{"href":23},[773,155799,155801],{"id":155800},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[37,155803,155805],{"className":39,"code":155804,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[44,155806,155807,155851],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155808,155809,155811,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821,155823,155825,155827,155829,155831,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847,155849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155810,879],{"class":53},[47,155812,58],{"class":57},[47,155814,62],{"class":61},[47,155816,126],{"class":125},[47,155818,405],{"class":129},[47,155820,126],{"class":125},[47,155822,69],{"class":61},[47,155824,957],{"class":61},[47,155826,66],{"class":65},[47,155828,69],{"class":61},[47,155830,72],{"class":65},[47,155832,17938],{"class":61},[47,155834,62],{"class":61},[47,155836,126],{"class":125},[47,155838,2049],{"class":129},[47,155840,126],{"class":125},[47,155842,69],{"class":61},[47,155844,136],{"class":125},[47,155846,11624],{"class":129},[47,155848,126],{"class":125},[47,155850,506],{"class":61},[47,155852,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155854,167],{"class":166},[47,155856,170],{"class":61},[47,155858,1698],{"class":166},[47,155860,170],{"class":61},[47,155862,908],{"class":173},[47,155864,506],{"class":61},[14,155866,155867],{},[575,155868,215],{},[37,155870,155871],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,155872,155873],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155874,155875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155876,46500],{"class":65},[14,155878,155879,155881],{},[44,155880,42242],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[32,155883,155885],{"id":155884},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[773,155887,155889,155891],{"id":155888},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[44,155890,42242],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[37,155893,155895],{"className":39,"code":155894,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[44,155896,155897,155921],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155898,155899,155901,155903,155905,155907,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917,155919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155900,3943],{"class":53},[47,155902,58],{"class":57},[47,155904,62],{"class":61},[47,155906,126],{"class":125},[47,155908,63475],{"class":129},[47,155910,126],{"class":125},[47,155912,69],{"class":61},[47,155914,136],{"class":125},[47,155916,41],{"class":129},[47,155918,126],{"class":125},[47,155920,80],{"class":61},[47,155922,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155924,167],{"class":166},[47,155926,170],{"class":61},[47,155928,1698],{"class":166},[47,155930,170],{"class":61},[47,155932,3986],{"class":173},[47,155934,506],{"class":61},[14,155936,155937],{},[575,155938,215],{},[37,155940,155941],{"className":39,"code":16933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,155942,155943],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155944,155945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155946,16933],{"class":65},[14,155948,155949,155950,155952],{},"This result is ",[44,155951,1931],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,155954,155955],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[37,155957,155959],{"className":39,"code":155958,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[44,155960,155961,155985],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,155962,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979,155981,155983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155964,3943],{"class":53},[47,155966,58],{"class":57},[47,155968,62],{"class":61},[47,155970,126],{"class":125},[47,155972,63475],{"class":129},[47,155974,126],{"class":125},[47,155976,69],{"class":61},[47,155978,136],{"class":125},[47,155980,41],{"class":129},[47,155982,126],{"class":125},[47,155984,80],{"class":61},[47,155986,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995,155997,155999,156001],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155988,167],{"class":166},[47,155990,170],{"class":61},[47,155992,1698],{"class":166},[47,155994,170],{"class":61},[47,155996,3986],{"class":173},[47,155998,3773],{"class":61},[47,156000,1237],{"class":65},[47,156002,2873],{"class":61},[14,156004,156005],{},[575,156006,215],{},[37,156008,156009],{"className":39,"code":16933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,156010,156011],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156012,156013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156014,16933],{"class":65},[14,156016,20648,156017,156020,156021,30],{},[44,156018,156019],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[44,156022,156023],{},"\"hi\"",[773,156025,156027,156029],{"id":156026},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[44,156028,42242],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[37,156031,156033],{"className":39,"code":156032,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[44,156034,156035,156071],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156036,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065,156067,156069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156038,1196],{"class":53},[47,156040,58],{"class":57},[47,156042,9870],{"class":61},[47,156044,66],{"class":65},[47,156046,69],{"class":61},[47,156048,72],{"class":65},[47,156050,954],{"class":61},[47,156052,62],{"class":61},[47,156054,1937],{"class":65},[47,156056,69],{"class":61},[47,156058,2333],{"class":65},[47,156060,954],{"class":61},[47,156062,62],{"class":61},[47,156064,104],{"class":65},[47,156066,69],{"class":61},[47,156068,37525],{"class":65},[47,156070,506],{"class":61},[47,156072,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156074,167],{"class":166},[47,156076,170],{"class":61},[47,156078,1698],{"class":166},[47,156080,170],{"class":61},[47,156082,1221],{"class":173},[47,156084,506],{"class":61},[14,156086,156087],{},[575,156088,215],{},[37,156090,156091],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,156092,156093],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156094,156095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156096,46500],{"class":65},[14,156098,156099],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[773,156101,156103],{"id":156102},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156105,25567],{},[37,156107,156109],{"className":39,"code":156108,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[44,156110,156111,156123],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156112,156113,156115,156117,156119,156121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156114,588],{"class":53},[47,156116,58],{"class":57},[47,156118,62],{"class":61},[47,156120,960],{"class":65},[47,156122,80],{"class":61},[47,156124,156125,156127,156129,156131,156133,156135],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156126,167],{"class":166},[47,156128,170],{"class":61},[47,156130,499],{"class":118},[47,156132,170],{"class":61},[47,156134,605],{"class":173},[47,156136,506],{"class":61},[14,156138,156139],{},[575,156140,215],{},[37,156142,156144],{"className":39,"code":156143,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[44,156145,156146],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156147,156148,156150,156152,156154,156156,156158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156149,522],{"class":57},[47,156151,526],{"class":525},[47,156153,265],{"class":125},[47,156155,644],{"class":129},[47,156157,256],{"class":125},[47,156159,536],{"class":57},[14,156161,156162],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[37,156164,156166],{"className":39,"code":156165,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[44,156167,156168,156180,156194],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156169,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156171,588],{"class":53},[47,156173,58],{"class":57},[47,156175,62],{"class":61},[47,156177,960],{"class":65},[47,156179,107],{"class":61},[47,156181,156182,156184,156186,156188,156190,156192],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156183,167],{"class":166},[47,156185,170],{"class":61},[47,156187,499],{"class":118},[47,156189,170],{"class":61},[47,156191,605],{"class":173},[47,156193,506],{"class":61},[47,156195,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156197,167],{"class":166},[47,156199,170],{"class":61},[47,156201,1698],{"class":166},[47,156203,170],{"class":61},[47,156205,605],{"class":173},[47,156207,506],{"class":61},[14,156209,156210],{},[575,156211,215],{},[37,156213,156215],{"className":39,"code":156214,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[44,156216,156217,156231],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156218,156219,156221,156223,156225,156227,156229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156220,522],{"class":57},[47,156222,526],{"class":525},[47,156224,265],{"class":125},[47,156226,531],{"class":129},[47,156228,256],{"class":125},[47,156230,536],{"class":57},[47,156232,156233],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156234,46800],{"class":65},[773,156236,156238,156240],{"id":156237},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[44,156239,1698],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156242,44311,156243,156245],{},[44,156244,1698],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156247,44342],{},[37,156249,156251],{"className":39,"code":156250,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[44,156252,156253,156261,156281],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156254,156255,156257,156259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156256,1698],{"class":166},[47,156258,13154],{"class":57},[47,156260,2463],{"class":65},[47,156262,156263,156265,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275,156277,156279],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156264,54],{"class":53},[47,156266,58],{"class":57},[47,156268,62],{"class":61},[47,156270,66],{"class":65},[47,156272,69],{"class":61},[47,156274,72],{"class":65},[47,156276,69],{"class":61},[47,156278,77],{"class":65},[47,156280,80],{"class":61},[47,156282,156283,156285,156287,156289,156291,156293],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156284,167],{"class":166},[47,156286,170],{"class":61},[47,156288,1698],{"class":166},[47,156290,170],{"class":61},[47,156292,174],{"class":173},[47,156294,506],{"class":61},[14,156296,39534,156297,156299],{},[44,156298,1698],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156301,156302],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[37,156304,156306],{"className":39,"code":156305,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[44,156307,156308,156317,156337],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156309,156310,156313,156315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156311,156312],{"class":53},"length_value ",[47,156314,58],{"class":57},[47,156316,2463],{"class":65},[47,156318,156319,156321,156323,156325,156327,156329,156331,156333,156335],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156320,54],{"class":53},[47,156322,58],{"class":57},[47,156324,62],{"class":61},[47,156326,66],{"class":65},[47,156328,69],{"class":61},[47,156330,72],{"class":65},[47,156332,69],{"class":61},[47,156334,77],{"class":65},[47,156336,80],{"class":61},[47,156338,156339,156341,156343,156345,156347,156349],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156340,167],{"class":166},[47,156342,170],{"class":61},[47,156344,1698],{"class":166},[47,156346,170],{"class":61},[47,156348,174],{"class":173},[47,156350,506],{"class":61},[14,156352,156353],{},[575,156354,215],{},[37,156356,156357],{"className":39,"code":46500,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,156358,156359],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156360,156361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156362,46500],{"class":65},[32,156364,156366],{"id":156365},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156368,156369,156371],{},[44,156370,42242],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[773,156373,156375],{"id":156374},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[37,156377,156379],{"className":39,"code":156378,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[44,156380,156381,156389,156393,156411],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156382,156383,156385,156387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156384,7654],{"class":53},[47,156386,58],{"class":57},[47,156388,91],{"class":61},[47,156390,156391],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156392,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,156394,156395,156397,156399,156401,156403,156405,156407,156409],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156396,6871],{"class":3749},[47,156398,38267],{"class":166},[47,156400,170],{"class":61},[47,156402,7684],{"class":173},[47,156404,3533],{"class":61},[47,156406,6283],{"class":57},[47,156408,3706],{"class":65},[47,156410,6268],{"class":61},[47,156412,156413,156415,156417,156419,156422,156424],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,156414,7944],{"class":166},[47,156416,170],{"class":61},[47,156418,126],{"class":125},[47,156420,156421],{"class":129},"The tuple is empty",[47,156423,126],{"class":125},[47,156425,80],{"class":61},[14,156427,156428],{},[575,156429,215],{},[37,156431,156433],{"className":39,"code":156432,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"The tuple is empty\n",[44,156434,156435],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156436,156437,156439,156441,156443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156438,1854],{"class":53},[47,156440,531],{"class":118},[47,156442,7972],{"class":57},[47,156444,7978],{"class":53},[773,156446,156448],{"id":156447},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[37,156450,156452],{"className":39,"code":156451,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[44,156453,156454,156470,156474,156492],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156455,156456,156458,156460,156462,156464,156466,156468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156457,51269],{"class":53},[47,156459,58],{"class":57},[47,156461,62],{"class":61},[47,156463,1210],{"class":65},[47,156465,69],{"class":61},[47,156467,5868],{"class":65},[47,156469,80],{"class":61},[47,156471,156472],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156473,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,156475,156476,156478,156480,156482,156484,156486,156488,156490],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156477,6871],{"class":3749},[47,156479,38267],{"class":166},[47,156481,170],{"class":61},[47,156483,51294],{"class":173},[47,156485,3533],{"class":61},[47,156487,6283],{"class":57},[47,156489,72],{"class":65},[47,156491,6268],{"class":61},[47,156493,156494,156496,156498,156500,156503,156505],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,156495,7944],{"class":166},[47,156497,170],{"class":61},[47,156499,126],{"class":125},[47,156501,156502],{"class":129},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[47,156504,126],{"class":125},[47,156506,80],{"class":61},[14,156508,156509],{},[575,156510,215],{},[37,156512,156514],{"className":39,"code":156513,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[44,156515,156516],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156517,156518,156521,156523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156519,156520],{"class":53},"This looks like an x",[47,156522,69],{"class":61},[47,156524,156525],{"class":53}," y coordinate\n",[773,156527,156529],{"id":156528},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[37,156531,156533],{"className":39,"code":156532,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[44,156534,156535,156564,156568,156586],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156536,156537,156539,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156555,156557,156560,156562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156538,11366],{"class":53},[47,156540,58],{"class":57},[47,156542,62],{"class":61},[47,156544,126],{"class":125},[47,156546,12760],{"class":129},[47,156548,126],{"class":125},[47,156550,69],{"class":61},[47,156552,9181],{"class":65},[47,156554,69],{"class":61},[47,156556,136],{"class":125},[47,156558,156559],{"class":129},"Canada",[47,156561,126],{"class":125},[47,156563,80],{"class":61},[47,156565,156566],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156567,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,156569,156570,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580,156582,156584],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156571,6871],{"class":3749},[47,156573,38267],{"class":166},[47,156575,170],{"class":61},[47,156577,11460],{"class":173},[47,156579,3533],{"class":61},[47,156581,6283],{"class":57},[47,156583,77],{"class":65},[47,156585,6268],{"class":61},[47,156587,156588,156590,156592,156594,156597,156599],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,156589,7944],{"class":166},[47,156591,170],{"class":61},[47,156593,126],{"class":125},[47,156595,156596],{"class":129},"User record has the expected number of values",[47,156598,126],{"class":125},[47,156600,80],{"class":61},[14,156602,156603],{},[575,156604,215],{},[37,156606,156608],{"className":39,"code":156607,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[44,156609,156610],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156611,156612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156613,156607],{"class":53},[773,156615,156617],{"id":156616},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[37,156619,156621],{"className":39,"code":156620,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[44,156622,156623,156655,156659,156679],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156624,156625,156627,156629,156631,156633,156635,156637,156639,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649,156651,156653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156626,1118],{"class":53},[47,156628,58],{"class":57},[47,156630,62],{"class":61},[47,156632,126],{"class":125},[47,156634,21],{"class":129},[47,156636,126],{"class":125},[47,156638,69],{"class":61},[47,156640,136],{"class":125},[47,156642,139],{"class":129},[47,156644,126],{"class":125},[47,156646,69],{"class":61},[47,156648,136],{"class":125},[47,156650,148],{"class":129},[47,156652,126],{"class":125},[47,156654,80],{"class":61},[47,156656,156657],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156658,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,156660,156661,156663,156665,156667,156669,156671,156673,156675,156677],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156662,5832],{"class":3749},[47,156664,69427],{"class":53},[47,156666,3756],{"class":3749},[47,156668,53955],{"class":166},[47,156670,170],{"class":61},[47,156672,1698],{"class":166},[47,156674,170],{"class":61},[47,156676,1142],{"class":173},[47,156678,69442],{"class":61},[47,156680,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689,156691,156693,156695],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,156682,7944],{"class":166},[47,156684,170],{"class":61},[47,156686,36035],{"class":173},[47,156688,69],{"class":61},[47,156690,69975],{"class":173},[47,156692,3773],{"class":61},[47,156694,36035],{"class":173},[47,156696,153],{"class":61},[14,156698,156699],{},[575,156700,215],{},[37,156702,156703],{"className":39,"code":36047,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,156704,156705,156711,156717],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156706,156707,156709],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156708,1237],{"class":65},[47,156710,36056],{"class":53},[47,156712,156713,156715],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156714,66],{"class":65},[47,156716,36063],{"class":53},[47,156718,156719,156721],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156720,1931],{"class":65},[47,156722,36070],{"class":53},[14,156724,156725,156726,156728,156729,30],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[21,156727,460],{"href":459},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[21,156730,1774],{"href":1773},[32,156732,1284],{"id":1283},[14,156734,156735],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[291,156737,156738,156746,156753,156758],{},[294,156739,156740,156741,10969,156744],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[44,156742,156743],{},"(5)",[44,156745,285],{},[294,156747,8294,156748,156750,156751],{},[44,156749,1698],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[44,156752,42242],{},[294,156754,8330,156755,156757],{},[44,156756,42242],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[294,156759,156760],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,156762,31961],{},[37,156764,156766],{"className":39,"code":156765,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[44,156767,156768,156778,156792,156806],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156769,156770,156772,156774,156776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156771,167],{"class":166},[47,156773,170],{"class":61},[47,156775,1673],{"class":173},[47,156777,80],{"class":61},[47,156779,156780,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156781,167],{"class":166},[47,156783,170],{"class":61},[47,156785,499],{"class":118},[47,156787,170],{"class":61},[47,156789,1673],{"class":173},[47,156791,506],{"class":61},[47,156793,156794,156796,156798,156800,156802,156804],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156795,167],{"class":166},[47,156797,170],{"class":61},[47,156799,1698],{"class":166},[47,156801,170],{"class":61},[47,156803,1673],{"class":173},[47,156805,506],{"class":61},[47,156807,156808,156810,156812,156814],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,156809,32031],{"class":166},[47,156811,170],{"class":61},[47,156813,1698],{"class":166},[47,156815,80],{"class":61},[14,156817,154930],{},[291,156819,156820,156823,156826,156830],{},[294,156821,156822],{},"what value you are using",[294,156824,156825],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[294,156827,25896,156828,11584],{},[44,156829,42242],{},[294,156831,123255,156832,156834],{},[44,156833,42242],{}," is documented in Python",[32,156836,1708],{"id":1707},[773,156838,156840],{"id":156839},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,156842,1967,156843,156846],{},[44,156844,156845],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[773,156848,12584,156850,149036],{"id":156849},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[44,156851,42242],{},[14,156853,46248,156854,156856],{},[44,156855,42242],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[773,156858,156860],{"id":156859},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,156862,156863,156864,30],{},"The length is ",[44,156865,1237],{},[773,156867,156869],{"id":156868},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,156871,1715,156872,156874],{},[44,156873,1718],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[773,156876,12584,156878,156880],{"id":156877},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[44,156879,42242],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,156882,156883],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[32,156885,1758],{"id":1757},[291,156887,156888,156894,156898,156902,156906],{},[294,156889,156890],{},[21,156891,3448,156892,3381],{"href":42239},[44,156893,42242],{},[294,156895,156896],{},[21,156897,155795],{"href":147863},[294,156899,156900],{},[21,156901,460],{"href":459},[294,156903,156904],{},[21,156905,1774],{"href":1773},[294,156907,156908],{},[21,156909,156910],{"href":23},"What is a tuple in Python",[1796,156912,156913],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":156915},[156916,156917,156918,156925,156931,156940,156946,156947,156956],{"id":288,"depth":83,"text":289},{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":155283,"depth":83,"text":156919,"children":156920},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156921,156922,156923,156924],{"id":155295,"depth":94,"text":155296},{"id":155362,"depth":94,"text":155363},{"id":155407,"depth":94,"text":155408},{"id":155456,"depth":94,"text":155457},{"id":155545,"depth":83,"text":155546,"children":156926},[156927,156928,156929,156930],{"id":155549,"depth":94,"text":155550},{"id":155624,"depth":94,"text":155363},{"id":155666,"depth":94,"text":155667},{"id":155800,"depth":94,"text":155801},{"id":155884,"depth":83,"text":155885,"children":156932},[156933,156935,156937,156938],{"id":155888,"depth":94,"text":156934},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156026,"depth":94,"text":156936},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156102,"depth":94,"text":156103},{"id":156237,"depth":94,"text":156939},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156365,"depth":83,"text":156366,"children":156941},[156942,156943,156944,156945],{"id":156374,"depth":94,"text":156375},{"id":156447,"depth":94,"text":156448},{"id":156528,"depth":94,"text":156529},{"id":156616,"depth":94,"text":156617},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":156948},[156949,156950,156952,156953,156954],{"id":156839,"depth":94,"text":156840},{"id":156849,"depth":94,"text":156951},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156859,"depth":94,"text":156860},{"id":156868,"depth":94,"text":156869},{"id":156877,"depth":94,"text":156955},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155067,"description":156957},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156964,"title":156965,"body":156966,"description":159351,"extension":1837,"meta":159352,"navigation":159,"path":159353,"seo":159354,"stem":159355,"__hash__":159356},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156967,"toc":159312},[156968,156971,156974,156977,157000,157006,157008,157119,157123,157126,157136,157138,157237,157239,157316,157322,157326,157329,157352,157355,157372,157375,157377,157440,157442,157459,157470,157475,157477,157480,157486,157537,157539,157559,157563,157614,157616,157637,157641,157696,157698,157719,157723,157778,157780,157801,157805,157858,157860,157889,157891,157893,157896,157900,157957,157959,157980,157984,158037,158039,158064,158069,158073,158078,158096,158099,158162,158164,158185,158188,158249,158251,158272,158275,158318,158321,158325,158330,158334,158413,158415,158446,158450,158525,158527,158554,158558,158605,158607,158615,158620,158624,158627,158642,158644,158732,158734,158759,158762,158805,158814,158816,158819,158834,158837,158841,158895,158897,158917,158922,158926,158928,158966,158969,159019,159023,159096,159098,159135,159138,159140,159143,159163,159166,159235,159237,159250,159252,159256,159259,159263,159266,159271,159274,159280,159285,159287,159309],[10,156969,156965],{"id":156970},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,156972,156973],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,156975,156976],{},"Use this format:",[37,156978,156980],{"className":39,"code":156979,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[44,156981,156982],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,156983,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996,156998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156985,531],{"class":53},[47,156987,3773],{"class":61},[47,156989,35955],{"class":53},[47,156991,2760],{"class":61},[47,156993,75305],{"class":53},[47,156995,2760],{"class":61},[47,156997,75308],{"class":53},[47,156999,1402],{"class":61},[14,157001,1854,157002,75341,157004,30],{},[44,157003,75305],{},[575,157005,64948],{},[32,157007,35],{"id":34},[37,157009,157011],{"className":39,"code":157010,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[44,157012,157013,157041,157045,157066,157083,157100],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157014,157015,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157016,54],{"class":53},[47,157018,58],{"class":57},[47,157020,62],{"class":61},[47,157022,960],{"class":65},[47,157024,69],{"class":61},[47,157026,965],{"class":65},[47,157028,69],{"class":61},[47,157030,7669],{"class":65},[47,157032,69],{"class":61},[47,157034,50727],{"class":65},[47,157036,69],{"class":61},[47,157038,4956],{"class":65},[47,157040,80],{"class":61},[47,157042,157043],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157044,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,157046,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061,157063],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157048,167],{"class":166},[47,157050,170],{"class":61},[47,157052,174],{"class":173},[47,157054,3773],{"class":61},[47,157056,66],{"class":65},[47,157058,2760],{"class":61},[47,157060,1210],{"class":65},[47,157062,20323],{"class":61},[47,157064,157065],{"class":1494},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[47,157067,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078,157080],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,157069,167],{"class":166},[47,157071,170],{"class":61},[47,157073,174],{"class":173},[47,157075,75414],{"class":61},[47,157077,1937],{"class":65},[47,157079,20323],{"class":61},[47,157081,157082],{"class":1494},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[47,157084,157085,157087,157089,157091,157093,157095,157097],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,157086,167],{"class":166},[47,157088,170],{"class":61},[47,157090,174],{"class":173},[47,157092,74001],{"class":61},[47,157094,1931],{"class":65},[47,157096,20323],{"class":61},[47,157098,157099],{"class":1494},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[47,157101,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110,157112,157114,157116],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,157103,167],{"class":166},[47,157105,170],{"class":61},[47,157107,174],{"class":173},[47,157109,74001],{"class":61},[47,157111,1896],{"class":57},[47,157113,66],{"class":65},[47,157115,20323],{"class":61},[47,157117,157118],{"class":1494},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[32,157120,157122],{"id":157121},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157124,157125],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[291,157127,157128,157130,157133],{},[294,157129,75608],{},[294,157131,157132],{},"The result is a new tuple",[294,157134,157135],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157137,2083],{},[37,157139,157141],{"className":39,"code":157140,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[44,157142,157143,157191,157195,157213,157217,157227],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157144,157145,157147,157149,157151,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157146,1118],{"class":53},[47,157148,58],{"class":57},[47,157150,62],{"class":61},[47,157152,126],{"class":125},[47,157154,21],{"class":129},[47,157156,126],{"class":125},[47,157158,69],{"class":61},[47,157160,136],{"class":125},[47,157162,139],{"class":129},[47,157164,126],{"class":125},[47,157166,69],{"class":61},[47,157168,136],{"class":125},[47,157170,148],{"class":129},[47,157172,126],{"class":125},[47,157174,69],{"class":61},[47,157176,136],{"class":125},[47,157178,18644],{"class":129},[47,157180,126],{"class":125},[47,157182,69],{"class":61},[47,157184,136],{"class":125},[47,157186,60328],{"class":129},[47,157188,126],{"class":125},[47,157190,80],{"class":61},[47,157192,157193],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157194,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,157196,157197,157199,157201,157203,157205,157207,157209,157211],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157198,75538],{"class":53},[47,157200,58],{"class":57},[47,157202,69975],{"class":53},[47,157204,3773],{"class":61},[47,157206,66],{"class":65},[47,157208,2760],{"class":61},[47,157210,1210],{"class":65},[47,157212,1402],{"class":61},[47,157214,157215],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,157216,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,157218,157219,157221,157223,157225],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,157220,167],{"class":166},[47,157222,170],{"class":61},[47,157224,75561],{"class":173},[47,157226,80],{"class":61},[47,157228,157229,157231,157233,157235],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,157230,167],{"class":166},[47,157232,170],{"class":61},[47,157234,1142],{"class":173},[47,157236,80],{"class":61},[14,157238,215],{},[37,157240,157242],{"className":39,"code":157241,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[44,157243,157244,157272],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157245,157246,157248,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157247,170],{"class":61},[47,157249,256],{"class":125},[47,157251,139],{"class":129},[47,157253,256],{"class":125},[47,157255,69],{"class":61},[47,157257,265],{"class":125},[47,157259,148],{"class":129},[47,157261,256],{"class":125},[47,157263,69],{"class":61},[47,157265,265],{"class":125},[47,157267,18644],{"class":129},[47,157269,256],{"class":125},[47,157271,80],{"class":61},[47,157273,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282,157284,157286,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157275,170],{"class":61},[47,157277,256],{"class":125},[47,157279,21],{"class":129},[47,157281,256],{"class":125},[47,157283,69],{"class":61},[47,157285,265],{"class":125},[47,157287,139],{"class":129},[47,157289,256],{"class":125},[47,157291,69],{"class":61},[47,157293,265],{"class":125},[47,157295,148],{"class":129},[47,157297,256],{"class":125},[47,157299,69],{"class":61},[47,157301,265],{"class":125},[47,157303,18644],{"class":129},[47,157305,256],{"class":125},[47,157307,69],{"class":61},[47,157309,265],{"class":125},[47,157311,60328],{"class":129},[47,157313,256],{"class":125},[47,157315,80],{"class":61},[14,157317,157318,157319,30],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[21,157320,29],{"href":157321},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[32,157323,157325],{"id":157324},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157327,157328],{},"The full syntax is:",[37,157330,157332],{"className":39,"code":157331,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[44,157333,157334],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157335,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157337,1673],{"class":53},[47,157339,3773],{"class":61},[47,157341,35955],{"class":53},[47,157343,2760],{"class":61},[47,157345,75305],{"class":53},[47,157347,2760],{"class":61},[47,157349,75308],{"class":53},[47,157351,1402],{"class":61},[14,157353,157354],{},"Each part has a job:",[291,157356,157357,157362,157367],{},[294,157358,157359,157361],{},[44,157360,35955],{},": where slicing begins",[294,157363,157364,157366],{},[44,157365,75305],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[294,157368,157369,157371],{},[44,157370,75308],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157373,157374],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157376,2083],{},[37,157378,157380],{"className":39,"code":157379,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[44,157381,157382,157414,157418],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157383,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157385,54],{"class":53},[47,157387,58],{"class":57},[47,157389,62],{"class":61},[47,157391,960],{"class":65},[47,157393,69],{"class":61},[47,157395,965],{"class":65},[47,157397,69],{"class":61},[47,157399,7669],{"class":65},[47,157401,69],{"class":61},[47,157403,50727],{"class":65},[47,157405,69],{"class":61},[47,157407,4956],{"class":65},[47,157409,69],{"class":61},[47,157411,75979],{"class":65},[47,157413,80],{"class":61},[47,157415,157416],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157417,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,157419,157420,157422,157424,157426,157428,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157421,167],{"class":166},[47,157423,170],{"class":61},[47,157425,174],{"class":173},[47,157427,3773],{"class":61},[47,157429,66],{"class":65},[47,157431,2760],{"class":61},[47,157433,104],{"class":65},[47,157435,2760],{"class":61},[47,157437,1931],{"class":65},[47,157439,153],{"class":61},[14,157441,215],{},[37,157443,157445],{"className":39,"code":157444,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(20, 40)\n",[44,157446,157447],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157448,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157450,170],{"class":61},[47,157452,15632],{"class":65},[47,157454,69],{"class":61},[47,157456,50727],{"class":65},[47,157458,80],{"class":61},[14,157460,157461,157462,157464,157465,157467,157468,30],{},"This starts at index ",[44,157463,66],{},", stops before index ",[44,157466,104],{},", and moves by ",[44,157469,1931],{},[14,157471,157472,157473,30],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[21,157474,460],{"href":152802},[32,157476,75895],{"id":75894},[14,157478,157479],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[773,157481,157483,157484,5840],{"id":157482},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[44,157485,75909],{},[37,157487,157489],{"className":39,"code":157488,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[44,157490,157491,157519,157523],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157492,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513,157515,157517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157494,54],{"class":53},[47,157496,58],{"class":57},[47,157498,62],{"class":61},[47,157500,960],{"class":65},[47,157502,69],{"class":61},[47,157504,965],{"class":65},[47,157506,69],{"class":61},[47,157508,7669],{"class":65},[47,157510,69],{"class":61},[47,157512,50727],{"class":65},[47,157514,69],{"class":61},[47,157516,4956],{"class":65},[47,157518,80],{"class":61},[47,157520,157521],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157522,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,157524,157525,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157526,167],{"class":166},[47,157528,170],{"class":61},[47,157530,174],{"class":173},[47,157532,75414],{"class":61},[47,157534,1937],{"class":65},[47,157536,153],{"class":61},[14,157538,215],{},[37,157540,157541],{"className":39,"code":151068,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,157542,157543],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157544,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157546,170],{"class":61},[47,157548,960],{"class":65},[47,157550,69],{"class":61},[47,157552,965],{"class":65},[47,157554,69],{"class":61},[47,157556,7669],{"class":65},[47,157558,80],{"class":61},[773,157560,157562],{"id":157561},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[37,157564,157566],{"className":39,"code":157565,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[44,157567,157568,157596,157600],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157569,157570,157572,157574,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157571,54],{"class":53},[47,157573,58],{"class":57},[47,157575,62],{"class":61},[47,157577,960],{"class":65},[47,157579,69],{"class":61},[47,157581,965],{"class":65},[47,157583,69],{"class":61},[47,157585,7669],{"class":65},[47,157587,69],{"class":61},[47,157589,50727],{"class":65},[47,157591,69],{"class":61},[47,157593,4956],{"class":65},[47,157595,80],{"class":61},[47,157597,157598],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157599,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,157601,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157603,167],{"class":166},[47,157605,170],{"class":61},[47,157607,174],{"class":173},[47,157609,3773],{"class":61},[47,157611,1931],{"class":65},[47,157613,77595],{"class":61},[14,157615,215],{},[37,157617,157619],{"className":39,"code":157618,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[44,157620,157621],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157622,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157624,170],{"class":61},[47,157626,36723],{"class":65},[47,157628,69],{"class":61},[47,157630,50727],{"class":65},[47,157632,69],{"class":61},[47,157634,4956],{"class":65},[47,157636,80],{"class":61},[773,157638,157640],{"id":157639},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[37,157642,157644],{"className":39,"code":157643,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[44,157645,157646,157674,157678],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157647,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157649,54],{"class":53},[47,157651,58],{"class":57},[47,157653,62],{"class":61},[47,157655,960],{"class":65},[47,157657,69],{"class":61},[47,157659,965],{"class":65},[47,157661,69],{"class":61},[47,157663,7669],{"class":65},[47,157665,69],{"class":61},[47,157667,50727],{"class":65},[47,157669,69],{"class":61},[47,157671,4956],{"class":65},[47,157673,80],{"class":61},[47,157675,157676],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157677,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,157679,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157681,167],{"class":166},[47,157683,170],{"class":61},[47,157685,174],{"class":173},[47,157687,3773],{"class":61},[47,157689,66],{"class":65},[47,157691,2760],{"class":61},[47,157693,1210],{"class":65},[47,157695,153],{"class":61},[14,157697,215],{},[37,157699,157701],{"className":39,"code":157700,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[44,157702,157703],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157704,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157706,170],{"class":61},[47,157708,15632],{"class":65},[47,157710,69],{"class":61},[47,157712,7669],{"class":65},[47,157714,69],{"class":61},[47,157716,50727],{"class":65},[47,157718,80],{"class":61},[773,157720,157722],{"id":157721},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[37,157724,157726],{"className":39,"code":157725,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[44,157727,157728,157760,157764],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157729,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750,157752,157754,157756,157758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157731,54],{"class":53},[47,157733,58],{"class":57},[47,157735,62],{"class":61},[47,157737,960],{"class":65},[47,157739,69],{"class":61},[47,157741,965],{"class":65},[47,157743,69],{"class":61},[47,157745,7669],{"class":65},[47,157747,69],{"class":61},[47,157749,50727],{"class":65},[47,157751,69],{"class":61},[47,157753,4956],{"class":65},[47,157755,69],{"class":61},[47,157757,75979],{"class":65},[47,157759,80],{"class":61},[47,157761,157762],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157763,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,157765,157766,157768,157770,157772,157774,157776],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157767,167],{"class":166},[47,157769,170],{"class":61},[47,157771,174],{"class":173},[47,157773,74001],{"class":61},[47,157775,1931],{"class":65},[47,157777,153],{"class":61},[14,157779,215],{},[37,157781,157783],{"className":39,"code":157782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[44,157784,157785],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157786,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157788,170],{"class":61},[47,157790,960],{"class":65},[47,157792,69],{"class":61},[47,157794,7669],{"class":65},[47,157796,69],{"class":61},[47,157798,4956],{"class":65},[47,157800,80],{"class":61},[773,157802,157804],{"id":157803},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[37,157806,157808],{"className":39,"code":157807,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[44,157809,157810,157838,157842],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157811,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157813,54],{"class":53},[47,157815,58],{"class":57},[47,157817,62],{"class":61},[47,157819,960],{"class":65},[47,157821,69],{"class":61},[47,157823,965],{"class":65},[47,157825,69],{"class":61},[47,157827,7669],{"class":65},[47,157829,69],{"class":61},[47,157831,50727],{"class":65},[47,157833,69],{"class":61},[47,157835,4956],{"class":65},[47,157837,80],{"class":61},[47,157839,157840],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157841,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,157843,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157845,167],{"class":166},[47,157847,170],{"class":61},[47,157849,174],{"class":173},[47,157851,74001],{"class":61},[47,157853,1896],{"class":57},[47,157855,66],{"class":65},[47,157857,153],{"class":61},[14,157859,215],{},[37,157861,157863],{"className":39,"code":157862,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[44,157864,157865],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157866,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157868,170],{"class":61},[47,157870,76673],{"class":65},[47,157872,69],{"class":61},[47,157874,50727],{"class":65},[47,157876,69],{"class":61},[47,157878,7669],{"class":65},[47,157880,69],{"class":61},[47,157882,965],{"class":65},[47,157884,69],{"class":61},[47,157886,5879],{"class":65},[47,157888,80],{"class":61},[32,157890,76189],{"id":76188},[14,157892,154075],{},[14,157894,157895],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[773,157897,157899],{"id":157898},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[37,157901,157903],{"className":39,"code":157902,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[44,157904,157905,157937,157941],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157906,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157908,54],{"class":53},[47,157910,58],{"class":57},[47,157912,62],{"class":61},[47,157914,960],{"class":65},[47,157916,69],{"class":61},[47,157918,965],{"class":65},[47,157920,69],{"class":61},[47,157922,7669],{"class":65},[47,157924,69],{"class":61},[47,157926,50727],{"class":65},[47,157928,69],{"class":61},[47,157930,4956],{"class":65},[47,157932,69],{"class":61},[47,157934,75979],{"class":65},[47,157936,80],{"class":61},[47,157938,157939],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157940,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,157942,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157944,167],{"class":166},[47,157946,170],{"class":61},[47,157948,174],{"class":173},[47,157950,3773],{"class":61},[47,157952,1896],{"class":57},[47,157954,1937],{"class":65},[47,157956,77595],{"class":61},[14,157958,215],{},[37,157960,157962],{"className":39,"code":157961,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[44,157963,157964],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157965,157966,157968,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157967,170],{"class":61},[47,157969,56576],{"class":65},[47,157971,69],{"class":61},[47,157973,4956],{"class":65},[47,157975,69],{"class":61},[47,157977,75979],{"class":65},[47,157979,80],{"class":61},[773,157981,157983],{"id":157982},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[37,157985,157987],{"className":39,"code":157986,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[44,157988,157989,158017,158021],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,157990,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157992,54],{"class":53},[47,157994,58],{"class":57},[47,157996,62],{"class":61},[47,157998,960],{"class":65},[47,158000,69],{"class":61},[47,158002,965],{"class":65},[47,158004,69],{"class":61},[47,158006,7669],{"class":65},[47,158008,69],{"class":61},[47,158010,50727],{"class":65},[47,158012,69],{"class":61},[47,158014,4956],{"class":65},[47,158016,80],{"class":61},[47,158018,158019],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158020,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158022,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158024,167],{"class":166},[47,158026,170],{"class":61},[47,158028,174],{"class":173},[47,158030,75414],{"class":61},[47,158032,1896],{"class":57},[47,158034,66],{"class":65},[47,158036,153],{"class":61},[14,158038,215],{},[37,158040,158042],{"className":39,"code":158041,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[44,158043,158044],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158045,158046,158048,158050,158052,158054,158056,158058,158060,158062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158047,170],{"class":61},[47,158049,960],{"class":65},[47,158051,69],{"class":61},[47,158053,965],{"class":65},[47,158055,69],{"class":61},[47,158057,7669],{"class":65},[47,158059,69],{"class":61},[47,158061,50727],{"class":65},[47,158063,80],{"class":61},[14,158065,158066,158067,30],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[21,158068,1780],{"href":156959},[32,158070,158072],{"id":158071},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158074,1854,158075,158077],{},[44,158076,75308],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[291,158079,158080,158082,158084,158090],{},[294,158081,76445],{},[294,158083,76448],{},[294,158085,158086,158089],{},[44,158087,158088],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[294,158091,158092,158093,158095],{},"A step of ",[44,158094,1237],{}," is not allowed",[14,158097,158098],{},"Example with a positive step:",[37,158100,158102],{"className":39,"code":158101,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[44,158103,158104,158136,158140],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158105,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158107,54],{"class":53},[47,158109,58],{"class":57},[47,158111,62],{"class":61},[47,158113,960],{"class":65},[47,158115,69],{"class":61},[47,158117,965],{"class":65},[47,158119,69],{"class":61},[47,158121,7669],{"class":65},[47,158123,69],{"class":61},[47,158125,50727],{"class":65},[47,158127,69],{"class":61},[47,158129,4956],{"class":65},[47,158131,69],{"class":61},[47,158133,75979],{"class":65},[47,158135,80],{"class":61},[47,158137,158138],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158139,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158141,158142,158144,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158143,167],{"class":166},[47,158145,170],{"class":61},[47,158147,174],{"class":173},[47,158149,3773],{"class":61},[47,158151,66],{"class":65},[47,158153,2760],{"class":61},[47,158155,80473],{"class":65},[47,158157,2760],{"class":61},[47,158159,1931],{"class":65},[47,158161,153],{"class":61},[14,158163,215],{},[37,158165,158167],{"className":39,"code":158166,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[44,158168,158169],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158170,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158172,170],{"class":61},[47,158174,15632],{"class":65},[47,158176,69],{"class":61},[47,158178,50727],{"class":65},[47,158180,69],{"class":61},[47,158182,75979],{"class":65},[47,158184,80],{"class":61},[14,158186,158187],{},"Example with a negative step:",[37,158189,158191],{"className":39,"code":158190,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[44,158192,158193,158221,158225],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158194,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158196,54],{"class":53},[47,158198,58],{"class":57},[47,158200,62],{"class":61},[47,158202,960],{"class":65},[47,158204,69],{"class":61},[47,158206,965],{"class":65},[47,158208,69],{"class":61},[47,158210,7669],{"class":65},[47,158212,69],{"class":61},[47,158214,50727],{"class":65},[47,158216,69],{"class":61},[47,158218,4956],{"class":65},[47,158220,80],{"class":61},[47,158222,158223],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158224,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158226,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158228,167],{"class":166},[47,158230,170],{"class":61},[47,158232,174],{"class":173},[47,158234,3773],{"class":61},[47,158236,1210],{"class":65},[47,158238,2760],{"class":61},[47,158240,66],{"class":65},[47,158242,2760],{"class":61},[47,158244,1896],{"class":57},[47,158246,66],{"class":65},[47,158248,153],{"class":61},[14,158250,215],{},[37,158252,158254],{"className":39,"code":158253,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[44,158255,158256],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158257,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158259,170],{"class":61},[47,158261,76673],{"class":65},[47,158263,69],{"class":61},[47,158265,50727],{"class":65},[47,158267,69],{"class":61},[47,158269,7669],{"class":65},[47,158271,80],{"class":61},[14,158273,158274],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[37,158276,158278],{"className":39,"code":158277,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[44,158279,158280,158300,158304],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158281,158282,158284,158286,158288,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158283,54],{"class":53},[47,158285,58],{"class":57},[47,158287,62],{"class":61},[47,158289,960],{"class":65},[47,158291,69],{"class":61},[47,158293,965],{"class":65},[47,158295,69],{"class":61},[47,158297,7669],{"class":65},[47,158299,80],{"class":61},[47,158301,158302],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158303,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158305,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158307,167],{"class":166},[47,158309,170],{"class":61},[47,158311,174],{"class":173},[47,158313,74001],{"class":61},[47,158315,1237],{"class":65},[47,158317,153],{"class":61},[14,158319,158320],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[32,158322,158324],{"id":158323},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158326,158327,158328,33621],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[575,158329,531],{},[773,158331,158333],{"id":158332},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[37,158335,158337],{"className":39,"code":158336,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[44,158338,158339,158363,158367,158385,158389,158399],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158340,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158342,54],{"class":53},[47,158344,58],{"class":57},[47,158346,62],{"class":61},[47,158348,960],{"class":65},[47,158350,69],{"class":61},[47,158352,965],{"class":65},[47,158354,69],{"class":61},[47,158356,7669],{"class":65},[47,158358,69],{"class":61},[47,158360,50727],{"class":65},[47,158362,80],{"class":61},[47,158364,158365],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158366,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158368,158369,158371,158373,158375,158377,158379,158381,158383],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158370,2106],{"class":53},[47,158372,58],{"class":57},[47,158374,4136],{"class":53},[47,158376,3773],{"class":61},[47,158378,66],{"class":65},[47,158380,2760],{"class":61},[47,158382,1937],{"class":65},[47,158384,1402],{"class":61},[47,158386,158387],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,158388,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158390,158391,158393,158395,158397],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,158392,167],{"class":166},[47,158394,170],{"class":61},[47,158396,2141],{"class":173},[47,158398,80],{"class":61},[47,158400,158401,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,158402,167],{"class":166},[47,158404,170],{"class":61},[47,158406,499],{"class":118},[47,158408,170],{"class":61},[47,158410,2141],{"class":173},[47,158412,506],{"class":61},[14,158414,215],{},[37,158416,158418],{"className":39,"code":158417,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[44,158419,158420,158432],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158421,158422,158424,158426,158428,158430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158423,170],{"class":61},[47,158425,15632],{"class":65},[47,158427,69],{"class":61},[47,158429,7669],{"class":65},[47,158431,80],{"class":61},[47,158433,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158435,522],{"class":57},[47,158437,526],{"class":525},[47,158439,265],{"class":125},[47,158441,531],{"class":129},[47,158443,256],{"class":125},[47,158445,536],{"class":57},[773,158447,158449],{"id":158448},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[37,158451,158453],{"className":39,"code":158452,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[44,158454,158455,158475,158479,158497,158501,158511],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158456,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158458,54],{"class":53},[47,158460,58],{"class":57},[47,158462,62],{"class":61},[47,158464,960],{"class":65},[47,158466,69],{"class":61},[47,158468,965],{"class":65},[47,158470,69],{"class":61},[47,158472,7669],{"class":65},[47,158474,80],{"class":61},[47,158476,158477],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158478,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158480,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158482,2106],{"class":53},[47,158484,58],{"class":57},[47,158486,4136],{"class":53},[47,158488,3773],{"class":61},[47,158490,66],{"class":65},[47,158492,2760],{"class":61},[47,158494,1931],{"class":65},[47,158496,1402],{"class":61},[47,158498,158499],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,158500,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158502,158503,158505,158507,158509],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,158504,167],{"class":166},[47,158506,170],{"class":61},[47,158508,2141],{"class":173},[47,158510,80],{"class":61},[47,158512,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,158514,167],{"class":166},[47,158516,170],{"class":61},[47,158518,499],{"class":118},[47,158520,170],{"class":61},[47,158522,2141],{"class":173},[47,158524,506],{"class":61},[14,158526,215],{},[37,158528,158530],{"className":39,"code":158529,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[44,158531,158532,158540],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158533,158534,158536,158538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158535,170],{"class":61},[47,158537,15632],{"class":65},[47,158539,107],{"class":61},[47,158541,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158543,522],{"class":57},[47,158545,526],{"class":525},[47,158547,265],{"class":125},[47,158549,531],{"class":129},[47,158551,256],{"class":125},[47,158553,536],{"class":57},[773,158555,158557],{"id":158556},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[37,158559,158561],{"className":39,"code":158560,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[44,158562,158563,158583,158587],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158564,158565,158567,158569,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158566,54],{"class":53},[47,158568,58],{"class":57},[47,158570,62],{"class":61},[47,158572,960],{"class":65},[47,158574,69],{"class":61},[47,158576,965],{"class":65},[47,158578,69],{"class":61},[47,158580,7669],{"class":65},[47,158582,80],{"class":61},[47,158584,158585],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158586,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158588,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158590,167],{"class":166},[47,158592,170],{"class":61},[47,158594,174],{"class":173},[47,158596,3773],{"class":61},[47,158598,104],{"class":65},[47,158600,2760],{"class":61},[47,158602,2222],{"class":65},[47,158604,153],{"class":61},[14,158606,215],{},[37,158608,158609],{"className":39,"code":241,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,158610,158611],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158612,158613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158614,241],{"class":61},[14,158616,158617,158618,30],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[21,158619,155795],{"href":1839},[32,158621,158623],{"id":158622},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158625,158626],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[291,158628,158629,158631,158634,158639],{},[294,158630,76754],{},[294,158632,158633],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[294,158635,158636,158637],{},"Indexing can raise ",[44,158638,70610],{},[294,158640,158641],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158643,2083],{},[37,158645,158647],{"className":39,"code":158646,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[44,158648,158649,158669,158673,158690,158711],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158650,158651,158653,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663,158665,158667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158652,54],{"class":53},[47,158654,58],{"class":57},[47,158656,62],{"class":61},[47,158658,960],{"class":65},[47,158660,69],{"class":61},[47,158662,965],{"class":65},[47,158664,69],{"class":61},[47,158666,7669],{"class":65},[47,158668,80],{"class":61},[47,158670,158671],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158672,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158674,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158676,167],{"class":166},[47,158678,170],{"class":61},[47,158680,174],{"class":173},[47,158682,3773],{"class":61},[47,158684,66],{"class":65},[47,158686,20323],{"class":61},[47,158688,158689],{"class":1494},"    # one item\n",[47,158691,158692,158694,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706,158708],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,158693,167],{"class":166},[47,158695,170],{"class":61},[47,158697,174],{"class":173},[47,158699,3773],{"class":61},[47,158701,66],{"class":65},[47,158703,2760],{"class":61},[47,158705,104],{"class":65},[47,158707,20323],{"class":61},[47,158709,158710],{"class":1494},"  # slice\n",[47,158712,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,158714,167],{"class":166},[47,158716,170],{"class":61},[47,158718,174],{"class":173},[47,158720,3773],{"class":61},[47,158722,104],{"class":65},[47,158724,2760],{"class":61},[47,158726,2222],{"class":65},[47,158728,20323],{"class":61},[47,158730,158731],{"class":1494},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158733,215],{},[37,158735,158737],{"className":39,"code":158736,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[44,158738,158739,158743,158755],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158740,158741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158742,71103],{"class":65},[47,158744,158745,158747,158749,158751,158753],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158746,170],{"class":61},[47,158748,15632],{"class":65},[47,158750,69],{"class":61},[47,158752,7669],{"class":65},[47,158754,80],{"class":61},[47,158756,158757],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158758,241],{"class":61},[14,158760,158761],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[37,158763,158765],{"className":39,"code":158764,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[44,158766,158767,158787,158791],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158768,158769,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158770,54],{"class":53},[47,158772,58],{"class":57},[47,158774,62],{"class":61},[47,158776,960],{"class":65},[47,158778,69],{"class":61},[47,158780,965],{"class":65},[47,158782,69],{"class":61},[47,158784,7669],{"class":65},[47,158786,80],{"class":61},[47,158788,158789],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158790,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158792,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801,158803],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158794,167],{"class":166},[47,158796,170],{"class":61},[47,158798,174],{"class":173},[47,158800,3773],{"class":61},[47,158802,104],{"class":65},[47,158804,153],{"class":61},[14,158806,158807,158808,158810,158811,30],{},"This raises an ",[44,158809,70610],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[21,158812,154548],{"href":158813},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[32,158815,15054],{"id":77021},[14,158817,158818],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[291,158820,158821,158824,158826,158829],{},[294,158822,158823],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[294,158825,60573],{},[294,158827,158828],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[294,158830,158831,158832],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[44,158833,1237],{},[14,158835,158836],{},"Here are a few examples.",[773,158838,158840],{"id":158839},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[37,158842,158843],{"className":39,"code":157643,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,158844,158845,158873,158877],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158846,158847,158849,158851,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158848,54],{"class":53},[47,158850,58],{"class":57},[47,158852,62],{"class":61},[47,158854,960],{"class":65},[47,158856,69],{"class":61},[47,158858,965],{"class":65},[47,158860,69],{"class":61},[47,158862,7669],{"class":65},[47,158864,69],{"class":61},[47,158866,50727],{"class":65},[47,158868,69],{"class":61},[47,158870,4956],{"class":65},[47,158872,80],{"class":61},[47,158874,158875],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158876,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158878,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889,158891,158893],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158880,167],{"class":166},[47,158882,170],{"class":61},[47,158884,174],{"class":173},[47,158886,3773],{"class":61},[47,158888,66],{"class":65},[47,158890,2760],{"class":61},[47,158892,1210],{"class":65},[47,158894,153],{"class":61},[14,158896,215],{},[37,158898,158899],{"className":39,"code":157700,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,158900,158901],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158902,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911,158913,158915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158904,170],{"class":61},[47,158906,15632],{"class":65},[47,158908,69],{"class":61},[47,158910,7669],{"class":65},[47,158912,69],{"class":61},[47,158914,50727],{"class":65},[47,158916,80],{"class":61},[14,158918,132286,158919,158921],{},[44,158920,1210],{}," is not included.",[773,158923,158925],{"id":158924},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,158927,4400],{},[37,158929,158931],{"className":39,"code":158930,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[44,158932,158933,158957,158961],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158934,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949,158951,158953,158955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158936,54],{"class":53},[47,158938,58],{"class":57},[47,158940,62],{"class":61},[47,158942,960],{"class":65},[47,158944,69],{"class":61},[47,158946,965],{"class":65},[47,158948,69],{"class":61},[47,158950,7669],{"class":65},[47,158952,69],{"class":61},[47,158954,50727],{"class":65},[47,158956,80],{"class":61},[47,158958,158959],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158960,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,158962,158963],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158964,158965],{"class":1494},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,158967,158968],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[37,158970,158971],{"className":39,"code":154628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,158972,158973,158997,159001],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,158974,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158976,54],{"class":53},[47,158978,58],{"class":57},[47,158980,62],{"class":61},[47,158982,960],{"class":65},[47,158984,69],{"class":61},[47,158986,965],{"class":65},[47,158988,69],{"class":61},[47,158990,7669],{"class":65},[47,158992,69],{"class":61},[47,158994,50727],{"class":65},[47,158996,80],{"class":61},[47,158998,158999],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159000,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,159002,159003,159005,159007,159009,159011,159013,159015,159017],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159004,167],{"class":166},[47,159006,170],{"class":61},[47,159008,174],{"class":173},[47,159010,3773],{"class":61},[47,159012,66],{"class":65},[47,159014,2760],{"class":61},[47,159016,1937],{"class":65},[47,159018,153],{"class":61},[773,159020,159022],{"id":159021},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[37,159024,159026],{"className":39,"code":159025,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[44,159027,159028,159052,159056,159071,159075,159086],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,159029,159030,159032,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159031,54],{"class":53},[47,159033,58],{"class":57},[47,159035,62],{"class":61},[47,159037,960],{"class":65},[47,159039,69],{"class":61},[47,159041,965],{"class":65},[47,159043,69],{"class":61},[47,159045,7669],{"class":65},[47,159047,69],{"class":61},[47,159049,50727],{"class":65},[47,159051,80],{"class":61},[47,159053,159054],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159055,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,159057,159058,159061,159063,159065,159067,159069],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159059,159060],{"class":53},"slice_result ",[47,159062,58],{"class":57},[47,159064,4136],{"class":53},[47,159066,75414],{"class":61},[47,159068,1931],{"class":65},[47,159070,1402],{"class":61},[47,159072,159073],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159074,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,159076,159077,159079,159081,159084],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,159078,167],{"class":166},[47,159080,170],{"class":61},[47,159082,159083],{"class":173},"slice_result",[47,159085,80],{"class":61},[47,159087,159088,159090,159092,159094],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,159089,167],{"class":166},[47,159091,170],{"class":61},[47,159093,174],{"class":173},[47,159095,80],{"class":61},[14,159097,215],{},[37,159099,159101],{"className":39,"code":159100,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[44,159102,159103,159115],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,159104,159105,159107,159109,159111,159113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159106,170],{"class":61},[47,159108,960],{"class":65},[47,159110,69],{"class":61},[47,159112,965],{"class":65},[47,159114,80],{"class":61},[47,159116,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125,159127,159129,159131,159133],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159118,170],{"class":61},[47,159120,960],{"class":65},[47,159122,69],{"class":61},[47,159124,965],{"class":65},[47,159126,69],{"class":61},[47,159128,7669],{"class":65},[47,159130,69],{"class":61},[47,159132,50727],{"class":65},[47,159134,80],{"class":61},[14,159136,159137],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[32,159139,113602],{"id":113601},[14,159141,159142],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[291,159144,159145,159148,159151,159157,159160],{},[294,159146,159147],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[294,159149,159150],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[294,159152,159153,159154],{},"Using a zero step like ",[44,159155,159156],{},"tuple[::0]",[294,159158,159159],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[294,159161,159162],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159164,159165],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[37,159167,159169],{"className":39,"code":159168,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[44,159170,159171,159181,159199,159221],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,159172,159173,159175,159177,159179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159174,167],{"class":166},[47,159176,170],{"class":61},[47,159178,1673],{"class":173},[47,159180,80],{"class":61},[47,159182,159183,159185,159187,159189,159191,159193,159195,159197],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159184,167],{"class":166},[47,159186,170],{"class":61},[47,159188,1673],{"class":173},[47,159190,3773],{"class":61},[47,159192,66],{"class":65},[47,159194,2760],{"class":61},[47,159196,1210],{"class":65},[47,159198,153],{"class":61},[47,159200,159201,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215,159217,159219],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159202,167],{"class":166},[47,159204,170],{"class":61},[47,159206,499],{"class":118},[47,159208,170],{"class":61},[47,159210,1673],{"class":173},[47,159212,3773],{"class":61},[47,159214,66],{"class":65},[47,159216,2760],{"class":61},[47,159218,1210],{"class":65},[47,159220,2873],{"class":61},[47,159222,159223,159225,159227,159229,159231,159233],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159224,167],{"class":166},[47,159226,170],{"class":61},[47,159228,1698],{"class":166},[47,159230,170],{"class":61},[47,159232,1673],{"class":173},[47,159234,506],{"class":61},[14,159236,11047],{},[291,159238,159239,159241,159244,159247],{},[294,159240,154935],{},[294,159242,159243],{},"what the slice actually returns",[294,159245,159246],{},"that the result is a tuple",[294,159248,159249],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[32,159251,1708],{"id":1707},[773,159253,159255],{"id":159254},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159257,159258],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[773,159260,159262],{"id":159261},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159264,159265],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[773,159267,1744,159269,39841],{"id":159268},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[44,159270,158088],{},[14,159272,159273],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[773,159275,159277,159278,2368],{"id":159276},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[44,159279,70610],{},[14,159281,159282,159283,30],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[44,159284,70610],{},[32,159286,1758],{"id":1757},[291,159288,159289,159293,159297,159301,159305],{},[294,159290,159291],{},[21,159292,155795],{"href":1839},[294,159294,159295],{},[21,159296,460],{"href":152802},[294,159298,159299],{},[21,159300,1780],{"href":156959},[294,159302,159303],{},[21,159304,29],{"href":157321},[294,159306,159307],{},[21,159308,154548],{"href":158813},[1796,159310,159311],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":159313},[159314,159315,159316,159317,159325,159329,159330,159335,159336,159341,159342,159350],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":157121,"depth":83,"text":157122},{"id":157324,"depth":83,"text":157325},{"id":75894,"depth":83,"text":75895,"children":159318},[159319,159321,159322,159323,159324],{"id":157482,"depth":94,"text":159320},"Get the first n items",{"id":157561,"depth":94,"text":157562},{"id":157639,"depth":94,"text":157640},{"id":157721,"depth":94,"text":157722},{"id":157803,"depth":94,"text":157804},{"id":76188,"depth":83,"text":76189,"children":159326},[159327,159328],{"id":157898,"depth":94,"text":157899},{"id":157982,"depth":94,"text":157983},{"id":158071,"depth":83,"text":158072},{"id":158323,"depth":83,"text":158324,"children":159331},[159332,159333,159334],{"id":158332,"depth":94,"text":158333},{"id":158448,"depth":94,"text":158449},{"id":158556,"depth":94,"text":158557},{"id":158622,"depth":83,"text":158623},{"id":77021,"depth":83,"text":15054,"children":159337},[159338,159339,159340],{"id":158839,"depth":94,"text":158840},{"id":158924,"depth":94,"text":158925},{"id":159021,"depth":94,"text":159022},{"id":113601,"depth":83,"text":113602},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":159343},[159344,159345,159346,159348],{"id":159254,"depth":94,"text":159255},{"id":159261,"depth":94,"text":159262},{"id":159268,"depth":94,"text":159347},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159276,"depth":94,"text":159349},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156965,"description":159351},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159358,"title":159359,"body":159360,"description":161183,"extension":1837,"meta":161184,"navigation":159,"path":34689,"seo":161185,"stem":161186,"__hash__":161187},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159361,"toc":161149},[159362,159367,159372,159376,159394,159397,159412,159418,159420,159477,159479,159511,159523,159529,159534,159537,159572,159578,159580,159583,159597,159600,159602,159625,159627,159645,159648,159664,159666,159669,159782,159784,159873,159876,159881,159887,159890,159893,159992,159994,160053,160058,160061,160130,160134,160166,160182,160187,160194,160201,160213,160215,160264,160266,160289,160295,160343,160348,160355,160363,160369,160372,160396,160399,160401,160477,160479,160504,160510,160513,160518,160522,160536,160538,160601,160603,160635,160638,160654,160656,160662,160669,160671,160690,160692,160710,160717,160722,160729,160731,160768,160771,160778,160782,160785,160843,160846,160849,160904,160906,160918,160924,160926,160930,160963,160970,160972,161035,161038,161040,161045,161059,161066,161074,161083,161092,161098,161104,161106,161146],[10,159363,3448,159365,3452],{"id":159364},"python-type-function-explained",[44,159366,2179],{},[14,159368,32196,159369,159371],{},[44,159370,2179],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159373,62648,159374,104450],{},[44,159375,2179],{},[291,159377,159378,159381,159384,159387],{},[294,159379,159380],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[294,159382,159383],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[294,159385,159386],{},"debug confusing code",[294,159388,159389,159390],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[21,159391,159392],{"href":8095},[44,159393,2833],{},[14,159395,159396],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[37,159398,159400],{"className":39,"code":159399,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"type(object)\n",[44,159401,159402],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,159403,159404,159406,159408,159410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159405,499],{"class":118},[47,159407,170],{"class":61},[47,159409,42280],{"class":118},[47,159411,80],{"class":61},[14,159413,159414,159415,159417],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[44,159416,2179],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[32,159419,3482],{"id":3481},[37,159421,159423],{"className":39,"code":159422,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[44,159424,159425,159437,159451,159455,159463],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,159426,159427,159429,159431,159433,159435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159428,7751],{"class":53},[47,159430,58],{"class":57},[47,159432,136],{"class":125},[47,159434,4879],{"class":129},[47,159436,3230],{"class":125},[47,159438,159439,159441,159443,159445,159447,159449],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159440,167],{"class":166},[47,159442,170],{"class":61},[47,159444,499],{"class":118},[47,159446,170],{"class":61},[47,159448,7542],{"class":173},[47,159450,506],{"class":61},[47,159452,159453],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159454,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,159456,159457,159459,159461],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159458,2093],{"class":53},[47,159460,58],{"class":57},[47,159462,2463],{"class":65},[47,159464,159465,159467,159469,159471,159473,159475],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,159466,167],{"class":166},[47,159468,170],{"class":61},[47,159470,499],{"class":118},[47,159472,170],{"class":61},[47,159474,2116],{"class":173},[47,159476,506],{"class":61},[14,159478,215],{},[37,159480,159481],{"className":39,"code":124947,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,159482,159483,159497],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,159484,159485,159487,159489,159491,159493,159495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159486,522],{"class":57},[47,159488,526],{"class":525},[47,159490,265],{"class":125},[47,159492,3315],{"class":129},[47,159494,256],{"class":125},[47,159496,536],{"class":57},[47,159498,159499,159501,159503,159505,159507,159509],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159500,522],{"class":57},[47,159502,526],{"class":525},[47,159504,265],{"class":125},[47,159506,644],{"class":129},[47,159508,256],{"class":125},[47,159510,536],{"class":57},[14,159512,1967,159513,159516,159517,4267,159520,30],{},[44,159514,159515],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[44,159518,159519],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[44,159521,159522],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[32,159524,12876,159526,159528],{"id":159525},"what-the-type-function-does",[44,159527,2179],{}," function does",[14,159530,159531,159533],{},[44,159532,2179],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159535,159536],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[291,159538,159539,159544,159549,159554,159559,159564],{},[294,159540,159541,159543],{},[44,159542,3315],{}," for text",[294,159545,159546,159548],{},[44,159547,644],{}," for whole numbers",[294,159550,159551,159553],{},[44,159552,2067],{}," for decimal numbers",[294,159555,159556,159558],{},[44,159557,7969],{}," for lists",[294,159560,159561,159563],{},[44,159562,8699],{}," for dictionaries",[294,159565,159566,68974,159568,4267,159570],{},[44,159567,3740],{},[44,159569,3477],{},[44,159571,3546],{},[14,159573,159574,159575,159577],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[44,159576,2179],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[32,159579,2032],{"id":2031},[14,159581,159582],{},"The main beginner form is:",[37,159584,159585],{"className":39,"code":159399,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,159586,159587],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,159588,159589,159591,159593,159595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159590,499],{"class":118},[47,159592,170],{"class":61},[47,159594,42280],{"class":118},[47,159596,80],{"class":61},[14,159598,159599],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159601,2083],{},[37,159603,159605],{"className":39,"code":159604,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[44,159606,159607],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,159608,159609,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621,159623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159610,167],{"class":166},[47,159612,170],{"class":61},[47,159614,499],{"class":118},[47,159616,170],{"class":61},[47,159618,126],{"class":125},[47,159620,3718],{"class":129},[47,159622,126],{"class":125},[47,159624,506],{"class":61},[14,159626,215],{},[37,159628,159629],{"className":39,"code":45653,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,159630,159631],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,159632,159633,159635,159637,159639,159641,159643],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159634,522],{"class":57},[47,159636,526],{"class":525},[47,159638,265],{"class":125},[47,159640,3315],{"class":129},[47,159642,256],{"class":125},[47,159644,536],{"class":57},[14,159646,159647],{},"You can pass either:",[291,159649,159650,159657],{},[294,159651,159652,159653,25,159655],{},"a literal value such as ",[44,159654,64414],{},[44,159656,46409],{},[294,159658,159659,159660,25,159662],{},"a variable such as ",[44,159661,7542],{},[44,159663,9174],{},[32,159665,121761],{"id":121760},[14,159667,159668],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[37,159670,159672],{"className":39,"code":159671,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[44,159673,159674,159692,159706,159720,159742,159768],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,159675,159676,159678,159680,159682,159684,159686,159688,159690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159677,167],{"class":166},[47,159679,170],{"class":61},[47,159681,499],{"class":118},[47,159683,170],{"class":61},[47,159685,126],{"class":125},[47,159687,3718],{"class":129},[47,159689,126],{"class":125},[47,159691,506],{"class":61},[47,159693,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702,159704],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159695,167],{"class":166},[47,159697,170],{"class":61},[47,159699,499],{"class":118},[47,159701,170],{"class":61},[47,159703,960],{"class":65},[47,159705,506],{"class":61},[47,159707,159708,159710,159712,159714,159716,159718],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159709,167],{"class":166},[47,159711,170],{"class":61},[47,159713,499],{"class":118},[47,159715,170],{"class":61},[47,159717,40024],{"class":65},[47,159719,506],{"class":61},[47,159721,159722,159724,159726,159728,159730,159732,159734,159736,159738,159740],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159723,167],{"class":166},[47,159725,170],{"class":61},[47,159727,499],{"class":118},[47,159729,122],{"class":61},[47,159731,66],{"class":65},[47,159733,69],{"class":61},[47,159735,72],{"class":65},[47,159737,69],{"class":61},[47,159739,77],{"class":65},[47,159741,2873],{"class":61},[47,159743,159744,159746,159748,159750,159752,159754,159756,159758,159760,159762,159764,159766],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,159745,167],{"class":166},[47,159747,170],{"class":61},[47,159749,499],{"class":118},[47,159751,5403],{"class":61},[47,159753,126],{"class":125},[47,159755,7542],{"class":129},[47,159757,126],{"class":125},[47,159759,2760],{"class":61},[47,159761,136],{"class":125},[47,159763,4879],{"class":129},[47,159765,126],{"class":125},[47,159767,5412],{"class":61},[47,159769,159770,159772,159774,159776,159778,159780],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,159771,167],{"class":166},[47,159773,170],{"class":61},[47,159775,499],{"class":118},[47,159777,170],{"class":61},[47,159779,3477],{"class":412},[47,159781,506],{"class":61},[14,159783,215],{},[37,159785,159787],{"className":39,"code":159786,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[44,159788,159789,159803,159817,159831,159845,159859],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,159790,159791,159793,159795,159797,159799,159801],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159792,522],{"class":57},[47,159794,526],{"class":525},[47,159796,265],{"class":125},[47,159798,3315],{"class":129},[47,159800,256],{"class":125},[47,159802,536],{"class":57},[47,159804,159805,159807,159809,159811,159813,159815],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159806,522],{"class":57},[47,159808,526],{"class":525},[47,159810,265],{"class":125},[47,159812,644],{"class":129},[47,159814,256],{"class":125},[47,159816,536],{"class":57},[47,159818,159819,159821,159823,159825,159827,159829],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159820,522],{"class":57},[47,159822,526],{"class":525},[47,159824,265],{"class":125},[47,159826,2067],{"class":129},[47,159828,256],{"class":125},[47,159830,536],{"class":57},[47,159832,159833,159835,159837,159839,159841,159843],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159834,522],{"class":57},[47,159836,526],{"class":525},[47,159838,265],{"class":125},[47,159840,7969],{"class":129},[47,159842,256],{"class":125},[47,159844,536],{"class":57},[47,159846,159847,159849,159851,159853,159855,159857],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,159848,522],{"class":57},[47,159850,526],{"class":525},[47,159852,265],{"class":125},[47,159854,8699],{"class":129},[47,159856,256],{"class":125},[47,159858,536],{"class":57},[47,159860,159861,159863,159865,159867,159869,159871],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,159862,522],{"class":57},[47,159864,526],{"class":525},[47,159866,265],{"class":125},[47,159868,3740],{"class":129},[47,159870,256],{"class":125},[47,159872,536],{"class":57},[14,159874,159875],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,159877,159878,159879,30],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[21,159880,44680],{"href":48861},[32,159882,8294,159884,159886],{"id":159883},"using-type-with-variables",[44,159885,2179],{}," with variables",[14,159888,159889],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,159891,159892],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[37,159894,159896],{"className":39,"code":159895,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[44,159897,159898,159906,159924,159928,159940,159958,159962,159974],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,159899,159900,159902,159904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159901,588],{"class":53},[47,159903,58],{"class":57},[47,159905,2463],{"class":65},[47,159907,159908,159910,159912,159914,159916,159918,159920,159922],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159909,167],{"class":166},[47,159911,170],{"class":61},[47,159913,605],{"class":173},[47,159915,69],{"class":61},[47,159917,49273],{"class":118},[47,159919,170],{"class":61},[47,159921,605],{"class":173},[47,159923,506],{"class":61},[47,159925,159926],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159927,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,159929,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159931,588],{"class":53},[47,159933,58],{"class":57},[47,159935,136],{"class":125},[47,159937,45790],{"class":129},[47,159939,3230],{"class":125},[47,159941,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950,159952,159954,159956],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,159943,167],{"class":166},[47,159945,170],{"class":61},[47,159947,605],{"class":173},[47,159949,69],{"class":61},[47,159951,49273],{"class":118},[47,159953,170],{"class":61},[47,159955,605],{"class":173},[47,159957,506],{"class":61},[47,159959,159960],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,159961,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,159963,159964,159966,159968,159970,159972],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,159965,588],{"class":53},[47,159967,58],{"class":57},[47,159969,957],{"class":61},[47,159971,960],{"class":65},[47,159973,1402],{"class":61},[47,159975,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984,159986,159988,159990],{"class":49,"line":191},[47,159977,167],{"class":166},[47,159979,170],{"class":61},[47,159981,605],{"class":173},[47,159983,69],{"class":61},[47,159985,49273],{"class":118},[47,159987,170],{"class":61},[47,159989,605],{"class":173},[47,159991,506],{"class":61},[14,159993,215],{},[37,159995,159997],{"className":39,"code":159996,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[44,159998,159999,160016,160033],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160000,160001,160003,160006,160008,160010,160012,160014],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160002,960],{"class":65},[47,160004,160005],{"class":57}," \u003C",[47,160007,526],{"class":525},[47,160009,265],{"class":125},[47,160011,644],{"class":129},[47,160013,256],{"class":125},[47,160015,536],{"class":57},[47,160017,160018,160021,160023,160025,160027,160029,160031],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160019,160020],{"class":53},"ten ",[47,160022,522],{"class":57},[47,160024,526],{"class":525},[47,160026,265],{"class":125},[47,160028,3315],{"class":129},[47,160030,256],{"class":125},[47,160032,536],{"class":57},[47,160034,160035,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049,160051],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160036,3773],{"class":61},[47,160038,960],{"class":65},[47,160040,13151],{"class":61},[47,160042,160005],{"class":57},[47,160044,526],{"class":525},[47,160046,265],{"class":125},[47,160048,7969],{"class":129},[47,160050,256],{"class":125},[47,160052,536],{"class":57},[14,160054,160055,160057],{},[44,160056,2179],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160059,160060],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[37,160062,160064],{"className":39,"code":160063,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[44,160065,160066,160084,160098,160102,160116],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160067,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078,160080,160082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160069,3263],{"class":53},[47,160071,58],{"class":57},[47,160073,8118],{"class":166},[47,160075,170],{"class":61},[47,160077,126],{"class":125},[47,160079,41752],{"class":129},[47,160081,126],{"class":125},[47,160083,80],{"class":61},[47,160085,160086,160088,160090,160092,160094,160096],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160087,167],{"class":166},[47,160089,170],{"class":61},[47,160091,499],{"class":118},[47,160093,170],{"class":61},[47,160095,3289],{"class":173},[47,160097,506],{"class":61},[47,160099,160100],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160101,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,160103,160104,160106,160108,160110,160112,160114],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160105,122873],{"class":53},[47,160107,58],{"class":57},[47,160109,45159],{"class":118},[47,160111,170],{"class":61},[47,160113,3289],{"class":173},[47,160115,80],{"class":61},[47,160117,160118,160120,160122,160124,160126,160128],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,160119,167],{"class":166},[47,160121,170],{"class":61},[47,160123,499],{"class":118},[47,160125,170],{"class":61},[47,160127,122896],{"class":173},[47,160129,506],{"class":61},[14,160131,41002,160132,41006],{},[44,160133,9071],{},[37,160135,160136],{"className":39,"code":124947,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,160137,160138,160152],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160139,160140,160142,160144,160146,160148,160150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160141,522],{"class":57},[47,160143,526],{"class":525},[47,160145,265],{"class":125},[47,160147,3315],{"class":129},[47,160149,256],{"class":125},[47,160151,536],{"class":57},[47,160153,160154,160156,160158,160160,160162,160164],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160155,522],{"class":57},[47,160157,526],{"class":525},[47,160159,265],{"class":125},[47,160161,644],{"class":129},[47,160163,256],{"class":125},[47,160165,536],{"class":57},[14,160167,45586,160168,160172,160173,25,160177,160181],{},[21,160169,160170],{"href":8095},[44,160171,2833],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[21,160174,160175],{"href":2750},[44,160176,2753],{},[21,160178,160179],{"href":2756},[44,160180,2759],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160183,160184,160185,30],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[21,160186,8859],{"href":8858},[32,160188,160190,10461,160192],{"id":160189},"type-vs-isinstance",[44,160191,2179],{},[44,160193,44688],{},[14,160195,160196,4267,160198,160200],{},[44,160197,2179],{},[44,160199,44688],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[291,160202,160203,160208],{},[294,160204,160205,160207],{},[44,160206,2179],{}," tells you the exact type",[294,160209,160210,160212],{},[44,160211,44688],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160214,2083],{},[37,160216,160218],{"className":39,"code":160217,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[44,160219,160220,160228,160232,160246],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160221,160222,160224,160226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160223,588],{"class":53},[47,160225,58],{"class":57},[47,160227,34723],{"class":65},[47,160229,160230],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160231,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,160233,160234,160236,160238,160240,160242,160244],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160235,167],{"class":166},[47,160237,170],{"class":61},[47,160239,499],{"class":118},[47,160241,170],{"class":61},[47,160243,605],{"class":173},[47,160245,506],{"class":61},[47,160247,160248,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258,160260,160262],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160249,167],{"class":166},[47,160251,170],{"class":61},[47,160253,48759],{"class":166},[47,160255,170],{"class":61},[47,160257,605],{"class":173},[47,160259,69],{"class":61},[47,160261,45159],{"class":118},[47,160263,506],{"class":61},[14,160265,215],{},[37,160267,160269],{"className":39,"code":160268,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[44,160270,160271,160285],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160272,160273,160275,160277,160279,160281,160283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160274,522],{"class":57},[47,160276,526],{"class":525},[47,160278,265],{"class":125},[47,160280,644],{"class":129},[47,160282,256],{"class":125},[47,160284,536],{"class":57},[47,160286,160287],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160288,3852],{"class":412},[14,160290,160291,160292,160294],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[44,160293,44688],{}," is more practical.",[37,160296,160298],{"className":39,"code":160297,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[44,160299,160300,160308,160312,160328],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160301,160302,160304,160306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160303,588],{"class":53},[47,160305,58],{"class":57},[47,160307,34723],{"class":65},[47,160309,160310],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160311,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,160313,160314,160316,160318,160320,160322,160324,160326],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160315,6871],{"class":3749},[47,160317,49496],{"class":166},[47,160319,170],{"class":61},[47,160321,605],{"class":173},[47,160323,69],{"class":61},[47,160325,45159],{"class":118},[47,160327,8218],{"class":61},[47,160329,160330,160332,160334,160336,160339,160341],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160331,7944],{"class":166},[47,160333,170],{"class":61},[47,160335,126],{"class":125},[47,160337,160338],{"class":129},"This is an integer",[47,160340,126],{"class":125},[47,160342,80],{"class":61},[14,160344,1967,160345,160347],{},[44,160346,2179],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160349,1967,160350,160352,160353,7046],{},[44,160351,44688],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[44,160354,6871],{},[14,160356,160357,160358,30],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[21,160359,3448,160361,3381],{"href":160360},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[44,160362,44688],{},[32,160364,160366,160367],{"id":160365},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[44,160368,2179],{},[14,160370,160371],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[37,160373,160375],{"className":39,"code":160374,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[44,160376,160377],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160378,160379,160381,160383,160385,160387,160390,160392,160394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160380,499],{"class":118},[47,160382,170],{"class":61},[47,160384,7542],{"class":173},[47,160386,69],{"class":61},[47,160388,160389],{"class":173}," bases",[47,160391,69],{"class":61},[47,160393,9048],{"class":118},[47,160395,80],{"class":61},[14,160397,160398],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160400,2083],{},[37,160402,160404],{"className":39,"code":160403,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[44,160405,160406,160449,160453,160463],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160407,160408,160411,160413,160415,160417,160419,160422,160424,160426,160429,160431,160433,160436,160438,160440,160442,160445,160447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160409,160410],{"class":53},"Person ",[47,160412,58],{"class":57},[47,160414,49273],{"class":118},[47,160416,170],{"class":61},[47,160418,126],{"class":125},[47,160420,160421],{"class":129},"Person",[47,160423,126],{"class":125},[47,160425,69],{"class":61},[47,160427,160428],{"class":61}," (),",[47,160430,10366],{"class":61},[47,160432,126],{"class":125},[47,160434,160435],{"class":129},"species",[47,160437,126],{"class":125},[47,160439,2760],{"class":61},[47,160441,136],{"class":125},[47,160443,160444],{"class":129},"human",[47,160446,126],{"class":125},[47,160448,30374],{"class":61},[47,160450,160451],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160452,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,160454,160455,160457,160459,160461],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160456,167],{"class":166},[47,160458,170],{"class":61},[47,160460,160421],{"class":173},[47,160462,80],{"class":61},[47,160464,160465,160467,160469,160471,160473,160475],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160466,167],{"class":166},[47,160468,170],{"class":61},[47,160470,160421],{"class":173},[47,160472,30],{"class":61},[47,160474,160435],{"class":24626},[47,160476,80],{"class":61},[14,160478,215],{},[37,160480,160482],{"className":39,"code":160481,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[44,160483,160484,160499],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160485,160486,160488,160490,160492,160495,160497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160487,522],{"class":57},[47,160489,526],{"class":525},[47,160491,265],{"class":125},[47,160493,160494],{"class":129},"__main__.Person",[47,160496,256],{"class":125},[47,160498,536],{"class":57},[47,160500,160501],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160502,160503],{"class":53},"human\n",[14,160505,160506,160507,160509],{},"Most beginners do ",[575,160508,577],{}," need this form.",[14,160511,160512],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[32,160514,4836,160516],{"id":160515},"when-to-use-type",[44,160517,2179],{},[14,160519,160520,12324],{},[44,160521,2179],{},[291,160523,160524,160527,160530,160533],{},[294,160525,160526],{},"debug unexpected values",[294,160528,160529],{},"check what a conversion produced",[294,160531,160532],{},"learn Python data types",[294,160534,160535],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160537,5346],{},[37,160539,160541],{"className":39,"code":160540,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[44,160542,160543,160555,160569,160573,160587],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160544,160545,160547,160549,160551,160553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160546,34568],{"class":53},[47,160548,58],{"class":57},[47,160550,136],{"class":125},[47,160552,50129],{"class":129},[47,160554,3230],{"class":125},[47,160556,160557,160559,160561,160563,160565,160567],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160558,2093],{"class":53},[47,160560,58],{"class":57},[47,160562,45159],{"class":118},[47,160564,170],{"class":61},[47,160566,34589],{"class":173},[47,160568,80],{"class":61},[47,160570,160571],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160572,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,160574,160575,160577,160579,160581,160583,160585],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160576,167],{"class":166},[47,160578,170],{"class":61},[47,160580,499],{"class":118},[47,160582,170],{"class":61},[47,160584,34589],{"class":173},[47,160586,506],{"class":61},[47,160588,160589,160591,160593,160595,160597,160599],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,160590,167],{"class":166},[47,160592,170],{"class":61},[47,160594,499],{"class":118},[47,160596,170],{"class":61},[47,160598,2116],{"class":173},[47,160600,506],{"class":61},[14,160602,215],{},[37,160604,160605],{"className":39,"code":124947,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,160606,160607,160621],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160608,160609,160611,160613,160615,160617,160619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160610,522],{"class":57},[47,160612,526],{"class":525},[47,160614,265],{"class":125},[47,160616,3315],{"class":129},[47,160618,256],{"class":125},[47,160620,536],{"class":57},[47,160622,160623,160625,160627,160629,160631,160633],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160624,522],{"class":57},[47,160626,526],{"class":525},[47,160628,265],{"class":125},[47,160630,644],{"class":129},[47,160632,256],{"class":125},[47,160634,536],{"class":57},[14,160636,160637],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160639,160640,160641,2064,160645,16949,160649,160653],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[21,160642,160643],{"href":42056},[44,160644,47567],{},[21,160646,160647],{"href":2750},[44,160648,2753],{},[21,160650,160651],{"href":2756},[44,160652,2759],{}," are often the next step.",[32,160655,25234],{"id":25233},[14,160657,160658,160659,160661],{},"A few things about ",[44,160660,2179],{}," often confuse beginners.",[773,160663,160665,160668],{"id":160664},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[44,160666,160667],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160670,1509],{},[37,160672,160674],{"className":39,"code":160673,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(5))\n",[44,160675,160676],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160677,160678,160680,160682,160684,160686,160688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160679,167],{"class":166},[47,160681,170],{"class":61},[47,160683,499],{"class":118},[47,160685,170],{"class":61},[47,160687,104],{"class":65},[47,160689,506],{"class":61},[14,160691,122792],{},[37,160693,160694],{"className":39,"code":156143,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,160695,160696],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160697,160698,160700,160702,160704,160706,160708],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160699,522],{"class":57},[47,160701,526],{"class":525},[47,160703,265],{"class":125},[47,160705,644],{"class":129},[47,160707,256],{"class":125},[47,160709,536],{"class":57},[14,160711,40787,160712,160714,160715,30],{},[575,160713,577],{}," print just ",[44,160716,644],{},[14,160718,6550,160719,160721],{},[44,160720,2179],{}," returns a class object.",[773,160723,160725,2274,160727],{"id":160724},"input-returns-str",[44,160726,2833],{},[44,160728,3315],{},[14,160730,79421],{},[37,160732,160734],{"className":39,"code":160733,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[44,160735,160736,160754],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160737,160738,160740,160742,160744,160746,160748,160750,160752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160739,588],{"class":53},[47,160741,58],{"class":57},[47,160743,8118],{"class":166},[47,160745,170],{"class":61},[47,160747,126],{"class":125},[47,160749,46193],{"class":129},[47,160751,126],{"class":125},[47,160753,80],{"class":61},[47,160755,160756,160758,160760,160762,160764,160766],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160757,167],{"class":166},[47,160759,170],{"class":61},[47,160761,499],{"class":118},[47,160763,170],{"class":61},[47,160765,605],{"class":173},[47,160767,506],{"class":61},[14,160769,160770],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,160772,160773,160774,25,160776,30],{},"If you need a number, use ",[44,160775,2753],{},[44,160777,2759],{},[773,160779,160781],{"id":160780},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,160783,160784],{},"Avoid code like this:",[37,160786,160788],{"className":39,"code":160787,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[44,160789,160790,160798,160802,160828],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160791,160792,160794,160796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160793,588],{"class":53},[47,160795,58],{"class":57},[47,160797,34723],{"class":65},[47,160799,160800],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160801,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,160803,160804,160806,160808,160810,160812,160814,160816,160818,160820,160822,160824,160826],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160805,6871],{"class":3749},[47,160807,48788],{"class":118},[47,160809,170],{"class":61},[47,160811,499],{"class":118},[47,160813,170],{"class":61},[47,160815,605],{"class":173},[47,160817,5235],{"class":61},[47,160819,6283],{"class":57},[47,160821,136],{"class":125},[47,160823,159522],{"class":129},[47,160825,126],{"class":125},[47,160827,6268],{"class":61},[47,160829,160830,160832,160834,160836,160839,160841],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160831,7944],{"class":166},[47,160833,170],{"class":61},[47,160835,126],{"class":125},[47,160837,160838],{"class":129},"It is an int",[47,160840,126],{"class":125},[47,160842,80],{"class":61},[14,160844,160845],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,160847,160848],{},"Better options:",[37,160850,160852],{"className":39,"code":160851,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[44,160853,160854,160862,160866,160886],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160855,160856,160858,160860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160857,588],{"class":53},[47,160859,58],{"class":57},[47,160861,34723],{"class":65},[47,160863,160864],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160865,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,160867,160868,160870,160872,160874,160876,160878,160880,160882,160884],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160869,167],{"class":166},[47,160871,170],{"class":61},[47,160873,499],{"class":118},[47,160875,170],{"class":61},[47,160877,605],{"class":173},[47,160879,3533],{"class":61},[47,160881,6283],{"class":57},[47,160883,45159],{"class":118},[47,160885,80],{"class":61},[47,160887,160888,160890,160892,160894,160896,160898,160900,160902],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160889,167],{"class":166},[47,160891,170],{"class":61},[47,160893,48759],{"class":166},[47,160895,170],{"class":61},[47,160897,605],{"class":173},[47,160899,69],{"class":61},[47,160901,45159],{"class":118},[47,160903,506],{"class":61},[14,160905,215],{},[37,160907,160908],{"className":39,"code":4379,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,160909,160910,160914],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160911,160912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160913,3852],{"class":412},[47,160915,160916],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160917,3852],{"class":412},[14,160919,160920,160921,160923],{},"In most real code, ",[44,160922,44688],{}," is the more useful check.",[32,160925,1284],{"id":1283},[14,160927,14612,160928,2760],{},[44,160929,2179],{},[291,160931,160932,160942,160951,160960],{},[294,160933,8294,160934,160936,160937,160941],{},[44,160935,2179],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[21,160938,160939],{"href":8095},[44,160940,2833],{}," always returns a string",[294,160943,8330,160944,160946,160947,10969,160949],{},[44,160945,2179],{}," to return plain text like ",[44,160948,644],{},[44,160950,159522],{},[294,160952,8294,160953,44512,160956,160959],{},[44,160954,160955],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[44,160957,160958],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[294,160961,160962],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,160964,160965,160966,30],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[21,160967,160969],{"href":160968},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,160971,144456],{},[37,160973,160975],{"className":39,"code":160974,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[44,160976,160977,160991,161001,161015,161025],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,160978,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987,160989],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160980,167],{"class":166},[47,160982,170],{"class":61},[47,160984,499],{"class":118},[47,160986,170],{"class":61},[47,160988,605],{"class":173},[47,160990,506],{"class":61},[47,160992,160993,160995,160997,160999],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160994,167],{"class":166},[47,160996,170],{"class":61},[47,160998,605],{"class":173},[47,161000,80],{"class":61},[47,161002,161003,161005,161007,161009,161011,161013],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161004,167],{"class":166},[47,161006,170],{"class":61},[47,161008,41660],{"class":166},[47,161010,170],{"class":61},[47,161012,605],{"class":173},[47,161014,506],{"class":61},[47,161016,161017,161019,161021,161023],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,161018,32031],{"class":166},[47,161020,170],{"class":61},[47,161022,499],{"class":118},[47,161024,80],{"class":61},[47,161026,161027,161029,161031,161033],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,161028,34252],{"class":166},[47,161030,170],{"class":61},[47,161032,605],{"class":173},[47,161034,80],{"class":61},[14,161036,161037],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[32,161039,1708],{"id":1707},[773,161041,1744,161043,5020],{"id":161042},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[44,161044,2179],{},[14,161046,161047,161048,2064,161050,2064,161052,2068,161054,161056,161057,30],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[44,161049,3315],{},[44,161051,644],{},[44,161053,7969],{},[44,161055,8699],{},", shown as a class object like ",[44,161058,159519],{},[773,161060,14782,161062,57088,161064,2368],{"id":161061},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[44,161063,2179],{},[44,161065,44688],{},[14,161067,46248,161068,161070,161071,161073],{},[44,161069,2179],{}," shows the exact type. ",[44,161072,44688],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[773,161075,5032,161077,161080,161081,2368],{"id":161076},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[44,161078,161079],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[44,161082,3315],{},[14,161084,28938,161085,161087,161088,25,161090,160181],{},[44,161086,2833],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[44,161089,2753],{},[44,161091,2759],{},[773,161093,5044,161095,161097],{"id":161094},"can-type-create-classes",[44,161096,2179],{}," create classes?",[14,161099,161100,161101,30],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[44,161102,161103],{},"type(object)",[32,161105,1758],{"id":1757},[291,161107,161108,161112,161118,161124,161128,161134,161140],{},[294,161109,161110],{},[21,161111,44680],{"href":48861},[294,161113,161114],{},[21,161115,3448,161116,3381],{"href":160360},[44,161117,44688],{},[294,161119,161120],{},[21,161121,3448,161122,3381],{"href":8095},[44,161123,2833],{},[294,161125,161126],{},[21,161127,8936],{"href":8858},[294,161129,161130],{},[21,161131,3448,161132,3381],{"href":2750},[44,161133,2753],{},[294,161135,161136],{},[21,161137,3448,161138,3381],{"href":2756},[44,161139,2759],{},[294,161141,161142],{},[21,161143,3448,161144,3381],{"href":42056},[44,161145,47567],{},[1796,161147,161148],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":161150},[161151,161152,161154,161155,161156,161158,161160,161162,161164,161171,161172,161182],{"id":3481,"depth":83,"text":3482},{"id":159525,"depth":83,"text":161153},"What the type() function does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":121760,"depth":83,"text":121761},{"id":159883,"depth":83,"text":161157},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160189,"depth":83,"text":161159},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160365,"depth":83,"text":161161},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160515,"depth":83,"text":161163},"When to use type()",{"id":25233,"depth":83,"text":25234,"children":161165},[161166,161168,161170],{"id":160664,"depth":94,"text":161167},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160724,"depth":94,"text":161169},"input() returns str",{"id":160780,"depth":94,"text":160781},{"id":1283,"depth":83,"text":1284},{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":161173},[161174,161176,161178,161180],{"id":161042,"depth":94,"text":161175},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161061,"depth":94,"text":161177},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161076,"depth":94,"text":161179},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161094,"depth":94,"text":161181},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159359,"description":161183},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161189,"title":161190,"body":161191,"description":163670,"extension":1837,"meta":163671,"navigation":159,"path":163672,"seo":163673,"stem":163674,"__hash__":163675},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161192,"toc":163627},[161193,161198,161203,161212,161214,161314,161316,161341,161346,161351,161367,161370,161372,161374,161399,161402,161405,161488,161490,161539,161542,161664,161666,161739,161743,161746,161860,161862,161888,161890,161911,161916,161920,161925,161928,162032,162034,162051,162060,162063,162150,162152,162163,162168,162174,162179,162185,162188,162281,162283,162332,162338,162341,162442,162444,162497,162502,162506,162509,162608,162610,162649,162652,162657,162659,162664,162668,162781,162785,162882,162886,162974,162976,162993,162997,163120,163126,163132,163138,163143,163146,163173,163177,163179,163273,163276,163280,163283,163370,163373,163408,163410,163447,163450,163458,163463,163468,163542,163549,163551,163556,163559,163565,163568,163574,163579,163585,163590,163594,163597,163599,163624],[10,161194,3448,161196,3452],{"id":161195},"python-zip-function-explained",[44,161197,64199],{},[14,161199,161200,161202],{},[44,161201,64199],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161204,161205,161206,161208,161209,161211],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[44,161207,64199],{}," inside a ",[44,161210,5832],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[32,161213,35],{"id":34},[37,161215,161217],{"className":39,"code":161216,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[44,161218,161219,161251,161271,161275,161300],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,161220,161221,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231,161233,161235,161237,161239,161241,161243,161245,161247,161249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161222,4870],{"class":53},[47,161224,58],{"class":57},[47,161226,957],{"class":61},[47,161228,126],{"class":125},[47,161230,12760],{"class":129},[47,161232,126],{"class":125},[47,161234,69],{"class":61},[47,161236,136],{"class":125},[47,161238,35823],{"class":129},[47,161240,126],{"class":125},[47,161242,69],{"class":61},[47,161244,136],{"class":125},[47,161246,35832],{"class":129},[47,161248,126],{"class":125},[47,161250,1402],{"class":61},[47,161252,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161254,4939],{"class":53},[47,161256,58],{"class":57},[47,161258,957],{"class":61},[47,161260,13380],{"class":65},[47,161262,69],{"class":61},[47,161264,13385],{"class":65},[47,161266,69],{"class":61},[47,161268,28797],{"class":65},[47,161270,1402],{"class":61},[47,161272,161273],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161274,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,161276,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,161278,5832],{"class":3749},[47,161280,35874],{"class":53},[47,161282,69],{"class":61},[47,161284,4981],{"class":53},[47,161286,3756],{"class":3749},[47,161288,161289],{"class":166}," zip",[47,161291,170],{"class":61},[47,161293,4914],{"class":173},[47,161295,69],{"class":61},[47,161297,4986],{"class":173},[47,161299,8218],{"class":61},[47,161301,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310,161312],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,161303,7944],{"class":166},[47,161305,170],{"class":61},[47,161307,7542],{"class":173},[47,161309,69],{"class":61},[47,161311,130736],{"class":173},[47,161313,80],{"class":61},[14,161315,215],{},[37,161317,161319],{"className":39,"code":161318,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[44,161320,161321,161327,161334],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,161322,161323,161325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161324,133755],{"class":53},[47,161326,33015],{"class":65},[47,161328,161329,161332],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161330,161331],{"class":53},"Ben ",[47,161333,33020],{"class":65},[47,161335,161336,161339],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161337,161338],{"class":53},"Cara ",[47,161340,33025],{"class":65},[14,161342,1967,161343,161345],{},[44,161344,64199],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[32,161347,3550,161349,3553],{"id":161348},"what-zip-does",[44,161350,64199],{},[291,161352,161353,161358,161361,161364],{},[294,161354,161355,161357],{},[44,161356,64199],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[294,161359,161360],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[294,161362,161363],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[294,161365,161366],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161368,161369],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[32,161371,2032],{"id":2031},[14,161373,7092],{},[37,161375,161377],{"className":39,"code":161376,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[44,161378,161379],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,161380,161381,161383,161385,161388,161390,161393,161395,161397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161382,64269],{"class":166},[47,161384,170],{"class":61},[47,161386,161387],{"class":173},"iterable1",[47,161389,69],{"class":61},[47,161391,161392],{"class":173}," iterable2",[47,161394,69],{"class":61},[47,161396,34334],{"class":166},[47,161398,80],{"class":61},[14,161400,161401],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161403,161404],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[37,161406,161408],{"className":39,"code":161407,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[44,161409,161410,161430,161462,161466],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,161411,161412,161414,161416,161418,161420,161422,161424,161426,161428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161413,54],{"class":53},[47,161415,58],{"class":57},[47,161417,957],{"class":61},[47,161419,66],{"class":65},[47,161421,69],{"class":61},[47,161423,72],{"class":65},[47,161425,69],{"class":61},[47,161427,77],{"class":65},[47,161429,1402],{"class":61},[47,161431,161432,161434,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452,161454,161456,161458,161460],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161433,1118],{"class":53},[47,161435,58],{"class":57},[47,161437,957],{"class":61},[47,161439,126],{"class":125},[47,161441,21],{"class":129},[47,161443,126],{"class":125},[47,161445,69],{"class":61},[47,161447,136],{"class":125},[47,161449,139],{"class":129},[47,161451,126],{"class":125},[47,161453,69],{"class":61},[47,161455,136],{"class":125},[47,161457,148],{"class":129},[47,161459,126],{"class":125},[47,161461,1402],{"class":61},[47,161463,161464],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161465,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,161467,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,161469,167],{"class":166},[47,161471,170],{"class":61},[47,161473,7969],{"class":118},[47,161475,170],{"class":61},[47,161477,64269],{"class":166},[47,161479,170],{"class":61},[47,161481,174],{"class":173},[47,161483,69],{"class":61},[47,161485,69975],{"class":173},[47,161487,2788],{"class":61},[14,161489,215],{},[37,161491,161493],{"className":39,"code":161492,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[44,161494,161495],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,161496,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533,161535,161537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161498,21616],{"class":61},[47,161500,66],{"class":65},[47,161502,69],{"class":61},[47,161504,265],{"class":125},[47,161506,21],{"class":129},[47,161508,256],{"class":125},[47,161510,954],{"class":61},[47,161512,62],{"class":61},[47,161514,1931],{"class":65},[47,161516,69],{"class":61},[47,161518,265],{"class":125},[47,161520,139],{"class":129},[47,161522,256],{"class":125},[47,161524,954],{"class":61},[47,161526,62],{"class":61},[47,161528,1937],{"class":65},[47,161530,69],{"class":61},[47,161532,265],{"class":125},[47,161534,148],{"class":129},[47,161536,256],{"class":125},[47,161538,9124],{"class":61},[14,161540,161541],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[37,161543,161545],{"className":39,"code":161544,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[44,161546,161547,161579,161599,161633,161637],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,161548,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161550,4870],{"class":53},[47,161552,58],{"class":57},[47,161554,957],{"class":61},[47,161556,126],{"class":125},[47,161558,12760],{"class":129},[47,161560,126],{"class":125},[47,161562,69],{"class":61},[47,161564,136],{"class":125},[47,161566,35823],{"class":129},[47,161568,126],{"class":125},[47,161570,69],{"class":61},[47,161572,136],{"class":125},[47,161574,35832],{"class":129},[47,161576,126],{"class":125},[47,161578,1402],{"class":61},[47,161580,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593,161595,161597],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161582,4939],{"class":53},[47,161584,58],{"class":57},[47,161586,957],{"class":61},[47,161588,13380],{"class":65},[47,161590,69],{"class":61},[47,161592,13385],{"class":65},[47,161594,69],{"class":61},[47,161596,28797],{"class":65},[47,161598,1402],{"class":61},[47,161600,161601,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161629,161631],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161602,161603],{"class":53},"grades ",[47,161605,58],{"class":57},[47,161607,957],{"class":61},[47,161609,126],{"class":125},[47,161611,22121],{"class":129},[47,161613,126],{"class":125},[47,161615,69],{"class":61},[47,161617,136],{"class":125},[47,161619,30478],{"class":129},[47,161621,126],{"class":125},[47,161623,69],{"class":61},[47,161625,136],{"class":125},[47,161627,161628],{"class":129},"B+",[47,161630,126],{"class":125},[47,161632,1402],{"class":61},[47,161634,161635],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,161636,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,161638,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161662],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,161640,167],{"class":166},[47,161642,170],{"class":61},[47,161644,7969],{"class":118},[47,161646,170],{"class":61},[47,161648,64269],{"class":166},[47,161650,170],{"class":61},[47,161652,4914],{"class":173},[47,161654,69],{"class":61},[47,161656,4986],{"class":173},[47,161658,69],{"class":61},[47,161660,161661],{"class":173}," grades",[47,161663,2788],{"class":61},[14,161665,215],{},[37,161667,161669],{"className":39,"code":161668,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[44,161670,161671],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,161672,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161674,21616],{"class":61},[47,161676,256],{"class":125},[47,161678,12760],{"class":129},[47,161680,256],{"class":125},[47,161682,69],{"class":61},[47,161684,19775],{"class":65},[47,161686,69],{"class":61},[47,161688,265],{"class":125},[47,161690,22121],{"class":129},[47,161692,256],{"class":125},[47,161694,954],{"class":61},[47,161696,62],{"class":61},[47,161698,256],{"class":125},[47,161700,35823],{"class":129},[47,161702,256],{"class":125},[47,161704,69],{"class":61},[47,161706,13385],{"class":65},[47,161708,69],{"class":61},[47,161710,265],{"class":125},[47,161712,30478],{"class":129},[47,161714,256],{"class":125},[47,161716,954],{"class":61},[47,161718,62],{"class":61},[47,161720,256],{"class":125},[47,161722,35832],{"class":129},[47,161724,256],{"class":125},[47,161726,69],{"class":61},[47,161728,28797],{"class":65},[47,161730,69],{"class":61},[47,161732,265],{"class":125},[47,161734,161628],{"class":129},[47,161736,256],{"class":125},[47,161738,9124],{"class":61},[32,161740,161742],{"id":161741},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,161744,161745],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[37,161747,161749],{"className":39,"code":161748,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[44,161750,161751,161783,161803,161807,161831],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,161752,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161754,4870],{"class":53},[47,161756,58],{"class":57},[47,161758,957],{"class":61},[47,161760,126],{"class":125},[47,161762,12760],{"class":129},[47,161764,126],{"class":125},[47,161766,69],{"class":61},[47,161768,136],{"class":125},[47,161770,35823],{"class":129},[47,161772,126],{"class":125},[47,161774,69],{"class":61},[47,161776,136],{"class":125},[47,161778,35832],{"class":129},[47,161780,126],{"class":125},[47,161782,1402],{"class":61},[47,161784,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161786,4939],{"class":53},[47,161788,58],{"class":57},[47,161790,957],{"class":61},[47,161792,13380],{"class":65},[47,161794,69],{"class":61},[47,161796,13385],{"class":65},[47,161798,69],{"class":61},[47,161800,28797],{"class":65},[47,161802,1402],{"class":61},[47,161804,161805],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161806,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,161808,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,161810,5832],{"class":3749},[47,161812,35874],{"class":53},[47,161814,69],{"class":61},[47,161816,4981],{"class":53},[47,161818,3756],{"class":3749},[47,161820,161289],{"class":166},[47,161822,170],{"class":61},[47,161824,4914],{"class":173},[47,161826,69],{"class":61},[47,161828,4986],{"class":173},[47,161830,8218],{"class":61},[47,161832,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,161834,7944],{"class":166},[47,161836,170],{"class":61},[47,161838,22170],{"class":525},[47,161840,126],{"class":129},[47,161842,9153],{"class":65},[47,161844,7542],{"class":173},[47,161846,22179],{"class":65},[47,161848,161849],{"class":129}," scored ",[47,161851,9153],{"class":65},[47,161853,85399],{"class":173},[47,161855,22179],{"class":65},[47,161857,126],{"class":129},[47,161859,80],{"class":61},[14,161861,215],{},[37,161863,161865],{"className":39,"code":161864,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[44,161866,161867,161874,161881],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,161868,161869,161872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161870,161871],{"class":53},"Ana scored ",[47,161873,33015],{"class":65},[47,161875,161876,161879],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161877,161878],{"class":53},"Ben scored ",[47,161880,33020],{"class":65},[47,161882,161883,161886],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161884,161885],{"class":53},"Cara scored ",[47,161887,33025],{"class":65},[14,161889,44813],{},[291,161891,161892,161901,161904],{},[294,161893,161894,161897,161898],{},[44,161895,161896],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[44,161899,161900],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[294,161902,161903],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[294,161905,161906,4267,161908,161910],{},[44,161907,7542],{},[44,161909,85399],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,161912,161913,161914,30],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[21,161915,69492],{"href":69491},[32,161917,161919],{"id":161918},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,161921,161922,161924],{},[44,161923,64199],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,161926,161927],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[37,161929,161931],{"className":39,"code":161930,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[44,161932,161933,161974,161990,161994,162018],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,161934,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161970,161972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161936,4870],{"class":53},[47,161938,58],{"class":57},[47,161940,957],{"class":61},[47,161942,126],{"class":125},[47,161944,12760],{"class":129},[47,161946,126],{"class":125},[47,161948,69],{"class":61},[47,161950,136],{"class":125},[47,161952,35823],{"class":129},[47,161954,126],{"class":125},[47,161956,69],{"class":61},[47,161958,136],{"class":125},[47,161960,35832],{"class":129},[47,161962,126],{"class":125},[47,161964,69],{"class":61},[47,161966,136],{"class":125},[47,161968,161969],{"class":129},"Dan",[47,161971,126],{"class":125},[47,161973,1402],{"class":61},[47,161975,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161977,4939],{"class":53},[47,161979,58],{"class":57},[47,161981,957],{"class":61},[47,161983,13380],{"class":65},[47,161985,69],{"class":61},[47,161987,13385],{"class":65},[47,161989,1402],{"class":61},[47,161991,161992],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161993,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,161995,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,161997,5832],{"class":3749},[47,161999,35874],{"class":53},[47,162001,69],{"class":61},[47,162003,4981],{"class":53},[47,162005,3756],{"class":3749},[47,162007,161289],{"class":166},[47,162009,170],{"class":61},[47,162011,4914],{"class":173},[47,162013,69],{"class":61},[47,162015,4986],{"class":173},[47,162017,8218],{"class":61},[47,162019,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,162021,7944],{"class":166},[47,162023,170],{"class":61},[47,162025,7542],{"class":173},[47,162027,69],{"class":61},[47,162029,130736],{"class":173},[47,162031,80],{"class":61},[14,162033,215],{},[37,162035,162037],{"className":39,"code":162036,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[44,162038,162039,162045],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162040,162041,162043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162042,133755],{"class":53},[47,162044,33015],{"class":65},[47,162046,162047,162049],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162048,161331],{"class":53},[47,162050,33020],{"class":65},[14,162052,2163,162053,4267,162056,162059],{},[44,162054,162055],{},"\"Cara\"",[44,162057,162058],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162061,162062],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[37,162064,162066],{"className":39,"code":162065,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[44,162067,162068,162108,162124,162128],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162069,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162071,4870],{"class":53},[47,162073,58],{"class":57},[47,162075,957],{"class":61},[47,162077,126],{"class":125},[47,162079,12760],{"class":129},[47,162081,126],{"class":125},[47,162083,69],{"class":61},[47,162085,136],{"class":125},[47,162087,35823],{"class":129},[47,162089,126],{"class":125},[47,162091,69],{"class":61},[47,162093,136],{"class":125},[47,162095,35832],{"class":129},[47,162097,126],{"class":125},[47,162099,69],{"class":61},[47,162101,136],{"class":125},[47,162103,161969],{"class":129},[47,162105,126],{"class":125},[47,162107,1402],{"class":61},[47,162109,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162111,4939],{"class":53},[47,162113,58],{"class":57},[47,162115,957],{"class":61},[47,162117,13380],{"class":65},[47,162119,69],{"class":61},[47,162121,13385],{"class":65},[47,162123,1402],{"class":61},[47,162125,162126],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162127,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,162129,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162131,167],{"class":166},[47,162133,170],{"class":61},[47,162135,1698],{"class":166},[47,162137,170],{"class":61},[47,162139,4914],{"class":173},[47,162141,954],{"class":61},[47,162143,38267],{"class":166},[47,162145,170],{"class":61},[47,162147,16267],{"class":173},[47,162149,506],{"class":61},[14,162151,215],{},[37,162153,162155],{"className":39,"code":162154,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"4 2\n",[44,162156,162157],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162158,162159,162161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162160,1210],{"class":65},[47,162162,45472],{"class":65},[14,162164,162165,162166,30],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[44,162167,64199],{},[32,162169,91990,162171,162173],{"id":162170},"converting-zip-output",[44,162172,64199],{}," output",[14,162175,28938,162176,162178],{},[44,162177,64199],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[773,162180,1967,162182],{"id":162181},"use-listzip",[44,162183,162184],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162186,162187],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[37,162189,162191],{"className":39,"code":162190,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[44,162192,162193,162225,162245,162249,162271],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162194,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162196,4870],{"class":53},[47,162198,58],{"class":57},[47,162200,957],{"class":61},[47,162202,126],{"class":125},[47,162204,12760],{"class":129},[47,162206,126],{"class":125},[47,162208,69],{"class":61},[47,162210,136],{"class":125},[47,162212,35823],{"class":129},[47,162214,126],{"class":125},[47,162216,69],{"class":61},[47,162218,136],{"class":125},[47,162220,35832],{"class":129},[47,162222,126],{"class":125},[47,162224,1402],{"class":61},[47,162226,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162228,4939],{"class":53},[47,162230,58],{"class":57},[47,162232,957],{"class":61},[47,162234,13380],{"class":65},[47,162236,69],{"class":61},[47,162238,13385],{"class":65},[47,162240,69],{"class":61},[47,162242,28797],{"class":65},[47,162244,1402],{"class":61},[47,162246,162247],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162248,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,162250,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162252,9092],{"class":53},[47,162254,58],{"class":57},[47,162256,22436],{"class":118},[47,162258,170],{"class":61},[47,162260,64269],{"class":166},[47,162262,170],{"class":61},[47,162264,4914],{"class":173},[47,162266,69],{"class":61},[47,162268,4986],{"class":173},[47,162270,506],{"class":61},[47,162272,162273,162275,162277,162279],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,162274,167],{"class":166},[47,162276,170],{"class":61},[47,162278,9137],{"class":173},[47,162280,80],{"class":61},[14,162282,215],{},[37,162284,162286],{"className":39,"code":162285,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[44,162287,162288],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162289,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162291,21616],{"class":61},[47,162293,256],{"class":125},[47,162295,12760],{"class":129},[47,162297,256],{"class":125},[47,162299,69],{"class":61},[47,162301,19775],{"class":65},[47,162303,954],{"class":61},[47,162305,62],{"class":61},[47,162307,256],{"class":125},[47,162309,35823],{"class":129},[47,162311,256],{"class":125},[47,162313,69],{"class":61},[47,162315,13385],{"class":65},[47,162317,954],{"class":61},[47,162319,62],{"class":61},[47,162321,256],{"class":125},[47,162323,35832],{"class":129},[47,162325,256],{"class":125},[47,162327,69],{"class":61},[47,162329,28797],{"class":65},[47,162331,9124],{"class":61},[773,162333,1967,162335],{"id":162334},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[44,162336,162337],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162339,162340],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[37,162342,162344],{"className":39,"code":162343,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[44,162345,162346,162378,162406,162410,162432],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162347,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162349,17119],{"class":53},[47,162351,58],{"class":57},[47,162353,957],{"class":61},[47,162355,126],{"class":125},[47,162357,7542],{"class":129},[47,162359,126],{"class":125},[47,162361,69],{"class":61},[47,162363,136],{"class":125},[47,162365,9174],{"class":129},[47,162367,126],{"class":125},[47,162369,69],{"class":61},[47,162371,136],{"class":125},[47,162373,10284],{"class":129},[47,162375,126],{"class":125},[47,162377,1402],{"class":61},[47,162379,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162381,1196],{"class":53},[47,162383,58],{"class":57},[47,162385,957],{"class":61},[47,162387,126],{"class":125},[47,162389,12760],{"class":129},[47,162391,126],{"class":125},[47,162393,69],{"class":61},[47,162395,9181],{"class":65},[47,162397,69],{"class":61},[47,162399,136],{"class":125},[47,162401,15909],{"class":129},[47,162403,126],{"class":125},[47,162405,1402],{"class":61},[47,162407,162408],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162409,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,162411,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162413,13082],{"class":53},[47,162415,58],{"class":57},[47,162417,9048],{"class":118},[47,162419,170],{"class":61},[47,162421,64269],{"class":166},[47,162423,170],{"class":61},[47,162425,16800],{"class":173},[47,162427,69],{"class":61},[47,162429,3759],{"class":173},[47,162431,506],{"class":61},[47,162433,162434,162436,162438,162440],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,162435,167],{"class":166},[47,162437,170],{"class":61},[47,162439,17184],{"class":173},[47,162441,80],{"class":61},[14,162443,215],{},[37,162445,162447],{"className":39,"code":162446,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[44,162448,162449],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162450,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162452,9153],{"class":61},[47,162454,256],{"class":125},[47,162456,7542],{"class":129},[47,162458,256],{"class":125},[47,162460,2760],{"class":61},[47,162462,265],{"class":125},[47,162464,12760],{"class":129},[47,162466,256],{"class":125},[47,162468,69],{"class":61},[47,162470,265],{"class":125},[47,162472,9174],{"class":129},[47,162474,256],{"class":125},[47,162476,2760],{"class":61},[47,162478,9181],{"class":65},[47,162480,69],{"class":61},[47,162482,265],{"class":125},[47,162484,10284],{"class":129},[47,162486,256],{"class":125},[47,162488,2760],{"class":61},[47,162490,265],{"class":125},[47,162492,15909],{"class":129},[47,162494,256],{"class":125},[47,162496,9184],{"class":61},[14,162498,162499,162500,30],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[21,162501,30965],{"href":30964},[773,162503,162505],{"id":162504},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162507,162508],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[37,162510,162512],{"className":39,"code":162511,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[44,162513,162514,162538,162554,162558,162576,162580,162594],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162515,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162517,4870],{"class":53},[47,162519,58],{"class":57},[47,162521,957],{"class":61},[47,162523,126],{"class":125},[47,162525,12760],{"class":129},[47,162527,126],{"class":125},[47,162529,69],{"class":61},[47,162531,136],{"class":125},[47,162533,35823],{"class":129},[47,162535,126],{"class":125},[47,162537,1402],{"class":61},[47,162539,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162541,4939],{"class":53},[47,162543,58],{"class":57},[47,162545,957],{"class":61},[47,162547,13380],{"class":65},[47,162549,69],{"class":61},[47,162551,13385],{"class":65},[47,162553,1402],{"class":61},[47,162555,162556],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162557,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,162559,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162561,9092],{"class":53},[47,162563,58],{"class":57},[47,162565,161289],{"class":166},[47,162567,170],{"class":61},[47,162569,4914],{"class":173},[47,162571,69],{"class":61},[47,162573,4986],{"class":173},[47,162575,80],{"class":61},[47,162577,162578],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,162579,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,162581,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,162583,167],{"class":166},[47,162585,170],{"class":61},[47,162587,7969],{"class":118},[47,162589,170],{"class":61},[47,162591,9137],{"class":173},[47,162593,506],{"class":61},[47,162595,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,162597,167],{"class":166},[47,162599,170],{"class":61},[47,162601,7969],{"class":118},[47,162603,170],{"class":61},[47,162605,9137],{"class":173},[47,162607,506],{"class":61},[14,162609,215],{},[37,162611,162613],{"className":39,"code":162612,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[44,162614,162615,162645],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162616,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162618,21616],{"class":61},[47,162620,256],{"class":125},[47,162622,12760],{"class":129},[47,162624,256],{"class":125},[47,162626,69],{"class":61},[47,162628,19775],{"class":65},[47,162630,954],{"class":61},[47,162632,62],{"class":61},[47,162634,256],{"class":125},[47,162636,35823],{"class":129},[47,162638,256],{"class":125},[47,162640,69],{"class":61},[47,162642,13385],{"class":65},[47,162644,9124],{"class":61},[47,162646,162647],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162648,38178],{"class":61},[14,162650,162651],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162653,162654,162655,30],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[21,162656,5012],{"href":5460},[32,162658,40927],{"id":40926},[14,162660,162661,162662,30],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[44,162663,64199],{},[773,162665,162667],{"id":162666},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[37,162669,162671],{"className":39,"code":162670,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[44,162672,162673,162705,162725,162729,162753],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162674,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162676,4870],{"class":53},[47,162678,58],{"class":57},[47,162680,957],{"class":61},[47,162682,126],{"class":125},[47,162684,12760],{"class":129},[47,162686,126],{"class":125},[47,162688,69],{"class":61},[47,162690,136],{"class":125},[47,162692,35823],{"class":129},[47,162694,126],{"class":125},[47,162696,69],{"class":61},[47,162698,136],{"class":125},[47,162700,35832],{"class":129},[47,162702,126],{"class":125},[47,162704,1402],{"class":61},[47,162706,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162708,4939],{"class":53},[47,162710,58],{"class":57},[47,162712,957],{"class":61},[47,162714,13380],{"class":65},[47,162716,69],{"class":61},[47,162718,13385],{"class":65},[47,162720,69],{"class":61},[47,162722,28797],{"class":65},[47,162724,1402],{"class":61},[47,162726,162727],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162728,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,162730,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162732,5832],{"class":3749},[47,162734,35874],{"class":53},[47,162736,69],{"class":61},[47,162738,4981],{"class":53},[47,162740,3756],{"class":3749},[47,162742,161289],{"class":166},[47,162744,170],{"class":61},[47,162746,4914],{"class":173},[47,162748,69],{"class":61},[47,162750,4986],{"class":173},[47,162752,8218],{"class":61},[47,162754,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,162756,7944],{"class":166},[47,162758,170],{"class":61},[47,162760,22170],{"class":525},[47,162762,126],{"class":129},[47,162764,9153],{"class":65},[47,162766,7542],{"class":173},[47,162768,22179],{"class":65},[47,162770,22182],{"class":129},[47,162772,9153],{"class":65},[47,162774,85399],{"class":173},[47,162776,22179],{"class":65},[47,162778,126],{"class":129},[47,162780,80],{"class":61},[773,162782,162784],{"id":162783},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[37,162786,162788],{"className":39,"code":162787,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[44,162789,162790,162822,162846,162850,162872],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162791,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816,162818,162820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162793,17119],{"class":53},[47,162795,58],{"class":57},[47,162797,957],{"class":61},[47,162799,126],{"class":125},[47,162801,12529],{"class":129},[47,162803,126],{"class":125},[47,162805,69],{"class":61},[47,162807,136],{"class":125},[47,162809,7542],{"class":129},[47,162811,126],{"class":125},[47,162813,69],{"class":61},[47,162815,136],{"class":125},[47,162817,15699],{"class":129},[47,162819,126],{"class":125},[47,162821,1402],{"class":61},[47,162823,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162825,1196],{"class":53},[47,162827,58],{"class":57},[47,162829,957],{"class":61},[47,162831,46475],{"class":65},[47,162833,69],{"class":61},[47,162835,136],{"class":125},[47,162837,12760],{"class":129},[47,162839,126],{"class":125},[47,162841,69],{"class":61},[47,162843,413],{"class":412},[47,162845,1402],{"class":61},[47,162847,162848],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162849,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,162851,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162853,392],{"class":53},[47,162855,58],{"class":57},[47,162857,9048],{"class":118},[47,162859,170],{"class":61},[47,162861,64269],{"class":166},[47,162863,170],{"class":61},[47,162865,16800],{"class":173},[47,162867,69],{"class":61},[47,162869,3759],{"class":173},[47,162871,506],{"class":61},[47,162873,162874,162876,162878,162880],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,162875,167],{"class":166},[47,162877,170],{"class":61},[47,162879,424],{"class":173},[47,162881,80],{"class":61},[773,162883,162885],{"id":162884},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[37,162887,162889],{"className":39,"code":162888,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[44,162890,162891,162911,162931,162935,162960],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162892,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162894,80537],{"class":53},[47,162896,58],{"class":57},[47,162898,957],{"class":61},[47,162900,960],{"class":65},[47,162902,69],{"class":61},[47,162904,965],{"class":65},[47,162906,69],{"class":61},[47,162908,7669],{"class":65},[47,162910,1402],{"class":61},[47,162912,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923,162925,162927,162929],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162914,80558],{"class":53},[47,162916,58],{"class":57},[47,162918,957],{"class":61},[47,162920,960],{"class":65},[47,162922,69],{"class":61},[47,162924,9181],{"class":65},[47,162926,69],{"class":61},[47,162928,7669],{"class":65},[47,162930,1402],{"class":61},[47,162932,162933],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162934,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,162936,162937,162939,162941,162943,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162938,5832],{"class":3749},[47,162940,56771],{"class":53},[47,162942,69],{"class":61},[47,162944,162945],{"class":53}," b ",[47,162947,3756],{"class":3749},[47,162949,161289],{"class":166},[47,162951,170],{"class":61},[47,162953,111625],{"class":173},[47,162955,69],{"class":61},[47,162957,80601],{"class":173},[47,162959,8218],{"class":61},[47,162961,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,162963,7944],{"class":166},[47,162965,170],{"class":61},[47,162967,2430],{"class":173},[47,162969,4563],{"class":57},[47,162971,2435],{"class":173},[47,162973,80],{"class":61},[14,162975,215],{},[37,162977,162979],{"className":39,"code":162978,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[44,162980,162981,162985,162989],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,162982,162983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162984,3852],{"class":412},[47,162986,162987],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162988,3913],{"class":412},[47,162990,162991],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162992,3852],{"class":412},[773,162994,162996],{"id":162995},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[37,162998,163000],{"className":39,"code":162999,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[44,163001,163002,163037,163060,163064,163091],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,163003,163004,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163024,163026,163028,163030,163033,163035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163005,163006],{"class":53},"products ",[47,163008,58],{"class":57},[47,163010,957],{"class":61},[47,163012,126],{"class":125},[47,163014,25017],{"class":129},[47,163016,126],{"class":125},[47,163018,69],{"class":61},[47,163020,136],{"class":125},[47,163022,163023],{"class":129},"Pen",[47,163025,126],{"class":125},[47,163027,69],{"class":61},[47,163029,136],{"class":125},[47,163031,163032],{"class":129},"Bag",[47,163034,126],{"class":125},[47,163036,1402],{"class":61},[47,163038,163039,163041,163043,163045,163048,163050,163053,163055,163058],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163040,82927],{"class":53},[47,163042,58],{"class":57},[47,163044,957],{"class":61},[47,163046,163047],{"class":65},"12.5",[47,163049,69],{"class":61},[47,163051,163052],{"class":65}," 1.2",[47,163054,69],{"class":61},[47,163056,163057],{"class":65}," 25.0",[47,163059,1402],{"class":61},[47,163061,163062],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,163063,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,163065,163066,163068,163070,163072,163075,163077,163079,163081,163084,163086,163089],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,163067,5832],{"class":3749},[47,163069,25078],{"class":53},[47,163071,69],{"class":61},[47,163073,163074],{"class":53}," price ",[47,163076,3756],{"class":3749},[47,163078,161289],{"class":166},[47,163080,170],{"class":61},[47,163082,163083],{"class":173},"products",[47,163085,69],{"class":61},[47,163087,163088],{"class":173}," prices",[47,163090,8218],{"class":61},[47,163092,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163105,163107,163110,163112,163114,163116,163118],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,163094,7944],{"class":166},[47,163096,170],{"class":61},[47,163098,22170],{"class":525},[47,163100,126],{"class":129},[47,163102,9153],{"class":65},[47,163104,26886],{"class":173},[47,163106,22179],{"class":65},[47,163108,163109],{"class":129}," costs $",[47,163111,9153],{"class":65},[47,163113,25026],{"class":173},[47,163115,22179],{"class":65},[47,163117,126],{"class":129},[47,163119,80],{"class":61},[14,163121,36483,163122,30],{},[21,163123,163125],{"href":163124},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[32,163127,163129,163130],{"id":163128},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[44,163131,64199],{},[773,163133,8330,163135,163137],{"id":163134},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[44,163136,64199],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163139,163140,163142],{},[44,163141,64199],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163144,163145],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[37,163147,163149],{"className":39,"code":163148,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[44,163150,163151],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,163152,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163154,167],{"class":166},[47,163156,170],{"class":61},[47,163158,1698],{"class":166},[47,163160,170],{"class":61},[47,163162,111625],{"class":173},[47,163164,954],{"class":61},[47,163166,38267],{"class":166},[47,163168,170],{"class":61},[47,163170,80824],{"class":173},[47,163172,506],{"class":61},[773,163174,163176],{"id":163175},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163178,68715],{},[37,163180,163182],{"className":39,"code":163181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[44,163183,163184,163220,163224,163237,163247,163251,163263],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,163185,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163187,9092],{"class":53},[47,163189,58],{"class":57},[47,163191,161289],{"class":166},[47,163193,122],{"class":61},[47,163195,66],{"class":65},[47,163197,69],{"class":61},[47,163199,72],{"class":65},[47,163201,17938],{"class":61},[47,163203,957],{"class":61},[47,163205,126],{"class":125},[47,163207,21],{"class":129},[47,163209,126],{"class":125},[47,163211,69],{"class":61},[47,163213,136],{"class":125},[47,163215,139],{"class":129},[47,163217,126],{"class":125},[47,163219,153],{"class":61},[47,163221,163222],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163223,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,163225,163226,163228,163230,163232,163235],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,163227,5832],{"class":3749},[47,163229,5835],{"class":53},[47,163231,3756],{"class":3749},[47,163233,163234],{"class":53}," pairs",[47,163236,6268],{"class":61},[47,163238,163239,163241,163243,163245],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,163240,7944],{"class":166},[47,163242,170],{"class":61},[47,163244,1329],{"class":173},[47,163246,80],{"class":61},[47,163248,163249],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,163250,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,163252,163253,163255,163257,163259,163261],{"class":49,"line":163},[47,163254,5832],{"class":3749},[47,163256,5835],{"class":53},[47,163258,3756],{"class":3749},[47,163260,163234],{"class":53},[47,163262,6268],{"class":61},[47,163264,163265,163267,163269,163271],{"class":49,"line":179},[47,163266,7944],{"class":166},[47,163268,170],{"class":61},[47,163270,1329],{"class":173},[47,163272,80],{"class":61},[14,163274,163275],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[773,163277,163279],{"id":163278},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163281,163282],{},"This is correct:",[37,163284,163286],{"className":39,"code":163285,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[44,163287,163288,163312,163328,163332,163356],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,163289,163290,163292,163294,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163291,4870],{"class":53},[47,163293,58],{"class":57},[47,163295,957],{"class":61},[47,163297,126],{"class":125},[47,163299,12760],{"class":129},[47,163301,126],{"class":125},[47,163303,69],{"class":61},[47,163305,136],{"class":125},[47,163307,35823],{"class":129},[47,163309,126],{"class":125},[47,163311,1402],{"class":61},[47,163313,163314,163316,163318,163320,163322,163324,163326],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163315,4939],{"class":53},[47,163317,58],{"class":57},[47,163319,957],{"class":61},[47,163321,13380],{"class":65},[47,163323,69],{"class":61},[47,163325,13385],{"class":65},[47,163327,1402],{"class":61},[47,163329,163330],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,163331,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,163333,163334,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350,163352,163354],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,163335,5832],{"class":3749},[47,163337,35874],{"class":53},[47,163339,69],{"class":61},[47,163341,4981],{"class":53},[47,163343,3756],{"class":3749},[47,163345,161289],{"class":166},[47,163347,170],{"class":61},[47,163349,4914],{"class":173},[47,163351,69],{"class":61},[47,163353,4986],{"class":173},[47,163355,8218],{"class":61},[47,163357,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368],{"class":49,"line":156},[47,163359,7944],{"class":166},[47,163361,170],{"class":61},[47,163363,7542],{"class":173},[47,163365,69],{"class":61},[47,163367,130736],{"class":173},[47,163369,80],{"class":61},[14,163371,163372],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[37,163374,163376],{"className":39,"code":163375,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[44,163377,163378,163398],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,163379,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163381,5832],{"class":3749},[47,163383,5835],{"class":53},[47,163385,3756],{"class":3749},[47,163387,161289],{"class":166},[47,163389,170],{"class":61},[47,163391,4914],{"class":173},[47,163393,69],{"class":61},[47,163395,4986],{"class":173},[47,163397,8218],{"class":61},[47,163399,163400,163402,163404,163406],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163401,7944],{"class":166},[47,163403,170],{"class":61},[47,163405,1329],{"class":173},[47,163407,80],{"class":61},[14,163409,215],{},[37,163411,163413],{"className":39,"code":163412,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[44,163414,163415,163431],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,163416,163417,163419,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163418,170],{"class":61},[47,163420,256],{"class":125},[47,163422,12760],{"class":129},[47,163424,256],{"class":125},[47,163426,69],{"class":61},[47,163428,19775],{"class":65},[47,163430,80],{"class":61},[47,163432,163433,163435,163437,163439,163441,163443,163445],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163434,170],{"class":61},[47,163436,256],{"class":125},[47,163438,35823],{"class":129},[47,163440,256],{"class":125},[47,163442,69],{"class":61},[47,163444,13385],{"class":65},[47,163446,80],{"class":61},[14,163448,163449],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[773,163451,8294,163453,163455,163456],{"id":163452},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[44,163454,64199],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[44,163457,35631],{},[14,163459,1967,163460,163462],{},[44,163461,64199],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163464,1967,163465,163467],{},[44,163466,35631],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[37,163469,163470],{"className":39,"code":35800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[44,163471,163472,163504,163508,163528],{"__ignoreMap":42},[47,163473,163474,163476,163478,163480,163482,163484,163486,163488,163490,163492,163494,163496,163498,163500,163502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163475,4870],{"class":53},[47,163477,58],{"class":57},[47,163479,957],{"class":61},[47,163481,126],{"class":125},[47,163483,12760],{"class":129},[47,163485,126],{"class":125},[47,163487,69],{"class":61},[47,163489,136],{"class":125},[47,163491,35823],{"class":129},[47,163493,126],{"class":125},[47,163495,69],{"class":61},[47,163497,136],{"class":125},[47,163499,35832],{"class":129},[47,163501,126],{"class":125},[47,163503,1402],{"class":61},[47,163505,163506],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163507,160],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":159},[47,163509,163510,163512,163514,163516,163518,163520,163522,163524,163526],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,163511,5832],{"class":3749},[47,163513,35703],{"class":53},[47,163515,69],{"class":61},[47,163517,35851],{"class":53},[47,163519,3756],{"class":3749},[47,163521,35713],{"class":166},[47,163523,170],{"class":61},[47,163525,4914],{"class":173},[47,163527,8218],{"class":61},[47,163529,163530,163532,163534,163536,163538,163540],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,163531,7944],{"class":166},[47,163533,170],{"class":61},[47,163535,35728],{"class":173},[47,163537,69],{"class":61},[47,163539,35874],{"class":173},[47,163541,80],{"class":61},[14,163543,163544,163545,30],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[21,163546,3448,163547,3381],{"href":91902},[44,163548,35631],{},[32,163550,1708],{"id":1707},[773,163552,1744,163554,5020],{"id":163553},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[44,163555,64199],{},[14,163557,163558],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[773,163560,12584,163562,163564],{"id":163561},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[44,163563,64199],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163566,163567],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[773,163569,163571,163572,2368],{"id":163570},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[44,163573,64199],{},[14,163575,163576,163577,30],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[44,163578,162184],{},[773,163580,163582,163583,2368],{"id":163581},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[44,163584,64199],{},[14,163586,128101,163587,163589],{},[44,163588,162337],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[773,163591,163593],{"id":163592},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163595,163596],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[32,163598,1758],{"id":1757},[291,163600,163601,163606,163612,163616,163620],{},[294,163602,163603],{},[21,163604,163605],{"href":163124},"How to use zip in Python",[294,163607,163608],{},[21,163609,3448,163610,3381],{"href":91902},[44,163611,35631],{},[294,163613,163614],{},[21,163615,5091],{"href":5460},[294,163617,163618],{},[21,163619,69568],{"href":69491},[294,163621,163622],{},[21,163623,32139],{"href":30964},[1796,163625,163626],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":163628},[163629,163630,163632,163633,163634,163635,163643,163649,163658,163669],{"id":34,"depth":83,"text":35},{"id":161348,"depth":83,"text":163631},"What zip() does",{"id":2031,"depth":83,"text":2032},{"id":161741,"depth":83,"text":161742},{"id":161918,"depth":83,"text":161919},{"id":162170,"depth":83,"text":163636,"children":163637},"Converting zip() output",[163638,163640,163642],{"id":162181,"depth":94,"text":163639},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162334,"depth":94,"text":163641},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162504,"depth":94,"text":162505},{"id":40926,"depth":83,"text":40927,"children":163644},[163645,163646,163647,163648],{"id":162666,"depth":94,"text":162667},{"id":162783,"depth":94,"text":162784},{"id":162884,"depth":94,"text":162885},{"id":162995,"depth":94,"text":162996},{"id":163128,"depth":83,"text":163650,"children":163651},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163652,163654,163655,163656],{"id":163134,"depth":94,"text":163653},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163175,"depth":94,"text":163176},{"id":163278,"depth":94,"text":163279},{"id":163452,"depth":94,"text":163657},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1707,"depth":83,"text":1708,"children":163659},[163660,163662,163664,163666,163668],{"id":163553,"depth":94,"text":163661},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163561,"depth":94,"text":163663},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163570,"depth":94,"text":163665},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163581,"depth":94,"text":163667},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163592,"depth":94,"text":163593},{"id":1757,"depth":83,"text":1758},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161190,"description":163670},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944954093]