[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163544},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":1733},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1726,"extension":1727,"meta":1728,"navigation":122,"path":1729,"seo":1730,"stem":1731,"__hash__":1732},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1696},"minimark",[9,13,22,25,40,46,51,155,158,202,208,212,217,220,231,245,249,252,275,278,303,306,310,316,361,363,386,389,403,407,412,415,471,473,494,501,505,508,558,560,595,610,614,623,662,664,696,700,703,760,762,783,790,794,800,877,880,905,909,912,918,997,999,1061,1064,1077,1084,1088,1093,1107,1110,1149,1151,1168,1171,1184,1188,1194,1205,1211,1226,1229,1232,1236,1239,1243,1246,1260,1263,1294,1301,1305,1308,1328,1331,1384,1390,1408,1411,1444,1448,1450,1504,1507,1532,1535,1558,1562,1568,1571,1608,1611,1617,1621,1625,1628,1632,1638,1642,1645,1649,1652,1656,1661,1665,1692],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"The built-in ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"tuple()"," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,23,24],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[26,27,28,34],"ul",{},[29,30,31,33],"li",{},[18,32,20],{}," creates an empty tuple",[29,35,36,39],{},[18,37,38],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,41,42,43,45],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[18,44,20],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[47,48,50],"h2",{"id":49},"quick-example","Quick example",[52,53,58],"pre",{"className":54,"code":55,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n","python","",[18,59,60,95,117,124,138],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62,65,69,73,77,81,84,87,89,92],"span",{"class":63,"line":64},"line",1,[61,66,68],{"class":67},"su5hD","numbers ",[61,70,72],{"class":71},"smGrS","=",[61,74,76],{"class":75},"sP7_E"," [",[61,78,80],{"class":79},"srdBf","1",[61,82,83],{"class":75},",",[61,85,86],{"class":79}," 2",[61,88,83],{"class":75},[61,90,91],{"class":79}," 3",[61,93,94],{"class":75},"]\n",[61,96,98,101,103,107,110,114],{"class":63,"line":97},2,[61,99,100],{"class":67},"result ",[61,102,72],{"class":71},[61,104,106],{"class":105},"sZMiF"," tuple",[61,108,109],{"class":75},"(",[61,111,113],{"class":112},"slqww","numbers",[61,115,116],{"class":75},")\n",[61,118,120],{"class":63,"line":119},3,[61,121,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},true,"\n",[61,125,127,131,133,136],{"class":63,"line":126},4,[61,128,130],{"class":129},"sptTA","print",[61,132,109],{"class":75},[61,134,135],{"class":112},"result",[61,137,116],{"class":75},[61,139,141,143,145,148,150,152],{"class":63,"line":140},5,[61,142,130],{"class":129},[61,144,109],{"class":75},[61,146,147],{"class":105},"type",[61,149,109],{"class":75},[61,151,135],{"class":112},[61,153,154],{"class":75},"))\n",[14,156,157],{},"Output:",[52,159,161],{"className":54,"code":160,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,162,163,179],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,164,165,167,169,171,173,175,177],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,166,109],{"class":75},[61,168,80],{"class":79},[61,170,83],{"class":75},[61,172,86],{"class":79},[61,174,83],{"class":75},[61,176,91],{"class":79},[61,178,116],{"class":75},[61,180,181,184,188,192,196,199],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,182,183],{"class":71},"\u003C",[61,185,187],{"class":186},"sbsja","class",[61,189,191],{"class":190},"sjJ54"," '",[61,193,195],{"class":194},"s_sjI","tuple",[61,197,198],{"class":190},"'",[61,200,201],{"class":71},">\n",[14,203,204,205,207],{},"Use ",[18,206,38],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[47,209,211],{"id":210},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,213,214,216],{},[18,215,20],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,218,219],{},"It:",[26,221,222,225,228],{},[29,223,224],{},"creates a tuple object",[29,226,227],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[29,229,230],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,232,233,234,239,240,244],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[235,236,238],"a",{"href":237},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python"," or the full guide to ",[235,241,243],{"href":242},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",".",[47,246,248],{"id":247},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,250,251],{},"There are two common forms:",[52,253,255],{"className":54,"code":254,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[18,256,257,264],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,258,259,261],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,260,195],{"class":105},[61,262,263],{"class":75},"()\n",[61,265,266,268,270,273],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,267,195],{"class":105},[61,269,109],{"class":75},[61,271,272],{"class":112},"iterable",[61,274,116],{"class":75},[14,276,277],{},"Important points:",[26,279,280,283],{},[29,281,282],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[29,284,285,286],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[26,287,288,291,294,297,300],{},[29,289,290],{},"lists",[29,292,293],{},"strings",[29,295,296],{},"ranges",[29,298,299],{},"sets",[29,301,302],{},"dictionaries",[14,304,305],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[47,307,309],{"id":308},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,311,312,313,315],{},"Calling ",[18,314,20],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[52,317,319],{"className":54,"code":318,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,320,321,332,336,347],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,322,323,326,328,330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,324,325],{"class":67},"empty ",[61,327,72],{"class":71},[61,329,106],{"class":105},[61,331,263],{"class":75},[61,333,334],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,335,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,337,338,340,342,345],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,339,130],{"class":129},[61,341,109],{"class":75},[61,343,344],{"class":112},"empty",[61,346,116],{"class":75},[61,348,349,351,353,355,357,359],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,350,130],{"class":129},[61,352,109],{"class":75},[61,354,147],{"class":105},[61,356,109],{"class":75},[61,358,344],{"class":112},[61,360,154],{"class":75},[14,362,157],{},[52,364,366],{"className":54,"code":365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,367,368,372],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,369,370],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,371,263],{"class":75},[61,373,374,376,378,380,382,384],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,375,183],{"class":71},[61,377,187],{"class":186},[61,379,191],{"class":190},[61,381,195],{"class":194},[61,383,198],{"class":190},[61,385,201],{"class":71},[14,387,388],{},"This is equivalent to:",[52,390,392],{"className":54,"code":391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty = ()\n",[18,393,394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,395,396,398,400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,397,325],{"class":67},[61,399,72],{"class":71},[61,401,402],{"class":75}," ()\n",[47,404,406],{"id":405},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[408,409,411],"h3",{"id":410},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,413,414],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[52,416,418],{"className":54,"code":417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,419,420,443,457,461],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,421,422,424,426,428,431,433,436,438,441],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,423,68],{"class":67},[61,425,72],{"class":71},[61,427,76],{"class":75},[61,429,430],{"class":79},"10",[61,432,83],{"class":75},[61,434,435],{"class":79}," 20",[61,437,83],{"class":75},[61,439,440],{"class":79}," 30",[61,442,94],{"class":75},[61,444,445,447,449,451,453,455],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,446,100],{"class":67},[61,448,72],{"class":71},[61,450,106],{"class":105},[61,452,109],{"class":75},[61,454,113],{"class":112},[61,456,116],{"class":75},[61,458,459],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,460,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,462,463,465,467,469],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,464,130],{"class":129},[61,466,109],{"class":75},[61,468,135],{"class":112},[61,470,116],{"class":75},[14,472,157],{},[52,474,476],{"className":54,"code":475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[18,477,478],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,479,480,482,484,486,488,490,492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,481,109],{"class":75},[61,483,430],{"class":79},[61,485,83],{"class":75},[61,487,435],{"class":79},[61,489,83],{"class":75},[61,491,440],{"class":79},[61,493,116],{"class":75},[14,495,496,497,244],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[235,498,500],{"href":499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F","Python list() function explained",[408,502,504],{"id":503},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,506,507],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[52,509,511],{"className":54,"code":510,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,512,513,529,544,548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,514,515,518,520,523,526],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,516,517],{"class":67},"text ",[61,519,72],{"class":71},[61,521,522],{"class":190}," \"",[61,524,525],{"class":194},"cat",[61,527,528],{"class":190},"\"\n",[61,530,531,533,535,537,539,542],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,532,100],{"class":67},[61,534,72],{"class":71},[61,536,106],{"class":105},[61,538,109],{"class":75},[61,540,541],{"class":112},"text",[61,543,116],{"class":75},[61,545,546],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,547,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,549,550,552,554,556],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,551,130],{"class":129},[61,553,109],{"class":75},[61,555,135],{"class":112},[61,557,116],{"class":75},[14,559,157],{},[52,561,563],{"className":54,"code":562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[18,564,565],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,566,567,569,571,574,576,578,580,582,584,586,588,591,593],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,568,109],{"class":75},[61,570,198],{"class":190},[61,572,573],{"class":194},"c",[61,575,198],{"class":190},[61,577,83],{"class":75},[61,579,191],{"class":190},[61,581,235],{"class":194},[61,583,198],{"class":190},[61,585,83],{"class":75},[61,587,191],{"class":190},[61,589,590],{"class":194},"t",[61,592,198],{"class":190},[61,594,116],{"class":75},[14,596,597,598,601,602,606,607,244],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[18,599,600],{},"tuple(\"cat\")"," does ",[603,604,605],"strong",{},"not"," create ",[18,608,609],{},"('cat',)",[408,611,613],{"id":612},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,615,616,619,620,622],{},[18,617,618],{},"range()"," produces values one at a time, and ",[18,621,20],{}," collects them all.",[52,624,626],{"className":54,"code":625,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,627,628,648,652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,629,630,632,634,636,638,641,643,646],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,631,100],{"class":67},[61,633,72],{"class":71},[61,635,106],{"class":105},[61,637,109],{"class":75},[61,639,640],{"class":129},"range",[61,642,109],{"class":75},[61,644,645],{"class":79},"5",[61,647,154],{"class":75},[61,649,650],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,651,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,653,654,656,658,660],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,655,130],{"class":129},[61,657,109],{"class":75},[61,659,135],{"class":112},[61,661,116],{"class":75},[14,663,157],{},[52,665,667],{"className":54,"code":666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[18,668,669],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,670,671,673,676,678,681,683,685,687,689,691,694],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,672,109],{"class":75},[61,674,675],{"class":79},"0",[61,677,83],{"class":75},[61,679,680],{"class":79}," 1",[61,682,83],{"class":75},[61,684,86],{"class":79},[61,686,83],{"class":75},[61,688,91],{"class":79},[61,690,83],{"class":75},[61,692,693],{"class":79}," 4",[61,695,116],{"class":75},[408,697,699],{"id":698},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,701,702],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[52,704,706],{"className":54,"code":705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,707,708,731,746,750],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,709,710,713,715,718,720,722,724,726,728],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,711,712],{"class":67},"values ",[61,714,72],{"class":71},[61,716,717],{"class":75}," {",[61,719,80],{"class":79},[61,721,83],{"class":75},[61,723,86],{"class":79},[61,725,83],{"class":75},[61,727,91],{"class":79},[61,729,730],{"class":75},"}\n",[61,732,733,735,737,739,741,744],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,734,100],{"class":67},[61,736,72],{"class":71},[61,738,106],{"class":105},[61,740,109],{"class":75},[61,742,743],{"class":112},"values",[61,745,116],{"class":75},[61,747,748],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,749,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,751,752,754,756,758],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,753,130],{"class":129},[61,755,109],{"class":75},[61,757,135],{"class":112},[61,759,116],{"class":75},[14,761,157],{},[52,763,765],{"className":54,"code":764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,766,767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,768,769,771,773,775,777,779,781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,770,109],{"class":75},[61,772,80],{"class":79},[61,774,83],{"class":75},[61,776,86],{"class":79},[61,778,83],{"class":75},[61,780,91],{"class":79},[61,782,116],{"class":75},[14,784,785,786,244],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[235,787,789],{"href":788},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[408,791,793],{"id":792},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,795,796,797,799],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[18,798,20],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[52,801,803],{"className":54,"code":802,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,804,805,848,863,867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,806,807,810,812,814,817,820,822,825,827,830,832,834,836,839,841,843,846],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,808,809],{"class":67},"person ",[61,811,72],{"class":71},[61,813,717],{"class":75},[61,815,816],{"class":190},"\"",[61,818,819],{"class":194},"name",[61,821,816],{"class":190},[61,823,824],{"class":75},":",[61,826,522],{"class":190},[61,828,829],{"class":194},"Ana",[61,831,816],{"class":190},[61,833,83],{"class":75},[61,835,522],{"class":190},[61,837,838],{"class":194},"age",[61,840,816],{"class":190},[61,842,824],{"class":75},[61,844,845],{"class":79}," 25",[61,847,730],{"class":75},[61,849,850,852,854,856,858,861],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,851,100],{"class":67},[61,853,72],{"class":71},[61,855,106],{"class":105},[61,857,109],{"class":75},[61,859,860],{"class":112},"person",[61,862,116],{"class":75},[61,864,865],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,866,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,868,869,871,873,875],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,870,130],{"class":129},[61,872,109],{"class":75},[61,874,135],{"class":112},[61,876,116],{"class":75},[14,878,879],{},"Possible output:",[52,881,883],{"className":54,"code":882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('name', 'age')\n",[18,884,885],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,886,887,889,891,893,895,897,899,901,903],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,888,109],{"class":75},[61,890,198],{"class":190},[61,892,819],{"class":194},[61,894,198],{"class":190},[61,896,83],{"class":75},[61,898,191],{"class":190},[61,900,838],{"class":194},[61,902,198],{"class":190},[61,904,116],{"class":75},[47,906,908],{"id":907},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,910,911],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,913,914,917],{},[18,915,916],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[52,919,921],{"className":54,"code":920,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[18,922,923,959,963,977],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,924,925,927,929,931,933,935,937,939,941,943,945,947,949,951,953,955,957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,926,809],{"class":67},[61,928,72],{"class":71},[61,930,717],{"class":75},[61,932,816],{"class":190},[61,934,819],{"class":194},[61,936,816],{"class":190},[61,938,824],{"class":75},[61,940,522],{"class":190},[61,942,829],{"class":194},[61,944,816],{"class":190},[61,946,83],{"class":75},[61,948,522],{"class":190},[61,950,838],{"class":194},[61,952,816],{"class":190},[61,954,824],{"class":75},[61,956,845],{"class":79},[61,958,730],{"class":75},[61,960,961],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,962,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,964,965,967,969,971,973,975],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,966,130],{"class":129},[61,968,109],{"class":75},[61,970,195],{"class":105},[61,972,109],{"class":75},[61,974,860],{"class":112},[61,976,154],{"class":75},[61,978,979,981,983,985,987,989,991,994],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,980,130],{"class":129},[61,982,109],{"class":75},[61,984,195],{"class":105},[61,986,109],{"class":75},[61,988,860],{"class":112},[61,990,244],{"class":75},[61,992,993],{"class":112},"items",[61,995,996],{"class":75},"()))\n",[14,998,157],{},[52,1000,1002],{"className":54,"code":1001,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[18,1003,1004,1024],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1005,1006,1008,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1007,109],{"class":75},[61,1009,198],{"class":190},[61,1011,819],{"class":194},[61,1013,198],{"class":190},[61,1015,83],{"class":75},[61,1017,191],{"class":190},[61,1019,838],{"class":194},[61,1021,198],{"class":190},[61,1023,116],{"class":75},[61,1025,1026,1029,1031,1033,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043,1046,1049,1051,1053,1055,1057,1059],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1027,1028],{"class":75},"((",[61,1030,198],{"class":190},[61,1032,819],{"class":194},[61,1034,198],{"class":190},[61,1036,83],{"class":75},[61,1038,191],{"class":190},[61,1040,829],{"class":194},[61,1042,198],{"class":190},[61,1044,1045],{"class":75},"),",[61,1047,1048],{"class":75}," (",[61,1050,198],{"class":190},[61,1052,838],{"class":194},[61,1054,198],{"class":190},[61,1056,83],{"class":75},[61,1058,845],{"class":79},[61,1060,154],{"class":75},[14,1062,1063],{},"Use:",[26,1065,1066,1071],{},[29,1067,1068,1070],{},[18,1069,916],{}," for keys",[29,1072,1073,1076],{},[18,1074,1075],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())"," for key-value pairs",[14,1078,1079,1080,244],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[235,1081,1083],{"href":1082},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[47,1085,1087],{"id":1086},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,1089,1090,1092],{},[18,1091,20],{}," is a good choice when:",[26,1094,1095,1098,1101,1104],{},[29,1096,1097],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[29,1099,1100],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[29,1102,1103],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[29,1105,1106],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,1108,1109],{},"Example:",[52,1111,1113],{"className":54,"code":1112,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[18,1114,1115,1138],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1116,1117,1120,1122,1124,1127,1130,1132,1135],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1118,1119],{"class":67},"coordinates ",[61,1121,72],{"class":71},[61,1123,106],{"class":105},[61,1125,1126],{"class":75},"([",[61,1128,1129],{"class":79},"4",[61,1131,83],{"class":75},[61,1133,1134],{"class":79}," 7",[61,1136,1137],{"class":75},"])\n",[61,1139,1140,1142,1144,1147],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1141,130],{"class":129},[61,1143,109],{"class":75},[61,1145,1146],{"class":112},"coordinates",[61,1148,116],{"class":75},[14,1150,157],{},[52,1152,1154],{"className":54,"code":1153,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(4, 7)\n",[18,1155,1156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1157,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1159,109],{"class":75},[61,1161,1129],{"class":79},[61,1163,83],{"class":75},[61,1165,1134],{"class":79},[61,1167,116],{"class":75},[14,1169,1170],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[26,1172,1173,1175,1178,1181],{},[29,1174,1146],{},[29,1176,1177],{},"RGB colors",[29,1179,1180],{},"dates",[29,1182,1183],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[47,1185,1187],{"id":1186},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,1189,1190,1191,1193],{},"Do not use ",[18,1192,20],{}," when:",[26,1195,1196,1199,1202],{},[29,1197,1198],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[29,1200,1201],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[29,1203,1204],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,1206,1207,1208,1210],{},"For example, this does ",[603,1209,605],{}," work:",[52,1212,1214],{"className":54,"code":1213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple(5)\n",[18,1215,1216],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1217,1218,1220,1222,1224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1219,195],{"class":105},[61,1221,109],{"class":75},[61,1223,645],{"class":79},[61,1225,116],{"class":75},[14,1227,1228],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,1230,1231],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[47,1233,1235],{"id":1234},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,1237,1238],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[408,1240,1242],{"id":1241},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,1244,1245],{},"This causes an error:",[52,1247,1248],{"className":54,"code":1213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,1249,1250],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1251,1252,1254,1256,1258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1253,195],{"class":105},[61,1255,109],{"class":75},[61,1257,645],{"class":79},[61,1259,116],{"class":75},[14,1261,1262],{},"Error:",[52,1264,1266],{"className":54,"code":1265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[18,1267,1268],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1269,1270,1273,1275,1277,1280,1282,1285,1288,1291],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1271,1272],{"class":105},"TypeError",[61,1274,824],{"class":75},[61,1276,191],{"class":190},[61,1278,1279],{"class":194},"int",[61,1281,198],{"class":190},[61,1283,1284],{"class":105}," object",[61,1286,1287],{"class":71}," is",[61,1289,1290],{"class":71}," not",[61,1292,1293],{"class":67}," iterable\n",[14,1295,1296,1297,244],{},"If you see this, read ",[235,1298,1300],{"href":1299},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: int object is not iterable",[408,1302,1304],{"id":1303},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,1306,1307],{},"This code:",[52,1309,1311],{"className":54,"code":1310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[18,1312,1313],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1314,1315,1317,1319,1321,1324,1326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1316,195],{"class":105},[61,1318,109],{"class":75},[61,1320,816],{"class":190},[61,1322,1323],{"class":194},"hello",[61,1325,816],{"class":190},[61,1327,116],{"class":75},[14,1329,1330],{},"returns:",[52,1332,1334],{"className":54,"code":1333,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[18,1335,1336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1337,1338,1340,1342,1345,1347,1349,1351,1354,1356,1358,1360,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371,1373,1375,1377,1380,1382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1339,109],{"class":75},[61,1341,198],{"class":190},[61,1343,1344],{"class":194},"h",[61,1346,198],{"class":190},[61,1348,83],{"class":75},[61,1350,191],{"class":190},[61,1352,1353],{"class":194},"e",[61,1355,198],{"class":190},[61,1357,83],{"class":75},[61,1359,191],{"class":190},[61,1361,1362],{"class":194},"l",[61,1364,198],{"class":190},[61,1366,83],{"class":75},[61,1368,191],{"class":190},[61,1370,1362],{"class":194},[61,1372,198],{"class":190},[61,1374,83],{"class":75},[61,1376,191],{"class":190},[61,1378,1379],{"class":194},"o",[61,1381,198],{"class":190},[61,1383,116],{"class":75},[14,1385,1386,1387,1389],{},"It does ",[603,1388,605],{}," return:",[52,1391,1393],{"className":54,"code":1392,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('hello',)\n",[18,1394,1395],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1396,1397,1399,1401,1403,1405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1398,109],{"class":75},[61,1400,198],{"class":190},[61,1402,1323],{"class":194},[61,1404,198],{"class":190},[61,1406,1407],{"class":75},",)\n",[14,1409,1410],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[52,1412,1414],{"className":54,"code":1413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[18,1415,1416,1433],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1417,1418,1421,1423,1425,1427,1429,1431],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1419,1420],{"class":67},"single ",[61,1422,72],{"class":71},[61,1424,1048],{"class":75},[61,1426,816],{"class":190},[61,1428,1323],{"class":194},[61,1430,816],{"class":190},[61,1432,1407],{"class":75},[61,1434,1435,1437,1439,1442],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1436,130],{"class":129},[61,1438,109],{"class":75},[61,1440,1441],{"class":112},"single",[61,1443,116],{"class":75},[408,1445,1447],{"id":1446},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,1449,1307],{},[52,1451,1453],{"className":54,"code":1452,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[18,1454,1455,1489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1456,1457,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478,1481,1483,1485,1487],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1458,1459],{"class":67},"data ",[61,1461,72],{"class":71},[61,1463,717],{"class":75},[61,1465,816],{"class":190},[61,1467,235],{"class":194},[61,1469,816],{"class":190},[61,1471,824],{"class":75},[61,1473,680],{"class":79},[61,1475,83],{"class":75},[61,1477,522],{"class":190},[61,1479,1480],{"class":194},"b",[61,1482,816],{"class":190},[61,1484,824],{"class":75},[61,1486,86],{"class":79},[61,1488,730],{"class":75},[61,1490,1491,1493,1495,1497,1499,1502],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1492,130],{"class":129},[61,1494,109],{"class":75},[61,1496,195],{"class":105},[61,1498,109],{"class":75},[61,1500,1501],{"class":112},"data",[61,1503,154],{"class":75},[14,1505,1506],{},"returns only the keys:",[52,1508,1510],{"className":54,"code":1509,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('a', 'b')\n",[18,1511,1512],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1513,1514,1516,1518,1520,1522,1524,1526,1528,1530],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1515,109],{"class":75},[61,1517,198],{"class":190},[61,1519,235],{"class":194},[61,1521,198],{"class":190},[61,1523,83],{"class":75},[61,1525,191],{"class":190},[61,1527,1480],{"class":194},[61,1529,198],{"class":190},[61,1531,116],{"class":75},[14,1533,1534],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[52,1536,1538],{"className":54,"code":1537,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[18,1539,1540],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1541,1542,1544,1546,1548,1550,1552,1554,1556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1543,130],{"class":129},[61,1545,109],{"class":75},[61,1547,195],{"class":105},[61,1549,109],{"class":75},[61,1551,1501],{"class":112},[61,1553,244],{"class":75},[61,1555,993],{"class":112},[61,1557,996],{"class":75},[408,1559,1561],{"id":1560},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,1563,1564,1565,1567],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[18,1566,20],{}," conversion.",[14,1569,1570],{},"For example:",[52,1572,1574],{"className":54,"code":1573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[18,1575,1576,1597],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1577,1578,1581,1583,1585,1587,1589,1591,1593,1595],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1579,1580],{"class":67},"value ",[61,1582,72],{"class":71},[61,1584,1048],{"class":75},[61,1586,80],{"class":79},[61,1588,83],{"class":75},[61,1590,86],{"class":79},[61,1592,83],{"class":75},[61,1594,91],{"class":79},[61,1596,116],{"class":75},[61,1598,1599,1601,1603,1606],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1600,130],{"class":129},[61,1602,109],{"class":75},[61,1604,1605],{"class":112},"value",[61,1607,116],{"class":75},[14,1609,1610],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,1612,1613,1614,1616],{},"But ",[18,1615,20],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[47,1618,1620],{"id":1619},"faq","FAQ",[408,1622,1624],{"id":1623},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,1626,1627],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[408,1629,1631],{"id":1630},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,1633,1634,1635,244],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[18,1636,1637],{},"()",[408,1639,1641],{"id":1640},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,1643,1644],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[408,1646,1648],{"id":1647},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,1650,1651],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[408,1653,1655],{"id":1654},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,1657,1658,1659,244],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[18,1660,1272],{},[47,1662,1664],{"id":1663},"see-also","See also",[26,1666,1667,1671,1676,1680,1684,1688],{},[29,1668,1669],{},[235,1670,243],{"href":242},[29,1672,1673],{},[235,1674,1675],{"href":237},"What is a tuple in Python?",[29,1677,1678],{},[235,1679,500],{"href":499},[29,1681,1682],{},[235,1683,789],{"href":788},[29,1685,1686],{},[235,1687,1083],{"href":1082},[29,1689,1690],{},[235,1691,1300],{"href":1299},[1693,1694,1695],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":1697},[1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1709,1710,1711,1712,1718,1725],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":210,"depth":97,"text":211},{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":308,"depth":97,"text":309},{"id":405,"depth":97,"text":406,"children":1703},[1704,1705,1706,1707,1708],{"id":410,"depth":119,"text":411},{"id":503,"depth":119,"text":504},{"id":612,"depth":119,"text":613},{"id":698,"depth":119,"text":699},{"id":792,"depth":119,"text":793},{"id":907,"depth":97,"text":908},{"id":1086,"depth":97,"text":1087},{"id":1186,"depth":97,"text":1187},{"id":1234,"depth":97,"text":1235,"children":1713},[1714,1715,1716,1717],{"id":1241,"depth":119,"text":1242},{"id":1303,"depth":119,"text":1304},{"id":1446,"depth":119,"text":1447},{"id":1560,"depth":119,"text":1561},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":1719},[1720,1721,1722,1723,1724],{"id":1623,"depth":119,"text":1624},{"id":1630,"depth":119,"text":1631},{"id":1640,"depth":119,"text":1641},{"id":1647,"depth":119,"text":1648},{"id":1654,"depth":119,"text":1655},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":1726},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",[1734,3324,5041,6733,8869,11063,12583,14758,16965,19422,21261,23827,25924,28205,30150,32061,34057,35495,37322,39846,42007,43236,44606,46254,48575,50417,52398,54092,55345,57039,58790,60756,62505,64597,65957,67908,69471,71462,73257,75157,77599,79677,82317,84345,86308,88496,90500,92813,94495,95940,97134,98312,100152,102592,104296,106310,107834,109079,110242,111624,113695,115590,117363,119229,121348,123088,124550,126142,128065,129742,131677,133166,135950,137527,139086,141114,143066,144529,145718,147604,149013,150699,152108,153530,154933,156831,159225,161056],{"id":1735,"title":1736,"body":1737,"description":3318,"extension":1727,"meta":3319,"navigation":122,"path":3320,"seo":3321,"stem":3322,"__hash__":3323},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1738,"toc":3290},[1739,1742,1749,1752,1763,1766,1768,1833,1835,1855,1860,1864,1869,1872,1887,1890,1915,1918,1920,1923,1939,1942,1968,1970,2028,2030,2045,2055,2066,2070,2073,2126,2128,2148,2151,2175,2182,2186,2191,2197,2199,2234,2236,2245,2252,2269,2272,2284,2288,2293,2297,2300,2321,2323,2381,2383,2391,2394,2398,2430,2432,2440,2443,2447,2452,2500,2502,2510,2514,2574,2576,2584,2587,2591,2595,2597,2620,2629,2645,2696,2698,2713,2724,2728,2731,2759,2765,2769,2774,2815,2817,2828,2831,2874,2876,2884,2888,2893,2915,2917,2926,2935,2939,2944,2966,2968,3038,3040,3087,3090,3093,3096,3176,3178,3209,3211,3215,3218,3222,3225,3229,3232,3236,3248,3252,3255,3257,3287],[10,1740,1736],{"id":1741},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,1743,1744,1745,1748],{},"The ",[18,1746,1747],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1750,1751],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[26,1753,1754,1757,1760],{},[29,1755,1756],{},"a number without its negative sign",[29,1758,1759],{},"the distance between two numbers",[29,1761,1762],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,1764,1765],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[47,1767,50],{"id":49},[52,1769,1771],{"className":54,"code":1770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[18,1772,1773,1792,1807],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1774,1775,1777,1779,1782,1784,1787,1790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1776,130],{"class":129},[61,1778,109],{"class":75},[61,1780,1781],{"class":129},"abs",[61,1783,109],{"class":75},[61,1785,1786],{"class":71},"-",[61,1788,1789],{"class":79},"7",[61,1791,154],{"class":75},[61,1793,1794,1796,1798,1800,1802,1805],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1795,130],{"class":129},[61,1797,109],{"class":75},[61,1799,1781],{"class":129},[61,1801,109],{"class":75},[61,1803,1804],{"class":79},"3.5",[61,1806,154],{"class":75},[61,1808,1809,1811,1813,1815,1817,1819,1822,1825,1828,1831],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,1810,130],{"class":129},[61,1812,109],{"class":75},[61,1814,1781],{"class":129},[61,1816,109],{"class":75},[61,1818,1786],{"class":71},[61,1820,1821],{"class":79},"2",[61,1823,1824],{"class":71},"+",[61,1826,1827],{"class":79},"3",[61,1829,1830],{"class":186},"j",[61,1832,154],{"class":75},[14,1834,157],{},[52,1836,1838],{"className":54,"code":1837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[18,1839,1840,1845,1850],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1841,1842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1843,1844],{"class":79},"7\n",[61,1846,1847],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1848,1849],{"class":79},"3.5\n",[61,1851,1852],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,1853,1854],{"class":79},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,1856,204,1857,1859],{},[18,1858,1747],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[47,1861,1863],{"id":1862},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,1865,1866,1868],{},[18,1867,1747],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1870,1871],{},"That means:",[26,1873,1874,1877,1880],{},[29,1875,1876],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[29,1878,1879],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[29,1881,1882,1884,1885],{},[18,1883,675],{}," stays ",[18,1886,675],{},[14,1888,1889],{},"Examples:",[26,1891,1892,1900,1908],{},[29,1893,1894,1897,1898],{},[18,1895,1896],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[18,1899,645],{},[29,1901,1902,1897,1905],{},[18,1903,1904],{},"abs(9)",[18,1906,1907],{},"9",[29,1909,1910,1897,1913],{},[18,1911,1912],{},"abs(0)",[18,1914,675],{},[14,1916,1917],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[47,1919,248],{"id":247},[14,1921,1922],{},"The syntax is:",[52,1924,1926],{"className":54,"code":1925,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"abs(x)\n",[18,1927,1928],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1929,1930,1932,1934,1937],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1931,1781],{"class":129},[61,1933,109],{"class":75},[61,1935,1936],{"class":112},"x",[61,1938,116],{"class":75},[14,1940,1941],{},"Here:",[26,1943,1944,1960,1965],{},[29,1945,1946,1948,1949,1951,1952,1955,1956,1959],{},[18,1947,1936],{}," is usually an ",[18,1950,1279],{},", ",[18,1953,1954],{},"float",", or ",[18,1957,1958],{},"complex"," number",[29,1961,1962,1964],{},[18,1963,1747],{}," returns a new value",[29,1966,1967],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,1969,1109],{},[52,1971,1973],{"className":54,"code":1972,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[18,1974,1975,1988,2004,2008,2018],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1976,1977,1980,1982,1985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1978,1979],{"class":67},"number ",[61,1981,72],{"class":71},[61,1983,1984],{"class":71}," -",[61,1986,1987],{"class":79},"12\n",[61,1989,1990,1992,1994,1997,1999,2002],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,1991,100],{"class":67},[61,1993,72],{"class":71},[61,1995,1996],{"class":129}," abs",[61,1998,109],{"class":75},[61,2000,2001],{"class":112},"number",[61,2003,116],{"class":75},[61,2005,2006],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,2007,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,2009,2010,2012,2014,2016],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,2011,130],{"class":129},[61,2013,109],{"class":75},[61,2015,2001],{"class":112},[61,2017,116],{"class":75},[61,2019,2020,2022,2024,2026],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,2021,130],{"class":129},[61,2023,109],{"class":75},[61,2025,135],{"class":112},[61,2027,116],{"class":75},[14,2029,157],{},[52,2031,2033],{"className":54,"code":2032,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-12\n12\n",[18,2034,2035,2041],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2036,2037,2039],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2038,1786],{"class":71},[61,2040,1987],{"class":79},[61,2042,2043],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2044,1987],{"class":79},[14,2046,2047,2048,2050,2051,2054],{},"Notice that ",[18,2049,2001],{}," is still ",[18,2052,2053],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2056,2057,2058,2065],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[235,2059,2061,2064],{"href":2060},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[18,2062,2063],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[47,2067,2069],{"id":2068},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2071,2072],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[52,2074,2076],{"className":54,"code":2075,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[18,2077,2078,2094,2109],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2079,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088,2090,2092],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2081,130],{"class":129},[61,2083,109],{"class":75},[61,2085,1781],{"class":129},[61,2087,109],{"class":75},[61,2089,1786],{"class":71},[61,2091,430],{"class":79},[61,2093,154],{"class":75},[61,2095,2096,2098,2100,2102,2104,2107],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2097,130],{"class":129},[61,2099,109],{"class":75},[61,2101,1781],{"class":129},[61,2103,109],{"class":75},[61,2105,2106],{"class":79},"8",[61,2108,154],{"class":75},[61,2110,2111,2113,2115,2117,2119,2121,2124],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,2112,130],{"class":129},[61,2114,109],{"class":75},[61,2116,1781],{"class":129},[61,2118,109],{"class":75},[61,2120,1786],{"class":71},[61,2122,2123],{"class":79},"4.2",[61,2125,154],{"class":75},[14,2127,157],{},[52,2129,2131],{"className":54,"code":2130,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[18,2132,2133,2138,2143],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2134,2135],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2136,2137],{"class":79},"10\n",[61,2139,2140],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2141,2142],{"class":79},"8\n",[61,2144,2145],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,2146,2147],{"class":79},"4.2\n",[14,2149,2150],{},"What each line does:",[26,2152,2153,2161,2168],{},[29,2154,2155,2158,2159],{},[18,2156,2157],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[18,2160,430],{},[29,2162,2163,2158,2166],{},[18,2164,2165],{},"abs(8)",[18,2167,2106],{},[29,2169,2170,2158,2173],{},[18,2171,2172],{},"abs(-4.2)",[18,2174,2123],{},[14,2176,2177,2178,244],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[235,2179,2181],{"href":2180},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[47,2183,2185],{"id":2184},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2187,2188,2190],{},[18,2189,1747],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2192,2193,2194,2196],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[18,2195,675],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2198,1109],{},[52,2200,2202],{"className":54,"code":2201,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[18,2203,2204,2220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2205,2206,2208,2210,2212,2215,2217],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2207,1580],{"class":67},[61,2209,72],{"class":71},[61,2211,91],{"class":79},[61,2213,2214],{"class":71}," +",[61,2216,693],{"class":79},[61,2218,2219],{"class":186},"j\n",[61,2221,2222,2224,2226,2228,2230,2232],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2223,130],{"class":129},[61,2225,109],{"class":75},[61,2227,1781],{"class":129},[61,2229,109],{"class":75},[61,2231,1605],{"class":112},[61,2233,154],{"class":75},[14,2235,157],{},[52,2237,2239],{"className":54,"code":2238,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.0\n",[18,2240,2241],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2242,2243],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2244,2238],{"class":79},[14,2246,2247,2248,2251],{},"Why ",[18,2249,2250],{},"5.0","?",[26,2253,2254,2259,2264],{},[29,2255,2256,2257],{},"the real part is ",[18,2258,1827],{},[29,2260,2261,2262],{},"the imaginary part is ",[18,2263,1129],{},[29,2265,2266,2267],{},"the magnitude is ",[18,2268,2250],{},[14,2270,2271],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[26,2273,2274,2281],{},[29,2275,2276,2278,2279],{},[18,2277,1747],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[18,2280,1954],{},[29,2282,2283],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[47,2285,2287],{"id":2286},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2289,2290,2291,244],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[18,2292,1747],{},[408,2294,2296],{"id":2295},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2298,2299],{},"A very common pattern is:",[52,2301,2303],{"className":54,"code":2302,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"abs(a - b)\n",[18,2304,2305],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2306,2307,2309,2311,2314,2316,2319],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2308,1781],{"class":129},[61,2310,109],{"class":75},[61,2312,2313],{"class":112},"a ",[61,2315,1786],{"class":71},[61,2317,2318],{"class":112}," b",[61,2320,116],{"class":75},[14,2322,1109],{},[52,2324,2326],{"className":54,"code":2325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[18,2327,2328,2337,2347,2351,2370],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2329,2330,2332,2334],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2331,2313],{"class":67},[61,2333,72],{"class":71},[61,2335,2336],{"class":79}," 3\n",[61,2338,2339,2342,2344],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2340,2341],{"class":67},"b ",[61,2343,72],{"class":71},[61,2345,2346],{"class":79}," 10\n",[61,2348,2349],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,2350,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,2352,2353,2356,2358,2360,2362,2364,2366,2368],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,2354,2355],{"class":67},"distance ",[61,2357,72],{"class":71},[61,2359,1996],{"class":129},[61,2361,109],{"class":75},[61,2363,2313],{"class":112},[61,2365,1786],{"class":71},[61,2367,2318],{"class":112},[61,2369,116],{"class":75},[61,2371,2372,2374,2376,2379],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,2373,130],{"class":129},[61,2375,109],{"class":75},[61,2377,2378],{"class":112},"distance",[61,2380,116],{"class":75},[14,2382,157],{},[52,2384,2385],{"className":54,"code":1844,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,2386,2387],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2388,2389],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2390,1844],{"class":79},[14,2392,2393],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[408,2395,2397],{"id":2396},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[52,2399,2401],{"className":54,"code":2400,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[18,2402,2403,2415],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2404,2405,2408,2410,2412],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2406,2407],{"class":67},"temperature_change ",[61,2409,72],{"class":71},[61,2411,1984],{"class":71},[61,2413,2414],{"class":79},"6\n",[61,2416,2417,2419,2421,2423,2425,2428],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2418,130],{"class":129},[61,2420,109],{"class":75},[61,2422,1781],{"class":129},[61,2424,109],{"class":75},[61,2426,2427],{"class":112},"temperature_change",[61,2429,154],{"class":75},[14,2431,157],{},[52,2433,2434],{"className":54,"code":2414,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,2435,2436],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2437,2438],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2439,2414],{"class":79},[14,2441,2442],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[408,2444,2446],{"id":2445},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2448,2449,2450,2065],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[18,2451,1747],{},[52,2453,2455],{"className":54,"code":2454,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[18,2456,2457,2469,2485,2489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2458,2459,2462,2464,2466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2460,2461],{"class":67},"balance_change ",[61,2463,72],{"class":71},[61,2465,1984],{"class":71},[61,2467,2468],{"class":79},"25\n",[61,2470,2471,2474,2476,2478,2480,2483],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2472,2473],{"class":67},"safe_value ",[61,2475,72],{"class":71},[61,2477,1996],{"class":129},[61,2479,109],{"class":75},[61,2481,2482],{"class":112},"balance_change",[61,2484,116],{"class":75},[61,2486,2487],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,2488,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,2490,2491,2493,2495,2498],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,2492,130],{"class":129},[61,2494,109],{"class":75},[61,2496,2497],{"class":112},"safe_value",[61,2499,116],{"class":75},[14,2501,157],{},[52,2503,2504],{"className":54,"code":2468,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,2505,2506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2507,2508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2509,2468],{"class":79},[408,2511,2513],{"id":2512},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[52,2515,2517],{"className":54,"code":2516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[18,2518,2519,2529,2539,2543,2563],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2520,2521,2524,2526],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2522,2523],{"class":67},"guess ",[61,2525,72],{"class":71},[61,2527,2528],{"class":79}," 42\n",[61,2530,2531,2534,2536],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2532,2533],{"class":67},"target ",[61,2535,72],{"class":71},[61,2537,2538],{"class":79}," 50\n",[61,2540,2541],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,2542,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,2544,2545,2548,2550,2552,2554,2556,2558,2561],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,2546,2547],{"class":67},"difference ",[61,2549,72],{"class":71},[61,2551,1996],{"class":129},[61,2553,109],{"class":75},[61,2555,2523],{"class":112},[61,2557,1786],{"class":71},[61,2559,2560],{"class":112}," target",[61,2562,116],{"class":75},[61,2564,2565,2567,2569,2572],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,2566,130],{"class":129},[61,2568,109],{"class":75},[61,2570,2571],{"class":112},"difference",[61,2573,116],{"class":75},[14,2575,157],{},[52,2577,2578],{"className":54,"code":2142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,2579,2580],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2581,2582],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2583,2142],{"class":79},[14,2585,2586],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[47,2588,2590],{"id":2589},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[408,2592,2594],{"id":2593},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,2596,1245],{},[52,2598,2600],{"className":54,"code":2599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[18,2601,2602],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2603,2604,2606,2608,2610,2612,2614,2616,2618],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2605,130],{"class":129},[61,2607,109],{"class":75},[61,2609,1781],{"class":129},[61,2611,109],{"class":75},[61,2613,816],{"class":190},[61,2615,645],{"class":194},[61,2617,816],{"class":190},[61,2619,154],{"class":75},[14,2621,2622,2625,2626,2628],{},[18,2623,2624],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[18,2627,1747],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,2630,2631,2632,2638,2639,824],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[235,2633,2635],{"href":2634},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[18,2636,2637],{},"int()"," or ",[235,2640,2642],{"href":2641},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[18,2643,2644],{},"float()",[52,2646,2648],{"className":54,"code":2647,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[18,2649,2650,2673],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2651,2652,2654,2656,2658,2660,2662,2664,2666,2668,2670],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2653,130],{"class":129},[61,2655,109],{"class":75},[61,2657,1781],{"class":129},[61,2659,109],{"class":75},[61,2661,1279],{"class":105},[61,2663,109],{"class":75},[61,2665,816],{"class":190},[61,2667,645],{"class":194},[61,2669,816],{"class":190},[61,2671,2672],{"class":75},")))\n",[61,2674,2675,2677,2679,2681,2683,2685,2687,2689,2692,2694],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2676,130],{"class":129},[61,2678,109],{"class":75},[61,2680,1781],{"class":129},[61,2682,109],{"class":75},[61,2684,1954],{"class":105},[61,2686,109],{"class":75},[61,2688,816],{"class":190},[61,2690,2691],{"class":194},"-3.2",[61,2693,816],{"class":190},[61,2695,2672],{"class":75},[14,2697,157],{},[52,2699,2701],{"className":54,"code":2700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n3.2\n",[18,2702,2703,2708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2704,2705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2706,2707],{"class":79},"5\n",[61,2709,2710],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2711,2712],{"class":79},"3.2\n",[14,2714,2715,2716,2719,2720,244],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[18,2717,2718],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[235,2721,2723],{"href":2722},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[408,2725,2727],{"id":2726},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,2729,2730],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[52,2732,2734],{"className":54,"code":2733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,2735,2736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2737,2738,2740,2742,2744,2746,2748,2750,2752,2754,2756],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2739,130],{"class":129},[61,2741,109],{"class":75},[61,2743,1781],{"class":129},[61,2745,1126],{"class":75},[61,2747,80],{"class":79},[61,2749,83],{"class":75},[61,2751,86],{"class":79},[61,2753,83],{"class":75},[61,2755,91],{"class":79},[61,2757,2758],{"class":75},"]))\n",[14,2760,2761,2762,2764],{},"This raises a ",[18,2763,1272],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[408,2766,2768],{"id":2767},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,2770,2771,2773],{},[18,2772,1747],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[52,2775,2777],{"className":54,"code":2776,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,2778,2779,2791,2801,2805],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2780,2781,2784,2786,2788],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2782,2783],{"class":67},"x ",[61,2785,72],{"class":71},[61,2787,1984],{"class":71},[61,2789,2790],{"class":79},"9\n",[61,2792,2793,2795,2797,2799],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2794,1781],{"class":129},[61,2796,109],{"class":75},[61,2798,1936],{"class":112},[61,2800,116],{"class":75},[61,2802,2803],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,2804,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,2806,2807,2809,2811,2813],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,2808,130],{"class":129},[61,2810,109],{"class":75},[61,2812,1936],{"class":112},[61,2814,116],{"class":75},[14,2816,157],{},[52,2818,2820],{"className":54,"code":2819,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-9\n",[18,2821,2822],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2823,2824,2826],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2825,1786],{"class":71},[61,2827,2790],{"class":79},[14,2829,2830],{},"If you want to store the result:",[52,2832,2834],{"className":54,"code":2833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,2835,2836,2846,2860,2864],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2837,2838,2840,2842,2844],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2839,2783],{"class":67},[61,2841,72],{"class":71},[61,2843,1984],{"class":71},[61,2845,2790],{"class":79},[61,2847,2848,2850,2852,2854,2856,2858],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2849,2783],{"class":67},[61,2851,72],{"class":71},[61,2853,1996],{"class":129},[61,2855,109],{"class":75},[61,2857,1936],{"class":112},[61,2859,116],{"class":75},[61,2861,2862],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,2863,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,2865,2866,2868,2870,2872],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,2867,130],{"class":129},[61,2869,109],{"class":75},[61,2871,1936],{"class":112},[61,2873,116],{"class":75},[14,2875,157],{},[52,2877,2878],{"className":54,"code":2790,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,2879,2880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2881,2882],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2883,2790],{"class":79},[408,2885,2887],{"id":2886},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,2889,2890,2892],{},[18,2891,1747],{}," does not round numbers.",[52,2894,2896],{"className":54,"code":2895,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[18,2897,2898],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2899,2900,2902,2904,2906,2908,2910,2913],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2901,130],{"class":129},[61,2903,109],{"class":75},[61,2905,1781],{"class":129},[61,2907,109],{"class":75},[61,2909,1786],{"class":71},[61,2911,2912],{"class":79},"4.7",[61,2914,154],{"class":75},[14,2916,157],{},[52,2918,2920],{"className":54,"code":2919,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4.7\n",[18,2921,2922],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2923,2924],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2925,2919],{"class":79},[14,2927,2928,2929,2931,2932,2934],{},"If you expected ",[18,2930,645],{},", that is a different operation. ",[18,2933,1747],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[47,2936,2938],{"id":2937},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,2940,2941,2943],{},[18,2942,1747],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[26,2945,2946,2953,2960],{},[29,2947,2948,2950,2951],{},[18,2949,1279],{}," input → returns an ",[18,2952,1279],{},[29,2954,2955,2957,2958],{},[18,2956,1954],{}," input → returns a ",[18,2959,1954],{},[29,2961,2962,2957,2964],{},[18,2963,1958],{},[18,2965,1954],{},[14,2967,1109],{},[52,2969,2971],{"className":54,"code":2970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[18,2972,2973,2993,3014],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2974,2975,2977,2979,2981,2983,2985,2987,2989,2991],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2976,130],{"class":129},[61,2978,109],{"class":75},[61,2980,147],{"class":105},[61,2982,109],{"class":75},[61,2984,1781],{"class":129},[61,2986,109],{"class":75},[61,2988,1786],{"class":71},[61,2990,645],{"class":79},[61,2992,2672],{"class":75},[61,2994,2995,2997,2999,3001,3003,3005,3007,3009,3012],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,2996,130],{"class":129},[61,2998,109],{"class":75},[61,3000,147],{"class":105},[61,3002,109],{"class":75},[61,3004,1781],{"class":129},[61,3006,109],{"class":75},[61,3008,1786],{"class":71},[61,3010,3011],{"class":79},"3.2",[61,3013,2672],{"class":75},[61,3015,3016,3018,3020,3022,3024,3026,3028,3030,3032,3034,3036],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,3017,130],{"class":129},[61,3019,109],{"class":75},[61,3021,147],{"class":105},[61,3023,109],{"class":75},[61,3025,1781],{"class":129},[61,3027,109],{"class":75},[61,3029,1827],{"class":79},[61,3031,2214],{"class":71},[61,3033,693],{"class":79},[61,3035,1830],{"class":186},[61,3037,2672],{"class":75},[14,3039,157],{},[52,3041,3043],{"className":54,"code":3042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,3044,3045,3059,3073],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3046,3047,3049,3051,3053,3055,3057],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3048,183],{"class":71},[61,3050,187],{"class":186},[61,3052,191],{"class":190},[61,3054,1279],{"class":194},[61,3056,198],{"class":190},[61,3058,201],{"class":71},[61,3060,3061,3063,3065,3067,3069,3071],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3062,183],{"class":71},[61,3064,187],{"class":186},[61,3066,191],{"class":190},[61,3068,1954],{"class":194},[61,3070,198],{"class":190},[61,3072,201],{"class":71},[61,3074,3075,3077,3079,3081,3083,3085],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,3076,183],{"class":71},[61,3078,187],{"class":186},[61,3080,191],{"class":190},[61,3082,1954],{"class":194},[61,3084,198],{"class":190},[61,3086,201],{"class":71},[14,3088,3089],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3091,3092],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3094,3095],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[52,3097,3099],{"className":54,"code":3098,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[18,3100,3101,3114,3124,3138,3142,3156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3102,3103,3105,3107,3109,3112],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3104,1580],{"class":67},[61,3106,72],{"class":71},[61,3108,522],{"class":190},[61,3110,3111],{"class":194},"-5",[61,3113,528],{"class":190},[61,3115,3116,3118,3120,3122],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3117,130],{"class":129},[61,3119,109],{"class":75},[61,3121,1605],{"class":112},[61,3123,116],{"class":75},[61,3125,3126,3128,3130,3132,3134,3136],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,3127,130],{"class":129},[61,3129,109],{"class":75},[61,3131,147],{"class":105},[61,3133,109],{"class":75},[61,3135,1605],{"class":112},[61,3137,154],{"class":75},[61,3139,3140],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,3141,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,3143,3144,3147,3149,3151,3154],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,3145,3146],{"class":67},"user_input ",[61,3148,72],{"class":71},[61,3150,522],{"class":190},[61,3152,3153],{"class":194},"-3.7",[61,3155,528],{"class":190},[61,3157,3159,3161,3163,3165,3167,3169,3171,3174],{"class":63,"line":3158},6,[61,3160,130],{"class":129},[61,3162,109],{"class":75},[61,3164,1781],{"class":129},[61,3166,109],{"class":75},[61,3168,1954],{"class":105},[61,3170,109],{"class":75},[61,3172,3173],{"class":112},"user_input",[61,3175,2672],{"class":75},[14,3177,157],{},[52,3179,3181],{"className":54,"code":3180,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[18,3182,3183,3189,3204],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3184,3185,3187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3186,1786],{"class":71},[61,3188,2707],{"class":79},[61,3190,3191,3193,3195,3197,3200,3202],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3192,183],{"class":71},[61,3194,187],{"class":186},[61,3196,191],{"class":190},[61,3198,3199],{"class":194},"str",[61,3201,198],{"class":190},[61,3203,201],{"class":71},[61,3205,3206],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,3207,3208],{"class":79},"3.7\n",[47,3210,1620],{"id":1619},[408,3212,3214],{"id":3213},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3216,3217],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[408,3219,3221],{"id":3220},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3223,3224],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[408,3226,3228],{"id":3227},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3230,3231],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[408,3233,3235],{"id":3234},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3237,3238,3240,3241,2638,3243,3245,3246,244],{},[18,3239,2718],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[18,3242,2637],{},[18,3244,2644],{}," before using ",[18,3247,1747],{},[408,3249,3251],{"id":3250},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3253,3254],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[47,3256,1664],{"id":1663},[26,3258,3259,3266,3272,3278,3283],{},[29,3260,3261],{},[235,3262,3263,3265],{"href":2634},[18,3264,2637],{}," function explained",[29,3267,3268],{},[235,3269,3270,3265],{"href":2641},[18,3271,2644],{},[29,3273,3274],{},[235,3275,3276,3265],{"href":2060},[18,3277,2063],{},[29,3279,3280],{},[235,3281,3282],{"href":2722},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[29,3284,3285],{},[235,3286,2181],{"href":2180},[1693,3288,3289],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":3291},[3292,3293,3294,3295,3296,3297,3303,3309,3310,3317],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":1862,"depth":97,"text":1863},{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":2068,"depth":97,"text":2069},{"id":2184,"depth":97,"text":2185},{"id":2286,"depth":97,"text":2287,"children":3298},[3299,3300,3301,3302],{"id":2295,"depth":119,"text":2296},{"id":2396,"depth":119,"text":2397},{"id":2445,"depth":119,"text":2446},{"id":2512,"depth":119,"text":2513},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":3304},[3305,3306,3307,3308],{"id":2593,"depth":119,"text":2594},{"id":2726,"depth":119,"text":2727},{"id":2767,"depth":119,"text":2768},{"id":2886,"depth":119,"text":2887},{"id":2937,"depth":97,"text":2938},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":3311},[3312,3313,3314,3315,3316],{"id":3213,"depth":119,"text":3214},{"id":3220,"depth":119,"text":3221},{"id":3227,"depth":119,"text":3228},{"id":3234,"depth":119,"text":3235},{"id":3250,"depth":119,"text":3251},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1736,"description":3318},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3325,"title":3326,"body":3327,"description":5035,"extension":1727,"meta":5036,"navigation":122,"path":5037,"seo":5038,"stem":5039,"__hash__":5040},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3328,"toc":4999},[3329,3337,3343,3346,3363,3367,3422,3432,3439,3443,3462,3465,3481,3484,3488,3496,3513,3516,3556,3559,3566,3572,3647,3649,3681,3687,3691,3695,3734,3736,3745,3752,3756,3795,3797,3806,3816,3820,3876,3878,3886,3889,3892,3939,3941,3949,3955,3962,3967,3970,3973,4040,4042,4050,4053,4120,4122,4130,4144,4147,4159,4163,4169,4172,4174,4190,4192,4200,4203,4206,4209,4226,4229,4232,4262,4264,4277,4281,4285,4288,4303,4308,4311,4338,4345,4348,4388,4394,4400,4408,4411,4463,4470,4534,4539,4548,4551,4569,4575,4578,4720,4726,4731,4734,4745,4748,4804,4806,4814,4817,4876,4878,4886,4889,4900,4902,4909,4918,4927,4930,4937,4940,4949,4962,4964,4996],[10,3330,3332,3333,3336],{"id":3331},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[18,3334,3335],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3338,3339,3340,3342],{},"Python’s ",[18,3341,3335],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3344,3345],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[26,3347,3348,3351,3354],{},[29,3349,3350],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[29,3352,3353],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[29,3355,3356,2158,3359,3362],{},[18,3357,3358],{},"all([])",[18,3360,3361],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[47,3364,3366],{"id":3365},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[52,3368,3370],{"className":54,"code":3369,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[18,3371,3372,3392,3407],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3373,3374,3376,3378,3380,3382,3384,3386,3388,3390],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3375,68],{"class":67},[61,3377,72],{"class":71},[61,3379,76],{"class":75},[61,3381,80],{"class":79},[61,3383,83],{"class":75},[61,3385,86],{"class":79},[61,3387,83],{"class":75},[61,3389,91],{"class":79},[61,3391,94],{"class":75},[61,3393,3394,3396,3398,3401,3403,3405],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3395,100],{"class":67},[61,3397,72],{"class":71},[61,3399,3400],{"class":129}," all",[61,3402,109],{"class":75},[61,3404,113],{"class":112},[61,3406,116],{"class":75},[61,3408,3409,3411,3413,3415,3418],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,3410,130],{"class":129},[61,3412,109],{"class":75},[61,3414,135],{"class":112},[61,3416,3417],{"class":75},")",[61,3419,3421],{"class":3420},"sutJx","  # True\n",[14,3423,3424,2158,3426,3428,3429,244],{},[18,3425,3335],{},[18,3427,3361],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[18,3430,3431],{},"False",[47,3433,3435,3436,3438],{"id":3434},"what-all-does","What ",[18,3437,3335],{}," does",[14,3440,3441,824],{},[18,3442,3335],{},[26,3444,3445,3448,3454,3459],{},[29,3446,3447],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[29,3449,3450,3451,3453],{},"returns ",[18,3452,3361],{}," if all items are truthy",[29,3455,3450,3456,3458],{},[18,3457,3431],{}," if any item is falsy",[29,3460,3461],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3463,3464],{},"Basic syntax:",[52,3466,3468],{"className":54,"code":3467,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"all(iterable)\n",[18,3469,3470],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3471,3472,3475,3477,3479],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3473,3474],{"class":129},"all",[61,3476,109],{"class":75},[61,3478,272],{"class":112},[61,3480,116],{"class":75},[14,3482,3483],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[47,3485,3487],{"id":3486},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3489,3490,3491,2638,3493,3495],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[18,3492,3361],{},[18,3494,3431],{}," in conditions.",[26,3497,3498,3506],{},[29,3499,3500,3503,3504],{},[603,3501,3502],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[18,3505,3361],{},[29,3507,3508,3503,3511],{},[603,3509,3510],{},"Falsy",[18,3512,3431],{},[14,3514,3515],{},"Common falsy values include:",[26,3517,3518,3522,3527,3532,3537,3541,3546,3551],{},[29,3519,3520],{},[18,3521,675],{},[29,3523,3524],{},[18,3525,3526],{},"0.0",[29,3528,3529],{},[18,3530,3531],{},"''",[29,3533,3534],{},[18,3535,3536],{},"None",[29,3538,3539],{},[18,3540,3431],{},[29,3542,3543],{},[18,3544,3545],{},"[]",[29,3547,3548],{},[18,3549,3550],{},"{}",[29,3552,3553],{},[18,3554,3555],{},"set()",[14,3557,3558],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,3560,3561,3562,244],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[235,3563,3565],{"href":3564},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,3567,3568,3569,824],{},"You can test this with ",[18,3570,3571],{},"bool()",[52,3573,3575],{"className":54,"code":3574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[18,3576,3577,3613,3617],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3578,3579,3581,3583,3585,3587,3589,3592,3594,3597,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607,3611],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3580,712],{"class":67},[61,3582,72],{"class":71},[61,3584,76],{"class":75},[61,3586,80],{"class":79},[61,3588,83],{"class":75},[61,3590,3591],{"class":79}," 0",[61,3593,83],{"class":75},[61,3595,3596],{"class":190}," ''",[61,3598,83],{"class":75},[61,3600,191],{"class":190},[61,3602,1323],{"class":194},[61,3604,198],{"class":190},[61,3606,83],{"class":75},[61,3608,3610],{"class":3609},"s39Yj"," None",[61,3612,94],{"class":75},[61,3614,3615],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3616,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,3618,3619,3621,3623,3626,3628,3630,3632,3636,3639,3642,3645],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,3620,130],{"class":129},[61,3622,1126],{"class":75},[61,3624,3625],{"class":105},"bool",[61,3627,109],{"class":75},[61,3629,1936],{"class":112},[61,3631,3417],{"class":75},[61,3633,3635],{"class":3634},"sVHd0"," for",[61,3637,3638],{"class":112}," x ",[61,3640,3641],{"class":3634},"in",[61,3643,3644],{"class":112}," values",[61,3646,1137],{"class":75},[14,3648,157],{},[52,3650,3652],{"className":54,"code":3651,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[18,3653,3654],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3655,3656,3659,3661,3663,3666,3668,3670,3672,3675,3677,3679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3657,3658],{"class":75},"[",[61,3660,3361],{"class":3609},[61,3662,83],{"class":75},[61,3664,3665],{"class":3609}," False",[61,3667,83],{"class":75},[61,3669,3665],{"class":3609},[61,3671,83],{"class":75},[61,3673,3674],{"class":3609}," True",[61,3676,83],{"class":75},[61,3678,3665],{"class":3609},[61,3680,94],{"class":75},[14,3682,3683,3684,3686],{},"This matters because ",[18,3685,3335],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[47,3688,3690],{"id":3689},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[408,3692,3694],{"id":3693},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[52,3696,3698],{"className":54,"code":3697,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,3699,3700,3720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3701,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3712,3714,3716,3718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3703,68],{"class":67},[61,3705,72],{"class":71},[61,3707,76],{"class":75},[61,3709,80],{"class":79},[61,3711,83],{"class":75},[61,3713,86],{"class":79},[61,3715,83],{"class":75},[61,3717,91],{"class":79},[61,3719,94],{"class":75},[61,3721,3722,3724,3726,3728,3730,3732],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3723,130],{"class":129},[61,3725,109],{"class":75},[61,3727,3474],{"class":129},[61,3729,109],{"class":75},[61,3731,113],{"class":112},[61,3733,154],{"class":75},[14,3735,157],{},[52,3737,3739],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\n",[18,3740,3741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3742,3743],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3744,3738],{"class":3609},[14,3746,3747,3748,2158,3750,244],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[18,3749,3335],{},[18,3751,3361],{},[408,3753,3755],{"id":3754},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[52,3757,3759],{"className":54,"code":3758,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,3760,3761,3781],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3762,3763,3765,3767,3769,3771,3773,3775,3777,3779],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3764,68],{"class":67},[61,3766,72],{"class":71},[61,3768,76],{"class":75},[61,3770,80],{"class":79},[61,3772,83],{"class":75},[61,3774,3591],{"class":79},[61,3776,83],{"class":75},[61,3778,91],{"class":79},[61,3780,94],{"class":75},[61,3782,3783,3785,3787,3789,3791,3793],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3784,130],{"class":129},[61,3786,109],{"class":75},[61,3788,3474],{"class":129},[61,3790,109],{"class":75},[61,3792,113],{"class":112},[61,3794,154],{"class":75},[14,3796,157],{},[52,3798,3800],{"className":54,"code":3799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\n",[18,3801,3802],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3803,3804],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3805,3799],{"class":3609},[14,3807,3808,3809,3811,3812,2158,3814,244],{},"The value ",[18,3810,675],{}," is falsy, so ",[18,3813,3335],{},[18,3815,3431],{},[408,3817,3819],{"id":3818},"example-strings","Example: strings",[52,3821,3823],{"className":54,"code":3822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,3824,3825,3861],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3826,3827,3830,3832,3834,3836,3839,3841,3843,3845,3848,3850,3852,3854,3857,3859],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3828,3829],{"class":67},"words ",[61,3831,72],{"class":71},[61,3833,76],{"class":75},[61,3835,198],{"class":190},[61,3837,3838],{"class":194},"apple",[61,3840,198],{"class":190},[61,3842,83],{"class":75},[61,3844,191],{"class":190},[61,3846,3847],{"class":194},"banana",[61,3849,198],{"class":190},[61,3851,83],{"class":75},[61,3853,191],{"class":190},[61,3855,3856],{"class":194},"cherry",[61,3858,198],{"class":190},[61,3860,94],{"class":75},[61,3862,3863,3865,3867,3869,3871,3874],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3864,130],{"class":129},[61,3866,109],{"class":75},[61,3868,3474],{"class":129},[61,3870,109],{"class":75},[61,3872,3873],{"class":112},"words",[61,3875,154],{"class":75},[14,3877,157],{},[52,3879,3880],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,3881,3882],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3883,3884],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3885,3738],{"class":3609},[14,3887,3888],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,3890,3891],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[52,3893,3895],{"className":54,"code":3894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,3896,3897,3925],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3898,3899,3901,3903,3905,3907,3909,3911,3913,3915,3917,3919,3921,3923],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3900,3829],{"class":67},[61,3902,72],{"class":71},[61,3904,76],{"class":75},[61,3906,198],{"class":190},[61,3908,3838],{"class":194},[61,3910,198],{"class":190},[61,3912,83],{"class":75},[61,3914,3596],{"class":190},[61,3916,83],{"class":75},[61,3918,191],{"class":190},[61,3920,3856],{"class":194},[61,3922,198],{"class":190},[61,3924,94],{"class":75},[61,3926,3927,3929,3931,3933,3935,3937],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,3928,130],{"class":129},[61,3930,109],{"class":75},[61,3932,3474],{"class":129},[61,3934,109],{"class":75},[61,3936,3873],{"class":112},[61,3938,154],{"class":75},[14,3940,157],{},[52,3942,3943],{"className":54,"code":3799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,3944,3945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3946,3947],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3948,3799],{"class":3609},[14,3950,3951,3952,3954],{},"The empty string ",[18,3953,3531],{}," is falsy.",[47,3956,3958,3959,3961],{"id":3957},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[18,3960,3335],{}," works with conditions",[14,3963,3964,3966],{},[18,3965,3335],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,3968,3969],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,3971,3972],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[52,3974,3976],{"className":54,"code":3975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,3977,3978,3998,4026,4030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3979,3980,3982,3984,3986,3988,3990,3992,3994,3996],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3981,68],{"class":67},[61,3983,72],{"class":71},[61,3985,76],{"class":75},[61,3987,80],{"class":79},[61,3989,83],{"class":75},[61,3991,86],{"class":79},[61,3993,83],{"class":75},[61,3995,91],{"class":79},[61,3997,94],{"class":75},[61,3999,4000,4002,4004,4006,4008,4010,4013,4015,4017,4019,4021,4024],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4001,100],{"class":67},[61,4003,72],{"class":71},[61,4005,3400],{"class":129},[61,4007,109],{"class":75},[61,4009,2783],{"class":112},[61,4011,4012],{"class":71},">",[61,4014,3591],{"class":79},[61,4016,3635],{"class":3634},[61,4018,3638],{"class":112},[61,4020,3641],{"class":3634},[61,4022,4023],{"class":112}," numbers",[61,4025,116],{"class":75},[61,4027,4028],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,4029,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,4031,4032,4034,4036,4038],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,4033,130],{"class":129},[61,4035,109],{"class":75},[61,4037,135],{"class":112},[61,4039,116],{"class":75},[14,4041,157],{},[52,4043,4044],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4045,4046],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4047,4048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4049,3738],{"class":3609},[14,4051,4052],{},"Here is one that fails:",[52,4054,4056],{"className":54,"code":4055,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4057,4058,4080,4106,4110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4059,4060,4062,4064,4066,4068,4070,4072,4074,4076,4078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4061,68],{"class":67},[61,4063,72],{"class":71},[61,4065,76],{"class":75},[61,4067,80],{"class":79},[61,4069,83],{"class":75},[61,4071,1984],{"class":71},[61,4073,1821],{"class":79},[61,4075,83],{"class":75},[61,4077,91],{"class":79},[61,4079,94],{"class":75},[61,4081,4082,4084,4086,4088,4090,4092,4094,4096,4098,4100,4102,4104],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4083,100],{"class":67},[61,4085,72],{"class":71},[61,4087,3400],{"class":129},[61,4089,109],{"class":75},[61,4091,2783],{"class":112},[61,4093,4012],{"class":71},[61,4095,3591],{"class":79},[61,4097,3635],{"class":3634},[61,4099,3638],{"class":112},[61,4101,3641],{"class":3634},[61,4103,4023],{"class":112},[61,4105,116],{"class":75},[61,4107,4108],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,4109,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,4111,4112,4114,4116,4118],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,4113,130],{"class":129},[61,4115,109],{"class":75},[61,4117,135],{"class":112},[61,4119,116],{"class":75},[14,4121,157],{},[52,4123,4124],{"className":54,"code":3799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4125,4126],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4127,4128],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4129,3799],{"class":3609},[14,4131,4132,4133,4136,4137,4139,4140,2158,4142,244],{},"The expression ",[18,4134,4135],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[18,4138,3361],{},", then ",[18,4141,3335],{},[18,4143,3361],{},[14,4145,4146],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4148,4149,4150,4154,4155,244],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[235,4151,4153],{"href":4152},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[235,4156,4158],{"href":4157},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[47,4160,4162],{"id":4161},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4164,4165,2158,4167,244],{},[18,4166,3358],{},[18,4168,3361],{},[14,4170,4171],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4173,1109],{},[52,4175,4177],{"className":54,"code":4176,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([]))\n",[18,4178,4179],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4180,4181,4183,4185,4187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4182,130],{"class":129},[61,4184,109],{"class":75},[61,4186,3474],{"class":129},[61,4188,4189],{"class":75},"([]))\n",[14,4191,157],{},[52,4193,4194],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4195,4196],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4197,4198],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4199,3738],{"class":3609},[14,4201,4202],{},"Why?",[14,4204,4205],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4207,4208],{},"Think of it this way:",[26,4210,4211,4218,4221],{},[29,4212,4213,2158,4215,4217],{},[18,4214,3335],{},[18,4216,3431],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[29,4219,4220],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[29,4222,4223,4224],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[18,4225,3431],{},[14,4227,4228],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4230,4231],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[52,4233,4235],{"className":54,"code":4234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[18,4236,4237,4248],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4238,4239,4241,4243,4245],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4240,130],{"class":129},[61,4242,109],{"class":75},[61,4244,3474],{"class":129},[61,4246,4247],{"class":75},"(()))\n",[61,4249,4250,4252,4254,4256,4258,4260],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4251,130],{"class":129},[61,4253,109],{"class":75},[61,4255,3474],{"class":129},[61,4257,109],{"class":75},[61,4259,3531],{"class":190},[61,4261,154],{"class":75},[14,4263,157],{},[52,4265,4267],{"className":54,"code":4266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\n",[18,4268,4269,4273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4270,4271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4272,3738],{"class":3609},[61,4274,4275],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4276,3738],{"class":3609},[47,4278,4280],{"id":4279},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[408,4282,4284],{"id":4283},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4286,4287],{},"This is wrong:",[52,4289,4291],{"className":54,"code":4290,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[18,4292,4293,4298],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4294,4295],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4296,4297],{"class":3420},"# Wrong\n",[61,4299,4300],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4301,4302],{"class":3420},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4304,4305,4307],{},[18,4306,3335],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4309,4310],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[52,4312,4314],{"className":54,"code":4313,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,4315,4316],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4317,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328,4330,4332,4334,4336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4319,130],{"class":129},[61,4321,109],{"class":75},[61,4323,3474],{"class":129},[61,4325,1126],{"class":75},[61,4327,80],{"class":79},[61,4329,83],{"class":75},[61,4331,86],{"class":79},[61,4333,83],{"class":75},[61,4335,91],{"class":79},[61,4337,2758],{"class":75},[408,4339,4341,4342,4344],{"id":4340},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[18,4343,3335],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4346,4347],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[52,4349,4351],{"className":54,"code":4350,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4352,4353,4374],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4354,4355,4357,4359,4361,4363,4365,4368,4370,4372],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4356,68],{"class":67},[61,4358,72],{"class":71},[61,4360,76],{"class":75},[61,4362,645],{"class":79},[61,4364,83],{"class":75},[61,4366,4367],{"class":79}," 5",[61,4369,83],{"class":75},[61,4371,4367],{"class":79},[61,4373,94],{"class":75},[61,4375,4376,4378,4380,4382,4384,4386],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4377,130],{"class":129},[61,4379,109],{"class":75},[61,4381,3474],{"class":129},[61,4383,109],{"class":75},[61,4385,113],{"class":112},[61,4387,154],{"class":75},[14,4389,4390,4391,4393],{},"This does ",[603,4392,605],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4395,4396,4397,4399],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[18,4398,645],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[52,4401,4402],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4403,4404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4405,4406],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4407,3738],{"class":3609},[14,4409,4410],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[52,4412,4414],{"className":54,"code":4413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[18,4415,4416,4436],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4417,4418,4420,4422,4424,4426,4428,4430,4432,4434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4419,68],{"class":67},[61,4421,72],{"class":71},[61,4423,76],{"class":75},[61,4425,645],{"class":79},[61,4427,83],{"class":75},[61,4429,4367],{"class":79},[61,4431,83],{"class":75},[61,4433,4367],{"class":79},[61,4435,94],{"class":75},[61,4437,4438,4440,4442,4444,4446,4448,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4439,130],{"class":129},[61,4441,109],{"class":75},[61,4443,3474],{"class":129},[61,4445,109],{"class":75},[61,4447,2783],{"class":112},[61,4449,4450],{"class":71},"==",[61,4452,4367],{"class":79},[61,4454,3635],{"class":3634},[61,4456,3638],{"class":112},[61,4458,3641],{"class":3634},[61,4460,4023],{"class":112},[61,4462,154],{"class":75},[408,4464,4466,4467,4469],{"id":4465},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[18,4468,675],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[52,4471,4473],{"className":54,"code":4472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[18,4474,4475,4501],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4476,4477,4479,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4498],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4478,130],{"class":129},[61,4480,109],{"class":75},[61,4482,3474],{"class":129},[61,4484,1126],{"class":75},[61,4486,80],{"class":79},[61,4488,83],{"class":75},[61,4490,86],{"class":79},[61,4492,83],{"class":75},[61,4494,3591],{"class":79},[61,4496,4497],{"class":75},"]))",[61,4499,4500],{"class":3420},"       # False\n",[61,4502,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515,4517,4519,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4504,130],{"class":129},[61,4506,109],{"class":75},[61,4508,3474],{"class":129},[61,4510,1126],{"class":75},[61,4512,198],{"class":190},[61,4514,235],{"class":194},[61,4516,198],{"class":190},[61,4518,83],{"class":75},[61,4520,191],{"class":190},[61,4522,1480],{"class":194},[61,4524,198],{"class":190},[61,4526,83],{"class":75},[61,4528,3596],{"class":190},[61,4530,4497],{"class":75},[61,4532,4533],{"class":3420},"  # False\n",[14,4535,4536,4537,244],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[18,4538,3431],{},[408,4540,4542,4543,4545,4546],{"id":4541},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[18,4544,3358],{}," is ",[18,4547,3361],{},[14,4549,4550],{},"This is expected behavior:",[52,4552,4554],{"className":54,"code":4553,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[18,4555,4556],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4557,4558,4560,4562,4564,4567],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4559,130],{"class":129},[61,4561,109],{"class":75},[61,4563,3474],{"class":129},[61,4565,4566],{"class":75},"([]))",[61,4568,3421],{"class":3420},[14,4570,4571,4572,4574],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[18,4573,3361],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,4576,4577],{},"Useful quick tests:",[52,4579,4581],{"className":54,"code":4580,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[18,4582,4583,4605,4627,4674,4710],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4584,4585,4587,4589,4591,4593,4595,4597,4599,4601,4603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4586,130],{"class":129},[61,4588,109],{"class":75},[61,4590,3474],{"class":129},[61,4592,1126],{"class":75},[61,4594,80],{"class":79},[61,4596,83],{"class":75},[61,4598,86],{"class":79},[61,4600,83],{"class":75},[61,4602,91],{"class":79},[61,4604,2758],{"class":75},[61,4606,4607,4609,4611,4613,4615,4617,4619,4621,4623,4625],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4608,130],{"class":129},[61,4610,109],{"class":75},[61,4612,3474],{"class":129},[61,4614,1126],{"class":75},[61,4616,80],{"class":79},[61,4618,83],{"class":75},[61,4620,3591],{"class":79},[61,4622,83],{"class":75},[61,4624,91],{"class":79},[61,4626,2758],{"class":75},[61,4628,4629,4631,4633,4635,4637,4639,4641,4643,4645,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663,4665,4667,4669,4671],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,4630,130],{"class":129},[61,4632,1126],{"class":75},[61,4634,3625],{"class":105},[61,4636,109],{"class":75},[61,4638,1936],{"class":112},[61,4640,3417],{"class":75},[61,4642,3635],{"class":3634},[61,4644,3638],{"class":112},[61,4646,3641],{"class":3634},[61,4648,76],{"class":75},[61,4650,80],{"class":79},[61,4652,83],{"class":75},[61,4654,3591],{"class":79},[61,4656,83],{"class":75},[61,4658,3596],{"class":190},[61,4660,83],{"class":75},[61,4662,191],{"class":190},[61,4664,1323],{"class":194},[61,4666,198],{"class":190},[61,4668,83],{"class":75},[61,4670,3610],{"class":3609},[61,4672,4673],{"class":75},"]])\n",[61,4675,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690,4692,4694,4696,4698,4700,4702,4704,4706,4708],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,4677,130],{"class":129},[61,4679,109],{"class":75},[61,4681,3474],{"class":129},[61,4683,109],{"class":75},[61,4685,2783],{"class":112},[61,4687,4012],{"class":71},[61,4689,3591],{"class":79},[61,4691,3635],{"class":3634},[61,4693,3638],{"class":112},[61,4695,3641],{"class":3634},[61,4697,76],{"class":75},[61,4699,80],{"class":79},[61,4701,83],{"class":75},[61,4703,86],{"class":79},[61,4705,83],{"class":75},[61,4707,91],{"class":79},[61,4709,2758],{"class":75},[61,4711,4712,4714,4716,4718],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,4713,130],{"class":129},[61,4715,109],{"class":75},[61,4717,3474],{"class":129},[61,4719,4189],{"class":75},[47,4721,4723,4724],{"id":4722},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[18,4725,3335],{},[14,4727,4728,4730],{},[18,4729,3335],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,4732,4733],{},"Common use cases:",[26,4735,4736,4739,4742],{},[29,4737,4738],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[29,4740,4741],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[29,4743,4744],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,4746,4747],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[52,4749,4751],{"className":54,"code":4750,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[18,4752,4753,4789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4754,4755,4758,4760,4762,4764,4767,4769,4771,4773,4776,4778,4780,4782,4785,4787],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4756,4757],{"class":67},"names ",[61,4759,72],{"class":71},[61,4761,76],{"class":75},[61,4763,198],{"class":190},[61,4765,4766],{"class":194},"Alice",[61,4768,198],{"class":190},[61,4770,83],{"class":75},[61,4772,191],{"class":190},[61,4774,4775],{"class":194},"Bob",[61,4777,198],{"class":190},[61,4779,83],{"class":75},[61,4781,191],{"class":190},[61,4783,4784],{"class":194},"Charlie",[61,4786,198],{"class":190},[61,4788,94],{"class":75},[61,4790,4791,4793,4795,4797,4799,4802],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4792,130],{"class":129},[61,4794,109],{"class":75},[61,4796,3474],{"class":129},[61,4798,109],{"class":75},[61,4800,4801],{"class":112},"names",[61,4803,154],{"class":75},[14,4805,157],{},[52,4807,4808],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4809,4810],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4811,4812],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4813,3738],{"class":3609},[14,4815,4816],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[52,4818,4820],{"className":54,"code":4819,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[18,4821,4822,4846],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4823,4824,4827,4829,4831,4834,4836,4839,4841,4844],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4825,4826],{"class":67},"scores ",[61,4828,72],{"class":71},[61,4830,76],{"class":75},[61,4832,4833],{"class":79},"75",[61,4835,83],{"class":75},[61,4837,4838],{"class":79}," 80",[61,4840,83],{"class":75},[61,4842,4843],{"class":79}," 50",[61,4845,94],{"class":75},[61,4847,4848,4850,4852,4854,4856,4859,4862,4864,4866,4869,4871,4874],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,4849,130],{"class":129},[61,4851,109],{"class":75},[61,4853,3474],{"class":129},[61,4855,109],{"class":75},[61,4857,4858],{"class":112},"score ",[61,4860,4861],{"class":71},">=",[61,4863,4843],{"class":79},[61,4865,3635],{"class":3634},[61,4867,4868],{"class":112}," score ",[61,4870,3641],{"class":3634},[61,4872,4873],{"class":112}," scores",[61,4875,154],{"class":75},[14,4877,157],{},[52,4879,4880],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4881,4882],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4883,4884],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4885,3738],{"class":3609},[14,4887,4888],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,4890,4891,4892,4154,4896,244],{},"For related tasks, see ",[235,4893,4895],{"href":4894},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[235,4897,4899],{"href":4898},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[47,4901,1620],{"id":1619},[408,4903,4905,4906,4908],{"id":4904},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[18,4907,3335],{}," return in Python?",[14,4910,4911,4912,4914,4915,4917],{},"It returns ",[18,4913,3361],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[18,4916,3431],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[408,4919,4921,4922,4924,4925,2251],{"id":4920},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[18,4923,3358],{}," return ",[18,4926,3361],{},[14,4928,4929],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[408,4931,4933,4934,4936],{"id":4932},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[18,4935,3335],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,4938,4939],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[408,4941,4943,4944,4154,4946,2251],{"id":4942},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[18,4945,3335],{},[18,4947,4948],{},"any()",[14,4950,4951,4953,4954,4956,4957,244],{},[18,4952,3335],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[18,4955,4948],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[235,4958,3332,4960,3265],{"href":4959},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[18,4961,4948],{},[47,4963,1664],{"id":1663},[26,4965,4966,4972,4976,4981,4986,4991],{},[29,4967,4968],{},[235,4969,3332,4970,3265],{"href":4959},[18,4971,4948],{},[29,4973,4974],{},[235,4975,3565],{"href":3564},[29,4977,4978],{},[235,4979,4980],{"href":4898},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[29,4982,4983],{},[235,4984,4985],{"href":4894},"How to filter a list in Python",[29,4987,4988],{},[235,4989,4990],{"href":4152},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[29,4992,4993],{},[235,4994,4995],{"href":4157},"What is an iterable in Python",[1693,4997,4998],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":5000},[5001,5002,5004,5005,5010,5012,5013,5022,5024,5034],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":3434,"depth":97,"text":5003},"What all() does",{"id":3486,"depth":97,"text":3487},{"id":3689,"depth":97,"text":3690,"children":5006},[5007,5008,5009],{"id":3693,"depth":119,"text":3694},{"id":3754,"depth":119,"text":3755},{"id":3818,"depth":119,"text":3819},{"id":3957,"depth":97,"text":5011},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4161,"depth":97,"text":4162},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":5014},[5015,5016,5018,5020],{"id":4283,"depth":119,"text":4284},{"id":4340,"depth":119,"text":5017},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4465,"depth":119,"text":5019},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4541,"depth":119,"text":5021},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4722,"depth":97,"text":5023},"When to use all()",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":5025},[5026,5028,5030,5032],{"id":4904,"depth":119,"text":5027},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4920,"depth":119,"text":5029},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4932,"depth":119,"text":5031},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4942,"depth":119,"text":5033},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3326,"description":5035},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5042,"title":5043,"body":5044,"description":6728,"extension":1727,"meta":6729,"navigation":122,"path":4959,"seo":6730,"stem":6731,"__hash__":6732},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5045,"toc":6706},[5046,5049,5057,5060,5074,5082,5125,5134,5138,5143,5146,5163,5166,5177,5189,5193,5196,5211,5216,5219,5231,5233,5316,5319,5340,5346,5348,5356,5370,5372,5406,5408,5411,5472,5474,5491,5494,5521,5523,5531,5543,5547,5550,5589,5591,5599,5601,5617,5625,5628,5671,5673,5681,5686,5690,5698,5701,5728,5731,5734,5807,5809,5817,5824,5848,5859,5862,5941,5943,5951,5958,5962,5967,5982,5984,5992,5995,6001,6004,6049,6051,6068,6072,6077,6088,6091,6206,6209,6268,6274,6276,6281,6285,6287,6306,6312,6315,6334,6338,6347,6374,6376,6384,6392,6396,6402,6425,6427,6435,6442,6446,6449,6500,6503,6554,6557,6559,6563,6570,6574,6581,6585,6593,6597,6600,6622,6624,6674,6676,6703],[10,5047,5043],{"id":5048},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5050,5051,5053,5054,244],{},[18,5052,4948],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[603,5055,5056],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5058,5059],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[26,5061,5062,5064,5067,5069,5071],{},[29,5063,290],{},[29,5065,5066],{},"tuples",[29,5068,299],{},[29,5070,293],{},[29,5072,5073],{},"generator expressions",[14,5075,5076,5077,2638,5079,5081],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[18,5078,3361],{},[18,5080,3431],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[52,5083,5085],{"className":54,"code":5084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[18,5086,5087,5107],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5088,5089,5091,5093,5095,5097,5099,5101,5103,5105],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5090,712],{"class":67},[61,5092,72],{"class":71},[61,5094,76],{"class":75},[61,5096,675],{"class":79},[61,5098,83],{"class":75},[61,5100,3596],{"class":190},[61,5102,83],{"class":75},[61,5104,4367],{"class":79},[61,5106,94],{"class":75},[61,5108,5109,5111,5113,5116,5118,5120,5123],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5110,130],{"class":129},[61,5112,109],{"class":75},[61,5114,5115],{"class":129},"any",[61,5117,109],{"class":75},[61,5119,743],{"class":112},[61,5121,5122],{"class":75},"))",[61,5124,3421],{"class":3420},[14,5126,204,5127,5130,5131,5133],{},[18,5128,5129],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[18,5132,3361],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[47,5135,5137],{"id":5136},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5139,5140,5142],{},[18,5141,4948],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5144,5145],{},"It returns:",[26,5147,5148,5153,5158],{},[29,5149,5150,5152],{},[18,5151,3361],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[29,5154,5155,5157],{},[18,5156,3431],{}," if all items are falsy",[29,5159,5160,5162],{},[18,5161,3431],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5164,5165],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[26,5167,5168,5171,5174],{},[29,5169,5170],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[29,5172,5173],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[29,5175,5176],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5178,5179,5180,5183,5184,244],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[603,5181,5182],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[235,5185,5187],{"href":5186},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[18,5188,3335],{},[47,5190,5192],{"id":5191},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5194,5195],{},"The syntax is simple:",[52,5197,5199],{"className":54,"code":5198,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"any(iterable)\n",[18,5200,5201],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5202,5203,5205,5207,5209],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5204,5115],{"class":129},[61,5206,109],{"class":75},[61,5208,272],{"class":112},[61,5210,116],{"class":75},[14,5212,5213,5214,244],{},"The argument must be an ",[603,5215,272],{},[14,5217,5218],{},"Common inputs include:",[26,5220,5221,5223,5225,5227,5229],{},[29,5222,290],{},[29,5224,5066],{},[29,5226,299],{},[29,5228,293],{},[29,5230,5073],{},[14,5232,1570],{},[52,5234,5236],{"className":54,"code":5235,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[18,5237,5238,5260,5278,5298],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5239,5240,5242,5244,5246,5248,5250,5252,5254,5256,5258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5241,130],{"class":129},[61,5243,109],{"class":75},[61,5245,5115],{"class":129},[61,5247,1126],{"class":75},[61,5249,675],{"class":79},[61,5251,83],{"class":75},[61,5253,3591],{"class":79},[61,5255,83],{"class":75},[61,5257,680],{"class":79},[61,5259,2758],{"class":75},[61,5261,5262,5264,5266,5268,5270,5272,5274,5276],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5263,130],{"class":129},[61,5265,109],{"class":75},[61,5267,5115],{"class":129},[61,5269,1028],{"class":75},[61,5271,3431],{"class":3609},[61,5273,83],{"class":75},[61,5275,3665],{"class":3609},[61,5277,2672],{"class":75},[61,5279,5280,5282,5284,5286,5289,5291,5293,5295],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,5281,130],{"class":129},[61,5283,109],{"class":75},[61,5285,5115],{"class":129},[61,5287,5288],{"class":75},"({",[61,5290,675],{"class":79},[61,5292,83],{"class":75},[61,5294,86],{"class":79},[61,5296,5297],{"class":75},"}))\n",[61,5299,5300,5302,5304,5306,5308,5310,5312,5314],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,5301,130],{"class":129},[61,5303,109],{"class":75},[61,5305,5115],{"class":129},[61,5307,109],{"class":75},[61,5309,816],{"class":190},[61,5311,1323],{"class":194},[61,5313,816],{"class":190},[61,5315,154],{"class":75},[14,5317,5318],{},"Expected output:",[52,5320,5322],{"className":54,"code":5321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5323,5324,5328,5332,5336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5325,5326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5327,3738],{"class":3609},[61,5329,5330],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5331,3799],{"class":3609},[61,5333,5334],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,5335,3738],{"class":3609},[61,5337,5338],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,5339,3738],{"class":3609},[14,5341,5342,5343,244],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[235,5344,4899],{"href":5345},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[47,5347,3487],{"id":3486},[14,5349,3490,5350,2638,5353,3495],{},[603,5351,5352],{},"truthy",[603,5354,5355],{},"falsy",[26,5357,5358,5364],{},[29,5359,5360,3503,5362],{},[603,5361,3502],{},[18,5363,3361],{},[29,5365,5366,3503,5368],{},[603,5367,3510],{},[18,5369,3431],{},[14,5371,3515],{},[26,5373,5374,5378,5382,5386,5390,5394,5398,5402],{},[29,5375,5376],{},[18,5377,3431],{},[29,5379,5380],{},[18,5381,675],{},[29,5383,5384],{},[18,5385,3526],{},[29,5387,5388],{},[18,5389,3531],{},[29,5391,5392],{},[18,5393,3545],{},[29,5395,5396],{},[18,5397,3550],{},[29,5399,5400],{},[18,5401,3555],{},[29,5403,5404],{},[18,5405,3536],{},[14,5407,3558],{},[14,5409,5410],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[52,5412,5414],{"className":54,"code":5413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[18,5415,5416,5430,5448],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5417,5418,5420,5422,5424,5426,5428],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5419,130],{"class":129},[61,5421,109],{"class":75},[61,5423,5115],{"class":129},[61,5425,1126],{"class":75},[61,5427,80],{"class":79},[61,5429,2758],{"class":75},[61,5431,5432,5434,5436,5438,5440,5442,5444,5446],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5433,130],{"class":129},[61,5435,109],{"class":75},[61,5437,5115],{"class":129},[61,5439,1126],{"class":75},[61,5441,198],{"class":190},[61,5443,1323],{"class":194},[61,5445,198],{"class":190},[61,5447,2758],{"class":75},[61,5449,5450,5452,5454,5456,5459,5461,5463,5465,5467,5469],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,5451,130],{"class":129},[61,5453,109],{"class":75},[61,5455,5115],{"class":129},[61,5457,5458],{"class":75},"([[",[61,5460,80],{"class":79},[61,5462,83],{"class":75},[61,5464,86],{"class":79},[61,5466,83],{"class":75},[61,5468,91],{"class":79},[61,5470,5471],{"class":75},"]]))\n",[14,5473,5318],{},[52,5475,5477],{"className":54,"code":5476,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5478,5479,5483,5487],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5480,5481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5482,3738],{"class":3609},[61,5484,5485],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5486,3738],{"class":3609},[61,5488,5489],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,5490,3738],{"class":3609},[14,5492,5493],{},"And these are all falsy:",[52,5495,5497],{"className":54,"code":5496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[18,5498,5499],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5500,5501,5503,5505,5507,5509,5511,5513,5515,5517,5519],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5502,130],{"class":129},[61,5504,109],{"class":75},[61,5506,5115],{"class":129},[61,5508,1126],{"class":75},[61,5510,675],{"class":79},[61,5512,83],{"class":75},[61,5514,3596],{"class":190},[61,5516,83],{"class":75},[61,5518,3610],{"class":3609},[61,5520,2758],{"class":75},[14,5522,5318],{},[52,5524,5525],{"className":54,"code":3799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,5526,5527],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5528,5529],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5530,3799],{"class":3609},[14,5532,5533,5534,4154,5537,244],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[235,5535,3565],{"href":5536},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[235,5538,5540,5542],{"href":5539},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[18,5541,3571],{}," explained",[47,5544,5546],{"id":5545},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,5548,5549],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[52,5551,5553],{"className":54,"code":5552,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,5554,5555,5575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5556,5557,5559,5561,5563,5565,5567,5569,5571,5573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5558,712],{"class":67},[61,5560,72],{"class":71},[61,5562,76],{"class":75},[61,5564,675],{"class":79},[61,5566,83],{"class":75},[61,5568,3596],{"class":190},[61,5570,83],{"class":75},[61,5572,4367],{"class":79},[61,5574,94],{"class":75},[61,5576,5577,5579,5581,5583,5585,5587],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5578,130],{"class":129},[61,5580,109],{"class":75},[61,5582,5115],{"class":129},[61,5584,109],{"class":75},[61,5586,743],{"class":112},[61,5588,154],{"class":75},[14,5590,157],{},[52,5592,5593],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,5594,5595],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5596,5597],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5598,3738],{"class":3609},[14,5600,4202],{},[26,5602,5603,5608,5612],{},[29,5604,5605,5607],{},[18,5606,675],{}," is falsy",[29,5609,5610,5607],{},[18,5611,3531],{},[29,5613,5614,5616],{},[18,5615,645],{}," is truthy",[14,5618,5619,5620,2158,5623,244],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[18,5621,5622],{},"any(values)",[18,5624,3361],{},[14,5626,5627],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[52,5629,5631],{"className":54,"code":5630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,5632,5633,5657],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5634,5635,5637,5639,5641,5643,5645,5647,5649,5651,5653,5655],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5636,712],{"class":67},[61,5638,72],{"class":71},[61,5640,76],{"class":75},[61,5642,675],{"class":79},[61,5644,83],{"class":75},[61,5646,3596],{"class":190},[61,5648,83],{"class":75},[61,5650,3610],{"class":3609},[61,5652,83],{"class":75},[61,5654,3665],{"class":3609},[61,5656,94],{"class":75},[61,5658,5659,5661,5663,5665,5667,5669],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5660,130],{"class":129},[61,5662,109],{"class":75},[61,5664,5115],{"class":129},[61,5666,109],{"class":75},[61,5668,743],{"class":112},[61,5670,154],{"class":75},[14,5672,157],{},[52,5674,5675],{"className":54,"code":3799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,5676,5677],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5678,5679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5680,3799],{"class":3609},[14,5682,5683,5684,244],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[18,5685,3431],{},[47,5687,5689],{"id":5688},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,5691,5692,5694,5695,244],{},[18,5693,4948],{}," is often used with a ",[603,5696,5697],{},"generator expression",[14,5699,5700],{},"This is a common pattern:",[52,5702,5704],{"className":54,"code":5703,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[18,5705,5706],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5707,5708,5710,5712,5715,5718,5721,5723,5726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5709,5115],{"class":129},[61,5711,109],{"class":75},[61,5713,5714],{"class":112},"condition ",[61,5716,5717],{"class":3634},"for",[61,5719,5720],{"class":112}," item ",[61,5722,3641],{"class":3634},[61,5724,5725],{"class":112}," items",[61,5727,116],{"class":75},[14,5729,5730],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,5732,5733],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[52,5735,5737],{"className":54,"code":5736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,5738,5739,5766,5770,5797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5740,5741,5743,5745,5747,5749,5751,5753,5755,5757,5759,5761,5764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5742,68],{"class":67},[61,5744,72],{"class":71},[61,5746,76],{"class":75},[61,5748,1129],{"class":79},[61,5750,83],{"class":75},[61,5752,1134],{"class":79},[61,5754,83],{"class":75},[61,5756,1984],{"class":71},[61,5758,1821],{"class":79},[61,5760,83],{"class":75},[61,5762,5763],{"class":79}," 10",[61,5765,94],{"class":75},[61,5767,5768],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5769,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,5771,5772,5774,5776,5779,5781,5783,5785,5787,5789,5791,5793,5795],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,5773,100],{"class":67},[61,5775,72],{"class":71},[61,5777,5778],{"class":129}," any",[61,5780,109],{"class":75},[61,5782,2783],{"class":112},[61,5784,183],{"class":71},[61,5786,3591],{"class":79},[61,5788,3635],{"class":3634},[61,5790,3638],{"class":112},[61,5792,3641],{"class":3634},[61,5794,4023],{"class":112},[61,5796,116],{"class":75},[61,5798,5799,5801,5803,5805],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,5800,130],{"class":129},[61,5802,109],{"class":75},[61,5804,135],{"class":112},[61,5806,116],{"class":75},[14,5808,157],{},[52,5810,5811],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,5812,5813],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5814,5815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5816,3738],{"class":3609},[14,5818,5819,5820,5823],{},"This works because ",[18,5821,5822],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[26,5825,5826,5834,5841],{},[29,5827,5828,5831,5832],{},[18,5829,5830],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[18,5833,3431],{},[29,5835,5836,5831,5839],{},[18,5837,5838],{},"7 \u003C 0",[18,5840,3431],{},[29,5842,5843,5831,5846],{},[18,5844,5845],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[18,5847,3361],{},[14,5849,5850,5851,5853,5854,5856,5857,244],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[18,5852,3361],{}," result, ",[18,5855,4948],{}," can return ",[18,5858,3361],{},[14,5860,5861],{},"Here is another example:",[52,5863,5865],{"className":54,"code":5864,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[18,5866,5867,5896,5900,5930],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5868,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877,5879,5881,5883,5886,5888,5890,5892,5894],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5870,3829],{"class":67},[61,5872,72],{"class":71},[61,5874,76],{"class":75},[61,5876,816],{"class":190},[61,5878,3838],{"class":194},[61,5880,816],{"class":190},[61,5882,83],{"class":75},[61,5884,5885],{"class":190}," \"\"",[61,5887,83],{"class":75},[61,5889,522],{"class":190},[61,5891,3847],{"class":194},[61,5893,816],{"class":190},[61,5895,94],{"class":75},[61,5897,5898],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,5899,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,5901,5902,5905,5907,5909,5911,5914,5916,5918,5920,5923,5925,5928],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,5903,5904],{"class":67},"has_empty_string ",[61,5906,72],{"class":71},[61,5908,5778],{"class":129},[61,5910,109],{"class":75},[61,5912,5913],{"class":112},"word ",[61,5915,4450],{"class":71},[61,5917,5885],{"class":190},[61,5919,3635],{"class":3634},[61,5921,5922],{"class":112}," word ",[61,5924,3641],{"class":3634},[61,5926,5927],{"class":112}," words",[61,5929,116],{"class":75},[61,5931,5932,5934,5936,5939],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,5933,130],{"class":129},[61,5935,109],{"class":75},[61,5937,5938],{"class":112},"has_empty_string",[61,5940,116],{"class":75},[14,5942,157],{},[52,5944,5945],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,5946,5947],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5948,5949],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5950,3738],{"class":3609},[14,5952,5953,5954,244],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[235,5955,5957],{"href":5956},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[47,5959,5961],{"id":5960},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,5963,5964,5965,824],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[18,5966,3431],{},[52,5968,5970],{"className":54,"code":5969,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([]))\n",[18,5971,5972],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5973,5974,5976,5978,5980],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5975,130],{"class":129},[61,5977,109],{"class":75},[61,5979,5115],{"class":129},[61,5981,4189],{"class":75},[14,5983,157],{},[52,5985,5986],{"className":54,"code":3799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,5987,5988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5989,5990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5991,3799],{"class":3609},[14,5993,5994],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,5996,5997,5998,6000],{},"The reason is simple: ",[18,5999,4948],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6002,6003],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[52,6005,6007],{"className":54,"code":6006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[18,6008,6009,6019,6034],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6010,6011,6013,6015,6017],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6012,130],{"class":129},[61,6014,109],{"class":75},[61,6016,5115],{"class":129},[61,6018,4247],{"class":75},[61,6020,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029,6032],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6022,130],{"class":129},[61,6024,109],{"class":75},[61,6026,5115],{"class":129},[61,6028,109],{"class":75},[61,6030,6031],{"class":190},"\"\"",[61,6033,154],{"class":75},[61,6035,6036,6038,6040,6042,6044,6047],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,6037,130],{"class":129},[61,6039,109],{"class":75},[61,6041,5115],{"class":129},[61,6043,109],{"class":75},[61,6045,6046],{"class":105},"set",[61,6048,996],{"class":75},[14,6050,157],{},[52,6052,6054],{"className":54,"code":6053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,6055,6056,6060,6064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6057,6058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6059,3799],{"class":3609},[61,6061,6062],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6063,3799],{"class":3609},[61,6065,6066],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,6067,3799],{"class":3609},[47,6069,6071],{"id":6070},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6073,204,6074,6076],{},[18,6075,4948],{}," when you want to:",[26,6078,6079,6082,6085],{},[29,6080,6081],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[29,6083,6084],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[29,6086,6087],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6089,6090],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[52,6092,6094],{"className":54,"code":6093,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[18,6095,6096,6121,6125,6135,6139,6153,6172,6183,6189,6194],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6097,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106,6108,6110,6112,6114,6116,6119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6099,68],{"class":67},[61,6101,72],{"class":71},[61,6103,76],{"class":75},[61,6105,80],{"class":79},[61,6107,83],{"class":75},[61,6109,91],{"class":79},[61,6111,83],{"class":75},[61,6113,4367],{"class":79},[61,6115,83],{"class":75},[61,6117,6118],{"class":79}," 8",[61,6120,94],{"class":75},[61,6122,6123],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6124,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,6126,6127,6130,6132],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,6128,6129],{"class":67},"found_even ",[61,6131,72],{"class":71},[61,6133,6134],{"class":3609}," False\n",[61,6136,6137],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,6138,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,6140,6141,6143,6146,6148,6150],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,6142,5717],{"class":3634},[61,6144,6145],{"class":67}," number ",[61,6147,3641],{"class":3634},[61,6149,4023],{"class":67},[61,6151,6152],{"class":75},":\n",[61,6154,6155,6158,6160,6163,6165,6168,6170],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,6156,6157],{"class":3634},"    if",[61,6159,6145],{"class":67},[61,6161,6162],{"class":71},"%",[61,6164,86],{"class":79},[61,6166,6167],{"class":71}," ==",[61,6169,3591],{"class":79},[61,6171,6152],{"class":75},[61,6173,6175,6178,6180],{"class":63,"line":6174},7,[61,6176,6177],{"class":67},"        found_even ",[61,6179,72],{"class":71},[61,6181,6182],{"class":3609}," True\n",[61,6184,6186],{"class":63,"line":6185},8,[61,6187,6188],{"class":3634},"        break\n",[61,6190,6192],{"class":63,"line":6191},9,[61,6193,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,6195,6197,6199,6201,6204],{"class":63,"line":6196},10,[61,6198,130],{"class":129},[61,6200,109],{"class":75},[61,6202,6203],{"class":112},"found_even",[61,6205,116],{"class":75},[14,6207,6208],{},"You can write:",[52,6210,6212],{"className":54,"code":6211,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[18,6213,6214,6238],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6215,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228,6230,6232,6234,6236],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6217,68],{"class":67},[61,6219,72],{"class":71},[61,6221,76],{"class":75},[61,6223,80],{"class":79},[61,6225,83],{"class":75},[61,6227,91],{"class":79},[61,6229,83],{"class":75},[61,6231,4367],{"class":79},[61,6233,83],{"class":75},[61,6235,6118],{"class":79},[61,6237,94],{"class":75},[61,6239,6240,6242,6244,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254,6256,6258,6260,6262,6264,6266],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6241,130],{"class":129},[61,6243,109],{"class":75},[61,6245,5115],{"class":129},[61,6247,109],{"class":75},[61,6249,1979],{"class":112},[61,6251,6162],{"class":71},[61,6253,86],{"class":79},[61,6255,6167],{"class":71},[61,6257,3591],{"class":79},[61,6259,3635],{"class":3634},[61,6261,6145],{"class":112},[61,6263,3641],{"class":3634},[61,6265,4023],{"class":112},[61,6267,154],{"class":75},[14,6269,6270,6271,6273],{},"Both work, but ",[18,6272,4948],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[47,6275,4280],{"id":4279},[14,6277,6278,6279,244],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[18,6280,4948],{},[408,6282,6284],{"id":6283},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6286,4287],{},[52,6288,6290],{"className":54,"code":6289,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any(5))\n",[18,6291,6292],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6293,6294,6296,6298,6300,6302,6304],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6295,130],{"class":129},[61,6297,109],{"class":75},[61,6299,5115],{"class":129},[61,6301,109],{"class":75},[61,6303,645],{"class":79},[61,6305,154],{"class":75},[14,6307,6308,6309,6311],{},"It causes an error because ",[18,6310,645],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6313,6314],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[52,6316,6318],{"className":54,"code":6317,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([5]))\n",[18,6319,6320],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6321,6322,6324,6326,6328,6330,6332],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6323,130],{"class":129},[61,6325,109],{"class":75},[61,6327,5115],{"class":129},[61,6329,1126],{"class":75},[61,6331,645],{"class":79},[61,6333,2758],{"class":75},[408,6335,6337],{"id":6336},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6339,6340,6342,6343,6346],{},[18,6341,4948],{}," needs only ",[603,6344,6345],{},"one"," truthy item.",[52,6348,6350],{"className":54,"code":6349,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[18,6351,6352],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6353,6354,6356,6358,6360,6362,6364,6366,6368,6370,6372],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6355,130],{"class":129},[61,6357,109],{"class":75},[61,6359,5115],{"class":129},[61,6361,1126],{"class":75},[61,6363,3431],{"class":3609},[61,6365,83],{"class":75},[61,6367,3665],{"class":3609},[61,6369,83],{"class":75},[61,6371,3674],{"class":3609},[61,6373,2758],{"class":75},[14,6375,157],{},[52,6377,6378],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,6379,6380],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6381,6382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6383,3738],{"class":3609},[14,6385,6386,6387,6391],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[235,6388,6389],{"href":5186},[18,6390,3335],{}," instead.",[408,6393,6395],{"id":6394},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6397,6398,6399,244],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[18,6400,6401],{},"\"True\"",[52,6403,6405],{"className":54,"code":6404,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[18,6406,6407],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6408,6409,6411,6413,6415,6417,6419,6421,6423],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6410,130],{"class":129},[61,6412,109],{"class":75},[61,6414,5115],{"class":129},[61,6416,1126],{"class":75},[61,6418,816],{"class":190},[61,6420,3431],{"class":194},[61,6422,816],{"class":190},[61,6424,2758],{"class":75},[14,6426,157],{},[52,6428,6429],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,6430,6431],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6432,6433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6434,3738],{"class":3609},[14,6436,6437,6438,6441],{},"That is because ",[18,6439,6440],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[408,6443,6445],{"id":6444},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6447,6448],{},"This works:",[52,6450,6452],{"className":54,"code":6451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[18,6453,6454,6474],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6455,6456,6458,6460,6462,6464,6466,6468,6470,6472],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6457,68],{"class":67},[61,6459,72],{"class":71},[61,6461,76],{"class":75},[61,6463,80],{"class":79},[61,6465,83],{"class":75},[61,6467,86],{"class":79},[61,6469,83],{"class":75},[61,6471,91],{"class":79},[61,6473,94],{"class":75},[61,6475,6476,6478,6480,6482,6484,6486,6488,6490,6492,6494,6496,6498],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6477,130],{"class":129},[61,6479,109],{"class":75},[61,6481,5115],{"class":129},[61,6483,1126],{"class":75},[61,6485,2783],{"class":112},[61,6487,4012],{"class":71},[61,6489,86],{"class":79},[61,6491,3635],{"class":3634},[61,6493,3638],{"class":112},[61,6495,3641],{"class":3634},[61,6497,4023],{"class":112},[61,6499,2758],{"class":75},[14,6501,6502],{},"But this is usually better:",[52,6504,6506],{"className":54,"code":6505,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[18,6507,6508,6528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6509,6510,6512,6514,6516,6518,6520,6522,6524,6526],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6511,68],{"class":67},[61,6513,72],{"class":71},[61,6515,76],{"class":75},[61,6517,80],{"class":79},[61,6519,83],{"class":75},[61,6521,86],{"class":79},[61,6523,83],{"class":75},[61,6525,91],{"class":79},[61,6527,94],{"class":75},[61,6529,6530,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542,6544,6546,6548,6550,6552],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6531,130],{"class":129},[61,6533,109],{"class":75},[61,6535,5115],{"class":129},[61,6537,109],{"class":75},[61,6539,2783],{"class":112},[61,6541,4012],{"class":71},[61,6543,86],{"class":79},[61,6545,3635],{"class":3634},[61,6547,3638],{"class":112},[61,6549,3641],{"class":3634},[61,6551,4023],{"class":112},[61,6553,154],{"class":75},[14,6555,6556],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[47,6558,1620],{"id":1619},[408,6560,6562],{"id":6561},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6564,4911,6565,6567,6568,244],{},[18,6566,3361],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[18,6569,3431],{},[408,6571,6573],{"id":6572},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,6575,6576,2158,6578,6580],{},[18,6577,4948],{},[18,6579,3431],{}," for an empty iterable.",[408,6582,6584],{"id":6583},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,6586,6587,6589,6590,6592],{},[18,6588,4948],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[18,6591,3335],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[408,6594,6596],{"id":6595},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,6598,6599],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[52,6601,6602],{"className":54,"code":5703,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,6603,6604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6605,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6607,5115],{"class":129},[61,6609,109],{"class":75},[61,6611,5714],{"class":112},[61,6613,5717],{"class":3634},[61,6615,5720],{"class":112},[61,6617,3641],{"class":3634},[61,6619,5725],{"class":112},[61,6621,116],{"class":75},[14,6623,1570],{},[52,6625,6626],{"className":54,"code":6505,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,6627,6628,6648],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6629,6630,6632,6634,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6631,68],{"class":67},[61,6633,72],{"class":71},[61,6635,76],{"class":75},[61,6637,80],{"class":79},[61,6639,83],{"class":75},[61,6641,86],{"class":79},[61,6643,83],{"class":75},[61,6645,91],{"class":79},[61,6647,94],{"class":75},[61,6649,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6651,130],{"class":129},[61,6653,109],{"class":75},[61,6655,5115],{"class":129},[61,6657,109],{"class":75},[61,6659,2783],{"class":112},[61,6661,4012],{"class":71},[61,6663,86],{"class":79},[61,6665,3635],{"class":3634},[61,6667,3638],{"class":112},[61,6669,3641],{"class":3634},[61,6671,4023],{"class":112},[61,6673,154],{"class":75},[47,6675,1664],{"id":1663},[26,6677,6678,6684,6688,6692,6697],{},[29,6679,6680],{},[235,6681,6682,3265],{"href":5186},[18,6683,3335],{},[29,6685,6686],{},[235,6687,3565],{"href":5536},[29,6689,6690],{},[235,6691,4980],{"href":5345},[29,6693,6694],{},[235,6695,6696],{"href":5956},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[29,6698,6699],{},[235,6700,6701,3265],{"href":5539},[18,6702,3571],{},[1693,6704,6705],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":6707},[6708,6709,6710,6711,6712,6713,6714,6715,6721,6727],{"id":5136,"depth":97,"text":5137},{"id":5191,"depth":97,"text":5192},{"id":3486,"depth":97,"text":3487},{"id":5545,"depth":97,"text":5546},{"id":5688,"depth":97,"text":5689},{"id":5960,"depth":97,"text":5961},{"id":6070,"depth":97,"text":6071},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":6716},[6717,6718,6719,6720],{"id":6283,"depth":119,"text":6284},{"id":6336,"depth":119,"text":6337},{"id":6394,"depth":119,"text":6395},{"id":6444,"depth":119,"text":6445},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":6722},[6723,6724,6725,6726],{"id":6561,"depth":119,"text":6562},{"id":6572,"depth":119,"text":6573},{"id":6583,"depth":119,"text":6584},{"id":6595,"depth":119,"text":6596},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5043,"description":6728},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6734,"title":6735,"body":6736,"description":8863,"extension":1727,"meta":8864,"navigation":122,"path":8865,"seo":8866,"stem":8867,"__hash__":8868},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6737,"toc":8826},[6738,6741,6750,6760,6762,6859,6861,6890,6906,6910,6915,6918,6928,6934,6940,6956,6958,6966,6973,6977,6980,6995,7000,7017,7022,7024,7072,7074,7091,7095,7101,7104,7138,7140,7246,7248,7285,7289,7297,7299,7319,7321,7441,7443,7472,7475,7498,7500,7508,7516,7520,7526,7530,7570,7572,7580,7583,7611,7613,7621,7625,7654,7656,7664,7696,7698,7706,7710,7761,7763,7771,7779,7783,7786,7839,7841,7860,7867,7871,7877,7880,7888,7910,7912,7920,7928,7951,7953,7961,7966,7971,7983,7985,8026,8037,8041,8050,8053,8056,8115,8118,8170,8173,8179,8195,8201,8203,8208,8217,8220,8242,8244,8252,8257,8260,8295,8297,8305,8309,8314,8352,8364,8367,8421,8429,8433,8436,8458,8467,8470,8511,8513,8536,8542,8548,8563,8565,8585,8588,8607,8609,8628,8632,8638,8717,8720,8734,8741,8743,8747,8754,8758,8762,8766,8771,8775,8780,8784,8791,8793,8823],[10,6739,6735],{"id":6740},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,6742,1744,6743,6745,6746,2638,6748,244],{},[18,6744,3571],{}," function converts a value to either ",[18,6747,3361],{},[18,6749,3431],{},[14,6751,6752,6753,6755,6756,6759],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,6754,3571],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[18,6757,6758],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[47,6761,3366],{"id":3365},[52,6763,6765],{"className":54,"code":6764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,6766,6767,6781,6795,6809,6827,6837],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6768,6769,6771,6773,6775,6777,6779],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6770,130],{"class":129},[61,6772,109],{"class":75},[61,6774,3625],{"class":105},[61,6776,109],{"class":75},[61,6778,675],{"class":79},[61,6780,154],{"class":75},[61,6782,6783,6785,6787,6789,6791,6793],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6784,130],{"class":129},[61,6786,109],{"class":75},[61,6788,3625],{"class":105},[61,6790,109],{"class":75},[61,6792,80],{"class":79},[61,6794,154],{"class":75},[61,6796,6797,6799,6801,6803,6805,6807],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,6798,130],{"class":129},[61,6800,109],{"class":75},[61,6802,3625],{"class":105},[61,6804,109],{"class":75},[61,6806,6031],{"class":190},[61,6808,154],{"class":75},[61,6810,6811,6813,6815,6817,6819,6821,6823,6825],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,6812,130],{"class":129},[61,6814,109],{"class":75},[61,6816,3625],{"class":105},[61,6818,109],{"class":75},[61,6820,816],{"class":190},[61,6822,1323],{"class":194},[61,6824,816],{"class":190},[61,6826,154],{"class":75},[61,6828,6829,6831,6833,6835],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,6830,130],{"class":129},[61,6832,109],{"class":75},[61,6834,3625],{"class":105},[61,6836,4189],{"class":75},[61,6838,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847,6849,6851,6853,6855,6857],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,6840,130],{"class":129},[61,6842,109],{"class":75},[61,6844,3625],{"class":105},[61,6846,1126],{"class":75},[61,6848,80],{"class":79},[61,6850,83],{"class":75},[61,6852,86],{"class":79},[61,6854,83],{"class":75},[61,6856,91],{"class":79},[61,6858,2758],{"class":75},[14,6860,5318],{},[52,6862,6864],{"className":54,"code":6863,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,6865,6866,6870,6874,6878,6882,6886],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6867,6868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6869,3799],{"class":3609},[61,6871,6872],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,6873,3738],{"class":3609},[61,6875,6876],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,6877,3799],{"class":3609},[61,6879,6880],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,6881,3738],{"class":3609},[61,6883,6884],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,6885,3799],{"class":3609},[61,6887,6888],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,6889,3738],{"class":3609},[14,6891,204,6892,6895,6896,2638,6898,6900,6901,6903,6904,244],{},[18,6893,6894],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[18,6897,3361],{},[18,6899,3431],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[18,6902,3431],{},". Most other values become ",[18,6905,3361],{},[47,6907,6909],{"id":6908},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,6911,6912,6914],{},[18,6913,3571],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,6916,6917],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[26,6919,6920,6924],{},[29,6921,6922],{},[18,6923,3361],{},[29,6925,6926],{},[18,6927,3431],{},[14,6929,6930,6931,6933],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[18,6932,6758],{}," statements.",[14,6935,6936,6937,6939],{},"You can also call ",[18,6938,3571],{}," with no argument:",[52,6941,6943],{"className":54,"code":6942,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool())\n",[18,6944,6945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6946,6947,6949,6951,6953],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6948,130],{"class":129},[61,6950,109],{"class":75},[61,6952,3625],{"class":105},[61,6954,6955],{"class":75},"())\n",[14,6957,157],{},[52,6959,6960],{"className":54,"code":3799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,6961,6962],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6963,6964],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6965,3799],{"class":3609},[14,6967,6968,6969,244],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[235,6970,6972],{"href":6971},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[47,6974,6976],{"id":6975},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,6978,6979],{},"The basic syntax is:",[52,6981,6983],{"className":54,"code":6982,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bool(value)\n",[18,6984,6985],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6986,6987,6989,6991,6993],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6988,3625],{"class":105},[61,6990,109],{"class":75},[61,6992,1605],{"class":112},[61,6994,116],{"class":75},[14,6996,1744,6997,6999],{},[18,6998,1605],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[26,7001,7002,7004,7006,7008,7010,7012,7014],{},[29,7003,113],{},[29,7005,293],{},[29,7007,290],{},[29,7009,5066],{},[29,7011,302],{},[29,7013,299],{},[29,7015,7016],{},"other objects",[14,7018,7019,7020,244],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[18,7021,3431],{},[14,7023,1109],{},[52,7025,7027],{"className":54,"code":7026,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[18,7028,7029,7043,7062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7030,7031,7033,7035,7037,7039,7041],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7032,130],{"class":129},[61,7034,109],{"class":75},[61,7036,3625],{"class":105},[61,7038,109],{"class":75},[61,7040,430],{"class":79},[61,7042,154],{"class":75},[61,7044,7045,7047,7049,7051,7053,7055,7058,7060],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7046,130],{"class":129},[61,7048,109],{"class":75},[61,7050,3625],{"class":105},[61,7052,109],{"class":75},[61,7054,816],{"class":190},[61,7056,7057],{"class":194},"Python",[61,7059,816],{"class":190},[61,7061,154],{"class":75},[61,7063,7064,7066,7068,7070],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,7065,130],{"class":129},[61,7067,109],{"class":75},[61,7069,3625],{"class":105},[61,7071,6955],{"class":75},[14,7073,157],{},[52,7075,7077],{"className":54,"code":7076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[18,7078,7079,7083,7087],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7080,7081],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7082,3738],{"class":3609},[61,7084,7085],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7086,3738],{"class":3609},[61,7088,7089],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,7090,3799],{"class":3609},[47,7092,7094],{"id":7093},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7096,7097,7098,7100],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[603,7099,5355],{}," values.",[14,7102,7103],{},"Common examples:",[26,7105,7106,7110,7114,7118,7122,7126,7130,7134],{},[29,7107,7108],{},[18,7109,675],{},[29,7111,7112],{},[18,7113,3526],{},[29,7115,7116],{},[18,7117,6031],{},[29,7119,7120],{},[18,7121,3545],{},[29,7123,7124],{},[18,7125,1637],{},[29,7127,7128],{},[18,7129,3550],{},[29,7131,7132],{},[18,7133,3555],{},[29,7135,7136],{},[18,7137,3536],{},[14,7139,1109],{},[52,7141,7143],{"className":54,"code":7142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[18,7144,7145,7159,7173,7187,7197,7207,7218,7232],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7146,7147,7149,7151,7153,7155,7157],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7148,130],{"class":129},[61,7150,109],{"class":75},[61,7152,3625],{"class":105},[61,7154,109],{"class":75},[61,7156,675],{"class":79},[61,7158,154],{"class":75},[61,7160,7161,7163,7165,7167,7169,7171],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7162,130],{"class":129},[61,7164,109],{"class":75},[61,7166,3625],{"class":105},[61,7168,109],{"class":75},[61,7170,3526],{"class":79},[61,7172,154],{"class":75},[61,7174,7175,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,7176,130],{"class":129},[61,7178,109],{"class":75},[61,7180,3625],{"class":105},[61,7182,109],{"class":75},[61,7184,6031],{"class":190},[61,7186,154],{"class":75},[61,7188,7189,7191,7193,7195],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,7190,130],{"class":129},[61,7192,109],{"class":75},[61,7194,3625],{"class":105},[61,7196,4189],{"class":75},[61,7198,7199,7201,7203,7205],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,7200,130],{"class":129},[61,7202,109],{"class":75},[61,7204,3625],{"class":105},[61,7206,4247],{"class":75},[61,7208,7209,7211,7213,7215],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,7210,130],{"class":129},[61,7212,109],{"class":75},[61,7214,3625],{"class":105},[61,7216,7217],{"class":75},"({}))\n",[61,7219,7220,7222,7224,7226,7228,7230],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,7221,130],{"class":129},[61,7223,109],{"class":75},[61,7225,3625],{"class":105},[61,7227,109],{"class":75},[61,7229,6046],{"class":105},[61,7231,996],{"class":75},[61,7233,7234,7236,7238,7240,7242,7244],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,7235,130],{"class":129},[61,7237,109],{"class":75},[61,7239,3625],{"class":105},[61,7241,109],{"class":75},[61,7243,3536],{"class":3609},[61,7245,154],{"class":75},[14,7247,157],{},[52,7249,7251],{"className":54,"code":7250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,7252,7253,7257,7261,7265,7269,7273,7277,7281],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7254,7255],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7256,3799],{"class":3609},[61,7258,7259],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7260,3799],{"class":3609},[61,7262,7263],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,7264,3799],{"class":3609},[61,7266,7267],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,7268,3799],{"class":3609},[61,7270,7271],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,7272,3799],{"class":3609},[61,7274,7275],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,7276,3799],{"class":3609},[61,7278,7279],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,7280,3799],{"class":3609},[61,7282,7283],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,7284,3799],{"class":3609},[47,7286,7288],{"id":7287},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7290,7291,7292,7294,7295,7100],{},"Many values become ",[18,7293,3361],{},". These are often called ",[603,7296,5352],{},[14,7298,7103],{},[26,7300,7301,7304,7307,7310,7313,7316],{},[29,7302,7303],{},"non-zero numbers",[29,7305,7306],{},"non-empty strings",[29,7308,7309],{},"non-empty lists",[29,7311,7312],{},"non-empty tuples",[29,7314,7315],{},"non-empty sets",[29,7317,7318],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7320,1109],{},[52,7322,7324],{"className":54,"code":7323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[18,7325,7326,7340,7356,7374,7396,7414],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7327,7328,7330,7332,7334,7336,7338],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7329,130],{"class":129},[61,7331,109],{"class":75},[61,7333,3625],{"class":105},[61,7335,109],{"class":75},[61,7337,645],{"class":79},[61,7339,154],{"class":75},[61,7341,7342,7344,7346,7348,7350,7352,7354],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7343,130],{"class":129},[61,7345,109],{"class":75},[61,7347,3625],{"class":105},[61,7349,109],{"class":75},[61,7351,1786],{"class":71},[61,7353,1821],{"class":79},[61,7355,154],{"class":75},[61,7357,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,7359,130],{"class":129},[61,7361,109],{"class":75},[61,7363,3625],{"class":105},[61,7365,109],{"class":75},[61,7367,816],{"class":190},[61,7369,1323],{"class":194},[61,7371,816],{"class":190},[61,7373,154],{"class":75},[61,7375,7376,7378,7380,7382,7384,7386,7388,7390,7392,7394],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,7377,130],{"class":129},[61,7379,109],{"class":75},[61,7381,3625],{"class":105},[61,7383,1126],{"class":75},[61,7385,80],{"class":79},[61,7387,83],{"class":75},[61,7389,86],{"class":79},[61,7391,83],{"class":75},[61,7393,91],{"class":79},[61,7395,2758],{"class":75},[61,7397,7398,7400,7402,7404,7406,7408,7410,7412],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,7399,130],{"class":129},[61,7401,109],{"class":75},[61,7403,3625],{"class":105},[61,7405,1028],{"class":75},[61,7407,80],{"class":79},[61,7409,83],{"class":75},[61,7411,86],{"class":79},[61,7413,2672],{"class":75},[61,7415,7416,7418,7420,7422,7424,7426,7428,7430,7432,7434,7437,7439],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,7417,130],{"class":129},[61,7419,109],{"class":75},[61,7421,3625],{"class":105},[61,7423,5288],{"class":75},[61,7425,816],{"class":190},[61,7427,819],{"class":194},[61,7429,816],{"class":190},[61,7431,824],{"class":75},[61,7433,522],{"class":190},[61,7435,7436],{"class":194},"Sam",[61,7438,816],{"class":190},[61,7440,5297],{"class":75},[14,7442,157],{},[52,7444,7446],{"className":54,"code":7445,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,7447,7448,7452,7456,7460,7464,7468],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7449,7450],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7451,3738],{"class":3609},[61,7453,7454],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7455,3738],{"class":3609},[61,7457,7458],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,7459,3738],{"class":3609},[61,7461,7462],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,7463,3738],{"class":3609},[61,7465,7466],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,7467,3738],{"class":3609},[61,7469,7470],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,7471,3738],{"class":3609},[14,7473,7474],{},"One important example is this:",[52,7476,7478],{"className":54,"code":7477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[18,7479,7480],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7481,7482,7484,7486,7488,7490,7492,7494,7496],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7483,130],{"class":129},[61,7485,109],{"class":75},[61,7487,3625],{"class":105},[61,7489,109],{"class":75},[61,7491,816],{"class":190},[61,7493,3431],{"class":194},[61,7495,816],{"class":190},[61,7497,154],{"class":75},[14,7499,157],{},[52,7501,7502],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7503,7504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7505,7506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7507,3738],{"class":3609},[14,7509,7510,7511,7513,7514,244],{},"Even though the text says ",[18,7512,6440],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[18,7515,3361],{},[47,7517,7519],{"id":7518},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7521,7522,7523,7525],{},"You can use ",[18,7524,3571],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[408,7527,7529],{"id":7528},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[52,7531,7533],{"className":54,"code":7532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,7534,7535,7556],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7536,7537,7540,7542,7544,7546,7548,7550,7552,7554],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7538,7539],{"class":67},"items ",[61,7541,72],{"class":71},[61,7543,76],{"class":75},[61,7545,430],{"class":79},[61,7547,83],{"class":75},[61,7549,435],{"class":79},[61,7551,83],{"class":75},[61,7553,440],{"class":79},[61,7555,94],{"class":75},[61,7557,7558,7560,7562,7564,7566,7568],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7559,130],{"class":129},[61,7561,109],{"class":75},[61,7563,3625],{"class":105},[61,7565,109],{"class":75},[61,7567,993],{"class":112},[61,7569,154],{"class":75},[14,7571,157],{},[52,7573,7574],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7575,7576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7577,7578],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7579,3738],{"class":3609},[14,7581,7582],{},"With an empty list:",[52,7584,7586],{"className":54,"code":7585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,7587,7588,7597],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7589,7590,7592,7594],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7591,7539],{"class":67},[61,7593,72],{"class":71},[61,7595,7596],{"class":75}," []\n",[61,7598,7599,7601,7603,7605,7607,7609],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7600,130],{"class":129},[61,7602,109],{"class":75},[61,7604,3625],{"class":105},[61,7606,109],{"class":75},[61,7608,993],{"class":112},[61,7610,154],{"class":75},[14,7612,157],{},[52,7614,7615],{"className":54,"code":3799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7616,7617],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7618,7619],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7620,3799],{"class":3609},[408,7622,7624],{"id":7623},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[52,7626,7628],{"className":54,"code":7627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,7629,7630,7640],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7631,7632,7635,7637],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7633,7634],{"class":67},"name ",[61,7636,72],{"class":71},[61,7638,7639],{"class":190}," \"\"\n",[61,7641,7642,7644,7646,7648,7650,7652],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7643,130],{"class":129},[61,7645,109],{"class":75},[61,7647,3625],{"class":105},[61,7649,109],{"class":75},[61,7651,819],{"class":112},[61,7653,154],{"class":75},[14,7655,157],{},[52,7657,7658],{"className":54,"code":3799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7659,7660],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7661,7662],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7663,3799],{"class":3609},[52,7665,7667],{"className":54,"code":7666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,7668,7669,7682],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7670,7671,7673,7675,7677,7680],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7672,7634],{"class":67},[61,7674,72],{"class":71},[61,7676,522],{"class":190},[61,7678,7679],{"class":194},"Mia",[61,7681,528],{"class":190},[61,7683,7684,7686,7688,7690,7692,7694],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7685,130],{"class":129},[61,7687,109],{"class":75},[61,7689,3625],{"class":105},[61,7691,109],{"class":75},[61,7693,819],{"class":112},[61,7695,154],{"class":75},[14,7697,157],{},[52,7699,7700],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7701,7702],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7703,7704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7705,3738],{"class":3609},[408,7707,7709],{"id":7708},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[52,7711,7713],{"className":54,"code":7712,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[18,7714,7715,7729,7746,7750],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7716,7717,7720,7722,7724,7727],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7718,7719],{"class":67},"username ",[61,7721,72],{"class":71},[61,7723,522],{"class":190},[61,7725,7726],{"class":194},"alex",[61,7728,528],{"class":190},[61,7730,7731,7734,7736,7739,7741,7744],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7732,7733],{"class":67},"has_name ",[61,7735,72],{"class":71},[61,7737,7738],{"class":105}," bool",[61,7740,109],{"class":75},[61,7742,7743],{"class":112},"username",[61,7745,116],{"class":75},[61,7747,7748],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,7749,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,7751,7752,7754,7756,7759],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,7753,130],{"class":129},[61,7755,109],{"class":75},[61,7757,7758],{"class":112},"has_name",[61,7760,116],{"class":75},[14,7762,157],{},[52,7764,7765],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7766,7767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7768,7769],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7770,3738],{"class":3609},[14,7772,7773,7774,2638,7776,7778],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[18,7775,3361],{},[18,7777,3431],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[408,7780,7782],{"id":7781},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,7784,7785],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[52,7787,7789],{"className":54,"code":7788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[18,7790,7791,7811,7815,7823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7792,7793,7795,7797,7799,7801,7803,7805,7807,7809],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7794,68],{"class":67},[61,7796,72],{"class":71},[61,7798,76],{"class":75},[61,7800,80],{"class":79},[61,7802,83],{"class":75},[61,7804,86],{"class":79},[61,7806,83],{"class":75},[61,7808,91],{"class":79},[61,7810,94],{"class":75},[61,7812,7813],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,7814,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,7816,7817,7819,7821],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,7818,6758],{"class":3634},[61,7820,4023],{"class":67},[61,7822,6152],{"class":75},[61,7824,7825,7828,7830,7832,7835,7837],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,7826,7827],{"class":129},"    print",[61,7829,109],{"class":75},[61,7831,816],{"class":190},[61,7833,7834],{"class":194},"The list is not empty",[61,7836,816],{"class":190},[61,7838,116],{"class":75},[14,7840,157],{},[52,7842,7844],{"className":54,"code":7843,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The list is not empty\n",[18,7845,7846],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7847,7848,7850,7853,7855,7857],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7849,1744],{"class":67},[61,7851,7852],{"class":105},"list",[61,7854,1287],{"class":71},[61,7856,1290],{"class":71},[61,7858,7859],{"class":67}," empty\n",[14,7861,7862,7863,244],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[235,7864,7866],{"href":7865},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[47,7868,7870],{"id":7869},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,7872,7873,7874,7876],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[18,7875,3571],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,7878,7879],{},"It does not do that.",[408,7881,7883,2158,7886],{"id":7882},"boolfalse-returns-true",[18,7884,7885],{},"bool(\"False\")",[18,7887,3361],{},[52,7889,7890],{"className":54,"code":7477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7891,7892],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7893,7894,7896,7898,7900,7902,7904,7906,7908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7895,130],{"class":129},[61,7897,109],{"class":75},[61,7899,3625],{"class":105},[61,7901,109],{"class":75},[61,7903,816],{"class":190},[61,7905,3431],{"class":194},[61,7907,816],{"class":190},[61,7909,154],{"class":75},[14,7911,157],{},[52,7913,7914],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7915,7916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7917,7918],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7919,3738],{"class":3609},[408,7921,7923,2158,7926],{"id":7922},"bool0-returns-true",[18,7924,7925],{},"bool(\"0\")",[18,7927,3361],{},[52,7929,7931],{"className":54,"code":7930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[18,7932,7933],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7934,7935,7937,7939,7941,7943,7945,7947,7949],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7936,130],{"class":129},[61,7938,109],{"class":75},[61,7940,3625],{"class":105},[61,7942,109],{"class":75},[61,7944,816],{"class":190},[61,7946,675],{"class":194},[61,7948,816],{"class":190},[61,7950,154],{"class":75},[14,7952,157],{},[52,7954,7955],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7956,7957],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7958,7959],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7960,3738],{"class":3609},[14,7962,7963,7964,244],{},"This happens because both values are ",[603,7965,7306],{},[14,7967,7968,7970],{},[18,7969,3571],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,7972,7973,7974,7979,7980,7982],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[235,7975,7977],{"href":7976},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[18,7978,2718],{},", because ",[18,7981,2718],{}," always returns a string.",[14,7984,1109],{},[52,7986,7988],{"className":54,"code":7987,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[18,7989,7990,8011],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7991,7992,7995,7997,8000,8002,8004,8007,8009],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7993,7994],{"class":67},"user_value ",[61,7996,72],{"class":71},[61,7998,7999],{"class":129}," input",[61,8001,109],{"class":75},[61,8003,816],{"class":190},[61,8005,8006],{"class":194},"Enter True or False: ",[61,8008,816],{"class":190},[61,8010,116],{"class":75},[61,8012,8013,8015,8017,8019,8021,8024],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8014,130],{"class":129},[61,8016,109],{"class":75},[61,8018,3625],{"class":105},[61,8020,109],{"class":75},[61,8022,8023],{"class":112},"user_value",[61,8025,154],{"class":75},[14,8027,8028,8029,8031,8032,7979,8034,8036],{},"If the user types ",[18,8030,3431],{},", the result will still be ",[18,8033,3361],{},[18,8035,6440],{}," is not empty.",[47,8038,8040],{"id":8039},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8042,8043,8044,8046,8047,8049],{},"In many ",[18,8045,6758],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[18,8048,3571],{}," yourself.",[14,8051,8052],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8054,8055],{},"Instead of this:",[52,8057,8059],{"className":54,"code":8058,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8060,8061,8082,8086,8100],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8062,8063,8066,8068,8070,8072,8074,8076,8078,8080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8064,8065],{"class":67},"my_list ",[61,8067,72],{"class":71},[61,8069,76],{"class":75},[61,8071,80],{"class":79},[61,8073,83],{"class":75},[61,8075,86],{"class":79},[61,8077,83],{"class":75},[61,8079,91],{"class":79},[61,8081,94],{"class":75},[61,8083,8084],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8085,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,8087,8088,8090,8092,8094,8097],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,8089,6758],{"class":3634},[61,8091,7738],{"class":105},[61,8093,109],{"class":75},[61,8095,8096],{"class":112},"my_list",[61,8098,8099],{"class":75},"):\n",[61,8101,8102,8104,8106,8108,8111,8113],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,8103,7827],{"class":129},[61,8105,109],{"class":75},[61,8107,816],{"class":190},[61,8109,8110],{"class":194},"List has items",[61,8112,816],{"class":190},[61,8114,116],{"class":75},[14,8116,8117],{},"You can simply write:",[52,8119,8121],{"className":54,"code":8120,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8122,8123,8143,8147,8156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8124,8125,8127,8129,8131,8133,8135,8137,8139,8141],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8126,8065],{"class":67},[61,8128,72],{"class":71},[61,8130,76],{"class":75},[61,8132,80],{"class":79},[61,8134,83],{"class":75},[61,8136,86],{"class":79},[61,8138,83],{"class":75},[61,8140,91],{"class":79},[61,8142,94],{"class":75},[61,8144,8145],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8146,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,8148,8149,8151,8154],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,8150,6758],{"class":3634},[61,8152,8153],{"class":67}," my_list",[61,8155,6152],{"class":75},[61,8157,8158,8160,8162,8164,8166,8168],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,8159,7827],{"class":129},[61,8161,109],{"class":75},[61,8163,816],{"class":190},[61,8165,8110],{"class":194},[61,8167,816],{"class":190},[61,8169,116],{"class":75},[14,8171,8172],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8174,8175,8176,8178],{},"Using ",[18,8177,3571],{}," is still helpful when:",[26,8180,8181,8184,8192],{},[29,8182,8183],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[29,8185,8186,8187,2638,8189,8191],{},"you want to store a real ",[18,8188,3361],{},[18,8190,3431],{}," value",[29,8193,8194],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8196,8197,8198,244],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[235,8199,8200],{"href":2060},"Python type() function explained",[47,8202,2590],{"id":2589},[14,8204,8205,8206,244],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[18,8207,3571],{},[408,8209,8211,8212,8214,8215],{"id":8210},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[18,8213,7885],{}," to return ",[18,8216,3431],{},[14,8218,8219],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[52,8221,8222],{"className":54,"code":7477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8223,8224],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8225,8226,8228,8230,8232,8234,8236,8238,8240],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8227,130],{"class":129},[61,8229,109],{"class":75},[61,8231,3625],{"class":105},[61,8233,109],{"class":75},[61,8235,816],{"class":190},[61,8237,3431],{"class":194},[61,8239,816],{"class":190},[61,8241,154],{"class":75},[14,8243,157],{},[52,8245,8246],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8247,8248],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8249,8250],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8251,3738],{"class":3609},[14,8253,8254,8255,6441],{},"Why? Because ",[18,8256,6440],{},[14,8258,8259],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[52,8261,8263],{"className":54,"code":8262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[18,8264,8265,8277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8266,8267,8269,8271,8273,8275],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8268,1580],{"class":67},[61,8270,72],{"class":71},[61,8272,522],{"class":190},[61,8274,3431],{"class":194},[61,8276,528],{"class":190},[61,8278,8279,8281,8283,8285,8287,8289,8291,8293],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8280,130],{"class":129},[61,8282,109],{"class":75},[61,8284,1580],{"class":112},[61,8286,4450],{"class":71},[61,8288,522],{"class":190},[61,8290,3361],{"class":194},[61,8292,816],{"class":190},[61,8294,116],{"class":75},[14,8296,157],{},[52,8298,8299],{"className":54,"code":3799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8300,8301],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8302,8303],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8304,3799],{"class":3609},[408,8306,8308],{"id":8307},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8310,8311,8313],{},[18,8312,2718],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[52,8315,8317],{"className":54,"code":8316,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8318,8319,8338],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8320,8321,8323,8325,8327,8329,8331,8334,8336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8322,1580],{"class":67},[61,8324,72],{"class":71},[61,8326,7999],{"class":129},[61,8328,109],{"class":75},[61,8330,816],{"class":190},[61,8332,8333],{"class":194},"Enter yes or no: ",[61,8335,816],{"class":190},[61,8337,116],{"class":75},[61,8339,8340,8342,8344,8346,8348,8350],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8341,130],{"class":129},[61,8343,109],{"class":75},[61,8345,3625],{"class":105},[61,8347,109],{"class":75},[61,8349,1605],{"class":112},[61,8351,154],{"class":75},[14,8353,8028,8354,8357,8358,8360,8361,8036],{},[18,8355,8356],{},"no",", the result is still ",[18,8359,3361],{}," because ",[18,8362,8363],{},"\"no\"",[14,8365,8366],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[52,8368,8370],{"className":54,"code":8369,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[18,8371,8372,8402],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8373,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382,8384,8386,8388,8391,8394,8397,8400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8375,1580],{"class":67},[61,8377,72],{"class":71},[61,8379,7999],{"class":129},[61,8381,109],{"class":75},[61,8383,816],{"class":190},[61,8385,8333],{"class":194},[61,8387,816],{"class":190},[61,8389,8390],{"class":75},").",[61,8392,8393],{"class":112},"strip",[61,8395,8396],{"class":75},"().",[61,8398,8399],{"class":112},"lower",[61,8401,263],{"class":75},[61,8403,8404,8406,8408,8410,8412,8414,8417,8419],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8405,130],{"class":129},[61,8407,109],{"class":75},[61,8409,1580],{"class":112},[61,8411,4450],{"class":71},[61,8413,522],{"class":190},[61,8415,8416],{"class":194},"yes",[61,8418,816],{"class":190},[61,8420,116],{"class":75},[14,8422,8423,8424,8426,8427,244],{},"This gives ",[18,8425,3361],{}," only when the user enters ",[18,8428,8416],{},[408,8430,8432],{"id":8431},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8434,8435],{},"These are different:",[26,8437,8438,8442,8446,8450,8454],{},[29,8439,8440],{},[18,8441,3431],{},[29,8443,8444],{},[18,8445,675],{},[29,8447,8448],{},[18,8449,6031],{},[29,8451,8452],{},[18,8453,3545],{},[29,8455,8456],{},[18,8457,3536],{},[14,8459,8460,8461,8463,8464,8466],{},"They all become ",[18,8462,3431],{}," with ",[18,8465,3571],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8468,8469],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[52,8471,8473],{"className":54,"code":8472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8474,8475,8483,8497],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8476,8477,8479,8481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8478,1580],{"class":67},[61,8480,72],{"class":71},[61,8482,7596],{"class":75},[61,8484,8485,8487,8489,8491,8493,8495],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8486,130],{"class":129},[61,8488,109],{"class":75},[61,8490,147],{"class":105},[61,8492,109],{"class":75},[61,8494,1605],{"class":112},[61,8496,154],{"class":75},[61,8498,8499,8501,8503,8505,8507,8509],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,8500,130],{"class":129},[61,8502,109],{"class":75},[61,8504,3625],{"class":105},[61,8506,109],{"class":75},[61,8508,1605],{"class":112},[61,8510,154],{"class":75},[14,8512,157],{},[52,8514,8516],{"className":54,"code":8515,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[18,8517,8518,8532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8519,8520,8522,8524,8526,8528,8530],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8521,183],{"class":71},[61,8523,187],{"class":186},[61,8525,191],{"class":190},[61,8527,7852],{"class":194},[61,8529,198],{"class":190},[61,8531,201],{"class":71},[61,8533,8534],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8535,3799],{"class":3609},[408,8537,8175,8539,8541],{"id":8538},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,8540,3550],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8543,8544,8545,8547],{},"In Python, ",[18,8546,3550],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[52,8549,8551],{"className":54,"code":8550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type({}))\n",[18,8552,8553],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8554,8555,8557,8559,8561],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8556,130],{"class":129},[61,8558,109],{"class":75},[61,8560,147],{"class":105},[61,8562,7217],{"class":75},[14,8564,157],{},[52,8566,8568],{"className":54,"code":8567,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,8569,8570],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8571,8572,8574,8576,8578,8581,8583],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8573,183],{"class":71},[61,8575,187],{"class":186},[61,8577,191],{"class":190},[61,8579,8580],{"class":194},"dict",[61,8582,198],{"class":190},[61,8584,201],{"class":71},[14,8586,8587],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[52,8589,8591],{"className":54,"code":8590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(set()))\n",[18,8592,8593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8594,8595,8597,8599,8601,8603,8605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8596,130],{"class":129},[61,8598,109],{"class":75},[61,8600,147],{"class":105},[61,8602,109],{"class":75},[61,8604,6046],{"class":105},[61,8606,996],{"class":75},[14,8608,157],{},[52,8610,8612],{"className":54,"code":8611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,8613,8614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8615,8616,8618,8620,8622,8624,8626],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8617,183],{"class":71},[61,8619,187],{"class":186},[61,8621,191],{"class":190},[61,8623,6046],{"class":194},[61,8625,198],{"class":190},[61,8627,201],{"class":71},[47,8629,8631],{"id":8630},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,8633,8634,8635,8637],{},"If ",[18,8636,3571],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[52,8639,8641],{"className":54,"code":8640,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[18,8642,8643,8657,8671,8681,8699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8644,8645,8647,8649,8651,8653,8655],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8646,130],{"class":129},[61,8648,109],{"class":75},[61,8650,3625],{"class":105},[61,8652,109],{"class":75},[61,8654,1605],{"class":112},[61,8656,154],{"class":75},[61,8658,8659,8661,8663,8665,8667,8669],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8660,130],{"class":129},[61,8662,109],{"class":75},[61,8664,147],{"class":105},[61,8666,109],{"class":75},[61,8668,1605],{"class":112},[61,8670,154],{"class":75},[61,8672,8673,8675,8677,8679],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,8674,130],{"class":129},[61,8676,109],{"class":75},[61,8678,1605],{"class":112},[61,8680,116],{"class":75},[61,8682,8683,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695,8697],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,8684,130],{"class":129},[61,8686,109],{"class":75},[61,8688,1580],{"class":112},[61,8690,4450],{"class":71},[61,8692,522],{"class":190},[61,8694,3361],{"class":194},[61,8696,816],{"class":190},[61,8698,116],{"class":75},[61,8700,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711,8713,8715],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,8702,130],{"class":129},[61,8704,109],{"class":75},[61,8706,1605],{"class":112},[61,8708,244],{"class":75},[61,8710,8393],{"class":112},[61,8712,8396],{"class":75},[61,8714,8399],{"class":112},[61,8716,6955],{"class":75},[14,8718,8719],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[26,8721,8722,8725,8728,8731],{},[29,8723,8724],{},"what the value really is",[29,8726,8727],{},"whether it is a string",[29,8729,8730],{},"whether it contains spaces",[29,8732,8733],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,8735,8736,8737,244],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[235,8738,8740],{"href":8739},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[47,8742,1620],{"id":1619},[408,8744,8746],{"id":8745},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,8748,8749,8750,2638,8752,244],{},"It returns either ",[18,8751,3361],{},[18,8753,3431],{},[408,8755,8757],{"id":8756},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,8759,4911,8760,244],{},[18,8761,3431],{},[408,8763,8765],{"id":8764},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,8767,8768,8769,244],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[18,8770,3361],{},[408,8772,8774],{"id":8773},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,8776,8777,8778,244],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[18,8779,3431],{},[408,8781,8783],{"id":8782},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,8785,8786,8787,2638,8789,3495],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[18,8788,3361],{},[18,8790,3431],{},[47,8792,1664],{"id":1663},[26,8794,8795,8800,8804,8809,8813,8818],{},[29,8796,8797],{},[235,8798,8799],{"href":5536},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[29,8801,8802],{},[235,8803,7866],{"href":7865},[29,8805,8806],{},[235,8807,8808],{"href":7976},"Python input() function explained",[29,8810,8811],{},[235,8812,8200],{"href":2060},[29,8814,8815],{},[235,8816,8817],{"href":8739},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[29,8819,8820],{},[235,8821,8822],{"href":6971},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1693,8824,8825],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":8827},[8828,8829,8830,8831,8832,8833,8839,8845,8846,8854,8855,8862],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":6908,"depth":97,"text":6909},{"id":6975,"depth":97,"text":6976},{"id":7093,"depth":97,"text":7094},{"id":7287,"depth":97,"text":7288},{"id":7518,"depth":97,"text":7519,"children":8834},[8835,8836,8837,8838],{"id":7528,"depth":119,"text":7529},{"id":7623,"depth":119,"text":7624},{"id":7708,"depth":119,"text":7709},{"id":7781,"depth":119,"text":7782},{"id":7869,"depth":97,"text":7870,"children":8840},[8841,8843],{"id":7882,"depth":119,"text":8842},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7922,"depth":119,"text":8844},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8039,"depth":97,"text":8040},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":8847},[8848,8850,8851,8852],{"id":8210,"depth":119,"text":8849},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8307,"depth":119,"text":8308},{"id":8431,"depth":119,"text":8432},{"id":8538,"depth":119,"text":8853},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8630,"depth":97,"text":8631},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":8856},[8857,8858,8859,8860,8861],{"id":8745,"depth":119,"text":8746},{"id":8756,"depth":119,"text":8757},{"id":8764,"depth":119,"text":8765},{"id":8773,"depth":119,"text":8774},{"id":8782,"depth":119,"text":8783},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6735,"description":8863},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8870,"title":8871,"body":8872,"description":11057,"extension":1727,"meta":11058,"navigation":122,"path":11059,"seo":11060,"stem":11061,"__hash__":11062},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8873,"toc":11019},[8874,8880,8885,8892,8897,8908,8915,9020,9024,9090,9095,9100,9105,9108,9119,9124,9127,9138,9145,9147,9152,9156,9181,9185,9194,9198,9261,9265,9298,9302,9347,9351,9388,9392,9395,9451,9455,9500,9503,9508,9547,9551,9574,9577,9591,9604,9608,9613,9680,9684,9720,9723,9731,9734,9798,9802,9834,9840,9842,9902,9909,9912,9990,9994,10027,10031,10034,10078,10082,10118,10121,10138,10141,10144,10197,10200,10211,10218,10227,10230,10287,10291,10332,10340,10348,10353,10361,10373,10378,10389,10462,10465,10477,10493,10497,10502,10506,10508,10551,10557,10560,10623,10627,10630,10639,10644,10681,10685,10688,10696,10699,10738,10742,10745,10796,10800,10821,10828,10830,10836,10863,10866,10921,10924,10935,10937,10944,10952,10958,10963,10970,10973,10980,10987,10989,11016],[10,8875,3332,8877,3336],{"id":8876},"python-dict-function-explained",[18,8878,8879],{},"dict()",[14,8881,16,8882,8884],{},[18,8883,8879],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,8886,8887,8888,8891],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[603,8889,8890],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,8893,8894,8896],{},[18,8895,8879],{}," is commonly used to:",[26,8898,8899,8902,8905],{},[29,8900,8901],{},"create an empty dictionary",[29,8903,8904],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[29,8906,8907],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,8909,8910,8911,244],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[235,8912,8914],{"href":8913},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[52,8916,8918],{"className":54,"code":8917,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[18,8919,8920,8954,8964,8968,9005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8921,8922,8924,8926,8929,8931,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944,8947,8949,8952],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8923,1459],{"class":67},[61,8925,72],{"class":71},[61,8927,8928],{"class":105}," dict",[61,8930,109],{"class":75},[61,8932,819],{"class":8933},"s99_P",[61,8935,72],{"class":71},[61,8937,198],{"class":190},[61,8939,4766],{"class":194},[61,8941,198],{"class":190},[61,8943,83],{"class":75},[61,8945,8946],{"class":8933}," age",[61,8948,72],{"class":71},[61,8950,8951],{"class":79},"25",[61,8953,116],{"class":75},[61,8955,8956,8958,8960,8962],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,8957,130],{"class":129},[61,8959,109],{"class":75},[61,8961,1501],{"class":112},[61,8963,116],{"class":75},[61,8965,8966],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,8967,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,8969,8970,8973,8975,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986,8988,8990,8992,8994,8996,8998,9000,9002],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,8971,8972],{"class":67},"pairs ",[61,8974,72],{"class":71},[61,8976,8977],{"class":75}," [(",[61,8979,198],{"class":190},[61,8981,235],{"class":194},[61,8983,198],{"class":190},[61,8985,83],{"class":75},[61,8987,680],{"class":79},[61,8989,1045],{"class":75},[61,8991,1048],{"class":75},[61,8993,198],{"class":190},[61,8995,1480],{"class":194},[61,8997,198],{"class":190},[61,8999,83],{"class":75},[61,9001,86],{"class":79},[61,9003,9004],{"class":75},")]\n",[61,9006,9007,9009,9011,9013,9015,9018],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,9008,130],{"class":129},[61,9010,109],{"class":75},[61,9012,8580],{"class":105},[61,9014,109],{"class":75},[61,9016,9017],{"class":112},"pairs",[61,9019,154],{"class":75},[14,9021,9022],{},[603,9023,157],{},[52,9025,9027],{"className":54,"code":9026,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9028,9029,9062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9030,9031,9034,9036,9038,9040,9042,9044,9046,9048,9050,9052,9054,9056,9058,9060],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9032,9033],{"class":75},"{",[61,9035,198],{"class":190},[61,9037,819],{"class":194},[61,9039,198],{"class":190},[61,9041,824],{"class":75},[61,9043,191],{"class":190},[61,9045,4766],{"class":194},[61,9047,198],{"class":190},[61,9049,83],{"class":75},[61,9051,191],{"class":190},[61,9053,838],{"class":194},[61,9055,198],{"class":190},[61,9057,824],{"class":75},[61,9059,845],{"class":79},[61,9061,730],{"class":75},[61,9063,9064,9066,9068,9070,9072,9074,9076,9078,9080,9082,9084,9086,9088],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9065,9033],{"class":75},[61,9067,198],{"class":190},[61,9069,235],{"class":194},[61,9071,198],{"class":190},[61,9073,824],{"class":75},[61,9075,680],{"class":79},[61,9077,83],{"class":75},[61,9079,191],{"class":190},[61,9081,1480],{"class":194},[61,9083,198],{"class":190},[61,9085,824],{"class":75},[61,9087,86],{"class":79},[61,9089,730],{"class":75},[14,9091,204,9092,9094],{},[18,9093,8879],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[47,9096,3435,9098,3438],{"id":9097},"what-dict-does",[18,9099,8879],{},[14,9101,9102,9104],{},[18,9103,8879],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9106,9107],{},"A dictionary:",[26,9109,9110,9113,9116],{},[29,9111,9112],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[29,9114,9115],{},"lets you look up values by key",[29,9117,9118],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9120,9121,9123],{},[18,9122,8879],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9125,9126],{},"Common uses include:",[26,9128,9129,9132,9135],{},[29,9130,9131],{},"making an empty dictionary",[29,9133,9134],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[29,9136,9137],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9139,9140,9141,244],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[235,9142,9144],{"href":9143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[47,9146,248],{"id":247},[14,9148,9149,9151],{},[18,9150,8879],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[408,9153,9155],{"id":9154},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[52,9157,9159],{"className":54,"code":9158,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[18,9160,9161,9171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9162,9163,9165,9167,9169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9164,1459],{"class":67},[61,9166,72],{"class":71},[61,9168,8928],{"class":105},[61,9170,263],{"class":75},[61,9172,9173,9175,9177,9179],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9174,130],{"class":129},[61,9176,109],{"class":75},[61,9178,1501],{"class":112},[61,9180,116],{"class":75},[14,9182,9183],{},[603,9184,157],{},[52,9186,9188],{"className":54,"code":9187,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{}\n",[18,9189,9190],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9191,9192],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9193,9187],{"class":75},[408,9195,9197],{"id":9196},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[52,9199,9201],{"className":54,"code":9200,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9202,9203,9237,9251],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9204,9205,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215,9217,9219,9221,9223,9225,9227,9229,9231,9233,9235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9206,8972],{"class":67},[61,9208,72],{"class":71},[61,9210,8977],{"class":75},[61,9212,198],{"class":190},[61,9214,235],{"class":194},[61,9216,198],{"class":190},[61,9218,83],{"class":75},[61,9220,680],{"class":79},[61,9222,1045],{"class":75},[61,9224,1048],{"class":75},[61,9226,198],{"class":190},[61,9228,1480],{"class":194},[61,9230,198],{"class":190},[61,9232,83],{"class":75},[61,9234,86],{"class":79},[61,9236,9004],{"class":75},[61,9238,9239,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9240,1459],{"class":67},[61,9242,72],{"class":71},[61,9244,8928],{"class":105},[61,9246,109],{"class":75},[61,9248,9017],{"class":112},[61,9250,116],{"class":75},[61,9252,9253,9255,9257,9259],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,9254,130],{"class":129},[61,9256,109],{"class":75},[61,9258,1501],{"class":112},[61,9260,116],{"class":75},[14,9262,9263],{},[603,9264,157],{},[52,9266,9268],{"className":54,"code":9267,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9269,9270],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9271,9272,9274,9276,9278,9280,9282,9284,9286,9288,9290,9292,9294,9296],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9273,9033],{"class":75},[61,9275,198],{"class":190},[61,9277,235],{"class":194},[61,9279,198],{"class":190},[61,9281,824],{"class":75},[61,9283,680],{"class":79},[61,9285,83],{"class":75},[61,9287,191],{"class":190},[61,9289,1480],{"class":194},[61,9291,198],{"class":190},[61,9293,824],{"class":75},[61,9295,86],{"class":79},[61,9297,730],{"class":75},[408,9299,9301],{"id":9300},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[52,9303,9305],{"className":54,"code":9304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9306,9307,9337],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9308,9309,9311,9313,9315,9317,9319,9321,9323,9325,9327,9329,9331,9333,9335],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9310,1459],{"class":67},[61,9312,72],{"class":71},[61,9314,8928],{"class":105},[61,9316,109],{"class":75},[61,9318,819],{"class":8933},[61,9320,72],{"class":71},[61,9322,198],{"class":190},[61,9324,4766],{"class":194},[61,9326,198],{"class":190},[61,9328,83],{"class":75},[61,9330,8946],{"class":8933},[61,9332,72],{"class":71},[61,9334,8951],{"class":79},[61,9336,116],{"class":75},[61,9338,9339,9341,9343,9345],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9340,130],{"class":129},[61,9342,109],{"class":75},[61,9344,1501],{"class":112},[61,9346,116],{"class":75},[14,9348,9349],{},[603,9350,157],{},[52,9352,9354],{"className":54,"code":9353,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[18,9355,9356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9357,9358,9360,9362,9364,9366,9368,9370,9372,9374,9376,9378,9380,9382,9384,9386],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9359,9033],{"class":75},[61,9361,198],{"class":190},[61,9363,819],{"class":194},[61,9365,198],{"class":190},[61,9367,824],{"class":75},[61,9369,191],{"class":190},[61,9371,4766],{"class":194},[61,9373,198],{"class":190},[61,9375,83],{"class":75},[61,9377,191],{"class":190},[61,9379,838],{"class":194},[61,9381,198],{"class":190},[61,9383,824],{"class":75},[61,9385,845],{"class":79},[61,9387,730],{"class":75},[408,9389,9391],{"id":9390},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9393,9394],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[52,9396,9398],{"className":54,"code":9397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9399,9400,9441],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9401,9402,9404,9406,9408,9411,9413,9415,9417,9419,9421,9424,9426,9428,9430,9432,9435,9437,9439],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9403,1459],{"class":67},[61,9405,72],{"class":71},[61,9407,8928],{"class":105},[61,9409,9410],{"class":75},"([(",[61,9412,198],{"class":190},[61,9414,235],{"class":194},[61,9416,198],{"class":190},[61,9418,83],{"class":75},[61,9420,680],{"class":79},[61,9422,9423],{"class":75},")],",[61,9425,2318],{"class":8933},[61,9427,72],{"class":71},[61,9429,1821],{"class":79},[61,9431,83],{"class":75},[61,9433,9434],{"class":8933}," c",[61,9436,72],{"class":71},[61,9438,1827],{"class":79},[61,9440,116],{"class":75},[61,9442,9443,9445,9447,9449],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9444,130],{"class":129},[61,9446,109],{"class":75},[61,9448,1501],{"class":112},[61,9450,116],{"class":75},[14,9452,9453],{},[603,9454,157],{},[52,9456,9458],{"className":54,"code":9457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[18,9459,9460],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9461,9462,9464,9466,9468,9470,9472,9474,9476,9478,9480,9482,9484,9486,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9463,9033],{"class":75},[61,9465,198],{"class":190},[61,9467,235],{"class":194},[61,9469,198],{"class":190},[61,9471,824],{"class":75},[61,9473,680],{"class":79},[61,9475,83],{"class":75},[61,9477,191],{"class":190},[61,9479,1480],{"class":194},[61,9481,198],{"class":190},[61,9483,824],{"class":75},[61,9485,86],{"class":79},[61,9487,83],{"class":75},[61,9489,191],{"class":190},[61,9491,573],{"class":194},[61,9493,198],{"class":190},[61,9495,824],{"class":75},[61,9497,91],{"class":79},[61,9499,730],{"class":75},[47,9501,9155],{"id":9502},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9504,204,9505,9507],{},[18,9506,8879],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[52,9509,9511],{"className":54,"code":9510,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[18,9512,9513,9523,9537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9514,9515,9517,9519,9521],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9516,1459],{"class":67},[61,9518,72],{"class":71},[61,9520,8928],{"class":105},[61,9522,263],{"class":75},[61,9524,9525,9527,9529,9531,9533,9535],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9526,130],{"class":129},[61,9528,109],{"class":75},[61,9530,147],{"class":105},[61,9532,109],{"class":75},[61,9534,1501],{"class":112},[61,9536,154],{"class":75},[61,9538,9539,9541,9543,9545],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,9540,130],{"class":129},[61,9542,109],{"class":75},[61,9544,1501],{"class":112},[61,9546,116],{"class":75},[14,9548,9549],{},[603,9550,157],{},[52,9552,9554],{"className":54,"code":9553,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[18,9555,9556,9570],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9557,9558,9560,9562,9564,9566,9568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9559,183],{"class":71},[61,9561,187],{"class":186},[61,9563,191],{"class":190},[61,9565,8580],{"class":194},[61,9567,198],{"class":190},[61,9569,201],{"class":71},[61,9571,9572],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9573,9187],{"class":75},[14,9575,9576],{},"This gives the same result as:",[52,9578,9580],{"className":54,"code":9579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n",[18,9581,9582],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9583,9584,9586,9588],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9585,1459],{"class":67},[61,9587,72],{"class":71},[61,9589,9590],{"class":75}," {}\n",[14,9592,9593,9594,9596,9597,9600,9601,9603],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[18,9595,3550],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9598,9599],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[18,9602,8879],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[47,9605,9607],{"id":9606},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,9609,9610,9611,244],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[18,9612,8879],{},[52,9614,9616],{"className":54,"code":9615,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9617,9618,9656,9670],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9619,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9621,8972],{"class":67},[61,9623,72],{"class":71},[61,9625,8977],{"class":75},[61,9627,198],{"class":190},[61,9629,819],{"class":194},[61,9631,198],{"class":190},[61,9633,83],{"class":75},[61,9635,191],{"class":190},[61,9637,4766],{"class":194},[61,9639,198],{"class":190},[61,9641,1045],{"class":75},[61,9643,1048],{"class":75},[61,9645,198],{"class":190},[61,9647,838],{"class":194},[61,9649,198],{"class":190},[61,9651,83],{"class":75},[61,9653,845],{"class":79},[61,9655,9004],{"class":75},[61,9657,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9659,1459],{"class":67},[61,9661,72],{"class":71},[61,9663,8928],{"class":105},[61,9665,109],{"class":75},[61,9667,9017],{"class":112},[61,9669,116],{"class":75},[61,9671,9672,9674,9676,9678],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,9673,130],{"class":129},[61,9675,109],{"class":75},[61,9677,1501],{"class":112},[61,9679,116],{"class":75},[14,9681,9682],{},[603,9683,157],{},[52,9685,9686],{"className":54,"code":9353,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,9687,9688],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9689,9690,9692,9694,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9691,9033],{"class":75},[61,9693,198],{"class":190},[61,9695,819],{"class":194},[61,9697,198],{"class":190},[61,9699,824],{"class":75},[61,9701,191],{"class":190},[61,9703,4766],{"class":194},[61,9705,198],{"class":190},[61,9707,83],{"class":75},[61,9709,191],{"class":190},[61,9711,838],{"class":194},[61,9713,198],{"class":190},[61,9715,824],{"class":75},[61,9717,845],{"class":79},[61,9719,730],{"class":75},[14,9721,9722],{},"Each pair becomes:",[26,9724,9725,9728],{},[29,9726,9727],{},"the first item as the key",[29,9729,9730],{},"the second item as the value",[14,9732,9733],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[52,9735,9737],{"className":54,"code":9736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9738,9739,9774,9788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9740,9741,9743,9745,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9770,9772],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9742,8972],{"class":67},[61,9744,72],{"class":71},[61,9746,9747],{"class":75}," ((",[61,9749,198],{"class":190},[61,9751,235],{"class":194},[61,9753,198],{"class":190},[61,9755,83],{"class":75},[61,9757,680],{"class":79},[61,9759,1045],{"class":75},[61,9761,1048],{"class":75},[61,9763,198],{"class":190},[61,9765,1480],{"class":194},[61,9767,198],{"class":190},[61,9769,83],{"class":75},[61,9771,86],{"class":79},[61,9773,154],{"class":75},[61,9775,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9777,1459],{"class":67},[61,9779,72],{"class":71},[61,9781,8928],{"class":105},[61,9783,109],{"class":75},[61,9785,9017],{"class":112},[61,9787,116],{"class":75},[61,9789,9790,9792,9794,9796],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,9791,130],{"class":129},[61,9793,109],{"class":75},[61,9795,1501],{"class":112},[61,9797,116],{"class":75},[14,9799,9800],{},[603,9801,157],{},[52,9803,9804],{"className":54,"code":9267,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,9805,9806],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9807,9808,9810,9812,9814,9816,9818,9820,9822,9824,9826,9828,9830,9832],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9809,9033],{"class":75},[61,9811,198],{"class":190},[61,9813,235],{"class":194},[61,9815,198],{"class":190},[61,9817,824],{"class":75},[61,9819,680],{"class":79},[61,9821,83],{"class":75},[61,9823,191],{"class":190},[61,9825,1480],{"class":194},[61,9827,198],{"class":190},[61,9829,824],{"class":75},[61,9831,86],{"class":79},[61,9833,730],{"class":75},[14,9835,9836,9837,244],{},"Each item must contain ",[603,9838,9839],{},"exactly two elements",[14,9841,1245],{},[52,9843,9845],{"className":54,"code":9844,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[18,9846,9847,9887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9848,9849,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868,9871,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9850,9851],{"class":67},"bad_data ",[61,9853,72],{"class":71},[61,9855,8977],{"class":75},[61,9857,198],{"class":190},[61,9859,235],{"class":194},[61,9861,198],{"class":190},[61,9863,83],{"class":75},[61,9865,680],{"class":79},[61,9867,83],{"class":75},[61,9869,9870],{"class":79}," 100",[61,9872,1045],{"class":75},[61,9874,1048],{"class":75},[61,9876,198],{"class":190},[61,9878,1480],{"class":194},[61,9880,198],{"class":190},[61,9882,83],{"class":75},[61,9884,86],{"class":79},[61,9886,9004],{"class":75},[61,9888,9889,9891,9893,9895,9897,9900],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9890,100],{"class":67},[61,9892,72],{"class":71},[61,9894,8928],{"class":105},[61,9896,109],{"class":75},[61,9898,9899],{"class":112},"bad_data",[61,9901,116],{"class":75},[14,9903,9904,9905,9908],{},"Python raises an error because ",[18,9906,9907],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,9910,9911],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[52,9913,9915],{"className":54,"code":9914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9916,9917,9966,9980],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9918,9919,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9920,8972],{"class":67},[61,9922,72],{"class":71},[61,9924,8977],{"class":75},[61,9926,198],{"class":190},[61,9928,235],{"class":194},[61,9930,198],{"class":190},[61,9932,83],{"class":75},[61,9934,680],{"class":79},[61,9936,1045],{"class":75},[61,9938,1048],{"class":75},[61,9940,198],{"class":190},[61,9942,235],{"class":194},[61,9944,198],{"class":190},[61,9946,83],{"class":75},[61,9948,9949],{"class":79}," 99",[61,9951,1045],{"class":75},[61,9953,1048],{"class":75},[61,9955,198],{"class":190},[61,9957,1480],{"class":194},[61,9959,198],{"class":190},[61,9961,83],{"class":75},[61,9963,86],{"class":79},[61,9965,9004],{"class":75},[61,9967,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,9969,1459],{"class":67},[61,9971,72],{"class":71},[61,9973,8928],{"class":105},[61,9975,109],{"class":75},[61,9977,9017],{"class":112},[61,9979,116],{"class":75},[61,9981,9982,9984,9986,9988],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,9983,130],{"class":129},[61,9985,109],{"class":75},[61,9987,1501],{"class":112},[61,9989,116],{"class":75},[14,9991,9992],{},[603,9993,157],{},[52,9995,9997],{"className":54,"code":9996,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9998,9999],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10000,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10002,9033],{"class":75},[61,10004,198],{"class":190},[61,10006,235],{"class":194},[61,10008,198],{"class":190},[61,10010,824],{"class":75},[61,10012,9949],{"class":79},[61,10014,83],{"class":75},[61,10016,191],{"class":190},[61,10018,1480],{"class":194},[61,10020,198],{"class":190},[61,10022,824],{"class":75},[61,10024,86],{"class":79},[61,10026,730],{"class":75},[47,10028,10030],{"id":10029},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10032,10033],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[52,10035,10036],{"className":54,"code":9304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,10037,10038,10068],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10039,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10041,1459],{"class":67},[61,10043,72],{"class":71},[61,10045,8928],{"class":105},[61,10047,109],{"class":75},[61,10049,819],{"class":8933},[61,10051,72],{"class":71},[61,10053,198],{"class":190},[61,10055,4766],{"class":194},[61,10057,198],{"class":190},[61,10059,83],{"class":75},[61,10061,8946],{"class":8933},[61,10063,72],{"class":71},[61,10065,8951],{"class":79},[61,10067,116],{"class":75},[61,10069,10070,10072,10074,10076],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10071,130],{"class":129},[61,10073,109],{"class":75},[61,10075,1501],{"class":112},[61,10077,116],{"class":75},[14,10079,10080],{},[603,10081,157],{},[52,10083,10084],{"className":54,"code":9353,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,10085,10086],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10087,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10089,9033],{"class":75},[61,10091,198],{"class":190},[61,10093,819],{"class":194},[61,10095,198],{"class":190},[61,10097,824],{"class":75},[61,10099,191],{"class":190},[61,10101,4766],{"class":194},[61,10103,198],{"class":190},[61,10105,83],{"class":75},[61,10107,191],{"class":190},[61,10109,838],{"class":194},[61,10111,198],{"class":190},[61,10113,824],{"class":75},[61,10115,845],{"class":79},[61,10117,730],{"class":75},[14,10119,10120],{},"In this form:",[26,10122,10123,10131],{},[29,10124,10125,10127,10128],{},[18,10126,819],{}," becomes the string key ",[18,10129,10130],{},"'name'",[29,10132,10133,10127,10135],{},[18,10134,838],{},[18,10136,10137],{},"'age'",[14,10139,10140],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10142,10143],{},"Valid examples:",[52,10145,10147],{"className":54,"code":10146,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10148,10149,10187],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10150,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10162,10164,10166,10169,10171,10173,10176,10178,10180,10183,10185],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10152,1459],{"class":67},[61,10154,72],{"class":71},[61,10156,8928],{"class":105},[61,10158,109],{"class":75},[61,10160,10161],{"class":8933},"city",[61,10163,72],{"class":71},[61,10165,198],{"class":190},[61,10167,10168],{"class":194},"Paris",[61,10170,198],{"class":190},[61,10172,83],{"class":75},[61,10174,10175],{"class":8933}," country",[61,10177,72],{"class":71},[61,10179,198],{"class":190},[61,10181,10182],{"class":194},"France",[61,10184,198],{"class":190},[61,10186,116],{"class":75},[61,10188,10189,10191,10193,10195],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10190,130],{"class":129},[61,10192,109],{"class":75},[61,10194,1501],{"class":112},[61,10196,116],{"class":75},[14,10198,10199],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[26,10201,10202,10205,10208],{},[29,10203,10204],{},"spaces",[29,10206,10207],{},"hyphens",[29,10209,10210],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10212,10213,10214,10217],{},"For example, this is ",[603,10215,10216],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[52,10219,10221],{"className":54,"code":10220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[18,10222,10223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10224,10225],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10226,10220],{"class":3420},[14,10228,10229],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[52,10231,10233],{"className":54,"code":10232,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10234,10235,10277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10236,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10275],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10238,1459],{"class":67},[61,10240,72],{"class":71},[61,10242,717],{"class":75},[61,10244,198],{"class":190},[61,10246,10247],{"class":194},"first-name",[61,10249,198],{"class":190},[61,10251,824],{"class":75},[61,10253,191],{"class":190},[61,10255,7436],{"class":194},[61,10257,198],{"class":190},[61,10259,83],{"class":75},[61,10261,191],{"class":190},[61,10263,10264],{"class":194},"first name",[61,10266,198],{"class":190},[61,10268,824],{"class":75},[61,10270,191],{"class":190},[61,10272,7436],{"class":194},[61,10274,198],{"class":190},[61,10276,730],{"class":75},[61,10278,10279,10281,10283,10285],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10280,130],{"class":129},[61,10282,109],{"class":75},[61,10284,1501],{"class":112},[61,10286,116],{"class":75},[14,10288,10289],{},[603,10290,157],{},[52,10292,10294],{"className":54,"code":10293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[18,10295,10296],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10297,10298,10300,10302,10304,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314,10316,10318,10320,10322,10324,10326,10328,10330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10299,9033],{"class":75},[61,10301,198],{"class":190},[61,10303,10247],{"class":194},[61,10305,198],{"class":190},[61,10307,824],{"class":75},[61,10309,191],{"class":190},[61,10311,7436],{"class":194},[61,10313,198],{"class":190},[61,10315,83],{"class":75},[61,10317,191],{"class":190},[61,10319,10264],{"class":194},[61,10321,198],{"class":190},[61,10323,824],{"class":75},[61,10325,191],{"class":190},[61,10327,7436],{"class":194},[61,10329,198],{"class":190},[61,10331,730],{"class":75},[47,10333,10335,10337,10338],{"id":10334},"dict-vs",[18,10336,8879],{}," vs ",[18,10339,3550],{},[14,10341,10342,10343,4154,10345,10347],{},"Both ",[18,10344,8879],{},[18,10346,3550],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[408,10349,204,10351,1193],{"id":10350},"use-when",[18,10352,3550],{},[26,10354,10355,10358],{},[29,10356,10357],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[29,10359,10360],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[52,10362,10363],{"className":54,"code":9579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,10364,10365],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10366,10367,10369,10371],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10368,1459],{"class":67},[61,10370,72],{"class":71},[61,10372,9590],{"class":75},[408,10374,204,10376,1193],{"id":10375},"use-dict-when",[18,10377,8879],{},[26,10379,10380,10383,10386],{},[29,10381,10382],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[29,10384,10385],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[29,10387,10388],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[52,10390,10392],{"className":54,"code":10391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[18,10393,10394,10431],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10395,10396,10398,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10397,1459],{"class":67},[61,10399,72],{"class":71},[61,10401,8928],{"class":105},[61,10403,9410],{"class":75},[61,10405,198],{"class":190},[61,10407,235],{"class":194},[61,10409,198],{"class":190},[61,10411,83],{"class":75},[61,10413,680],{"class":79},[61,10415,1045],{"class":75},[61,10417,1048],{"class":75},[61,10419,198],{"class":190},[61,10421,1480],{"class":194},[61,10423,198],{"class":190},[61,10425,83],{"class":75},[61,10427,86],{"class":79},[61,10429,10430],{"class":75},")])\n",[61,10432,10433,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458,10460],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10434,10435],{"class":67},"info ",[61,10437,72],{"class":71},[61,10439,8928],{"class":105},[61,10441,109],{"class":75},[61,10443,819],{"class":8933},[61,10445,72],{"class":71},[61,10447,198],{"class":190},[61,10449,4766],{"class":194},[61,10451,198],{"class":190},[61,10453,83],{"class":75},[61,10455,8946],{"class":8933},[61,10457,72],{"class":71},[61,10459,8951],{"class":79},[61,10461,116],{"class":75},[14,10463,10464],{},"So:",[26,10466,10467,10472],{},[29,10468,10469,10471],{},[18,10470,3550],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[29,10473,10474,10476],{},[18,10475,8879],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10478,10479,10480,10484,10485,244],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[235,10481,10483],{"href":10482},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[235,10486,10488,10489,10492],{"href":10487},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[18,10490,10491],{},"get()"," method",[47,10494,10496],{"id":10495},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10498,10499,10500,244],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[18,10501,8879],{},[408,10503,10505],{"id":10504},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10507,4287],{},[52,10509,10511],{"className":54,"code":10510,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[18,10512,10513,10537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10514,10515,10517,10519,10521,10523,10525,10527,10529,10531,10533,10535],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10516,7539],{"class":67},[61,10518,72],{"class":71},[61,10520,76],{"class":75},[61,10522,198],{"class":190},[61,10524,235],{"class":194},[61,10526,198],{"class":190},[61,10528,83],{"class":75},[61,10530,191],{"class":190},[61,10532,1480],{"class":194},[61,10534,198],{"class":190},[61,10536,94],{"class":75},[61,10538,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10540,1459],{"class":67},[61,10542,72],{"class":71},[61,10544,8928],{"class":105},[61,10546,109],{"class":75},[61,10548,993],{"class":112},[61,10550,116],{"class":75},[14,10552,10553,10554,244],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[18,10555,10556],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10558,10559],{},"Correct version:",[52,10561,10563],{"className":54,"code":10562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10564,10565,10599,10613],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10566,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10568,7539],{"class":67},[61,10570,72],{"class":71},[61,10572,8977],{"class":75},[61,10574,198],{"class":190},[61,10576,235],{"class":194},[61,10578,198],{"class":190},[61,10580,83],{"class":75},[61,10582,680],{"class":79},[61,10584,1045],{"class":75},[61,10586,1048],{"class":75},[61,10588,198],{"class":190},[61,10590,1480],{"class":194},[61,10592,198],{"class":190},[61,10594,83],{"class":75},[61,10596,86],{"class":79},[61,10598,9004],{"class":75},[61,10600,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10602,1459],{"class":67},[61,10604,72],{"class":71},[61,10606,8928],{"class":105},[61,10608,109],{"class":75},[61,10610,993],{"class":112},[61,10612,116],{"class":75},[61,10614,10615,10617,10619,10621],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,10616,130],{"class":129},[61,10618,109],{"class":75},[61,10620,1501],{"class":112},[61,10622,116],{"class":75},[408,10624,10626],{"id":10625},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,10628,10629],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[52,10631,10633],{"className":54,"code":10632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[18,10634,10635],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10636,10637],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10638,10632],{"class":3420},[14,10640,10641,10642,824],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[18,10643,72],{},[52,10645,10647],{"className":54,"code":10646,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10648,10649,10671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10650,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665,10667,10669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10652,1459],{"class":67},[61,10654,72],{"class":71},[61,10656,8928],{"class":105},[61,10658,109],{"class":75},[61,10660,819],{"class":8933},[61,10662,72],{"class":71},[61,10664,198],{"class":190},[61,10666,4766],{"class":194},[61,10668,198],{"class":190},[61,10670,116],{"class":75},[61,10672,10673,10675,10677,10679],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10674,130],{"class":129},[61,10676,109],{"class":75},[61,10678,1501],{"class":112},[61,10680,116],{"class":75},[408,10682,10684],{"id":10683},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,10686,10687],{},"This will not work:",[52,10689,10690],{"className":54,"code":10220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,10691,10692],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10693,10694],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10695,10220],{"class":3420},[14,10697,10698],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[52,10700,10702],{"className":54,"code":10701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10703,10704,10728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10705,10706,10708,10710,10712,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724,10726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10707,1459],{"class":67},[61,10709,72],{"class":71},[61,10711,717],{"class":75},[61,10713,198],{"class":190},[61,10715,10247],{"class":194},[61,10717,198],{"class":190},[61,10719,824],{"class":75},[61,10721,191],{"class":190},[61,10723,7436],{"class":194},[61,10725,198],{"class":190},[61,10727,730],{"class":75},[61,10729,10730,10732,10734,10736],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10731,130],{"class":129},[61,10733,109],{"class":75},[61,10735,1501],{"class":112},[61,10737,116],{"class":75},[408,10739,10741],{"id":10740},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,10743,10744],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[52,10746,10748],{"className":54,"code":10747,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[18,10749,10750,10786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10751,10752,10754,10756,10758,10760,10762,10764,10766,10768,10770,10772,10774,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10753,1459],{"class":67},[61,10755,72],{"class":71},[61,10757,8928],{"class":105},[61,10759,9410],{"class":75},[61,10761,198],{"class":190},[61,10763,1936],{"class":194},[61,10765,198],{"class":190},[61,10767,83],{"class":75},[61,10769,680],{"class":79},[61,10771,1045],{"class":75},[61,10773,1048],{"class":75},[61,10775,198],{"class":190},[61,10777,1936],{"class":194},[61,10779,198],{"class":190},[61,10781,83],{"class":75},[61,10783,86],{"class":79},[61,10785,10430],{"class":75},[61,10787,10788,10790,10792,10794],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10789,130],{"class":129},[61,10791,109],{"class":75},[61,10793,1501],{"class":112},[61,10795,116],{"class":75},[14,10797,10798],{},[603,10799,157],{},[52,10801,10803],{"className":54,"code":10802,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'x': 2}\n",[18,10804,10805],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10806,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10808,9033],{"class":75},[61,10810,198],{"class":190},[61,10812,1936],{"class":194},[61,10814,198],{"class":190},[61,10816,824],{"class":75},[61,10818,86],{"class":79},[61,10820,730],{"class":75},[14,10822,10823,10824,244],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[235,10825,10827],{"href":10826},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[47,10829,2590],{"id":2589},[14,10831,10832,10833,10835],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[18,10834,8879],{}," include:",[26,10837,10838,10848,10854,10857],{},[29,10839,10840,10841,10844,10845],{},"passing a list like ",[18,10842,10843],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[18,10846,10847],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[29,10849,10850,10851],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[18,10852,10853],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[29,10855,10856],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[29,10858,10859,10860,10862],{},"confusing ",[18,10861,8879],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,10864,10865],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[52,10867,10869],{"className":54,"code":10868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[18,10870,10871,10885,10895,10906],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10872,10873,10875,10877,10879,10881,10883],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10874,130],{"class":129},[61,10876,109],{"class":75},[61,10878,147],{"class":105},[61,10880,109],{"class":75},[61,10882,1501],{"class":112},[61,10884,154],{"class":75},[61,10886,10887,10889,10891,10893],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,10888,130],{"class":129},[61,10890,109],{"class":75},[61,10892,1501],{"class":112},[61,10894,116],{"class":75},[61,10896,10897,10899,10901,10904],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,10898,130],{"class":129},[61,10900,109],{"class":75},[61,10902,10903],{"class":112},"list_of_pairs",[61,10905,116],{"class":75},[61,10907,10908,10910,10912,10915,10917,10919],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,10909,130],{"class":129},[61,10911,109],{"class":75},[61,10913,10914],{"class":129},"len",[61,10916,109],{"class":75},[61,10918,10903],{"class":112},[61,10920,154],{"class":75},[14,10922,10923],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[26,10925,10926,10929,10932],{},[29,10927,10928],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[29,10930,10931],{},"what data is being passed in",[29,10933,10934],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[47,10936,1620],{"id":1619},[408,10938,4943,10940,4154,10942,2251],{"id":10939},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[18,10941,8879],{},[18,10943,3550],{},[14,10945,10946,10948,10949,10951],{},[18,10947,3550],{}," is the short literal form. ",[18,10950,8879],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[408,10953,4933,10955,10957],{"id":10954},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[18,10956,8879],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,10959,10960,10961,244],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[18,10962,10847],{},[408,10964,4921,10966,10969],{"id":10965},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[18,10967,10968],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,10971,10972],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[408,10974,10976,10977,10979],{"id":10975},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[18,10978,8879],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,10981,10982,10983,10986],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[18,10984,10985],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[47,10988,1664],{"id":1663},[26,10990,10991,10996,11000,11005,11011],{},[29,10992,10993],{},[235,10994,10995],{"href":9143},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[29,10997,10998],{},[235,10999,8914],{"href":8913},[29,11001,11002],{},[235,11003,11004],{"href":10482},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[29,11006,11007],{},[235,11008,10488,11009,10492],{"href":10487},[18,11010,10491],{},[29,11012,11013],{},[235,11014,11015],{"href":10826},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1693,11017,11018],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":11020},[11021,11023,11029,11030,11031,11032,11039,11045,11046,11056],{"id":9097,"depth":97,"text":11022},"What dict() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248,"children":11024},[11025,11026,11027,11028],{"id":9154,"depth":119,"text":9155},{"id":9196,"depth":119,"text":9197},{"id":9300,"depth":119,"text":9301},{"id":9390,"depth":119,"text":9391},{"id":9502,"depth":97,"text":9155},{"id":9606,"depth":97,"text":9607},{"id":10029,"depth":97,"text":10030},{"id":10334,"depth":97,"text":11033,"children":11034},"dict() vs {}",[11035,11037],{"id":10350,"depth":119,"text":11036},"Use {} when:",{"id":10375,"depth":119,"text":11038},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10495,"depth":97,"text":10496,"children":11040},[11041,11042,11043,11044],{"id":10504,"depth":119,"text":10505},{"id":10625,"depth":119,"text":10626},{"id":10683,"depth":119,"text":10684},{"id":10740,"depth":119,"text":10741},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":11047},[11048,11050,11052,11054],{"id":10939,"depth":119,"text":11049},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10954,"depth":119,"text":11051},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10965,"depth":119,"text":11053},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10975,"depth":119,"text":11055},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8871,"description":11057},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11064,"title":11065,"body":11066,"description":12577,"extension":1727,"meta":12578,"navigation":122,"path":12579,"seo":12580,"stem":12581,"__hash__":12582},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11067,"toc":12546},[11068,11076,11082,11089,11091,11152,11157,11162,11167,11185,11188,11192,11194,11210,11212,11225,11229,11232,11366,11368,11435,11438,11454,11460,11466,11469,11551,11553,11567,11571,11577,11642,11644,11652,11655,11678,11684,11747,11753,11756,11770,11783,11787,11798,11803,11814,11821,11825,11831,11953,11955,11981,11984,12001,12004,12115,12117,12166,12168,12181,12190,12195,12200,12211,12213,12316,12339,12341,12345,12364,12367,12425,12428,12454,12456,12463,12466,12472,12476,12483,12491,12497,12500,12502,12543],[10,11069,11071,11072,11075],{"id":11070},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[18,11073,11074],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11077,11078,11081],{},[18,11079,11080],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11083,11084,11085,11088],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[603,11086,11087],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[47,11090,50],{"id":49},[52,11092,11094],{"className":54,"code":11093,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[18,11095,11096,11128,11139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11097,11098,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108,11110,11112,11114,11116,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11099,1459],{"class":67},[61,11101,72],{"class":71},[61,11103,717],{"class":75},[61,11105,816],{"class":190},[61,11107,235],{"class":194},[61,11109,816],{"class":190},[61,11111,824],{"class":75},[61,11113,680],{"class":79},[61,11115,83],{"class":75},[61,11117,522],{"class":190},[61,11119,1480],{"class":194},[61,11121,816],{"class":190},[61,11123,824],{"class":75},[61,11125,86],{"class":79},[61,11127,730],{"class":75},[61,11129,11130,11132,11134,11137],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11131,1501],{"class":67},[61,11133,244],{"class":75},[61,11135,11136],{"class":112},"clear",[61,11138,263],{"class":75},[61,11140,11141,11143,11145,11147,11149],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,11142,130],{"class":129},[61,11144,109],{"class":75},[61,11146,1501],{"class":112},[61,11148,3417],{"class":75},[61,11150,11151],{"class":3420},"  # {}\n",[14,11153,11154,11156],{},[18,11155,11074],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[47,11158,3435,11160,3438],{"id":11159},"what-clear-does",[18,11161,11074],{},[14,11163,1744,11164,11166],{},[18,11165,11074],{}," method:",[26,11168,11169,11172,11175,11180],{},[29,11170,11171],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[29,11173,11174],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[29,11176,11177,11178],{},"Returns ",[18,11179,3536],{},[29,11181,11182,11183],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[18,11184,3550],{},[14,11186,11187],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11189,8910,11190,244],{},[235,11191,8914],{"href":8913},[47,11193,248],{"id":247},[52,11195,11197],{"className":54,"code":11196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.clear()\n",[18,11198,11199],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11200,11201,11204,11206,11208],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11202,11203],{"class":67},"my_dict",[61,11205,244],{"class":75},[61,11207,11136],{"class":112},[61,11209,263],{"class":75},[14,11211,277],{},[26,11213,11214,11219,11222],{},[29,11215,11216,11218],{},[18,11217,11074],{}," takes no arguments",[29,11220,11221],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[29,11223,11224],{},"It empties that dictionary",[47,11226,11228],{"id":11227},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11230,11231],{},"Here is a basic example:",[52,11233,11235],{"className":54,"code":11234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[18,11236,11237,11247,11268,11282,11299,11303,11307,11327,11331,11342,11346],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11238,11239,11242,11244],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11240,11241],{"class":67},"user ",[61,11243,72],{"class":71},[61,11245,11246],{"class":75}," {\n",[61,11248,11249,11252,11254,11256,11258,11260,11263,11265],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11250,11251],{"class":190},"    \"",[61,11253,819],{"class":194},[61,11255,816],{"class":190},[61,11257,824],{"class":75},[61,11259,522],{"class":190},[61,11261,11262],{"class":194},"Maya",[61,11264,816],{"class":190},[61,11266,11267],{"class":75},",\n",[61,11269,11270,11272,11274,11276,11278,11280],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,11271,11251],{"class":190},[61,11273,838],{"class":194},[61,11275,816],{"class":190},[61,11277,824],{"class":75},[61,11279,845],{"class":79},[61,11281,11267],{"class":75},[61,11283,11284,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11297],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,11285,11251],{"class":190},[61,11287,10161],{"class":194},[61,11289,816],{"class":190},[61,11291,824],{"class":75},[61,11293,522],{"class":190},[61,11295,11296],{"class":194},"Berlin",[61,11298,528],{"class":190},[61,11300,11301],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,11302,730],{"class":75},[61,11304,11305],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,11306,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,11308,11309,11311,11313,11315,11318,11320,11322,11325],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,11310,130],{"class":129},[61,11312,109],{"class":75},[61,11314,816],{"class":190},[61,11316,11317],{"class":194},"Before:",[61,11319,816],{"class":190},[61,11321,83],{"class":75},[61,11323,11324],{"class":112}," user",[61,11326,116],{"class":75},[61,11328,11329],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,11330,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,11332,11333,11336,11338,11340],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,11334,11335],{"class":67},"user",[61,11337,244],{"class":75},[61,11339,11136],{"class":112},[61,11341,263],{"class":75},[61,11343,11344],{"class":63,"line":6196},[61,11345,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,11347,11349,11351,11353,11355,11358,11360,11362,11364],{"class":63,"line":11348},11,[61,11350,130],{"class":129},[61,11352,109],{"class":75},[61,11354,816],{"class":190},[61,11356,11357],{"class":194},"After:",[61,11359,816],{"class":190},[61,11361,83],{"class":75},[61,11363,11324],{"class":112},[61,11365,116],{"class":75},[14,11367,5318],{},[52,11369,11371],{"className":54,"code":11370,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[18,11372,11373,11426],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11374,11375,11378,11380,11382,11384,11386,11388,11390,11392,11394,11396,11398,11400,11402,11404,11406,11408,11410,11412,11414,11416,11418,11420,11422,11424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11376,11377],{"class":67},"Before",[61,11379,824],{"class":75},[61,11381,717],{"class":75},[61,11383,198],{"class":190},[61,11385,819],{"class":194},[61,11387,198],{"class":190},[61,11389,824],{"class":75},[61,11391,191],{"class":190},[61,11393,11262],{"class":194},[61,11395,198],{"class":190},[61,11397,83],{"class":75},[61,11399,191],{"class":190},[61,11401,838],{"class":194},[61,11403,198],{"class":190},[61,11405,824],{"class":75},[61,11407,845],{"class":79},[61,11409,83],{"class":75},[61,11411,191],{"class":190},[61,11413,10161],{"class":194},[61,11415,198],{"class":190},[61,11417,824],{"class":75},[61,11419,191],{"class":190},[61,11421,11296],{"class":194},[61,11423,198],{"class":190},[61,11425,730],{"class":75},[61,11427,11428,11431,11433],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11429,11430],{"class":67},"After",[61,11432,824],{"class":75},[61,11434,9590],{"class":75},[14,11436,11437],{},"What happens here:",[26,11439,11440,11445,11451],{},[29,11441,11442,11444],{},[18,11443,11335],{}," starts with three items",[29,11446,11447,11450],{},[18,11448,11449],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[29,11452,11453],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[47,11455,3435,11457,11459],{"id":11456},"what-clear-returns",[18,11458,11074],{}," returns",[14,11461,11462,2158,11464,244],{},[18,11463,11074],{},[18,11465,3536],{},[14,11467,11468],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[52,11470,11472],{"className":54,"code":11471,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11473,11474,11508,11512,11527,11531,11541],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11475,11476,11479,11481,11483,11485,11487,11489,11491,11493,11495,11497,11500,11502,11504,11506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11477,11478],{"class":67},"my_dict ",[61,11480,72],{"class":71},[61,11482,717],{"class":75},[61,11484,816],{"class":190},[61,11486,1936],{"class":194},[61,11488,816],{"class":190},[61,11490,824],{"class":75},[61,11492,680],{"class":79},[61,11494,83],{"class":75},[61,11496,522],{"class":190},[61,11498,11499],{"class":194},"y",[61,11501,816],{"class":190},[61,11503,824],{"class":75},[61,11505,86],{"class":79},[61,11507,730],{"class":75},[61,11509,11510],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11511,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,11513,11514,11516,11518,11521,11523,11525],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,11515,100],{"class":67},[61,11517,72],{"class":71},[61,11519,11520],{"class":67}," my_dict",[61,11522,244],{"class":75},[61,11524,11136],{"class":112},[61,11526,263],{"class":75},[61,11528,11529],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,11530,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,11532,11533,11535,11537,11539],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,11534,130],{"class":129},[61,11536,109],{"class":75},[61,11538,135],{"class":112},[61,11540,116],{"class":75},[61,11542,11543,11545,11547,11549],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,11544,130],{"class":129},[61,11546,109],{"class":75},[61,11548,11203],{"class":112},[61,11550,116],{"class":75},[14,11552,157],{},[52,11554,11556],{"className":54,"code":11555,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n{}\n",[18,11557,11558,11563],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11559,11560],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11561,11562],{"class":3609},"None\n",[61,11564,11565],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11566,9187],{"class":75},[408,11568,11570],{"id":11569},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11572,11573,11574,11576],{},"Do ",[603,11575,605],{}," do this:",[52,11578,11580],{"className":54,"code":11579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11581,11582,11614,11628,11632],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11583,11584,11586,11588,11590,11592,11594,11596,11598,11600,11602,11604,11606,11608,11610,11612],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11585,11478],{"class":67},[61,11587,72],{"class":71},[61,11589,717],{"class":75},[61,11591,816],{"class":190},[61,11593,1936],{"class":194},[61,11595,816],{"class":190},[61,11597,824],{"class":75},[61,11599,680],{"class":79},[61,11601,83],{"class":75},[61,11603,522],{"class":190},[61,11605,11499],{"class":194},[61,11607,816],{"class":190},[61,11609,824],{"class":75},[61,11611,86],{"class":79},[61,11613,730],{"class":75},[61,11615,11616,11618,11620,11622,11624,11626],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11617,11478],{"class":67},[61,11619,72],{"class":71},[61,11621,11520],{"class":67},[61,11623,244],{"class":75},[61,11625,11136],{"class":112},[61,11627,263],{"class":75},[61,11629,11630],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,11631,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,11633,11634,11636,11638,11640],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,11635,130],{"class":129},[61,11637,109],{"class":75},[61,11639,11203],{"class":112},[61,11641,116],{"class":75},[14,11643,157],{},[52,11645,11646],{"className":54,"code":11562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,11647,11648],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11649,11650],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11651,11562],{"class":3609},[14,11653,11654],{},"Why this happens:",[26,11656,11657,11663,11668],{},[29,11658,11659,11662],{},[18,11660,11661],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[29,11664,11665,11666],{},"The method returns ",[18,11667,3536],{},[29,11669,11670,11671,11674,11675,11677],{},"Then ",[18,11672,11673],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[18,11676,3536],{}," in the variable",[14,11679,11680,11681,11683],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[18,11682,11074],{}," by itself:",[52,11685,11687],{"className":54,"code":11686,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[18,11688,11689,11721,11731,11735],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11690,11691,11693,11695,11697,11699,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715,11717,11719],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11692,11478],{"class":67},[61,11694,72],{"class":71},[61,11696,717],{"class":75},[61,11698,816],{"class":190},[61,11700,1936],{"class":194},[61,11702,816],{"class":190},[61,11704,824],{"class":75},[61,11706,680],{"class":79},[61,11708,83],{"class":75},[61,11710,522],{"class":190},[61,11712,11499],{"class":194},[61,11714,816],{"class":190},[61,11716,824],{"class":75},[61,11718,86],{"class":79},[61,11720,730],{"class":75},[61,11722,11723,11725,11727,11729],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11724,11203],{"class":67},[61,11726,244],{"class":75},[61,11728,11136],{"class":112},[61,11730,263],{"class":75},[61,11732,11733],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,11734,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,11736,11737,11739,11741,11743,11745],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,11738,130],{"class":129},[61,11740,109],{"class":75},[61,11742,11203],{"class":112},[61,11744,3417],{"class":75},[61,11746,11151],{"class":3420},[47,11748,11750,11752],{"id":11749},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[18,11751,11074],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,11754,11755],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[52,11757,11758],{"className":54,"code":11196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,11759,11760],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11761,11762,11764,11766,11768],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11763,11203],{"class":67},[61,11765,244],{"class":75},[61,11767,11136],{"class":112},[61,11769,263],{"class":75},[52,11771,11773],{"className":54,"code":11772,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {}\n",[18,11774,11775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11776,11777,11779,11781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11778,11478],{"class":67},[61,11780,72],{"class":71},[61,11782,9590],{"class":75},[408,11784,11785],{"id":11136},[18,11786,11074],{},[26,11788,11789,11792,11795],{},[29,11790,11791],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[29,11793,11794],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[29,11796,11797],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[408,11799,11800],{"id":11203},[18,11801,11802],{},"my_dict = {}",[26,11804,11805,11808,11811],{},[29,11806,11807],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[29,11809,11810],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[29,11812,11813],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,11815,11816,11817,244],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[235,11818,11820],{"href":11819},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[47,11822,11824],{"id":11823},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,11826,11827,11828,11830],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[18,11829,11074],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[52,11832,11834],{"className":54,"code":11833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,11835,11836,11869,11879,11883,11894,11898,11918,11938],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11837,11838,11841,11843,11845,11847,11849,11851,11853,11855,11857,11859,11861,11863,11865,11867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11839,11840],{"class":67},"original ",[61,11842,72],{"class":71},[61,11844,717],{"class":75},[61,11846,816],{"class":190},[61,11848,235],{"class":194},[61,11850,816],{"class":190},[61,11852,824],{"class":75},[61,11854,680],{"class":79},[61,11856,83],{"class":75},[61,11858,522],{"class":190},[61,11860,1480],{"class":194},[61,11862,816],{"class":190},[61,11864,824],{"class":75},[61,11866,86],{"class":79},[61,11868,730],{"class":75},[61,11870,11871,11874,11876],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11872,11873],{"class":67},"other_ref ",[61,11875,72],{"class":71},[61,11877,11878],{"class":67}," original\n",[61,11880,11881],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,11882,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,11884,11885,11888,11890,11892],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,11886,11887],{"class":67},"original",[61,11889,244],{"class":75},[61,11891,11136],{"class":112},[61,11893,263],{"class":75},[61,11895,11896],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,11897,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,11899,11900,11902,11904,11906,11909,11911,11913,11916],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,11901,130],{"class":129},[61,11903,109],{"class":75},[61,11905,816],{"class":190},[61,11907,11908],{"class":194},"original:",[61,11910,816],{"class":190},[61,11912,83],{"class":75},[61,11914,11915],{"class":112}," original",[61,11917,116],{"class":75},[61,11919,11920,11922,11924,11926,11929,11931,11933,11936],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,11921,130],{"class":129},[61,11923,109],{"class":75},[61,11925,816],{"class":190},[61,11927,11928],{"class":194},"other_ref:",[61,11930,816],{"class":190},[61,11932,83],{"class":75},[61,11934,11935],{"class":112}," other_ref",[61,11937,116],{"class":75},[61,11939,11940,11942,11944,11946,11949,11951],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,11941,130],{"class":129},[61,11943,109],{"class":75},[61,11945,11840],{"class":112},[61,11947,11948],{"class":3634},"is",[61,11950,11935],{"class":112},[61,11952,116],{"class":75},[14,11954,157],{},[52,11956,11958],{"className":54,"code":11957,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[18,11959,11960,11968,11977],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11961,11962,11964,11966],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11963,11887],{"class":67},[61,11965,824],{"class":75},[61,11967,9590],{"class":75},[61,11969,11970,11973,11975],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,11971,11972],{"class":67},"other_ref",[61,11974,824],{"class":75},[61,11976,9590],{"class":75},[61,11978,11979],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,11980,3738],{"class":3609},[14,11982,11983],{},"This shows:",[26,11985,11986,11993,11998],{},[29,11987,11988,4154,11990,11992],{},[18,11989,11887],{},[18,11991,11972],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[29,11994,11995,11997],{},[18,11996,11074],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[29,11999,12000],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12002,12003],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[52,12005,12007],{"className":54,"code":12006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12008,12009,12041,12049,12053,12061,12065,12083,12101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12010,12011,12013,12015,12017,12019,12021,12023,12025,12027,12029,12031,12033,12035,12037,12039],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12012,11840],{"class":67},[61,12014,72],{"class":71},[61,12016,717],{"class":75},[61,12018,816],{"class":190},[61,12020,235],{"class":194},[61,12022,816],{"class":190},[61,12024,824],{"class":75},[61,12026,680],{"class":79},[61,12028,83],{"class":75},[61,12030,522],{"class":190},[61,12032,1480],{"class":194},[61,12034,816],{"class":190},[61,12036,824],{"class":75},[61,12038,86],{"class":79},[61,12040,730],{"class":75},[61,12042,12043,12045,12047],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12044,11873],{"class":67},[61,12046,72],{"class":71},[61,12048,11878],{"class":67},[61,12050,12051],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,12052,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,12054,12055,12057,12059],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,12056,11840],{"class":67},[61,12058,72],{"class":71},[61,12060,9590],{"class":75},[61,12062,12063],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,12064,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,12066,12067,12069,12071,12073,12075,12077,12079,12081],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,12068,130],{"class":129},[61,12070,109],{"class":75},[61,12072,816],{"class":190},[61,12074,11908],{"class":194},[61,12076,816],{"class":190},[61,12078,83],{"class":75},[61,12080,11915],{"class":112},[61,12082,116],{"class":75},[61,12084,12085,12087,12089,12091,12093,12095,12097,12099],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,12086,130],{"class":129},[61,12088,109],{"class":75},[61,12090,816],{"class":190},[61,12092,11928],{"class":194},[61,12094,816],{"class":190},[61,12096,83],{"class":75},[61,12098,11935],{"class":112},[61,12100,116],{"class":75},[61,12102,12103,12105,12107,12109,12111,12113],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,12104,130],{"class":129},[61,12106,109],{"class":75},[61,12108,11840],{"class":112},[61,12110,11948],{"class":3634},[61,12112,11935],{"class":112},[61,12114,116],{"class":75},[14,12116,157],{},[52,12118,12120],{"className":54,"code":12119,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,12121,12122,12130,12162],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12123,12124,12126,12128],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12125,11887],{"class":67},[61,12127,824],{"class":75},[61,12129,9590],{"class":75},[61,12131,12132,12134,12136,12138,12140,12142,12144,12146,12148,12150,12152,12154,12156,12158,12160],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12133,11972],{"class":67},[61,12135,824],{"class":75},[61,12137,717],{"class":75},[61,12139,198],{"class":190},[61,12141,235],{"class":194},[61,12143,198],{"class":190},[61,12145,824],{"class":75},[61,12147,680],{"class":79},[61,12149,83],{"class":75},[61,12151,191],{"class":190},[61,12153,1480],{"class":194},[61,12155,198],{"class":190},[61,12157,824],{"class":75},[61,12159,86],{"class":79},[61,12161,730],{"class":75},[61,12163,12164],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,12165,3799],{"class":3609},[14,12167,1941],{},[26,12169,12170,12176],{},[29,12171,12172,12175],{},[18,12173,12174],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[29,12177,12178,12180],{},[18,12179,11972],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12182,12183,12184,244],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[235,12185,12187],{"href":12186},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[18,12188,12189],{},"dict.copy()",[47,12191,4723,12193],{"id":12192},"when-to-use-clear",[18,12194,11074],{},[14,12196,12197,12199],{},[18,12198,11074],{}," is useful when you want to:",[26,12201,12202,12205,12208],{},[29,12203,12204],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[29,12206,12207],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[29,12209,12210],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12212,1109],{},[52,12214,12216],{"className":54,"code":12215,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[18,12217,12218,12227,12243,12263,12276,12280,12284,12289,12300,12304],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12219,12220,12223,12225],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12221,12222],{"class":67},"session_data ",[61,12224,72],{"class":71},[61,12226,11246],{"class":75},[61,12228,12229,12231,12234,12236,12238,12241],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12230,11251],{"class":190},[61,12232,12233],{"class":194},"user_id",[61,12235,816],{"class":190},[61,12237,824],{"class":75},[61,12239,12240],{"class":79}," 101",[61,12242,11267],{"class":75},[61,12244,12245,12247,12250,12252,12254,12256,12259,12261],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,12246,11251],{"class":190},[61,12248,12249],{"class":194},"theme",[61,12251,816],{"class":190},[61,12253,824],{"class":75},[61,12255,522],{"class":190},[61,12257,12258],{"class":194},"dark",[61,12260,816],{"class":190},[61,12262,11267],{"class":75},[61,12264,12265,12267,12270,12272,12274],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,12266,11251],{"class":190},[61,12268,12269],{"class":194},"logged_in",[61,12271,816],{"class":190},[61,12273,824],{"class":75},[61,12275,6182],{"class":3609},[61,12277,12278],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,12279,730],{"class":75},[61,12281,12282],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,12283,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,12285,12286],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,12287,12288],{"class":3420},"# Reset for a new session\n",[61,12290,12291,12294,12296,12298],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,12292,12293],{"class":67},"session_data",[61,12295,244],{"class":75},[61,12297,11136],{"class":112},[61,12299,263],{"class":75},[61,12301,12302],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,12303,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,12305,12306,12308,12310,12312,12314],{"class":63,"line":6196},[61,12307,130],{"class":129},[61,12309,109],{"class":75},[61,12311,12293],{"class":112},[61,12313,3417],{"class":75},[61,12315,11151],{"class":3420},[14,12317,12318,12319,12325,12326,244,12330,12332,12333,244],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[235,12320,12322],{"href":12321},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[18,12323,12324],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[235,12327,12329],{"href":12328},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9598,12331],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[235,12334,12336],{"href":12335},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[18,12337,12338],{},"dict.popitem()",[47,12340,2590],{"id":2589},[14,12342,10499,12343,824],{},[18,12344,11074],{},[26,12346,12347,12353,12358,12361],{},[29,12348,12349,12350,12352],{},"Assigning the result of ",[18,12351,11074],{}," to a variable",[29,12354,8211,12355,12357],{},[18,12356,11074],{}," to return a new dictionary",[29,12359,12360],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[29,12362,12363],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12365,12366],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[52,12368,12370],{"className":54,"code":12369,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[18,12371,12372,12382,12396,12411],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12373,12374,12376,12378,12380],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12375,130],{"class":129},[61,12377,109],{"class":75},[61,12379,11203],{"class":112},[61,12381,116],{"class":75},[61,12383,12384,12386,12388,12390,12392,12394],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12385,130],{"class":129},[61,12387,109],{"class":75},[61,12389,147],{"class":105},[61,12391,109],{"class":75},[61,12393,11203],{"class":112},[61,12395,154],{"class":75},[61,12397,12398,12400,12402,12405,12407,12409],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,12399,130],{"class":129},[61,12401,109],{"class":75},[61,12403,12404],{"class":129},"id",[61,12406,109],{"class":75},[61,12408,11203],{"class":112},[61,12410,154],{"class":75},[61,12412,12413,12415,12417,12419,12421,12423],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,12414,130],{"class":129},[61,12416,109],{"class":75},[61,12418,11873],{"class":112},[61,12420,11948],{"class":3634},[61,12422,11520],{"class":112},[61,12424,116],{"class":75},[14,12426,12427],{},"What these show:",[26,12429,12430,12436,12442,12448],{},[29,12431,12432,12435],{},[18,12433,12434],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[29,12437,12438,12441],{},[18,12439,12440],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[29,12443,12444,12447],{},[18,12445,12446],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[29,12449,12450,12453],{},[18,12451,12452],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[47,12455,1620],{"id":1619},[408,12457,12459,12460,12462],{"id":12458},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[18,12461,11074],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12464,12465],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[408,12467,4905,12469,12471],{"id":12468},"what-does-dictclear-return",[18,12470,11080],{}," return?",[14,12473,4911,12474,244],{},[18,12475,3536],{},[408,12477,4943,12479,4154,12481,2251],{"id":12478},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[18,12480,11074],{},[18,12482,3550],{},[14,12484,12485,12487,12488,12490],{},[18,12486,11074],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[18,12489,3550],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[408,12492,12459,12494,12496],{"id":12493},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[18,12495,11074],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12498,12499],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[47,12501,1664],{"id":1663},[26,12503,12504,12508,12512,12519,12526,12533,12538],{},[29,12505,12506],{},[235,12507,8914],{"href":8913},[29,12509,12510],{},[235,12511,10995],{"href":9143},[29,12513,12514],{},[235,12515,10488,12516,10492],{"href":12321},[18,12517,12518],{},"pop()",[29,12520,12521],{},[235,12522,10488,12523,10492],{"href":12335},[18,12524,12525],{},"popitem()",[29,12527,12528],{},[235,12529,10488,12530,10492],{"href":12186},[18,12531,12532],{},"copy()",[29,12534,12535],{},[235,12536,12537],{"href":11819},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[29,12539,12540],{},[235,12541,12542],{"href":12328},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1693,12544,12545],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":12547},[12548,12549,12551,12552,12553,12557,12562,12563,12565,12566,12576],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":11159,"depth":97,"text":12550},"What clear() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":11456,"depth":97,"text":12554,"children":12555},"What clear() returns",[12556],{"id":11569,"depth":119,"text":11570},{"id":11749,"depth":97,"text":12558,"children":12559},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12560,12561],{"id":11136,"depth":119,"text":11074},{"id":11203,"depth":119,"text":11802},{"id":11823,"depth":97,"text":11824},{"id":12192,"depth":97,"text":12564},"When to use clear()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":12567},[12568,12570,12572,12574],{"id":12458,"depth":119,"text":12569},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12468,"depth":119,"text":12571},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12478,"depth":119,"text":12573},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12493,"depth":119,"text":12575},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11065,"description":12577},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12584,"title":12585,"body":12586,"description":14752,"extension":1727,"meta":14753,"navigation":122,"path":14754,"seo":14755,"stem":14756,"__hash__":14757},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12587,"toc":14724},[12588,12593,12598,12608,12610,12698,12702,12743,12748,12755,12773,12782,12784,12805,12808,12820,12822,12901,12905,12946,12948,12951,13078,13082,13162,13165,13183,13186,13190,13196,13198,13209,13211,13406,13410,13516,13519,13537,13540,13547,13552,13556,13570,13572,13699,13703,13783,13796,13802,13805,13812,13816,13942,13946,14020,14025,14156,14160,14234,14237,14251,14255,14259,14273,14275,14411,14415,14484,14486,14491,14513,14516,14623,14626,14637,14644,14646,14652,14655,14662,14665,14672,14680,14684,14687,14689,14721],[10,12589,11071,12591,11075],{"id":12590},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[18,12592,12532],{},[14,12594,12595,12597],{},[18,12596,12189],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12599,12600,12601,12603,12604,12607],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[18,12602,12532],{}," makes a ",[603,12605,12606],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[47,12609,50],{"id":49},[52,12611,12613],{"className":54,"code":12612,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[18,12614,12615,12652,12669,12673,12684],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12616,12617,12620,12622,12624,12626,12628,12630,12632,12634,12636,12638,12640,12642,12644,12646,12648,12650],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12618,12619],{"class":67},"student ",[61,12621,72],{"class":71},[61,12623,717],{"class":75},[61,12625,816],{"class":190},[61,12627,819],{"class":194},[61,12629,816],{"class":190},[61,12631,824],{"class":75},[61,12633,522],{"class":190},[61,12635,829],{"class":194},[61,12637,816],{"class":190},[61,12639,83],{"class":75},[61,12641,522],{"class":190},[61,12643,838],{"class":194},[61,12645,816],{"class":190},[61,12647,824],{"class":75},[61,12649,435],{"class":79},[61,12651,730],{"class":75},[61,12653,12654,12657,12659,12662,12664,12667],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12655,12656],{"class":67},"student_copy ",[61,12658,72],{"class":71},[61,12660,12661],{"class":67}," student",[61,12663,244],{"class":75},[61,12665,12666],{"class":112},"copy",[61,12668,263],{"class":75},[61,12670,12671],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,12672,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,12674,12675,12677,12679,12682],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,12676,130],{"class":129},[61,12678,109],{"class":75},[61,12680,12681],{"class":112},"student_copy",[61,12683,116],{"class":75},[61,12685,12686,12688,12690,12692,12694,12696],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,12687,130],{"class":129},[61,12689,109],{"class":75},[61,12691,12656],{"class":112},[61,12693,11948],{"class":3634},[61,12695,12661],{"class":112},[61,12697,116],{"class":75},[14,12699,12700],{},[603,12701,157],{},[52,12703,12705],{"className":54,"code":12704,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[18,12706,12707,12739],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12708,12709,12711,12713,12715,12717,12719,12721,12723,12725,12727,12729,12731,12733,12735,12737],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12710,9033],{"class":75},[61,12712,198],{"class":190},[61,12714,819],{"class":194},[61,12716,198],{"class":190},[61,12718,824],{"class":75},[61,12720,191],{"class":190},[61,12722,829],{"class":194},[61,12724,198],{"class":190},[61,12726,83],{"class":75},[61,12728,191],{"class":190},[61,12730,838],{"class":194},[61,12732,198],{"class":190},[61,12734,824],{"class":75},[61,12736,435],{"class":79},[61,12738,730],{"class":75},[61,12740,12741],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12742,3799],{"class":3609},[14,12744,204,12745,12747],{},[18,12746,12532],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[47,12749,12751,12752,12754],{"id":12750},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[18,12753,12532],{}," method does",[26,12756,12757,12762,12765,12770],{},[29,12758,12759,12761],{},[18,12760,12189],{}," returns a new dictionary",[29,12763,12764],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[29,12766,12767,12768],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[18,12769,12532],{},[29,12771,12772],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,12774,12775,12776,2638,12779,244],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[235,12777,8914],{"href":12778},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[235,12780,9144],{"href":12781},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[47,12783,248],{"id":247},[52,12785,12787],{"className":54,"code":12786,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[18,12788,12789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12790,12791,12794,12796,12799,12801,12803],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12792,12793],{"class":67},"new_dict ",[61,12795,72],{"class":71},[61,12797,12798],{"class":67}," old_dict",[61,12800,244],{"class":75},[61,12802,12666],{"class":112},[61,12804,263],{"class":75},[14,12806,12807],{},"Key points:",[26,12809,12810,12814,12817],{},[29,12811,12812,11218],{},[18,12813,12532],{},[29,12815,12816],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[29,12818,12819],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,12821,1109],{},[52,12823,12825],{"className":54,"code":12824,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,12826,12827,12870,12886,12890],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12828,12829,12832,12834,12836,12838,12840,12842,12844,12846,12849,12851,12853,12855,12857,12859,12861,12863,12866,12868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12830,12831],{"class":67},"colors ",[61,12833,72],{"class":71},[61,12835,717],{"class":75},[61,12837,816],{"class":190},[61,12839,235],{"class":194},[61,12841,816],{"class":190},[61,12843,824],{"class":75},[61,12845,522],{"class":190},[61,12847,12848],{"class":194},"red",[61,12850,816],{"class":190},[61,12852,83],{"class":75},[61,12854,522],{"class":190},[61,12856,1480],{"class":194},[61,12858,816],{"class":190},[61,12860,824],{"class":75},[61,12862,522],{"class":190},[61,12864,12865],{"class":194},"blue",[61,12867,816],{"class":190},[61,12869,730],{"class":75},[61,12871,12872,12875,12877,12880,12882,12884],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12873,12874],{"class":67},"new_colors ",[61,12876,72],{"class":71},[61,12878,12879],{"class":67}," colors",[61,12881,244],{"class":75},[61,12883,12666],{"class":112},[61,12885,263],{"class":75},[61,12887,12888],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,12889,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,12891,12892,12894,12896,12899],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,12893,130],{"class":129},[61,12895,109],{"class":75},[61,12897,12898],{"class":112},"new_colors",[61,12900,116],{"class":75},[14,12902,12903],{},[603,12904,157],{},[52,12906,12908],{"className":54,"code":12907,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[18,12909,12910],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12911,12912,12914,12916,12918,12920,12922,12924,12926,12928,12930,12932,12934,12936,12938,12940,12942,12944],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12913,9033],{"class":75},[61,12915,198],{"class":190},[61,12917,235],{"class":194},[61,12919,198],{"class":190},[61,12921,824],{"class":75},[61,12923,191],{"class":190},[61,12925,12848],{"class":194},[61,12927,198],{"class":190},[61,12929,83],{"class":75},[61,12931,191],{"class":190},[61,12933,1480],{"class":194},[61,12935,198],{"class":190},[61,12937,824],{"class":75},[61,12939,191],{"class":190},[61,12941,12865],{"class":194},[61,12943,198],{"class":190},[61,12945,730],{"class":75},[47,12947,11228],{"id":11227},[14,12949,12950],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[52,12952,12954],{"className":54,"code":12953,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[18,12955,12956,12993,13009,13013,13035,13039,13058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12957,12958,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974,12977,12979,12981,12983,12985,12987,12989,12991],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12959,809],{"class":67},[61,12961,72],{"class":71},[61,12963,717],{"class":75},[61,12965,816],{"class":190},[61,12967,819],{"class":194},[61,12969,816],{"class":190},[61,12971,824],{"class":75},[61,12973,522],{"class":190},[61,12975,12976],{"class":194},"Liam",[61,12978,816],{"class":190},[61,12980,83],{"class":75},[61,12982,522],{"class":190},[61,12984,838],{"class":194},[61,12986,816],{"class":190},[61,12988,824],{"class":75},[61,12990,845],{"class":79},[61,12992,730],{"class":75},[61,12994,12995,12998,13000,13003,13005,13007],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,12996,12997],{"class":67},"person_copy ",[61,12999,72],{"class":71},[61,13001,13002],{"class":67}," person",[61,13004,244],{"class":75},[61,13006,12666],{"class":112},[61,13008,263],{"class":75},[61,13010,13011],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,13012,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,13014,13015,13018,13020,13022,13024,13026,13029,13032],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,13016,13017],{"class":67},"person_copy",[61,13019,3658],{"class":75},[61,13021,816],{"class":190},[61,13023,838],{"class":194},[61,13025,816],{"class":190},[61,13027,13028],{"class":75},"]",[61,13030,13031],{"class":71}," =",[61,13033,13034],{"class":79}," 26\n",[61,13036,13037],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,13038,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,13040,13041,13043,13045,13047,13050,13052,13054,13056],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,13042,130],{"class":129},[61,13044,109],{"class":75},[61,13046,816],{"class":190},[61,13048,13049],{"class":194},"Original:",[61,13051,816],{"class":190},[61,13053,83],{"class":75},[61,13055,13002],{"class":112},[61,13057,116],{"class":75},[61,13059,13060,13062,13064,13066,13069,13071,13073,13076],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,13061,130],{"class":129},[61,13063,109],{"class":75},[61,13065,816],{"class":190},[61,13067,13068],{"class":194},"Copy:",[61,13070,816],{"class":190},[61,13072,83],{"class":75},[61,13074,13075],{"class":112}," person_copy",[61,13077,116],{"class":75},[14,13079,13080],{},[603,13081,157],{},[52,13083,13085],{"className":54,"code":13084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[18,13086,13087,13124],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13088,13089,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112,13114,13116,13118,13120,13122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13090,13091],{"class":67},"Original",[61,13093,824],{"class":75},[61,13095,717],{"class":75},[61,13097,198],{"class":190},[61,13099,819],{"class":194},[61,13101,198],{"class":190},[61,13103,824],{"class":75},[61,13105,191],{"class":190},[61,13107,12976],{"class":194},[61,13109,198],{"class":190},[61,13111,83],{"class":75},[61,13113,191],{"class":190},[61,13115,838],{"class":194},[61,13117,198],{"class":190},[61,13119,824],{"class":75},[61,13121,845],{"class":79},[61,13123,730],{"class":75},[61,13125,13126,13129,13131,13133,13135,13137,13139,13141,13143,13145,13147,13149,13151,13153,13155,13157,13160],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13127,13128],{"class":67},"Copy",[61,13130,824],{"class":75},[61,13132,717],{"class":75},[61,13134,198],{"class":190},[61,13136,819],{"class":194},[61,13138,198],{"class":190},[61,13140,824],{"class":75},[61,13142,191],{"class":190},[61,13144,12976],{"class":194},[61,13146,198],{"class":190},[61,13148,83],{"class":75},[61,13150,191],{"class":190},[61,13152,838],{"class":194},[61,13154,198],{"class":190},[61,13156,824],{"class":75},[61,13158,13159],{"class":79}," 26",[61,13161,730],{"class":75},[14,13163,13164],{},"What happened here:",[26,13166,13167,13173,13180],{},[29,13168,13169,13172],{},[18,13170,13171],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[29,13174,13175,13176,13179],{},"Changing ",[18,13177,13178],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[29,13181,13182],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13184,13185],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[47,13187,13189],{"id":13188},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13191,13192,12603,13194,244],{},[18,13193,12532],{},[603,13195,12606],{},[14,13197,1871],{},[26,13199,13200,13203,13206],{},[29,13201,13202],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[29,13204,13205],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[29,13207,13208],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13210,1109],{},[52,13212,13214],{"className":54,"code":13213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[18,13215,13216,13224,13242,13265,13269,13273,13287,13291,13316,13320,13338,13357,13372],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13217,13218,13220,13222],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13219,12619],{"class":67},[61,13221,72],{"class":71},[61,13223,11246],{"class":75},[61,13225,13226,13228,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13227,11251],{"class":190},[61,13229,819],{"class":194},[61,13231,816],{"class":190},[61,13233,824],{"class":75},[61,13235,522],{"class":190},[61,13237,829],{"class":194},[61,13239,816],{"class":190},[61,13241,11267],{"class":75},[61,13243,13244,13246,13249,13251,13253,13255,13258,13260,13263],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,13245,11251],{"class":190},[61,13247,13248],{"class":194},"grades",[61,13250,816],{"class":190},[61,13252,824],{"class":75},[61,13254,76],{"class":75},[61,13256,13257],{"class":79},"90",[61,13259,83],{"class":75},[61,13261,13262],{"class":79}," 85",[61,13264,94],{"class":75},[61,13266,13267],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,13268,730],{"class":75},[61,13270,13271],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,13272,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,13274,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,13276,12656],{"class":67},[61,13278,72],{"class":71},[61,13280,12661],{"class":67},[61,13282,244],{"class":75},[61,13284,12666],{"class":112},[61,13286,263],{"class":75},[61,13288,13289],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,13290,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,13292,13293,13295,13297,13299,13301,13303,13306,13309,13311,13314],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,13294,12681],{"class":67},[61,13296,3658],{"class":75},[61,13298,816],{"class":190},[61,13300,13248],{"class":194},[61,13302,816],{"class":190},[61,13304,13305],{"class":75},"].",[61,13307,13308],{"class":112},"append",[61,13310,109],{"class":75},[61,13312,13313],{"class":79},"100",[61,13315,116],{"class":75},[61,13317,13318],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,13319,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,13321,13322,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336],{"class":63,"line":6196},[61,13323,130],{"class":129},[61,13325,109],{"class":75},[61,13327,816],{"class":190},[61,13329,13049],{"class":194},[61,13331,816],{"class":190},[61,13333,83],{"class":75},[61,13335,12661],{"class":112},[61,13337,116],{"class":75},[61,13339,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350,13352,13355],{"class":63,"line":11348},[61,13341,130],{"class":129},[61,13343,109],{"class":75},[61,13345,816],{"class":190},[61,13347,13068],{"class":194},[61,13349,816],{"class":190},[61,13351,83],{"class":75},[61,13353,13354],{"class":112}," student_copy",[61,13356,116],{"class":75},[61,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366,13368,13370],{"class":63,"line":13359},12,[61,13361,130],{"class":129},[61,13363,109],{"class":75},[61,13365,12619],{"class":112},[61,13367,11948],{"class":3634},[61,13369,13354],{"class":112},[61,13371,116],{"class":75},[61,13373,13375,13377,13379,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400,13402,13404],{"class":63,"line":13374},13,[61,13376,130],{"class":129},[61,13378,109],{"class":75},[61,13380,13381],{"class":112},"student",[61,13383,3658],{"class":75},[61,13385,816],{"class":190},[61,13387,13248],{"class":194},[61,13389,816],{"class":190},[61,13391,13028],{"class":75},[61,13393,1287],{"class":3634},[61,13395,13354],{"class":112},[61,13397,3658],{"class":75},[61,13399,816],{"class":190},[61,13401,13248],{"class":194},[61,13403,816],{"class":190},[61,13405,1137],{"class":75},[14,13407,13408],{},[603,13409,157],{},[52,13411,13413],{"className":54,"code":13412,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,13414,13415,13462,13508,13512],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13416,13417,13419,13421,13423,13425,13427,13429,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439,13441,13443,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13418,13091],{"class":67},[61,13420,824],{"class":75},[61,13422,717],{"class":75},[61,13424,198],{"class":190},[61,13426,819],{"class":194},[61,13428,198],{"class":190},[61,13430,824],{"class":75},[61,13432,191],{"class":190},[61,13434,829],{"class":194},[61,13436,198],{"class":190},[61,13438,83],{"class":75},[61,13440,191],{"class":190},[61,13442,13248],{"class":194},[61,13444,198],{"class":190},[61,13446,824],{"class":75},[61,13448,76],{"class":75},[61,13450,13257],{"class":79},[61,13452,83],{"class":75},[61,13454,13262],{"class":79},[61,13456,83],{"class":75},[61,13458,9870],{"class":79},[61,13460,13461],{"class":75},"]}\n",[61,13463,13464,13466,13468,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13465,13128],{"class":67},[61,13467,824],{"class":75},[61,13469,717],{"class":75},[61,13471,198],{"class":190},[61,13473,819],{"class":194},[61,13475,198],{"class":190},[61,13477,824],{"class":75},[61,13479,191],{"class":190},[61,13481,829],{"class":194},[61,13483,198],{"class":190},[61,13485,83],{"class":75},[61,13487,191],{"class":190},[61,13489,13248],{"class":194},[61,13491,198],{"class":190},[61,13493,824],{"class":75},[61,13495,76],{"class":75},[61,13497,13257],{"class":79},[61,13499,83],{"class":75},[61,13501,13262],{"class":79},[61,13503,83],{"class":75},[61,13505,9870],{"class":79},[61,13507,13461],{"class":75},[61,13509,13510],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,13511,3799],{"class":3609},[61,13513,13514],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,13515,3738],{"class":3609},[14,13517,13518],{},"Notice the difference:",[26,13520,13521,13529],{},[29,13522,13523,4545,13526,13528],{},[18,13524,13525],{},"student is student_copy",[18,13527,3431],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[29,13530,13531,4545,13534,13536],{},[18,13532,13533],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[18,13535,3361],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13538,13539],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13541,13542,13543,244],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[235,13544,13546],{"href":13545},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[47,13548,4723,13550],{"id":13549},"when-to-use-copy",[18,13551,12532],{},[14,13553,204,13554,1193],{},[18,13555,12532],{},[26,13557,13558,13561,13564,13567],{},[29,13559,13560],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[29,13562,13563],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[29,13565,13566],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[29,13568,13569],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13571,1109],{},[52,13573,13575],{"className":54,"code":13574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[18,13576,13577,13616,13632,13636,13656,13660,13679],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13578,13579,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598,13600,13602,13604,13607,13609,13611,13614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13580,13581],{"class":67},"settings ",[61,13583,72],{"class":71},[61,13585,717],{"class":75},[61,13587,816],{"class":190},[61,13589,12249],{"class":194},[61,13591,816],{"class":190},[61,13593,824],{"class":75},[61,13595,522],{"class":190},[61,13597,12258],{"class":194},[61,13599,816],{"class":190},[61,13601,83],{"class":75},[61,13603,522],{"class":190},[61,13605,13606],{"class":194},"font_size",[61,13608,816],{"class":190},[61,13610,824],{"class":75},[61,13612,13613],{"class":79}," 14",[61,13615,730],{"class":75},[61,13617,13618,13621,13623,13626,13628,13630],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13619,13620],{"class":67},"settings_backup ",[61,13622,72],{"class":71},[61,13624,13625],{"class":67}," settings",[61,13627,244],{"class":75},[61,13629,12666],{"class":112},[61,13631,263],{"class":75},[61,13633,13634],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,13635,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,13637,13638,13641,13643,13645,13647,13649,13651,13653],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,13639,13640],{"class":67},"settings",[61,13642,3658],{"class":75},[61,13644,816],{"class":190},[61,13646,13606],{"class":194},[61,13648,816],{"class":190},[61,13650,13028],{"class":75},[61,13652,13031],{"class":71},[61,13654,13655],{"class":79}," 16\n",[61,13657,13658],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,13659,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,13661,13662,13664,13666,13668,13671,13673,13675,13677],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,13663,130],{"class":129},[61,13665,109],{"class":75},[61,13667,816],{"class":190},[61,13669,13670],{"class":194},"Current:",[61,13672,816],{"class":190},[61,13674,83],{"class":75},[61,13676,13625],{"class":112},[61,13678,116],{"class":75},[61,13680,13681,13683,13685,13687,13690,13692,13694,13697],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,13682,130],{"class":129},[61,13684,109],{"class":75},[61,13686,816],{"class":190},[61,13688,13689],{"class":194},"Backup:",[61,13691,816],{"class":190},[61,13693,83],{"class":75},[61,13695,13696],{"class":112}," settings_backup",[61,13698,116],{"class":75},[14,13700,13701],{},[603,13702,157],{},[52,13704,13706],{"className":54,"code":13705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[18,13707,13708,13746],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13709,13710,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741,13744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13711,13712],{"class":67},"Current",[61,13714,824],{"class":75},[61,13716,717],{"class":75},[61,13718,198],{"class":190},[61,13720,12249],{"class":194},[61,13722,198],{"class":190},[61,13724,824],{"class":75},[61,13726,191],{"class":190},[61,13728,12258],{"class":194},[61,13730,198],{"class":190},[61,13732,83],{"class":75},[61,13734,191],{"class":190},[61,13736,13606],{"class":194},[61,13738,198],{"class":190},[61,13740,824],{"class":75},[61,13742,13743],{"class":79}," 16",[61,13745,730],{"class":75},[61,13747,13748,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13749,13750],{"class":67},"Backup",[61,13752,824],{"class":75},[61,13754,717],{"class":75},[61,13756,198],{"class":190},[61,13758,12249],{"class":194},[61,13760,198],{"class":190},[61,13762,824],{"class":75},[61,13764,191],{"class":190},[61,13766,12258],{"class":194},[61,13768,198],{"class":190},[61,13770,83],{"class":75},[61,13772,191],{"class":190},[61,13774,13606],{"class":194},[61,13776,198],{"class":190},[61,13778,824],{"class":75},[61,13780,13613],{"class":79},[61,13782,730],{"class":75},[14,13784,13785,13786,2638,13792,244],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[235,13787,13789],{"href":13788},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[18,13790,13791],{},"dict.update()",[235,13793,13794],{"href":12579},[18,13795,11080],{},[47,13797,13799,13801],{"id":13798},"copy-vs-assignment",[18,13800,12532],{}," vs assignment",[14,13803,13804],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,13806,8175,13807,601,13809,13811],{},[18,13808,72],{},[603,13810,605],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[408,13813,13815],{"id":13814},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[52,13817,13819],{"className":54,"code":13818,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[18,13820,13821,13853,13862,13866,13886,13890,13908,13928],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13822,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13824,11840],{"class":67},[61,13826,72],{"class":71},[61,13828,717],{"class":75},[61,13830,816],{"class":190},[61,13832,1936],{"class":194},[61,13834,816],{"class":190},[61,13836,824],{"class":75},[61,13838,680],{"class":79},[61,13840,83],{"class":75},[61,13842,522],{"class":190},[61,13844,11499],{"class":194},[61,13846,816],{"class":190},[61,13848,824],{"class":75},[61,13850,86],{"class":79},[61,13852,730],{"class":75},[61,13854,13855,13858,13860],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13856,13857],{"class":67},"assigned ",[61,13859,72],{"class":71},[61,13861,11878],{"class":67},[61,13863,13864],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,13865,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,13867,13868,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881,13883],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,13869,13870],{"class":67},"assigned",[61,13872,3658],{"class":75},[61,13874,816],{"class":190},[61,13876,1936],{"class":194},[61,13878,816],{"class":190},[61,13880,13028],{"class":75},[61,13882,13031],{"class":71},[61,13884,13885],{"class":79}," 99\n",[61,13887,13888],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,13889,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,13891,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904,13906],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,13893,130],{"class":129},[61,13895,109],{"class":75},[61,13897,816],{"class":190},[61,13899,13049],{"class":194},[61,13901,816],{"class":190},[61,13903,83],{"class":75},[61,13905,11915],{"class":112},[61,13907,116],{"class":75},[61,13909,13910,13912,13914,13916,13919,13921,13923,13926],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,13911,130],{"class":129},[61,13913,109],{"class":75},[61,13915,816],{"class":190},[61,13917,13918],{"class":194},"Assigned:",[61,13920,816],{"class":190},[61,13922,83],{"class":75},[61,13924,13925],{"class":112}," assigned",[61,13927,116],{"class":75},[61,13929,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938,13940],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,13931,130],{"class":129},[61,13933,109],{"class":75},[61,13935,11840],{"class":112},[61,13937,11948],{"class":3634},[61,13939,13925],{"class":112},[61,13941,116],{"class":75},[14,13943,13944],{},[603,13945,157],{},[52,13947,13949],{"className":54,"code":13948,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[18,13950,13951,13983,14016],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13952,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13954,13091],{"class":67},[61,13956,824],{"class":75},[61,13958,717],{"class":75},[61,13960,198],{"class":190},[61,13962,1936],{"class":194},[61,13964,198],{"class":190},[61,13966,824],{"class":75},[61,13968,9949],{"class":79},[61,13970,83],{"class":75},[61,13972,191],{"class":190},[61,13974,11499],{"class":194},[61,13976,198],{"class":190},[61,13978,824],{"class":75},[61,13980,86],{"class":79},[61,13982,730],{"class":75},[61,13984,13985,13988,13990,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,13986,13987],{"class":67},"Assigned",[61,13989,824],{"class":75},[61,13991,717],{"class":75},[61,13993,198],{"class":190},[61,13995,1936],{"class":194},[61,13997,198],{"class":190},[61,13999,824],{"class":75},[61,14001,9949],{"class":79},[61,14003,83],{"class":75},[61,14005,191],{"class":190},[61,14007,11499],{"class":194},[61,14009,198],{"class":190},[61,14011,824],{"class":75},[61,14013,86],{"class":79},[61,14015,730],{"class":75},[61,14017,14018],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,14019,3738],{"class":3609},[408,14021,8175,14023],{"id":14022},"using-copy",[18,14024,12532],{},[52,14026,14028],{"className":54,"code":14027,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,14029,14030,14062,14077,14081,14100,14104,14122,14142],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14031,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14033,11840],{"class":67},[61,14035,72],{"class":71},[61,14037,717],{"class":75},[61,14039,816],{"class":190},[61,14041,1936],{"class":194},[61,14043,816],{"class":190},[61,14045,824],{"class":75},[61,14047,680],{"class":79},[61,14049,83],{"class":75},[61,14051,522],{"class":190},[61,14053,11499],{"class":194},[61,14055,816],{"class":190},[61,14057,824],{"class":75},[61,14059,86],{"class":79},[61,14061,730],{"class":75},[61,14063,14064,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14065,14066],{"class":67},"copied ",[61,14068,72],{"class":71},[61,14070,11915],{"class":67},[61,14072,244],{"class":75},[61,14074,12666],{"class":112},[61,14076,263],{"class":75},[61,14078,14079],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,14080,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,14082,14083,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,14084,14085],{"class":67},"copied",[61,14087,3658],{"class":75},[61,14089,816],{"class":190},[61,14091,1936],{"class":194},[61,14093,816],{"class":190},[61,14095,13028],{"class":75},[61,14097,13031],{"class":71},[61,14099,13885],{"class":79},[61,14101,14102],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,14103,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,14105,14106,14108,14110,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,14107,130],{"class":129},[61,14109,109],{"class":75},[61,14111,816],{"class":190},[61,14113,13049],{"class":194},[61,14115,816],{"class":190},[61,14117,83],{"class":75},[61,14119,11915],{"class":112},[61,14121,116],{"class":75},[61,14123,14124,14126,14128,14130,14133,14135,14137,14140],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,14125,130],{"class":129},[61,14127,109],{"class":75},[61,14129,816],{"class":190},[61,14131,14132],{"class":194},"Copied:",[61,14134,816],{"class":190},[61,14136,83],{"class":75},[61,14138,14139],{"class":112}," copied",[61,14141,116],{"class":75},[61,14143,14144,14146,14148,14150,14152,14154],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,14145,130],{"class":129},[61,14147,109],{"class":75},[61,14149,11840],{"class":112},[61,14151,11948],{"class":3634},[61,14153,14139],{"class":112},[61,14155,116],{"class":75},[14,14157,14158],{},[603,14159,157],{},[52,14161,14163],{"className":54,"code":14162,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,14164,14165,14197,14230],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14166,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193,14195],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14168,13091],{"class":67},[61,14170,824],{"class":75},[61,14172,717],{"class":75},[61,14174,198],{"class":190},[61,14176,1936],{"class":194},[61,14178,198],{"class":190},[61,14180,824],{"class":75},[61,14182,680],{"class":79},[61,14184,83],{"class":75},[61,14186,191],{"class":190},[61,14188,11499],{"class":194},[61,14190,198],{"class":190},[61,14192,824],{"class":75},[61,14194,86],{"class":79},[61,14196,730],{"class":75},[61,14198,14199,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14200,14201],{"class":67},"Copied",[61,14203,824],{"class":75},[61,14205,717],{"class":75},[61,14207,198],{"class":190},[61,14209,1936],{"class":194},[61,14211,198],{"class":190},[61,14213,824],{"class":75},[61,14215,9949],{"class":79},[61,14217,83],{"class":75},[61,14219,191],{"class":190},[61,14221,11499],{"class":194},[61,14223,198],{"class":190},[61,14225,824],{"class":75},[61,14227,86],{"class":79},[61,14229,730],{"class":75},[61,14231,14232],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,14233,3799],{"class":3609},[14,14235,14236],{},"Summary:",[26,14238,14239,14245],{},[29,14240,14241,14244],{},[18,14242,14243],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[29,14246,14247,14250],{},[18,14248,14249],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[47,14252,14254],{"id":14253},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14256,14257,824],{},[18,14258,12532],{},[26,14260,14261,14264,14267,14270],{},[29,14262,14263],{},"Returns a dictionary",[29,14265,14266],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[29,14268,14269],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[29,14271,14272],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14274,1109],{},[52,14276,14278],{"className":54,"code":14277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[18,14279,14280,14312,14328,14332,14350,14370,14374,14392],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14281,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308,14310],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14283,1459],{"class":67},[61,14285,72],{"class":71},[61,14287,717],{"class":75},[61,14289,816],{"class":190},[61,14291,235],{"class":194},[61,14293,816],{"class":190},[61,14295,824],{"class":75},[61,14297,680],{"class":79},[61,14299,83],{"class":75},[61,14301,522],{"class":190},[61,14303,1480],{"class":194},[61,14305,816],{"class":190},[61,14307,824],{"class":75},[61,14309,86],{"class":79},[61,14311,730],{"class":75},[61,14313,14314,14317,14319,14322,14324,14326],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14315,14316],{"class":67},"data_copy ",[61,14318,72],{"class":71},[61,14320,14321],{"class":67}," data",[61,14323,244],{"class":75},[61,14325,12666],{"class":112},[61,14327,263],{"class":75},[61,14329,14330],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,14331,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,14333,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,14335,1501],{"class":67},[61,14337,3658],{"class":75},[61,14339,816],{"class":190},[61,14341,235],{"class":194},[61,14343,816],{"class":190},[61,14345,13028],{"class":75},[61,14347,13031],{"class":71},[61,14349,2346],{"class":79},[61,14351,14352,14355,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,14353,14354],{"class":67},"data_copy",[61,14356,3658],{"class":75},[61,14358,816],{"class":190},[61,14360,1480],{"class":194},[61,14362,816],{"class":190},[61,14364,13028],{"class":75},[61,14366,13031],{"class":71},[61,14368,14369],{"class":79}," 20\n",[61,14371,14372],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,14373,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,14375,14376,14378,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,14377,130],{"class":129},[61,14379,109],{"class":75},[61,14381,816],{"class":190},[61,14383,13049],{"class":194},[61,14385,816],{"class":190},[61,14387,83],{"class":75},[61,14389,14321],{"class":112},[61,14391,116],{"class":75},[61,14393,14394,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406,14409],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,14395,130],{"class":129},[61,14397,109],{"class":75},[61,14399,816],{"class":190},[61,14401,13068],{"class":194},[61,14403,816],{"class":190},[61,14405,83],{"class":75},[61,14407,14408],{"class":112}," data_copy",[61,14410,116],{"class":75},[14,14412,14413],{},[603,14414,157],{},[52,14416,14418],{"className":54,"code":14417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[18,14419,14420,14452],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14421,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14423,13091],{"class":67},[61,14425,824],{"class":75},[61,14427,717],{"class":75},[61,14429,198],{"class":190},[61,14431,235],{"class":194},[61,14433,198],{"class":190},[61,14435,824],{"class":75},[61,14437,5763],{"class":79},[61,14439,83],{"class":75},[61,14441,191],{"class":190},[61,14443,1480],{"class":194},[61,14445,198],{"class":190},[61,14447,824],{"class":75},[61,14449,86],{"class":79},[61,14451,730],{"class":75},[61,14453,14454,14456,14458,14460,14462,14464,14466,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14455,13128],{"class":67},[61,14457,824],{"class":75},[61,14459,717],{"class":75},[61,14461,198],{"class":190},[61,14463,235],{"class":194},[61,14465,198],{"class":190},[61,14467,824],{"class":75},[61,14469,680],{"class":79},[61,14471,83],{"class":75},[61,14473,191],{"class":190},[61,14475,1480],{"class":194},[61,14477,198],{"class":190},[61,14479,824],{"class":75},[61,14481,435],{"class":79},[61,14483,730],{"class":75},[47,14485,2590],{"id":2589},[14,14487,14488,14489,824],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[18,14490,12189],{},[26,14492,14493,14500,14505,14510],{},[29,14494,8175,14495,10844,14497,14499],{},[18,14496,72],{},[18,14498,12532],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[29,14501,4341,14502,14504],{},[18,14503,12532],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[29,14506,14507,14508],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[18,14509,12532],{},[29,14511,14512],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14514,14515],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[52,14517,14519],{"className":54,"code":14518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[18,14520,14521,14531,14541,14555,14578,14601],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14522,14523,14525,14527,14529],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14524,130],{"class":129},[61,14526,109],{"class":75},[61,14528,11887],{"class":112},[61,14530,116],{"class":75},[61,14532,14533,14535,14537,14539],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14534,130],{"class":129},[61,14536,109],{"class":75},[61,14538,14085],{"class":112},[61,14540,116],{"class":75},[61,14542,14543,14545,14547,14549,14551,14553],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,14544,130],{"class":129},[61,14546,109],{"class":75},[61,14548,11840],{"class":112},[61,14550,11948],{"class":3634},[61,14552,14139],{"class":112},[61,14554,116],{"class":75},[61,14556,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14572,14574,14576],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,14558,130],{"class":129},[61,14560,109],{"class":75},[61,14562,12404],{"class":129},[61,14564,109],{"class":75},[61,14566,11887],{"class":112},[61,14568,1045],{"class":75},[61,14570,14571],{"class":129}," id",[61,14573,109],{"class":75},[61,14575,14085],{"class":112},[61,14577,154],{"class":75},[61,14579,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14597,14599],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,14581,130],{"class":129},[61,14583,109],{"class":75},[61,14585,12404],{"class":129},[61,14587,109],{"class":75},[61,14589,11887],{"class":112},[61,14591,3658],{"class":75},[61,14593,816],{"class":190},[61,14595,14596],{"class":194},"key",[61,14598,816],{"class":190},[61,14600,2758],{"class":75},[61,14602,14603,14605,14607,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,14604,130],{"class":129},[61,14606,109],{"class":75},[61,14608,12404],{"class":129},[61,14610,109],{"class":75},[61,14612,14085],{"class":112},[61,14614,3658],{"class":75},[61,14616,816],{"class":190},[61,14618,14596],{"class":194},[61,14620,816],{"class":190},[61,14622,2758],{"class":75},[14,14624,14625],{},"What these help you check:",[26,14627,14628,14631,14634],{},[29,14629,14630],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[29,14632,14633],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[29,14635,14636],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,14638,14639,14640,244],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[235,14641,14643],{"href":14642},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[47,14645,1620],{"id":1619},[408,14647,12459,14649,14651],{"id":14648},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,14650,12189],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,14653,14654],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[408,14656,14658,14659,14661],{"id":14657},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[18,14660,12189],{}," a deep copy?",[14,14663,14664],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[408,14666,4943,14668,4154,14670,2251],{"id":14667},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[18,14669,12532],{},[18,14671,72],{},[14,14673,14674,14676,14677,14679],{},[18,14675,12532],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[18,14678,72],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[408,14681,14683],{"id":14682},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,14685,14686],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[47,14688,1664],{"id":1663},[26,14690,14691,14695,14699,14703,14710,14716],{},[29,14692,14693],{},[235,14694,10995],{"href":12781},[29,14696,14697],{},[235,14698,8914],{"href":12778},[29,14700,14701],{},[235,14702,13546],{"href":13545},[29,14704,14705],{},[235,14706,10488,14707,10492],{"href":13788},[18,14708,14709],{},"update()",[29,14711,14712],{},[235,14713,10488,14714,10492],{"href":12579},[18,14715,11074],{},[29,14717,14718],{},[235,14719,14720],{"href":14642},"How to copy a list in Python",[1693,14722,14723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":14725},[14726,14727,14729,14730,14731,14732,14734,14740,14741,14742,14751],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":12750,"depth":97,"text":14728},"What the copy() method does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":13188,"depth":97,"text":13189},{"id":13549,"depth":97,"text":14733},"When to use copy()",{"id":13798,"depth":97,"text":14735,"children":14736},"copy() vs assignment",[14737,14738],{"id":13814,"depth":119,"text":13815},{"id":14022,"depth":119,"text":14739},"Using copy()",{"id":14253,"depth":97,"text":14254},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":14743},[14744,14746,14748,14750],{"id":14648,"depth":119,"text":14745},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14657,"depth":119,"text":14747},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14667,"depth":119,"text":14749},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14682,"depth":119,"text":14683},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12585,"description":14752},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14759,"title":14760,"body":14761,"description":16960,"extension":1727,"meta":16961,"navigation":122,"path":12781,"seo":16962,"stem":16963,"__hash__":16964},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14762,"toc":16922},[14763,14766,14772,14781,14783,14859,14863,14912,14915,14919,14933,14936,14940,14953,14956,14989,15003,15006,15018,15022,15025,15033,15113,15117,15170,15174,15192,15194,15276,15279,15281,15284,15287,15310,15334,15338,15346,15349,15353,15362,15367,15425,15429,15462,15468,15474,15477,15532,15536,15586,15589,15595,15598,15606,15608,15653,15658,15667,15670,15673,15720,15722,15727,15730,15824,15828,15881,15884,15940,15943,15947,15950,15964,15968,16034,16038,16063,16066,16070,16148,16152,16155,16158,16178,16181,16234,16238,16241,16244,16257,16259,16348,16355,16358,16369,16371,16374,16394,16398,16401,16410,16413,16452,16456,16458,16467,16476,16478,16516,16520,16567,16571,16592,16596,16599,16711,16716,16814,16836,16838,16842,16849,16853,16859,16863,16866,16870,16873,16880,16888,16890,16916,16919],[10,14764,14760],{"id":14765},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,14767,14768,14769,14771],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[603,14770,8890],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,14773,14774,14775,2638,14777,244],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[235,14776,8914],{"href":8913},[235,14778,14780],{"href":14779},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[47,14782,50],{"id":49},[52,14784,14786],{"className":54,"code":14785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,14787,14788,14796,14814,14828,14841,14845,14849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14789,14790,14792,14794],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14791,12619],{"class":67},[61,14793,72],{"class":71},[61,14795,11246],{"class":75},[61,14797,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14799,11251],{"class":190},[61,14801,819],{"class":194},[61,14803,816],{"class":190},[61,14805,824],{"class":75},[61,14807,522],{"class":190},[61,14809,829],{"class":194},[61,14811,816],{"class":190},[61,14813,11267],{"class":75},[61,14815,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,14817,11251],{"class":190},[61,14819,838],{"class":194},[61,14821,816],{"class":190},[61,14823,824],{"class":75},[61,14825,435],{"class":79},[61,14827,11267],{"class":75},[61,14829,14830,14832,14835,14837,14839],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,14831,11251],{"class":190},[61,14833,14834],{"class":194},"is_active",[61,14836,816],{"class":190},[61,14838,824],{"class":75},[61,14840,6182],{"class":3609},[61,14842,14843],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,14844,730],{"class":75},[61,14846,14847],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,14848,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,14850,14851,14853,14855,14857],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,14852,130],{"class":129},[61,14854,109],{"class":75},[61,14856,13381],{"class":112},[61,14858,116],{"class":75},[14,14860,14861],{},[603,14862,157],{},[52,14864,14866],{"className":54,"code":14865,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[18,14867,14868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14869,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878,14880,14882,14884,14886,14888,14890,14892,14894,14896,14898,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14871,9033],{"class":75},[61,14873,198],{"class":190},[61,14875,819],{"class":194},[61,14877,198],{"class":190},[61,14879,824],{"class":75},[61,14881,191],{"class":190},[61,14883,829],{"class":194},[61,14885,198],{"class":190},[61,14887,83],{"class":75},[61,14889,191],{"class":190},[61,14891,838],{"class":194},[61,14893,198],{"class":190},[61,14895,824],{"class":75},[61,14897,435],{"class":79},[61,14899,83],{"class":75},[61,14901,191],{"class":190},[61,14903,14834],{"class":194},[61,14905,198],{"class":190},[61,14907,824],{"class":75},[61,14909,3674],{"class":3609},[61,14911,730],{"class":75},[14,14913,14914],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[47,14916,14918],{"id":14917},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[26,14920,14921,14924,14927,14930],{},[29,14922,14923],{},"What a dictionary is",[29,14925,14926],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[29,14928,14929],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[29,14931,14932],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[47,14934,14923],{"id":14935},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,14937,8887,14938,244],{},[603,14939,8890],{},[26,14941,14942,14948],{},[29,14943,14944,14945,14947],{},"A ",[603,14946,14596],{}," is the label",[29,14949,14944,14950,14952],{},[603,14951,1605],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,14954,14955],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[52,14957,14959],{"className":54,"code":14958,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[18,14960,14961,14969,14985],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14962,14963,14965,14967],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14964,12619],{"class":67},[61,14966,72],{"class":71},[61,14968,11246],{"class":75},[61,14970,14971,14973,14975,14977,14979,14981,14983],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,14972,11251],{"class":190},[61,14974,819],{"class":194},[61,14976,816],{"class":190},[61,14978,824],{"class":75},[61,14980,522],{"class":190},[61,14982,829],{"class":194},[61,14984,528],{"class":190},[61,14986,14987],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,14988,730],{"class":75},[26,14990,14991,14997],{},[29,14992,14993,14996],{},[18,14994,14995],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[29,14998,14999,15002],{},[18,15000,15001],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15004,15005],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[26,15007,15008,15010,15012,15015],{},[29,15009,819],{},[29,15011,838],{},[29,15013,15014],{},"email",[29,15016,15017],{},"country",[47,15019,15021],{"id":15020},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15023,15024],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15026,204,15027,15029,15030,244],{},[18,15028,3550],{}," and write each item as ",[18,15031,15032],{},"key: value",[52,15034,15036],{"className":54,"code":15035,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15037,15038,15046,15064,15078,15095,15099,15103],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15039,15040,15042,15044],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15041,12619],{"class":67},[61,15043,72],{"class":71},[61,15045,11246],{"class":75},[61,15047,15048,15050,15052,15054,15056,15058,15060,15062],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15049,11251],{"class":190},[61,15051,819],{"class":194},[61,15053,816],{"class":190},[61,15055,824],{"class":75},[61,15057,522],{"class":190},[61,15059,829],{"class":194},[61,15061,816],{"class":190},[61,15063,11267],{"class":75},[61,15065,15066,15068,15070,15072,15074,15076],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,15067,11251],{"class":190},[61,15069,838],{"class":194},[61,15071,816],{"class":190},[61,15073,824],{"class":75},[61,15075,435],{"class":79},[61,15077,11267],{"class":75},[61,15079,15080,15082,15085,15087,15089,15091,15093],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,15081,11251],{"class":190},[61,15083,15084],{"class":194},"course",[61,15086,816],{"class":190},[61,15088,824],{"class":75},[61,15090,522],{"class":190},[61,15092,7057],{"class":194},[61,15094,528],{"class":190},[61,15096,15097],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,15098,730],{"class":75},[61,15100,15101],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,15102,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,15104,15105,15107,15109,15111],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,15106,130],{"class":129},[61,15108,109],{"class":75},[61,15110,13381],{"class":112},[61,15112,116],{"class":75},[14,15114,15115],{},[603,15116,157],{},[52,15118,15120],{"className":54,"code":15119,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[18,15121,15122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15123,15124,15126,15128,15130,15132,15134,15136,15138,15140,15142,15144,15146,15148,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164,15166,15168],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15125,9033],{"class":75},[61,15127,198],{"class":190},[61,15129,819],{"class":194},[61,15131,198],{"class":190},[61,15133,824],{"class":75},[61,15135,191],{"class":190},[61,15137,829],{"class":194},[61,15139,198],{"class":190},[61,15141,83],{"class":75},[61,15143,191],{"class":190},[61,15145,838],{"class":194},[61,15147,198],{"class":190},[61,15149,824],{"class":75},[61,15151,435],{"class":79},[61,15153,83],{"class":75},[61,15155,191],{"class":190},[61,15157,15084],{"class":194},[61,15159,198],{"class":190},[61,15161,824],{"class":75},[61,15163,191],{"class":190},[61,15165,7057],{"class":194},[61,15167,198],{"class":190},[61,15169,730],{"class":75},[408,15171,15173],{"id":15172},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[26,15175,15176,15181,15186,15189],{},[29,15177,204,15178,15180],{},[18,15179,3550],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[29,15182,15183,15184],{},"Write each item as ",[18,15185,15032],{},[29,15187,15188],{},"Separate items with commas",[29,15190,15191],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15193,1109],{},[52,15195,15197],{"className":54,"code":15196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[18,15198,15199,15208,15228,15244,15257,15261,15265],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15200,15201,15204,15206],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15202,15203],{"class":67},"book ",[61,15205,72],{"class":71},[61,15207,11246],{"class":75},[61,15209,15210,15212,15215,15217,15219,15221,15224,15226],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15211,11251],{"class":190},[61,15213,15214],{"class":194},"title",[61,15216,816],{"class":190},[61,15218,824],{"class":75},[61,15220,522],{"class":190},[61,15222,15223],{"class":194},"Python Basics",[61,15225,816],{"class":190},[61,15227,11267],{"class":75},[61,15229,15230,15232,15235,15237,15239,15242],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,15231,11251],{"class":190},[61,15233,15234],{"class":194},"pages",[61,15236,816],{"class":190},[61,15238,824],{"class":75},[61,15240,15241],{"class":79}," 150",[61,15243,11267],{"class":75},[61,15245,15246,15248,15251,15253,15255],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,15247,11251],{"class":190},[61,15249,15250],{"class":194},"available",[61,15252,816],{"class":190},[61,15254,824],{"class":75},[61,15256,6182],{"class":3609},[61,15258,15259],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,15260,730],{"class":75},[61,15262,15263],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,15264,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,15266,15267,15269,15271,15274],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,15268,130],{"class":129},[61,15270,109],{"class":75},[61,15272,15273],{"class":112},"book",[61,15275,116],{"class":75},[14,15277,15278],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[47,15280,9155],{"id":9154},[14,15282,15283],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15285,15286],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[52,15288,15290],{"className":54,"code":15289,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[18,15291,15292,15300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15293,15294,15296,15298],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15295,1459],{"class":67},[61,15297,72],{"class":71},[61,15299,9590],{"class":75},[61,15301,15302,15304,15306,15308],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15303,130],{"class":129},[61,15305,109],{"class":75},[61,15307,1501],{"class":112},[61,15309,116],{"class":75},[52,15311,15312],{"className":54,"code":9158,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,15313,15314,15324],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15315,15316,15318,15320,15322],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15317,1459],{"class":67},[61,15319,72],{"class":71},[61,15321,8928],{"class":105},[61,15323,263],{"class":75},[61,15325,15326,15328,15330,15332],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15327,130],{"class":129},[61,15329,109],{"class":75},[61,15331,1501],{"class":112},[61,15333,116],{"class":75},[14,15335,15336],{},[603,15337,157],{},[52,15339,15340],{"className":54,"code":9187,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,15341,15342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15343,15344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15345,9187],{"class":75},[14,15347,15348],{},"Both are correct.",[408,15350,15352],{"id":15351},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15354,15355,15357,15358,15361],{},[18,15356,3550],{}," creates an empty ",[603,15359,15360],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15363,15364,15365,244],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[18,15366,3555],{},[52,15368,15370],{"className":54,"code":15369,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[18,15371,15372,15380,15392,15396,15410],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15373,15374,15376,15378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15375,11478],{"class":67},[61,15377,72],{"class":71},[61,15379,9590],{"class":75},[61,15381,15382,15385,15387,15390],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15383,15384],{"class":67},"my_set ",[61,15386,72],{"class":71},[61,15388,15389],{"class":105}," set",[61,15391,263],{"class":75},[61,15393,15394],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,15395,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,15397,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,15399,130],{"class":129},[61,15401,109],{"class":75},[61,15403,147],{"class":105},[61,15405,109],{"class":75},[61,15407,11203],{"class":112},[61,15409,154],{"class":75},[61,15411,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420,15423],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,15413,130],{"class":129},[61,15415,109],{"class":75},[61,15417,147],{"class":105},[61,15419,109],{"class":75},[61,15421,15422],{"class":112},"my_set",[61,15424,154],{"class":75},[14,15426,15427],{},[603,15428,157],{},[52,15430,15432],{"className":54,"code":15431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,15433,15434,15448],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15435,15436,15438,15440,15442,15444,15446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15437,183],{"class":71},[61,15439,187],{"class":186},[61,15441,191],{"class":190},[61,15443,8580],{"class":194},[61,15445,198],{"class":190},[61,15447,201],{"class":71},[61,15449,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15451,183],{"class":71},[61,15453,187],{"class":186},[61,15455,191],{"class":190},[61,15457,6046],{"class":194},[61,15459,198],{"class":190},[61,15461,201],{"class":71},[47,15463,15465,15466],{"id":15464},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[18,15467,8879],{},[14,15469,15470,15471,15473],{},"You can also use ",[18,15472,8879],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15475,15476],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[52,15478,15480],{"className":54,"code":15479,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[18,15481,15482,15522],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15483,15484,15486,15488,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504,15506,15508,15511,15513,15516,15518,15520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15485,12619],{"class":67},[61,15487,72],{"class":71},[61,15489,8928],{"class":105},[61,15491,109],{"class":75},[61,15493,819],{"class":8933},[61,15495,72],{"class":71},[61,15497,816],{"class":190},[61,15499,829],{"class":194},[61,15501,816],{"class":190},[61,15503,83],{"class":75},[61,15505,8946],{"class":8933},[61,15507,72],{"class":71},[61,15509,15510],{"class":79},"20",[61,15512,83],{"class":75},[61,15514,15515],{"class":8933}," active",[61,15517,72],{"class":71},[61,15519,3361],{"class":3609},[61,15521,116],{"class":75},[61,15523,15524,15526,15528,15530],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15525,130],{"class":129},[61,15527,109],{"class":75},[61,15529,13381],{"class":112},[61,15531,116],{"class":75},[14,15533,15534],{},[603,15535,157],{},[52,15537,15539],{"className":54,"code":15538,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[18,15540,15541],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15542,15543,15545,15547,15549,15551,15553,15555,15557,15559,15561,15563,15565,15567,15569,15571,15573,15575,15578,15580,15582,15584],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15544,9033],{"class":75},[61,15546,198],{"class":190},[61,15548,819],{"class":194},[61,15550,198],{"class":190},[61,15552,824],{"class":75},[61,15554,191],{"class":190},[61,15556,829],{"class":194},[61,15558,198],{"class":190},[61,15560,83],{"class":75},[61,15562,191],{"class":190},[61,15564,838],{"class":194},[61,15566,198],{"class":190},[61,15568,824],{"class":75},[61,15570,435],{"class":79},[61,15572,83],{"class":75},[61,15574,191],{"class":190},[61,15576,15577],{"class":194},"active",[61,15579,198],{"class":190},[61,15581,824],{"class":75},[61,15583,3674],{"class":3609},[61,15585,730],{"class":75},[14,15587,15588],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[408,15590,15592,15593],{"id":15591},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[18,15594,8879],{},[14,15596,15597],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[26,15599,15600,15603],{},[29,15601,15602],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[29,15604,15605],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,15607,6448],{},[52,15609,15611],{"className":54,"code":15610,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[18,15612,15613,15643],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15614,15615,15617,15619,15621,15623,15625,15627,15629,15631,15633,15635,15637,15639,15641],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15616,11241],{"class":67},[61,15618,72],{"class":71},[61,15620,8928],{"class":105},[61,15622,109],{"class":75},[61,15624,819],{"class":8933},[61,15626,72],{"class":71},[61,15628,816],{"class":190},[61,15630,7436],{"class":194},[61,15632,816],{"class":190},[61,15634,83],{"class":75},[61,15636,8946],{"class":8933},[61,15638,72],{"class":71},[61,15640,8951],{"class":79},[61,15642,116],{"class":75},[61,15644,15645,15647,15649,15651],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15646,130],{"class":129},[61,15648,109],{"class":75},[61,15650,11335],{"class":112},[61,15652,116],{"class":75},[14,15654,4390,15655,15657],{},[603,15656,605],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[52,15659,15661],{"className":54,"code":15660,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,15662,15663],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15664,15665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15666,15660],{"class":3420},[14,15668,15669],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,15671,15672],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[52,15674,15676],{"className":54,"code":15675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[18,15677,15678,15686,15702,15706,15710],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15679,15680,15682,15684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15681,11241],{"class":67},[61,15683,72],{"class":71},[61,15685,11246],{"class":75},[61,15687,15688,15690,15692,15694,15696,15698,15700],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15689,11251],{"class":190},[61,15691,10247],{"class":194},[61,15693,816],{"class":190},[61,15695,824],{"class":75},[61,15697,522],{"class":190},[61,15699,7436],{"class":194},[61,15701,528],{"class":190},[61,15703,15704],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,15705,730],{"class":75},[61,15707,15708],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,15709,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,15711,15712,15714,15716,15718],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,15713,130],{"class":129},[61,15715,109],{"class":75},[61,15717,11335],{"class":112},[61,15719,116],{"class":75},[47,15721,9197],{"id":9196},[14,15723,15724,15726],{},[18,15725,8879],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,15728,15729],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[52,15731,15733],{"className":54,"code":15732,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15734,15735,15792,15796,15810,15814],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15736,15737,15739,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761,15763,15765,15767,15769,15771,15773,15775,15777,15779,15781,15783,15785,15788,15790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15738,8972],{"class":67},[61,15740,72],{"class":71},[61,15742,8977],{"class":75},[61,15744,816],{"class":190},[61,15746,819],{"class":194},[61,15748,816],{"class":190},[61,15750,83],{"class":75},[61,15752,522],{"class":190},[61,15754,829],{"class":194},[61,15756,816],{"class":190},[61,15758,1045],{"class":75},[61,15760,1048],{"class":75},[61,15762,816],{"class":190},[61,15764,838],{"class":194},[61,15766,816],{"class":190},[61,15768,83],{"class":75},[61,15770,435],{"class":79},[61,15772,1045],{"class":75},[61,15774,1048],{"class":75},[61,15776,816],{"class":190},[61,15778,10161],{"class":194},[61,15780,816],{"class":190},[61,15782,83],{"class":75},[61,15784,522],{"class":190},[61,15786,15787],{"class":194},"Lima",[61,15789,816],{"class":190},[61,15791,9004],{"class":75},[61,15793,15794],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15795,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,15797,15798,15800,15802,15804,15806,15808],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,15799,12619],{"class":67},[61,15801,72],{"class":71},[61,15803,8928],{"class":105},[61,15805,109],{"class":75},[61,15807,9017],{"class":112},[61,15809,116],{"class":75},[61,15811,15812],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,15813,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,15815,15816,15818,15820,15822],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,15817,130],{"class":129},[61,15819,109],{"class":75},[61,15821,13381],{"class":112},[61,15823,116],{"class":75},[14,15825,15826],{},[603,15827,157],{},[52,15829,15831],{"className":54,"code":15830,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,15832,15833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15834,15835,15837,15839,15841,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857,15859,15861,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15836,9033],{"class":75},[61,15838,198],{"class":190},[61,15840,819],{"class":194},[61,15842,198],{"class":190},[61,15844,824],{"class":75},[61,15846,191],{"class":190},[61,15848,829],{"class":194},[61,15850,198],{"class":190},[61,15852,83],{"class":75},[61,15854,191],{"class":190},[61,15856,838],{"class":194},[61,15858,198],{"class":190},[61,15860,824],{"class":75},[61,15862,435],{"class":79},[61,15864,83],{"class":75},[61,15866,191],{"class":190},[61,15868,10161],{"class":194},[61,15870,198],{"class":190},[61,15872,824],{"class":75},[61,15874,191],{"class":190},[61,15876,15787],{"class":194},[61,15878,198],{"class":190},[61,15880,730],{"class":75},[14,15882,15883],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[52,15885,15887],{"className":54,"code":15886,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[18,15888,15889,15930],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15890,15891,15893,15895,15897,15900,15902,15904,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15892,12619],{"class":67},[61,15894,72],{"class":71},[61,15896,8928],{"class":105},[61,15898,15899],{"class":75},"(((",[61,15901,816],{"class":190},[61,15903,819],{"class":194},[61,15905,816],{"class":190},[61,15907,83],{"class":75},[61,15909,522],{"class":190},[61,15911,829],{"class":194},[61,15913,816],{"class":190},[61,15915,1045],{"class":75},[61,15917,1048],{"class":75},[61,15919,816],{"class":190},[61,15921,838],{"class":194},[61,15923,816],{"class":190},[61,15925,83],{"class":75},[61,15927,435],{"class":79},[61,15929,2672],{"class":75},[61,15931,15932,15934,15936,15938],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15933,130],{"class":129},[61,15935,109],{"class":75},[61,15937,13381],{"class":112},[61,15939,116],{"class":75},[14,15941,15942],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[47,15944,15946],{"id":15945},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,15948,15949],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[26,15951,15952,15955,15958,15961],{},[29,15953,15954],{},"Keys must be unique",[29,15956,15957],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[29,15959,15960],{},"Values can repeat",[29,15962,15963],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[408,15965,15967],{"id":15966},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[52,15969,15971],{"className":54,"code":15970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,15972,15973,15981,15999,16016,16020,16024],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15974,15975,15977,15979],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15976,1459],{"class":67},[61,15978,72],{"class":71},[61,15980,11246],{"class":75},[61,15982,15983,15985,15987,15989,15991,15993,15995,15997],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,15984,11251],{"class":190},[61,15986,819],{"class":194},[61,15988,816],{"class":190},[61,15990,824],{"class":75},[61,15992,522],{"class":190},[61,15994,829],{"class":194},[61,15996,816],{"class":190},[61,15998,11267],{"class":75},[61,16000,16001,16003,16005,16007,16009,16011,16014],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,16002,11251],{"class":190},[61,16004,819],{"class":194},[61,16006,816],{"class":190},[61,16008,824],{"class":75},[61,16010,522],{"class":190},[61,16012,16013],{"class":194},"Maria",[61,16015,528],{"class":190},[61,16017,16018],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,16019,730],{"class":75},[61,16021,16022],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,16023,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,16025,16026,16028,16030,16032],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,16027,130],{"class":129},[61,16029,109],{"class":75},[61,16031,1501],{"class":112},[61,16033,116],{"class":75},[14,16035,16036],{},[603,16037,157],{},[52,16039,16041],{"className":54,"code":16040,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[18,16042,16043],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16044,16045,16047,16049,16051,16053,16055,16057,16059,16061],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16046,9033],{"class":75},[61,16048,198],{"class":190},[61,16050,819],{"class":194},[61,16052,198],{"class":190},[61,16054,824],{"class":75},[61,16056,191],{"class":190},[61,16058,16013],{"class":194},[61,16060,198],{"class":190},[61,16062,730],{"class":75},[14,16064,16065],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[408,16067,16069],{"id":16068},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[52,16071,16073],{"className":54,"code":16072,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[18,16074,16075,16083,16099,16115,16129,16133,16137],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16076,16077,16079,16081],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16078,4826],{"class":67},[61,16080,72],{"class":71},[61,16082,11246],{"class":75},[61,16084,16085,16088,16090,16092,16095,16097],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16086,16087],{"class":79},"    1",[61,16089,824],{"class":75},[61,16091,522],{"class":190},[61,16093,16094],{"class":194},"low",[61,16096,816],{"class":190},[61,16098,11267],{"class":75},[61,16100,16101,16104,16106,16108,16111,16113],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,16102,16103],{"class":79},"    2",[61,16105,824],{"class":75},[61,16107,522],{"class":190},[61,16109,16110],{"class":194},"medium",[61,16112,816],{"class":190},[61,16114,11267],{"class":75},[61,16116,16117,16120,16122,16124,16127],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,16118,16119],{"class":79},"    3",[61,16121,824],{"class":75},[61,16123,522],{"class":190},[61,16125,16126],{"class":194},"high",[61,16128,528],{"class":190},[61,16130,16131],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,16132,730],{"class":75},[61,16134,16135],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,16136,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,16138,16139,16141,16143,16146],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,16140,130],{"class":129},[61,16142,109],{"class":75},[61,16144,16145],{"class":112},"scores",[61,16147,116],{"class":75},[408,16149,16151],{"id":16150},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16153,16154],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16156,16157],{},"This will cause an error:",[52,16159,16161],{"className":54,"code":16160,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[18,16162,16163,16168,16173],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16164,16165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16166,16167],{"class":3420},"# bad = {\n",[61,16169,16170],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16171,16172],{"class":3420},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[61,16174,16175],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,16176,16177],{"class":3420},"# }\n",[14,16179,16180],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[52,16182,16184],{"className":54,"code":16183,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[18,16185,16186,16195,16215,16219,16223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16187,16188,16191,16193],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16189,16190],{"class":67},"good ",[61,16192,72],{"class":71},[61,16194,11246],{"class":75},[61,16196,16197,16200,16202,16204,16206,16209,16211,16213],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16198,16199],{"class":75},"    (",[61,16201,80],{"class":79},[61,16203,83],{"class":75},[61,16205,86],{"class":79},[61,16207,16208],{"class":75},"):",[61,16210,522],{"class":190},[61,16212,113],{"class":194},[61,16214,528],{"class":190},[61,16216,16217],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,16218,730],{"class":75},[61,16220,16221],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,16222,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,16224,16225,16227,16229,16232],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,16226,130],{"class":129},[61,16228,109],{"class":75},[61,16230,16231],{"class":112},"good",[61,16233,116],{"class":75},[47,16235,16237],{"id":16236},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16239,16240],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16242,16243],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[26,16245,16246,16249,16251,16254],{},[29,16247,16248],{},"user data",[29,16250,13640],{},[29,16252,16253],{},"counters",[29,16255,16256],{},"lookups",[14,16258,1109],{},[52,16260,16262],{"className":54,"code":16261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[18,16263,16264,16272,16291,16310,16322,16326,16330],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16265,16266,16268,16270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16267,11241],{"class":67},[61,16269,72],{"class":71},[61,16271,11246],{"class":75},[61,16273,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16287,16289],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16275,11251],{"class":190},[61,16277,7743],{"class":194},[61,16279,816],{"class":190},[61,16281,824],{"class":75},[61,16283,522],{"class":190},[61,16285,16286],{"class":194},"ana123",[61,16288,816],{"class":190},[61,16290,11267],{"class":75},[61,16292,16293,16295,16297,16299,16301,16303,16306,16308],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,16294,11251],{"class":190},[61,16296,15014],{"class":194},[61,16298,816],{"class":190},[61,16300,824],{"class":75},[61,16302,522],{"class":190},[61,16304,16305],{"class":194},"ana@example.com",[61,16307,816],{"class":190},[61,16309,11267],{"class":75},[61,16311,16312,16314,16316,16318,16320],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,16313,11251],{"class":190},[61,16315,12269],{"class":194},[61,16317,816],{"class":190},[61,16319,824],{"class":75},[61,16321,6182],{"class":3609},[61,16323,16324],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,16325,730],{"class":75},[61,16327,16328],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,16329,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,16331,16332,16334,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,16333,130],{"class":129},[61,16335,109],{"class":75},[61,16337,11335],{"class":112},[61,16339,3658],{"class":75},[61,16341,816],{"class":190},[61,16343,15014],{"class":194},[61,16345,816],{"class":190},[61,16347,1137],{"class":75},[14,16349,16350,16351,244],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[235,16352,16354],{"href":16353},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16356,16357],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[26,16359,16360,16363,16366],{},[29,16361,16362],{},"labels are not needed",[29,16364,16365],{},"you mostly care about position",[29,16367,16368],{},"order matters more than named fields",[47,16370,2590],{"id":2589},[14,16372,16373],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[26,16375,16376,16379,16382,16385,16388],{},[29,16377,16378],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[29,16380,16381],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[29,16383,16384],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[29,16386,16387],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[29,16389,16390,16391,16393],{},"Mixing up ",[18,16392,3550],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[408,16395,16397],{"id":16396},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16399,16400],{},"Wrong:",[52,16402,16404],{"className":54,"code":16403,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16405,16406],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16407,16408],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16409,16403],{"class":3420},[14,16411,16412],{},"Correct:",[52,16414,16416],{"className":54,"code":16415,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[18,16417,16418,16442],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16419,16420,16422,16424,16426,16428,16430,16432,16434,16436,16438,16440],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16421,12619],{"class":67},[61,16423,72],{"class":71},[61,16425,717],{"class":75},[61,16427,816],{"class":190},[61,16429,819],{"class":194},[61,16431,816],{"class":190},[61,16433,824],{"class":75},[61,16435,522],{"class":190},[61,16437,829],{"class":194},[61,16439,816],{"class":190},[61,16441,730],{"class":75},[61,16443,16444,16446,16448,16450],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16445,130],{"class":129},[61,16447,109],{"class":75},[61,16449,13381],{"class":112},[61,16451,116],{"class":75},[408,16453,16455],{"id":16454},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16457,16400],{},[52,16459,16461],{"className":54,"code":16460,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16462,16463],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16464,16465],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16466,16460],{"class":3420},[14,16468,16469,16470,16472,16473,16475],{},"This only works if ",[18,16471,819],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[18,16474,14995],{},", use quotes.",[14,16477,16412],{},[52,16479,16480],{"className":54,"code":16415,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,16481,16482,16506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16483,16484,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494,16496,16498,16500,16502,16504],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16485,12619],{"class":67},[61,16487,72],{"class":71},[61,16489,717],{"class":75},[61,16491,816],{"class":190},[61,16493,819],{"class":194},[61,16495,816],{"class":190},[61,16497,824],{"class":75},[61,16499,522],{"class":190},[61,16501,829],{"class":194},[61,16503,816],{"class":190},[61,16505,730],{"class":75},[61,16507,16508,16510,16512,16514],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16509,130],{"class":129},[61,16511,109],{"class":75},[61,16513,13381],{"class":112},[61,16515,116],{"class":75},[408,16517,16519],{"id":16518},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[52,16521,16523],{"className":54,"code":16522,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[18,16524,16525,16557],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16526,16527,16529,16531,16533,16535,16537,16539,16541,16543,16545,16547,16549,16551,16553,16555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16528,1459],{"class":67},[61,16530,72],{"class":71},[61,16532,717],{"class":75},[61,16534,816],{"class":190},[61,16536,838],{"class":194},[61,16538,816],{"class":190},[61,16540,824],{"class":75},[61,16542,435],{"class":79},[61,16544,83],{"class":75},[61,16546,522],{"class":190},[61,16548,838],{"class":194},[61,16550,816],{"class":190},[61,16552,824],{"class":75},[61,16554,440],{"class":79},[61,16556,730],{"class":75},[61,16558,16559,16561,16563,16565],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16560,130],{"class":129},[61,16562,109],{"class":75},[61,16564,1501],{"class":112},[61,16566,116],{"class":75},[14,16568,16569],{},[603,16570,157],{},[52,16572,16574],{"className":54,"code":16573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'age': 30}\n",[18,16575,16576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16577,16578,16580,16582,16584,16586,16588,16590],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16579,9033],{"class":75},[61,16581,198],{"class":190},[61,16583,838],{"class":194},[61,16585,198],{"class":190},[61,16587,824],{"class":75},[61,16589,440],{"class":79},[61,16591,730],{"class":75},[47,16593,16595],{"id":16594},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16597,16598],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[52,16600,16602],{"className":54,"code":16601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[18,16603,16604,16640,16644,16654,16668,16683,16697],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16605,16606,16608,16610,16612,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628,16630,16632,16634,16636,16638],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16607,11478],{"class":67},[61,16609,72],{"class":71},[61,16611,717],{"class":75},[61,16613,816],{"class":190},[61,16615,819],{"class":194},[61,16617,816],{"class":190},[61,16619,824],{"class":75},[61,16621,522],{"class":190},[61,16623,829],{"class":194},[61,16625,816],{"class":190},[61,16627,83],{"class":75},[61,16629,522],{"class":190},[61,16631,838],{"class":194},[61,16633,816],{"class":190},[61,16635,824],{"class":75},[61,16637,435],{"class":79},[61,16639,730],{"class":75},[61,16641,16642],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16643,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,16645,16646,16648,16650,16652],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,16647,130],{"class":129},[61,16649,109],{"class":75},[61,16651,11203],{"class":112},[61,16653,116],{"class":75},[61,16655,16656,16658,16660,16662,16664,16666],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,16657,130],{"class":129},[61,16659,109],{"class":75},[61,16661,147],{"class":105},[61,16663,109],{"class":75},[61,16665,11203],{"class":112},[61,16667,154],{"class":75},[61,16669,16670,16672,16674,16676,16678,16681],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,16671,130],{"class":129},[61,16673,109],{"class":75},[61,16675,11203],{"class":112},[61,16677,244],{"class":75},[61,16679,16680],{"class":112},"keys",[61,16682,6955],{"class":75},[61,16684,16685,16687,16689,16691,16693,16695],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,16686,130],{"class":129},[61,16688,109],{"class":75},[61,16690,11203],{"class":112},[61,16692,244],{"class":75},[61,16694,743],{"class":112},[61,16696,6955],{"class":75},[61,16698,16699,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,16700,130],{"class":129},[61,16702,109],{"class":75},[61,16704,10914],{"class":129},[61,16706,109],{"class":75},[61,16708,11203],{"class":112},[61,16710,154],{"class":75},[14,16712,16713],{},[603,16714,16715],{},"Example output:",[52,16717,16719],{"className":54,"code":16718,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[18,16720,16721,16753,16767,16790,16809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16722,16723,16725,16727,16729,16731,16733,16735,16737,16739,16741,16743,16745,16747,16749,16751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16724,9033],{"class":75},[61,16726,198],{"class":190},[61,16728,819],{"class":194},[61,16730,198],{"class":190},[61,16732,824],{"class":75},[61,16734,191],{"class":190},[61,16736,829],{"class":194},[61,16738,198],{"class":190},[61,16740,83],{"class":75},[61,16742,191],{"class":190},[61,16744,838],{"class":194},[61,16746,198],{"class":190},[61,16748,824],{"class":75},[61,16750,435],{"class":79},[61,16752,730],{"class":75},[61,16754,16755,16757,16759,16761,16763,16765],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,16756,183],{"class":71},[61,16758,187],{"class":186},[61,16760,191],{"class":190},[61,16762,8580],{"class":194},[61,16764,198],{"class":190},[61,16766,201],{"class":71},[61,16768,16769,16772,16774,16776,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786,16788],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,16770,16771],{"class":112},"dict_keys",[61,16773,1126],{"class":75},[61,16775,198],{"class":190},[61,16777,819],{"class":194},[61,16779,198],{"class":190},[61,16781,83],{"class":75},[61,16783,191],{"class":190},[61,16785,838],{"class":194},[61,16787,198],{"class":190},[61,16789,1137],{"class":75},[61,16791,16792,16795,16797,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,16793,16794],{"class":112},"dict_values",[61,16796,1126],{"class":75},[61,16798,198],{"class":190},[61,16800,829],{"class":194},[61,16802,198],{"class":190},[61,16804,83],{"class":75},[61,16806,435],{"class":79},[61,16808,1137],{"class":75},[61,16810,16811],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,16812,16813],{"class":79},"2\n",[14,16815,16816,16817,1951,16823,16829,16830,244],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[235,16818,10488,16820],{"href":16819},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[18,16821,16822],{},"keys()",[235,16824,10488,16826],{"href":16825},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[18,16827,16828],{},"values()",", and ",[235,16831,10488,16833],{"href":16832},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[18,16834,16835],{},"items()",[47,16837,1620],{"id":1619},[408,16839,16841],{"id":16840},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,16843,204,16844,2638,16846,16848],{},[18,16845,3550],{},[18,16847,8879],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[408,16850,16852],{"id":16851},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,16854,16855,16856,244],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[18,16857,16858],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[408,16860,16862],{"id":16861},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,16864,16865],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[408,16867,16869],{"id":16868},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,16871,16872],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[408,16874,4943,16876,4154,16878,2251],{"id":16875},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[18,16877,3550],{},[18,16879,8879],{},[14,16881,16882,16884,16885,16887],{},[18,16883,3550],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[18,16886,8879],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[47,16889,1664],{"id":1663},[26,16891,16892,16896,16902,16906,16912],{},[29,16893,16894],{},[235,16895,8914],{"href":8913},[29,16897,16898],{},[235,16899,10488,16900,10492],{"href":10487},[18,16901,10491],{},[29,16903,16904],{},[235,16905,11004],{"href":10482},[29,16907,16908],{},[235,16909,16911],{"href":16910},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[29,16913,16914],{},[235,16915,11015],{"href":10826},[14,16917,16918],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1693,16920,16921],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":16923},[16924,16925,16926,16927,16930,16933,16938,16939,16944,16945,16950,16951,16959],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":14917,"depth":97,"text":14918},{"id":14935,"depth":97,"text":14923},{"id":15020,"depth":97,"text":15021,"children":16928},[16929],{"id":15172,"depth":119,"text":15173},{"id":9154,"depth":97,"text":9155,"children":16931},[16932],{"id":15351,"depth":119,"text":15352},{"id":15464,"depth":97,"text":16934,"children":16935},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16936],{"id":15591,"depth":119,"text":16937},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9196,"depth":97,"text":9197},{"id":15945,"depth":97,"text":15946,"children":16940},[16941,16942,16943],{"id":15966,"depth":119,"text":15967},{"id":16068,"depth":119,"text":16069},{"id":16150,"depth":119,"text":16151},{"id":16236,"depth":97,"text":16237},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":16946},[16947,16948,16949],{"id":16396,"depth":119,"text":16397},{"id":16454,"depth":119,"text":16455},{"id":16518,"depth":119,"text":16519},{"id":16594,"depth":97,"text":16595},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":16952},[16953,16954,16955,16956,16957],{"id":16840,"depth":119,"text":16841},{"id":16851,"depth":119,"text":16852},{"id":16861,"depth":119,"text":16862},{"id":16868,"depth":119,"text":16869},{"id":16875,"depth":119,"text":16958},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14760,"description":16960},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16966,"title":16967,"body":16968,"description":19416,"extension":1727,"meta":19417,"navigation":122,"path":19418,"seo":19419,"stem":19420,"__hash__":19421},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16969,"toc":19372},[16970,16976,16982,16985,16988,16990,17071,17077,17082,17086,17104,17116,17121,17125,17148,17152,17164,17172,17176,17182,17184,17187,17262,17264,17309,17311,17328,17333,17339,17344,17418,17420,17465,17468,17479,17481,17600,17602,17655,17662,17666,17669,17686,17692,17696,17794,17796,17848,17855,17859,17865,17868,17871,17898,17903,17907,17910,18014,18016,18061,18064,18067,18072,18076,18087,18089,18150,18210,18216,18224,18230,18235,18240,18300,18304,18371,18374,18378,18449,18451,18464,18471,18473,18477,18481,18552,18554,18591,18594,18597,18660,18667,18670,18712,18722,18725,18794,18800,18805,18889,18891,18940,18947,18953,18998,19000,19033,19038,19042,19048,19087,19131,19199,19242,19244,19250,19253,19257,19262,19266,19269,19273,19275,19336,19338,19364,19369],[10,16971,11071,16973,11075],{"id":16972},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[18,16974,16975],{},"fromkeys()",[14,16977,16978,16981],{},[18,16979,16980],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,16983,16984],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,16986,16987],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[47,16989,50],{"id":49},[52,16991,16993],{"className":54,"code":16992,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[18,16994,16995,17028,17056,17066],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16996,16997,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17024,17026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16998,16999],{"class":67},"keys ",[61,17001,72],{"class":71},[61,17003,76],{"class":75},[61,17005,816],{"class":190},[61,17007,819],{"class":194},[61,17009,816],{"class":190},[61,17011,83],{"class":75},[61,17013,522],{"class":190},[61,17015,838],{"class":194},[61,17017,816],{"class":190},[61,17019,83],{"class":75},[61,17021,522],{"class":190},[61,17023,10161],{"class":194},[61,17025,816],{"class":190},[61,17027,94],{"class":75},[61,17029,17030,17032,17034,17036,17038,17041,17043,17045,17047,17049,17052,17054],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17031,809],{"class":67},[61,17033,72],{"class":71},[61,17035,8928],{"class":105},[61,17037,244],{"class":75},[61,17039,17040],{"class":112},"fromkeys",[61,17042,109],{"class":75},[61,17044,16680],{"class":112},[61,17046,83],{"class":75},[61,17048,522],{"class":190},[61,17050,17051],{"class":194},"unknown",[61,17053,816],{"class":190},[61,17055,116],{"class":75},[61,17057,17058,17060,17062,17064],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,17059,130],{"class":129},[61,17061,109],{"class":75},[61,17063,860],{"class":112},[61,17065,116],{"class":75},[61,17067,17068],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,17069,17070],{"class":3420},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17072,204,17073,17076],{},[18,17074,17075],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[47,17078,3435,17080,3438],{"id":17079},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[18,17081,16980],{},[14,17083,17084,824],{},[18,17085,16980],{},[26,17087,17088,17091,17094,17097],{},[29,17089,17090],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[29,17092,17093],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[29,17095,17096],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[29,17098,17099,17100,17103],{},"Is called as ",[18,17101,17102],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17105,17106,17107,17109,17110,17112,17113,244],{},"This is a class method on ",[18,17108,8580],{},", so you write ",[18,17111,17102],{}," instead of something like ",[18,17114,17115],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17117,17118,17119,244],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[235,17120,8914],{"href":12778},[47,17122,17124],{"id":17123},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[52,17126,17128],{"className":54,"code":17127,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[18,17129,17130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17131,17132,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17133,8580],{"class":105},[61,17135,244],{"class":75},[61,17137,17040],{"class":112},[61,17139,109],{"class":75},[61,17141,272],{"class":112},[61,17143,83],{"class":75},[61,17145,8191],{"class":112},[61,17147,116],{"class":75},[408,17149,17151],{"id":17150},"parameters","Parameters",[26,17153,17154,17159],{},[29,17155,17156,17158],{},[18,17157,272],{},": the keys to use",[29,17160,17161,17163],{},[18,17162,1605],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17165,17166,17167,17169,17170,244],{},"If you leave out ",[18,17168,1605],{},", each key gets ",[18,17171,3536],{},[408,17173,17175],{"id":17174},"return-value","Return value",[14,17177,17178,17179,244],{},"It returns a ",[603,17180,17181],{},"new dictionary",[47,17183,5546],{"id":5545},[14,17185,17186],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[52,17188,17190],{"className":54,"code":17189,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,17191,17192,17225,17247,17251],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17193,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206,17208,17210,17213,17215,17217,17219,17221,17223],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17195,16999],{"class":67},[61,17197,72],{"class":71},[61,17199,76],{"class":75},[61,17201,816],{"class":190},[61,17203,12848],{"class":194},[61,17205,816],{"class":190},[61,17207,83],{"class":75},[61,17209,522],{"class":190},[61,17211,17212],{"class":194},"green",[61,17214,816],{"class":190},[61,17216,83],{"class":75},[61,17218,522],{"class":190},[61,17220,12865],{"class":194},[61,17222,816],{"class":190},[61,17224,94],{"class":75},[61,17226,17227,17229,17231,17233,17235,17237,17239,17241,17243,17245],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17228,12831],{"class":67},[61,17230,72],{"class":71},[61,17232,8928],{"class":105},[61,17234,244],{"class":75},[61,17236,17040],{"class":112},[61,17238,109],{"class":75},[61,17240,16680],{"class":112},[61,17242,83],{"class":75},[61,17244,3591],{"class":79},[61,17246,116],{"class":75},[61,17248,17249],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,17250,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,17252,17253,17255,17257,17260],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,17254,130],{"class":129},[61,17256,109],{"class":75},[61,17258,17259],{"class":112},"colors",[61,17261,116],{"class":75},[14,17263,157],{},[52,17265,17267],{"className":54,"code":17266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[18,17268,17269],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17270,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281,17283,17285,17287,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305,17307],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17272,9033],{"class":75},[61,17274,198],{"class":190},[61,17276,12848],{"class":194},[61,17278,198],{"class":190},[61,17280,824],{"class":75},[61,17282,3591],{"class":79},[61,17284,83],{"class":75},[61,17286,191],{"class":190},[61,17288,17212],{"class":194},[61,17290,198],{"class":190},[61,17292,824],{"class":75},[61,17294,3591],{"class":79},[61,17296,83],{"class":75},[61,17298,191],{"class":190},[61,17300,12865],{"class":194},[61,17302,198],{"class":190},[61,17304,824],{"class":75},[61,17306,3591],{"class":79},[61,17308,730],{"class":75},[14,17310,11437],{},[26,17312,17313,17318,17323],{},[29,17314,17315,17317],{},[18,17316,16680],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[29,17319,17320,17322],{},[18,17321,675],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[29,17324,17325,17327],{},[18,17326,16980],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17329,17330,17331,244],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[235,17332,9144],{"href":12781},[47,17334,8175,17336,17338],{"id":17335},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[18,17337,16975],{}," without a value",[14,17340,17341,17342,244],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[18,17343,3536],{},[52,17345,17347],{"className":54,"code":17346,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17348,17349,17383,17403,17407],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17350,17351,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17379,17381],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17352,17353],{"class":67},"fields ",[61,17355,72],{"class":71},[61,17357,76],{"class":75},[61,17359,816],{"class":190},[61,17361,7743],{"class":194},[61,17363,816],{"class":190},[61,17365,83],{"class":75},[61,17367,522],{"class":190},[61,17369,15014],{"class":194},[61,17371,816],{"class":190},[61,17373,83],{"class":75},[61,17375,522],{"class":190},[61,17377,17378],{"class":194},"password",[61,17380,816],{"class":190},[61,17382,94],{"class":75},[61,17384,17385,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17401],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17386,17387],{"class":67},"user_data ",[61,17389,72],{"class":71},[61,17391,8928],{"class":105},[61,17393,244],{"class":75},[61,17395,17040],{"class":112},[61,17397,109],{"class":75},[61,17399,17400],{"class":112},"fields",[61,17402,116],{"class":75},[61,17404,17405],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,17406,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,17408,17409,17411,17413,17416],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,17410,130],{"class":129},[61,17412,109],{"class":75},[61,17414,17415],{"class":112},"user_data",[61,17417,116],{"class":75},[14,17419,157],{},[52,17421,17423],{"className":54,"code":17422,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[18,17424,17425],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17426,17427,17429,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443,17445,17447,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17428,9033],{"class":75},[61,17430,198],{"class":190},[61,17432,7743],{"class":194},[61,17434,198],{"class":190},[61,17436,824],{"class":75},[61,17438,3610],{"class":3609},[61,17440,83],{"class":75},[61,17442,191],{"class":190},[61,17444,15014],{"class":194},[61,17446,198],{"class":190},[61,17448,824],{"class":75},[61,17450,3610],{"class":3609},[61,17452,83],{"class":75},[61,17454,191],{"class":190},[61,17456,17378],{"class":194},[61,17458,198],{"class":190},[61,17460,824],{"class":75},[61,17462,3610],{"class":3609},[61,17464,730],{"class":75},[14,17466,17467],{},"This is useful when:",[26,17469,17470,17473,17476],{},[29,17471,17472],{},"You want to create the keys first",[29,17474,17475],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[29,17477,17478],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17480,1109],{},[52,17482,17484],{"className":54,"code":17483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17485,17486,17518,17536,17540,17563,17586,17590],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17487,17488,17490,17492,17494,17496,17498,17500,17502,17504,17506,17508,17510,17512,17514,17516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17489,17353],{"class":67},[61,17491,72],{"class":71},[61,17493,76],{"class":75},[61,17495,816],{"class":190},[61,17497,7743],{"class":194},[61,17499,816],{"class":190},[61,17501,83],{"class":75},[61,17503,522],{"class":190},[61,17505,15014],{"class":194},[61,17507,816],{"class":190},[61,17509,83],{"class":75},[61,17511,522],{"class":190},[61,17513,17378],{"class":194},[61,17515,816],{"class":190},[61,17517,94],{"class":75},[61,17519,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17521,17387],{"class":67},[61,17523,72],{"class":71},[61,17525,8928],{"class":105},[61,17527,244],{"class":75},[61,17529,17040],{"class":112},[61,17531,109],{"class":75},[61,17533,17400],{"class":112},[61,17535,116],{"class":75},[61,17537,17538],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,17539,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,17541,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17561],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,17543,17415],{"class":67},[61,17545,3658],{"class":75},[61,17547,816],{"class":190},[61,17549,7743],{"class":194},[61,17551,816],{"class":190},[61,17553,13028],{"class":75},[61,17555,13031],{"class":71},[61,17557,522],{"class":190},[61,17559,17560],{"class":194},"alice",[61,17562,528],{"class":190},[61,17564,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581,17584],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,17566,17415],{"class":67},[61,17568,3658],{"class":75},[61,17570,816],{"class":190},[61,17572,15014],{"class":194},[61,17574,816],{"class":190},[61,17576,13028],{"class":75},[61,17578,13031],{"class":71},[61,17580,522],{"class":190},[61,17582,17583],{"class":194},"alice@example.com",[61,17585,528],{"class":190},[61,17587,17588],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,17589,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,17591,17592,17594,17596,17598],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,17593,130],{"class":129},[61,17595,109],{"class":75},[61,17597,17415],{"class":112},[61,17599,116],{"class":75},[14,17601,157],{},[52,17603,17605],{"className":54,"code":17604,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[18,17606,17607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17608,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17610,9033],{"class":75},[61,17612,198],{"class":190},[61,17614,7743],{"class":194},[61,17616,198],{"class":190},[61,17618,824],{"class":75},[61,17620,191],{"class":190},[61,17622,17560],{"class":194},[61,17624,198],{"class":190},[61,17626,83],{"class":75},[61,17628,191],{"class":190},[61,17630,15014],{"class":194},[61,17632,198],{"class":190},[61,17634,824],{"class":75},[61,17636,191],{"class":190},[61,17638,17583],{"class":194},[61,17640,198],{"class":190},[61,17642,83],{"class":75},[61,17644,191],{"class":190},[61,17646,17378],{"class":194},[61,17648,198],{"class":190},[61,17650,824],{"class":75},[61,17652,3610],{"class":3609},[61,17654,730],{"class":75},[14,17656,17657,17658,244],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[235,17659,17661],{"href":17660},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[47,17663,17665],{"id":17664},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,17667,17668],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[26,17670,17671,17676,17681],{},[29,17672,17673,17675],{},[18,17674,3545],{}," (list)",[29,17677,17678,17680],{},[18,17679,3550],{}," (dictionary)",[29,17682,17683,17685],{},[18,17684,3555],{}," (set)",[14,17687,17688,17689,244],{},"All keys will point to the ",[603,17690,17691],{},"same object",[408,17693,17695],{"id":17694},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[52,17697,17699],{"className":54,"code":17698,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,17700,17701,17733,17754,17758,17780,17784],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17702,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17704,16999],{"class":67},[61,17706,72],{"class":71},[61,17708,76],{"class":75},[61,17710,816],{"class":190},[61,17712,235],{"class":194},[61,17714,816],{"class":190},[61,17716,83],{"class":75},[61,17718,522],{"class":190},[61,17720,1480],{"class":194},[61,17722,816],{"class":190},[61,17724,83],{"class":75},[61,17726,522],{"class":190},[61,17728,573],{"class":194},[61,17730,816],{"class":190},[61,17732,94],{"class":75},[61,17734,17735,17737,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749,17751],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17736,1459],{"class":67},[61,17738,72],{"class":71},[61,17740,8928],{"class":105},[61,17742,244],{"class":75},[61,17744,17040],{"class":112},[61,17746,109],{"class":75},[61,17748,16680],{"class":112},[61,17750,83],{"class":75},[61,17752,17753],{"class":75}," [])\n",[61,17755,17756],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,17757,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,17759,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,17761,1501],{"class":67},[61,17763,3658],{"class":75},[61,17765,816],{"class":190},[61,17767,235],{"class":194},[61,17769,816],{"class":190},[61,17771,13305],{"class":75},[61,17773,13308],{"class":112},[61,17775,109],{"class":75},[61,17777,80],{"class":79},[61,17779,116],{"class":75},[61,17781,17782],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,17783,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,17785,17786,17788,17790,17792],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,17787,130],{"class":129},[61,17789,109],{"class":75},[61,17791,1501],{"class":112},[61,17793,116],{"class":75},[14,17795,157],{},[52,17797,17799],{"className":54,"code":17798,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[18,17800,17801],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17802,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838,17840,17842,17844,17846],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17804,9033],{"class":75},[61,17806,198],{"class":190},[61,17808,235],{"class":194},[61,17810,198],{"class":190},[61,17812,824],{"class":75},[61,17814,76],{"class":75},[61,17816,80],{"class":79},[61,17818,17819],{"class":75},"],",[61,17821,191],{"class":190},[61,17823,1480],{"class":194},[61,17825,198],{"class":190},[61,17827,824],{"class":75},[61,17829,76],{"class":75},[61,17831,80],{"class":79},[61,17833,17819],{"class":75},[61,17835,191],{"class":190},[61,17837,573],{"class":194},[61,17839,198],{"class":190},[61,17841,824],{"class":75},[61,17843,76],{"class":75},[61,17845,80],{"class":79},[61,17847,13461],{"class":75},[14,17849,17850,17851,17854],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[18,17852,17853],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[408,17856,17858],{"id":17857},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,17860,17861,17864],{},[18,17862,17863],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,17866,17867],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,17869,17870],{},"So this:",[52,17872,17874],{"className":54,"code":17873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[18,17875,17876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17877,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17892,17894,17896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17879,1501],{"class":67},[61,17881,3658],{"class":75},[61,17883,816],{"class":190},[61,17885,235],{"class":194},[61,17887,816],{"class":190},[61,17889,13305],{"class":75},[61,17891,13308],{"class":112},[61,17893,109],{"class":75},[61,17895,80],{"class":79},[61,17897,116],{"class":75},[14,17899,17900,17901,244],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[18,17902,17853],{},[408,17904,17906],{"id":17905},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,17908,17909],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[52,17911,17913],{"className":54,"code":17912,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,17914,17915,17947,17974,17978,18000,18004],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17916,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17918,16999],{"class":67},[61,17920,72],{"class":71},[61,17922,76],{"class":75},[61,17924,816],{"class":190},[61,17926,235],{"class":194},[61,17928,816],{"class":190},[61,17930,83],{"class":75},[61,17932,522],{"class":190},[61,17934,1480],{"class":194},[61,17936,816],{"class":190},[61,17938,83],{"class":75},[61,17940,522],{"class":190},[61,17942,573],{"class":194},[61,17944,816],{"class":190},[61,17946,94],{"class":75},[61,17948,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17962,17964,17967,17969,17972],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,17950,1459],{"class":67},[61,17952,72],{"class":71},[61,17954,717],{"class":75},[61,17956,14596],{"class":67},[61,17958,824],{"class":75},[61,17960,17961],{"class":75}," []",[61,17963,3635],{"class":3634},[61,17965,17966],{"class":67}," key ",[61,17968,3641],{"class":3634},[61,17970,17971],{"class":67}," keys",[61,17973,730],{"class":75},[61,17975,17976],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,17977,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,17979,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,17981,1501],{"class":67},[61,17983,3658],{"class":75},[61,17985,816],{"class":190},[61,17987,235],{"class":194},[61,17989,816],{"class":190},[61,17991,13305],{"class":75},[61,17993,13308],{"class":112},[61,17995,109],{"class":75},[61,17997,80],{"class":79},[61,17999,116],{"class":75},[61,18001,18002],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,18003,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,18005,18006,18008,18010,18012],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,18007,130],{"class":129},[61,18009,109],{"class":75},[61,18011,1501],{"class":112},[61,18013,116],{"class":75},[14,18015,157],{},[52,18017,18019],{"className":54,"code":18018,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[18,18020,18021],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18022,18023,18025,18027,18029,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18024,9033],{"class":75},[61,18026,198],{"class":190},[61,18028,235],{"class":194},[61,18030,198],{"class":190},[61,18032,824],{"class":75},[61,18034,76],{"class":75},[61,18036,80],{"class":79},[61,18038,17819],{"class":75},[61,18040,191],{"class":190},[61,18042,1480],{"class":194},[61,18044,198],{"class":190},[61,18046,824],{"class":75},[61,18048,18049],{"class":75}," [],",[61,18051,191],{"class":190},[61,18053,573],{"class":194},[61,18055,198],{"class":190},[61,18057,824],{"class":75},[61,18059,18060],{"class":75}," []}\n",[14,18062,18063],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18065,18066],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[47,18068,4723,18070],{"id":18069},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[18,18071,16975],{},[14,18073,18074,1092],{},[18,18075,16980],{},[26,18077,18078,18081,18084],{},[29,18079,18080],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[29,18082,18083],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[29,18085,18086],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18088,1889],{},[52,18090,18092],{"className":54,"code":18091,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[18,18093,18094,18139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18095,18096,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109,18111,18114,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18131,18133,18135,18137],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18097,18098],{"class":67},"flags ",[61,18100,72],{"class":71},[61,18102,8928],{"class":105},[61,18104,244],{"class":75},[61,18106,17040],{"class":112},[61,18108,1126],{"class":75},[61,18110,816],{"class":190},[61,18112,18113],{"class":194},"is_admin",[61,18115,816],{"class":190},[61,18117,83],{"class":75},[61,18119,522],{"class":190},[61,18121,14834],{"class":194},[61,18123,816],{"class":190},[61,18125,83],{"class":75},[61,18127,522],{"class":190},[61,18129,18130],{"class":194},"is_verified",[61,18132,816],{"class":190},[61,18134,17819],{"class":75},[61,18136,3665],{"class":3609},[61,18138,116],{"class":75},[61,18140,18141,18143,18145,18148],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18142,130],{"class":129},[61,18144,109],{"class":75},[61,18146,18147],{"class":112},"flags",[61,18149,116],{"class":75},[52,18151,18153],{"className":54,"code":18152,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,18154,18155,18200],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18156,18157,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18174,18176,18178,18180,18183,18185,18187,18189,18192,18194,18196,18198],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18158,4826],{"class":67},[61,18160,72],{"class":71},[61,18162,8928],{"class":105},[61,18164,244],{"class":75},[61,18166,17040],{"class":112},[61,18168,1126],{"class":75},[61,18170,816],{"class":190},[61,18172,18173],{"class":194},"math",[61,18175,816],{"class":190},[61,18177,83],{"class":75},[61,18179,522],{"class":190},[61,18181,18182],{"class":194},"science",[61,18184,816],{"class":190},[61,18186,83],{"class":75},[61,18188,522],{"class":190},[61,18190,18191],{"class":194},"history",[61,18193,816],{"class":190},[61,18195,17819],{"class":75},[61,18197,3591],{"class":79},[61,18199,116],{"class":75},[61,18201,18202,18204,18206,18208],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18203,130],{"class":129},[61,18205,109],{"class":75},[61,18207,16145],{"class":112},[61,18209,116],{"class":75},[14,18211,18212,18213,18215],{},"It is ",[603,18214,605],{}," the best choice when:",[26,18217,18218,18221],{},[29,18219,18220],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[29,18222,18223],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[47,18225,18227,18229],{"id":18226},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[18,18228,16975],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18231,18232,18234],{},[18,18233,16975],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[408,18236,8175,18238],{"id":18237},"using-fromkeys",[18,18239,16975],{},[52,18241,18243],{"className":54,"code":18242,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18244,18245,18290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18246,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18264,18266,18268,18270,18273,18275,18277,18279,18282,18284,18286,18288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18248,13581],{"class":67},[61,18250,72],{"class":71},[61,18252,8928],{"class":105},[61,18254,244],{"class":75},[61,18256,17040],{"class":112},[61,18258,1126],{"class":75},[61,18260,816],{"class":190},[61,18262,18263],{"class":194},"sound",[61,18265,816],{"class":190},[61,18267,83],{"class":75},[61,18269,522],{"class":190},[61,18271,18272],{"class":194},"music",[61,18274,816],{"class":190},[61,18276,83],{"class":75},[61,18278,522],{"class":190},[61,18280,18281],{"class":194},"notifications",[61,18283,816],{"class":190},[61,18285,17819],{"class":75},[61,18287,3674],{"class":3609},[61,18289,116],{"class":75},[61,18291,18292,18294,18296,18298],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18293,130],{"class":129},[61,18295,109],{"class":75},[61,18297,13640],{"class":112},[61,18299,116],{"class":75},[408,18301,18303],{"id":18302},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[52,18305,18307],{"className":54,"code":18306,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18308,18309,18317,18331,18345,18357,18361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18310,18311,18313,18315],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18312,13581],{"class":67},[61,18314,72],{"class":71},[61,18316,11246],{"class":75},[61,18318,18319,18321,18323,18325,18327,18329],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18320,11251],{"class":190},[61,18322,18263],{"class":194},[61,18324,816],{"class":190},[61,18326,824],{"class":75},[61,18328,3674],{"class":3609},[61,18330,11267],{"class":75},[61,18332,18333,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,18334,11251],{"class":190},[61,18336,18272],{"class":194},[61,18338,816],{"class":190},[61,18340,824],{"class":75},[61,18342,3665],{"class":3609},[61,18344,11267],{"class":75},[61,18346,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,18348,11251],{"class":190},[61,18350,18281],{"class":194},[61,18352,816],{"class":190},[61,18354,824],{"class":75},[61,18356,6182],{"class":3609},[61,18358,18359],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,18360,730],{"class":75},[61,18362,18363,18365,18367,18369],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,18364,130],{"class":129},[61,18366,109],{"class":75},[61,18368,13640],{"class":112},[61,18370,116],{"class":75},[14,18372,18373],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[408,18375,18377],{"id":18376},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[52,18379,18381],{"className":54,"code":18380,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[18,18382,18383,18415,18439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18384,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18386,16999],{"class":67},[61,18388,72],{"class":71},[61,18390,76],{"class":75},[61,18392,816],{"class":190},[61,18394,235],{"class":194},[61,18396,816],{"class":190},[61,18398,83],{"class":75},[61,18400,522],{"class":190},[61,18402,1480],{"class":194},[61,18404,816],{"class":190},[61,18406,83],{"class":75},[61,18408,522],{"class":190},[61,18410,573],{"class":194},[61,18412,816],{"class":190},[61,18414,94],{"class":75},[61,18416,18417,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18418,1459],{"class":67},[61,18420,72],{"class":71},[61,18422,717],{"class":75},[61,18424,14596],{"class":67},[61,18426,824],{"class":75},[61,18428,17961],{"class":75},[61,18430,3635],{"class":3634},[61,18432,17966],{"class":67},[61,18434,3641],{"class":3634},[61,18436,17971],{"class":67},[61,18438,730],{"class":75},[61,18440,18441,18443,18445,18447],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,18442,130],{"class":129},[61,18444,109],{"class":75},[61,18446,1501],{"class":112},[61,18448,116],{"class":75},[14,18450,1063],{},[26,18452,18453,18458,18461],{},[29,18454,18455,18457],{},[18,18456,16975],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[29,18459,18460],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[29,18462,18463],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18465,18466,18467,244],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[235,18468,10488,18469,10492],{"href":13788},[18,18470,14709],{},[47,18472,2590],{"id":2589},[14,18474,14488,18475,244],{},[18,18476,16980],{},[408,18478,18480],{"id":18479},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[52,18482,18484],{"className":54,"code":18483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18485,18486,18519,18542],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18487,18488,18491,18493,18495,18497,18499,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509,18511,18513,18515,18517],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18489,18490],{"class":67},"d ",[61,18492,72],{"class":71},[61,18494,8928],{"class":105},[61,18496,244],{"class":75},[61,18498,17040],{"class":112},[61,18500,1126],{"class":75},[61,18502,816],{"class":190},[61,18504,235],{"class":194},[61,18506,816],{"class":190},[61,18508,83],{"class":75},[61,18510,522],{"class":190},[61,18512,1480],{"class":194},[61,18514,816],{"class":190},[61,18516,17819],{"class":75},[61,18518,17753],{"class":75},[61,18520,18521,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18522,18523],{"class":67},"d",[61,18525,3658],{"class":75},[61,18527,816],{"class":190},[61,18529,235],{"class":194},[61,18531,816],{"class":190},[61,18533,13305],{"class":75},[61,18535,13308],{"class":112},[61,18537,109],{"class":75},[61,18539,80],{"class":79},[61,18541,116],{"class":75},[61,18543,18544,18546,18548,18550],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,18545,130],{"class":129},[61,18547,109],{"class":75},[61,18549,18523],{"class":112},[61,18551,116],{"class":75},[14,18553,157],{},[52,18555,18557],{"className":54,"code":18556,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[18,18558,18559],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18560,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18571,18573,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18562,9033],{"class":75},[61,18564,198],{"class":190},[61,18566,235],{"class":194},[61,18568,198],{"class":190},[61,18570,824],{"class":75},[61,18572,76],{"class":75},[61,18574,80],{"class":79},[61,18576,17819],{"class":75},[61,18578,191],{"class":190},[61,18580,1480],{"class":194},[61,18582,198],{"class":190},[61,18584,824],{"class":75},[61,18586,76],{"class":75},[61,18588,80],{"class":79},[61,18590,13461],{"class":75},[14,18592,18593],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18595,18596],{},"Use this instead:",[52,18598,18600],{"className":54,"code":18599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[18,18601,18602,18626,18650],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18603,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18605,16999],{"class":67},[61,18607,72],{"class":71},[61,18609,76],{"class":75},[61,18611,816],{"class":190},[61,18613,235],{"class":194},[61,18615,816],{"class":190},[61,18617,83],{"class":75},[61,18619,522],{"class":190},[61,18621,1480],{"class":194},[61,18623,816],{"class":190},[61,18625,94],{"class":75},[61,18627,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18629,18490],{"class":67},[61,18631,72],{"class":71},[61,18633,717],{"class":75},[61,18635,14596],{"class":67},[61,18637,824],{"class":75},[61,18639,17961],{"class":75},[61,18641,3635],{"class":3634},[61,18643,17966],{"class":67},[61,18645,3641],{"class":3634},[61,18647,17971],{"class":67},[61,18649,730],{"class":75},[61,18651,18652,18654,18656,18658],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,18653,130],{"class":129},[61,18655,109],{"class":75},[61,18657,18523],{"class":112},[61,18659,116],{"class":75},[408,18661,18663,18664,18666],{"id":18662},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[18,18665,16975],{}," on a list",[14,18668,18669],{},"Wrong idea:",[52,18671,18673],{"className":54,"code":18672,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[18,18674,18675,18707],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18676,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18678,16999],{"class":67},[61,18680,72],{"class":71},[61,18682,76],{"class":75},[61,18684,816],{"class":190},[61,18686,235],{"class":194},[61,18688,816],{"class":190},[61,18690,83],{"class":75},[61,18692,522],{"class":190},[61,18694,1480],{"class":194},[61,18696,816],{"class":190},[61,18698,83],{"class":75},[61,18700,522],{"class":190},[61,18702,573],{"class":194},[61,18704,816],{"class":190},[61,18706,94],{"class":75},[61,18708,18709],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18710,18711],{"class":3420},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,18713,18714,18716,18717,18719,18720,244],{},[18,18715,16975],{}," belongs to ",[18,18718,8580],{},", not ",[18,18721,7852],{},[14,18723,18724],{},"Correct usage:",[52,18726,18728],{"className":54,"code":18727,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18729,18730,18762,18784],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18731,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754,18756,18758,18760],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18733,16999],{"class":67},[61,18735,72],{"class":71},[61,18737,76],{"class":75},[61,18739,816],{"class":190},[61,18741,235],{"class":194},[61,18743,816],{"class":190},[61,18745,83],{"class":75},[61,18747,522],{"class":190},[61,18749,1480],{"class":194},[61,18751,816],{"class":190},[61,18753,83],{"class":75},[61,18755,522],{"class":190},[61,18757,573],{"class":194},[61,18759,816],{"class":190},[61,18761,94],{"class":75},[61,18763,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18765,18490],{"class":67},[61,18767,72],{"class":71},[61,18769,8928],{"class":105},[61,18771,244],{"class":75},[61,18773,17040],{"class":112},[61,18775,109],{"class":75},[61,18777,16680],{"class":112},[61,18779,83],{"class":75},[61,18781,3591],{"class":79},[61,18783,116],{"class":75},[61,18785,18786,18788,18790,18792],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,18787,130],{"class":129},[61,18789,109],{"class":75},[61,18791,18523],{"class":112},[61,18793,116],{"class":75},[408,18795,8211,18797,18799],{"id":18796},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[18,18798,16975],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,18801,18802,18804],{},[18,18803,16980],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[52,18806,18808],{"className":54,"code":18807,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[18,18809,18810,18830,18864,18868,18878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18811,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18813,11840],{"class":67},[61,18815,72],{"class":71},[61,18817,717],{"class":75},[61,18819,816],{"class":190},[61,18821,1936],{"class":194},[61,18823,816],{"class":190},[61,18825,824],{"class":75},[61,18827,680],{"class":79},[61,18829,730],{"class":75},[61,18831,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18833,12793],{"class":67},[61,18835,72],{"class":71},[61,18837,8928],{"class":105},[61,18839,244],{"class":75},[61,18841,17040],{"class":112},[61,18843,1126],{"class":75},[61,18845,816],{"class":190},[61,18847,235],{"class":194},[61,18849,816],{"class":190},[61,18851,83],{"class":75},[61,18853,522],{"class":190},[61,18855,1480],{"class":194},[61,18857,816],{"class":190},[61,18859,17819],{"class":75},[61,18861,3591],{"class":79},[61,18863,116],{"class":75},[61,18865,18866],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,18867,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,18869,18870,18872,18874,18876],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,18871,130],{"class":129},[61,18873,109],{"class":75},[61,18875,11887],{"class":112},[61,18877,116],{"class":75},[61,18879,18880,18882,18884,18887],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,18881,130],{"class":129},[61,18883,109],{"class":75},[61,18885,18886],{"class":112},"new_dict",[61,18888,116],{"class":75},[14,18890,157],{},[52,18892,18894],{"className":54,"code":18893,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[18,18895,18896,18912],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18897,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18899,9033],{"class":75},[61,18901,198],{"class":190},[61,18903,1936],{"class":194},[61,18905,198],{"class":190},[61,18907,824],{"class":75},[61,18909,680],{"class":79},[61,18911,730],{"class":75},[61,18913,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18915,9033],{"class":75},[61,18917,198],{"class":190},[61,18919,235],{"class":194},[61,18921,198],{"class":190},[61,18923,824],{"class":75},[61,18925,3591],{"class":79},[61,18927,83],{"class":75},[61,18929,191],{"class":190},[61,18931,1480],{"class":194},[61,18933,198],{"class":190},[61,18935,824],{"class":75},[61,18937,3591],{"class":79},[61,18939,730],{"class":75},[14,18941,18942,18943,244],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[235,18944,10488,18945,10492],{"href":13788},[18,18946,14709],{},[408,18948,18950,18951],{"id":18949},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[18,18952,3536],{},[52,18954,18956],{"className":54,"code":18955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[18,18957,18958,18988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18959,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18961,18490],{"class":67},[61,18963,72],{"class":71},[61,18965,8928],{"class":105},[61,18967,244],{"class":75},[61,18969,17040],{"class":112},[61,18971,1126],{"class":75},[61,18973,816],{"class":190},[61,18975,1936],{"class":194},[61,18977,816],{"class":190},[61,18979,83],{"class":75},[61,18981,522],{"class":190},[61,18983,11499],{"class":194},[61,18985,816],{"class":190},[61,18987,1137],{"class":75},[61,18989,18990,18992,18994,18996],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,18991,130],{"class":129},[61,18993,109],{"class":75},[61,18995,18523],{"class":112},[61,18997,116],{"class":75},[14,18999,157],{},[52,19001,19003],{"className":54,"code":19002,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[18,19004,19005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19006,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029,19031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19008,9033],{"class":75},[61,19010,198],{"class":190},[61,19012,1936],{"class":194},[61,19014,198],{"class":190},[61,19016,824],{"class":75},[61,19018,3610],{"class":3609},[61,19020,83],{"class":75},[61,19022,191],{"class":190},[61,19024,11499],{"class":194},[61,19026,198],{"class":190},[61,19028,824],{"class":75},[61,19030,3610],{"class":3609},[61,19032,730],{"class":75},[14,19034,19035,19036,244],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[18,19037,3536],{},[47,19039,19041],{"id":19040},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19043,19044,19045,19047],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[18,19046,16975],{}," works.",[52,19049,19051],{"className":54,"code":19050,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[18,19052,19053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19054,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077,19079,19081,19083,19085],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19056,130],{"class":129},[61,19058,109],{"class":75},[61,19060,8580],{"class":105},[61,19062,244],{"class":75},[61,19064,17040],{"class":112},[61,19066,1126],{"class":75},[61,19068,816],{"class":190},[61,19070,235],{"class":194},[61,19072,816],{"class":190},[61,19074,83],{"class":75},[61,19076,522],{"class":190},[61,19078,1480],{"class":194},[61,19080,816],{"class":190},[61,19082,17819],{"class":75},[61,19084,3591],{"class":79},[61,19086,154],{"class":75},[52,19088,19089],{"className":54,"code":18955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,19090,19091,19121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19092,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19094,18490],{"class":67},[61,19096,72],{"class":71},[61,19098,8928],{"class":105},[61,19100,244],{"class":75},[61,19102,17040],{"class":112},[61,19104,1126],{"class":75},[61,19106,816],{"class":190},[61,19108,1936],{"class":194},[61,19110,816],{"class":190},[61,19112,83],{"class":75},[61,19114,522],{"class":190},[61,19116,11499],{"class":194},[61,19118,816],{"class":190},[61,19120,1137],{"class":75},[61,19122,19123,19125,19127,19129],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19124,130],{"class":129},[61,19126,109],{"class":75},[61,19128,18523],{"class":112},[61,19130,116],{"class":75},[52,19132,19133],{"className":54,"code":18483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,19134,19135,19167,19189],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19136,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19138,18490],{"class":67},[61,19140,72],{"class":71},[61,19142,8928],{"class":105},[61,19144,244],{"class":75},[61,19146,17040],{"class":112},[61,19148,1126],{"class":75},[61,19150,816],{"class":190},[61,19152,235],{"class":194},[61,19154,816],{"class":190},[61,19156,83],{"class":75},[61,19158,522],{"class":190},[61,19160,1480],{"class":194},[61,19162,816],{"class":190},[61,19164,17819],{"class":75},[61,19166,17753],{"class":75},[61,19168,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19170,18523],{"class":67},[61,19172,3658],{"class":75},[61,19174,816],{"class":190},[61,19176,235],{"class":194},[61,19178,816],{"class":190},[61,19180,13305],{"class":75},[61,19182,13308],{"class":112},[61,19184,109],{"class":75},[61,19186,80],{"class":79},[61,19188,116],{"class":75},[61,19190,19191,19193,19195,19197],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,19192,130],{"class":129},[61,19194,109],{"class":75},[61,19196,18523],{"class":112},[61,19198,116],{"class":75},[52,19200,19202],{"className":54,"code":19201,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[18,19203,19204],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19205,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19207,130],{"class":129},[61,19209,109],{"class":75},[61,19211,147],{"class":105},[61,19213,109],{"class":75},[61,19215,8580],{"class":105},[61,19217,244],{"class":75},[61,19219,17040],{"class":112},[61,19221,1126],{"class":75},[61,19223,80],{"class":79},[61,19225,83],{"class":75},[61,19227,86],{"class":79},[61,19229,83],{"class":75},[61,19231,91],{"class":79},[61,19233,17819],{"class":75},[61,19235,522],{"class":190},[61,19237,1605],{"class":194},[61,19239,816],{"class":190},[61,19241,2672],{"class":75},[47,19243,1620],{"id":1619},[408,19245,12459,19247,19249],{"id":19246},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19248,16975],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19251,19252],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[408,19254,19256],{"id":19255},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19258,19259,19260,244],{},"Each key gets ",[18,19261,3536],{},[408,19263,19265],{"id":19264},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19267,19268],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[408,19270,19272],{"id":19271},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19274,17909],{},[52,19276,19278],{"className":54,"code":19277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[18,19279,19280,19312],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19281,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308,19310],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19283,16999],{"class":67},[61,19285,72],{"class":71},[61,19287,76],{"class":75},[61,19289,816],{"class":190},[61,19291,235],{"class":194},[61,19293,816],{"class":190},[61,19295,83],{"class":75},[61,19297,522],{"class":190},[61,19299,1480],{"class":194},[61,19301,816],{"class":190},[61,19303,83],{"class":75},[61,19305,522],{"class":190},[61,19307,573],{"class":194},[61,19309,816],{"class":190},[61,19311,94],{"class":75},[61,19313,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19315,1459],{"class":67},[61,19317,72],{"class":71},[61,19319,717],{"class":75},[61,19321,14596],{"class":67},[61,19323,824],{"class":75},[61,19325,17961],{"class":75},[61,19327,3635],{"class":3634},[61,19329,17966],{"class":67},[61,19331,3641],{"class":3634},[61,19333,17971],{"class":67},[61,19335,730],{"class":75},[47,19337,1664],{"id":1663},[26,19339,19340,19344,19348,19352,19358],{},[29,19341,19342],{},[235,19343,10995],{"href":12781},[29,19345,19346],{},[235,19347,8914],{"href":12778},[29,19349,19350],{},[235,19351,11004],{"href":17660},[29,19353,19354],{},[235,19355,10488,19356,10492],{"href":13788},[18,19357,14709],{},[29,19359,19360],{},[235,19361,10488,19362,10492],{"href":14754},[18,19363,12532],{},[14,19365,204,19366,19368],{},[18,19367,16980],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1693,19370,19371],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":19373},[19374,19375,19377,19381,19382,19384,19389,19391,19398,19407,19408,19415],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":17079,"depth":97,"text":19376},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17123,"depth":97,"text":17124,"children":19378},[19379,19380],{"id":17150,"depth":119,"text":17151},{"id":17174,"depth":119,"text":17175},{"id":5545,"depth":97,"text":5546},{"id":17335,"depth":97,"text":19383},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17664,"depth":97,"text":17665,"children":19385},[19386,19387,19388],{"id":17694,"depth":119,"text":17695},{"id":17857,"depth":119,"text":17858},{"id":17905,"depth":119,"text":17906},{"id":18069,"depth":97,"text":19390},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18226,"depth":97,"text":19392,"children":19393},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19394,19396,19397],{"id":18237,"depth":119,"text":19395},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18302,"depth":119,"text":18303},{"id":18376,"depth":119,"text":18377},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":19399},[19400,19401,19403,19405],{"id":18479,"depth":119,"text":18480},{"id":18662,"depth":119,"text":19402},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18796,"depth":119,"text":19404},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18949,"depth":119,"text":19406},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19040,"depth":97,"text":19041},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":19409},[19410,19412,19413,19414],{"id":19246,"depth":119,"text":19411},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19255,"depth":119,"text":19256},{"id":19264,"depth":119,"text":19265},{"id":19271,"depth":119,"text":19272},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16967,"description":19416},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19423,"title":19424,"body":19425,"description":21255,"extension":1727,"meta":21256,"navigation":122,"path":21257,"seo":21258,"stem":21259,"__hash__":21260},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19426,"toc":21222},[19427,19432,19438,19449,19579,19586,19591,19595,19611,19613,19711,19714,19731,19735,19737,19742,19780,19783,19801,19803,19921,19926,19930,19946,19949,20085,20088,20093,20099,20102,20139,20142,20146,20151,20227,20231,20236,20318,20320,20336,20341,20345,20351,20420,20423,20440,20443,20525,20531,20534,20554,20558,20563,20569,20575,20646,20649,20655,20658,20732,20739,20745,20753,20763,20765,20860,20866,20871,20958,20964,20966,20971,20993,20996,21091,21094,21125,21138,21140,21148,21154,21160,21163,21169,21174,21181,21186,21188,21219],[10,19428,11071,19430,11075],{"id":19429},"python-dictionary-get-method",[18,19431,10491],{},[14,19433,19434,19435,19437],{},"The dictionary ",[18,19436,10491],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19439,19440,19441,1951,19444,2158,19446,19448],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[18,19442,19443],{},"KeyError",[18,19445,10491],{},[18,19447,3536],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[52,19450,19452],{"className":54,"code":19451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[18,19453,19454,19490,19494,19520,19545],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19455,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19457,809],{"class":67},[61,19459,72],{"class":71},[61,19461,717],{"class":75},[61,19463,816],{"class":190},[61,19465,819],{"class":194},[61,19467,816],{"class":190},[61,19469,824],{"class":75},[61,19471,522],{"class":190},[61,19473,829],{"class":194},[61,19475,816],{"class":190},[61,19477,83],{"class":75},[61,19479,522],{"class":190},[61,19481,838],{"class":194},[61,19483,816],{"class":190},[61,19485,824],{"class":75},[61,19487,845],{"class":79},[61,19489,730],{"class":75},[61,19491,19492],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19493,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,19495,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,19497,130],{"class":129},[61,19499,109],{"class":75},[61,19501,860],{"class":112},[61,19503,244],{"class":75},[61,19505,19506],{"class":112},"get",[61,19508,109],{"class":75},[61,19510,816],{"class":190},[61,19512,819],{"class":194},[61,19514,816],{"class":190},[61,19516,5122],{"class":75},[61,19518,19519],{"class":3420},"           # Ana\n",[61,19521,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,19523,130],{"class":129},[61,19525,109],{"class":75},[61,19527,860],{"class":112},[61,19529,244],{"class":75},[61,19531,19506],{"class":112},[61,19533,109],{"class":75},[61,19535,816],{"class":190},[61,19537,10161],{"class":194},[61,19539,816],{"class":190},[61,19541,5122],{"class":75},[61,19543,19544],{"class":3420},"           # None\n",[61,19546,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565,19567,19569,19572,19574,19576],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,19548,130],{"class":129},[61,19550,109],{"class":75},[61,19552,860],{"class":112},[61,19554,244],{"class":75},[61,19556,19506],{"class":112},[61,19558,109],{"class":75},[61,19560,816],{"class":190},[61,19562,10161],{"class":194},[61,19564,816],{"class":190},[61,19566,83],{"class":75},[61,19568,522],{"class":190},[61,19570,19571],{"class":194},"N\u002FA",[61,19573,816],{"class":190},[61,19575,5122],{"class":75},[61,19577,19578],{"class":3420},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19580,204,19581,19583,19584,244],{},[18,19582,10491],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[18,19585,19443],{},[47,19587,3435,19589,3438],{"id":19588},"what-get-does",[18,19590,10491],{},[14,19592,1744,19593,11166],{},[18,19594,10491],{},[26,19596,19597,19600,19605,19608],{},[29,19598,19599],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[29,19601,11177,19602,19604],{},[18,19603,3536],{}," if the key does not exist",[29,19606,19607],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[29,19609,19610],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19612,1109],{},[52,19614,19616],{"className":54,"code":19615,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[18,19617,19618,19657,19661,19686],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19619,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19639,19641,19643,19645,19648,19650,19652,19655],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19621,12619],{"class":67},[61,19623,72],{"class":71},[61,19625,717],{"class":75},[61,19627,816],{"class":190},[61,19629,819],{"class":194},[61,19631,816],{"class":190},[61,19633,824],{"class":75},[61,19635,522],{"class":190},[61,19637,19638],{"class":194},"Lina",[61,19640,816],{"class":190},[61,19642,83],{"class":75},[61,19644,522],{"class":190},[61,19646,19647],{"class":194},"grade",[61,19649,816],{"class":190},[61,19651,824],{"class":75},[61,19653,19654],{"class":79}," 90",[61,19656,730],{"class":75},[61,19658,19659],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19660,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,19662,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,19664,130],{"class":129},[61,19666,109],{"class":75},[61,19668,13381],{"class":112},[61,19670,244],{"class":75},[61,19672,19506],{"class":112},[61,19674,109],{"class":75},[61,19676,816],{"class":190},[61,19678,819],{"class":194},[61,19680,816],{"class":190},[61,19682,5122],{"class":75},[61,19684,19685],{"class":3420},"     # Lina\n",[61,19687,19688,19690,19692,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,19689,130],{"class":129},[61,19691,109],{"class":75},[61,19693,13381],{"class":112},[61,19695,244],{"class":75},[61,19697,19506],{"class":112},[61,19699,109],{"class":75},[61,19701,816],{"class":190},[61,19703,15014],{"class":194},[61,19705,816],{"class":190},[61,19707,5122],{"class":75},[61,19709,19710],{"class":3420},"    # None\n",[14,19712,19713],{},"In this example:",[26,19715,19716,19721],{},[29,19717,19718,19720],{},[18,19719,14995],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[29,19722,19723,19726,19727,2158,19729],{},[18,19724,19725],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[18,19728,10491],{},[18,19730,3536],{},[14,19732,12775,19733,244],{},[235,19734,8914],{"href":8913},[47,19736,248],{"id":247},[14,19738,19739,19740,824],{},"There are two common forms of ",[18,19741,10491],{},[52,19743,19745],{"className":54,"code":19744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[18,19746,19747,19761],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19748,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19750,15360],{"class":67},[61,19752,244],{"class":75},[61,19754,19506],{"class":112},[61,19756,109],{"class":75},[61,19758,14596],{"class":112},[61,19760,116],{"class":75},[61,19762,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775,19778],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19764,15360],{"class":67},[61,19766,244],{"class":75},[61,19768,19506],{"class":112},[61,19770,109],{"class":75},[61,19772,14596],{"class":112},[61,19774,83],{"class":75},[61,19776,19777],{"class":112}," default_value",[61,19779,116],{"class":75},[14,19781,19782],{},"What each part means:",[26,19784,19785,19790,19796],{},[29,19786,19787,19789],{},[18,19788,14596],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[29,19791,19792,19795],{},[18,19793,19794],{},"default_value"," is optional",[29,19797,19798,19799],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[18,19800,3536],{},[14,19802,1109],{},[52,19804,19806],{"className":54,"code":19805,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[18,19807,19808,19832,19836,19861,19887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19809,19810,19812,19814,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19811,13581],{"class":67},[61,19813,72],{"class":71},[61,19815,717],{"class":75},[61,19817,816],{"class":190},[61,19819,12249],{"class":194},[61,19821,816],{"class":190},[61,19823,824],{"class":75},[61,19825,522],{"class":190},[61,19827,12258],{"class":194},[61,19829,816],{"class":190},[61,19831,730],{"class":75},[61,19833,19834],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19835,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,19837,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,19839,130],{"class":129},[61,19841,109],{"class":75},[61,19843,13640],{"class":112},[61,19845,244],{"class":75},[61,19847,19506],{"class":112},[61,19849,109],{"class":75},[61,19851,816],{"class":190},[61,19853,12249],{"class":194},[61,19855,816],{"class":190},[61,19857,5122],{"class":75},[61,19859,19860],{"class":3420},"            # dark\n",[61,19862,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19880,19882,19884],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,19864,130],{"class":129},[61,19866,109],{"class":75},[61,19868,13640],{"class":112},[61,19870,244],{"class":75},[61,19872,19506],{"class":112},[61,19874,109],{"class":75},[61,19876,816],{"class":190},[61,19878,19879],{"class":194},"language",[61,19881,816],{"class":190},[61,19883,5122],{"class":75},[61,19885,19886],{"class":3420},"         # None\n",[61,19888,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19914,19916,19918],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,19890,130],{"class":129},[61,19892,109],{"class":75},[61,19894,13640],{"class":112},[61,19896,244],{"class":75},[61,19898,19506],{"class":112},[61,19900,109],{"class":75},[61,19902,816],{"class":190},[61,19904,19879],{"class":194},[61,19906,816],{"class":190},[61,19908,83],{"class":75},[61,19910,522],{"class":190},[61,19912,19913],{"class":194},"en",[61,19915,816],{"class":190},[61,19917,5122],{"class":75},[61,19919,19920],{"class":3420},"   # en\n",[47,19922,4723,19924],{"id":19923},"when-to-use-get",[18,19925,10491],{},[14,19927,204,19928,1193],{},[18,19929,10491],{},[26,19931,19932,19935,19940,19943],{},[29,19933,19934],{},"A key might not exist",[29,19936,19937,19938],{},"You want to avoid ",[18,19939,19443],{},[29,19941,19942],{},"You are reading optional data",[29,19944,19945],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,19947,19948],{},"Example with optional user data:",[52,19950,19952],{"className":54,"code":19951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[18,19953,19954,19996,20000,20025,20051],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19955,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19992,19994],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19957,11241],{"class":67},[61,19959,72],{"class":71},[61,19961,717],{"class":75},[61,19963,816],{"class":190},[61,19965,7743],{"class":194},[61,19967,816],{"class":190},[61,19969,824],{"class":75},[61,19971,522],{"class":190},[61,19973,19974],{"class":194},"sam",[61,19976,816],{"class":190},[61,19978,83],{"class":75},[61,19980,522],{"class":190},[61,19982,15014],{"class":194},[61,19984,816],{"class":190},[61,19986,824],{"class":75},[61,19988,522],{"class":190},[61,19990,19991],{"class":194},"sam@example.com",[61,19993,816],{"class":190},[61,19995,730],{"class":75},[61,19997,19998],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,19999,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,20001,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,20003,130],{"class":129},[61,20005,109],{"class":75},[61,20007,11335],{"class":112},[61,20009,244],{"class":75},[61,20011,19506],{"class":112},[61,20013,109],{"class":75},[61,20015,816],{"class":190},[61,20017,7743],{"class":194},[61,20019,816],{"class":190},[61,20021,5122],{"class":75},[61,20023,20024],{"class":3420},"              # sam\n",[61,20026,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041,20044,20046,20048],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,20028,130],{"class":129},[61,20030,109],{"class":75},[61,20032,11335],{"class":112},[61,20034,244],{"class":75},[61,20036,19506],{"class":112},[61,20038,109],{"class":75},[61,20040,816],{"class":190},[61,20042,20043],{"class":194},"phone",[61,20045,816],{"class":190},[61,20047,5122],{"class":75},[61,20049,20050],{"class":3420},"                 # None\n",[61,20052,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073,20075,20078,20080,20082],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,20054,130],{"class":129},[61,20056,109],{"class":75},[61,20058,11335],{"class":112},[61,20060,244],{"class":75},[61,20062,19506],{"class":112},[61,20064,109],{"class":75},[61,20066,816],{"class":190},[61,20068,20043],{"class":194},[61,20070,816],{"class":190},[61,20072,83],{"class":75},[61,20074,522],{"class":190},[61,20076,20077],{"class":194},"Not provided",[61,20079,816],{"class":190},[61,20081,5122],{"class":75},[61,20083,20084],{"class":3420}," # Not provided\n",[14,20086,20087],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20089,20090,20091,244],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[235,20092,16354],{"href":16353},[47,20094,20096,20098],{"id":20095},"get-vs-square-brackets",[18,20097,10491],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20100,20101],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[52,20103,20105],{"className":54,"code":20104,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[18,20106,20107,20121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20108,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20110,1501],{"class":67},[61,20112,3658],{"class":75},[61,20114,816],{"class":190},[61,20116,14596],{"class":194},[61,20118,816],{"class":190},[61,20120,94],{"class":75},[61,20122,20123,20125,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20124,1501],{"class":67},[61,20126,244],{"class":75},[61,20128,19506],{"class":112},[61,20130,109],{"class":75},[61,20132,816],{"class":190},[61,20134,14596],{"class":194},[61,20136,816],{"class":190},[61,20138,116],{"class":75},[14,20140,20141],{},"The difference is important.",[408,20143,20145],{"id":20144},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20147,20148,20149,244],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[18,20150,19443],{},[52,20152,20154],{"className":54,"code":20153,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[18,20155,20156,20180,20184,20206],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20157,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176,20178],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20159,1459],{"class":67},[61,20161,72],{"class":71},[61,20163,717],{"class":75},[61,20165,816],{"class":190},[61,20167,819],{"class":194},[61,20169,816],{"class":190},[61,20171,824],{"class":75},[61,20173,522],{"class":190},[61,20175,829],{"class":194},[61,20177,816],{"class":190},[61,20179,730],{"class":75},[61,20181,20182],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20183,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,20185,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200,20203],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,20187,130],{"class":129},[61,20189,109],{"class":75},[61,20191,1501],{"class":112},[61,20193,3658],{"class":75},[61,20195,816],{"class":190},[61,20197,819],{"class":194},[61,20199,816],{"class":190},[61,20201,20202],{"class":75},"])",[61,20204,20205],{"class":3420},"   # Ana\n",[61,20207,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222,20224],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,20209,130],{"class":129},[61,20211,109],{"class":75},[61,20213,1501],{"class":112},[61,20215,3658],{"class":75},[61,20217,816],{"class":190},[61,20219,10161],{"class":194},[61,20221,816],{"class":190},[61,20223,20202],{"class":75},[61,20225,20226],{"class":3420},"   # KeyError\n",[408,20228,20229],{"id":19506},[18,20230,10491],{},[14,20232,20233,20235],{},[18,20234,10491],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[52,20237,20239],{"className":54,"code":20238,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[18,20240,20241,20265,20269,20293],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20242,20243,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20244,1459],{"class":67},[61,20246,72],{"class":71},[61,20248,717],{"class":75},[61,20250,816],{"class":190},[61,20252,819],{"class":194},[61,20254,816],{"class":190},[61,20256,824],{"class":75},[61,20258,522],{"class":190},[61,20260,829],{"class":194},[61,20262,816],{"class":190},[61,20264,730],{"class":75},[61,20266,20267],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20268,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,20270,20271,20273,20275,20277,20279,20281,20283,20285,20287,20289,20291],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,20272,130],{"class":129},[61,20274,109],{"class":75},[61,20276,1501],{"class":112},[61,20278,244],{"class":75},[61,20280,19506],{"class":112},[61,20282,109],{"class":75},[61,20284,816],{"class":190},[61,20286,819],{"class":194},[61,20288,816],{"class":190},[61,20290,5122],{"class":75},[61,20292,20205],{"class":3420},[61,20294,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,20296,130],{"class":129},[61,20298,109],{"class":75},[61,20300,1501],{"class":112},[61,20302,244],{"class":75},[61,20304,19506],{"class":112},[61,20306,109],{"class":75},[61,20308,816],{"class":190},[61,20310,10161],{"class":194},[61,20312,816],{"class":190},[61,20314,5122],{"class":75},[61,20316,20317],{"class":3420},"   # None\n",[14,20319,1063],{},[26,20321,20322,20328],{},[29,20323,20324,20325],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[603,20326,20327],{},"must exist",[29,20329,20330,20332,20333],{},[18,20331,10491],{}," when the key is ",[603,20334,20335],{},"optional",[14,20337,20338,20339,244],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[235,20340,11015],{"href":10826},[47,20342,20344],{"id":20343},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20346,20347,20348,20350],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[18,20349,10491],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[52,20352,20354],{"className":54,"code":20353,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[18,20355,20356,20381,20385],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20357,20358,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20359,20360],{"class":67},"profile ",[61,20362,72],{"class":71},[61,20364,717],{"class":75},[61,20366,816],{"class":190},[61,20368,819],{"class":194},[61,20370,816],{"class":190},[61,20372,824],{"class":75},[61,20374,522],{"class":190},[61,20376,7679],{"class":194},[61,20378,816],{"class":190},[61,20380,730],{"class":75},[61,20382,20383],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20384,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,20386,20387,20389,20391,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408,20410,20413,20415,20417],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,20388,130],{"class":129},[61,20390,109],{"class":75},[61,20392,20393],{"class":112},"profile",[61,20395,244],{"class":75},[61,20397,19506],{"class":112},[61,20399,109],{"class":75},[61,20401,816],{"class":190},[61,20403,15017],{"class":194},[61,20405,816],{"class":190},[61,20407,83],{"class":75},[61,20409,522],{"class":190},[61,20411,20412],{"class":194},"Unknown",[61,20414,816],{"class":190},[61,20416,5122],{"class":75},[61,20418,20419],{"class":3420},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20421,20422],{},"This is useful for display text:",[26,20424,20425,20430,20435],{},[29,20426,20427],{},[18,20428,20429],{},"\"Unknown\"",[29,20431,20432],{},[18,20433,20434],{},"\"Not set\"",[29,20436,20437],{},[18,20438,20439],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20441,20442],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[52,20444,20446],{"className":54,"code":20445,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[18,20447,20448,20480,20484,20511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20449,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20451,4826],{"class":67},[61,20453,72],{"class":71},[61,20455,717],{"class":75},[61,20457,816],{"class":190},[61,20459,18173],{"class":194},[61,20461,816],{"class":190},[61,20463,824],{"class":75},[61,20465,5763],{"class":79},[61,20467,83],{"class":75},[61,20469,522],{"class":190},[61,20471,18182],{"class":194},[61,20473,816],{"class":190},[61,20475,824],{"class":75},[61,20477,6118],{"class":79},[61,20479,730],{"class":75},[61,20481,20482],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20483,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,20485,20486,20489,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501,20503,20505,20507,20509],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,20487,20488],{"class":67},"total_history ",[61,20490,72],{"class":71},[61,20492,4873],{"class":67},[61,20494,244],{"class":75},[61,20496,19506],{"class":112},[61,20498,109],{"class":75},[61,20500,816],{"class":190},[61,20502,18191],{"class":194},[61,20504,816],{"class":190},[61,20506,83],{"class":75},[61,20508,3591],{"class":79},[61,20510,116],{"class":75},[61,20512,20513,20515,20517,20520,20522],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,20514,130],{"class":129},[61,20516,109],{"class":75},[61,20518,20519],{"class":112},"total_history",[61,20521,3417],{"class":75},[61,20523,20524],{"class":3420},"   # 0\n",[14,20526,20527,20528,20530],{},"Here, ",[18,20529,675],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20532,20533],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[26,20535,20536,20539,20544,20549],{},[29,20537,20538],{},"Use a string for text",[29,20540,204,20541,20543],{},[18,20542,675],{}," for numbers",[29,20545,204,20546,20548],{},[18,20547,3545],{}," for lists if needed",[29,20550,204,20551,20553],{},[18,20552,3550],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[47,20555,20557],{"id":20556},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20559,20560,20561,244],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[18,20562,10491],{},[408,20564,20566,20568],{"id":20565},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[18,20567,10491],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20570,20571,20572,20574],{},"This code does ",[603,20573,605],{}," create a new key:",[52,20576,20578],{"className":54,"code":20577,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,20579,20580,20604,20608,20633],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20581,20582,20584,20586,20588,20590,20592,20594,20596,20598,20600,20602],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20583,809],{"class":67},[61,20585,72],{"class":71},[61,20587,717],{"class":75},[61,20589,816],{"class":190},[61,20591,819],{"class":194},[61,20593,816],{"class":190},[61,20595,824],{"class":75},[61,20597,522],{"class":190},[61,20599,829],{"class":194},[61,20601,816],{"class":190},[61,20603,730],{"class":75},[61,20605,20606],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20607,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,20609,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,20611,130],{"class":129},[61,20613,109],{"class":75},[61,20615,860],{"class":112},[61,20617,244],{"class":75},[61,20619,19506],{"class":112},[61,20621,109],{"class":75},[61,20623,816],{"class":190},[61,20625,10161],{"class":194},[61,20627,816],{"class":190},[61,20629,5122],{"class":75},[61,20631,20632],{"class":3420},"  # None\n",[61,20634,20635,20637,20639,20641,20643],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,20636,130],{"class":129},[61,20638,109],{"class":75},[61,20640,860],{"class":112},[61,20642,3417],{"class":75},[61,20644,20645],{"class":3420},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,20647,20648],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[408,20650,20652,20654],{"id":20651},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[18,20653,10491],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,20656,20657],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[52,20659,20661],{"className":54,"code":20660,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[18,20662,20663,20689,20693,20719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20664,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20676,20678,20680,20682,20685,20687],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20666,13581],{"class":67},[61,20668,72],{"class":71},[61,20670,717],{"class":75},[61,20672,816],{"class":190},[61,20674,20675],{"class":194},"mode",[61,20677,816],{"class":190},[61,20679,824],{"class":75},[61,20681,522],{"class":190},[61,20683,20684],{"class":194},"light",[61,20686,816],{"class":190},[61,20688,730],{"class":75},[61,20690,20691],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20692,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,20694,20695,20697,20699,20701,20703,20705,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,20696,13640],{"class":67},[61,20698,244],{"class":75},[61,20700,19506],{"class":112},[61,20702,109],{"class":75},[61,20704,816],{"class":190},[61,20706,12249],{"class":194},[61,20708,816],{"class":190},[61,20710,83],{"class":75},[61,20712,522],{"class":190},[61,20714,12258],{"class":194},[61,20716,816],{"class":190},[61,20718,116],{"class":75},[61,20720,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,20722,130],{"class":129},[61,20724,109],{"class":75},[61,20726,13640],{"class":112},[61,20728,3417],{"class":75},[61,20730,20731],{"class":3420},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,20733,20734,20735,20738],{},"Even though ",[18,20736,20737],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[408,20740,20742,20743],{"id":20741},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[18,20744,3536],{},[14,20746,20747,20748,2158,20750,20752],{},"Sometimes ",[18,20749,10491],{},[18,20751,3536],{}," because:",[26,20754,20755,20758],{},[29,20756,20757],{},"The key is missing, or",[29,20759,20760,20761],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[18,20762,3536],{},[14,20764,1109],{},[52,20766,20768],{"className":54,"code":20767,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[18,20769,20770,20807,20811,20835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20771,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20799,20801,20803,20805],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20773,1459],{"class":67},[61,20775,72],{"class":71},[61,20777,717],{"class":75},[61,20779,816],{"class":190},[61,20781,819],{"class":194},[61,20783,816],{"class":190},[61,20785,824],{"class":75},[61,20787,522],{"class":190},[61,20789,829],{"class":194},[61,20791,816],{"class":190},[61,20793,83],{"class":75},[61,20795,522],{"class":190},[61,20797,20798],{"class":194},"nickname",[61,20800,816],{"class":190},[61,20802,824],{"class":75},[61,20804,3610],{"class":3609},[61,20806,730],{"class":75},[61,20808,20809],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20810,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,20812,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829,20831,20833],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,20814,130],{"class":129},[61,20816,109],{"class":75},[61,20818,1501],{"class":112},[61,20820,244],{"class":75},[61,20822,19506],{"class":112},[61,20824,109],{"class":75},[61,20826,816],{"class":190},[61,20828,20798],{"class":194},[61,20830,816],{"class":190},[61,20832,5122],{"class":75},[61,20834,20632],{"class":3420},[61,20836,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,20838,130],{"class":129},[61,20840,109],{"class":75},[61,20842,1501],{"class":112},[61,20844,244],{"class":75},[61,20846,19506],{"class":112},[61,20848,109],{"class":75},[61,20850,816],{"class":190},[61,20852,10161],{"class":194},[61,20854,816],{"class":190},[61,20856,5122],{"class":75},[61,20858,20859],{"class":3420},"      # None\n",[14,20861,20862,20863,20865],{},"Both lines print ",[18,20864,3536],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,20867,20868,20869,824],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[18,20870,3641],{},[52,20872,20874],{"className":54,"code":20873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[18,20875,20876,20912,20916,20937],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20877,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20879,1459],{"class":67},[61,20881,72],{"class":71},[61,20883,717],{"class":75},[61,20885,816],{"class":190},[61,20887,819],{"class":194},[61,20889,816],{"class":190},[61,20891,824],{"class":75},[61,20893,522],{"class":190},[61,20895,829],{"class":194},[61,20897,816],{"class":190},[61,20899,83],{"class":75},[61,20901,522],{"class":190},[61,20903,20798],{"class":194},[61,20905,816],{"class":190},[61,20907,824],{"class":75},[61,20909,3610],{"class":3609},[61,20911,730],{"class":75},[61,20913,20914],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,20915,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,20917,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926,20928,20931,20933,20935],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,20919,130],{"class":129},[61,20921,109],{"class":75},[61,20923,816],{"class":190},[61,20925,20798],{"class":194},[61,20927,816],{"class":190},[61,20929,20930],{"class":3634}," in",[61,20932,14321],{"class":112},[61,20934,3417],{"class":75},[61,20936,3421],{"class":3420},[61,20938,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953,20955],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,20940,130],{"class":129},[61,20942,109],{"class":75},[61,20944,816],{"class":190},[61,20946,10161],{"class":194},[61,20948,816],{"class":190},[61,20950,20930],{"class":3634},[61,20952,14321],{"class":112},[61,20954,3417],{"class":75},[61,20956,20957],{"class":3420},"      # False\n",[14,20959,20960,20961,244],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[235,20962,20963],{"href":16910},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[47,20965,2590],{"id":2589},[14,20967,20968,20969,824],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[18,20970,10491],{},[26,20972,20973,20978,20985,20990],{},[29,20974,20975,20976],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[18,20977,19443],{},[29,20979,4466,20980,2158,20982,20984],{},[18,20981,10491],{},[18,20983,3536],{}," if no default is provided",[29,20986,4341,20987,20989],{},[18,20988,10491],{}," creates a key automatically",[29,20991,20992],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,20994,20995],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[52,20997,20999],{"className":54,"code":20998,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[18,21000,21001,21011,21025,21043,21065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21002,21003,21005,21007,21009],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21004,130],{"class":129},[61,21006,109],{"class":75},[61,21008,11203],{"class":112},[61,21010,116],{"class":75},[61,21012,21013,21015,21017,21019,21021,21023],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21014,130],{"class":129},[61,21016,109],{"class":75},[61,21018,11203],{"class":112},[61,21020,244],{"class":75},[61,21022,16680],{"class":112},[61,21024,6955],{"class":75},[61,21026,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,21028,130],{"class":129},[61,21030,109],{"class":75},[61,21032,198],{"class":190},[61,21034,819],{"class":194},[61,21036,198],{"class":190},[61,21038,20930],{"class":3634},[61,21040,11520],{"class":112},[61,21042,116],{"class":75},[61,21044,21045,21047,21049,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,21046,130],{"class":129},[61,21048,109],{"class":75},[61,21050,11203],{"class":112},[61,21052,244],{"class":75},[61,21054,19506],{"class":112},[61,21056,109],{"class":75},[61,21058,198],{"class":190},[61,21060,819],{"class":194},[61,21062,198],{"class":190},[61,21064,154],{"class":75},[61,21066,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081,21083,21085,21087,21089],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,21068,130],{"class":129},[61,21070,109],{"class":75},[61,21072,147],{"class":105},[61,21074,109],{"class":75},[61,21076,11203],{"class":112},[61,21078,244],{"class":75},[61,21080,19506],{"class":112},[61,21082,109],{"class":75},[61,21084,198],{"class":190},[61,21086,819],{"class":194},[61,21088,198],{"class":190},[61,21090,2672],{"class":75},[14,21092,21093],{},"What these checks tell you:",[26,21095,21096,21101,21107,21113,21119],{},[29,21097,21098,21100],{},[18,21099,12434],{}," shows the full dictionary",[29,21102,21103,21106],{},[18,21104,21105],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[29,21108,21109,21112],{},[18,21110,21111],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[29,21114,21115,21118],{},[18,21116,21117],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[29,21120,21121,21124],{},[18,21122,21123],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21126,21127,21128,4154,21133,21137],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[235,21129,21130,21131,10492],{"href":16819},"the dictionary ",[18,21132,16822],{},[235,21134,21130,21135,10492],{"href":16832},[18,21136,16835],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[47,21139,1620],{"id":1619},[408,21141,12459,21143,21145,21146,2251],{"id":21142},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[18,21144,10491],{}," raise ",[18,21147,19443],{},[14,21149,21150,21151,21153],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[18,21152,3536],{}," or the default value you provide.",[408,21155,12459,21157,21159],{"id":21156},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[18,21158,10491],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21161,21162],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[408,21164,21166,21167,2251],{"id":21165},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[18,21168,10491],{},[14,21170,21171,21173],{},[18,21172,3536],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[408,21175,21177,21178,21180],{"id":21176},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[18,21179,10491],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21182,204,21183,21185],{},[18,21184,10491],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[47,21187,1664],{"id":1663},[26,21189,21190,21194,21200,21206,21210,21215],{},[29,21191,21192],{},[235,21193,8914],{"href":8913},[29,21195,21196],{},[235,21197,10488,21198,10492],{"href":16819},[18,21199,16822],{},[29,21201,21202],{},[235,21203,10488,21204,10492],{"href":16832},[18,21205,16835],{},[29,21207,21208],{},[235,21209,16911],{"href":16910},[29,21211,21212],{},[235,21213,21214],{"href":16353},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[29,21216,21217],{},[235,21218,11015],{"href":10826},[1693,21220,21221],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21232,21233],{"id":20144,"depth":119,"text":20145},{"id":19506,"depth":119,"text":10491},{"id":20343,"depth":97,"text":20344},{"id":20556,"depth":97,"text":20557,"children":21236},[21237,21239,21241],{"id":20565,"depth":119,"text":21238},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20651,"depth":119,"text":21240},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20741,"depth":119,"text":21242},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":21245},[21246,21248,21250,21252],{"id":21142,"depth":119,"text":21247},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21156,"depth":119,"text":21249},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21165,"depth":119,"text":21251},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21176,"depth":119,"text":21253},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19424,"description":21255},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21262,"title":21263,"body":21264,"description":23821,"extension":1727,"meta":23822,"navigation":122,"path":23823,"seo":23824,"stem":23825,"__hash__":23826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21265,"toc":23787},[21266,21271,21277,21283,21285,21367,21371,21388,21393,21398,21403,21405,21419,21421,21484,21488,21528,21536,21538,21540,21555,21558,21571,21573,21652,21656,21722,21724,21728,21736,21738,21749,21751,21861,21865,21944,21950,21956,21961,22074,22078,22110,22113,22220,22226,22233,22237,22240,22343,22347,22408,22411,22414,22425,22434,22437,22454,22456,22555,22559,22634,22637,22660,22665,22670,22687,22689,22810,22814,22848,22850,22855,22862,22872,22874,22952,22955,23026,23036,23039,23071,23074,23113,23119,23126,23129,23220,23224,23305,23311,23314,23317,23422,23425,23428,23550,23554,23557,23624,23628,23665,23671,23673,23679,23684,23690,23697,23703,23706,23745,23751,23754,23756,23784],[10,21267,11071,21269,11075],{"id":21268},"python-dictionary-items-method",[18,21270,16835],{},[14,21272,1744,21273,21276],{},[18,21274,21275],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21278,21279,21280,21282],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[18,21281,16835],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[47,21284,50],{"id":49},[52,21286,21288],{"className":54,"code":21287,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,21289,21290,21326,21330,21353],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21291,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21293,809],{"class":67},[61,21295,72],{"class":71},[61,21297,717],{"class":75},[61,21299,816],{"class":190},[61,21301,819],{"class":194},[61,21303,816],{"class":190},[61,21305,824],{"class":75},[61,21307,522],{"class":190},[61,21309,829],{"class":194},[61,21311,816],{"class":190},[61,21313,83],{"class":75},[61,21315,522],{"class":190},[61,21317,838],{"class":194},[61,21319,816],{"class":190},[61,21321,824],{"class":75},[61,21323,845],{"class":79},[61,21325,730],{"class":75},[61,21327,21328],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21329,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,21331,21332,21334,21337,21339,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,21333,5717],{"class":3634},[61,21335,21336],{"class":67}," key",[61,21338,83],{"class":75},[61,21340,21341],{"class":67}," value ",[61,21343,3641],{"class":3634},[61,21345,13002],{"class":67},[61,21347,244],{"class":75},[61,21349,993],{"class":112},[61,21351,21352],{"class":75},"():\n",[61,21354,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,21356,7827],{"class":129},[61,21358,109],{"class":75},[61,21360,14596],{"class":112},[61,21362,83],{"class":75},[61,21364,8191],{"class":112},[61,21366,116],{"class":75},[14,21368,21369],{},[603,21370,157],{},[52,21372,21374],{"className":54,"code":21373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[18,21375,21376,21381],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21377,21378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21379,21380],{"class":67},"name Ana\n",[61,21382,21383,21386],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21384,21385],{"class":67},"age ",[61,21387,2468],{"class":79},[14,21389,204,21390,21392],{},[18,21391,16835],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[47,21394,3435,21396,3438],{"id":21395},"what-items-does",[18,21397,16835],{},[14,21399,21400,21402],{},[18,21401,16835],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21404,277],{},[26,21406,21407,21413,21416],{},[29,21408,21409,21410],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[18,21411,21412],{},"(key, value)",[29,21414,21415],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[29,21417,21418],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21420,1109],{},[52,21422,21424],{"className":54,"code":21423,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,21425,21426,21462,21466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21427,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21429,809],{"class":67},[61,21431,72],{"class":71},[61,21433,717],{"class":75},[61,21435,816],{"class":190},[61,21437,819],{"class":194},[61,21439,816],{"class":190},[61,21441,824],{"class":75},[61,21443,522],{"class":190},[61,21445,829],{"class":194},[61,21447,816],{"class":190},[61,21449,83],{"class":75},[61,21451,522],{"class":190},[61,21453,838],{"class":194},[61,21455,816],{"class":190},[61,21457,824],{"class":75},[61,21459,845],{"class":79},[61,21461,730],{"class":75},[61,21463,21464],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21465,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,21467,21468,21470,21472,21474,21476,21478,21480,21482],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,21469,130],{"class":129},[61,21471,109],{"class":75},[61,21473,7852],{"class":105},[61,21475,109],{"class":75},[61,21477,860],{"class":112},[61,21479,244],{"class":75},[61,21481,993],{"class":112},[61,21483,996],{"class":75},[14,21485,21486],{},[603,21487,157],{},[52,21489,21491],{"className":54,"code":21490,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,21492,21493],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21494,21495,21498,21500,21502,21504,21506,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21496,21497],{"class":75},"[(",[61,21499,198],{"class":190},[61,21501,819],{"class":194},[61,21503,198],{"class":190},[61,21505,83],{"class":75},[61,21507,191],{"class":190},[61,21509,829],{"class":194},[61,21511,198],{"class":190},[61,21513,1045],{"class":75},[61,21515,1048],{"class":75},[61,21517,198],{"class":190},[61,21519,838],{"class":194},[61,21521,198],{"class":190},[61,21523,83],{"class":75},[61,21525,845],{"class":79},[61,21527,9004],{"class":75},[14,21529,21530,21531,2638,21533,244],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[235,21532,8914],{"href":12778},[235,21534,14780],{"href":21535},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[47,21537,248],{"id":247},[14,21539,5195],{},[52,21541,21543],{"className":54,"code":21542,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.items()\n",[18,21544,21545],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21546,21547,21549,21551,21553],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21548,11203],{"class":67},[61,21550,244],{"class":75},[61,21552,993],{"class":112},[61,21554,263],{"class":75},[14,21556,21557],{},"Things to remember:",[26,21559,21560,21565,21568],{},[29,21561,21562,21564],{},[18,21563,16835],{}," does not take any arguments",[29,21566,21567],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[29,21569,21570],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21572,1109],{},[52,21574,21576],{"className":54,"code":21575,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,21577,21578,21610,21614,21628,21632,21642],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21579,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592,21594,21596,21598,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21581,4826],{"class":67},[61,21583,72],{"class":71},[61,21585,717],{"class":75},[61,21587,816],{"class":190},[61,21589,4766],{"class":194},[61,21591,816],{"class":190},[61,21593,824],{"class":75},[61,21595,19654],{"class":79},[61,21597,83],{"class":75},[61,21599,522],{"class":190},[61,21601,4775],{"class":194},[61,21603,816],{"class":190},[61,21605,824],{"class":75},[61,21607,13262],{"class":79},[61,21609,730],{"class":75},[61,21611,21612],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21613,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,21615,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,21617,100],{"class":67},[61,21619,72],{"class":71},[61,21621,4873],{"class":67},[61,21623,244],{"class":75},[61,21625,993],{"class":112},[61,21627,263],{"class":75},[61,21629,21630],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,21631,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,21633,21634,21636,21638,21640],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,21635,130],{"class":129},[61,21637,109],{"class":75},[61,21639,135],{"class":112},[61,21641,116],{"class":75},[61,21643,21644,21646,21648,21650],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,21645,130],{"class":129},[61,21647,109],{"class":75},[61,21649,16145],{"class":112},[61,21651,116],{"class":75},[14,21653,21654],{},[603,21655,157],{},[52,21657,21659],{"className":54,"code":21658,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[18,21660,21661,21694],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21662,21663,21666,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686,21688,21690,21692],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21664,21665],{"class":112},"dict_items",[61,21667,9410],{"class":75},[61,21669,198],{"class":190},[61,21671,4766],{"class":194},[61,21673,198],{"class":190},[61,21675,83],{"class":75},[61,21677,19654],{"class":79},[61,21679,1045],{"class":75},[61,21681,1048],{"class":75},[61,21683,198],{"class":190},[61,21685,4775],{"class":194},[61,21687,198],{"class":190},[61,21689,83],{"class":75},[61,21691,13262],{"class":79},[61,21693,10430],{"class":75},[61,21695,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21697,9033],{"class":75},[61,21699,198],{"class":190},[61,21701,4766],{"class":194},[61,21703,198],{"class":190},[61,21705,824],{"class":75},[61,21707,19654],{"class":79},[61,21709,83],{"class":75},[61,21711,191],{"class":190},[61,21713,4775],{"class":194},[61,21715,198],{"class":190},[61,21717,824],{"class":75},[61,21719,13262],{"class":79},[61,21721,730],{"class":75},[14,21723,20648],{},[47,21725,21727],{"id":21726},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,21729,21730,21732,21733,21735],{},[18,21731,16835],{}," returns a ",[18,21734,21665],{}," view object.",[14,21737,1871],{},[26,21739,21740,21743,21746],{},[29,21741,21742],{},"You can loop over it",[29,21744,21745],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[29,21747,21748],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,21750,1109],{},[52,21752,21754],{"className":54,"code":21753,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,21755,21756,21788,21802,21806,21820,21824,21843,21847],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21757,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21759,1459],{"class":67},[61,21761,72],{"class":71},[61,21763,717],{"class":75},[61,21765,816],{"class":190},[61,21767,1936],{"class":194},[61,21769,816],{"class":190},[61,21771,824],{"class":75},[61,21773,680],{"class":79},[61,21775,83],{"class":75},[61,21777,522],{"class":190},[61,21779,11499],{"class":194},[61,21781,816],{"class":190},[61,21783,824],{"class":75},[61,21785,86],{"class":79},[61,21787,730],{"class":75},[61,21789,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21791,8972],{"class":67},[61,21793,72],{"class":71},[61,21795,14321],{"class":67},[61,21797,244],{"class":75},[61,21799,993],{"class":112},[61,21801,263],{"class":75},[61,21803,21804],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,21805,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,21807,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,21809,130],{"class":129},[61,21811,109],{"class":75},[61,21813,7852],{"class":105},[61,21815,109],{"class":75},[61,21817,9017],{"class":112},[61,21819,154],{"class":75},[61,21821,21822],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,21823,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,21825,21826,21828,21830,21832,21835,21837,21839,21841],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,21827,1501],{"class":67},[61,21829,3658],{"class":75},[61,21831,816],{"class":190},[61,21833,21834],{"class":194},"z",[61,21836,816],{"class":190},[61,21838,13028],{"class":75},[61,21840,13031],{"class":71},[61,21842,2336],{"class":79},[61,21844,21845],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,21846,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,21848,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,21850,130],{"class":129},[61,21852,109],{"class":75},[61,21854,7852],{"class":105},[61,21856,109],{"class":75},[61,21858,9017],{"class":112},[61,21860,154],{"class":75},[14,21862,21863],{},[603,21864,157],{},[52,21866,21868],{"className":54,"code":21867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[18,21869,21870,21900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21871,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21873,21497],{"class":75},[61,21875,198],{"class":190},[61,21877,1936],{"class":194},[61,21879,198],{"class":190},[61,21881,83],{"class":75},[61,21883,680],{"class":79},[61,21885,1045],{"class":75},[61,21887,1048],{"class":75},[61,21889,198],{"class":190},[61,21891,11499],{"class":194},[61,21893,198],{"class":190},[61,21895,83],{"class":75},[61,21897,86],{"class":79},[61,21899,9004],{"class":75},[61,21901,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,21903,21497],{"class":75},[61,21905,198],{"class":190},[61,21907,1936],{"class":194},[61,21909,198],{"class":190},[61,21911,83],{"class":75},[61,21913,680],{"class":79},[61,21915,1045],{"class":75},[61,21917,1048],{"class":75},[61,21919,198],{"class":190},[61,21921,11499],{"class":194},[61,21923,198],{"class":190},[61,21925,83],{"class":75},[61,21927,86],{"class":79},[61,21929,1045],{"class":75},[61,21931,1048],{"class":75},[61,21933,198],{"class":190},[61,21935,21834],{"class":194},[61,21937,198],{"class":190},[61,21939,83],{"class":75},[61,21941,91],{"class":79},[61,21943,9004],{"class":75},[14,21945,21946,21947,21949],{},"This happens because ",[18,21948,9017],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[47,21951,21953,21954],{"id":21952},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[18,21955,16835],{},[14,21957,21958,21959,824],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[18,21960,16835],{},[52,21962,21964],{"className":54,"code":21963,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,21965,21966,22019,22023,22043],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21967,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21969,12619],{"class":67},[61,21971,72],{"class":71},[61,21973,717],{"class":75},[61,21975,816],{"class":190},[61,21977,819],{"class":194},[61,21979,816],{"class":190},[61,21981,824],{"class":75},[61,21983,522],{"class":190},[61,21985,7679],{"class":194},[61,21987,816],{"class":190},[61,21989,83],{"class":75},[61,21991,522],{"class":190},[61,21993,19647],{"class":194},[61,21995,816],{"class":190},[61,21997,824],{"class":75},[61,21999,522],{"class":190},[61,22001,22002],{"class":194},"A",[61,22004,816],{"class":190},[61,22006,83],{"class":75},[61,22008,522],{"class":190},[61,22010,838],{"class":194},[61,22012,816],{"class":190},[61,22014,824],{"class":75},[61,22016,13613],{"class":79},[61,22018,730],{"class":75},[61,22020,22021],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22022,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,22024,22025,22027,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,22026,5717],{"class":3634},[61,22028,21336],{"class":67},[61,22030,83],{"class":75},[61,22032,21341],{"class":67},[61,22034,3641],{"class":3634},[61,22036,12661],{"class":67},[61,22038,244],{"class":75},[61,22040,993],{"class":112},[61,22042,21352],{"class":75},[61,22044,22045,22047,22049,22052,22054,22056,22058,22061,22064,22066,22068,22070,22072],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,22046,7827],{"class":129},[61,22048,109],{"class":75},[61,22050,22051],{"class":186},"f",[61,22053,816],{"class":194},[61,22055,9033],{"class":79},[61,22057,14596],{"class":112},[61,22059,22060],{"class":79},"}",[61,22062,22063],{"class":194},": ",[61,22065,9033],{"class":79},[61,22067,1605],{"class":112},[61,22069,22060],{"class":79},[61,22071,816],{"class":194},[61,22073,116],{"class":75},[14,22075,22076],{},[603,22077,157],{},[52,22079,22081],{"className":54,"code":22080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[18,22082,22083,22092,22101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22084,22085,22087,22089],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22086,819],{"class":67},[61,22088,824],{"class":75},[61,22090,22091],{"class":67}," Mia\n",[61,22093,22094,22096,22098],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22095,19647],{"class":67},[61,22097,824],{"class":75},[61,22099,22100],{"class":67}," A\n",[61,22102,22103,22105,22107],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,22104,838],{"class":67},[61,22106,824],{"class":75},[61,22108,22109],{"class":79}," 14\n",[14,22111,22112],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[52,22114,22116],{"className":54,"code":22115,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[18,22117,22118,22170,22174,22186],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22119,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22121,12619],{"class":67},[61,22123,72],{"class":71},[61,22125,717],{"class":75},[61,22127,816],{"class":190},[61,22129,819],{"class":194},[61,22131,816],{"class":190},[61,22133,824],{"class":75},[61,22135,522],{"class":190},[61,22137,7679],{"class":194},[61,22139,816],{"class":190},[61,22141,83],{"class":75},[61,22143,522],{"class":190},[61,22145,19647],{"class":194},[61,22147,816],{"class":190},[61,22149,824],{"class":75},[61,22151,522],{"class":190},[61,22153,22002],{"class":194},[61,22155,816],{"class":190},[61,22157,83],{"class":75},[61,22159,522],{"class":190},[61,22161,838],{"class":194},[61,22163,816],{"class":190},[61,22165,824],{"class":75},[61,22167,13613],{"class":79},[61,22169,730],{"class":75},[61,22171,22172],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22173,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,22175,22176,22178,22180,22182,22184],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,22177,5717],{"class":3634},[61,22179,17966],{"class":67},[61,22181,3641],{"class":3634},[61,22183,12661],{"class":67},[61,22185,6152],{"class":75},[61,22187,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,22189,7827],{"class":129},[61,22191,109],{"class":75},[61,22193,22051],{"class":186},[61,22195,816],{"class":194},[61,22197,9033],{"class":79},[61,22199,14596],{"class":112},[61,22201,22060],{"class":79},[61,22203,22063],{"class":194},[61,22205,9033],{"class":79},[61,22207,13381],{"class":112},[61,22209,3658],{"class":75},[61,22211,14596],{"class":112},[61,22213,13028],{"class":75},[61,22215,22060],{"class":79},[61,22217,816],{"class":194},[61,22219,116],{"class":75},[14,22221,6270,22222,22225],{},[18,22223,22224],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22227,22228,22229,244],{},"For a full guide, see ",[235,22230,22232],{"href":22231},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[47,22234,22236],{"id":22235},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22238,22239],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[52,22241,22243],{"className":54,"code":22242,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[18,22244,22245,22304,22308,22328,22332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22246,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22282,22284,22286,22288,22291,22293,22295,22297,22300,22302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22248,12831],{"class":67},[61,22250,72],{"class":71},[61,22252,717],{"class":75},[61,22254,816],{"class":190},[61,22256,3838],{"class":194},[61,22258,816],{"class":190},[61,22260,824],{"class":75},[61,22262,522],{"class":190},[61,22264,12848],{"class":194},[61,22266,816],{"class":190},[61,22268,83],{"class":75},[61,22270,522],{"class":190},[61,22272,3847],{"class":194},[61,22274,816],{"class":190},[61,22276,824],{"class":75},[61,22278,522],{"class":190},[61,22280,22281],{"class":194},"yellow",[61,22283,816],{"class":190},[61,22285,83],{"class":75},[61,22287,522],{"class":190},[61,22289,22290],{"class":194},"grape",[61,22292,816],{"class":190},[61,22294,824],{"class":75},[61,22296,522],{"class":190},[61,22298,22299],{"class":194},"purple",[61,22301,816],{"class":190},[61,22303,730],{"class":75},[61,22305,22306],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22307,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,22309,22310,22313,22315,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,22311,22312],{"class":67},"pairs_list ",[61,22314,72],{"class":71},[61,22316,22317],{"class":105}," list",[61,22319,109],{"class":75},[61,22321,17259],{"class":112},[61,22323,244],{"class":75},[61,22325,993],{"class":112},[61,22327,6955],{"class":75},[61,22329,22330],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,22331,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,22333,22334,22336,22338,22341],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,22335,130],{"class":129},[61,22337,109],{"class":75},[61,22339,22340],{"class":112},"pairs_list",[61,22342,116],{"class":75},[14,22344,22345],{},[603,22346,157],{},[52,22348,22350],{"className":54,"code":22349,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[18,22351,22352],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22353,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22355,21497],{"class":75},[61,22357,198],{"class":190},[61,22359,3838],{"class":194},[61,22361,198],{"class":190},[61,22363,83],{"class":75},[61,22365,191],{"class":190},[61,22367,12848],{"class":194},[61,22369,198],{"class":190},[61,22371,1045],{"class":75},[61,22373,1048],{"class":75},[61,22375,198],{"class":190},[61,22377,3847],{"class":194},[61,22379,198],{"class":190},[61,22381,83],{"class":75},[61,22383,191],{"class":190},[61,22385,22281],{"class":194},[61,22387,198],{"class":190},[61,22389,1045],{"class":75},[61,22391,1048],{"class":75},[61,22393,198],{"class":190},[61,22395,22290],{"class":194},[61,22397,198],{"class":190},[61,22399,83],{"class":75},[61,22401,191],{"class":190},[61,22403,22299],{"class":194},[61,22405,198],{"class":190},[61,22407,9004],{"class":75},[14,22409,22410],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22412,22413],{},"Use this when:",[26,22415,22416,22419,22422],{},[29,22417,22418],{},"You want clearer printed output",[29,22420,22421],{},"You need list behavior",[29,22423,22424],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[47,22426,22428,10337,22430,10337,22432],{"id":22427},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[18,22429,16835],{},[18,22431,16822],{},[18,22433,16828],{},[14,22435,22436],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[26,22438,22439,22444,22449],{},[29,22440,22441,22443],{},[18,22442,16835],{}," gives both key and value",[29,22445,22446,22448],{},[18,22447,16822],{}," gives only keys",[29,22450,22451,22453],{},[18,22452,16828],{}," gives only values",[14,22455,1109],{},[52,22457,22459],{"className":54,"code":22458,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,22460,22461,22497,22501,22519,22537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22462,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22477,22479,22481,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22464,809],{"class":67},[61,22466,72],{"class":71},[61,22468,717],{"class":75},[61,22470,816],{"class":190},[61,22472,819],{"class":194},[61,22474,816],{"class":190},[61,22476,824],{"class":75},[61,22478,522],{"class":190},[61,22480,829],{"class":194},[61,22482,816],{"class":190},[61,22484,83],{"class":75},[61,22486,522],{"class":190},[61,22488,838],{"class":194},[61,22490,816],{"class":190},[61,22492,824],{"class":75},[61,22494,845],{"class":79},[61,22496,730],{"class":75},[61,22498,22499],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22500,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,22502,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,22504,130],{"class":129},[61,22506,109],{"class":75},[61,22508,7852],{"class":105},[61,22510,109],{"class":75},[61,22512,860],{"class":112},[61,22514,244],{"class":75},[61,22516,16680],{"class":112},[61,22518,996],{"class":75},[61,22520,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,22522,130],{"class":129},[61,22524,109],{"class":75},[61,22526,7852],{"class":105},[61,22528,109],{"class":75},[61,22530,860],{"class":112},[61,22532,244],{"class":75},[61,22534,743],{"class":112},[61,22536,996],{"class":75},[61,22538,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,22540,130],{"class":129},[61,22542,109],{"class":75},[61,22544,7852],{"class":105},[61,22546,109],{"class":75},[61,22548,860],{"class":112},[61,22550,244],{"class":75},[61,22552,993],{"class":112},[61,22554,996],{"class":75},[14,22556,22557],{},[603,22558,157],{},[52,22560,22562],{"className":54,"code":22561,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,22563,22564,22584,22600],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22565,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22567,3658],{"class":75},[61,22569,198],{"class":190},[61,22571,819],{"class":194},[61,22573,198],{"class":190},[61,22575,83],{"class":75},[61,22577,191],{"class":190},[61,22579,838],{"class":194},[61,22581,198],{"class":190},[61,22583,94],{"class":75},[61,22585,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596,22598],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22587,3658],{"class":75},[61,22589,198],{"class":190},[61,22591,829],{"class":194},[61,22593,198],{"class":190},[61,22595,83],{"class":75},[61,22597,845],{"class":79},[61,22599,94],{"class":75},[61,22601,22602,22604,22606,22608,22610,22612,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,22603,21497],{"class":75},[61,22605,198],{"class":190},[61,22607,819],{"class":194},[61,22609,198],{"class":190},[61,22611,83],{"class":75},[61,22613,191],{"class":190},[61,22615,829],{"class":194},[61,22617,198],{"class":190},[61,22619,1045],{"class":75},[61,22621,1048],{"class":75},[61,22623,198],{"class":190},[61,22625,838],{"class":194},[61,22627,198],{"class":190},[61,22629,83],{"class":75},[61,22631,845],{"class":79},[61,22633,9004],{"class":75},[14,22635,22636],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[26,22638,22639,22647,22655],{},[29,22640,22641,22642],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[235,22643,22645],{"href":22644},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[18,22646,16822],{},[29,22648,22649,22650],{},"Need just values? Use ",[235,22651,22653],{"href":22652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[18,22654,16828],{},[29,22656,22657,22658],{},"Need both together? Use ",[18,22659,16835],{},[47,22661,4723,22663],{"id":22662},"when-to-use-items",[18,22664,16835],{},[14,22666,22667,22669],{},[18,22668,16835],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[26,22671,22672,22675,22678,22681,22684],{},[29,22673,22674],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[29,22676,22677],{},"Building formatted output",[29,22679,22680],{},"Looping through settings and values",[29,22682,22683],{},"Showing names with scores",[29,22685,22686],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,22688,1109],{},[52,22690,22692],{"className":54,"code":22691,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[18,22693,22694,22702,22720,22739,22751,22755,22759,22780],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22695,22696,22698,22700],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22697,13581],{"class":67},[61,22699,72],{"class":71},[61,22701,11246],{"class":75},[61,22703,22704,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22705,11251],{"class":190},[61,22707,12249],{"class":194},[61,22709,816],{"class":190},[61,22711,824],{"class":75},[61,22713,522],{"class":190},[61,22715,12258],{"class":194},[61,22717,816],{"class":190},[61,22719,11267],{"class":75},[61,22721,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22735,22737],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,22723,11251],{"class":190},[61,22725,19879],{"class":194},[61,22727,816],{"class":190},[61,22729,824],{"class":75},[61,22731,522],{"class":190},[61,22733,22734],{"class":194},"English",[61,22736,816],{"class":190},[61,22738,11267],{"class":75},[61,22740,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,22742,11251],{"class":190},[61,22744,18281],{"class":194},[61,22746,816],{"class":190},[61,22748,824],{"class":75},[61,22750,6182],{"class":3609},[61,22752,22753],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,22754,730],{"class":75},[61,22756,22757],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,22758,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,22760,22761,22763,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,22762,5717],{"class":3634},[61,22764,22765],{"class":67}," setting",[61,22767,83],{"class":75},[61,22769,21341],{"class":67},[61,22771,3641],{"class":3634},[61,22773,13625],{"class":67},[61,22775,244],{"class":75},[61,22777,993],{"class":112},[61,22779,21352],{"class":75},[61,22781,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22795,22797,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,22783,7827],{"class":129},[61,22785,109],{"class":75},[61,22787,22051],{"class":186},[61,22789,816],{"class":194},[61,22791,9033],{"class":79},[61,22793,22794],{"class":112},"setting",[61,22796,22060],{"class":79},[61,22798,22799],{"class":194}," = ",[61,22801,9033],{"class":79},[61,22803,1605],{"class":112},[61,22805,22060],{"class":79},[61,22807,816],{"class":194},[61,22809,116],{"class":75},[14,22811,22812],{},[603,22813,157],{},[52,22815,22817],{"className":54,"code":22816,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[18,22818,22819,22829,22839],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22820,22821,22824,22826],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22822,22823],{"class":67},"theme ",[61,22825,72],{"class":71},[61,22827,22828],{"class":67}," dark\n",[61,22830,22831,22834,22836],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22832,22833],{"class":67},"language ",[61,22835,72],{"class":71},[61,22837,22838],{"class":67}," English\n",[61,22840,22841,22844,22846],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,22842,22843],{"class":67},"notifications ",[61,22845,72],{"class":71},[61,22847,6182],{"class":3609},[47,22849,2590],{"id":2589},[14,22851,22852,22853,244],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,22854,16835],{},[408,22856,22858,22859,22861],{"id":22857},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[18,22860,16835],{}," incorrectly",[14,22863,22864,22865,22867,22868,22871],{},"Each result from ",[18,22866,16835],{}," has ",[603,22869,22870],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,22873,6448],{},[52,22875,22876],{"className":54,"code":21287,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,22877,22878,22914,22918,22938],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22879,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22881,809],{"class":67},[61,22883,72],{"class":71},[61,22885,717],{"class":75},[61,22887,816],{"class":190},[61,22889,819],{"class":194},[61,22891,816],{"class":190},[61,22893,824],{"class":75},[61,22895,522],{"class":190},[61,22897,829],{"class":194},[61,22899,816],{"class":190},[61,22901,83],{"class":75},[61,22903,522],{"class":190},[61,22905,838],{"class":194},[61,22907,816],{"class":190},[61,22909,824],{"class":75},[61,22911,845],{"class":79},[61,22913,730],{"class":75},[61,22915,22916],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22917,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,22919,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,22921,5717],{"class":3634},[61,22923,21336],{"class":67},[61,22925,83],{"class":75},[61,22927,21341],{"class":67},[61,22929,3641],{"class":3634},[61,22931,13002],{"class":67},[61,22933,244],{"class":75},[61,22935,993],{"class":112},[61,22937,21352],{"class":75},[61,22939,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,22941,7827],{"class":129},[61,22943,109],{"class":75},[61,22945,14596],{"class":112},[61,22947,83],{"class":75},[61,22949,8191],{"class":112},[61,22951,116],{"class":75},[14,22953,22954],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[52,22956,22958],{"className":54,"code":22957,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[18,22959,22960,22996,23000,23016],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22961,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22963,809],{"class":67},[61,22965,72],{"class":71},[61,22967,717],{"class":75},[61,22969,816],{"class":190},[61,22971,819],{"class":194},[61,22973,816],{"class":190},[61,22975,824],{"class":75},[61,22977,522],{"class":190},[61,22979,829],{"class":194},[61,22981,816],{"class":190},[61,22983,83],{"class":75},[61,22985,522],{"class":190},[61,22987,838],{"class":194},[61,22989,816],{"class":190},[61,22991,824],{"class":75},[61,22993,845],{"class":79},[61,22995,730],{"class":75},[61,22997,22998],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,22999,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,23001,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,23003,5717],{"class":3634},[61,23005,17966],{"class":67},[61,23007,3641],{"class":3634},[61,23009,13002],{"class":67},[61,23011,244],{"class":75},[61,23013,993],{"class":112},[61,23015,21352],{"class":75},[61,23017,23018,23020,23022,23024],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,23019,7827],{"class":129},[61,23021,109],{"class":75},[61,23023,14596],{"class":112},[61,23025,116],{"class":75},[14,23027,23028,23029,23031,23032,23035],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[18,23030,14596],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[18,23033,23034],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23037,23038],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[52,23040,23042],{"className":54,"code":23041,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23043,23044,23060],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23045,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23047,5717],{"class":3634},[61,23049,5720],{"class":67},[61,23051,3641],{"class":3634},[61,23053,13002],{"class":67},[61,23055,244],{"class":75},[61,23057,993],{"class":112},[61,23059,21352],{"class":75},[61,23061,23062,23064,23066,23069],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23063,7827],{"class":129},[61,23065,109],{"class":75},[61,23067,23068],{"class":112},"item",[61,23070,116],{"class":75},[14,23072,23073],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[52,23075,23077],{"className":54,"code":23076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23078,23079,23099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23080,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23082,5717],{"class":3634},[61,23084,21336],{"class":67},[61,23086,83],{"class":75},[61,23088,21341],{"class":67},[61,23090,3641],{"class":3634},[61,23092,13002],{"class":67},[61,23094,244],{"class":75},[61,23096,993],{"class":112},[61,23098,21352],{"class":75},[61,23100,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23102,7827],{"class":129},[61,23104,109],{"class":75},[61,23106,14596],{"class":112},[61,23108,83],{"class":75},[61,23110,8191],{"class":112},[61,23112,116],{"class":75},[408,23114,8211,23116,23118],{"id":23115},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[18,23117,16835],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23120,23121,21732,23123,23125],{},[18,23122,16835],{},[18,23124,21665],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23127,23128],{},"Check it:",[52,23130,23132],{"className":54,"code":23131,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[18,23133,23134,23166,23170,23184,23202],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23135,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23137,11478],{"class":67},[61,23139,72],{"class":71},[61,23141,717],{"class":75},[61,23143,816],{"class":190},[61,23145,235],{"class":194},[61,23147,816],{"class":190},[61,23149,824],{"class":75},[61,23151,680],{"class":79},[61,23153,83],{"class":75},[61,23155,522],{"class":190},[61,23157,1480],{"class":194},[61,23159,816],{"class":190},[61,23161,824],{"class":75},[61,23163,86],{"class":79},[61,23165,730],{"class":75},[61,23167,23168],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23169,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,23171,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,23173,130],{"class":129},[61,23175,109],{"class":75},[61,23177,11203],{"class":112},[61,23179,244],{"class":75},[61,23181,993],{"class":112},[61,23183,6955],{"class":75},[61,23185,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,23187,130],{"class":129},[61,23189,109],{"class":75},[61,23191,147],{"class":105},[61,23193,109],{"class":75},[61,23195,11203],{"class":112},[61,23197,244],{"class":75},[61,23199,993],{"class":112},[61,23201,996],{"class":75},[61,23203,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,23205,130],{"class":129},[61,23207,109],{"class":75},[61,23209,7852],{"class":105},[61,23211,109],{"class":75},[61,23213,11203],{"class":112},[61,23215,244],{"class":75},[61,23217,993],{"class":112},[61,23219,996],{"class":75},[14,23221,23222],{},[603,23223,157],{},[52,23225,23227],{"className":54,"code":23226,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[18,23228,23229,23261,23275],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23230,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23232,21665],{"class":112},[61,23234,9410],{"class":75},[61,23236,198],{"class":190},[61,23238,235],{"class":194},[61,23240,198],{"class":190},[61,23242,83],{"class":75},[61,23244,680],{"class":79},[61,23246,1045],{"class":75},[61,23248,1048],{"class":75},[61,23250,198],{"class":190},[61,23252,1480],{"class":194},[61,23254,198],{"class":190},[61,23256,83],{"class":75},[61,23258,86],{"class":79},[61,23260,10430],{"class":75},[61,23262,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23264,183],{"class":71},[61,23266,187],{"class":186},[61,23268,191],{"class":190},[61,23270,21665],{"class":194},[61,23272,198],{"class":190},[61,23274,201],{"class":71},[61,23276,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,23278,21497],{"class":75},[61,23280,198],{"class":190},[61,23282,235],{"class":194},[61,23284,198],{"class":190},[61,23286,83],{"class":75},[61,23288,680],{"class":79},[61,23290,1045],{"class":75},[61,23292,1048],{"class":75},[61,23294,198],{"class":190},[61,23296,1480],{"class":194},[61,23298,198],{"class":190},[61,23300,83],{"class":75},[61,23302,86],{"class":79},[61,23304,9004],{"class":75},[408,23306,23308,23309],{"id":23307},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[18,23310,16835],{},[14,23312,23313],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23315,23316],{},"Problem example:",[52,23318,23320],{"className":54,"code":23319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[18,23321,23322,23366,23370,23390,23402],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23323,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23325,68],{"class":67},[61,23327,72],{"class":71},[61,23329,717],{"class":75},[61,23331,816],{"class":190},[61,23333,235],{"class":194},[61,23335,816],{"class":190},[61,23337,824],{"class":75},[61,23339,680],{"class":79},[61,23341,83],{"class":75},[61,23343,522],{"class":190},[61,23345,1480],{"class":194},[61,23347,816],{"class":190},[61,23349,824],{"class":75},[61,23351,86],{"class":79},[61,23353,83],{"class":75},[61,23355,522],{"class":190},[61,23357,573],{"class":194},[61,23359,816],{"class":190},[61,23361,824],{"class":75},[61,23363,91],{"class":79},[61,23365,730],{"class":75},[61,23367,23368],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23369,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,23371,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,23373,5717],{"class":3634},[61,23375,21336],{"class":67},[61,23377,83],{"class":75},[61,23379,21341],{"class":67},[61,23381,3641],{"class":3634},[61,23383,4023],{"class":67},[61,23385,244],{"class":75},[61,23387,993],{"class":112},[61,23389,21352],{"class":75},[61,23391,23392,23394,23396,23398,23400],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,23393,6157],{"class":3634},[61,23395,21341],{"class":67},[61,23397,4450],{"class":71},[61,23399,86],{"class":79},[61,23401,6152],{"class":75},[61,23403,23404,23407,23409,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,23405,23406],{"class":67},"        numbers",[61,23408,3658],{"class":75},[61,23410,816],{"class":190},[61,23412,18523],{"class":194},[61,23414,816],{"class":190},[61,23416,13028],{"class":75},[61,23418,13031],{"class":71},[61,23420,23421],{"class":79}," 4\n",[14,23423,23424],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23426,23427],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[52,23429,23431],{"className":54,"code":23430,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,23432,23433,23477,23481,23506,23518,23536,23540],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23434,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23436,68],{"class":67},[61,23438,72],{"class":71},[61,23440,717],{"class":75},[61,23442,816],{"class":190},[61,23444,235],{"class":194},[61,23446,816],{"class":190},[61,23448,824],{"class":75},[61,23450,680],{"class":79},[61,23452,83],{"class":75},[61,23454,522],{"class":190},[61,23456,1480],{"class":194},[61,23458,816],{"class":190},[61,23460,824],{"class":75},[61,23462,86],{"class":79},[61,23464,83],{"class":75},[61,23466,522],{"class":190},[61,23468,573],{"class":194},[61,23470,816],{"class":190},[61,23472,824],{"class":75},[61,23474,91],{"class":79},[61,23476,730],{"class":75},[61,23478,23479],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23480,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,23482,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501,23503],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,23484,5717],{"class":3634},[61,23486,21336],{"class":67},[61,23488,83],{"class":75},[61,23490,21341],{"class":67},[61,23492,3641],{"class":3634},[61,23494,22317],{"class":105},[61,23496,109],{"class":75},[61,23498,113],{"class":112},[61,23500,244],{"class":75},[61,23502,993],{"class":112},[61,23504,23505],{"class":75},"()):\n",[61,23507,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,23509,6157],{"class":3634},[61,23511,21341],{"class":67},[61,23513,4450],{"class":71},[61,23515,86],{"class":79},[61,23517,6152],{"class":75},[61,23519,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,23521,23406],{"class":67},[61,23523,3658],{"class":75},[61,23525,816],{"class":190},[61,23527,18523],{"class":194},[61,23529,816],{"class":190},[61,23531,13028],{"class":75},[61,23533,13031],{"class":71},[61,23535,23421],{"class":79},[61,23537,23538],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,23539,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,23541,23542,23544,23546,23548],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,23543,130],{"class":129},[61,23545,109],{"class":75},[61,23547,113],{"class":112},[61,23549,116],{"class":75},[408,23551,23553],{"id":23552},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23555,23556],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[52,23558,23560],{"className":54,"code":23559,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23561,23562,23594,23598,23614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23563,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23565,1459],{"class":67},[61,23567,72],{"class":71},[61,23569,717],{"class":75},[61,23571,816],{"class":190},[61,23573,1936],{"class":194},[61,23575,816],{"class":190},[61,23577,824],{"class":75},[61,23579,5763],{"class":79},[61,23581,83],{"class":75},[61,23583,522],{"class":190},[61,23585,11499],{"class":194},[61,23587,816],{"class":190},[61,23589,824],{"class":75},[61,23591,435],{"class":79},[61,23593,730],{"class":75},[61,23595,23596],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23597,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,23599,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,23601,5717],{"class":3634},[61,23603,5720],{"class":67},[61,23605,3641],{"class":3634},[61,23607,14321],{"class":67},[61,23609,244],{"class":75},[61,23611,993],{"class":112},[61,23613,21352],{"class":75},[61,23615,23616,23618,23620,23622],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,23617,7827],{"class":129},[61,23619,109],{"class":75},[61,23621,23068],{"class":112},[61,23623,116],{"class":75},[14,23625,23626],{},[603,23627,157],{},[52,23629,23631],{"className":54,"code":23630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[18,23632,23633,23649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23634,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23636,109],{"class":75},[61,23638,198],{"class":190},[61,23640,1936],{"class":194},[61,23642,198],{"class":190},[61,23644,83],{"class":75},[61,23646,5763],{"class":79},[61,23648,116],{"class":75},[61,23650,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23652,109],{"class":75},[61,23654,198],{"class":190},[61,23656,11499],{"class":194},[61,23658,198],{"class":190},[61,23660,83],{"class":75},[61,23662,435],{"class":79},[61,23664,116],{"class":75},[14,23666,23667,23668,23670],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[18,23669,21412],{}," pair.",[47,23672,1620],{"id":1619},[408,23674,23676,23677,4908],{"id":23675},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[18,23678,16835],{},[14,23680,17178,23681,23683],{},[18,23682,21665],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[408,23685,12459,23687,23689],{"id":23686},"does-items-return-a-list",[18,23688,16835],{}," return a list?",[14,23691,23692,23693,23696],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[18,23694,23695],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[408,23698,23700,23701,2251],{"id":23699},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[18,23702,16835],{},[14,23704,23705],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[52,23707,23709],{"className":54,"code":23708,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23710,23711,23731],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23712,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23714,5717],{"class":3634},[61,23716,21336],{"class":67},[61,23718,83],{"class":75},[61,23720,21341],{"class":67},[61,23722,3641],{"class":3634},[61,23724,11520],{"class":67},[61,23726,244],{"class":75},[61,23728,993],{"class":112},[61,23730,21352],{"class":75},[61,23732,23733,23735,23737,23739,23741,23743],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23734,7827],{"class":129},[61,23736,109],{"class":75},[61,23738,14596],{"class":112},[61,23740,83],{"class":75},[61,23742,8191],{"class":112},[61,23744,116],{"class":75},[408,23746,12459,23748,23750],{"id":23747},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[18,23749,16835],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,23752,23753],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[47,23755,1664],{"id":1663},[26,23757,23758,23764,23770,23775,23779],{},[29,23759,23760],{},[235,23761,10488,23762,10492],{"href":22644},[18,23763,16822],{},[29,23765,23766],{},[235,23767,10488,23768,10492],{"href":22652},[18,23769,16828],{},[29,23771,23772],{},[235,23773,23774],{"href":22231},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[29,23776,23777],{},[235,23778,8914],{"href":12778},[29,23780,23781],{},[235,23782,23783],{"href":21535},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1693,23785,23786],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":23788},[23789,23790,23792,23793,23794,23796,23797,23799,23801,23810,23820],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":21395,"depth":97,"text":23791},"What items() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":21726,"depth":97,"text":21727},{"id":21952,"depth":97,"text":23795},"Looping with items()",{"id":22235,"depth":97,"text":22236},{"id":22427,"depth":97,"text":23798},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22662,"depth":97,"text":23800},"When to use items()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":23802},[23803,23805,23807,23809],{"id":22857,"depth":119,"text":23804},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23115,"depth":119,"text":23806},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23307,"depth":119,"text":23808},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23552,"depth":119,"text":23553},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":23811},[23812,23814,23816,23818],{"id":23675,"depth":119,"text":23813},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23686,"depth":119,"text":23815},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23699,"depth":119,"text":23817},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23747,"depth":119,"text":23819},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21263,"description":23821},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23828,"title":23829,"body":23830,"description":25919,"extension":1727,"meta":25920,"navigation":122,"path":22644,"seo":25921,"stem":25922,"__hash__":25923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23831,"toc":25885},[23832,23837,23843,23846,23857,23864,23866,23949,23953,24000,24005,24010,24015,24017,24033,24035,24134,24138,24195,24198,24200,24203,24296,24300,24363,24366,24381,24386,24388,24390,24405,24407,24418,24420,24463,24466,24510,24513,24515,24522,24525,24542,24544,24637,24641,24682,24694,24698,24701,24789,24793,24813,24816,24843,24850,24855,24859,24870,24872,24976,24980,25006,25009,25076,25081,25084,25107,25112,25116,25121,25127,25132,25134,25189,25193,25220,25227,25233,25236,25261,25266,25292,25295,25370,25377,25382,25384,25423,25441,25445,25448,25491,25494,25496,25515,25517,25522,25547,25550,25620,25623,25696,25700,25702,25763,25766,25782,25784,25789,25794,25801,25810,25816,25822,25829,25835,25839,25844,25846,25882],[10,23833,11071,23835,11075],{"id":23834},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[18,23836,16822],{},[14,23838,23839,23840,23842],{},"The Python dictionary ",[18,23841,16822],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,23844,23845],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[26,23847,23848,23851,23854],{},[29,23849,23850],{},"view the available keys",[29,23852,23853],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[29,23855,23856],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,23858,23859,23861,23862,244],{},[18,23860,16822],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[18,23863,16771],{},[47,23865,50],{"id":49},[52,23867,23869],{"className":54,"code":23868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[18,23870,23871,23907,23921,23925,23935],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23872,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23874,12619],{"class":67},[61,23876,72],{"class":71},[61,23878,717],{"class":75},[61,23880,816],{"class":190},[61,23882,819],{"class":194},[61,23884,816],{"class":190},[61,23886,824],{"class":75},[61,23888,522],{"class":190},[61,23890,829],{"class":194},[61,23892,816],{"class":190},[61,23894,83],{"class":75},[61,23896,522],{"class":190},[61,23898,838],{"class":194},[61,23900,816],{"class":190},[61,23902,824],{"class":75},[61,23904,435],{"class":79},[61,23906,730],{"class":75},[61,23908,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23910,16999],{"class":67},[61,23912,72],{"class":71},[61,23914,12661],{"class":67},[61,23916,244],{"class":75},[61,23918,16680],{"class":112},[61,23920,263],{"class":75},[61,23922,23923],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,23924,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,23926,23927,23929,23931,23933],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,23928,130],{"class":129},[61,23930,109],{"class":75},[61,23932,16680],{"class":112},[61,23934,116],{"class":75},[61,23936,23937,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,23938,130],{"class":129},[61,23940,109],{"class":75},[61,23942,7852],{"class":105},[61,23944,109],{"class":75},[61,23946,16680],{"class":112},[61,23948,154],{"class":75},[14,23950,23951],{},[603,23952,157],{},[52,23954,23956],{"className":54,"code":23955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[18,23957,23958,23980],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23959,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23961,16771],{"class":112},[61,23963,1126],{"class":75},[61,23965,198],{"class":190},[61,23967,819],{"class":194},[61,23969,198],{"class":190},[61,23971,83],{"class":75},[61,23973,191],{"class":190},[61,23975,838],{"class":194},[61,23977,198],{"class":190},[61,23979,1137],{"class":75},[61,23981,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,23983,3658],{"class":75},[61,23985,198],{"class":190},[61,23987,819],{"class":194},[61,23989,198],{"class":190},[61,23991,83],{"class":75},[61,23993,191],{"class":190},[61,23995,838],{"class":194},[61,23997,198],{"class":190},[61,23999,94],{"class":75},[14,24001,204,24002,24004],{},[18,24003,16822],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[47,24006,3435,24008,3438],{"id":24007},"what-keys-does",[18,24009,16822],{},[14,24011,24012,24014],{},[18,24013,16822],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24016,277],{},[26,24018,24019,24022,24025,24030],{},[29,24020,24021],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[29,24023,24024],{},"It does not need any arguments",[29,24026,17178,24027,24029],{},[18,24028,16771],{}," view object, not a list",[29,24031,24032],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24034,1109],{},[52,24036,24038],{"className":54,"code":24037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[18,24039,24040,24076,24080,24094,24098,24120],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24041,24042,24044,24046,24048,24050,24052,24054,24056,24058,24060,24062,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24043,809],{"class":67},[61,24045,72],{"class":71},[61,24047,717],{"class":75},[61,24049,816],{"class":190},[61,24051,819],{"class":194},[61,24053,816],{"class":190},[61,24055,824],{"class":75},[61,24057,522],{"class":190},[61,24059,12976],{"class":194},[61,24061,816],{"class":190},[61,24063,83],{"class":75},[61,24065,522],{"class":190},[61,24067,838],{"class":194},[61,24069,816],{"class":190},[61,24071,824],{"class":75},[61,24073,845],{"class":79},[61,24075,730],{"class":75},[61,24077,24078],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24079,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,24081,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,24083,130],{"class":129},[61,24085,109],{"class":75},[61,24087,860],{"class":112},[61,24089,244],{"class":75},[61,24091,16680],{"class":112},[61,24093,6955],{"class":75},[61,24095,24096],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,24097,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,24099,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,24101,860],{"class":67},[61,24103,3658],{"class":75},[61,24105,816],{"class":190},[61,24107,10161],{"class":194},[61,24109,816],{"class":190},[61,24111,13028],{"class":75},[61,24113,13031],{"class":71},[61,24115,522],{"class":190},[61,24117,10168],{"class":194},[61,24119,528],{"class":190},[61,24121,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,24123,130],{"class":129},[61,24125,109],{"class":75},[61,24127,860],{"class":112},[61,24129,244],{"class":75},[61,24131,16680],{"class":112},[61,24133,6955],{"class":75},[14,24135,24136],{},[603,24137,157],{},[52,24139,24141],{"className":54,"code":24140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[18,24142,24143,24165],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24144,24145,24147,24149,24151,24153,24155,24157,24159,24161,24163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24146,16771],{"class":112},[61,24148,1126],{"class":75},[61,24150,198],{"class":190},[61,24152,819],{"class":194},[61,24154,198],{"class":190},[61,24156,83],{"class":75},[61,24158,191],{"class":190},[61,24160,838],{"class":194},[61,24162,198],{"class":190},[61,24164,1137],{"class":75},[61,24166,24167,24169,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187,24189,24191,24193],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24168,16771],{"class":112},[61,24170,1126],{"class":75},[61,24172,198],{"class":190},[61,24174,819],{"class":194},[61,24176,198],{"class":190},[61,24178,83],{"class":75},[61,24180,191],{"class":190},[61,24182,838],{"class":194},[61,24184,198],{"class":190},[61,24186,83],{"class":75},[61,24188,191],{"class":190},[61,24190,10161],{"class":194},[61,24192,198],{"class":190},[61,24194,1137],{"class":75},[14,24196,24197],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[47,24199,5546],{"id":5545},[14,24201,24202],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[52,24204,24206],{"className":54,"code":24205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[18,24207,24208,24260,24264,24278],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24209,24210,24212,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252,24254,24256,24258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24211,1459],{"class":67},[61,24213,72],{"class":71},[61,24215,717],{"class":75},[61,24217,816],{"class":190},[61,24219,819],{"class":194},[61,24221,816],{"class":190},[61,24223,824],{"class":75},[61,24225,522],{"class":190},[61,24227,829],{"class":194},[61,24229,816],{"class":190},[61,24231,83],{"class":75},[61,24233,522],{"class":190},[61,24235,838],{"class":194},[61,24237,816],{"class":190},[61,24239,824],{"class":75},[61,24241,435],{"class":79},[61,24243,83],{"class":75},[61,24245,522],{"class":190},[61,24247,19647],{"class":194},[61,24249,816],{"class":190},[61,24251,824],{"class":75},[61,24253,522],{"class":190},[61,24255,22002],{"class":194},[61,24257,816],{"class":190},[61,24259,730],{"class":75},[61,24261,24262],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24263,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,24265,24266,24268,24270,24272,24274,24276],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,24267,130],{"class":129},[61,24269,109],{"class":75},[61,24271,1501],{"class":112},[61,24273,244],{"class":75},[61,24275,16680],{"class":112},[61,24277,6955],{"class":75},[61,24279,24280,24282,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,24281,130],{"class":129},[61,24283,109],{"class":75},[61,24285,7852],{"class":105},[61,24287,109],{"class":75},[61,24289,1501],{"class":112},[61,24291,244],{"class":75},[61,24293,16680],{"class":112},[61,24295,996],{"class":75},[14,24297,24298],{},[603,24299,157],{},[52,24301,24303],{"className":54,"code":24302,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[18,24304,24305,24335],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24306,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24308,16771],{"class":112},[61,24310,1126],{"class":75},[61,24312,198],{"class":190},[61,24314,819],{"class":194},[61,24316,198],{"class":190},[61,24318,83],{"class":75},[61,24320,191],{"class":190},[61,24322,838],{"class":194},[61,24324,198],{"class":190},[61,24326,83],{"class":75},[61,24328,191],{"class":190},[61,24330,19647],{"class":194},[61,24332,198],{"class":190},[61,24334,1137],{"class":75},[61,24336,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24338,3658],{"class":75},[61,24340,198],{"class":190},[61,24342,819],{"class":194},[61,24344,198],{"class":190},[61,24346,83],{"class":75},[61,24348,191],{"class":190},[61,24350,838],{"class":194},[61,24352,198],{"class":190},[61,24354,83],{"class":75},[61,24356,191],{"class":190},[61,24358,19647],{"class":194},[61,24360,198],{"class":190},[61,24362,94],{"class":75},[14,24364,24365],{},"This shows two things:",[26,24367,24368,24375],{},[29,24369,24370,21732,24373,1284],{},[18,24371,24372],{},"data.keys()",[18,24374,16771],{},[29,24376,24377,24380],{},[18,24378,24379],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24382,8910,24383,244],{},[235,24384,24385],{"href":9143},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[47,24387,5192],{"id":5191},[14,24389,1922],{},[52,24391,24393],{"className":54,"code":24392,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.keys()\n",[18,24394,24395],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24396,24397,24399,24401,24403],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24398,11203],{"class":67},[61,24400,244],{"class":75},[61,24402,16680],{"class":112},[61,24404,263],{"class":75},[14,24406,21557],{},[26,24408,24409,24412,24415],{},[29,24410,24411],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[29,24413,24414],{},"It takes no parameters",[29,24416,24417],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24419,16412],{},[52,24421,24423],{"className":54,"code":24422,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[18,24424,24425,24449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24426,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24428,12619],{"class":67},[61,24430,72],{"class":71},[61,24432,717],{"class":75},[61,24434,816],{"class":190},[61,24436,819],{"class":194},[61,24438,816],{"class":190},[61,24440,824],{"class":75},[61,24442,522],{"class":190},[61,24444,829],{"class":194},[61,24446,816],{"class":190},[61,24448,730],{"class":75},[61,24450,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24452,130],{"class":129},[61,24454,109],{"class":75},[61,24456,13381],{"class":112},[61,24458,244],{"class":75},[61,24460,16680],{"class":112},[61,24462,6955],{"class":75},[14,24464,24465],{},"Incorrect:",[52,24467,24469],{"className":54,"code":24468,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[18,24470,24471,24495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24472,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24474,12619],{"class":67},[61,24476,72],{"class":71},[61,24478,717],{"class":75},[61,24480,816],{"class":190},[61,24482,819],{"class":194},[61,24484,816],{"class":190},[61,24486,824],{"class":75},[61,24488,522],{"class":190},[61,24490,829],{"class":194},[61,24492,816],{"class":190},[61,24494,730],{"class":75},[61,24496,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505,24508],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24498,130],{"class":129},[61,24500,109],{"class":75},[61,24502,13381],{"class":112},[61,24504,244],{"class":75},[61,24506,16680],{"class":24507},"skxfh",[61,24509,116],{"class":75},[14,24511,24512],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[47,24514,17175],{"id":17174},[14,24516,24517,21732,24519,24521],{},[18,24518,16822],{},[18,24520,16771],{}," object.",[14,24523,24524],{},"This object:",[26,24526,24527,24530,24533,24539],{},[29,24528,24529],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[29,24531,24532],{},"can be used in a loop",[29,24534,24535,24536],{},"can be converted with ",[18,24537,24538],{},"list()",[29,24540,24541],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24543,1109],{},[52,24545,24547],{"className":54,"code":24546,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,24548,24549,24590,24594,24609,24613,24623],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24550,24551,24554,24556,24558,24560,24563,24565,24567,24569,24572,24574,24576,24578,24581,24583,24585,24588],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24552,24553],{"class":67},"car ",[61,24555,72],{"class":71},[61,24557,717],{"class":75},[61,24559,816],{"class":190},[61,24561,24562],{"class":194},"brand",[61,24564,816],{"class":190},[61,24566,824],{"class":75},[61,24568,522],{"class":190},[61,24570,24571],{"class":194},"Toyota",[61,24573,816],{"class":190},[61,24575,83],{"class":75},[61,24577,522],{"class":190},[61,24579,24580],{"class":194},"year",[61,24582,816],{"class":190},[61,24584,824],{"class":75},[61,24586,24587],{"class":79}," 2020",[61,24589,730],{"class":75},[61,24591,24592],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24593,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,24595,24596,24598,24600,24603,24605,24607],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,24597,100],{"class":67},[61,24599,72],{"class":71},[61,24601,24602],{"class":67}," car",[61,24604,244],{"class":75},[61,24606,16680],{"class":112},[61,24608,263],{"class":75},[61,24610,24611],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,24612,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,24614,24615,24617,24619,24621],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,24616,130],{"class":129},[61,24618,109],{"class":75},[61,24620,135],{"class":112},[61,24622,116],{"class":75},[61,24624,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,24626,130],{"class":129},[61,24628,109],{"class":75},[61,24630,147],{"class":105},[61,24632,109],{"class":75},[61,24634,135],{"class":112},[61,24636,154],{"class":75},[14,24638,24639],{},[603,24640,157],{},[52,24642,24644],{"className":54,"code":24643,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[18,24645,24646,24668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24647,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24649,16771],{"class":112},[61,24651,1126],{"class":75},[61,24653,198],{"class":190},[61,24655,24562],{"class":194},[61,24657,198],{"class":190},[61,24659,83],{"class":75},[61,24661,191],{"class":190},[61,24663,24580],{"class":194},[61,24665,198],{"class":190},[61,24667,1137],{"class":75},[61,24669,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24671,183],{"class":71},[61,24673,187],{"class":186},[61,24675,191],{"class":190},[61,24677,16771],{"class":194},[61,24679,198],{"class":190},[61,24681,201],{"class":71},[14,24683,24684,24685,24689,24690,244],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[235,24686,10488,24687,10492],{"href":16825},[18,24688,16828],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[235,24691,10488,24692,10492],{"href":16832},[18,24693,16835],{},[47,24695,24697],{"id":24696},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,24699,24700],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[52,24702,24704],{"className":54,"code":24703,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,24705,24706,24759,24763,24779],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24707,24708,24710,24712,24714,24716,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752,24755,24757],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24709,12619],{"class":67},[61,24711,72],{"class":71},[61,24713,717],{"class":75},[61,24715,816],{"class":190},[61,24717,819],{"class":194},[61,24719,816],{"class":190},[61,24721,824],{"class":75},[61,24723,522],{"class":190},[61,24725,829],{"class":194},[61,24727,816],{"class":190},[61,24729,83],{"class":75},[61,24731,522],{"class":190},[61,24733,838],{"class":194},[61,24735,816],{"class":190},[61,24737,824],{"class":75},[61,24739,435],{"class":79},[61,24741,83],{"class":75},[61,24743,522],{"class":190},[61,24745,15084],{"class":194},[61,24747,816],{"class":190},[61,24749,824],{"class":75},[61,24751,522],{"class":190},[61,24753,24754],{"class":194},"Math",[61,24756,816],{"class":190},[61,24758,730],{"class":75},[61,24760,24761],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24762,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,24764,24765,24767,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,24766,5717],{"class":3634},[61,24768,17966],{"class":67},[61,24770,3641],{"class":3634},[61,24772,12661],{"class":67},[61,24774,244],{"class":75},[61,24776,16680],{"class":112},[61,24778,21352],{"class":75},[61,24780,24781,24783,24785,24787],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,24782,7827],{"class":129},[61,24784,109],{"class":75},[61,24786,14596],{"class":112},[61,24788,116],{"class":75},[14,24790,24791],{},[603,24792,157],{},[52,24794,24796],{"className":54,"code":24795,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[18,24797,24798,24803,24808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24799,24800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24801,24802],{"class":67},"name\n",[61,24804,24805],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24806,24807],{"class":67},"age\n",[61,24809,24810],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,24811,24812],{"class":67},"course\n",[14,24814,24815],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[52,24817,24819],{"className":54,"code":24818,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[18,24820,24821,24833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24822,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24824,5717],{"class":3634},[61,24826,17966],{"class":67},[61,24828,3641],{"class":3634},[61,24830,12661],{"class":67},[61,24832,6152],{"class":75},[61,24834,24835,24837,24839,24841],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24836,7827],{"class":129},[61,24838,109],{"class":75},[61,24840,14596],{"class":112},[61,24842,116],{"class":75},[14,24844,24845,24846,24849],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[18,24847,24848],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[47,24851,4723,24853],{"id":24852},"when-to-use-keys",[18,24854,16822],{},[14,24856,204,24857,1193],{},[18,24858,16822],{},[26,24860,24861,24864,24867],{},[29,24862,24863],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[29,24865,24866],{},"you want to display available fields",[29,24868,24869],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,24871,1109],{},[52,24873,24875],{"className":54,"code":24874,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,24876,24877,24930,24934,24949,24966],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24878,24879,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24899,24901,24903,24905,24908,24910,24912,24915,24917,24919,24922,24924,24926,24928],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24880,24881],{"class":67},"product ",[61,24883,72],{"class":71},[61,24885,717],{"class":75},[61,24887,816],{"class":190},[61,24889,819],{"class":194},[61,24891,816],{"class":190},[61,24893,824],{"class":75},[61,24895,522],{"class":190},[61,24897,24898],{"class":194},"Book",[61,24900,816],{"class":190},[61,24902,83],{"class":75},[61,24904,522],{"class":190},[61,24906,24907],{"class":194},"price",[61,24909,816],{"class":190},[61,24911,824],{"class":75},[61,24913,24914],{"class":79}," 12.99",[61,24916,83],{"class":75},[61,24918,522],{"class":190},[61,24920,24921],{"class":194},"stock",[61,24923,816],{"class":190},[61,24925,824],{"class":75},[61,24927,4367],{"class":79},[61,24929,730],{"class":75},[61,24931,24932],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24933,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,24935,24936,24938,24940,24942,24945,24947],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,24937,130],{"class":129},[61,24939,109],{"class":75},[61,24941,816],{"class":190},[61,24943,24944],{"class":194},"Available fields:",[61,24946,816],{"class":190},[61,24948,116],{"class":75},[61,24950,24951,24953,24955,24957,24960,24962,24964],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,24952,5717],{"class":3634},[61,24954,17966],{"class":67},[61,24956,3641],{"class":3634},[61,24958,24959],{"class":67}," product",[61,24961,244],{"class":75},[61,24963,16680],{"class":112},[61,24965,21352],{"class":75},[61,24967,24968,24970,24972,24974],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,24969,7827],{"class":129},[61,24971,109],{"class":75},[61,24973,14596],{"class":112},[61,24975,116],{"class":75},[14,24977,24978],{},[603,24979,157],{},[52,24981,24983],{"className":54,"code":24982,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[18,24984,24985,24992,24996,25001],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24986,24987,24990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24988,24989],{"class":67},"Available fields",[61,24991,6152],{"class":75},[61,24993,24994],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,24995,24802],{"class":67},[61,24997,24998],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,24999,25000],{"class":67},"price\n",[61,25002,25003],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,25004,25005],{"class":67},"stock\n",[14,25007,25008],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[52,25010,25012],{"className":54,"code":25011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[18,25013,25014,25050,25054],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25015,25016,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25017,24881],{"class":67},[61,25019,72],{"class":71},[61,25021,717],{"class":75},[61,25023,816],{"class":190},[61,25025,819],{"class":194},[61,25027,816],{"class":190},[61,25029,824],{"class":75},[61,25031,522],{"class":190},[61,25033,24898],{"class":194},[61,25035,816],{"class":190},[61,25037,83],{"class":75},[61,25039,522],{"class":190},[61,25041,24907],{"class":194},[61,25043,816],{"class":190},[61,25045,824],{"class":75},[61,25047,24914],{"class":79},[61,25049,730],{"class":75},[61,25051,25052],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25053,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,25055,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,25057,130],{"class":129},[61,25059,109],{"class":75},[61,25061,816],{"class":190},[61,25063,819],{"class":194},[61,25065,816],{"class":190},[61,25067,20930],{"class":3634},[61,25069,24959],{"class":112},[61,25071,244],{"class":75},[61,25073,16680],{"class":112},[61,25075,6955],{"class":75},[14,25077,25078,25079,244],{},"This works and returns ",[18,25080,3361],{},[14,25082,25083],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[52,25085,25087],{"className":54,"code":25086,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[18,25088,25089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25090,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25092,130],{"class":129},[61,25094,109],{"class":75},[61,25096,816],{"class":190},[61,25098,819],{"class":194},[61,25100,816],{"class":190},[61,25102,20930],{"class":3634},[61,25104,24959],{"class":112},[61,25106,116],{"class":75},[14,25108,25109,25110,244],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[235,25111,20963],{"href":16910},[47,25113,25115],{"id":25114},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25117,25118,25119,244],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[18,25120,16822],{},[408,25122,8211,25124,25126],{"id":25123},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[18,25125,16822],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25128,25129,25131],{},[18,25130,16822],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25133,1109],{},[52,25135,25137],{"className":54,"code":25136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[18,25138,25139,25175],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25140,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25142,1459],{"class":67},[61,25144,72],{"class":71},[61,25146,717],{"class":75},[61,25148,816],{"class":190},[61,25150,819],{"class":194},[61,25152,816],{"class":190},[61,25154,824],{"class":75},[61,25156,522],{"class":190},[61,25158,829],{"class":194},[61,25160,816],{"class":190},[61,25162,83],{"class":75},[61,25164,522],{"class":190},[61,25166,838],{"class":194},[61,25168,816],{"class":190},[61,25170,824],{"class":75},[61,25172,435],{"class":79},[61,25174,730],{"class":75},[61,25176,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25178,130],{"class":129},[61,25180,109],{"class":75},[61,25182,1501],{"class":112},[61,25184,244],{"class":75},[61,25186,16680],{"class":112},[61,25188,6955],{"class":75},[14,25190,25191],{},[603,25192,157],{},[52,25194,25196],{"className":54,"code":25195,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[18,25197,25198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25199,25200,25202,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25201,16771],{"class":112},[61,25203,1126],{"class":75},[61,25205,198],{"class":190},[61,25207,819],{"class":194},[61,25209,198],{"class":190},[61,25211,83],{"class":75},[61,25213,191],{"class":190},[61,25215,838],{"class":194},[61,25217,198],{"class":190},[61,25219,1137],{"class":75},[14,25221,25222,25223,244],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[235,25224,25225],{"href":16832},[18,25226,16835],{},[408,25228,25230,25231],{"id":25229},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[18,25232,16771],{},[14,25234,25235],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[52,25237,25239],{"className":54,"code":25238,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'age']\n",[18,25240,25241],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25242,25243,25245,25247,25249,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25244,3658],{"class":75},[61,25246,198],{"class":190},[61,25248,819],{"class":194},[61,25250,198],{"class":190},[61,25252,83],{"class":75},[61,25254,191],{"class":190},[61,25256,838],{"class":194},[61,25258,198],{"class":190},[61,25260,94],{"class":75},[14,25262,1613,25263,25265],{},[18,25264,16822],{}," returns:",[52,25267,25268],{"className":54,"code":25195,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,25269,25270],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25271,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25273,16771],{"class":112},[61,25275,1126],{"class":75},[61,25277,198],{"class":190},[61,25279,819],{"class":194},[61,25281,198],{"class":190},[61,25283,83],{"class":75},[61,25285,191],{"class":190},[61,25287,838],{"class":194},[61,25289,198],{"class":190},[61,25291,1137],{"class":75},[14,25293,25294],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[52,25296,25298],{"className":54,"code":25297,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[18,25299,25300,25336,25355,25359],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25301,25302,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25303,1459],{"class":67},[61,25305,72],{"class":71},[61,25307,717],{"class":75},[61,25309,816],{"class":190},[61,25311,819],{"class":194},[61,25313,816],{"class":190},[61,25315,824],{"class":75},[61,25317,522],{"class":190},[61,25319,829],{"class":194},[61,25321,816],{"class":190},[61,25323,83],{"class":75},[61,25325,522],{"class":190},[61,25327,838],{"class":194},[61,25329,816],{"class":190},[61,25331,824],{"class":75},[61,25333,435],{"class":79},[61,25335,730],{"class":75},[61,25337,25338,25341,25343,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25339,25340],{"class":67},"key_list ",[61,25342,72],{"class":71},[61,25344,22317],{"class":105},[61,25346,109],{"class":75},[61,25348,1501],{"class":112},[61,25350,244],{"class":75},[61,25352,16680],{"class":112},[61,25354,6955],{"class":75},[61,25356,25357],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,25358,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,25360,25361,25363,25365,25368],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,25362,130],{"class":129},[61,25364,109],{"class":75},[61,25366,25367],{"class":112},"key_list",[61,25369,116],{"class":75},[408,25371,25373,25374,25376],{"id":25372},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[18,25375,16822],{}," on a list or string",[14,25378,25379,25381],{},[18,25380,16822],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25383,1245],{},[52,25385,25387],{"className":54,"code":25386,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[18,25388,25389,25409],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25390,25391,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25392,68],{"class":67},[61,25394,72],{"class":71},[61,25396,76],{"class":75},[61,25398,80],{"class":79},[61,25400,83],{"class":75},[61,25402,86],{"class":79},[61,25404,83],{"class":75},[61,25406,91],{"class":79},[61,25408,94],{"class":75},[61,25410,25411,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25412,130],{"class":129},[61,25414,109],{"class":75},[61,25416,113],{"class":112},[61,25418,244],{"class":75},[61,25420,16680],{"class":112},[61,25422,6955],{"class":75},[14,25424,25425,25426,25429,25430,25432,25433,244],{},"You may get an ",[18,25427,25428],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[18,25431,16822],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[235,25434,25436,25437,25440],{"href":25435},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[18,25438,25439],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[408,25442,25444],{"id":25443},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25446,25447],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[52,25449,25451],{"className":54,"code":25450,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[18,25452,25453,25477],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25454,25455,25457,25459,25461,25463,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25456,1459],{"class":67},[61,25458,72],{"class":71},[61,25460,717],{"class":75},[61,25462,816],{"class":190},[61,25464,819],{"class":194},[61,25466,816],{"class":190},[61,25468,824],{"class":75},[61,25470,522],{"class":190},[61,25472,829],{"class":194},[61,25474,816],{"class":190},[61,25476,730],{"class":75},[61,25478,25479,25481,25483,25485,25487,25489],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25480,130],{"class":129},[61,25482,109],{"class":75},[61,25484,1501],{"class":112},[61,25486,244],{"class":75},[61,25488,16680],{"class":24507},[61,25490,116],{"class":75},[14,25492,25493],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25495,1063],{},[52,25497,25499],{"className":54,"code":25498,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(data.keys())\n",[18,25500,25501],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25502,25503,25505,25507,25509,25511,25513],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25504,130],{"class":129},[61,25506,109],{"class":75},[61,25508,1501],{"class":112},[61,25510,244],{"class":75},[61,25512,16680],{"class":112},[61,25514,6955],{"class":75},[47,25516,2590],{"id":2589},[14,25518,25519,25520,824],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[18,25521,16822],{},[26,25523,25524,25529,25535,25541],{},[29,25525,8175,25526,25528],{},[18,25527,16822],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[29,25530,25531,25532,25534],{},"Thinking ",[18,25533,16822],{}," returns values too",[29,25536,25537,25538,25540],{},"Trying to index ",[18,25539,16771],{}," like a normal list",[29,25542,25543,25544,25546],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[18,25545,16771],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25548,25549],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[52,25551,25553],{"className":54,"code":25552,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[18,25554,25555,25587,25601,25605,25615],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25556,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25558,1459],{"class":67},[61,25560,72],{"class":71},[61,25562,717],{"class":75},[61,25564,816],{"class":190},[61,25566,235],{"class":194},[61,25568,816],{"class":190},[61,25570,824],{"class":75},[61,25572,680],{"class":79},[61,25574,83],{"class":75},[61,25576,522],{"class":190},[61,25578,1480],{"class":194},[61,25580,816],{"class":190},[61,25582,824],{"class":75},[61,25584,86],{"class":79},[61,25586,730],{"class":75},[61,25588,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25590,16999],{"class":67},[61,25592,72],{"class":71},[61,25594,14321],{"class":67},[61,25596,244],{"class":75},[61,25598,16680],{"class":112},[61,25600,263],{"class":75},[61,25602,25603],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,25604,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,25606,25607,25609,25611,25613],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,25608,130],{"class":129},[61,25610,109],{"class":75},[61,25612,16680],{"class":112},[61,25614,116],{"class":75},[61,25616,25617],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,25618,25619],{"class":3420},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,25621,25622],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[52,25624,25626],{"className":54,"code":25625,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[18,25627,25628,25660,25678,25682],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25629,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25631,1459],{"class":67},[61,25633,72],{"class":71},[61,25635,717],{"class":75},[61,25637,816],{"class":190},[61,25639,235],{"class":194},[61,25641,816],{"class":190},[61,25643,824],{"class":75},[61,25645,680],{"class":79},[61,25647,83],{"class":75},[61,25649,522],{"class":190},[61,25651,1480],{"class":194},[61,25653,816],{"class":190},[61,25655,824],{"class":75},[61,25657,86],{"class":79},[61,25659,730],{"class":75},[61,25661,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25663,16999],{"class":67},[61,25665,72],{"class":71},[61,25667,22317],{"class":105},[61,25669,109],{"class":75},[61,25671,1501],{"class":112},[61,25673,244],{"class":75},[61,25675,16680],{"class":112},[61,25677,6955],{"class":75},[61,25679,25680],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,25681,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,25683,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692,25694],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,25685,130],{"class":129},[61,25687,109],{"class":75},[61,25689,16680],{"class":112},[61,25691,3658],{"class":75},[61,25693,675],{"class":79},[61,25695,1137],{"class":75},[47,25697,25699],{"id":25698},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,25701,10865],{},[52,25703,25705],{"className":54,"code":25704,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[18,25706,25707,25721,25731,25745],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25708,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25710,130],{"class":129},[61,25712,109],{"class":75},[61,25714,147],{"class":105},[61,25716,109],{"class":75},[61,25718,11203],{"class":112},[61,25720,154],{"class":75},[61,25722,25723,25725,25727,25729],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25724,130],{"class":129},[61,25726,109],{"class":75},[61,25728,11203],{"class":112},[61,25730,116],{"class":75},[61,25732,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,25734,130],{"class":129},[61,25736,109],{"class":75},[61,25738,11203],{"class":112},[61,25740,244],{"class":75},[61,25742,16680],{"class":112},[61,25744,6955],{"class":75},[61,25746,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,25748,130],{"class":129},[61,25750,109],{"class":75},[61,25752,7852],{"class":105},[61,25754,109],{"class":75},[61,25756,11203],{"class":112},[61,25758,244],{"class":75},[61,25760,16680],{"class":112},[61,25762,996],{"class":75},[14,25764,25765],{},"These help you confirm:",[26,25767,25768,25771,25774,25779],{},[29,25769,25770],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[29,25772,25773],{},"what data it contains",[29,25775,25776,25777,11459],{},"what ",[18,25778,16822],{},[29,25780,25781],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[47,25783,1620],{"id":1619},[408,25785,23676,25787,4908],{"id":25786},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[18,25788,16822],{},[14,25790,17178,25791,25793],{},[18,25792,16771],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[408,25795,14658,25797,25800],{"id":25796},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[18,25798,25799],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,25802,25803,25804,25806,25807,244],{},"No. It returns a ",[18,25805,16771],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[18,25808,25809],{},"list(dict.keys())",[408,25811,25813,25814,2251],{"id":25812},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[18,25815,25799],{},[14,25817,25818,25819,25821],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[18,25820,5717],{}," loop.",[408,25823,25825,25826,25828],{"id":25824},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[18,25827,16822],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,25830,25831,25832,25834],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[18,25833,16822],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[408,25836,25838],{"id":25837},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,25840,204,25841,244],{},[18,25842,25843],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[47,25845,1664],{"id":1663},[26,25847,25848,25853,25859,25865,25871,25875],{},[29,25849,25850],{},[235,25851,25852],{"href":9143},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[29,25854,25855],{},[235,25856,10488,25857,10492],{"href":16825},[18,25858,16828],{},[29,25860,25861],{},[235,25862,10488,25863,10492],{"href":16832},[18,25864,16835],{},[29,25866,25867],{},[235,25868,25870],{"href":25869},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[29,25872,25873],{},[235,25874,16911],{"href":16910},[29,25876,25877],{},[235,25878,25879,25880,25440],{"href":25435},"How to fix ",[18,25881,25439],{},[1693,25883,25884],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":25886},[25887,25888,25890,25891,25892,25893,25894,25896,25905,25906,25907,25918],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":24007,"depth":97,"text":25889},"What keys() does",{"id":5545,"depth":97,"text":5546},{"id":5191,"depth":97,"text":5192},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":24696,"depth":97,"text":24697},{"id":24852,"depth":97,"text":25895},"When to use keys()",{"id":25114,"depth":97,"text":25115,"children":25897},[25898,25900,25902,25904],{"id":25123,"depth":119,"text":25899},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25229,"depth":119,"text":25901},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25372,"depth":119,"text":25903},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25443,"depth":119,"text":25444},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":25698,"depth":97,"text":25699},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":25908},[25909,25911,25913,25915,25917],{"id":25786,"depth":119,"text":25910},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25796,"depth":119,"text":25912},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25812,"depth":119,"text":25914},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25824,"depth":119,"text":25916},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25837,"depth":119,"text":25838},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23829,"description":25919},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25925,"title":25926,"body":25927,"description":28199,"extension":1727,"meta":28200,"navigation":122,"path":28201,"seo":28202,"stem":28203,"__hash__":28204},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25928,"toc":28152},[25929,25934,25939,25942,25944,26090,26103,26108,26112,26126,26128,26231,26240,26242,26244,26282,26307,26309,26416,26418,26425,26428,26436,26438,26579,26587,26592,26596,26607,26609,26771,26774,26782,26789,26795,26892,26898,26975,26978,26990,26995,27001,27004,27008,27097,27100,27104,27208,27215,27302,27311,27313,27318,27324,27327,27373,27376,27442,27451,27457,27550,27556,27562,27605,27608,27673,27679,27771,27774,27778,27784,27809,27812,27908,27915,27917,27922,28013,28015,28043,28048,28050,28057,28060,28064,28074,28079,28082,28089,28099,28106,28114,28116,28149],[10,25930,11071,25932,11075],{"id":25931},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[18,25933,12518],{},[14,25935,25936,25938],{},[18,25937,12324],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,25940,25941],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[47,25943,3366],{"id":3365},[52,25945,25947],{"className":54,"code":25946,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[18,25948,25949,25985,26009,26023,26036,26040,26045,26077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25950,25951,25953,25955,25957,25959,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981,25983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25952,809],{"class":67},[61,25954,72],{"class":71},[61,25956,717],{"class":75},[61,25958,816],{"class":190},[61,25960,819],{"class":194},[61,25962,816],{"class":190},[61,25964,824],{"class":75},[61,25966,522],{"class":190},[61,25968,829],{"class":194},[61,25970,816],{"class":190},[61,25972,83],{"class":75},[61,25974,522],{"class":190},[61,25976,838],{"class":194},[61,25978,816],{"class":190},[61,25980,824],{"class":75},[61,25982,845],{"class":79},[61,25984,730],{"class":75},[61,25986,25987,25990,25992,25994,25996,25999,26001,26003,26005,26007],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,25988,25989],{"class":67},"removed_age ",[61,25991,72],{"class":71},[61,25993,13002],{"class":67},[61,25995,244],{"class":75},[61,25997,25998],{"class":112},"pop",[61,26000,109],{"class":75},[61,26002,816],{"class":190},[61,26004,838],{"class":194},[61,26006,816],{"class":190},[61,26008,116],{"class":75},[61,26010,26011,26013,26015,26018,26020],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,26012,130],{"class":129},[61,26014,109],{"class":75},[61,26016,26017],{"class":112},"removed_age",[61,26019,3417],{"class":75},[61,26021,26022],{"class":3420},"   # 25\n",[61,26024,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,26026,130],{"class":129},[61,26028,109],{"class":75},[61,26030,860],{"class":112},[61,26032,3417],{"class":75},[61,26034,26035],{"class":3420},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[61,26037,26038],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,26039,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26041,26042],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,26043,26044],{"class":3420},"# Safe version with default value\n",[61,26046,26047,26050,26052,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26073,26075],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,26048,26049],{"class":67},"country ",[61,26051,72],{"class":71},[61,26053,13002],{"class":67},[61,26055,244],{"class":75},[61,26057,25998],{"class":112},[61,26059,109],{"class":75},[61,26061,816],{"class":190},[61,26063,15017],{"class":194},[61,26065,816],{"class":190},[61,26067,83],{"class":75},[61,26069,522],{"class":190},[61,26071,26072],{"class":194},"Not found",[61,26074,816],{"class":190},[61,26076,116],{"class":75},[61,26078,26079,26081,26083,26085,26087],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,26080,130],{"class":129},[61,26082,109],{"class":75},[61,26084,15017],{"class":112},[61,26086,3417],{"class":75},[61,26088,26089],{"class":3420},"       # Not found\n",[14,26091,204,26092,26095,26096,26099,26100,26102],{},[18,26093,26094],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[18,26097,26098],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[18,26101,19443],{}," when the key might not exist.",[47,26104,3435,26106,3438],{"id":26105},"what-dictpop-does",[18,26107,12324],{},[14,26109,26110,824],{},[18,26111,12324],{},[26,26113,26114,26117,26120,26123],{},[29,26115,26116],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[29,26118,26119],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[29,26121,26122],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[29,26124,26125],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26127,1109],{},[52,26129,26131],{"className":54,"code":26130,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[18,26132,26133,26173,26177,26200,26204,26218],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26134,26135,26137,26139,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161,26163,26165,26167,26169,26171],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26136,11241],{"class":67},[61,26138,72],{"class":71},[61,26140,717],{"class":75},[61,26142,816],{"class":190},[61,26144,819],{"class":194},[61,26146,816],{"class":190},[61,26148,824],{"class":75},[61,26150,522],{"class":190},[61,26152,12976],{"class":194},[61,26154,816],{"class":190},[61,26156,83],{"class":75},[61,26158,522],{"class":190},[61,26160,10161],{"class":194},[61,26162,816],{"class":190},[61,26164,824],{"class":75},[61,26166,522],{"class":190},[61,26168,10168],{"class":194},[61,26170,816],{"class":190},[61,26172,730],{"class":75},[61,26174,26175],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26176,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26178,26179,26182,26184,26186,26188,26190,26192,26194,26196,26198],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,26180,26181],{"class":67},"removed_city ",[61,26183,72],{"class":71},[61,26185,11324],{"class":67},[61,26187,244],{"class":75},[61,26189,25998],{"class":112},[61,26191,109],{"class":75},[61,26193,816],{"class":190},[61,26195,10161],{"class":194},[61,26197,816],{"class":190},[61,26199,116],{"class":75},[61,26201,26202],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,26203,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26205,26206,26208,26210,26213,26215],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,26207,130],{"class":129},[61,26209,109],{"class":75},[61,26211,26212],{"class":112},"removed_city",[61,26214,3417],{"class":75},[61,26216,26217],{"class":3420},"  # Paris\n",[61,26219,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,26221,130],{"class":129},[61,26223,109],{"class":75},[61,26225,11335],{"class":112},[61,26227,3417],{"class":75},[61,26229,26230],{"class":3420},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26232,20527,26233,26236,26237,244],{},[18,26234,26235],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[18,26238,26239],{},"\"Paris\"",[47,26241,248],{"id":247},[14,26243,251],{},[52,26245,26247],{"className":54,"code":26246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[18,26248,26249,26263],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26250,26251,26253,26255,26257,26259,26261],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26252,11203],{"class":67},[61,26254,244],{"class":75},[61,26256,25998],{"class":112},[61,26258,109],{"class":75},[61,26260,14596],{"class":112},[61,26262,116],{"class":75},[61,26264,26265,26267,26269,26271,26273,26275,26277,26280],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26266,11203],{"class":67},[61,26268,244],{"class":75},[61,26270,25998],{"class":112},[61,26272,109],{"class":75},[61,26274,14596],{"class":112},[61,26276,83],{"class":75},[61,26278,26279],{"class":112}," default",[61,26281,116],{"class":75},[26,26283,26284,26290,26298,26304],{},[29,26285,26286,26289],{},[18,26287,26288],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[29,26291,26292,26294,26295,26297],{},[18,26293,26288],{}," raises ",[18,26296,19443],{}," if the key is missing",[29,26299,26300,26303],{},[18,26301,26302],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[29,26305,26306],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26308,1109],{},[52,26310,26312],{"className":54,"code":26311,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[18,26313,26314,26346,26350,26375,26403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26315,26316,26318,26320,26322,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332,26334,26336,26338,26340,26342,26344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26317,4826],{"class":67},[61,26319,72],{"class":71},[61,26321,717],{"class":75},[61,26323,816],{"class":190},[61,26325,18173],{"class":194},[61,26327,816],{"class":190},[61,26329,824],{"class":75},[61,26331,19654],{"class":79},[61,26333,83],{"class":75},[61,26335,522],{"class":190},[61,26337,18182],{"class":194},[61,26339,816],{"class":190},[61,26341,824],{"class":75},[61,26343,13262],{"class":79},[61,26345,730],{"class":75},[61,26347,26348],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26349,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26351,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,26353,130],{"class":129},[61,26355,109],{"class":75},[61,26357,16145],{"class":112},[61,26359,244],{"class":75},[61,26361,25998],{"class":112},[61,26363,109],{"class":75},[61,26365,816],{"class":190},[61,26367,18173],{"class":194},[61,26369,816],{"class":190},[61,26371,5122],{"class":75},[61,26373,26374],{"class":3420},"         # 90\n",[61,26376,26377,26379,26381,26383,26385,26387,26389,26391,26393,26395,26397,26399,26401],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,26378,130],{"class":129},[61,26380,109],{"class":75},[61,26382,16145],{"class":112},[61,26384,244],{"class":75},[61,26386,25998],{"class":112},[61,26388,109],{"class":75},[61,26390,816],{"class":190},[61,26392,18191],{"class":194},[61,26394,816],{"class":190},[61,26396,83],{"class":75},[61,26398,3591],{"class":79},[61,26400,5122],{"class":75},[61,26402,20524],{"class":3420},[61,26404,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,26406,130],{"class":129},[61,26408,109],{"class":75},[61,26410,16145],{"class":112},[61,26412,3417],{"class":75},[61,26414,26415],{"class":3420},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[47,26417,17175],{"id":17174},[14,26419,26420,601,26422,26424],{},[18,26421,12518],{},[603,26423,605],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26426,26427],{},"Instead, it returns:",[26,26429,26430,26433],{},[29,26431,26432],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[29,26434,26435],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26437,1109],{},[52,26439,26441],{"className":54,"code":26440,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[18,26442,26443,26475,26479,26502,26534,26538,26552,26566],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26444,26445,26447,26449,26451,26453,26455,26457,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469,26471,26473],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26446,1459],{"class":67},[61,26448,72],{"class":71},[61,26450,717],{"class":75},[61,26452,816],{"class":190},[61,26454,235],{"class":194},[61,26456,816],{"class":190},[61,26458,824],{"class":75},[61,26460,5763],{"class":79},[61,26462,83],{"class":75},[61,26464,522],{"class":190},[61,26466,1480],{"class":194},[61,26468,816],{"class":190},[61,26470,824],{"class":75},[61,26472,435],{"class":79},[61,26474,730],{"class":75},[61,26476,26477],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26478,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26480,26481,26484,26486,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,26482,26483],{"class":67},"result1 ",[61,26485,72],{"class":71},[61,26487,14321],{"class":67},[61,26489,244],{"class":75},[61,26491,25998],{"class":112},[61,26493,109],{"class":75},[61,26495,816],{"class":190},[61,26497,235],{"class":194},[61,26499,816],{"class":190},[61,26501,116],{"class":75},[61,26503,26504,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527,26530,26532],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,26505,26506],{"class":67},"result2 ",[61,26508,72],{"class":71},[61,26510,14321],{"class":67},[61,26512,244],{"class":75},[61,26514,25998],{"class":112},[61,26516,109],{"class":75},[61,26518,816],{"class":190},[61,26520,573],{"class":194},[61,26522,816],{"class":190},[61,26524,83],{"class":75},[61,26526,522],{"class":190},[61,26528,26529],{"class":194},"missing",[61,26531,816],{"class":190},[61,26533,116],{"class":75},[61,26535,26536],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,26537,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26539,26540,26542,26544,26547,26549],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,26541,130],{"class":129},[61,26543,109],{"class":75},[61,26545,26546],{"class":112},"result1",[61,26548,3417],{"class":75},[61,26550,26551],{"class":3420},"  # 10\n",[61,26553,26554,26556,26558,26561,26563],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,26555,130],{"class":129},[61,26557,109],{"class":75},[61,26559,26560],{"class":112},"result2",[61,26562,3417],{"class":75},[61,26564,26565],{"class":3420},"  # missing\n",[61,26567,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,26569,130],{"class":129},[61,26571,109],{"class":75},[61,26573,1501],{"class":112},[61,26575,3417],{"class":75},[61,26577,26578],{"class":3420},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26580,26581,26582,6391],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[235,26583,26584],{"href":10487},[18,26585,26586],{},"dict.get()",[47,26588,4723,26590],{"id":26589},"when-to-use-pop",[18,26591,12518],{},[14,26593,204,26594,1193],{},[18,26595,12518],{},[26,26597,26598,26601,26604],{},[29,26599,26600],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[29,26602,26603],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[29,26605,26606],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26608,1109],{},[52,26610,26612],{"className":54,"code":26611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[18,26613,26614,26666,26670,26697,26701,26725,26729,26743,26757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26615,26616,26618,26620,26622,26624,26626,26628,26630,26632,26635,26637,26639,26641,26643,26645,26647,26650,26652,26654,26657,26659,26661,26664],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26617,24881],{"class":67},[61,26619,72],{"class":71},[61,26621,717],{"class":75},[61,26623,816],{"class":190},[61,26625,819],{"class":194},[61,26627,816],{"class":190},[61,26629,824],{"class":75},[61,26631,522],{"class":190},[61,26633,26634],{"class":194},"Laptop",[61,26636,816],{"class":190},[61,26638,83],{"class":75},[61,26640,522],{"class":190},[61,26642,24907],{"class":194},[61,26644,816],{"class":190},[61,26646,824],{"class":75},[61,26648,26649],{"class":79}," 1200",[61,26651,83],{"class":75},[61,26653,522],{"class":190},[61,26655,26656],{"class":194},"discount",[61,26658,816],{"class":190},[61,26660,824],{"class":75},[61,26662,26663],{"class":79}," 200",[61,26665,730],{"class":75},[61,26667,26668],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26669,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26671,26672,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693,26695],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,26673,26674],{"class":67},"discount_amount ",[61,26676,72],{"class":71},[61,26678,24959],{"class":67},[61,26680,244],{"class":75},[61,26682,25998],{"class":112},[61,26684,109],{"class":75},[61,26686,816],{"class":190},[61,26688,26656],{"class":194},[61,26690,816],{"class":190},[61,26692,83],{"class":75},[61,26694,3591],{"class":79},[61,26696,116],{"class":75},[61,26698,26699],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,26700,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26702,26703,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,26704,26705],{"class":67},"final_price ",[61,26707,72],{"class":71},[61,26709,24959],{"class":67},[61,26711,3658],{"class":75},[61,26713,816],{"class":190},[61,26715,24907],{"class":194},[61,26717,816],{"class":190},[61,26719,13028],{"class":75},[61,26721,1984],{"class":71},[61,26723,26724],{"class":67}," discount_amount\n",[61,26726,26727],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,26728,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26730,26731,26733,26735,26738,26740],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,26732,130],{"class":129},[61,26734,109],{"class":75},[61,26736,26737],{"class":112},"discount_amount",[61,26739,3417],{"class":75},[61,26741,26742],{"class":3420},"  # 200\n",[61,26744,26745,26747,26749,26752,26754],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,26746,130],{"class":129},[61,26748,109],{"class":75},[61,26750,26751],{"class":112},"final_price",[61,26753,3417],{"class":75},[61,26755,26756],{"class":3420},"      # 1000\n",[61,26758,26759,26761,26763,26766,26768],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,26760,130],{"class":129},[61,26762,109],{"class":75},[61,26764,26765],{"class":112},"product",[61,26767,3417],{"class":75},[61,26769,26770],{"class":3420},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,26772,26773],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[47,26775,26777,10337,26779],{"id":26776},"pop-vs-del",[18,26778,12518],{},[18,26780,26781],{},"del",[14,26783,10342,26784,4154,26786,26788],{},[18,26785,12518],{},[18,26787,26781],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[408,26790,204,26792,26794],{"id":26791},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[18,26793,12518],{}," when you need the removed value",[52,26796,26798],{"className":54,"code":26797,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,26799,26800,26836,26840,26862,26866,26879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26801,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26803,809],{"class":67},[61,26805,72],{"class":71},[61,26807,717],{"class":75},[61,26809,816],{"class":190},[61,26811,819],{"class":194},[61,26813,816],{"class":190},[61,26815,824],{"class":75},[61,26817,522],{"class":190},[61,26819,829],{"class":194},[61,26821,816],{"class":190},[61,26823,83],{"class":75},[61,26825,522],{"class":190},[61,26827,838],{"class":194},[61,26829,816],{"class":190},[61,26831,824],{"class":75},[61,26833,845],{"class":79},[61,26835,730],{"class":75},[61,26837,26838],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26839,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26841,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850,26852,26854,26856,26858,26860],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,26843,21385],{"class":67},[61,26845,72],{"class":71},[61,26847,13002],{"class":67},[61,26849,244],{"class":75},[61,26851,25998],{"class":112},[61,26853,109],{"class":75},[61,26855,816],{"class":190},[61,26857,838],{"class":194},[61,26859,816],{"class":190},[61,26861,116],{"class":75},[61,26863,26864],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,26865,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26867,26868,26870,26872,26874,26876],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,26869,130],{"class":129},[61,26871,109],{"class":75},[61,26873,838],{"class":112},[61,26875,3417],{"class":75},[61,26877,26878],{"class":3420},"     # 25\n",[61,26880,26881,26883,26885,26887,26889],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,26882,130],{"class":129},[61,26884,109],{"class":75},[61,26886,860],{"class":112},[61,26888,3417],{"class":75},[61,26890,26891],{"class":3420},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[408,26893,204,26895,26897],{"id":26894},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[18,26896,26781],{}," when you only want deletion",[52,26899,26901],{"className":54,"code":26900,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,26902,26903,26939,26943,26959,26963],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26904,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925,26927,26929,26931,26933,26935,26937],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26906,809],{"class":67},[61,26908,72],{"class":71},[61,26910,717],{"class":75},[61,26912,816],{"class":190},[61,26914,819],{"class":194},[61,26916,816],{"class":190},[61,26918,824],{"class":75},[61,26920,522],{"class":190},[61,26922,829],{"class":194},[61,26924,816],{"class":190},[61,26926,83],{"class":75},[61,26928,522],{"class":190},[61,26930,838],{"class":194},[61,26932,816],{"class":190},[61,26934,824],{"class":75},[61,26936,845],{"class":79},[61,26938,730],{"class":75},[61,26940,26941],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,26942,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26944,26945,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955,26957],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,26946,26781],{"class":3634},[61,26948,13002],{"class":67},[61,26950,3658],{"class":75},[61,26952,816],{"class":190},[61,26954,838],{"class":194},[61,26956,816],{"class":190},[61,26958,94],{"class":75},[61,26960,26961],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,26962,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,26964,26965,26967,26969,26971,26973],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,26966,130],{"class":129},[61,26968,109],{"class":75},[61,26970,860],{"class":112},[61,26972,3417],{"class":75},[61,26974,26891],{"class":3420},[14,26976,26977],{},"Difference:",[26,26979,26980,26985],{},[29,26981,26982,26984],{},[18,26983,12518],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[29,26986,26987,26989],{},[18,26988,26781],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,26991,26992,26993,244],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[235,26994,12329],{"href":12328},[47,26996,26998,26999],{"id":26997},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[18,27000,19443],{},[14,27002,27003],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[408,27005,27007],{"id":27006},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[52,27009,27011],{"className":54,"code":27010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27012,27013,27038,27042,27068,27072,27084],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27014,27015,27017,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27034,27036],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27016,11478],{"class":67},[61,27018,72],{"class":71},[61,27020,717],{"class":75},[61,27022,816],{"class":190},[61,27024,819],{"class":194},[61,27026,816],{"class":190},[61,27028,824],{"class":75},[61,27030,522],{"class":190},[61,27032,27033],{"class":194},"Sara",[61,27035,816],{"class":190},[61,27037,730],{"class":75},[61,27039,27040],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27041,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,27043,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,27045,1580],{"class":67},[61,27047,72],{"class":71},[61,27049,11520],{"class":67},[61,27051,244],{"class":75},[61,27053,25998],{"class":112},[61,27055,109],{"class":75},[61,27057,816],{"class":190},[61,27059,838],{"class":194},[61,27061,816],{"class":190},[61,27063,83],{"class":75},[61,27065,3610],{"class":3609},[61,27067,116],{"class":75},[61,27069,27070],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,27071,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,27073,27074,27076,27078,27080,27082],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,27075,130],{"class":129},[61,27077,109],{"class":75},[61,27079,1605],{"class":112},[61,27081,3417],{"class":75},[61,27083,20317],{"class":3420},[61,27085,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,27087,130],{"class":129},[61,27089,109],{"class":75},[61,27091,11203],{"class":112},[61,27093,3417],{"class":75},[61,27095,27096],{"class":3420}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27098,27099],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[408,27101,27103],{"id":27102},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[52,27105,27107],{"className":54,"code":27106,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[18,27108,27109,27133,27137,27153,27176,27186,27193],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27110,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127,27129,27131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27112,11478],{"class":67},[61,27114,72],{"class":71},[61,27116,717],{"class":75},[61,27118,816],{"class":190},[61,27120,819],{"class":194},[61,27122,816],{"class":190},[61,27124,824],{"class":75},[61,27126,522],{"class":190},[61,27128,27033],{"class":194},[61,27130,816],{"class":190},[61,27132,730],{"class":75},[61,27134,27135],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27136,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,27138,27139,27141,27143,27145,27147,27149,27151],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,27140,6758],{"class":3634},[61,27142,522],{"class":190},[61,27144,838],{"class":194},[61,27146,816],{"class":190},[61,27148,20930],{"class":71},[61,27150,11520],{"class":67},[61,27152,6152],{"class":75},[61,27154,27155,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168,27170,27172,27174],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,27156,27157],{"class":67},"    value ",[61,27159,72],{"class":71},[61,27161,11520],{"class":67},[61,27163,244],{"class":75},[61,27165,25998],{"class":112},[61,27167,109],{"class":75},[61,27169,816],{"class":190},[61,27171,838],{"class":194},[61,27173,816],{"class":190},[61,27175,116],{"class":75},[61,27177,27178,27180,27182,27184],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,27179,7827],{"class":129},[61,27181,109],{"class":75},[61,27183,1605],{"class":112},[61,27185,116],{"class":75},[61,27187,27188,27191],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,27189,27190],{"class":3634},"else",[61,27192,6152],{"class":75},[61,27194,27195,27197,27199,27201,27204,27206],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,27196,7827],{"class":129},[61,27198,109],{"class":75},[61,27200,816],{"class":190},[61,27202,27203],{"class":194},"Key not found",[61,27205,816],{"class":190},[61,27207,116],{"class":75},[408,27209,27211,27212,27214],{"id":27210},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[18,27213,10491],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[52,27216,27218],{"className":54,"code":27217,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27219,27220,27244,27248,27274,27278,27290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27221,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27223,11478],{"class":67},[61,27225,72],{"class":71},[61,27227,717],{"class":75},[61,27229,816],{"class":190},[61,27231,819],{"class":194},[61,27233,816],{"class":190},[61,27235,824],{"class":75},[61,27237,522],{"class":190},[61,27239,27033],{"class":194},[61,27241,816],{"class":190},[61,27243,730],{"class":75},[61,27245,27246],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27247,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,27249,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,27251,1580],{"class":67},[61,27253,72],{"class":71},[61,27255,11520],{"class":67},[61,27257,244],{"class":75},[61,27259,19506],{"class":112},[61,27261,109],{"class":75},[61,27263,816],{"class":190},[61,27265,838],{"class":194},[61,27267,816],{"class":190},[61,27269,83],{"class":75},[61,27271,3610],{"class":3609},[61,27273,116],{"class":75},[61,27275,27276],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,27277,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,27279,27280,27282,27284,27286,27288],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,27281,130],{"class":129},[61,27283,109],{"class":75},[61,27285,1605],{"class":112},[61,27287,3417],{"class":75},[61,27289,20317],{"class":3420},[61,27291,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,27293,130],{"class":129},[61,27295,109],{"class":75},[61,27297,11203],{"class":112},[61,27299,3417],{"class":75},[61,27301,27096],{"class":3420},[14,27303,204,27304,27308,27309,244],{},[235,27305,27306],{"href":10487},[18,27307,26586],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[235,27310,11015],{"href":10826},[47,27312,4280],{"id":4279},[14,27314,27315,27316,244],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[18,27317,12324],{},[408,27319,25531,27321,27323],{"id":27320},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[18,27322,12518],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27325,27326],{},"Lists use indexes:",[52,27328,27330],{"className":54,"code":27329,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[18,27331,27332,27352],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27333,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27335,68],{"class":67},[61,27337,72],{"class":71},[61,27339,76],{"class":75},[61,27341,430],{"class":79},[61,27343,83],{"class":75},[61,27345,435],{"class":79},[61,27347,83],{"class":75},[61,27349,440],{"class":79},[61,27351,94],{"class":75},[61,27353,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368,27370],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27355,130],{"class":129},[61,27357,109],{"class":75},[61,27359,113],{"class":112},[61,27361,244],{"class":75},[61,27363,25998],{"class":112},[61,27365,109],{"class":75},[61,27367,80],{"class":79},[61,27369,5122],{"class":75},[61,27371,27372],{"class":3420},"  # 20\n",[14,27374,27375],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[52,27377,27379],{"className":54,"code":27378,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[18,27380,27381,27417],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27382,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411,27413,27415],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27384,809],{"class":67},[61,27386,72],{"class":71},[61,27388,717],{"class":75},[61,27390,816],{"class":190},[61,27392,819],{"class":194},[61,27394,816],{"class":190},[61,27396,824],{"class":75},[61,27398,522],{"class":190},[61,27400,829],{"class":194},[61,27402,816],{"class":190},[61,27404,83],{"class":75},[61,27406,522],{"class":190},[61,27408,838],{"class":194},[61,27410,816],{"class":190},[61,27412,824],{"class":75},[61,27414,845],{"class":79},[61,27416,730],{"class":75},[61,27418,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27420,130],{"class":129},[61,27422,109],{"class":75},[61,27424,860],{"class":112},[61,27426,244],{"class":75},[61,27428,25998],{"class":112},[61,27430,109],{"class":75},[61,27432,816],{"class":190},[61,27434,838],{"class":194},[61,27436,816],{"class":190},[61,27438,5122],{"class":75},[61,27440,27441],{"class":3420},"  # 25\n",[14,27443,27444,27445,27447,27448,27450],{},"A dictionary does ",[603,27446,605],{}," use positions with ",[18,27449,12518],{},". It uses keys.",[408,27452,4466,27454,27456],{"id":27453},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[18,27455,12518],{}," changes the original dictionary",[52,27458,27460],{"className":54,"code":27459,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[18,27461,27462,27494,27498,27520,27524,27537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27463,27464,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27465,1459],{"class":67},[61,27467,72],{"class":71},[61,27469,717],{"class":75},[61,27471,816],{"class":190},[61,27473,1936],{"class":194},[61,27475,816],{"class":190},[61,27477,824],{"class":75},[61,27479,680],{"class":79},[61,27481,83],{"class":75},[61,27483,522],{"class":190},[61,27485,11499],{"class":194},[61,27487,816],{"class":190},[61,27489,824],{"class":75},[61,27491,86],{"class":79},[61,27493,730],{"class":75},[61,27495,27496],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27497,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,27499,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512,27514,27516,27518],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,27501,1580],{"class":67},[61,27503,72],{"class":71},[61,27505,14321],{"class":67},[61,27507,244],{"class":75},[61,27509,25998],{"class":112},[61,27511,109],{"class":75},[61,27513,816],{"class":190},[61,27515,1936],{"class":194},[61,27517,816],{"class":190},[61,27519,116],{"class":75},[61,27521,27522],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,27523,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,27525,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,27527,130],{"class":129},[61,27529,109],{"class":75},[61,27531,1605],{"class":112},[61,27533,3417],{"class":75},[61,27535,27536],{"class":3420},"  # 1\n",[61,27538,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,27540,130],{"class":129},[61,27542,109],{"class":75},[61,27544,1501],{"class":112},[61,27546,3417],{"class":75},[61,27548,27549],{"class":3420},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27551,27552,27553,27555],{},"After ",[18,27554,12518],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[408,27557,8175,27559,27561],{"id":27558},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[18,27560,12518],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[52,27563,27565],{"className":54,"code":27564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[18,27566,27567,27591,27595,27600],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27568,27569,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581,27583,27585,27587,27589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27570,1459],{"class":67},[61,27572,72],{"class":71},[61,27574,717],{"class":75},[61,27576,816],{"class":190},[61,27578,819],{"class":194},[61,27580,816],{"class":190},[61,27582,824],{"class":75},[61,27584,522],{"class":190},[61,27586,7679],{"class":194},[61,27588,816],{"class":190},[61,27590,730],{"class":75},[61,27592,27593],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27594,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,27596,27597],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,27598,27599],{"class":3420},"# This causes an error\n",[61,27601,27602],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,27603,27604],{"class":3420},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27606,27607],{},"Safer version:",[52,27609,27611],{"className":54,"code":27610,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[18,27612,27613,27637,27641],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27614,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27616,1459],{"class":67},[61,27618,72],{"class":71},[61,27620,717],{"class":75},[61,27622,816],{"class":190},[61,27624,819],{"class":194},[61,27626,816],{"class":190},[61,27628,824],{"class":75},[61,27630,522],{"class":190},[61,27632,7679],{"class":194},[61,27634,816],{"class":190},[61,27636,730],{"class":75},[61,27638,27639],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27640,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,27642,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,27644,130],{"class":129},[61,27646,109],{"class":75},[61,27648,1501],{"class":112},[61,27650,244],{"class":75},[61,27652,25998],{"class":112},[61,27654,109],{"class":75},[61,27656,816],{"class":190},[61,27658,838],{"class":194},[61,27660,816],{"class":190},[61,27662,83],{"class":75},[61,27664,522],{"class":190},[61,27666,26529],{"class":194},[61,27668,816],{"class":190},[61,27670,5122],{"class":75},[61,27672,26565],{"class":3420},[408,27674,8211,27676,27678],{"id":27675},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[18,27677,12518],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[52,27680,27682],{"className":54,"code":27681,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[18,27683,27684,27716,27720,27742,27746,27758],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27685,27686,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27687,1459],{"class":67},[61,27689,72],{"class":71},[61,27691,717],{"class":75},[61,27693,816],{"class":190},[61,27695,235],{"class":194},[61,27697,816],{"class":190},[61,27699,824],{"class":75},[61,27701,680],{"class":79},[61,27703,83],{"class":75},[61,27705,522],{"class":190},[61,27707,1480],{"class":194},[61,27709,816],{"class":190},[61,27711,824],{"class":75},[61,27713,86],{"class":79},[61,27715,730],{"class":75},[61,27717,27718],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27719,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,27721,27722,27724,27726,27728,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,27723,100],{"class":67},[61,27725,72],{"class":71},[61,27727,14321],{"class":67},[61,27729,244],{"class":75},[61,27731,25998],{"class":112},[61,27733,109],{"class":75},[61,27735,816],{"class":190},[61,27737,235],{"class":194},[61,27739,816],{"class":190},[61,27741,116],{"class":75},[61,27743,27744],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,27745,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,27747,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,27749,130],{"class":129},[61,27751,109],{"class":75},[61,27753,135],{"class":112},[61,27755,3417],{"class":75},[61,27757,27536],{"class":3420},[61,27759,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,27761,130],{"class":129},[61,27763,109],{"class":75},[61,27765,1501],{"class":112},[61,27767,3417],{"class":75},[61,27769,27770],{"class":3420},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,27772,27773],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[47,27775,27777],{"id":27776},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,27779,27780,27781,27783],{},"Problems with ",[18,27782,12324],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[26,27785,27786,27789,27798,27801],{},[29,27787,27788],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[29,27790,27791,27792,27795,27796],{},"Mixing up list ",[18,27793,27794],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[18,27797,26094],{},[29,27799,27800],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[29,27802,27803,27804,10844,27806],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[18,27805,80],{},[18,27807,27808],{},"\"1\"",[14,27810,27811],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[52,27813,27815],{"className":54,"code":27814,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[18,27816,27817,27841,27845,27875],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27818,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835,27837,27839],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27820,1459],{"class":67},[61,27822,72],{"class":71},[61,27824,717],{"class":75},[61,27826,816],{"class":190},[61,27828,80],{"class":194},[61,27830,816],{"class":190},[61,27832,824],{"class":75},[61,27834,522],{"class":190},[61,27836,6345],{"class":194},[61,27838,816],{"class":190},[61,27840,730],{"class":75},[61,27842,27843],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27844,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,27846,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27868,27870,27872],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,27848,130],{"class":129},[61,27850,109],{"class":75},[61,27852,1501],{"class":112},[61,27854,244],{"class":75},[61,27856,25998],{"class":112},[61,27858,109],{"class":75},[61,27860,80],{"class":79},[61,27862,83],{"class":75},[61,27864,522],{"class":190},[61,27866,27867],{"class":194},"not found",[61,27869,816],{"class":190},[61,27871,5122],{"class":75},[61,27873,27874],{"class":3420},"    # not found\n",[61,27876,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,27878,130],{"class":129},[61,27880,109],{"class":75},[61,27882,1501],{"class":112},[61,27884,244],{"class":75},[61,27886,25998],{"class":112},[61,27888,109],{"class":75},[61,27890,816],{"class":190},[61,27892,80],{"class":194},[61,27894,816],{"class":190},[61,27896,83],{"class":75},[61,27898,522],{"class":190},[61,27900,27867],{"class":194},[61,27902,816],{"class":190},[61,27904,5122],{"class":75},[61,27906,27907],{"class":3420},"  # one\n",[14,27909,27910,4154,27912,27914],{},[18,27911,80],{},[18,27913,27808],{}," are different keys.",[47,27916,8631],{"id":8630},[14,27918,8634,27919,27921],{},[18,27920,12518],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[52,27923,27925],{"className":54,"code":27924,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,27926,27927,27937,27951,27969,27999],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27928,27929,27931,27933,27935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27930,130],{"class":129},[61,27932,109],{"class":75},[61,27934,11203],{"class":112},[61,27936,116],{"class":75},[61,27938,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,27940,130],{"class":129},[61,27942,109],{"class":75},[61,27944,11203],{"class":112},[61,27946,244],{"class":75},[61,27948,16680],{"class":112},[61,27950,6955],{"class":75},[61,27952,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,27954,130],{"class":129},[61,27956,109],{"class":75},[61,27958,198],{"class":190},[61,27960,819],{"class":194},[61,27962,198],{"class":190},[61,27964,20930],{"class":3634},[61,27966,11520],{"class":112},[61,27968,116],{"class":75},[61,27970,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983,27985,27987,27989,27991,27993,27995,27997],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,27972,130],{"class":129},[61,27974,109],{"class":75},[61,27976,11203],{"class":112},[61,27978,244],{"class":75},[61,27980,25998],{"class":112},[61,27982,109],{"class":75},[61,27984,198],{"class":190},[61,27986,819],{"class":194},[61,27988,198],{"class":190},[61,27990,83],{"class":75},[61,27992,191],{"class":190},[61,27994,26529],{"class":194},[61,27996,198],{"class":190},[61,27998,154],{"class":75},[61,28000,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,28002,130],{"class":129},[61,28004,109],{"class":75},[61,28006,147],{"class":105},[61,28008,109],{"class":75},[61,28010,11203],{"class":112},[61,28012,154],{"class":75},[14,28014,21093],{},[26,28016,28017,28022,28027,28032,28038],{},[29,28018,28019,28021],{},[18,28020,12434],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[29,28023,28024,28026],{},[18,28025,21105],{}," shows all available keys",[29,28028,28029,28031],{},[18,28030,21111],{}," checks whether a key exists",[29,28033,28034,28037],{},[18,28035,28036],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[29,28039,28040,28042],{},[18,28041,12440],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28044,28045,28046,244],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[235,28047,9144],{"href":9143},[47,28049,1620],{"id":1619},[408,28051,28053,28054,28056],{"id":28052},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[18,28055,12518],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28058,28059],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[408,28061,28063],{"id":28062},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28065,28066,26294,28068,28070,28071,28073],{},[18,28067,26094],{},[18,28069,19443],{},". ",[18,28072,26098],{}," returns the default value instead.",[408,28075,12459,28077,14651],{"id":28076},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,28078,12518],{},[14,28080,28081],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[408,28083,28085,28086,28088],{"id":28084},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[18,28087,12518],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28090,28091,28092,28094,28095,244],{},"Not with ",[18,28093,12324],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[235,28096,28097],{"href":12335},[18,28098,12525],{},[408,28100,4943,28102,4154,28104,2251],{"id":28101},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[18,28103,10491],{},[18,28105,12518],{},[14,28107,28108,28110,28111,28113],{},[18,28109,10491],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[18,28112,12518],{}," reads and removes it.",[47,28115,1664],{"id":1663},[26,28117,28118,28124,28131,28135,28139,28143],{},[29,28119,28120],{},[235,28121,28122],{"href":10487},[18,28123,19424],{},[29,28125,28126],{},[235,28127,28128],{"href":12335},[18,28129,28130],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[29,28132,28133],{},[235,28134,12542],{"href":12328},[29,28136,28137],{},[235,28138,21214],{"href":16353},[29,28140,28141],{},[235,28142,11015],{"href":10826},[29,28144,28145],{},[235,28146,28148],{"href":28147},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1693,28150,28151],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":28153},[28154,28155,28157,28158,28159,28161,28168,28175,28185,28186,28187,28198],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":26105,"depth":97,"text":28156},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":26589,"depth":97,"text":28160},"When to use pop()",{"id":26776,"depth":97,"text":28162,"children":28163},"pop() vs del",[28164,28166],{"id":26791,"depth":119,"text":28165},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26894,"depth":119,"text":28167},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26997,"depth":97,"text":28169,"children":28170},"How to avoid KeyError",[28171,28172,28173],{"id":27006,"depth":119,"text":27007},{"id":27102,"depth":119,"text":27103},{"id":27210,"depth":119,"text":28174},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":28176},[28177,28179,28181,28183],{"id":27320,"depth":119,"text":28178},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27453,"depth":119,"text":28180},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27558,"depth":119,"text":28182},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27675,"depth":119,"text":28184},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27776,"depth":97,"text":27777},{"id":8630,"depth":97,"text":8631},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":28188},[28189,28191,28192,28194,28196],{"id":28052,"depth":119,"text":28190},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28062,"depth":119,"text":28063},{"id":28076,"depth":119,"text":28193},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28084,"depth":119,"text":28195},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28101,"depth":119,"text":28197},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25926,"description":28199},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28206,"title":28130,"body":28207,"description":30144,"extension":1727,"meta":30145,"navigation":122,"path":30146,"seo":30147,"stem":30148,"__hash__":30149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28208,"toc":30108},[28209,28214,28219,28222,28230,28240,28242,28331,28335,28384,28389,28394,28398,28414,28417,28419,28434,28436,28452,28459,28463,28469,28478,28480,28549,28553,28574,28577,28596,28599,28622,28624,28627,28742,28746,28805,28812,28816,28822,28947,28951,29001,29004,29008,29015,29017,29080,29084,29105,29108,29117,29132,29140,29147,29151,29163,29167,29178,29180,29326,29330,29389,29396,29401,29405,29410,29433,29437,29456,29460,29531,29538,29611,29620,29625,29630,29641,29644,29781,29785,29817,29822,29824,29828,29888,29891,29948,29951,29994,29996,30001,30007,30013,30016,30023,30031,30036,30039,30046,30054,30056,30105],[10,28210,11071,28212,11075],{"id":28211},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[18,28213,12525],{},[14,28215,1744,28216,28218],{},[18,28217,12525],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28220,28221],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[26,28223,28224,28227],{},[29,28225,28226],{},"remove an item",[29,28228,28229],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28231,28232,28233,28235,28236,28239],{},"In modern Python, ",[18,28234,12525],{}," removes the ",[603,28237,28238],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[47,28241,50],{"id":49},[52,28243,28245],{"className":54,"code":28244,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[18,28246,28247,28291,28307,28311,28321],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28248,28249,28251,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273,28275,28277,28279,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28250,1459],{"class":67},[61,28252,72],{"class":71},[61,28254,717],{"class":75},[61,28256,816],{"class":190},[61,28258,235],{"class":194},[61,28260,816],{"class":190},[61,28262,824],{"class":75},[61,28264,680],{"class":79},[61,28266,83],{"class":75},[61,28268,522],{"class":190},[61,28270,1480],{"class":194},[61,28272,816],{"class":190},[61,28274,824],{"class":75},[61,28276,86],{"class":79},[61,28278,83],{"class":75},[61,28280,522],{"class":190},[61,28282,573],{"class":194},[61,28284,816],{"class":190},[61,28286,824],{"class":75},[61,28288,91],{"class":79},[61,28290,730],{"class":75},[61,28292,28293,28296,28298,28300,28302,28305],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28294,28295],{"class":67},"item ",[61,28297,72],{"class":71},[61,28299,14321],{"class":67},[61,28301,244],{"class":75},[61,28303,28304],{"class":112},"popitem",[61,28306,263],{"class":75},[61,28308,28309],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,28310,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,28312,28313,28315,28317,28319],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,28314,130],{"class":129},[61,28316,109],{"class":75},[61,28318,23068],{"class":112},[61,28320,116],{"class":75},[61,28322,28323,28325,28327,28329],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,28324,130],{"class":129},[61,28326,109],{"class":75},[61,28328,1501],{"class":112},[61,28330,116],{"class":75},[14,28332,28333],{},[603,28334,157],{},[52,28336,28338],{"className":54,"code":28337,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,28339,28340,28356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28341,28342,28344,28346,28348,28350,28352,28354],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28343,109],{"class":75},[61,28345,198],{"class":190},[61,28347,573],{"class":194},[61,28349,198],{"class":190},[61,28351,83],{"class":75},[61,28353,91],{"class":79},[61,28355,116],{"class":75},[61,28357,28358,28360,28362,28364,28366,28368,28370,28372,28374,28376,28378,28380,28382],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28359,9033],{"class":75},[61,28361,198],{"class":190},[61,28363,235],{"class":194},[61,28365,198],{"class":190},[61,28367,824],{"class":75},[61,28369,680],{"class":79},[61,28371,83],{"class":75},[61,28373,191],{"class":190},[61,28375,1480],{"class":194},[61,28377,198],{"class":190},[61,28379,824],{"class":75},[61,28381,86],{"class":79},[61,28383,730],{"class":75},[14,28385,28386,28388],{},[18,28387,12525],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[47,28390,3435,28392,3438],{"id":28391},"what-popitem-does",[18,28393,12525],{},[14,28395,28396,824],{},[18,28397,12525],{},[26,28399,28400,28403,28408,28411],{},[29,28401,28402],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[29,28404,28405,28406],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[18,28407,21412],{},[29,28409,28410],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[29,28412,28413],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28415,28416],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[47,28418,248],{"id":247},[52,28420,28422],{"className":54,"code":28421,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[18,28423,28424],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28425,28426,28428,28430,28432],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28427,15360],{"class":67},[61,28429,244],{"class":75},[61,28431,28304],{"class":112},[61,28433,263],{"class":75},[14,28435,277],{},[26,28437,28438,28446,28449],{},[29,28439,28440,28442,28443],{},[18,28441,12525],{}," takes ",[603,28444,28445],{},"no arguments",[29,28447,28448],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[29,28450,28451],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28453,28454,28455,6391],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[235,28456,28457],{"href":12321},[18,28458,12518],{},[47,28460,28462],{"id":28461},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28464,28465,28466,28468],{},"The value returned by ",[18,28467,12525],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28470,28471,28472,28475],"ol",{},[29,28473,28474],{},"the key",[29,28476,28477],{},"the value",[14,28479,1109],{},[52,28481,28483],{"className":54,"code":28482,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,28484,28485,28521,28535,28539],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28486,28487,28489,28491,28493,28495,28497,28499,28501,28503,28505,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517,28519],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28488,809],{"class":67},[61,28490,72],{"class":71},[61,28492,717],{"class":75},[61,28494,816],{"class":190},[61,28496,819],{"class":194},[61,28498,816],{"class":190},[61,28500,824],{"class":75},[61,28502,522],{"class":190},[61,28504,4766],{"class":194},[61,28506,816],{"class":190},[61,28508,83],{"class":75},[61,28510,522],{"class":190},[61,28512,838],{"class":194},[61,28514,816],{"class":190},[61,28516,824],{"class":75},[61,28518,845],{"class":79},[61,28520,730],{"class":75},[61,28522,28523,28525,28527,28529,28531,28533],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28524,100],{"class":67},[61,28526,72],{"class":71},[61,28528,13002],{"class":67},[61,28530,244],{"class":75},[61,28532,28304],{"class":112},[61,28534,263],{"class":75},[61,28536,28537],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,28538,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,28540,28541,28543,28545,28547],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,28542,130],{"class":129},[61,28544,109],{"class":75},[61,28546,135],{"class":112},[61,28548,116],{"class":75},[14,28550,28551],{},[603,28552,157],{},[52,28554,28556],{"className":54,"code":28555,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('age', 25)\n",[18,28557,28558],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28559,28560,28562,28564,28566,28568,28570,28572],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28561,109],{"class":75},[61,28563,198],{"class":190},[61,28565,838],{"class":194},[61,28567,198],{"class":190},[61,28569,83],{"class":75},[61,28571,845],{"class":79},[61,28573,116],{"class":75},[14,28575,28576],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[52,28578,28580],{"className":54,"code":28579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = person.popitem()\n",[18,28581,28582],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28583,28584,28586,28588,28590,28592,28594],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28585,100],{"class":67},[61,28587,72],{"class":71},[61,28589,13002],{"class":67},[61,28591,244],{"class":75},[61,28593,28304],{"class":112},[61,28595,263],{"class":75},[14,28597,28598],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[52,28600,28602],{"className":54,"code":28601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[18,28603,28604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28605,28606,28608,28610,28612,28614,28616,28618,28620],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28607,14596],{"class":67},[61,28609,83],{"class":75},[61,28611,21341],{"class":67},[61,28613,72],{"class":71},[61,28615,13002],{"class":67},[61,28617,244],{"class":75},[61,28619,28304],{"class":112},[61,28621,263],{"class":75},[47,28623,11228],{"id":11227},[14,28625,28626],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[52,28628,28630],{"className":54,"code":28629,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[18,28631,28632,28680,28684,28699,28703,28723],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28633,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28664,28666,28668,28671,28673,28675,28678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28635,4826],{"class":67},[61,28637,72],{"class":71},[61,28639,717],{"class":75},[61,28641,816],{"class":190},[61,28643,28644],{"class":194},"Tom",[61,28646,816],{"class":190},[61,28648,824],{"class":75},[61,28650,4838],{"class":79},[61,28652,83],{"class":75},[61,28654,522],{"class":190},[61,28656,829],{"class":194},[61,28658,816],{"class":190},[61,28660,824],{"class":75},[61,28662,28663],{"class":79}," 95",[61,28665,83],{"class":75},[61,28667,522],{"class":190},[61,28669,28670],{"class":194},"Leo",[61,28672,816],{"class":190},[61,28674,824],{"class":75},[61,28676,28677],{"class":79}," 88",[61,28679,730],{"class":75},[61,28681,28682],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28683,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,28685,28686,28689,28691,28693,28695,28697],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,28687,28688],{"class":67},"removed_pair ",[61,28690,72],{"class":71},[61,28692,4873],{"class":67},[61,28694,244],{"class":75},[61,28696,28304],{"class":112},[61,28698,263],{"class":75},[61,28700,28701],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,28702,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,28704,28705,28707,28709,28711,28714,28716,28718,28721],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,28706,130],{"class":129},[61,28708,109],{"class":75},[61,28710,816],{"class":190},[61,28712,28713],{"class":194},"Removed:",[61,28715,816],{"class":190},[61,28717,83],{"class":75},[61,28719,28720],{"class":112}," removed_pair",[61,28722,116],{"class":75},[61,28724,28725,28727,28729,28731,28734,28736,28738,28740],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,28726,130],{"class":129},[61,28728,109],{"class":75},[61,28730,816],{"class":190},[61,28732,28733],{"class":194},"After removal:",[61,28735,816],{"class":190},[61,28737,83],{"class":75},[61,28739,4873],{"class":112},[61,28741,116],{"class":75},[14,28743,28744],{},[603,28745,157],{},[52,28747,28749],{"className":54,"code":28748,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[18,28750,28751,28772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28752,28753,28756,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766,28768,28770],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28754,28755],{"class":67},"Removed",[61,28757,824],{"class":75},[61,28759,1048],{"class":75},[61,28761,198],{"class":190},[61,28763,28670],{"class":194},[61,28765,198],{"class":190},[61,28767,83],{"class":75},[61,28769,28677],{"class":79},[61,28771,116],{"class":75},[61,28773,28774,28777,28779,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797,28799,28801,28803],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28775,28776],{"class":67},"After removal",[61,28778,824],{"class":75},[61,28780,717],{"class":75},[61,28782,198],{"class":190},[61,28784,28644],{"class":194},[61,28786,198],{"class":190},[61,28788,824],{"class":75},[61,28790,4838],{"class":79},[61,28792,83],{"class":75},[61,28794,191],{"class":190},[61,28796,829],{"class":194},[61,28798,198],{"class":190},[61,28800,824],{"class":75},[61,28802,28663],{"class":79},[61,28804,730],{"class":75},[14,28806,28807,28808,28811],{},"The last inserted item was ",[18,28809,28810],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[47,28813,28815],{"id":28814},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,28817,28818,28819,28821],{},"Because ",[18,28820,12525],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[52,28823,28825],{"className":54,"code":28824,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[18,28826,28827,28863,28867,28886,28890,28909,28928],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28828,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847,28849,28851,28853,28855,28857,28859,28861],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28830,15203],{"class":67},[61,28832,72],{"class":71},[61,28834,717],{"class":75},[61,28836,816],{"class":190},[61,28838,15214],{"class":194},[61,28840,816],{"class":190},[61,28842,824],{"class":75},[61,28844,522],{"class":190},[61,28846,15223],{"class":194},[61,28848,816],{"class":190},[61,28850,83],{"class":75},[61,28852,522],{"class":190},[61,28854,15234],{"class":194},[61,28856,816],{"class":190},[61,28858,824],{"class":75},[61,28860,26663],{"class":79},[61,28862,730],{"class":75},[61,28864,28865],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28866,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,28868,28869,28871,28873,28875,28877,28880,28882,28884],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,28870,14596],{"class":67},[61,28872,83],{"class":75},[61,28874,21341],{"class":67},[61,28876,72],{"class":71},[61,28878,28879],{"class":67}," book",[61,28881,244],{"class":75},[61,28883,28304],{"class":112},[61,28885,263],{"class":75},[61,28887,28888],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,28889,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,28891,28892,28894,28896,28898,28901,28903,28905,28907],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,28893,130],{"class":129},[61,28895,109],{"class":75},[61,28897,816],{"class":190},[61,28899,28900],{"class":194},"Key:",[61,28902,816],{"class":190},[61,28904,83],{"class":75},[61,28906,21336],{"class":112},[61,28908,116],{"class":75},[61,28910,28911,28913,28915,28917,28920,28922,28924,28926],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,28912,130],{"class":129},[61,28914,109],{"class":75},[61,28916,816],{"class":190},[61,28918,28919],{"class":194},"Value:",[61,28921,816],{"class":190},[61,28923,83],{"class":75},[61,28925,8191],{"class":112},[61,28927,116],{"class":75},[61,28929,28930,28932,28934,28936,28939,28941,28943,28945],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,28931,130],{"class":129},[61,28933,109],{"class":75},[61,28935,816],{"class":190},[61,28937,28938],{"class":194},"Dictionary:",[61,28940,816],{"class":190},[61,28942,83],{"class":75},[61,28944,28879],{"class":112},[61,28946,116],{"class":75},[14,28948,28949],{},[603,28950,157],{},[52,28952,28954],{"className":54,"code":28953,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[18,28955,28956,28966,28976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28957,28958,28961,28963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28959,28960],{"class":67},"Key",[61,28962,824],{"class":75},[61,28964,28965],{"class":67}," pages\n",[61,28967,28968,28971,28973],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,28969,28970],{"class":67},"Value",[61,28972,824],{"class":75},[61,28974,28975],{"class":79}," 200\n",[61,28977,28978,28981,28983,28985,28987,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997,28999],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,28979,28980],{"class":67},"Dictionary",[61,28982,824],{"class":75},[61,28984,717],{"class":75},[61,28986,198],{"class":190},[61,28988,15214],{"class":194},[61,28990,198],{"class":190},[61,28992,824],{"class":75},[61,28994,191],{"class":190},[61,28996,15223],{"class":194},[61,28998,198],{"class":190},[61,29000,730],{"class":75},[14,29002,29003],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[47,29005,29007],{"id":29006},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29009,29010,29011,28235,29013,244],{},"In current Python versions, ",[18,29012,12525],{},[603,29014,28238],{},[14,29016,1109],{},[52,29018,29020],{"className":54,"code":29019,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[18,29021,29022,29066],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29023,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036,29038,29040,29042,29044,29046,29048,29050,29052,29054,29056,29058,29060,29062,29064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29025,1459],{"class":67},[61,29027,72],{"class":71},[61,29029,717],{"class":75},[61,29031,816],{"class":190},[61,29033,1936],{"class":194},[61,29035,816],{"class":190},[61,29037,824],{"class":75},[61,29039,680],{"class":79},[61,29041,83],{"class":75},[61,29043,522],{"class":190},[61,29045,11499],{"class":194},[61,29047,816],{"class":190},[61,29049,824],{"class":75},[61,29051,86],{"class":79},[61,29053,83],{"class":75},[61,29055,522],{"class":190},[61,29057,21834],{"class":194},[61,29059,816],{"class":190},[61,29061,824],{"class":75},[61,29063,91],{"class":79},[61,29065,730],{"class":75},[61,29067,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076,29078],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29069,130],{"class":129},[61,29071,109],{"class":75},[61,29073,1501],{"class":112},[61,29075,244],{"class":75},[61,29077,28304],{"class":112},[61,29079,6955],{"class":75},[14,29081,29082],{},[603,29083,157],{},[52,29085,29087],{"className":54,"code":29086,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('z', 3)\n",[18,29088,29089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29090,29091,29093,29095,29097,29099,29101,29103],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29092,109],{"class":75},[61,29094,198],{"class":190},[61,29096,21834],{"class":194},[61,29098,198],{"class":190},[61,29100,83],{"class":75},[61,29102,91],{"class":79},[61,29104,116],{"class":75},[14,29106,29107],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29109,29110,29111,29113,29114,29116],{},"As a beginner, do ",[603,29112,605],{}," think of ",[18,29115,12525],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29118,29119,29120,1951,29124,16829,29128,244],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[235,29121,29122],{"href":16832},[18,29123,16835],{},[235,29125,29126],{"href":16819},[18,29127,16822],{},[235,29129,29130],{"href":16825},[18,29131,16828],{},[47,29133,29135,29136,4154,29138],{"id":29134},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[18,29137,12525],{},[18,29139,12518],{},[14,29141,29142,4154,29144,29146],{},[18,29143,12525],{},[18,29145,12518],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[408,29148,29149],{"id":28304},[18,29150,12525],{},[26,29152,29153,29156,29159],{},[29,29154,29155],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[29,29157,29158],{},"does not need a key argument",[29,29160,3450,29161],{},[18,29162,21412],{},[408,29164,29165],{"id":25998},[18,29166,12518],{},[26,29168,29169,29172,29175],{},[29,29170,29171],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[29,29173,29174],{},"needs the key name",[29,29176,29177],{},"returns only the value",[14,29179,1109],{},[52,29181,29183],{"className":54,"code":29182,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,29184,29185,29229,29233,29247,29267,29271,29293,29312,29316],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29186,29187,29189,29191,29193,29195,29197,29199,29201,29203,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29188,1459],{"class":67},[61,29190,72],{"class":71},[61,29192,717],{"class":75},[61,29194,816],{"class":190},[61,29196,235],{"class":194},[61,29198,816],{"class":190},[61,29200,824],{"class":75},[61,29202,680],{"class":79},[61,29204,83],{"class":75},[61,29206,522],{"class":190},[61,29208,1480],{"class":194},[61,29210,816],{"class":190},[61,29212,824],{"class":75},[61,29214,86],{"class":79},[61,29216,83],{"class":75},[61,29218,522],{"class":190},[61,29220,573],{"class":194},[61,29222,816],{"class":190},[61,29224,824],{"class":75},[61,29226,91],{"class":79},[61,29228,730],{"class":75},[61,29230,29231],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29232,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,29234,29235,29237,29239,29241,29243,29245],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,29236,28295],{"class":67},[61,29238,72],{"class":71},[61,29240,14321],{"class":67},[61,29242,244],{"class":75},[61,29244,28304],{"class":112},[61,29246,263],{"class":75},[61,29248,29249,29251,29253,29255,29258,29260,29262,29265],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,29250,130],{"class":129},[61,29252,109],{"class":75},[61,29254,816],{"class":190},[61,29256,29257],{"class":194},"popitem():",[61,29259,816],{"class":190},[61,29261,83],{"class":75},[61,29263,29264],{"class":112}," item",[61,29266,116],{"class":75},[61,29268,29269],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,29270,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,29272,29273,29275,29277,29279,29281,29283,29285,29287,29289,29291],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,29274,1580],{"class":67},[61,29276,72],{"class":71},[61,29278,14321],{"class":67},[61,29280,244],{"class":75},[61,29282,25998],{"class":112},[61,29284,109],{"class":75},[61,29286,816],{"class":190},[61,29288,235],{"class":194},[61,29290,816],{"class":190},[61,29292,116],{"class":75},[61,29294,29295,29297,29299,29301,29304,29306,29308,29310],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,29296,130],{"class":129},[61,29298,109],{"class":75},[61,29300,816],{"class":190},[61,29302,29303],{"class":194},"pop('a'):",[61,29305,816],{"class":190},[61,29307,83],{"class":75},[61,29309,8191],{"class":112},[61,29311,116],{"class":75},[61,29313,29314],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,29315,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,29317,29318,29320,29322,29324],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,29319,130],{"class":129},[61,29321,109],{"class":75},[61,29323,1501],{"class":112},[61,29325,116],{"class":75},[14,29327,29328],{},[603,29329,157],{},[52,29331,29333],{"className":54,"code":29332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[18,29334,29335,29356,29373],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29336,29337,29339,29342,29344,29346,29348,29350,29352,29354],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29338,28304],{"class":112},[61,29340,29341],{"class":75},"():",[61,29343,1048],{"class":75},[61,29345,198],{"class":190},[61,29347,573],{"class":194},[61,29349,198],{"class":190},[61,29351,83],{"class":75},[61,29353,91],{"class":79},[61,29355,116],{"class":75},[61,29357,29358,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368,29370],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29359,25998],{"class":112},[61,29361,109],{"class":75},[61,29363,198],{"class":190},[61,29365,235],{"class":194},[61,29367,198],{"class":190},[61,29369,16208],{"class":75},[61,29371,29372],{"class":79}," 1\n",[61,29374,29375,29377,29379,29381,29383,29385,29387],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,29376,9033],{"class":75},[61,29378,198],{"class":190},[61,29380,1480],{"class":194},[61,29382,198],{"class":190},[61,29384,824],{"class":75},[61,29386,86],{"class":79},[61,29388,730],{"class":75},[14,29390,204,29391,29395],{},[235,29392,29393],{"href":12321},[18,29394,12518],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29397,204,29398,29400],{},[18,29399,12525],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[47,29402,29404],{"id":29403},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29406,312,29407,29409],{},[18,29408,12525],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[52,29411,29413],{"className":54,"code":29412,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[18,29414,29415,29423],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29416,29417,29419,29421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29418,1459],{"class":67},[61,29420,72],{"class":71},[61,29422,9590],{"class":75},[61,29424,29425,29427,29429,29431],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29426,1501],{"class":67},[61,29428,244],{"class":75},[61,29430,28304],{"class":112},[61,29432,263],{"class":75},[14,29434,29435],{},[603,29436,1262],{},[52,29438,29440],{"className":54,"code":29439,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[18,29441,29442],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29443,29444,29446,29448,29450,29453],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29445,19443],{"class":105},[61,29447,824],{"class":75},[61,29449,191],{"class":190},[61,29451,29452],{"class":194},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[61,29454,29455],{"class":190},"'\n",[408,29457,29459],{"id":29458},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[52,29461,29463],{"className":54,"code":29462,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,29464,29465,29473,29477,29485,29500,29510,29516],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29466,29467,29469,29471],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29468,1459],{"class":67},[61,29470,72],{"class":71},[61,29472,9590],{"class":75},[61,29474,29475],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29476,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,29478,29479,29481,29483],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,29480,6758],{"class":3634},[61,29482,14321],{"class":67},[61,29484,6152],{"class":75},[61,29486,29487,29490,29492,29494,29496,29498],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,29488,29489],{"class":67},"    item ",[61,29491,72],{"class":71},[61,29493,14321],{"class":67},[61,29495,244],{"class":75},[61,29497,28304],{"class":112},[61,29499,263],{"class":75},[61,29501,29502,29504,29506,29508],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,29503,7827],{"class":129},[61,29505,109],{"class":75},[61,29507,23068],{"class":112},[61,29509,116],{"class":75},[61,29511,29512,29514],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,29513,27190],{"class":3634},[61,29515,6152],{"class":75},[61,29517,29518,29520,29522,29524,29527,29529],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,29519,7827],{"class":129},[61,29521,109],{"class":75},[61,29523,816],{"class":190},[61,29525,29526],{"class":194},"Dictionary is empty",[61,29528,816],{"class":190},[61,29530,116],{"class":75},[408,29532,29534,29535],{"id":29533},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[18,29536,29537],{},"try-except",[52,29539,29541],{"className":54,"code":29540,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[18,29542,29543,29551,29555,29562,29576,29586,29596],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29544,29545,29547,29549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29546,1459],{"class":67},[61,29548,72],{"class":71},[61,29550,9590],{"class":75},[61,29552,29553],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29554,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,29556,29557,29560],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,29558,29559],{"class":3634},"try",[61,29561,6152],{"class":75},[61,29563,29564,29566,29568,29570,29572,29574],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,29565,29489],{"class":67},[61,29567,72],{"class":71},[61,29569,14321],{"class":67},[61,29571,244],{"class":75},[61,29573,28304],{"class":112},[61,29575,263],{"class":75},[61,29577,29578,29580,29582,29584],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,29579,7827],{"class":129},[61,29581,109],{"class":75},[61,29583,23068],{"class":112},[61,29585,116],{"class":75},[61,29587,29588,29591,29594],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,29589,29590],{"class":3634},"except",[61,29592,29593],{"class":105}," KeyError",[61,29595,6152],{"class":75},[61,29597,29598,29600,29602,29604,29607,29609],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,29599,7827],{"class":129},[61,29601,109],{"class":75},[61,29603,816],{"class":190},[61,29605,29606],{"class":194},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[61,29608,816],{"class":190},[61,29610,116],{"class":75},[14,29612,29613,29614,244],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[235,29615,25436,29617],{"href":29616},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[18,29618,29619],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[47,29621,4723,29623],{"id":29622},"when-to-use-popitem",[18,29624,12525],{},[14,29626,29627,29629],{},[18,29628,12525],{}," is useful when:",[26,29631,29632,29635,29638],{},[29,29633,29634],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[29,29636,29637],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[29,29639,29640],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,29642,29643],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[52,29645,29647],{"className":54,"code":29646,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,29648,29649,29658,29678,29698,29716,29720,29724,29734,29753],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29650,29651,29654,29656],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29652,29653],{"class":67},"tasks ",[61,29655,72],{"class":71},[61,29657,11246],{"class":75},[61,29659,29660,29662,29665,29667,29669,29671,29674,29676],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29661,11251],{"class":190},[61,29663,29664],{"class":194},"first",[61,29666,816],{"class":190},[61,29668,824],{"class":75},[61,29670,522],{"class":190},[61,29672,29673],{"class":194},"wash dishes",[61,29675,816],{"class":190},[61,29677,11267],{"class":75},[61,29679,29680,29682,29685,29687,29689,29691,29694,29696],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,29681,11251],{"class":190},[61,29683,29684],{"class":194},"second",[61,29686,816],{"class":190},[61,29688,824],{"class":75},[61,29690,522],{"class":190},[61,29692,29693],{"class":194},"do homework",[61,29695,816],{"class":190},[61,29697,11267],{"class":75},[61,29699,29700,29702,29705,29707,29709,29711,29714],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,29701,11251],{"class":190},[61,29703,29704],{"class":194},"third",[61,29706,816],{"class":190},[61,29708,824],{"class":75},[61,29710,522],{"class":190},[61,29712,29713],{"class":194},"read book",[61,29715,528],{"class":190},[61,29717,29718],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,29719,730],{"class":75},[61,29721,29722],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,29723,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,29725,29726,29729,29732],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,29727,29728],{"class":3634},"while",[61,29730,29731],{"class":67}," tasks",[61,29733,6152],{"class":75},[61,29735,29736,29739,29741,29743,29745,29747,29749,29751],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,29737,29738],{"class":67},"    key",[61,29740,83],{"class":75},[61,29742,21341],{"class":67},[61,29744,72],{"class":71},[61,29746,29731],{"class":67},[61,29748,244],{"class":75},[61,29750,28304],{"class":112},[61,29752,263],{"class":75},[61,29754,29755,29757,29759,29761,29763,29765,29767,29769,29771,29773,29775,29777,29779],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,29756,7827],{"class":129},[61,29758,109],{"class":75},[61,29760,22051],{"class":186},[61,29762,816],{"class":194},[61,29764,9033],{"class":79},[61,29766,14596],{"class":112},[61,29768,22060],{"class":79},[61,29770,22063],{"class":194},[61,29772,9033],{"class":79},[61,29774,1605],{"class":112},[61,29776,22060],{"class":79},[61,29778,816],{"class":194},[61,29780,116],{"class":75},[14,29782,29783],{},[603,29784,879],{},[52,29786,29788],{"className":54,"code":29787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[18,29789,29790,29799,29808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29791,29792,29794,29796],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29793,29704],{"class":67},[61,29795,824],{"class":75},[61,29797,29798],{"class":67}," read book\n",[61,29800,29801,29803,29805],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29802,29684],{"class":67},[61,29804,824],{"class":75},[61,29806,29807],{"class":67}," do homework\n",[61,29809,29810,29812,29814],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,29811,29664],{"class":67},[61,29813,824],{"class":75},[61,29815,29816],{"class":67}," wash dishes\n",[14,29818,28818,29819,29821],{},[18,29820,12525],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[47,29823,2590],{"id":2589},[14,29825,14488,29826,824],{},[18,29827,12525],{},[26,29829,29830,29844,29863,29874],{},[29,29831,29832,29837],{},[603,29833,312,29834,29836],{},[18,29835,12525],{}," on an empty dictionary",[26,29838,29839],{},[29,29840,29841,29842,244],{},"This raises ",[18,29843,19443],{},[29,29845,29846,29851],{},[603,29847,8211,29848,29850],{},[18,29849,12525],{}," to remove a specific key",[26,29852,29853,29856],{},[29,29854,29855],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[29,29857,204,29858,29862],{},[235,29859,29860],{"href":12321},[18,29861,12518],{}," if you need that.",[29,29864,29865,29869],{},[603,29866,4466,29867,27456],{},[18,29868,12525],{},[26,29870,29871],{},[29,29872,29873],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[29,29875,29876,29879],{},[603,29877,29878],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[26,29880,29881],{},[29,29882,29883,21732,29885,29887],{},[18,29884,12525],{},[18,29886,21412],{}," tuple.",[14,29889,29890],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[52,29892,29894],{"className":54,"code":29893,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[18,29895,29896,29906,29920,29924,29938],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29897,29898,29900,29902,29904],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29899,130],{"class":129},[61,29901,109],{"class":75},[61,29903,11203],{"class":112},[61,29905,116],{"class":75},[61,29907,29908,29910,29912,29914,29916,29918],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29909,130],{"class":129},[61,29911,109],{"class":75},[61,29913,10914],{"class":129},[61,29915,109],{"class":75},[61,29917,11203],{"class":112},[61,29919,154],{"class":75},[61,29921,29922],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,29923,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,29925,29926,29928,29930,29932,29934,29936],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,29927,28295],{"class":67},[61,29929,72],{"class":71},[61,29931,11520],{"class":67},[61,29933,244],{"class":75},[61,29935,28304],{"class":112},[61,29937,263],{"class":75},[61,29939,29940,29942,29944,29946],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,29941,130],{"class":129},[61,29943,109],{"class":75},[61,29945,23068],{"class":112},[61,29947,116],{"class":75},[14,29949,29950],{},"Or with unpacking:",[52,29952,29954],{"className":54,"code":29953,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[18,29955,29956,29974,29984],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29957,29958,29960,29962,29964,29966,29968,29970,29972],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29959,14596],{"class":67},[61,29961,83],{"class":75},[61,29963,21341],{"class":67},[61,29965,72],{"class":71},[61,29967,11520],{"class":67},[61,29969,244],{"class":75},[61,29971,28304],{"class":112},[61,29973,263],{"class":75},[61,29975,29976,29978,29980,29982],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,29977,130],{"class":129},[61,29979,109],{"class":75},[61,29981,14596],{"class":112},[61,29983,116],{"class":75},[61,29985,29986,29988,29990,29992],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,29987,130],{"class":129},[61,29989,109],{"class":75},[61,29991,1605],{"class":112},[61,29993,116],{"class":75},[47,29995,1620],{"id":1619},[408,29997,4905,29999,4908],{"id":29998},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[18,30000,12525],{},[14,30002,30003,30004,244],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[18,30005,30006],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[408,30008,12459,30010,30012],{"id":30009},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[18,30011,12525],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30014,30015],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[408,30017,30019,30020,30022],{"id":30018},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[18,30021,12525],{}," removes?",[14,30024,30025,30026,30030],{},"No. Use ",[235,30027,30028],{"href":12321},[18,30029,12518],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[408,30032,12459,30034,14651],{"id":30033},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,30035,12525],{},[14,30037,30038],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[408,30040,30042,30043,30045],{"id":30041},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[18,30044,12525],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30047,30048,30049,30051,30052,244],{},"It raises ",[18,30050,19443],{}," with the message ",[18,30053,29452],{},[47,30055,1664],{"id":1663},[26,30057,30058,30065,30071,30077,30083,30090,30094,30098],{},[29,30059,30060],{},[235,30061,30062,30064],{"href":12321},[18,30063,12518],{}," method for dictionaries",[29,30066,30067],{},[235,30068,30069,30064],{"href":16832},[18,30070,16835],{},[29,30072,30073],{},[235,30074,30075,30064],{"href":16819},[18,30076,16822],{},[29,30078,30079],{},[235,30080,30081,30064],{"href":16825},[18,30082,16828],{},[29,30084,30085],{},[235,30086,30088,30064],{"href":30087},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[18,30089,11074],{},[29,30091,30092],{},[235,30093,12542],{"href":12328},[29,30095,30096],{},[235,30097,21214],{"href":16353},[29,30099,30100],{},[235,30101,30102,30103],{"href":29616},"Fix ",[18,30104,29619],{},[1693,30106,30107],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":30109},[30110,30111,30113,30114,30115,30116,30117,30118,30123,30128,30130,30131,30143],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":28391,"depth":97,"text":30112},"What popitem() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":28461,"depth":97,"text":28462},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":28814,"depth":97,"text":28815},{"id":29006,"depth":97,"text":29007},{"id":29134,"depth":97,"text":30119,"children":30120},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30121,30122],{"id":28304,"depth":119,"text":12525},{"id":25998,"depth":119,"text":12518},{"id":29403,"depth":97,"text":29404,"children":30124},[30125,30126],{"id":29458,"depth":119,"text":29459},{"id":29533,"depth":119,"text":30127},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29622,"depth":97,"text":30129},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":30132},[30133,30135,30137,30139,30141],{"id":29998,"depth":119,"text":30134},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30009,"depth":119,"text":30136},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30018,"depth":119,"text":30138},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30033,"depth":119,"text":30140},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30041,"depth":119,"text":30142},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28130,"description":30144},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30151,"title":30152,"body":30153,"description":32056,"extension":1727,"meta":32057,"navigation":122,"path":13788,"seo":32058,"stem":32059,"__hash__":32060},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30154,"toc":32028},[30155,30160,30165,30168,30170,30267,30272,30277,30282,30285,30293,30296,30311,30313,30413,30415,30472,30476,30478,30481,30501,30506,30517,30520,30547,30550,30552,30609,30611,30632,30638,30643,30646,30657,30659,30767,30769,30822,30824,30836,30843,30849,30854,30857,30945,30947,30992,30995,31003,31006,31009,31078,31081,31084,31088,31091,31162,31164,31217,31220,31223,31226,31241,31244,31256,31259,31322,31324,31330,31332,31334,31413,31415,31456,31458,31523,31525,31562,31567,31572,31576,31590,31593,31716,31718,31803,31808,31810,31814,31836,31839,31919,31922,31941,31946,31948,31954,31959,31965,31968,31974,31977,31983,31988,31994,32000,32002,32025],[10,30156,11071,30158,11075],{"id":30157},"python-dictionary-update-method",[18,30159,14709],{},[14,30161,1744,30162,30164],{},[18,30163,14709],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30166,30167],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[47,30169,50],{"id":49},[52,30171,30173],{"className":54,"code":30172,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,30174,30175,30211,30252,30262],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30176,30177,30179,30181,30183,30185,30187,30189,30191,30193,30195,30197,30199,30201,30203,30205,30207,30209],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30178,809],{"class":67},[61,30180,72],{"class":71},[61,30182,717],{"class":75},[61,30184,816],{"class":190},[61,30186,819],{"class":194},[61,30188,816],{"class":190},[61,30190,824],{"class":75},[61,30192,522],{"class":190},[61,30194,829],{"class":194},[61,30196,816],{"class":190},[61,30198,83],{"class":75},[61,30200,522],{"class":190},[61,30202,838],{"class":194},[61,30204,816],{"class":190},[61,30206,824],{"class":75},[61,30208,435],{"class":79},[61,30210,730],{"class":75},[61,30212,30213,30215,30217,30220,30222,30224,30226,30228,30230,30233,30235,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245,30247,30249],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,30214,860],{"class":67},[61,30216,244],{"class":75},[61,30218,30219],{"class":112},"update",[61,30221,5288],{"class":75},[61,30223,816],{"class":190},[61,30225,838],{"class":194},[61,30227,816],{"class":190},[61,30229,824],{"class":75},[61,30231,30232],{"class":79}," 21",[61,30234,83],{"class":75},[61,30236,522],{"class":190},[61,30238,10161],{"class":194},[61,30240,816],{"class":190},[61,30242,824],{"class":75},[61,30244,522],{"class":190},[61,30246,15787],{"class":194},[61,30248,816],{"class":190},[61,30250,30251],{"class":75},"})\n",[61,30253,30254,30256,30258,30260],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,30255,130],{"class":129},[61,30257,109],{"class":75},[61,30259,860],{"class":112},[61,30261,116],{"class":75},[61,30263,30264],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,30265,30266],{"class":3420},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30268,204,30269,30271],{},[18,30270,14709],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[47,30273,3435,30275,3438],{"id":30274},"what-update-does",[18,30276,14709],{},[14,30278,30279,30281],{},[18,30280,14709],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30283,30284],{},"It can do two main things:",[26,30286,30287,30290],{},[29,30288,30289],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[29,30291,30292],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30294,30295],{},"Important things to know:",[26,30297,30298,30301,30304,30308],{},[29,30299,30300],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[29,30302,30303],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[29,30305,4911,30306],{},[18,30307,3536],{},[29,30309,30310],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30312,1109],{},[52,30314,30316],{"className":54,"code":30315,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[18,30317,30318,30360,30403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30319,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334,30336,30339,30341,30343,30345,30347,30349,30351,30353,30356,30358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30321,12619],{"class":67},[61,30323,72],{"class":71},[61,30325,717],{"class":75},[61,30327,816],{"class":190},[61,30329,819],{"class":194},[61,30331,816],{"class":190},[61,30333,824],{"class":75},[61,30335,522],{"class":190},[61,30337,30338],{"class":194},"Mira",[61,30340,816],{"class":190},[61,30342,83],{"class":75},[61,30344,522],{"class":190},[61,30346,19647],{"class":194},[61,30348,816],{"class":190},[61,30350,824],{"class":75},[61,30352,522],{"class":190},[61,30354,30355],{"class":194},"B",[61,30357,816],{"class":190},[61,30359,730],{"class":75},[61,30361,30362,30364,30366,30368,30370,30372,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388,30390,30392,30394,30396,30399,30401],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,30363,13381],{"class":67},[61,30365,244],{"class":75},[61,30367,30219],{"class":112},[61,30369,5288],{"class":75},[61,30371,816],{"class":190},[61,30373,19647],{"class":194},[61,30375,816],{"class":190},[61,30377,824],{"class":75},[61,30379,522],{"class":190},[61,30381,22002],{"class":194},[61,30383,816],{"class":190},[61,30385,83],{"class":75},[61,30387,522],{"class":190},[61,30389,10161],{"class":194},[61,30391,816],{"class":190},[61,30393,824],{"class":75},[61,30395,522],{"class":190},[61,30397,30398],{"class":194},"Quito",[61,30400,816],{"class":190},[61,30402,30251],{"class":75},[61,30404,30405,30407,30409,30411],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,30406,130],{"class":129},[61,30408,109],{"class":75},[61,30410,13381],{"class":112},[61,30412,116],{"class":75},[14,30414,157],{},[52,30416,30418],{"className":54,"code":30417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[18,30419,30420],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30421,30422,30424,30426,30428,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438,30440,30442,30444,30446,30448,30450,30452,30454,30456,30458,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30423,9033],{"class":75},[61,30425,198],{"class":190},[61,30427,819],{"class":194},[61,30429,198],{"class":190},[61,30431,824],{"class":75},[61,30433,191],{"class":190},[61,30435,30338],{"class":194},[61,30437,198],{"class":190},[61,30439,83],{"class":75},[61,30441,191],{"class":190},[61,30443,19647],{"class":194},[61,30445,198],{"class":190},[61,30447,824],{"class":75},[61,30449,191],{"class":190},[61,30451,22002],{"class":194},[61,30453,198],{"class":190},[61,30455,83],{"class":75},[61,30457,191],{"class":190},[61,30459,10161],{"class":194},[61,30461,198],{"class":190},[61,30463,824],{"class":75},[61,30465,191],{"class":190},[61,30467,30398],{"class":194},[61,30469,198],{"class":190},[61,30471,730],{"class":75},[14,30473,8910,30474,244],{},[235,30475,24385],{"href":9143},[47,30477,248],{"id":247},[14,30479,30480],{},"The basic form is:",[52,30482,30484],{"className":54,"code":30483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[18,30485,30486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30487,30488,30490,30492,30494,30496,30499],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30489,15360],{"class":67},[61,30491,244],{"class":75},[61,30493,30219],{"class":112},[61,30495,109],{"class":75},[61,30497,30498],{"class":112},"other",[61,30500,116],{"class":75},[14,30502,30503,30505],{},[18,30504,30498],{}," can be:",[26,30507,30508,30511,30514],{},[29,30509,30510],{},"Another dictionary",[29,30512,30513],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[29,30515,30516],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30518,30519],{},"You can also use:",[52,30521,30523],{"className":54,"code":30522,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,30524,30525],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30526,30527,30529,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30528,15360],{"class":67},[61,30530,244],{"class":75},[61,30532,30219],{"class":112},[61,30534,109],{"class":75},[61,30536,819],{"class":8933},[61,30538,72],{"class":71},[61,30540,816],{"class":190},[61,30542,7436],{"class":194},[61,30544,816],{"class":190},[61,30546,116],{"class":75},[14,30548,30549],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30551,1109],{},[52,30553,30555],{"className":54,"code":30554,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[18,30556,30557,30577,30599],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30558,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30560,1459],{"class":67},[61,30562,72],{"class":71},[61,30564,717],{"class":75},[61,30566,816],{"class":190},[61,30568,235],{"class":194},[61,30570,816],{"class":190},[61,30572,824],{"class":75},[61,30574,680],{"class":79},[61,30576,730],{"class":75},[61,30578,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587,30589,30591,30593,30595,30597],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,30580,1501],{"class":67},[61,30582,244],{"class":75},[61,30584,30219],{"class":112},[61,30586,5288],{"class":75},[61,30588,816],{"class":190},[61,30590,235],{"class":194},[61,30592,816],{"class":190},[61,30594,824],{"class":75},[61,30596,5763],{"class":79},[61,30598,30251],{"class":75},[61,30600,30601,30603,30605,30607],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,30602,130],{"class":129},[61,30604,109],{"class":75},[61,30606,1501],{"class":112},[61,30608,116],{"class":75},[14,30610,157],{},[52,30612,30614],{"className":54,"code":30613,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 10}\n",[18,30615,30616],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30617,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30619,9033],{"class":75},[61,30621,198],{"class":190},[61,30623,235],{"class":194},[61,30625,198],{"class":190},[61,30627,824],{"class":75},[61,30629,5763],{"class":79},[61,30631,730],{"class":75},[47,30633,8175,30635,30637],{"id":30634},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[18,30636,14709],{}," with another dictionary",[14,30639,30640,30641,244],{},"This is the most common use of ",[18,30642,14709],{},[14,30644,30645],{},"It is useful when:",[26,30647,30648,30651,30654],{},[29,30649,30650],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[29,30652,30653],{},"Adding extra settings",[29,30655,30656],{},"Updating stored data",[14,30658,1109],{},[52,30660,30662],{"className":54,"code":30661,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,30663,30664,30701,30738,30742,30757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30665,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30699],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30667,13581],{"class":67},[61,30669,72],{"class":71},[61,30671,717],{"class":75},[61,30673,816],{"class":190},[61,30675,12249],{"class":194},[61,30677,816],{"class":190},[61,30679,824],{"class":75},[61,30681,522],{"class":190},[61,30683,20684],{"class":194},[61,30685,816],{"class":190},[61,30687,83],{"class":75},[61,30689,522],{"class":190},[61,30691,13606],{"class":194},[61,30693,816],{"class":190},[61,30695,824],{"class":75},[61,30697,30698],{"class":79}," 12",[61,30700,730],{"class":75},[61,30702,30703,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,30704,30705],{"class":67},"new_settings ",[61,30707,72],{"class":71},[61,30709,717],{"class":75},[61,30711,816],{"class":190},[61,30713,13606],{"class":194},[61,30715,816],{"class":190},[61,30717,824],{"class":75},[61,30719,13613],{"class":79},[61,30721,83],{"class":75},[61,30723,522],{"class":190},[61,30725,19879],{"class":194},[61,30727,816],{"class":190},[61,30729,824],{"class":75},[61,30731,522],{"class":190},[61,30733,19913],{"class":194},[61,30735,816],{"class":190},[61,30737,730],{"class":75},[61,30739,30740],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,30741,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,30743,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30755],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,30745,13640],{"class":67},[61,30747,244],{"class":75},[61,30749,30219],{"class":112},[61,30751,109],{"class":75},[61,30753,30754],{"class":112},"new_settings",[61,30756,116],{"class":75},[61,30758,30759,30761,30763,30765],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,30760,130],{"class":129},[61,30762,109],{"class":75},[61,30764,13640],{"class":112},[61,30766,116],{"class":75},[14,30768,157],{},[52,30770,30772],{"className":54,"code":30771,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[18,30773,30774],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30775,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784,30786,30788,30790,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30777,9033],{"class":75},[61,30779,198],{"class":190},[61,30781,12249],{"class":194},[61,30783,198],{"class":190},[61,30785,824],{"class":75},[61,30787,191],{"class":190},[61,30789,20684],{"class":194},[61,30791,198],{"class":190},[61,30793,83],{"class":75},[61,30795,191],{"class":190},[61,30797,13606],{"class":194},[61,30799,198],{"class":190},[61,30801,824],{"class":75},[61,30803,13613],{"class":79},[61,30805,83],{"class":75},[61,30807,191],{"class":190},[61,30809,19879],{"class":194},[61,30811,198],{"class":190},[61,30813,824],{"class":75},[61,30815,191],{"class":190},[61,30817,19913],{"class":194},[61,30819,198],{"class":190},[61,30821,730],{"class":75},[14,30823,13164],{},[26,30825,30826,30831],{},[29,30827,30828,30830],{},[18,30829,13606],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[29,30832,30833,30835],{},[18,30834,19879],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,30837,30838,30839,244],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[235,30840,30842],{"href":30841},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[47,30844,8175,30846,30848],{"id":30845},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[18,30847,14709],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,30850,30851,30853],{},[18,30852,14709],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,30855,30856],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[52,30858,30860],{"className":54,"code":30859,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,30861,30862,30882,30917,30921,30935],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30863,30864,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30865,4826],{"class":67},[61,30867,72],{"class":71},[61,30869,717],{"class":75},[61,30871,816],{"class":190},[61,30873,18173],{"class":194},[61,30875,816],{"class":190},[61,30877,824],{"class":75},[61,30879,19654],{"class":79},[61,30881,730],{"class":75},[61,30883,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900,30902,30904,30906,30909,30911,30913,30915],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,30885,8972],{"class":67},[61,30887,72],{"class":71},[61,30889,8977],{"class":75},[61,30891,816],{"class":190},[61,30893,18182],{"class":194},[61,30895,816],{"class":190},[61,30897,83],{"class":75},[61,30899,13262],{"class":79},[61,30901,1045],{"class":75},[61,30903,1048],{"class":75},[61,30905,816],{"class":190},[61,30907,30908],{"class":194},"english",[61,30910,816],{"class":190},[61,30912,83],{"class":75},[61,30914,28677],{"class":79},[61,30916,9004],{"class":75},[61,30918,30919],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,30920,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,30922,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,30924,16145],{"class":67},[61,30926,244],{"class":75},[61,30928,30219],{"class":112},[61,30930,109],{"class":75},[61,30932,9017],{"class":112},[61,30934,116],{"class":75},[61,30936,30937,30939,30941,30943],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,30938,130],{"class":129},[61,30940,109],{"class":75},[61,30942,16145],{"class":112},[61,30944,116],{"class":75},[14,30946,157],{},[52,30948,30950],{"className":54,"code":30949,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[18,30951,30952],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30953,30954,30956,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30955,9033],{"class":75},[61,30957,198],{"class":190},[61,30959,18173],{"class":194},[61,30961,198],{"class":190},[61,30963,824],{"class":75},[61,30965,19654],{"class":79},[61,30967,83],{"class":75},[61,30969,191],{"class":190},[61,30971,18182],{"class":194},[61,30973,198],{"class":190},[61,30975,824],{"class":75},[61,30977,13262],{"class":79},[61,30979,83],{"class":75},[61,30981,191],{"class":190},[61,30983,30908],{"class":194},[61,30985,198],{"class":190},[61,30987,824],{"class":75},[61,30989,28677],{"class":79},[61,30991,730],{"class":75},[14,30993,30994],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[26,30996,30997,31000],{},[29,30998,30999],{},"The key",[29,31001,31002],{},"The value",[14,31004,31005],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31007,31008],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[52,31010,31012],{"className":54,"code":31011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[18,31013,31014,31034,31059,31063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31015,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31017,1459],{"class":67},[61,31019,72],{"class":71},[61,31021,717],{"class":75},[61,31023,816],{"class":190},[61,31025,235],{"class":194},[61,31027,816],{"class":190},[61,31029,824],{"class":75},[61,31031,680],{"class":79},[61,31033,730],{"class":75},[61,31035,31036,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31037,31038],{"class":67},"bad_pairs ",[61,31040,72],{"class":71},[61,31042,8977],{"class":75},[61,31044,816],{"class":190},[61,31046,1480],{"class":194},[61,31048,816],{"class":190},[61,31050,83],{"class":75},[61,31052,86],{"class":79},[61,31054,83],{"class":75},[61,31056,91],{"class":79},[61,31058,9004],{"class":75},[61,31060,31061],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,31062,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,31064,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31076],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,31066,1501],{"class":67},[61,31068,244],{"class":75},[61,31070,30219],{"class":112},[61,31072,109],{"class":75},[61,31074,31075],{"class":112},"bad_pairs",[61,31077,116],{"class":75},[14,31079,31080],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31082,31083],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[47,31085,31087],{"id":31086},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31089,31090],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[52,31092,31094],{"className":54,"code":31093,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[18,31095,31096,31120,31152],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31097,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106,31108,31110,31112,31114,31116,31118],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31099,11241],{"class":67},[61,31101,72],{"class":71},[61,31103,717],{"class":75},[61,31105,816],{"class":190},[61,31107,819],{"class":194},[61,31109,816],{"class":190},[61,31111,824],{"class":75},[61,31113,522],{"class":190},[61,31115,28670],{"class":194},[61,31117,816],{"class":190},[61,31119,730],{"class":75},[61,31121,31122,31124,31126,31128,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138,31141,31143,31145,31148,31150],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31123,11335],{"class":67},[61,31125,244],{"class":75},[61,31127,30219],{"class":112},[61,31129,109],{"class":75},[61,31131,838],{"class":8933},[61,31133,72],{"class":71},[61,31135,8951],{"class":79},[61,31137,83],{"class":75},[61,31139,31140],{"class":8933}," city",[61,31142,72],{"class":71},[61,31144,816],{"class":190},[61,31146,31147],{"class":194},"Madrid",[61,31149,816],{"class":190},[61,31151,116],{"class":75},[61,31153,31154,31156,31158,31160],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,31155,130],{"class":129},[61,31157,109],{"class":75},[61,31159,11335],{"class":112},[61,31161,116],{"class":75},[14,31163,157],{},[52,31165,31167],{"className":54,"code":31166,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[18,31168,31169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31170,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31172,9033],{"class":75},[61,31174,198],{"class":190},[61,31176,819],{"class":194},[61,31178,198],{"class":190},[61,31180,824],{"class":75},[61,31182,191],{"class":190},[61,31184,28670],{"class":194},[61,31186,198],{"class":190},[61,31188,83],{"class":75},[61,31190,191],{"class":190},[61,31192,838],{"class":194},[61,31194,198],{"class":190},[61,31196,824],{"class":75},[61,31198,845],{"class":79},[61,31200,83],{"class":75},[61,31202,191],{"class":190},[61,31204,10161],{"class":194},[61,31206,198],{"class":190},[61,31208,824],{"class":75},[61,31210,191],{"class":190},[61,31212,31147],{"class":194},[61,31214,198],{"class":190},[61,31216,730],{"class":75},[14,31218,31219],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31221,31222],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31224,31225],{},"These work:",[26,31227,31228,31232,31236],{},[29,31229,31230],{},[18,31231,838],{},[29,31233,31234],{},[18,31235,10161],{},[29,31237,31238],{},[18,31239,31240],{},"first_name",[14,31242,31243],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[26,31245,31246,31251],{},[29,31247,31248],{},[18,31249,31250],{},"\"first name\"",[29,31252,31253],{},[18,31254,31255],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31257,31258],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[52,31260,31262],{"className":54,"code":31261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[18,31263,31264,31272,31312],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31265,31266,31268,31270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31267,11241],{"class":67},[61,31269,72],{"class":71},[61,31271,9590],{"class":75},[61,31273,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31303,31305,31307,31310],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31275,11335],{"class":67},[61,31277,244],{"class":75},[61,31279,30219],{"class":112},[61,31281,5288],{"class":75},[61,31283,816],{"class":190},[61,31285,10264],{"class":194},[61,31287,816],{"class":190},[61,31289,824],{"class":75},[61,31291,522],{"class":190},[61,31293,28670],{"class":194},[61,31295,816],{"class":190},[61,31297,83],{"class":75},[61,31299,522],{"class":190},[61,31301,31302],{"class":194},"user-id",[61,31304,816],{"class":190},[61,31306,824],{"class":75},[61,31308,31309],{"class":79}," 1001",[61,31311,30251],{"class":75},[61,31313,31314,31316,31318,31320],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,31315,130],{"class":129},[61,31317,109],{"class":75},[61,31319,11335],{"class":112},[61,31321,116],{"class":75},[47,31323,17175],{"id":17174},[14,31325,31326,2158,31328,244],{},[18,31327,14709],{},[18,31329,3536],{},[14,31331,13804],{},[14,31333,24465],{},[52,31335,31337],{"className":54,"code":31336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[18,31338,31339,31363,31389,31393,31403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31340,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31342,809],{"class":67},[61,31344,72],{"class":71},[61,31346,717],{"class":75},[61,31348,816],{"class":190},[61,31350,819],{"class":194},[61,31352,816],{"class":190},[61,31354,824],{"class":75},[61,31356,522],{"class":190},[61,31358,829],{"class":194},[61,31360,816],{"class":190},[61,31362,730],{"class":75},[61,31364,31365,31367,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31366,100],{"class":67},[61,31368,72],{"class":71},[61,31370,13002],{"class":67},[61,31372,244],{"class":75},[61,31374,30219],{"class":112},[61,31376,5288],{"class":75},[61,31378,816],{"class":190},[61,31380,838],{"class":194},[61,31382,816],{"class":190},[61,31384,824],{"class":75},[61,31386,435],{"class":79},[61,31388,30251],{"class":75},[61,31390,31391],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,31392,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,31394,31395,31397,31399,31401],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,31396,130],{"class":129},[61,31398,109],{"class":75},[61,31400,135],{"class":112},[61,31402,116],{"class":75},[61,31404,31405,31407,31409,31411],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,31406,130],{"class":129},[61,31408,109],{"class":75},[61,31410,860],{"class":112},[61,31412,116],{"class":75},[14,31414,157],{},[52,31416,31418],{"className":54,"code":31417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31419,31420,31424],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31421,31422],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31423,11562],{"class":3609},[61,31425,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31427,9033],{"class":75},[61,31429,198],{"class":190},[61,31431,819],{"class":194},[61,31433,198],{"class":190},[61,31435,824],{"class":75},[61,31437,191],{"class":190},[61,31439,829],{"class":194},[61,31441,198],{"class":190},[61,31443,83],{"class":75},[61,31445,191],{"class":190},[61,31447,838],{"class":194},[61,31449,198],{"class":190},[61,31451,824],{"class":75},[61,31453,435],{"class":79},[61,31455,730],{"class":75},[14,31457,16412],{},[52,31459,31461],{"className":54,"code":31460,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[18,31462,31463,31487,31509,31513],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31464,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31466,809],{"class":67},[61,31468,72],{"class":71},[61,31470,717],{"class":75},[61,31472,816],{"class":190},[61,31474,819],{"class":194},[61,31476,816],{"class":190},[61,31478,824],{"class":75},[61,31480,522],{"class":190},[61,31482,829],{"class":194},[61,31484,816],{"class":190},[61,31486,730],{"class":75},[61,31488,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31490,860],{"class":67},[61,31492,244],{"class":75},[61,31494,30219],{"class":112},[61,31496,5288],{"class":75},[61,31498,816],{"class":190},[61,31500,838],{"class":194},[61,31502,816],{"class":190},[61,31504,824],{"class":75},[61,31506,435],{"class":79},[61,31508,30251],{"class":75},[61,31510,31511],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,31512,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,31514,31515,31517,31519,31521],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,31516,130],{"class":129},[61,31518,109],{"class":75},[61,31520,860],{"class":112},[61,31522,116],{"class":75},[14,31524,157],{},[52,31526,31528],{"className":54,"code":31527,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31529,31530],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31531,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31533,9033],{"class":75},[61,31535,198],{"class":190},[61,31537,819],{"class":194},[61,31539,198],{"class":190},[61,31541,824],{"class":75},[61,31543,191],{"class":190},[61,31545,829],{"class":194},[61,31547,198],{"class":190},[61,31549,83],{"class":75},[61,31551,191],{"class":190},[61,31553,838],{"class":194},[61,31555,198],{"class":190},[61,31557,824],{"class":75},[61,31559,435],{"class":79},[61,31561,730],{"class":75},[14,31563,31564,31565,244],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[235,31566,17661],{"href":10482},[47,31568,4723,31570],{"id":31569},"when-to-use-update",[18,31571,14709],{},[14,31573,204,31574,1193],{},[18,31575,14709],{},[26,31577,31578,31581,31584,31587],{},[29,31579,31580],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[29,31582,31583],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[29,31585,31586],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[29,31588,31589],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31591,31592],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[52,31594,31596],{"className":54,"code":31595,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,31597,31598,31634,31649,31653,31692,31696,31706],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31599,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608,31610,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31601,11840],{"class":67},[61,31603,72],{"class":71},[61,31605,717],{"class":75},[61,31607,816],{"class":190},[61,31609,819],{"class":194},[61,31611,816],{"class":190},[61,31613,824],{"class":75},[61,31615,522],{"class":190},[61,31617,829],{"class":194},[61,31619,816],{"class":190},[61,31621,83],{"class":75},[61,31623,522],{"class":190},[61,31625,838],{"class":194},[61,31627,816],{"class":190},[61,31629,824],{"class":75},[61,31631,435],{"class":79},[61,31633,730],{"class":75},[61,31635,31636,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31637,31638],{"class":67},"updated ",[61,31640,72],{"class":71},[61,31642,11915],{"class":67},[61,31644,244],{"class":75},[61,31646,12666],{"class":112},[61,31648,263],{"class":75},[61,31650,31651],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,31652,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,31654,31655,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686,31688,31690],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,31656,31657],{"class":67},"updated",[61,31659,244],{"class":75},[61,31661,30219],{"class":112},[61,31663,5288],{"class":75},[61,31665,816],{"class":190},[61,31667,838],{"class":194},[61,31669,816],{"class":190},[61,31671,824],{"class":75},[61,31673,30232],{"class":79},[61,31675,83],{"class":75},[61,31677,522],{"class":190},[61,31679,10161],{"class":194},[61,31681,816],{"class":190},[61,31683,824],{"class":75},[61,31685,522],{"class":190},[61,31687,15787],{"class":194},[61,31689,816],{"class":190},[61,31691,30251],{"class":75},[61,31693,31694],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,31695,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,31697,31698,31700,31702,31704],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,31699,130],{"class":129},[61,31701,109],{"class":75},[61,31703,11887],{"class":112},[61,31705,116],{"class":75},[61,31707,31708,31710,31712,31714],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,31709,130],{"class":129},[61,31711,109],{"class":75},[61,31713,31657],{"class":112},[61,31715,116],{"class":75},[14,31717,157],{},[52,31719,31721],{"className":54,"code":31720,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,31722,31723,31755],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31724,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31726,9033],{"class":75},[61,31728,198],{"class":190},[61,31730,819],{"class":194},[61,31732,198],{"class":190},[61,31734,824],{"class":75},[61,31736,191],{"class":190},[61,31738,829],{"class":194},[61,31740,198],{"class":190},[61,31742,83],{"class":75},[61,31744,191],{"class":190},[61,31746,838],{"class":194},[61,31748,198],{"class":190},[61,31750,824],{"class":75},[61,31752,435],{"class":79},[61,31754,730],{"class":75},[61,31756,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31758,9033],{"class":75},[61,31760,198],{"class":190},[61,31762,819],{"class":194},[61,31764,198],{"class":190},[61,31766,824],{"class":75},[61,31768,191],{"class":190},[61,31770,829],{"class":194},[61,31772,198],{"class":190},[61,31774,83],{"class":75},[61,31776,191],{"class":190},[61,31778,838],{"class":194},[61,31780,198],{"class":190},[61,31782,824],{"class":75},[61,31784,30232],{"class":79},[61,31786,83],{"class":75},[61,31788,191],{"class":190},[61,31790,10161],{"class":194},[61,31792,198],{"class":190},[61,31794,824],{"class":75},[61,31796,191],{"class":190},[61,31798,15787],{"class":194},[61,31800,198],{"class":190},[61,31802,730],{"class":75},[14,31804,31805,31806,244],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[235,31807,16354],{"href":16353},[47,31809,2590],{"id":2589},[14,31811,10499,31812,824],{},[18,31813,14709],{},[26,31815,31816,31823,31827,31830,31833],{},[29,31817,12349,31818,31820,31821],{},[18,31819,14709],{}," to a variable and getting ",[18,31822,3536],{},[29,31824,8211,31825,12357],{},[18,31826,14709],{},[29,31828,31829],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[29,31831,31832],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[29,31834,31835],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,31837,31838],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[52,31840,31842],{"className":54,"code":31841,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[18,31843,31844,31854,31868,31882,31904],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31845,31846,31848,31850,31852],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31847,130],{"class":129},[61,31849,109],{"class":75},[61,31851,11203],{"class":112},[61,31853,116],{"class":75},[61,31855,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,31857,130],{"class":129},[61,31859,109],{"class":75},[61,31861,147],{"class":105},[61,31863,109],{"class":75},[61,31865,1501],{"class":112},[61,31867,154],{"class":75},[61,31869,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,31871,130],{"class":129},[61,31873,109],{"class":75},[61,31875,7852],{"class":105},[61,31877,109],{"class":75},[61,31879,1501],{"class":112},[61,31881,154],{"class":75},[61,31883,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,31885,130],{"class":129},[61,31887,109],{"class":75},[61,31889,11203],{"class":112},[61,31891,244],{"class":75},[61,31893,19506],{"class":112},[61,31895,109],{"class":75},[61,31897,198],{"class":190},[61,31899,14596],{"class":194},[61,31901,198],{"class":190},[61,31903,154],{"class":75},[61,31905,31906,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,31907,31908],{"class":129},"help",[61,31910,109],{"class":75},[61,31912,8580],{"class":105},[61,31914,244],{"class":75},[61,31916,30219],{"class":24507},[61,31918,116],{"class":75},[14,31920,31921],{},"These can help you check:",[26,31923,31924,31927,31932,31935,31938],{},[29,31925,31926],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[29,31928,31929,31930],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[18,31931,14709],{},[29,31933,31934],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[29,31936,31937],{},"Whether a key exists",[29,31939,31940],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,31942,31943,31944,244],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[235,31945,11015],{"href":10826},[47,31947,1620],{"id":1619},[408,31949,12459,31951,31953],{"id":31950},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[18,31952,14709],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,31955,31956,31957,244],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[18,31958,3536],{},[408,31960,12459,31962,31964],{"id":31961},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[18,31963,14709],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,31966,31967],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[408,31969,4933,31971,31973],{"id":31970},"can-update-add-new-keys",[18,31972,14709],{}," add new keys?",[14,31975,31976],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[408,31978,28085,31980,31982],{"id":31979},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[18,31981,14709],{}," with a list?",[14,31984,31985,31986,244],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[18,31987,10847],{},[408,31989,4943,31991,31993],{"id":31990},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[18,31992,14709],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,31995,31996,31997,31999],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[18,31998,14709],{}," can change many keys at once.",[47,32001,1664],{"id":1663},[26,32003,32004,32008,32012,32017,32021],{},[29,32005,32006],{},[235,32007,25852],{"href":9143},[29,32009,32010],{},[235,32011,11004],{"href":10482},[29,32013,32014],{},[235,32015,32016],{"href":30841},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[29,32018,32019],{},[235,32020,21214],{"href":16353},[29,32022,32023],{},[235,32024,11015],{"href":10826},[1693,32026,32027],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":32029},[32030,32031,32033,32034,32036,32038,32039,32040,32042,32043,32055],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":30274,"depth":97,"text":32032},"What update() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":30634,"depth":97,"text":32035},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30845,"depth":97,"text":32037},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31086,"depth":97,"text":31087},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":31569,"depth":97,"text":32041},"When to use update()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":32044},[32045,32047,32049,32051,32053],{"id":31950,"depth":119,"text":32046},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31961,"depth":119,"text":32048},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31970,"depth":119,"text":32050},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31979,"depth":119,"text":32052},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31990,"depth":119,"text":32054},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30152,"description":32056},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32062,"title":32063,"body":32064,"description":34052,"extension":1727,"meta":34053,"navigation":122,"path":22652,"seo":34054,"stem":34055,"__hash__":34056},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32065,"toc":34015},[32066,32071,32078,32081,32083,32182,32184,32239,32244,32249,32263,32268,32270,32285,32287,32301,32313,32318,32324,32331,32333,32440,32442,32491,32497,32572,32574,32595,32597,32600,32705,32707,32762,32764,32792,32796,32801,32880,32882,32902,32904,32915,32925,32929,32934,33038,33040,33065,33068,33079,33084,33093,33096,33113,33115,33202,33204,33267,33269,33292,33294,33299,33305,33310,33312,33351,33357,33360,33379,33390,33396,33399,33472,33474,33493,33498,33501,33524,33530,33533,33597,33600,33677,33684,33687,33746,33752,33754,33773,33777,33780,33831,33834,33854,33856,33917,33919,33924,33929,33934,33939,33944,33949,33955,33958,33967,33975,33977,34012],[10,32067,11071,32069,11075],{"id":32068},"python-dictionary-values-method",[18,32070,16828],{},[14,32072,32073,32074,32077],{},"The Python ",[18,32075,32076],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32079,32080],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[47,32082,50],{"id":49},[52,32084,32086],{"className":54,"code":32085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[18,32087,32088,32140,32154,32158,32168],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32089,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32091,12619],{"class":67},[61,32093,72],{"class":71},[61,32095,717],{"class":75},[61,32097,816],{"class":190},[61,32099,819],{"class":194},[61,32101,816],{"class":190},[61,32103,824],{"class":75},[61,32105,522],{"class":190},[61,32107,829],{"class":194},[61,32109,816],{"class":190},[61,32111,83],{"class":75},[61,32113,522],{"class":190},[61,32115,838],{"class":194},[61,32117,816],{"class":190},[61,32119,824],{"class":75},[61,32121,435],{"class":79},[61,32123,83],{"class":75},[61,32125,522],{"class":190},[61,32127,10161],{"class":194},[61,32129,816],{"class":190},[61,32131,824],{"class":75},[61,32133,522],{"class":190},[61,32135,15787],{"class":194},[61,32137,816],{"class":190},[61,32139,730],{"class":75},[61,32141,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32143,712],{"class":67},[61,32145,72],{"class":71},[61,32147,12661],{"class":67},[61,32149,244],{"class":75},[61,32151,743],{"class":112},[61,32153,263],{"class":75},[61,32155,32156],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,32157,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,32159,32160,32162,32164,32166],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,32161,130],{"class":129},[61,32163,109],{"class":75},[61,32165,743],{"class":112},[61,32167,116],{"class":75},[61,32169,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,32171,130],{"class":129},[61,32173,109],{"class":75},[61,32175,7852],{"class":105},[61,32177,109],{"class":75},[61,32179,743],{"class":112},[61,32181,154],{"class":75},[14,32183,157],{},[52,32185,32187],{"className":54,"code":32186,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[18,32188,32189,32215],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32190,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32192,16794],{"class":112},[61,32194,1126],{"class":75},[61,32196,198],{"class":190},[61,32198,829],{"class":194},[61,32200,198],{"class":190},[61,32202,83],{"class":75},[61,32204,435],{"class":79},[61,32206,83],{"class":75},[61,32208,191],{"class":190},[61,32210,15787],{"class":194},[61,32212,198],{"class":190},[61,32214,1137],{"class":75},[61,32216,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231,32233,32235,32237],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32218,3658],{"class":75},[61,32220,198],{"class":190},[61,32222,829],{"class":194},[61,32224,198],{"class":190},[61,32226,83],{"class":75},[61,32228,435],{"class":79},[61,32230,83],{"class":75},[61,32232,191],{"class":190},[61,32234,15787],{"class":194},[61,32236,198],{"class":190},[61,32238,94],{"class":75},[14,32240,32241,32243],{},[18,32242,16828],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[47,32245,3435,32247,3438],{"id":32246},"what-values-does",[18,32248,16828],{},[26,32250,32251,32254,32257,32260],{},[29,32252,32253],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[29,32255,32256],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[29,32258,32259],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[29,32261,32262],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32264,32265,32266,244],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[235,32267,9144],{"href":9143},[47,32269,248],{"id":247},[52,32271,32273],{"className":54,"code":32272,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.values()\n",[18,32274,32275],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32276,32277,32279,32281,32283],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32278,11203],{"class":67},[61,32280,244],{"class":75},[61,32282,743],{"class":112},[61,32284,263],{"class":75},[14,32286,12807],{},[26,32288,32289,32293,32296],{},[29,32290,32291,11218],{},[18,32292,16828],{},[29,32294,32295],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[29,32297,32298,32299],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[18,32300,16828],{},[14,32302,32303,32304,4154,32309,244],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[235,32305,32306,32308],{"href":16819},[18,32307,16822],{}," for dictionary keys",[235,32310,32311,1076],{"href":16832},[18,32312,16835],{},[47,32314,3435,32316,11459],{"id":32315},"what-values-returns",[18,32317,16828],{},[14,32319,32320,21732,32322,24521],{},[18,32321,16828],{},[18,32323,16794],{},[14,32325,32326,32327,32330],{},"This object is a ",[603,32328,32329],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32332,1109],{},[52,32334,32336],{"className":54,"code":32335,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[18,32337,32338,32374,32378,32393,32404,32408,32430],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32339,32340,32342,32344,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32341,809],{"class":67},[61,32343,72],{"class":71},[61,32345,717],{"class":75},[61,32347,816],{"class":190},[61,32349,819],{"class":194},[61,32351,816],{"class":190},[61,32353,824],{"class":75},[61,32355,522],{"class":190},[61,32357,7679],{"class":194},[61,32359,816],{"class":190},[61,32361,83],{"class":75},[61,32363,522],{"class":190},[61,32365,838],{"class":194},[61,32367,816],{"class":190},[61,32369,824],{"class":75},[61,32371,845],{"class":79},[61,32373,730],{"class":75},[61,32375,32376],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32377,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,32379,32380,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,32381,32382],{"class":67},"values_view ",[61,32384,72],{"class":71},[61,32386,13002],{"class":67},[61,32388,244],{"class":75},[61,32390,743],{"class":112},[61,32392,263],{"class":75},[61,32394,32395,32397,32399,32402],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,32396,130],{"class":129},[61,32398,109],{"class":75},[61,32400,32401],{"class":112},"values_view",[61,32403,116],{"class":75},[61,32405,32406],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,32407,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,32409,32410,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,32411,860],{"class":67},[61,32413,3658],{"class":75},[61,32415,816],{"class":190},[61,32417,10161],{"class":194},[61,32419,816],{"class":190},[61,32421,13028],{"class":75},[61,32423,13031],{"class":71},[61,32425,522],{"class":190},[61,32427,30398],{"class":194},[61,32429,528],{"class":190},[61,32431,32432,32434,32436,32438],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,32433,130],{"class":129},[61,32435,109],{"class":75},[61,32437,32401],{"class":112},[61,32439,116],{"class":75},[14,32441,157],{},[52,32443,32445],{"className":54,"code":32444,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[18,32446,32447,32465],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32448,32449,32451,32453,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32450,16794],{"class":112},[61,32452,1126],{"class":75},[61,32454,198],{"class":190},[61,32456,7679],{"class":194},[61,32458,198],{"class":190},[61,32460,83],{"class":75},[61,32462,845],{"class":79},[61,32464,1137],{"class":75},[61,32466,32467,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32468,16794],{"class":112},[61,32470,1126],{"class":75},[61,32472,198],{"class":190},[61,32474,7679],{"class":194},[61,32476,198],{"class":190},[61,32478,83],{"class":75},[61,32480,845],{"class":79},[61,32482,83],{"class":75},[61,32484,191],{"class":190},[61,32486,30398],{"class":194},[61,32488,198],{"class":190},[61,32490,1137],{"class":75},[14,32492,32493,32494,244],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[18,32495,32496],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[52,32498,32500],{"className":54,"code":32499,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[18,32501,32502,32538,32557,32561],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32503,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32505,809],{"class":67},[61,32507,72],{"class":71},[61,32509,717],{"class":75},[61,32511,816],{"class":190},[61,32513,819],{"class":194},[61,32515,816],{"class":190},[61,32517,824],{"class":75},[61,32519,522],{"class":190},[61,32521,7679],{"class":194},[61,32523,816],{"class":190},[61,32525,83],{"class":75},[61,32527,522],{"class":190},[61,32529,838],{"class":194},[61,32531,816],{"class":190},[61,32533,824],{"class":75},[61,32535,845],{"class":79},[61,32537,730],{"class":75},[61,32539,32540,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551,32553,32555],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32541,32542],{"class":67},"values_list ",[61,32544,72],{"class":71},[61,32546,22317],{"class":105},[61,32548,109],{"class":75},[61,32550,860],{"class":112},[61,32552,244],{"class":75},[61,32554,743],{"class":112},[61,32556,6955],{"class":75},[61,32558,32559],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,32560,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,32562,32563,32565,32567,32570],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,32564,130],{"class":129},[61,32566,109],{"class":75},[61,32568,32569],{"class":112},"values_list",[61,32571,116],{"class":75},[14,32573,157],{},[52,32575,32577],{"className":54,"code":32576,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Mia', 25]\n",[18,32578,32579],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32580,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32582,3658],{"class":75},[61,32584,198],{"class":190},[61,32586,7679],{"class":194},[61,32588,198],{"class":190},[61,32590,83],{"class":75},[61,32592,845],{"class":79},[61,32594,94],{"class":75},[47,32596,11228],{"id":11227},[14,32598,32599],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[52,32601,32603],{"className":54,"code":32602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,32604,32605,32659,32663,32677,32681,32691],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32606,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32640,32642,32644,32647,32649,32651,32653,32655,32657],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32608,24553],{"class":67},[61,32610,72],{"class":71},[61,32612,717],{"class":75},[61,32614,816],{"class":190},[61,32616,24562],{"class":194},[61,32618,816],{"class":190},[61,32620,824],{"class":75},[61,32622,522],{"class":190},[61,32624,24571],{"class":194},[61,32626,816],{"class":190},[61,32628,83],{"class":75},[61,32630,522],{"class":190},[61,32632,24580],{"class":194},[61,32634,816],{"class":190},[61,32636,824],{"class":75},[61,32638,32639],{"class":79}," 2022",[61,32641,83],{"class":75},[61,32643,522],{"class":190},[61,32645,32646],{"class":194},"color",[61,32648,816],{"class":190},[61,32650,824],{"class":75},[61,32652,522],{"class":190},[61,32654,12865],{"class":194},[61,32656,816],{"class":190},[61,32658,730],{"class":75},[61,32660,32661],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32662,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,32664,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,32666,100],{"class":67},[61,32668,72],{"class":71},[61,32670,24602],{"class":67},[61,32672,244],{"class":75},[61,32674,743],{"class":112},[61,32676,263],{"class":75},[61,32678,32679],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,32680,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,32682,32683,32685,32687,32689],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,32684,130],{"class":129},[61,32686,109],{"class":75},[61,32688,135],{"class":112},[61,32690,116],{"class":75},[61,32692,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,32694,130],{"class":129},[61,32696,109],{"class":75},[61,32698,7852],{"class":105},[61,32700,109],{"class":75},[61,32702,135],{"class":112},[61,32704,154],{"class":75},[14,32706,157],{},[52,32708,32710],{"className":54,"code":32709,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[18,32711,32712,32738],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32713,32714,32716,32718,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732,32734,32736],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32715,16794],{"class":112},[61,32717,1126],{"class":75},[61,32719,198],{"class":190},[61,32721,24571],{"class":194},[61,32723,198],{"class":190},[61,32725,83],{"class":75},[61,32727,32639],{"class":79},[61,32729,83],{"class":75},[61,32731,191],{"class":190},[61,32733,12865],{"class":194},[61,32735,198],{"class":190},[61,32737,1137],{"class":75},[61,32739,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758,32760],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32741,3658],{"class":75},[61,32743,198],{"class":190},[61,32745,24571],{"class":194},[61,32747,198],{"class":190},[61,32749,83],{"class":75},[61,32751,32639],{"class":79},[61,32753,83],{"class":75},[61,32755,191],{"class":190},[61,32757,12865],{"class":194},[61,32759,198],{"class":190},[61,32761,94],{"class":75},[14,32763,11437],{},[26,32765,32766,32772,32778,32786],{},[29,32767,32768,32771],{},[18,32769,32770],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[29,32773,32774,32777],{},[18,32775,32776],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[29,32779,32780,32783,32784,1284],{},[18,32781,32782],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[18,32785,16794],{},[29,32787,32788,32791],{},[18,32789,32790],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[47,32793,32795],{"id":32794},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,32797,32798,32799,25821],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[18,32800,5717],{},[52,32802,32804],{"className":54,"code":32803,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[18,32805,32806,32850,32854,32870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32807,32808,32810,32812,32814,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32809,4826],{"class":67},[61,32811,72],{"class":71},[61,32813,717],{"class":75},[61,32815,816],{"class":190},[61,32817,18173],{"class":194},[61,32819,816],{"class":190},[61,32821,824],{"class":75},[61,32823,19654],{"class":79},[61,32825,83],{"class":75},[61,32827,522],{"class":190},[61,32829,30908],{"class":194},[61,32831,816],{"class":190},[61,32833,824],{"class":75},[61,32835,13262],{"class":79},[61,32837,83],{"class":75},[61,32839,522],{"class":190},[61,32841,18182],{"class":194},[61,32843,816],{"class":190},[61,32845,824],{"class":75},[61,32847,28677],{"class":79},[61,32849,730],{"class":75},[61,32851,32852],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32853,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,32855,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,32857,5717],{"class":3634},[61,32859,21341],{"class":67},[61,32861,3641],{"class":3634},[61,32863,4873],{"class":67},[61,32865,244],{"class":75},[61,32867,743],{"class":112},[61,32869,21352],{"class":75},[61,32871,32872,32874,32876,32878],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,32873,7827],{"class":129},[61,32875,109],{"class":75},[61,32877,1605],{"class":112},[61,32879,116],{"class":75},[14,32881,157],{},[52,32883,32885],{"className":54,"code":32884,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"90\n85\n88\n",[18,32886,32887,32892,32897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32888,32889],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32890,32891],{"class":79},"90\n",[61,32893,32894],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32895,32896],{"class":79},"85\n",[61,32898,32899],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,32900,32901],{"class":79},"88\n",[14,32903,17467],{},[26,32905,32906,32909,32912],{},[29,32907,32908],{},"You only need the values",[29,32910,32911],{},"You do not care about the keys",[29,32913,32914],{},"You want simpler code",[14,32916,32917,32918,2638,32922,244],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[235,32919,10488,32920,10492],{"href":16832},[18,32921,16835],{},[235,32923,22232],{"href":32924},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[47,32926,32928],{"id":32927},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,32930,204,32931,32933],{},[18,32932,32496],{}," when you need a list.",[52,32935,32937],{"className":54,"code":32936,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[18,32938,32939,32985,32989,33009,33013,33024],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32940,32941,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32977,32979,32981,32983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32942,32943],{"class":67},"fruit_prices ",[61,32945,72],{"class":71},[61,32947,717],{"class":75},[61,32949,816],{"class":190},[61,32951,3838],{"class":194},[61,32953,816],{"class":190},[61,32955,824],{"class":75},[61,32957,86],{"class":79},[61,32959,83],{"class":75},[61,32961,522],{"class":190},[61,32963,3847],{"class":194},[61,32965,816],{"class":190},[61,32967,824],{"class":75},[61,32969,680],{"class":79},[61,32971,83],{"class":75},[61,32973,522],{"class":190},[61,32975,32976],{"class":194},"orange",[61,32978,816],{"class":190},[61,32980,824],{"class":75},[61,32982,91],{"class":79},[61,32984,730],{"class":75},[61,32986,32987],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,32988,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,32990,32991,32994,32996,32998,33000,33003,33005,33007],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,32992,32993],{"class":67},"price_list ",[61,32995,72],{"class":71},[61,32997,22317],{"class":105},[61,32999,109],{"class":75},[61,33001,33002],{"class":112},"fruit_prices",[61,33004,244],{"class":75},[61,33006,743],{"class":112},[61,33008,6955],{"class":75},[61,33010,33011],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,33012,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,33014,33015,33017,33019,33022],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,33016,130],{"class":129},[61,33018,109],{"class":75},[61,33020,33021],{"class":112},"price_list",[61,33023,116],{"class":75},[61,33025,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,33027,130],{"class":129},[61,33029,109],{"class":75},[61,33031,33021],{"class":112},[61,33033,3658],{"class":75},[61,33035,675],{"class":79},[61,33037,1137],{"class":75},[14,33039,157],{},[52,33041,33043],{"className":54,"code":33042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[18,33044,33045,33061],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33046,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057,33059],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33048,3658],{"class":75},[61,33050,1821],{"class":79},[61,33052,83],{"class":75},[61,33054,680],{"class":79},[61,33056,83],{"class":75},[61,33058,91],{"class":79},[61,33060,94],{"class":75},[61,33062,33063],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33064,16813],{"class":79},[14,33066,33067],{},"This is helpful for:",[26,33069,33070,33073,33076],{},[29,33071,33072],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[29,33074,33075],{},"Accessing values by index",[29,33077,33078],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33080,3683,33081,33083],{},[18,33082,16794],{}," is not the same as a list.",[47,33085,33087,10337,33089,10337,33091],{"id":33086},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[18,33088,16828],{},[18,33090,16822],{},[18,33092,16835],{},[14,33094,33095],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[26,33097,33098,33103,33108],{},[29,33099,33100,33102],{},[18,33101,16828],{}," returns only the values",[29,33104,33105,33107],{},[18,33106,16822],{}," returns only the keys",[29,33109,33110,33112],{},[18,33111,16835],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33114,1889],{},[52,33116,33118],{"className":54,"code":33117,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[18,33119,33120,33156,33160,33174,33188],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33121,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33123,12619],{"class":67},[61,33125,72],{"class":71},[61,33127,717],{"class":75},[61,33129,816],{"class":190},[61,33131,819],{"class":194},[61,33133,816],{"class":190},[61,33135,824],{"class":75},[61,33137,522],{"class":190},[61,33139,829],{"class":194},[61,33141,816],{"class":190},[61,33143,83],{"class":75},[61,33145,522],{"class":190},[61,33147,838],{"class":194},[61,33149,816],{"class":190},[61,33151,824],{"class":75},[61,33153,435],{"class":79},[61,33155,730],{"class":75},[61,33157,33158],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33159,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,33161,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,33163,130],{"class":129},[61,33165,109],{"class":75},[61,33167,13381],{"class":112},[61,33169,244],{"class":75},[61,33171,16680],{"class":112},[61,33173,6955],{"class":75},[61,33175,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,33177,130],{"class":129},[61,33179,109],{"class":75},[61,33181,13381],{"class":112},[61,33183,244],{"class":75},[61,33185,743],{"class":112},[61,33187,6955],{"class":75},[61,33189,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,33191,130],{"class":129},[61,33193,109],{"class":75},[61,33195,13381],{"class":112},[61,33197,244],{"class":75},[61,33199,993],{"class":112},[61,33201,6955],{"class":75},[14,33203,157],{},[52,33205,33207],{"className":54,"code":33206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[18,33208,33209,33231,33249],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33210,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33212,16771],{"class":112},[61,33214,1126],{"class":75},[61,33216,198],{"class":190},[61,33218,819],{"class":194},[61,33220,198],{"class":190},[61,33222,83],{"class":75},[61,33224,191],{"class":190},[61,33226,838],{"class":194},[61,33228,198],{"class":190},[61,33230,1137],{"class":75},[61,33232,33233,33235,33237,33239,33241,33243,33245,33247],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33234,16794],{"class":112},[61,33236,1126],{"class":75},[61,33238,198],{"class":190},[61,33240,829],{"class":194},[61,33242,198],{"class":190},[61,33244,83],{"class":75},[61,33246,435],{"class":79},[61,33248,1137],{"class":75},[61,33250,33251,33253,33255,33257,33259,33261,33263,33265],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,33252,21665],{"class":112},[61,33254,9410],{"class":75},[61,33256,198],{"class":190},[61,33258,819],{"class":194},[61,33260,198],{"class":190},[61,33262,83],{"class":75},[61,33264,435],{"class":79},[61,33266,10430],{"class":75},[14,33268,1063],{},[26,33270,33271,33278,33285],{},[29,33272,33273,33277],{},[235,33274,33275],{"href":16819},[18,33276,16822],{}," when you need just the keys",[29,33279,33280,33284],{},[235,33281,33282],{"href":16825},[18,33283,16828],{}," when you need just the values",[29,33286,33287,33291],{},[235,33288,33289],{"href":16832},[18,33290,16835],{}," when you need both",[47,33293,4280],{"id":4279},[14,33295,33296,33297,244],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[18,33298,16828],{},[408,33300,312,33302,33304],{"id":33301},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[18,33303,16828],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33306,33307,33309],{},[18,33308,16828],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33311,16400],{},[52,33313,33315],{"className":54,"code":33314,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[18,33316,33317,33337],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33318,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33320,8065],{"class":67},[61,33322,72],{"class":71},[61,33324,76],{"class":75},[61,33326,80],{"class":79},[61,33328,83],{"class":75},[61,33330,86],{"class":79},[61,33332,83],{"class":75},[61,33334,91],{"class":79},[61,33336,94],{"class":75},[61,33338,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33340,130],{"class":129},[61,33342,109],{"class":75},[61,33344,8096],{"class":112},[61,33346,244],{"class":75},[61,33348,743],{"class":112},[61,33350,6955],{"class":75},[14,33352,33353,33354,33356],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[18,33355,16828],{}," method.",[14,33358,33359],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[52,33361,33363],{"className":54,"code":33362,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_list))\n",[18,33364,33365],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33366,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33368,130],{"class":129},[61,33370,109],{"class":75},[61,33372,147],{"class":105},[61,33374,109],{"class":75},[61,33376,8096],{"class":112},[61,33378,154],{"class":75},[14,33380,33381,33382,33384,33385,244],{},"If you get an ",[18,33383,25428],{},", see ",[235,33386,25436,33387,33389],{"href":25435},[18,33388,25439],{}," errors",[408,33391,4341,33393,33395],{"id":33392},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[18,33394,16828],{}," returns a list",[14,33397,33398],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[52,33400,33402],{"className":54,"code":33401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,33403,33404,33440,33454,33458],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33405,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428,33430,33432,33434,33436,33438],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33407,12619],{"class":67},[61,33409,72],{"class":71},[61,33411,717],{"class":75},[61,33413,816],{"class":190},[61,33415,819],{"class":194},[61,33417,816],{"class":190},[61,33419,824],{"class":75},[61,33421,522],{"class":190},[61,33423,829],{"class":194},[61,33425,816],{"class":190},[61,33427,83],{"class":75},[61,33429,522],{"class":190},[61,33431,838],{"class":194},[61,33433,816],{"class":190},[61,33435,824],{"class":75},[61,33437,435],{"class":79},[61,33439,730],{"class":75},[61,33441,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450,33452],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33443,712],{"class":67},[61,33445,72],{"class":71},[61,33447,12661],{"class":67},[61,33449,244],{"class":75},[61,33451,743],{"class":112},[61,33453,263],{"class":75},[61,33455,33456],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,33457,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,33459,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468,33470],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,33461,130],{"class":129},[61,33463,109],{"class":75},[61,33465,147],{"class":105},[61,33467,109],{"class":75},[61,33469,743],{"class":112},[61,33471,154],{"class":75},[14,33473,157],{},[52,33475,33477],{"className":54,"code":33476,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[18,33478,33479],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33480,33481,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33482,183],{"class":71},[61,33484,187],{"class":186},[61,33486,191],{"class":190},[61,33488,16794],{"class":194},[61,33490,198],{"class":190},[61,33492,201],{"class":71},[14,33494,4911,33495,33497],{},[18,33496,16794],{},", not a list.",[14,33499,33500],{},"If you need a list:",[52,33502,33504],{"className":54,"code":33503,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = list(student.values())\n",[18,33505,33506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33507,33508,33510,33512,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33509,712],{"class":67},[61,33511,72],{"class":71},[61,33513,22317],{"class":105},[61,33515,109],{"class":75},[61,33517,13381],{"class":112},[61,33519,244],{"class":75},[61,33521,743],{"class":112},[61,33523,6955],{"class":75},[408,33525,33527,33528],{"id":33526},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[18,33529,16794],{},[14,33531,33532],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[52,33534,33536],{"className":54,"code":33535,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[18,33537,33538,33574,33588,33592],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33539,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33541,12619],{"class":67},[61,33543,72],{"class":71},[61,33545,717],{"class":75},[61,33547,816],{"class":190},[61,33549,819],{"class":194},[61,33551,816],{"class":190},[61,33553,824],{"class":75},[61,33555,522],{"class":190},[61,33557,829],{"class":194},[61,33559,816],{"class":190},[61,33561,83],{"class":75},[61,33563,522],{"class":190},[61,33565,838],{"class":194},[61,33567,816],{"class":190},[61,33569,824],{"class":75},[61,33571,435],{"class":79},[61,33573,730],{"class":75},[61,33575,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33577,712],{"class":67},[61,33579,72],{"class":71},[61,33581,12661],{"class":67},[61,33583,244],{"class":75},[61,33585,743],{"class":112},[61,33587,263],{"class":75},[61,33589,33590],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,33591,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,33593,33594],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,33595,33596],{"class":3420},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33598,33599],{},"Convert to a list first:",[52,33601,33603],{"className":54,"code":33602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[18,33604,33605,33641,33659,33663],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33606,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33608,12619],{"class":67},[61,33610,72],{"class":71},[61,33612,717],{"class":75},[61,33614,816],{"class":190},[61,33616,819],{"class":194},[61,33618,816],{"class":190},[61,33620,824],{"class":75},[61,33622,522],{"class":190},[61,33624,829],{"class":194},[61,33626,816],{"class":190},[61,33628,83],{"class":75},[61,33630,522],{"class":190},[61,33632,838],{"class":194},[61,33634,816],{"class":190},[61,33636,824],{"class":75},[61,33638,435],{"class":79},[61,33640,730],{"class":75},[61,33642,33643,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33644,712],{"class":67},[61,33646,72],{"class":71},[61,33648,22317],{"class":105},[61,33650,109],{"class":75},[61,33652,13381],{"class":112},[61,33654,244],{"class":75},[61,33656,743],{"class":112},[61,33658,6955],{"class":75},[61,33660,33661],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,33662,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,33664,33665,33667,33669,33671,33673,33675],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,33666,130],{"class":129},[61,33668,109],{"class":75},[61,33670,743],{"class":112},[61,33672,3658],{"class":75},[61,33674,675],{"class":79},[61,33676,1137],{"class":75},[408,33678,8175,33680,10844,33682],{"id":33679},"using-values-instead-of-values",[18,33681,743],{},[18,33683,16828],{},[14,33685,33686],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[52,33688,33690],{"className":54,"code":33689,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[18,33691,33692,33728,33732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33693,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33695,12619],{"class":67},[61,33697,72],{"class":71},[61,33699,717],{"class":75},[61,33701,816],{"class":190},[61,33703,819],{"class":194},[61,33705,816],{"class":190},[61,33707,824],{"class":75},[61,33709,522],{"class":190},[61,33711,829],{"class":194},[61,33713,816],{"class":190},[61,33715,83],{"class":75},[61,33717,522],{"class":190},[61,33719,838],{"class":194},[61,33721,816],{"class":190},[61,33723,824],{"class":75},[61,33725,435],{"class":79},[61,33727,730],{"class":75},[61,33729,33730],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33731,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,33733,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,33735,130],{"class":129},[61,33737,109],{"class":75},[61,33739,13381],{"class":112},[61,33741,244],{"class":75},[61,33743,743],{"class":24507},[61,33745,116],{"class":75},[14,33747,33748,33751],{},[18,33749,33750],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,33753,1063],{},[52,33755,33757],{"className":54,"code":33756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(student.values())\n",[18,33758,33759],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33760,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769,33771],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33762,130],{"class":129},[61,33764,109],{"class":75},[61,33766,13381],{"class":112},[61,33768,244],{"class":75},[61,33770,743],{"class":112},[61,33772,6955],{"class":75},[408,33774,33776],{"id":33775},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,33778,33779],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[52,33781,33783],{"className":54,"code":33782,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[18,33784,33785,33817],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33786,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811,33813,33815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33788,1459],{"class":67},[61,33790,72],{"class":71},[61,33792,717],{"class":75},[61,33794,816],{"class":190},[61,33796,235],{"class":194},[61,33798,816],{"class":190},[61,33800,824],{"class":75},[61,33802,680],{"class":79},[61,33804,83],{"class":75},[61,33806,522],{"class":190},[61,33808,1480],{"class":194},[61,33810,816],{"class":190},[61,33812,824],{"class":75},[61,33814,86],{"class":79},[61,33816,730],{"class":75},[61,33818,33819,33821,33823,33825,33827,33829],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33820,130],{"class":129},[61,33822,109],{"class":75},[61,33824,1501],{"class":112},[61,33826,244],{"class":75},[61,33828,743],{"class":112},[61,33830,6955],{"class":75},[14,33832,33833],{},"Not like this:",[52,33835,33837],{"className":54,"code":33836,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[18,33838,33839,33844,33849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33840,33841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33842,33843],{"class":3420},"# Wrong examples:\n",[61,33845,33846],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33847,33848],{"class":3420},"# data().values()\n",[61,33850,33851],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,33852,33853],{"class":3420},"# values(data)\n",[14,33855,3095],{},[52,33857,33859],{"className":54,"code":33858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[18,33860,33861,33875,33885,33899],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33862,33863,33865,33867,33869,33871,33873],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33864,130],{"class":129},[61,33866,109],{"class":75},[61,33868,147],{"class":105},[61,33870,109],{"class":75},[61,33872,11203],{"class":112},[61,33874,154],{"class":75},[61,33876,33877,33879,33881,33883],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,33878,130],{"class":129},[61,33880,109],{"class":75},[61,33882,11203],{"class":112},[61,33884,116],{"class":75},[61,33886,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,33888,130],{"class":129},[61,33890,109],{"class":75},[61,33892,11203],{"class":112},[61,33894,244],{"class":75},[61,33896,743],{"class":112},[61,33898,6955],{"class":75},[61,33900,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913,33915],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,33902,130],{"class":129},[61,33904,109],{"class":75},[61,33906,7852],{"class":105},[61,33908,109],{"class":75},[61,33910,11203],{"class":112},[61,33912,244],{"class":75},[61,33914,743],{"class":112},[61,33916,996],{"class":75},[47,33918,1620],{"id":1619},[408,33920,4905,33922,4908],{"id":33921},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[18,33923,32076],{},[14,33925,17178,33926,33928],{},[18,33927,16794],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[408,33930,12459,33932,23689],{"id":33931},"does-values-return-a-list",[18,33933,16828],{},[14,33935,23692,33936,23696],{},[18,33937,33938],{},"list(...)",[408,33940,25813,33942,2251],{"id":33941},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[18,33943,32076],{},[14,33945,33946,33947,25821],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[18,33948,5717],{},[408,33950,12459,33952,33954],{"id":33951},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[18,33953,32076],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,33956,33957],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[408,33959,33961,33962,33964,33965,2251],{"id":33960},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[18,33963,16828],{}," different from ",[18,33966,16835],{},[14,33968,33969,33971,33972,33974],{},[18,33970,16828],{}," returns only values. ",[18,33973,16835],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[47,33976,1664],{"id":1663},[26,33978,33979,33985,33991,33995,34001,34005],{},[29,33980,33981],{},[235,33982,10488,33983,10492],{"href":16819},[18,33984,16822],{},[29,33986,33987],{},[235,33988,10488,33989,10492],{"href":16832},[18,33990,16835],{},[29,33992,33993],{},[235,33994,10995],{"href":9143},[29,33996,33997],{},[235,33998,34000],{"href":33999},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[29,34002,34003],{},[235,34004,23774],{"href":32924},[29,34006,34007],{},[235,34008,30102,34009],{"href":25435},[18,34010,34011],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1693,34013,34014],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":34016},[34017,34018,34020,34021,34023,34024,34025,34026,34028,34039,34051],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":32246,"depth":97,"text":34019},"What values() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":32315,"depth":97,"text":34022},"What values() returns",{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":32794,"depth":97,"text":32795},{"id":32927,"depth":97,"text":32928},{"id":33086,"depth":97,"text":34027},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":34029},[34030,34032,34034,34036,34038],{"id":33301,"depth":119,"text":34031},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33392,"depth":119,"text":34033},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33526,"depth":119,"text":34035},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33679,"depth":119,"text":34037},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33775,"depth":119,"text":33776},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":34040},[34041,34043,34045,34047,34049],{"id":33921,"depth":119,"text":34042},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33931,"depth":119,"text":34044},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33941,"depth":119,"text":34046},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33951,"depth":119,"text":34048},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33960,"depth":119,"text":34050},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32063,"description":34052},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34058,"title":34059,"body":34060,"description":35489,"extension":1727,"meta":35490,"navigation":122,"path":35491,"seo":35492,"stem":35493,"__hash__":35494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34061,"toc":35441},[34062,34068,34073,34076,34092,34101,34103,34135,34141,34144,34239,34242,34247,34252,34255,34266,34268,34282,34288,34290,34295,34301,34304,34343,34351,34356,34359,34404,34407,34419,34425,34431,34435,34466,34469,34487,34490,34494,34533,34535,34555,34558,34570,34575,34581,34584,34639,34642,34653,34656,34667,34670,34674,34680,34682,34712,34715,34730,34733,34736,34755,34758,34774,34783,34785,34816,34822,34827,34830,34837,34868,34871,34893,34896,34899,34913,34917,34948,34963,34970,34977,34981,34989,34993,35001,35004,35053,35064,35066,35069,35075,35080,35090,35094,35097,35100,35104,35107,35109,35130,35134,35140,35151,35157,35159,35165,35189,35192,35255,35258,35286,35289,35351,35353,35358,35361,35368,35376,35383,35386,35394,35400,35402,35429,35438],[10,34063,3332,34065,3336],{"id":34064},"python-dir-function-explained",[18,34066,34067],{},"dir()",[14,34069,32073,34070,34072],{},[18,34071,34067],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34074,34075],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[26,34077,34078,34081,34084,34089],{},[29,34079,34080],{},"learning Python",[29,34082,34083],{},"exploring a new object",[29,34085,34086,34087],{},"debugging an ",[18,34088,25428],{},[29,34090,34091],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34093,34094,34095,34097,34098],{},"In short, ",[18,34096,34067],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[603,34099,34100],{},"“What can I use here?”",[47,34102,50],{"id":49},[52,34104,34106],{"className":54,"code":34105,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[18,34107,34108,34120],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34109,34110,34112,34114,34116,34118],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34111,7634],{"class":67},[61,34113,72],{"class":71},[61,34115,522],{"class":190},[61,34117,1323],{"class":194},[61,34119,528],{"class":190},[61,34121,34122,34124,34126,34129,34131,34133],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34123,130],{"class":129},[61,34125,109],{"class":75},[61,34127,34128],{"class":129},"dir",[61,34130,109],{"class":75},[61,34132,819],{"class":112},[61,34134,154],{"class":75},[14,34136,204,34137,34140],{},[18,34138,34139],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34142,34143],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[52,34145,34147],{"className":54,"code":34146,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[18,34148,34149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34150,34151,34153,34155,34158,34160,34162,34164,34167,34169,34171,34173,34176,34178,34180,34182,34185,34187,34189,34191,34194,34196,34198,34200,34203,34205,34207,34211,34213,34215,34217,34219,34221,34223,34226,34228,34230,34232,34235,34237],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34152,3658],{"class":75},[61,34154,198],{"class":190},[61,34156,34157],{"class":194},"__add__",[61,34159,198],{"class":190},[61,34161,83],{"class":75},[61,34163,191],{"class":190},[61,34165,34166],{"class":194},"__class__",[61,34168,198],{"class":190},[61,34170,83],{"class":75},[61,34172,191],{"class":190},[61,34174,34175],{"class":194},"__contains__",[61,34177,198],{"class":190},[61,34179,83],{"class":75},[61,34181,191],{"class":190},[61,34183,34184],{"class":194},"__delattr__",[61,34186,198],{"class":190},[61,34188,83],{"class":75},[61,34190,191],{"class":190},[61,34192,34193],{"class":194},"__dir__",[61,34195,198],{"class":190},[61,34197,83],{"class":75},[61,34199,191],{"class":190},[61,34201,34202],{"class":194},"__doc__",[61,34204,198],{"class":190},[61,34206,83],{"class":75},[61,34208,34210],{"class":34209},"s_hVV"," ...",[61,34212,83],{"class":75},[61,34214,191],{"class":190},[61,34216,8399],{"class":194},[61,34218,198],{"class":190},[61,34220,83],{"class":75},[61,34222,191],{"class":190},[61,34224,34225],{"class":194},"split",[61,34227,198],{"class":190},[61,34229,83],{"class":75},[61,34231,191],{"class":190},[61,34233,34234],{"class":194},"upper",[61,34236,198],{"class":190},[61,34238,94],{"class":75},[14,34240,34241],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[47,34243,3435,34245,3438],{"id":34244},"what-dir-does",[18,34246,34067],{},[14,34248,34249,34251],{},[18,34250,34067],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34253,34254],{},"It usually includes:",[26,34256,34257,34260,34263],{},[29,34258,34259],{},"attributes",[29,34261,34262],{},"methods",[29,34264,34265],{},"special Python names",[14,34267,277],{},[26,34269,34270,34276,34279],{},[29,34271,34272,34273],{},"The result is a ",[603,34274,34275],{},"list of strings",[29,34277,34278],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[29,34280,34281],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34283,34284,34285,34287],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[18,34286,34067],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[47,34289,248],{"id":247},[14,34291,34292,34294],{},[18,34293,34067],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[408,34296,34298,34300],{"id":34297},"dir-with-no-argument",[18,34299,34067],{}," with no argument",[14,34302,34303],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[52,34305,34307],{"className":54,"code":34306,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34308,34309,34317,34329,34333],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34310,34311,34313,34315],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34312,2783],{"class":67},[61,34314,72],{"class":71},[61,34316,2346],{"class":79},[61,34318,34319,34321,34323,34325,34327],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34320,7634],{"class":67},[61,34322,72],{"class":71},[61,34324,522],{"class":190},[61,34326,7436],{"class":194},[61,34328,528],{"class":190},[61,34330,34331],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,34332,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,34334,34335,34337,34339,34341],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,34336,130],{"class":129},[61,34338,109],{"class":75},[61,34340,34128],{"class":129},[61,34342,6955],{"class":75},[14,34344,34345,34346,4154,34348,34350],{},"This will show names such as ",[18,34347,1936],{},[18,34349,819],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[408,34352,34354],{"id":34353},"dirobject",[18,34355,34139],{},[14,34357,34358],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[52,34360,34362],{"className":54,"code":34361,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,34363,34364,34382],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34365,34366,34368,34370,34372,34374,34376,34378,34380],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34367,130],{"class":129},[61,34369,109],{"class":75},[61,34371,34128],{"class":129},[61,34373,109],{"class":75},[61,34375,816],{"class":190},[61,34377,1323],{"class":194},[61,34379,816],{"class":190},[61,34381,154],{"class":75},[61,34383,34384,34386,34388,34390,34392,34394,34396,34398,34400,34402],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34385,130],{"class":129},[61,34387,109],{"class":75},[61,34389,34128],{"class":129},[61,34391,1126],{"class":75},[61,34393,80],{"class":79},[61,34395,83],{"class":75},[61,34397,86],{"class":79},[61,34399,83],{"class":75},[61,34401,91],{"class":79},[61,34403,2758],{"class":75},[14,34405,34406],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[26,34408,34409,34411,34413,34416],{},[29,34410,293],{},[29,34412,290],{},[29,34414,34415],{},"modules",[29,34417,34418],{},"custom objects",[47,34420,8175,34422,34424],{"id":34421},"using-dir-with-a-value",[18,34423,34067],{}," with a value",[14,34426,34427,34428,34430],{},"A common use of ",[18,34429,34067],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[408,34432,34434],{"id":34433},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[52,34436,34438],{"className":54,"code":34437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[18,34439,34440,34452],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34441,34442,34444,34446,34448,34450],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34443,517],{"class":67},[61,34445,72],{"class":71},[61,34447,522],{"class":190},[61,34449,1323],{"class":194},[61,34451,528],{"class":190},[61,34453,34454,34456,34458,34460,34462,34464],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34455,130],{"class":129},[61,34457,109],{"class":75},[61,34459,34128],{"class":129},[61,34461,109],{"class":75},[61,34463,541],{"class":112},[61,34465,154],{"class":75},[14,34467,34468],{},"You will see method names like:",[26,34470,34471,34475,34479,34483],{},[29,34472,34473],{},[18,34474,8399],{},[29,34476,34477],{},[18,34478,34234],{},[29,34480,34481],{},[18,34482,34225],{},[29,34484,34485],{},[18,34486,8393],{},[14,34488,34489],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[408,34491,34493],{"id":34492},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[52,34495,34497],{"className":54,"code":34496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[18,34498,34499,34519],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34500,34501,34503,34505,34507,34509,34511,34513,34515,34517],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34502,68],{"class":67},[61,34504,72],{"class":71},[61,34506,76],{"class":75},[61,34508,80],{"class":79},[61,34510,83],{"class":75},[61,34512,86],{"class":79},[61,34514,83],{"class":75},[61,34516,91],{"class":79},[61,34518,94],{"class":75},[61,34520,34521,34523,34525,34527,34529,34531],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34522,130],{"class":129},[61,34524,109],{"class":75},[61,34526,34128],{"class":129},[61,34528,109],{"class":75},[61,34530,113],{"class":112},[61,34532,154],{"class":75},[14,34534,34468],{},[26,34536,34537,34541,34545,34550],{},[29,34538,34539],{},[18,34540,13308],{},[29,34542,34543],{},[18,34544,25998],{},[29,34546,34547],{},[18,34548,34549],{},"remove",[29,34551,34552],{},[18,34553,34554],{},"sort",[14,34556,34557],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34559,34560,34561,34566,34567,34569],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[235,34562,34564],{"href":34563},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[18,34565,2063],{}," can help first. Then ",[18,34568,34067],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[47,34571,8175,34573,34300],{"id":34572},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[18,34574,34067],{},[14,34576,34577,34578,34580],{},"When used with no argument, ",[18,34579,34067],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34582,34583],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[52,34585,34587],{"className":54,"code":34586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34588,34589,34598,34602,34613,34625,34629],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34590,34591,34593,34595],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34592,2783],{"class":67},[61,34594,72],{"class":71},[61,34596,34597],{"class":79}," 5\n",[61,34599,34600],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34601,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,34603,34604,34607,34611],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,34605,34606],{"class":186},"def",[61,34608,34610],{"class":34609},"sGLFI"," greet",[61,34612,21352],{"class":75},[61,34614,34615,34618,34620,34623],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,34616,34617],{"class":3634},"    return",[61,34619,522],{"class":190},[61,34621,34622],{"class":194},"Hello",[61,34624,528],{"class":190},[61,34626,34627],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,34628,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,34630,34631,34633,34635,34637],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,34632,130],{"class":129},[61,34634,109],{"class":75},[61,34636,34128],{"class":129},[61,34638,6955],{"class":75},[14,34640,34641],{},"The output will include names like:",[26,34643,34644,34648],{},[29,34645,34646],{},[18,34647,1936],{},[29,34649,34650],{},[18,34651,34652],{},"greet",[14,34654,34655],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[26,34657,34658,34661,34664],{},[29,34659,34660],{},"what variables exist",[29,34662,34663],{},"what functions you have defined",[29,34665,34666],{},"what names are currently available",[14,34668,34669],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[47,34671,34673],{"id":34672},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,34675,34676,34677,34679],{},"When you first use ",[18,34678,34067],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,34681,1109],{},[52,34683,34684],{"className":54,"code":34437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,34685,34686,34698],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34687,34688,34690,34692,34694,34696],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34689,517],{"class":67},[61,34691,72],{"class":71},[61,34693,522],{"class":190},[61,34695,1323],{"class":194},[61,34697,528],{"class":190},[61,34699,34700,34702,34704,34706,34708,34710],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34701,130],{"class":129},[61,34703,109],{"class":75},[61,34705,34128],{"class":129},[61,34707,109],{"class":75},[61,34709,541],{"class":112},[61,34711,154],{"class":75},[14,34713,34714],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[26,34716,34717,34721,34725],{},[29,34718,34719],{},[18,34720,34166],{},[29,34722,34723],{},[18,34724,34202],{},[29,34726,34727],{},[18,34728,34729],{},"__len__",[14,34731,34732],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,34734,34735],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[26,34737,34738,34742,34746,34750],{},[29,34739,34740],{},[18,34741,34234],{},[29,34743,34744],{},[18,34745,8399],{},[29,34747,34748],{},[18,34749,34225],{},[29,34751,34752],{},[18,34753,34754],{},"replace",[14,34756,34757],{},"A key point to remember:",[26,34759,34760,34768],{},[29,34761,34762,34764,34765],{},[18,34763,34067],{}," lists ",[603,34766,34767],{},"names only",[29,34769,34770,34771,34773],{},"it does ",[603,34772,605],{}," explain what each name does",[14,34775,34776,34777,244],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[235,34778,34780],{"href":34779},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[18,34781,34782],{},"help()",[14,34784,1570],{},[52,34786,34788],{"className":54,"code":34787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,34789,34790,34802],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34791,34792,34794,34796,34798,34800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34793,7634],{"class":67},[61,34795,72],{"class":71},[61,34797,522],{"class":190},[61,34799,1323],{"class":194},[61,34801,528],{"class":190},[61,34803,34804,34806,34808,34810,34812,34814],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34805,31908],{"class":129},[61,34807,109],{"class":75},[61,34809,819],{"class":112},[61,34811,244],{"class":75},[61,34813,34234],{"class":24507},[61,34815,116],{"class":75},[47,34817,34819,34821],{"id":34818},"dir-on-modules",[18,34820,34067],{}," on modules",[14,34823,15470,34824,34826],{},[18,34825,34067],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,34828,34829],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[408,34831,34833,34834,34836],{"id":34832},"example-math-module","Example: ",[18,34835,18173],{}," module",[52,34838,34840],{"className":54,"code":34839,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[18,34841,34842,34850,34854],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34843,34844,34847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34845,34846],{"class":3634},"import",[61,34848,34849],{"class":67}," math\n",[61,34851,34852],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34853,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,34855,34856,34858,34860,34862,34864,34866],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,34857,130],{"class":129},[61,34859,109],{"class":75},[61,34861,34128],{"class":129},[61,34863,109],{"class":75},[61,34865,18173],{"class":112},[61,34867,154],{"class":75},[14,34869,34870],{},"You may see names like:",[26,34872,34873,34878,34883,34888],{},[29,34874,34875],{},[18,34876,34877],{},"sqrt",[29,34879,34880],{},[18,34881,34882],{},"ceil",[29,34884,34885],{},[18,34886,34887],{},"floor",[29,34889,34890],{},[18,34891,34892],{},"pi",[14,34894,34895],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,34897,34898],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[26,34900,34901,34907],{},[29,34902,34903],{},[235,34904,34906],{"href":34905},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[29,34908,34909],{},[235,34910,34912],{"href":34911},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[408,34914,34916],{"id":34915},"another-example","Another example",[52,34918,34920],{"className":54,"code":34919,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[18,34921,34922,34929,34933],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34923,34924,34926],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34925,34846],{"class":3634},[61,34927,34928],{"class":67}," json\n",[61,34930,34931],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,34932,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,34934,34935,34937,34939,34941,34943,34946],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,34936,130],{"class":129},[61,34938,109],{"class":75},[61,34940,34128],{"class":129},[61,34942,109],{"class":75},[61,34944,34945],{"class":112},"json",[61,34947,154],{"class":75},[14,34949,34950,34951,1951,34954,1951,34957,16829,34960,244],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[18,34952,34953],{},"dump",[18,34955,34956],{},"dumps",[18,34958,34959],{},"load",[18,34961,34962],{},"loads",[47,34964,34966,10337,34968],{"id":34965},"dir-vs-help",[18,34967,34067],{},[18,34969,34782],{},[14,34971,34972,4154,34974,34976],{},[18,34973,34067],{},[18,34975,34782],{}," are often used together.",[408,34978,34979],{"id":34128},[18,34980,34067],{},[26,34982,34983,34986],{},[29,34984,34985],{},"shows available names",[29,34987,34988],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[408,34990,34991],{"id":31908},[18,34992,34782],{},[26,34994,34995,34998],{},[29,34996,34997],{},"explains what an object or function does",[29,34999,35000],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35002,35003],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[52,35005,35007],{"className":54,"code":35006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35008,35009,35021,35025,35039],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35010,35011,35013,35015,35017,35019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35012,7634],{"class":67},[61,35014,72],{"class":71},[61,35016,522],{"class":190},[61,35018,1323],{"class":194},[61,35020,528],{"class":190},[61,35022,35023],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35024,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,35026,35027,35029,35031,35033,35035,35037],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,35028,130],{"class":129},[61,35030,109],{"class":75},[61,35032,34128],{"class":129},[61,35034,109],{"class":75},[61,35036,819],{"class":112},[61,35038,154],{"class":75},[61,35040,35041,35043,35045,35047,35049,35051],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,35042,31908],{"class":129},[61,35044,109],{"class":75},[61,35046,819],{"class":112},[61,35048,244],{"class":75},[61,35050,34234],{"class":24507},[61,35052,116],{"class":75},[14,35054,204,35055,35057,35058,35060,35061,35063],{},[18,35056,34067],{}," first to find a method name.",[9598,35059],{},"\nThen use ",[18,35062,34782],{}," to understand how to use it.",[47,35065,25115],{"id":25114},[14,35067,35068],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[408,35070,35072,35074],{"id":35071},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[18,35073,34067],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35076,35077,35079],{},[18,35078,34067],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35081,35082,35083,35085,35086,35089],{},"For example, seeing ",[18,35084,34234],{}," in ",[18,35087,35088],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[408,35091,35093],{"id":35092},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35095,35096],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35098,35099],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[408,35101,35103],{"id":35102},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35105,35106],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35108,1570],{},[26,35110,35111,35116,35122],{},[29,35112,35113,35115],{},[18,35114,35088],{}," shows string-related names",[29,35117,35118,35121],{},[18,35119,35120],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[29,35123,35124,35127,35128,34836],{},[18,35125,35126],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[18,35129,18173],{},[408,35131,35133],{"id":35132},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35135,35136,35137,35139],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[18,35138,34067],{}," does not mean you already know:",[26,35141,35142,35145,35148],{},[29,35143,35144],{},"what it does",[29,35146,35147],{},"what arguments it needs",[29,35149,35150],{},"what it returns",[14,35152,35153,35154,35156],{},"That is why ",[18,35155,34782],{}," is the natural next step.",[47,35158,2590],{"id":2589},[14,35160,35161,35162,35164],{},"Beginners often use ",[18,35163,34067],{}," in these situations:",[26,35166,35167,35170,35179,35182],{},[29,35168,35169],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[29,35171,35172,35173,35178],{},"Seeing an ",[235,35174,35176],{"href":35175},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[18,35177,25428],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[29,35180,35181],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[29,35183,8175,35184,35186,35187],{},[18,35185,34067],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[18,35188,34782],{},[14,35190,35191],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[52,35193,35195],{"className":54,"code":35194,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35196,35197,35209,35213,35227,35241],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35198,35199,35201,35203,35205,35207],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35200,7634],{"class":67},[61,35202,72],{"class":71},[61,35204,522],{"class":190},[61,35206,1323],{"class":194},[61,35208,528],{"class":190},[61,35210,35211],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35212,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,35214,35215,35217,35219,35221,35223,35225],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,35216,130],{"class":129},[61,35218,109],{"class":75},[61,35220,147],{"class":105},[61,35222,109],{"class":75},[61,35224,819],{"class":112},[61,35226,154],{"class":75},[61,35228,35229,35231,35233,35235,35237,35239],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,35230,130],{"class":129},[61,35232,109],{"class":75},[61,35234,34128],{"class":129},[61,35236,109],{"class":75},[61,35238,819],{"class":112},[61,35240,154],{"class":75},[61,35242,35243,35245,35247,35249,35251,35253],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,35244,31908],{"class":129},[61,35246,109],{"class":75},[61,35248,819],{"class":112},[61,35250,244],{"class":75},[61,35252,34234],{"class":24507},[61,35254,116],{"class":75},[14,35256,35257],{},"And for modules:",[52,35259,35260],{"className":54,"code":34839,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,35261,35262,35268,35272],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35263,35264,35266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35265,34846],{"class":3634},[61,35267,34849],{"class":67},[61,35269,35270],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35271,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,35273,35274,35276,35278,35280,35282,35284],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,35275,130],{"class":129},[61,35277,109],{"class":75},[61,35279,34128],{"class":129},[61,35281,109],{"class":75},[61,35283,18173],{"class":112},[61,35285,154],{"class":75},[14,35287,35288],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[52,35290,35292],{"className":54,"code":35291,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[18,35293,35294,35299,35311,35321,35335,35341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35295,35296],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35297,35298],{"class":67},"python\n",[61,35300,35301,35303,35305,35307,35309],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35302,7634],{"class":67},[61,35304,72],{"class":71},[61,35306,522],{"class":190},[61,35308,1323],{"class":194},[61,35310,528],{"class":190},[61,35312,35313,35315,35317,35319],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,35314,34128],{"class":129},[61,35316,109],{"class":75},[61,35318,819],{"class":112},[61,35320,116],{"class":75},[61,35322,35323,35325,35327,35329,35331,35333],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,35324,31908],{"class":129},[61,35326,109],{"class":75},[61,35328,819],{"class":112},[61,35330,244],{"class":75},[61,35332,34234],{"class":24507},[61,35334,116],{"class":75},[61,35336,35337,35339],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,35338,34846],{"class":3634},[61,35340,34849],{"class":67},[61,35342,35343,35345,35347,35349],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,35344,34128],{"class":129},[61,35346,109],{"class":75},[61,35348,18173],{"class":112},[61,35350,116],{"class":75},[47,35352,1620],{"id":1619},[408,35354,4905,35356,4908],{"id":35355},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[18,35357,34067],{},[14,35359,35360],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[408,35362,4943,35364,4154,35366,2251],{"id":35363},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[18,35365,34067],{},[18,35367,34782],{},[14,35369,35370,35372,35373,35375],{},[18,35371,34067],{}," lists available names. ",[18,35374,34782],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[408,35377,35379,35380,35382],{"id":35378},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[18,35381,34067],{}," output?",[14,35384,35385],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[408,35387,4933,35389,35391,35392,2251],{"id":35388},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[18,35390,34067],{}," help fix ",[18,35393,25428],{},[14,35395,35396,35397,244],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[235,35398,35399],{"href":35175},"object has no attribute",[47,35401,1664],{"id":1663},[26,35403,35404,35410,35415,35419,35423],{},[29,35405,35406],{},[235,35407,3332,35408,3265],{"href":34779},[18,35409,34782],{},[29,35411,35412],{},[235,35413,35414],{"href":35175},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[29,35416,35417],{},[235,35418,34906],{"href":34905},[29,35420,35421],{},[235,35422,34912],{"href":34911},[29,35424,35425],{},[235,35426,3332,35427,3265],{"href":34563},[18,35428,2063],{},[14,35430,35431,35432,35434,35435,35437],{},"A good habit is to use ",[18,35433,34067],{}," together with ",[18,35436,34782],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1693,35439,35440],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":35442},[35443,35444,35446,35451,35456,35458,35459,35465,35470,35477,35478,35488],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":34244,"depth":97,"text":35445},"What dir() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248,"children":35447},[35448,35450],{"id":34297,"depth":119,"text":35449},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34353,"depth":119,"text":34139},{"id":34421,"depth":97,"text":35452,"children":35453},"Using dir() with a value",[35454,35455],{"id":34433,"depth":119,"text":34434},{"id":34492,"depth":119,"text":34493},{"id":34572,"depth":97,"text":35457},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34672,"depth":97,"text":34673},{"id":34818,"depth":97,"text":35460,"children":35461},"dir() on modules",[35462,35464],{"id":34832,"depth":119,"text":35463},"Example: math module",{"id":34915,"depth":119,"text":34916},{"id":34965,"depth":97,"text":35466,"children":35467},"dir() vs help()",[35468,35469],{"id":34128,"depth":119,"text":34067},{"id":31908,"depth":119,"text":34782},{"id":25114,"depth":97,"text":25115,"children":35471},[35472,35474,35475,35476],{"id":35071,"depth":119,"text":35473},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35092,"depth":119,"text":35093},{"id":35102,"depth":119,"text":35103},{"id":35132,"depth":119,"text":35133},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":35479},[35480,35482,35484,35486],{"id":35355,"depth":119,"text":35481},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35363,"depth":119,"text":35483},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35378,"depth":119,"text":35485},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35388,"depth":119,"text":35487},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34059,"description":35489},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35496,"title":35497,"body":35498,"description":37316,"extension":1727,"meta":37317,"navigation":122,"path":37318,"seo":37319,"stem":37320,"__hash__":37321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35499,"toc":37285},[35500,35506,35511,35514,35522,35528,35530,35610,35612,35638,35643,35648,35653,35656,35667,35670,35672,35751,35753,35779,35786,35788,35790,35815,35818,35831,35836,35838,35919,35921,35947,35955,35960,35968,35974,35981,35984,35986,36065,36068,36125,36127,36164,36170,36175,36180,36183,36197,36199,36302,36304,36347,36356,36366,36373,36379,36386,36469,36471,36494,36497,36500,36502,36506,36510,36513,36576,36599,36602,36606,36612,36614,36681,36684,36761,36766,36772,36775,36778,36823,36825,36849,36854,36858,36863,36869,36932,36935,36937,36940,36965,36968,37103,37105,37206,37208,37213,37216,37222,37232,37240,37245,37251,37257,37259,37282],[10,35501,3332,35503,3336],{"id":35502},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[18,35504,35505],{},"enumerate()",[14,35507,35508,35510],{},[18,35509,35505],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35512,35513],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[26,35515,35516,35519],{},[29,35517,35518],{},"the item itself",[29,35520,35521],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35523,35524,35525,35527],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[18,35526,35505],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[47,35529,50],{"id":49},[52,35531,35533],{"className":54,"code":35532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,35534,35535,35567,35571,35594],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35536,35537,35539,35541,35543,35545,35547,35549,35551,35553,35555,35557,35559,35561,35563,35565],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35538,12831],{"class":67},[61,35540,72],{"class":71},[61,35542,76],{"class":75},[61,35544,816],{"class":190},[61,35546,12848],{"class":194},[61,35548,816],{"class":190},[61,35550,83],{"class":75},[61,35552,522],{"class":190},[61,35554,17212],{"class":194},[61,35556,816],{"class":190},[61,35558,83],{"class":75},[61,35560,522],{"class":190},[61,35562,12865],{"class":194},[61,35564,816],{"class":190},[61,35566,94],{"class":75},[61,35568,35569],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35570,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,35572,35573,35575,35578,35580,35583,35585,35588,35590,35592],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,35574,5717],{"class":3634},[61,35576,35577],{"class":67}," index",[61,35579,83],{"class":75},[61,35581,35582],{"class":67}," color ",[61,35584,3641],{"class":3634},[61,35586,35587],{"class":129}," enumerate",[61,35589,109],{"class":75},[61,35591,17259],{"class":112},[61,35593,8099],{"class":75},[61,35595,35596,35598,35600,35603,35605,35608],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,35597,7827],{"class":129},[61,35599,109],{"class":75},[61,35601,35602],{"class":112},"index",[61,35604,83],{"class":75},[61,35606,35607],{"class":112}," color",[61,35609,116],{"class":75},[14,35611,157],{},[52,35613,35615],{"className":54,"code":35614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[18,35616,35617,35624,35631],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35618,35619,35621],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35620,675],{"class":79},[61,35622,35623],{"class":67}," red\n",[61,35625,35626,35628],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35627,80],{"class":79},[61,35629,35630],{"class":67}," green\n",[61,35632,35633,35635],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,35634,1821],{"class":79},[61,35636,35637],{"class":67}," blue\n",[14,35639,204,35640,35642],{},[18,35641,35505],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[47,35644,3435,35646,3438],{"id":35645},"what-enumerate-does",[18,35647,35505],{},[14,35649,35650,35652],{},[18,35651,35505],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,35654,35655],{},"It is commonly used with:",[26,35657,35658,35660,35662,35664],{},[29,35659,290],{},[29,35661,5066],{},[29,35663,293],{},[29,35665,35666],{},"other iterable objects",[14,35668,35669],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,35671,1109],{},[52,35673,35675],{"className":54,"code":35674,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[18,35676,35677,35711,35715,35736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35678,35679,35681,35683,35685,35687,35689,35691,35693,35695,35698,35700,35702,35704,35707,35709],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35680,4757],{"class":67},[61,35682,72],{"class":71},[61,35684,76],{"class":75},[61,35686,816],{"class":190},[61,35688,829],{"class":194},[61,35690,816],{"class":190},[61,35692,83],{"class":75},[61,35694,522],{"class":190},[61,35696,35697],{"class":194},"Ben",[61,35699,816],{"class":190},[61,35701,83],{"class":75},[61,35703,522],{"class":190},[61,35705,35706],{"class":194},"Cara",[61,35708,816],{"class":190},[61,35710,94],{"class":75},[61,35712,35713],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35714,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,35716,35717,35719,35721,35723,35726,35728,35730,35732,35734],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,35718,5717],{"class":3634},[61,35720,35577],{"class":67},[61,35722,83],{"class":75},[61,35724,35725],{"class":67}," name ",[61,35727,3641],{"class":3634},[61,35729,35587],{"class":129},[61,35731,109],{"class":75},[61,35733,4801],{"class":112},[61,35735,8099],{"class":75},[61,35737,35738,35740,35742,35744,35746,35749],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,35739,7827],{"class":129},[61,35741,109],{"class":75},[61,35743,35602],{"class":112},[61,35745,83],{"class":75},[61,35747,35748],{"class":112}," name",[61,35750,116],{"class":75},[14,35752,157],{},[52,35754,35756],{"className":54,"code":35755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[18,35757,35758,35765,35772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35759,35760,35762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35761,675],{"class":79},[61,35763,35764],{"class":67}," Ana\n",[61,35766,35767,35769],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35768,80],{"class":79},[61,35770,35771],{"class":67}," Ben\n",[61,35773,35774,35776],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,35775,1821],{"class":79},[61,35777,35778],{"class":67}," Cara\n",[14,35780,35781,35782,244],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[235,35783,35785],{"href":35784},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[47,35787,248],{"id":247},[14,35789,1922],{},[52,35791,35793],{"className":54,"code":35792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,35794,35795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35796,35797,35800,35802,35804,35806,35809,35811,35813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35798,35799],{"class":129},"enumerate",[61,35801,109],{"class":75},[61,35803,272],{"class":112},[61,35805,83],{"class":75},[61,35807,35808],{"class":8933}," start",[61,35810,72],{"class":71},[61,35812,675],{"class":79},[61,35814,116],{"class":75},[14,35816,35817],{},"It has two parts:",[26,35819,35820,35825],{},[29,35821,35822,35824],{},[18,35823,272],{},": the object you want to loop through",[29,35826,35827,35830],{},[18,35828,35829],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,35832,35833,35834,244],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[18,35835,675],{},[14,35837,1109],{},[52,35839,35841],{"className":54,"code":35840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[18,35842,35843,35876,35880,35903],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35844,35845,35848,35850,35852,35854,35856,35858,35860,35862,35864,35866,35868,35870,35872,35874],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35846,35847],{"class":67},"letters ",[61,35849,72],{"class":71},[61,35851,76],{"class":75},[61,35853,816],{"class":190},[61,35855,235],{"class":194},[61,35857,816],{"class":190},[61,35859,83],{"class":75},[61,35861,522],{"class":190},[61,35863,1480],{"class":194},[61,35865,816],{"class":190},[61,35867,83],{"class":75},[61,35869,522],{"class":190},[61,35871,573],{"class":194},[61,35873,816],{"class":190},[61,35875,94],{"class":75},[61,35877,35878],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35879,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,35881,35882,35884,35887,35889,35892,35894,35896,35898,35901],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,35883,5717],{"class":3634},[61,35885,35886],{"class":67}," i",[61,35888,83],{"class":75},[61,35890,35891],{"class":67}," letter ",[61,35893,3641],{"class":3634},[61,35895,35587],{"class":129},[61,35897,109],{"class":75},[61,35899,35900],{"class":112},"letters",[61,35902,8099],{"class":75},[61,35904,35905,35907,35909,35912,35914,35917],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,35906,7827],{"class":129},[61,35908,109],{"class":75},[61,35910,35911],{"class":112},"i",[61,35913,83],{"class":75},[61,35915,35916],{"class":112}," letter",[61,35918,116],{"class":75},[14,35920,157],{},[52,35922,35924],{"className":54,"code":35923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[18,35925,35926,35933,35940],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35927,35928,35930],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35929,675],{"class":79},[61,35931,35932],{"class":67}," a\n",[61,35934,35935,35937],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,35936,80],{"class":79},[61,35938,35939],{"class":67}," b\n",[61,35941,35942,35944],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,35943,1821],{"class":79},[61,35945,35946],{"class":67}," c\n",[14,35948,35949,35950,244],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[235,35951,3332,35953,3265],{"href":35952},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[18,35954,618],{},[47,35956,3435,35958,11459],{"id":35957},"what-enumerate-returns",[18,35959,35505],{},[14,35961,35962,35964,35965,244],{},[18,35963,35505],{}," returns an ",[603,35966,35967],{},"enumerate object",[14,35969,35970,35971,35973],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[18,35972,5717],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[26,35975,35976],{},[29,35977,35978],{},[18,35979,35980],{},"(index, item)",[14,35982,35983],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,35985,1109],{},[52,35987,35989],{"className":54,"code":35988,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[18,35990,35991,36024,36028,36050],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35992,35993,35996,35998,36000,36002,36004,36006,36008,36010,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35994,35995],{"class":67},"fruits ",[61,35997,72],{"class":71},[61,35999,76],{"class":75},[61,36001,816],{"class":190},[61,36003,3838],{"class":194},[61,36005,816],{"class":190},[61,36007,83],{"class":75},[61,36009,522],{"class":190},[61,36011,3847],{"class":194},[61,36013,816],{"class":190},[61,36015,83],{"class":75},[61,36017,522],{"class":190},[61,36019,32976],{"class":194},[61,36021,816],{"class":190},[61,36023,94],{"class":75},[61,36025,36026],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36027,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,36029,36030,36032,36034,36036,36039,36041,36043,36045,36048],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,36031,5717],{"class":3634},[61,36033,35577],{"class":67},[61,36035,83],{"class":75},[61,36037,36038],{"class":67}," fruit ",[61,36040,3641],{"class":3634},[61,36042,35587],{"class":129},[61,36044,109],{"class":75},[61,36046,36047],{"class":112},"fruits",[61,36049,8099],{"class":75},[61,36051,36052,36054,36056,36058,36060,36063],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,36053,7827],{"class":129},[61,36055,109],{"class":75},[61,36057,35602],{"class":112},[61,36059,83],{"class":75},[61,36061,36062],{"class":112}," fruit",[61,36064,116],{"class":75},[14,36066,36067],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[52,36069,36071],{"className":54,"code":36070,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,36072,36073,36093,36097,36115],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36074,36075,36077,36079,36081,36083,36085,36087,36089,36091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36076,68],{"class":67},[61,36078,72],{"class":71},[61,36080,76],{"class":75},[61,36082,430],{"class":79},[61,36084,83],{"class":75},[61,36086,435],{"class":79},[61,36088,83],{"class":75},[61,36090,440],{"class":79},[61,36092,94],{"class":75},[61,36094,36095],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36096,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,36098,36099,36101,36103,36105,36107,36109,36111,36113],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,36100,100],{"class":67},[61,36102,72],{"class":71},[61,36104,22317],{"class":105},[61,36106,109],{"class":75},[61,36108,35799],{"class":129},[61,36110,109],{"class":75},[61,36112,113],{"class":112},[61,36114,154],{"class":75},[61,36116,36117,36119,36121,36123],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,36118,130],{"class":129},[61,36120,109],{"class":75},[61,36122,135],{"class":112},[61,36124,116],{"class":75},[14,36126,157],{},[52,36128,36130],{"className":54,"code":36129,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[18,36131,36132],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36133,36134,36136,36138,36140,36142,36144,36146,36148,36150,36152,36154,36156,36158,36160,36162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36135,21497],{"class":75},[61,36137,675],{"class":79},[61,36139,83],{"class":75},[61,36141,5763],{"class":79},[61,36143,1045],{"class":75},[61,36145,1048],{"class":75},[61,36147,80],{"class":79},[61,36149,83],{"class":75},[61,36151,435],{"class":79},[61,36153,1045],{"class":75},[61,36155,1048],{"class":75},[61,36157,1821],{"class":79},[61,36159,83],{"class":75},[61,36161,440],{"class":79},[61,36163,9004],{"class":75},[14,36165,36166,36167,36169],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[18,36168,35505],{}," produces.",[47,36171,4723,36173],{"id":36172},"when-to-use-enumerate",[18,36174,35505],{},[14,36176,204,36177,36179],{},[18,36178,35505],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36181,36182],{},"Common cases:",[26,36184,36185,36188,36191,36194],{},[29,36186,36187],{},"printing numbered output",[29,36189,36190],{},"building menus",[29,36192,36193],{},"showing positions in a list",[29,36195,36196],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36198,1109],{},[52,36200,36202],{"className":54,"code":36201,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[18,36203,36204,36239,36243,36273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36205,36206,36208,36210,36212,36214,36217,36219,36221,36223,36226,36228,36230,36232,36235,36237],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36207,29653],{"class":67},[61,36209,72],{"class":71},[61,36211,76],{"class":75},[61,36213,816],{"class":190},[61,36215,36216],{"class":194},"Wash dishes",[61,36218,816],{"class":190},[61,36220,83],{"class":75},[61,36222,522],{"class":190},[61,36224,36225],{"class":194},"Study Python",[61,36227,816],{"class":190},[61,36229,83],{"class":75},[61,36231,522],{"class":190},[61,36233,36234],{"class":194},"Go for a walk",[61,36236,816],{"class":190},[61,36238,94],{"class":75},[61,36240,36241],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36242,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,36244,36245,36247,36249,36251,36254,36256,36258,36260,36263,36265,36267,36269,36271],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,36246,5717],{"class":3634},[61,36248,1959],{"class":67},[61,36250,83],{"class":75},[61,36252,36253],{"class":67}," task ",[61,36255,3641],{"class":3634},[61,36257,35587],{"class":129},[61,36259,109],{"class":75},[61,36261,36262],{"class":112},"tasks",[61,36264,83],{"class":75},[61,36266,35808],{"class":8933},[61,36268,72],{"class":71},[61,36270,80],{"class":79},[61,36272,8099],{"class":75},[61,36274,36275,36277,36279,36281,36283,36285,36287,36289,36291,36293,36296,36298,36300],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,36276,7827],{"class":129},[61,36278,109],{"class":75},[61,36280,22051],{"class":186},[61,36282,816],{"class":194},[61,36284,9033],{"class":79},[61,36286,2001],{"class":112},[61,36288,22060],{"class":79},[61,36290,28070],{"class":194},[61,36292,9033],{"class":79},[61,36294,36295],{"class":112},"task",[61,36297,22060],{"class":79},[61,36299,816],{"class":194},[61,36301,116],{"class":75},[14,36303,157],{},[52,36305,36307],{"className":54,"code":36306,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[18,36308,36309,36321,36333],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36310,36311,36313,36315,36318],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36312,80],{"class":79},[61,36314,244],{"class":75},[61,36316,36317],{"class":24507}," Wash",[61,36319,36320],{"class":67}," dishes\n",[61,36322,36323,36325,36327,36330],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36324,1821],{"class":79},[61,36326,244],{"class":75},[61,36328,36329],{"class":24507}," Study",[61,36331,36332],{"class":67}," Python\n",[61,36334,36335,36337,36339,36342,36344],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,36336,1827],{"class":79},[61,36338,244],{"class":75},[61,36340,36341],{"class":24507}," Go",[61,36343,3635],{"class":3634},[61,36345,36346],{"class":67}," a walk\n",[14,36348,36349,36350,36352,36353,244],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[18,36351,35505],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[18,36354,36355],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36357,36358,36359,244],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[235,36360,36362,36363,36365],{"href":36361},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[18,36364,35505],{}," in Python",[47,36367,36369,36370,36372],{"id":36368},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[18,36371,35829],{}," argument",[14,36374,36375,36376,36378],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[18,36377,35829],{}," argument.",[14,36380,36381,36382,10844,36384,824],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[18,36383,80],{},[18,36385,675],{},[52,36387,36389],{"className":54,"code":36388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36390,36391,36423,36427,36455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36392,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36394,12831],{"class":67},[61,36396,72],{"class":71},[61,36398,76],{"class":75},[61,36400,816],{"class":190},[61,36402,12848],{"class":194},[61,36404,816],{"class":190},[61,36406,83],{"class":75},[61,36408,522],{"class":190},[61,36410,17212],{"class":194},[61,36412,816],{"class":190},[61,36414,83],{"class":75},[61,36416,522],{"class":190},[61,36418,12865],{"class":194},[61,36420,816],{"class":190},[61,36422,94],{"class":75},[61,36424,36425],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36426,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,36428,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441,36443,36445,36447,36449,36451,36453],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,36430,5717],{"class":3634},[61,36432,35577],{"class":67},[61,36434,83],{"class":75},[61,36436,35582],{"class":67},[61,36438,3641],{"class":3634},[61,36440,35587],{"class":129},[61,36442,109],{"class":75},[61,36444,17259],{"class":112},[61,36446,83],{"class":75},[61,36448,35808],{"class":8933},[61,36450,72],{"class":71},[61,36452,80],{"class":79},[61,36454,8099],{"class":75},[61,36456,36457,36459,36461,36463,36465,36467],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,36458,7827],{"class":129},[61,36460,109],{"class":75},[61,36462,35602],{"class":112},[61,36464,83],{"class":75},[61,36466,35607],{"class":112},[61,36468,116],{"class":75},[14,36470,157],{},[52,36472,36474],{"className":54,"code":36473,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[18,36475,36476,36482,36488],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36477,36478,36480],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36479,80],{"class":79},[61,36481,35623],{"class":67},[61,36483,36484,36486],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36485,1821],{"class":79},[61,36487,35630],{"class":67},[61,36489,36490,36492],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,36491,1827],{"class":79},[61,36493,35637],{"class":67},[14,36495,36496],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36498,36499],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[47,36501,25115],{"id":25114},[14,36503,25118,36504,244],{},[18,36505,35505],{},[408,36507,36509],{"id":36508},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36511,36512],{},"In this loop:",[52,36514,36516],{"className":54,"code":36515,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[18,36517,36518,36538,36542,36562],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36519,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534,36536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36521,68],{"class":67},[61,36523,72],{"class":71},[61,36525,76],{"class":75},[61,36527,430],{"class":79},[61,36529,83],{"class":75},[61,36531,435],{"class":79},[61,36533,83],{"class":75},[61,36535,440],{"class":79},[61,36537,94],{"class":75},[61,36539,36540],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36541,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,36543,36544,36546,36548,36550,36552,36554,36556,36558,36560],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,36545,5717],{"class":3634},[61,36547,35577],{"class":67},[61,36549,83],{"class":75},[61,36551,21341],{"class":67},[61,36553,3641],{"class":3634},[61,36555,35587],{"class":129},[61,36557,109],{"class":75},[61,36559,113],{"class":112},[61,36561,8099],{"class":75},[61,36563,36564,36566,36568,36570,36572,36574],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,36565,7827],{"class":129},[61,36567,109],{"class":75},[61,36569,35602],{"class":112},[61,36571,83],{"class":75},[61,36573,8191],{"class":112},[61,36575,116],{"class":75},[26,36577,36578,36588],{},[29,36579,36580,4545,36582,1951,36584,1951,36586],{},[18,36581,35602],{},[18,36583,675],{},[18,36585,80],{},[18,36587,1821],{},[29,36589,36590,4545,36592,1951,36594,1951,36596],{},[18,36591,1605],{},[18,36593,430],{},[18,36595,15510],{},[18,36597,36598],{},"30",[14,36600,36601],{},"These are different things.",[408,36603,36605],{"id":36604},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36607,36608,36609,36611],{},"Each item from ",[18,36610,35505],{}," is a pair.",[14,36613,6448],{},[52,36615,36617],{"className":54,"code":36616,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[18,36618,36619,36643,36647,36667],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36620,36621,36623,36625,36627,36629,36631,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36622,7539],{"class":67},[61,36624,72],{"class":71},[61,36626,76],{"class":75},[61,36628,816],{"class":190},[61,36630,1936],{"class":194},[61,36632,816],{"class":190},[61,36634,83],{"class":75},[61,36636,522],{"class":190},[61,36638,11499],{"class":194},[61,36640,816],{"class":190},[61,36642,94],{"class":75},[61,36644,36645],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36646,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,36648,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,36650,5717],{"class":3634},[61,36652,35886],{"class":67},[61,36654,83],{"class":75},[61,36656,5720],{"class":67},[61,36658,3641],{"class":3634},[61,36660,35587],{"class":129},[61,36662,109],{"class":75},[61,36664,993],{"class":112},[61,36666,8099],{"class":75},[61,36668,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,36670,7827],{"class":129},[61,36672,109],{"class":75},[61,36674,35911],{"class":112},[61,36676,83],{"class":75},[61,36678,29264],{"class":112},[61,36680,116],{"class":75},[14,36682,36683],{},"But this causes an error:",[52,36685,36687],{"className":54,"code":36686,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[18,36688,36689,36713,36717,36742],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36690,36691,36693,36695,36697,36699,36701,36703,36705,36707,36709,36711],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36692,7539],{"class":67},[61,36694,72],{"class":71},[61,36696,76],{"class":75},[61,36698,816],{"class":190},[61,36700,1936],{"class":194},[61,36702,816],{"class":190},[61,36704,83],{"class":75},[61,36706,522],{"class":190},[61,36708,11499],{"class":194},[61,36710,816],{"class":190},[61,36712,94],{"class":75},[61,36714,36715],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36716,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,36718,36719,36721,36723,36725,36727,36729,36732,36734,36736,36738,36740],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,36720,5717],{"class":3634},[61,36722,35886],{"class":67},[61,36724,83],{"class":75},[61,36726,29264],{"class":67},[61,36728,83],{"class":75},[61,36730,36731],{"class":67}," extra ",[61,36733,3641],{"class":3634},[61,36735,35587],{"class":129},[61,36737,109],{"class":75},[61,36739,993],{"class":112},[61,36741,8099],{"class":75},[61,36743,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36759],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,36745,7827],{"class":129},[61,36747,109],{"class":75},[61,36749,35911],{"class":112},[61,36751,83],{"class":75},[61,36753,29264],{"class":112},[61,36755,83],{"class":75},[61,36757,36758],{"class":112}," extra",[61,36760,116],{"class":75},[14,36762,28818,36763,36765],{},[18,36764,35505],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[408,36767,36769,36771],{"id":36768},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[18,36770,35505],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,36773,36774],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,36776,36777],{},"Example with a string:",[52,36779,36781],{"className":54,"code":36780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[18,36782,36783,36808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36784,36785,36787,36789,36791,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36786,5717],{"class":3634},[61,36788,35577],{"class":67},[61,36790,83],{"class":75},[61,36792,36793],{"class":67}," char ",[61,36795,3641],{"class":3634},[61,36797,35587],{"class":129},[61,36799,109],{"class":75},[61,36801,816],{"class":190},[61,36803,525],{"class":194},[61,36805,816],{"class":190},[61,36807,8099],{"class":75},[61,36809,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818,36821],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36811,7827],{"class":129},[61,36813,109],{"class":75},[61,36815,35602],{"class":112},[61,36817,83],{"class":75},[61,36819,36820],{"class":112}," char",[61,36822,116],{"class":75},[14,36824,157],{},[52,36826,36828],{"className":54,"code":36827,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[18,36829,36830,36836,36842],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36831,36832,36834],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36833,675],{"class":79},[61,36835,35946],{"class":67},[61,36837,36838,36840],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36839,80],{"class":79},[61,36841,35932],{"class":67},[61,36843,36844,36846],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,36845,1821],{"class":79},[61,36847,36848],{"class":67}," t\n",[14,36850,36851,36852,244],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[235,36853,4899],{"href":5345},[408,36855,36857],{"id":36856},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,36859,36860,36861,244],{},"You do not always need ",[18,36862,35505],{},[14,36864,36865,36866,36868],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[18,36867,5717],{}," loop:",[52,36870,36872],{"className":54,"code":36871,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[18,36873,36874,36906,36910,36922],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36875,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36877,12831],{"class":67},[61,36879,72],{"class":71},[61,36881,76],{"class":75},[61,36883,816],{"class":190},[61,36885,12848],{"class":194},[61,36887,816],{"class":190},[61,36889,83],{"class":75},[61,36891,522],{"class":190},[61,36893,17212],{"class":194},[61,36895,816],{"class":190},[61,36897,83],{"class":75},[61,36899,522],{"class":190},[61,36901,12865],{"class":194},[61,36903,816],{"class":190},[61,36905,94],{"class":75},[61,36907,36908],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36909,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,36911,36912,36914,36916,36918,36920],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,36913,5717],{"class":3634},[61,36915,35582],{"class":67},[61,36917,3641],{"class":3634},[61,36919,12879],{"class":67},[61,36921,6152],{"class":75},[61,36923,36924,36926,36928,36930],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,36925,7827],{"class":129},[61,36927,109],{"class":75},[61,36929,32646],{"class":112},[61,36931,116],{"class":75},[14,36933,36934],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[47,36936,2590],{"id":2589},[14,36938,36939],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[26,36941,36942,36947,36953,36958],{},[29,36943,22858,36944,36946],{},[18,36945,35505],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[29,36948,36949,36950,36952],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[18,36951,675],{}," by default",[29,36954,8175,36955,36957],{},[18,36956,35505],{}," when only values are needed",[29,36959,36960,36961,8463,36963],{},"Confusing ",[18,36962,35505],{},[18,36964,618],{},[14,36966,36967],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[52,36969,36971],{"className":54,"code":36970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[18,36972,36973,36995,37022,37056,37089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36974,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985,36987,36989,36991,36993],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36976,130],{"class":129},[61,36978,109],{"class":75},[61,36980,35799],{"class":129},[61,36982,1126],{"class":75},[61,36984,430],{"class":79},[61,36986,83],{"class":75},[61,36988,435],{"class":79},[61,36990,83],{"class":75},[61,36992,440],{"class":79},[61,36994,2758],{"class":75},[61,36996,36997,36999,37001,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,36998,130],{"class":129},[61,37000,109],{"class":75},[61,37002,7852],{"class":105},[61,37004,109],{"class":75},[61,37006,35799],{"class":129},[61,37008,1126],{"class":75},[61,37010,430],{"class":79},[61,37012,83],{"class":75},[61,37014,435],{"class":79},[61,37016,83],{"class":75},[61,37018,440],{"class":79},[61,37020,37021],{"class":75},"])))\n",[61,37023,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,37025,130],{"class":129},[61,37027,109],{"class":75},[61,37029,7852],{"class":105},[61,37031,109],{"class":75},[61,37033,35799],{"class":129},[61,37035,1126],{"class":75},[61,37037,430],{"class":79},[61,37039,83],{"class":75},[61,37041,435],{"class":79},[61,37043,83],{"class":75},[61,37045,440],{"class":79},[61,37047,17819],{"class":75},[61,37049,35808],{"class":8933},[61,37051,72],{"class":71},[61,37053,80],{"class":79},[61,37055,2672],{"class":75},[61,37057,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080,37082,37084,37086],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,37059,5717],{"class":3634},[61,37061,35886],{"class":67},[61,37063,83],{"class":75},[61,37065,21341],{"class":67},[61,37067,3641],{"class":3634},[61,37069,35587],{"class":129},[61,37071,1126],{"class":75},[61,37073,198],{"class":190},[61,37075,235],{"class":194},[61,37077,198],{"class":190},[61,37079,83],{"class":75},[61,37081,191],{"class":190},[61,37083,1480],{"class":194},[61,37085,198],{"class":190},[61,37087,37088],{"class":75},"]):\n",[61,37090,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,37092,7827],{"class":129},[61,37094,109],{"class":75},[61,37096,35911],{"class":112},[61,37098,83],{"class":75},[61,37100,8191],{"class":112},[61,37102,116],{"class":75},[14,37104,16715],{},[52,37106,37108],{"className":54,"code":37107,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[18,37109,37110,37130,37162,37194,37200],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37111,37112,37114,37116,37118,37121,37125,37128],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37113,183],{"class":71},[61,37115,35799],{"class":129},[61,37117,1284],{"class":105},[61,37119,37120],{"class":67}," at ",[61,37122,37124],{"class":37123},"srjyR","0x",[61,37126,37127],{"class":34209},"...",[61,37129,201],{"class":71},[61,37131,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144,37146,37148,37150,37152,37154,37156,37158,37160],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37133,21497],{"class":75},[61,37135,675],{"class":79},[61,37137,83],{"class":75},[61,37139,5763],{"class":79},[61,37141,1045],{"class":75},[61,37143,1048],{"class":75},[61,37145,80],{"class":79},[61,37147,83],{"class":75},[61,37149,435],{"class":79},[61,37151,1045],{"class":75},[61,37153,1048],{"class":75},[61,37155,1821],{"class":79},[61,37157,83],{"class":75},[61,37159,440],{"class":79},[61,37161,9004],{"class":75},[61,37163,37164,37166,37168,37170,37172,37174,37176,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,37165,21497],{"class":75},[61,37167,80],{"class":79},[61,37169,83],{"class":75},[61,37171,5763],{"class":79},[61,37173,1045],{"class":75},[61,37175,1048],{"class":75},[61,37177,1821],{"class":79},[61,37179,83],{"class":75},[61,37181,435],{"class":79},[61,37183,1045],{"class":75},[61,37185,1048],{"class":75},[61,37187,1827],{"class":79},[61,37189,83],{"class":75},[61,37191,440],{"class":79},[61,37193,9004],{"class":75},[61,37195,37196,37198],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,37197,675],{"class":79},[61,37199,35932],{"class":67},[61,37201,37202,37204],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,37203,80],{"class":79},[61,37205,35939],{"class":67},[47,37207,1620],{"id":1619},[408,37209,4905,37211,4908],{"id":37210},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[18,37212,35505],{},[14,37214,37215],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[408,37217,12459,37219,37221],{"id":37218},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[18,37220,35505],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37223,37224,37225,37227,37228,37231],{},"It starts at ",[18,37226,675],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[18,37229,37230],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[408,37233,21177,37235,10844,37237,2251],{"id":37234},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[18,37236,35505],{},[18,37238,37239],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37241,36349,37242,37244],{},[18,37243,35505],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[408,37246,4933,37248,37250],{"id":37247},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[18,37249,35505],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37252,37253,37254,37256],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[18,37255,35505],{}," can return each character with its index.",[47,37258,1664],{"id":1663},[26,37260,37261,37265,37271,37278],{},[29,37262,37263],{},[235,37264,35785],{"href":35784},[29,37266,37267],{},[235,37268,3332,37269,3265],{"href":35952},[18,37270,618],{},[29,37272,37273],{},[235,37274,37275,37276,36365],{"href":36361},"How to use ",[18,37277,35505],{},[29,37279,37280],{},[235,37281,4980],{"href":5345},[1693,37283,37284],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":37286},[37287,37288,37290,37291,37293,37295,37297,37304,37305,37315],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":35645,"depth":97,"text":37289},"What enumerate() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":35957,"depth":97,"text":37292},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36172,"depth":97,"text":37294},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36368,"depth":97,"text":37296},"Using the start argument",{"id":25114,"depth":97,"text":25115,"children":37298},[37299,37300,37301,37303],{"id":36508,"depth":119,"text":36509},{"id":36604,"depth":119,"text":36605},{"id":36768,"depth":119,"text":37302},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36856,"depth":119,"text":36857},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":37306},[37307,37309,37311,37313],{"id":37210,"depth":119,"text":37308},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37218,"depth":119,"text":37310},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37234,"depth":119,"text":37312},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37247,"depth":119,"text":37314},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35497,"description":37316},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37323,"title":37324,"body":37325,"description":39840,"extension":1727,"meta":39841,"navigation":122,"path":39842,"seo":39843,"stem":39844,"__hash__":39845},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37326,"toc":39797},[37327,37333,37338,37341,37349,37363,37365,37456,37464,37469,37474,37476,37492,37494,37573,37575,37592,37598,37602,37604,37625,37629,37632,37644,37648,37651,37654,37671,37674,37750,37752,37769,37774,37778,37786,37789,37803,37805,37894,37896,37941,37944,37948,37951,38030,38032,38054,38057,38064,38069,38072,38175,38177,38202,38205,38212,38218,38223,38226,38237,38343,38345,38366,38374,38381,38387,38406,38411,38414,38433,38435,38520,38522,38551,38554,38559,38564,38567,38578,38580,38669,38671,38691,38697,38803,38805,38825,38828,38912,38914,38934,38941,38943,38947,38953,38956,39013,39016,39019,39080,39089,39092,39095,39123,39126,39186,39188,39205,39209,39212,39290,39292,39312,39315,39390,39394,39397,39399,39408,39413,39415,39466,39474,39486,39491,39552,39554,39571,39575,39638,39640,39665,39673,39675,39681,39687,39694,39702,39708,39711,39718,39728,39734,39740,39743,39760,39766,39768,39794],[10,37328,3332,37330,3336],{"id":37329},"python-filter-function-explained",[18,37331,37332],{},"filter()",[14,37334,37335,37337],{},[18,37336,37332],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37339,37340],{},"It takes:",[26,37342,37343,37346],{},[29,37344,37345],{},"a function that checks each item",[29,37347,37348],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37350,37351,37352,37355,37356,37359,37360,37362],{},"The result is ",[603,37353,37354],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[18,37357,37358],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[18,37361,24538],{}," to see the values.",[47,37364,50],{"id":49},[52,37366,37368],{"className":54,"code":37367,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[18,37369,37370,37403,37439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37371,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37401],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37373,68],{"class":67},[61,37375,72],{"class":71},[61,37377,76],{"class":75},[61,37379,80],{"class":79},[61,37381,83],{"class":75},[61,37383,86],{"class":79},[61,37385,83],{"class":75},[61,37387,91],{"class":79},[61,37389,83],{"class":75},[61,37391,693],{"class":79},[61,37393,83],{"class":75},[61,37395,4367],{"class":79},[61,37397,83],{"class":75},[61,37399,37400],{"class":79}," 6",[61,37402,94],{"class":75},[61,37404,37405,37407,37409,37412,37414,37417,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429,37431,37433,37435,37437],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37406,100],{"class":67},[61,37408,72],{"class":71},[61,37410,37411],{"class":129}," filter",[61,37413,109],{"class":75},[61,37415,37416],{"class":186},"lambda",[61,37418,37420],{"class":37419},"sFwrP"," x",[61,37422,824],{"class":75},[61,37424,3638],{"class":112},[61,37426,6162],{"class":71},[61,37428,86],{"class":79},[61,37430,6167],{"class":71},[61,37432,3591],{"class":79},[61,37434,83],{"class":75},[61,37436,4023],{"class":112},[61,37438,116],{"class":75},[61,37440,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,37442,130],{"class":129},[61,37444,109],{"class":75},[61,37446,7852],{"class":105},[61,37448,109],{"class":75},[61,37450,135],{"class":112},[61,37452,5122],{"class":75},[61,37454,37455],{"class":3420},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37457,37458,37460,37461,37463],{},[18,37459,37332],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[18,37462,24538],{}," to see the results.",[47,37465,3435,37467,3438],{"id":37466},"what-filter-does",[18,37468,37332],{},[14,37470,37471,37473],{},[18,37472,37332],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37475,1871],{},[26,37477,37478,37481,37487],{},[29,37479,37480],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[29,37482,37483,37484,37486],{},"if the test returns ",[18,37485,3361],{},", the item is kept",[29,37488,37483,37489,37491],{},[18,37490,3431],{},", the item is removed",[14,37493,1109],{},[52,37495,37497],{"className":54,"code":37496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37498,37499,37527,37531,37559],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37500,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37502,68],{"class":67},[61,37504,72],{"class":71},[61,37506,76],{"class":75},[61,37508,80],{"class":79},[61,37510,83],{"class":75},[61,37512,86],{"class":79},[61,37514,83],{"class":75},[61,37516,91],{"class":79},[61,37518,83],{"class":75},[61,37520,693],{"class":79},[61,37522,83],{"class":75},[61,37524,4367],{"class":79},[61,37526,94],{"class":75},[61,37528,37529],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37530,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,37532,37533,37535,37537,37539,37541,37543,37545,37547,37549,37551,37553,37555,37557],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,37534,100],{"class":67},[61,37536,72],{"class":71},[61,37538,37411],{"class":129},[61,37540,109],{"class":75},[61,37542,37416],{"class":186},[61,37544,37420],{"class":37419},[61,37546,824],{"class":75},[61,37548,3638],{"class":112},[61,37550,4012],{"class":71},[61,37552,91],{"class":79},[61,37554,83],{"class":75},[61,37556,4023],{"class":112},[61,37558,116],{"class":75},[61,37560,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,37562,130],{"class":129},[61,37564,109],{"class":75},[61,37566,7852],{"class":105},[61,37568,109],{"class":75},[61,37570,135],{"class":112},[61,37572,154],{"class":75},[14,37574,157],{},[52,37576,37578],{"className":54,"code":37577,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[4, 5]\n",[18,37579,37580],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37581,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37583,3658],{"class":75},[61,37585,1129],{"class":79},[61,37587,83],{"class":75},[61,37589,4367],{"class":79},[61,37591,94],{"class":75},[14,37593,37594,37595,37597],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[18,37596,1827],{}," are kept.",[47,37599,37601],{"id":37600},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37603,1922],{},[52,37605,37607],{"className":54,"code":37606,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[18,37608,37609],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37610,37611,37613,37615,37618,37620,37623],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37612,37358],{"class":129},[61,37614,109],{"class":75},[61,37616,37617],{"class":112},"function",[61,37619,83],{"class":75},[61,37621,37622],{"class":112}," iterable",[61,37624,116],{"class":75},[408,37626,37627],{"id":37617},[18,37628,37617],{},[14,37630,37631],{},"This is the test function.",[26,37633,37634,37637],{},[29,37635,37636],{},"It receives one item at a time",[29,37638,37639,37640,2638,37642],{},"It should return ",[18,37641,3361],{},[18,37643,3431],{},[408,37645,37646],{"id":272},[18,37647,272],{},[14,37649,37650],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,37652,37653],{},"It can be:",[26,37655,37656,37659,37662,37665,37668],{},[29,37657,37658],{},"a list",[29,37660,37661],{},"a tuple",[29,37663,37664],{},"a string",[29,37666,37667],{},"a set",[29,37669,37670],{},"another iterable object",[14,37672,37673],{},"Example with a tuple:",[52,37675,37677],{"className":54,"code":37676,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37678,37679,37704,37708,37736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37680,37681,37683,37685,37687,37689,37691,37694,37696,37698,37700,37702],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37682,68],{"class":67},[61,37684,72],{"class":71},[61,37686,1048],{"class":75},[61,37688,430],{"class":79},[61,37690,83],{"class":75},[61,37692,37693],{"class":79}," 15",[61,37695,83],{"class":75},[61,37697,435],{"class":79},[61,37699,83],{"class":75},[61,37701,845],{"class":79},[61,37703,116],{"class":75},[61,37705,37706],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37707,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,37709,37710,37712,37714,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37734],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,37711,100],{"class":67},[61,37713,72],{"class":71},[61,37715,37411],{"class":129},[61,37717,109],{"class":75},[61,37719,37416],{"class":186},[61,37721,37420],{"class":37419},[61,37723,824],{"class":75},[61,37725,3638],{"class":112},[61,37727,4861],{"class":71},[61,37729,435],{"class":79},[61,37731,83],{"class":75},[61,37733,4023],{"class":112},[61,37735,116],{"class":75},[61,37737,37738,37740,37742,37744,37746,37748],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,37739,130],{"class":129},[61,37741,109],{"class":75},[61,37743,7852],{"class":105},[61,37745,109],{"class":75},[61,37747,135],{"class":112},[61,37749,154],{"class":75},[14,37751,157],{},[52,37753,37755],{"className":54,"code":37754,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[20, 25]\n",[18,37756,37757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37758,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37760,3658],{"class":75},[61,37762,15510],{"class":79},[61,37764,83],{"class":75},[61,37766,845],{"class":79},[61,37768,94],{"class":75},[14,37770,37771,37772,244],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[235,37773,4899],{"href":5345},[47,37775,37777],{"id":37776},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,37779,37780,37781,21732,37783,244],{},"In Python 3, ",[18,37782,37332],{},[603,37784,37785],{},"filter object",[14,37787,37788],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[26,37790,37791,37794,37799],{},[29,37792,37793],{},"loop through it",[29,37795,37796,37797],{},"convert it with ",[18,37798,24538],{},[29,37800,37796,37801],{},[18,37802,20],{},[14,37804,1109],{},[52,37806,37808],{"className":54,"code":37807,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37809,37810,37852,37856,37866,37880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37811,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37813,100],{"class":67},[61,37815,72],{"class":71},[61,37817,37411],{"class":129},[61,37819,109],{"class":75},[61,37821,37416],{"class":186},[61,37823,37420],{"class":37419},[61,37825,824],{"class":75},[61,37827,3638],{"class":112},[61,37829,4012],{"class":71},[61,37831,86],{"class":79},[61,37833,83],{"class":75},[61,37835,76],{"class":75},[61,37837,80],{"class":79},[61,37839,83],{"class":75},[61,37841,86],{"class":79},[61,37843,83],{"class":75},[61,37845,91],{"class":79},[61,37847,83],{"class":75},[61,37849,693],{"class":79},[61,37851,1137],{"class":75},[61,37853,37854],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37855,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,37857,37858,37860,37862,37864],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,37859,130],{"class":129},[61,37861,109],{"class":75},[61,37863,135],{"class":112},[61,37865,116],{"class":75},[61,37867,37868,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,37869,130],{"class":129},[61,37871,109],{"class":75},[61,37873,147],{"class":105},[61,37875,109],{"class":75},[61,37877,135],{"class":112},[61,37879,154],{"class":75},[61,37881,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,37883,130],{"class":129},[61,37885,109],{"class":75},[61,37887,7852],{"class":105},[61,37889,109],{"class":75},[61,37891,135],{"class":112},[61,37893,154],{"class":75},[14,37895,157],{},[52,37897,37899],{"className":54,"code":37898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[18,37900,37901,37915,37929],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37902,37903,37905,37907,37909,37911,37913],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37904,183],{"class":71},[61,37906,37358],{"class":129},[61,37908,1284],{"class":105},[61,37910,37120],{"class":67},[61,37912,37127],{"class":34209},[61,37914,201],{"class":71},[61,37916,37917,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,37918,183],{"class":71},[61,37920,187],{"class":186},[61,37922,191],{"class":190},[61,37924,37358],{"class":194},[61,37926,198],{"class":190},[61,37928,201],{"class":71},[61,37930,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,37932,3658],{"class":75},[61,37934,1827],{"class":79},[61,37936,83],{"class":75},[61,37938,693],{"class":79},[61,37940,94],{"class":75},[14,37942,37943],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[408,37945,37947],{"id":37946},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,37949,37950],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[52,37952,37954],{"className":54,"code":37953,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37955,37956,37998,38002,38016],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37957,37958,37960,37962,37964,37966,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988,37990,37992,37994,37996],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37959,100],{"class":67},[61,37961,72],{"class":71},[61,37963,37411],{"class":129},[61,37965,109],{"class":75},[61,37967,37416],{"class":186},[61,37969,37420],{"class":37419},[61,37971,824],{"class":75},[61,37973,3638],{"class":112},[61,37975,4012],{"class":71},[61,37977,86],{"class":79},[61,37979,83],{"class":75},[61,37981,76],{"class":75},[61,37983,80],{"class":79},[61,37985,83],{"class":75},[61,37987,86],{"class":79},[61,37989,83],{"class":75},[61,37991,91],{"class":79},[61,37993,83],{"class":75},[61,37995,693],{"class":79},[61,37997,1137],{"class":75},[61,37999,38000],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38001,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,38003,38004,38006,38008,38010,38012,38014],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,38005,130],{"class":129},[61,38007,109],{"class":75},[61,38009,7852],{"class":105},[61,38011,109],{"class":75},[61,38013,135],{"class":112},[61,38015,154],{"class":75},[61,38017,38018,38020,38022,38024,38026,38028],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,38019,130],{"class":129},[61,38021,109],{"class":75},[61,38023,7852],{"class":105},[61,38025,109],{"class":75},[61,38027,135],{"class":112},[61,38029,154],{"class":75},[14,38031,157],{},[52,38033,38035],{"className":54,"code":38034,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[18,38036,38037,38049],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38038,38039,38041,38043,38045,38047],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38040,3658],{"class":75},[61,38042,1827],{"class":79},[61,38044,83],{"class":75},[61,38046,693],{"class":79},[61,38048,94],{"class":75},[61,38050,38051],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38052,38053],{"class":75},"[]\n",[14,38055,38056],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[47,38058,8175,38060,8463,38062],{"id":38059},"using-filter-with-lambda",[18,38061,37332],{},[18,38063,37416],{},[14,38065,14944,38066,38068],{},[18,38067,37416],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38070,38071],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[52,38073,38075],{"className":54,"code":38074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38076,38077,38119,38123,38161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38078,38079,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091,38093,38095,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38115,38117],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38080,3829],{"class":67},[61,38082,72],{"class":71},[61,38084,76],{"class":75},[61,38086,816],{"class":190},[61,38088,3838],{"class":194},[61,38090,816],{"class":190},[61,38092,83],{"class":75},[61,38094,522],{"class":190},[61,38096,38097],{"class":194},"kiwi",[61,38099,816],{"class":190},[61,38101,83],{"class":75},[61,38103,522],{"class":190},[61,38105,3847],{"class":194},[61,38107,816],{"class":190},[61,38109,83],{"class":75},[61,38111,522],{"class":190},[61,38113,38114],{"class":194},"fig",[61,38116,816],{"class":190},[61,38118,94],{"class":75},[61,38120,38121],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38122,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,38124,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38138,38140,38143,38145,38148,38150,38153,38155,38157,38159],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,38126,100],{"class":67},[61,38128,72],{"class":71},[61,38130,37411],{"class":129},[61,38132,109],{"class":75},[61,38134,37416],{"class":186},[61,38136,38137],{"class":37419}," word",[61,38139,824],{"class":75},[61,38141,38142],{"class":129}," len",[61,38144,109],{"class":75},[61,38146,38147],{"class":112},"word",[61,38149,3417],{"class":75},[61,38151,38152],{"class":71}," >",[61,38154,693],{"class":79},[61,38156,83],{"class":75},[61,38158,5927],{"class":112},[61,38160,116],{"class":75},[61,38162,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,38164,130],{"class":129},[61,38166,109],{"class":75},[61,38168,7852],{"class":105},[61,38170,109],{"class":75},[61,38172,135],{"class":112},[61,38174,154],{"class":75},[14,38176,157],{},[52,38178,38180],{"className":54,"code":38179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,38181,38182],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38183,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196,38198,38200],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38185,3658],{"class":75},[61,38187,198],{"class":190},[61,38189,3838],{"class":194},[61,38191,198],{"class":190},[61,38193,83],{"class":75},[61,38195,191],{"class":190},[61,38197,3847],{"class":194},[61,38199,198],{"class":190},[61,38201,94],{"class":75},[14,38203,38204],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38206,38207,38208,244],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[235,38209,38211],{"href":38210},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[47,38213,8175,38215,38217],{"id":38214},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[18,38216,37332],{}," with a named function",[14,38219,38220,38221,244],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[18,38222,37416],{},[14,38224,38225],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[26,38227,38228,38231,38234],{},[29,38229,38230],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[29,38232,38233],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[29,38235,38236],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[52,38238,38240],{"className":54,"code":38239,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38241,38242,38255,38270,38274,38306,38325,38329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38243,38244,38246,38249,38251,38253],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38245,34606],{"class":186},[61,38247,38248],{"class":34609}," is_even",[61,38250,109],{"class":75},[61,38252,2001],{"class":37419},[61,38254,8099],{"class":75},[61,38256,38257,38259,38261,38263,38265,38267],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38258,34617],{"class":3634},[61,38260,6145],{"class":67},[61,38262,6162],{"class":71},[61,38264,86],{"class":79},[61,38266,6167],{"class":71},[61,38268,38269],{"class":79}," 0\n",[61,38271,38272],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,38273,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,38275,38276,38278,38280,38282,38284,38286,38288,38290,38292,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,38277,68],{"class":67},[61,38279,72],{"class":71},[61,38281,76],{"class":75},[61,38283,80],{"class":79},[61,38285,83],{"class":75},[61,38287,86],{"class":79},[61,38289,83],{"class":75},[61,38291,91],{"class":79},[61,38293,83],{"class":75},[61,38295,693],{"class":79},[61,38297,83],{"class":75},[61,38299,4367],{"class":79},[61,38301,83],{"class":75},[61,38303,37400],{"class":79},[61,38305,94],{"class":75},[61,38307,38308,38310,38312,38314,38316,38319,38321,38323],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,38309,100],{"class":67},[61,38311,72],{"class":71},[61,38313,37411],{"class":129},[61,38315,109],{"class":75},[61,38317,38318],{"class":112},"is_even",[61,38320,83],{"class":75},[61,38322,4023],{"class":112},[61,38324,116],{"class":75},[61,38326,38327],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,38328,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,38330,38331,38333,38335,38337,38339,38341],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,38332,130],{"class":129},[61,38334,109],{"class":75},[61,38336,7852],{"class":105},[61,38338,109],{"class":75},[61,38340,135],{"class":112},[61,38342,154],{"class":75},[14,38344,157],{},[52,38346,38348],{"className":54,"code":38347,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[18,38349,38350],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38351,38352,38354,38356,38358,38360,38362,38364],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38353,3658],{"class":75},[61,38355,1821],{"class":79},[61,38357,83],{"class":75},[61,38359,693],{"class":79},[61,38361,83],{"class":75},[61,38363,37400],{"class":79},[61,38365,94],{"class":75},[14,38367,20527,38368,2158,38371,38373],{},[18,38369,38370],{},"is_even()",[18,38372,3361],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[47,38375,8175,38377,8463,38379],{"id":38376},"using-none-with-filter",[18,38378,3536],{},[18,38380,37332],{},[14,38382,38383,38384,38386],{},"You can pass ",[18,38385,3536],{}," as the first argument:",[52,38388,38390],{"className":54,"code":38389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[18,38391,38392],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38393,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38395,37358],{"class":129},[61,38397,109],{"class":75},[61,38399,3536],{"class":3609},[61,38401,83],{"class":75},[61,38403,37622],{"class":112},[61,38405,116],{"class":75},[14,38407,38408,38409,7100],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[603,38410,5355],{},[14,38412,38413],{},"Falsy values include:",[26,38415,38416,38420,38425,38429],{},[29,38417,38418],{},[18,38419,675],{},[29,38421,38422,38424],{},[18,38423,3531],{}," (empty string)",[29,38426,38427],{},[18,38428,3536],{},[29,38430,38431],{},[18,38432,3431],{},[14,38434,1109],{},[52,38436,38438],{"className":54,"code":38437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38439,38440,38484,38488,38506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38441,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38482],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38443,7539],{"class":67},[61,38445,72],{"class":71},[61,38447,76],{"class":75},[61,38449,675],{"class":79},[61,38451,83],{"class":75},[61,38453,680],{"class":79},[61,38455,83],{"class":75},[61,38457,5885],{"class":190},[61,38459,83],{"class":75},[61,38461,522],{"class":190},[61,38463,1323],{"class":194},[61,38465,816],{"class":190},[61,38467,83],{"class":75},[61,38469,3610],{"class":3609},[61,38471,83],{"class":75},[61,38473,3674],{"class":3609},[61,38475,83],{"class":75},[61,38477,3665],{"class":3609},[61,38479,83],{"class":75},[61,38481,4367],{"class":79},[61,38483,94],{"class":75},[61,38485,38486],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38487,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,38489,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502,38504],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,38491,100],{"class":67},[61,38493,72],{"class":71},[61,38495,37411],{"class":129},[61,38497,109],{"class":75},[61,38499,3536],{"class":3609},[61,38501,83],{"class":75},[61,38503,5725],{"class":112},[61,38505,116],{"class":75},[61,38507,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,38509,130],{"class":129},[61,38511,109],{"class":75},[61,38513,7852],{"class":105},[61,38515,109],{"class":75},[61,38517,135],{"class":112},[61,38519,154],{"class":75},[14,38521,157],{},[52,38523,38525],{"className":54,"code":38524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[18,38526,38527],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38528,38529,38531,38533,38535,38537,38539,38541,38543,38545,38547,38549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38530,3658],{"class":75},[61,38532,80],{"class":79},[61,38534,83],{"class":75},[61,38536,191],{"class":190},[61,38538,1323],{"class":194},[61,38540,198],{"class":190},[61,38542,83],{"class":75},[61,38544,3674],{"class":3609},[61,38546,83],{"class":75},[61,38548,4367],{"class":79},[61,38550,94],{"class":75},[14,38552,38553],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[47,38555,4723,38557],{"id":38556},"when-to-use-filter",[18,38558,37332],{},[14,38560,204,38561,38563],{},[18,38562,37332],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38565,38566],{},"It works well for:",[26,38568,38569,38572,38575],{},[29,38570,38571],{},"simple filtering rules",[29,38573,38574],{},"quick data cleaning",[29,38576,38577],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38579,1109],{},[52,38581,38583],{"className":54,"code":38582,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[18,38584,38585,38617,38650,38654],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38586,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38588,68],{"class":67},[61,38590,72],{"class":71},[61,38592,76],{"class":75},[61,38594,80],{"class":79},[61,38596,83],{"class":75},[61,38598,86],{"class":79},[61,38600,83],{"class":75},[61,38602,91],{"class":79},[61,38604,83],{"class":75},[61,38606,693],{"class":79},[61,38608,83],{"class":75},[61,38610,4367],{"class":79},[61,38612,83],{"class":75},[61,38614,37400],{"class":79},[61,38616,94],{"class":75},[61,38618,38619,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38620,38621],{"class":67},"evens ",[61,38623,72],{"class":71},[61,38625,37411],{"class":129},[61,38627,109],{"class":75},[61,38629,37416],{"class":186},[61,38631,37420],{"class":37419},[61,38633,824],{"class":75},[61,38635,3638],{"class":112},[61,38637,6162],{"class":71},[61,38639,86],{"class":79},[61,38641,6167],{"class":71},[61,38643,3591],{"class":79},[61,38645,83],{"class":75},[61,38647,4023],{"class":112},[61,38649,116],{"class":75},[61,38651,38652],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,38653,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,38655,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664,38667],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,38657,130],{"class":129},[61,38659,109],{"class":75},[61,38661,7852],{"class":105},[61,38663,109],{"class":75},[61,38665,38666],{"class":112},"evens",[61,38668,154],{"class":75},[14,38670,157],{},[52,38672,38673],{"className":54,"code":38347,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,38674,38675],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38676,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38678,3658],{"class":75},[61,38680,1821],{"class":79},[61,38682,83],{"class":75},[61,38684,693],{"class":79},[61,38686,83],{"class":75},[61,38688,37400],{"class":79},[61,38690,94],{"class":75},[14,38692,38693,38694,38696],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[18,38695,5717],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[52,38698,38700],{"className":54,"code":38699,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,38701,38702,38734,38742,38746,38758,38774,38789,38793],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38703,38704,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716,38718,38720,38722,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38705,68],{"class":67},[61,38707,72],{"class":71},[61,38709,76],{"class":75},[61,38711,80],{"class":79},[61,38713,83],{"class":75},[61,38715,86],{"class":79},[61,38717,83],{"class":75},[61,38719,91],{"class":79},[61,38721,83],{"class":75},[61,38723,693],{"class":79},[61,38725,83],{"class":75},[61,38727,4367],{"class":79},[61,38729,83],{"class":75},[61,38731,37400],{"class":79},[61,38733,94],{"class":75},[61,38735,38736,38738,38740],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38737,38621],{"class":67},[61,38739,72],{"class":71},[61,38741,7596],{"class":75},[61,38743,38744],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,38745,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,38747,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,38749,5717],{"class":3634},[61,38751,6145],{"class":67},[61,38753,3641],{"class":3634},[61,38755,4023],{"class":67},[61,38757,6152],{"class":75},[61,38759,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,38761,6157],{"class":3634},[61,38763,6145],{"class":67},[61,38765,6162],{"class":71},[61,38767,86],{"class":79},[61,38769,6167],{"class":71},[61,38771,3591],{"class":79},[61,38773,6152],{"class":75},[61,38775,38776,38779,38781,38783,38785,38787],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,38777,38778],{"class":67},"        evens",[61,38780,244],{"class":75},[61,38782,13308],{"class":112},[61,38784,109],{"class":75},[61,38786,2001],{"class":112},[61,38788,116],{"class":75},[61,38790,38791],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,38792,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,38794,38795,38797,38799,38801],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,38796,130],{"class":129},[61,38798,109],{"class":75},[61,38800,38666],{"class":112},[61,38802,116],{"class":75},[14,38804,157],{},[52,38806,38807],{"className":54,"code":38347,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,38808,38809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38810,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38812,3658],{"class":75},[61,38814,1821],{"class":79},[61,38816,83],{"class":75},[61,38818,693],{"class":79},[61,38820,83],{"class":75},[61,38822,37400],{"class":79},[61,38824,94],{"class":75},[14,38826,38827],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[52,38829,38831],{"className":54,"code":38830,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,38832,38833,38865,38898,38902],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38834,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38836,68],{"class":67},[61,38838,72],{"class":71},[61,38840,76],{"class":75},[61,38842,80],{"class":79},[61,38844,83],{"class":75},[61,38846,86],{"class":79},[61,38848,83],{"class":75},[61,38850,91],{"class":79},[61,38852,83],{"class":75},[61,38854,693],{"class":79},[61,38856,83],{"class":75},[61,38858,4367],{"class":79},[61,38860,83],{"class":75},[61,38862,37400],{"class":79},[61,38864,94],{"class":75},[61,38866,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38884,38886,38888,38890,38892,38894,38896],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,38868,38621],{"class":67},[61,38870,72],{"class":71},[61,38872,76],{"class":75},[61,38874,1979],{"class":67},[61,38876,5717],{"class":3634},[61,38878,6145],{"class":67},[61,38880,3641],{"class":3634},[61,38882,38883],{"class":67}," numbers ",[61,38885,6758],{"class":3634},[61,38887,6145],{"class":67},[61,38889,6162],{"class":71},[61,38891,86],{"class":79},[61,38893,6167],{"class":71},[61,38895,3591],{"class":79},[61,38897,94],{"class":75},[61,38899,38900],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,38901,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,38903,38904,38906,38908,38910],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,38905,130],{"class":129},[61,38907,109],{"class":75},[61,38909,38666],{"class":112},[61,38911,116],{"class":75},[14,38913,157],{},[52,38915,38916],{"className":54,"code":38347,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,38917,38918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38919,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38921,3658],{"class":75},[61,38923,1821],{"class":79},[61,38925,83],{"class":75},[61,38927,693],{"class":79},[61,38929,83],{"class":75},[61,38931,37400],{"class":79},[61,38933,94],{"class":75},[14,38935,38936,38937,244],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[235,38938,38940],{"href":38939},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[47,38942,2590],{"id":2589},[14,38944,14488,38945,244],{},[18,38946,37332],{},[408,38948,8211,38950,38952],{"id":38949},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[18,38951,37332],{}," to return a list",[14,38954,38955],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[52,38957,38959],{"className":54,"code":38958,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,38960,38961,39003],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38962,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38964,100],{"class":67},[61,38966,72],{"class":71},[61,38968,37411],{"class":129},[61,38970,109],{"class":75},[61,38972,37416],{"class":186},[61,38974,37420],{"class":37419},[61,38976,824],{"class":75},[61,38978,3638],{"class":112},[61,38980,4012],{"class":71},[61,38982,86],{"class":79},[61,38984,83],{"class":75},[61,38986,76],{"class":75},[61,38988,80],{"class":79},[61,38990,83],{"class":75},[61,38992,86],{"class":79},[61,38994,83],{"class":75},[61,38996,91],{"class":79},[61,38998,83],{"class":75},[61,39000,693],{"class":79},[61,39002,1137],{"class":75},[61,39004,39005,39007,39009,39011],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39006,130],{"class":129},[61,39008,109],{"class":75},[61,39010,135],{"class":112},[61,39012,116],{"class":75},[14,39014,39015],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39017,39018],{},"Fix:",[52,39020,39022],{"className":54,"code":39021,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,39023,39024,39066],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39025,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39027,100],{"class":67},[61,39029,72],{"class":71},[61,39031,37411],{"class":129},[61,39033,109],{"class":75},[61,39035,37416],{"class":186},[61,39037,37420],{"class":37419},[61,39039,824],{"class":75},[61,39041,3638],{"class":112},[61,39043,4012],{"class":71},[61,39045,86],{"class":79},[61,39047,83],{"class":75},[61,39049,76],{"class":75},[61,39051,80],{"class":79},[61,39053,83],{"class":75},[61,39055,86],{"class":79},[61,39057,83],{"class":75},[61,39059,91],{"class":79},[61,39061,83],{"class":75},[61,39063,693],{"class":79},[61,39065,1137],{"class":75},[61,39067,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39069,130],{"class":129},[61,39071,109],{"class":75},[61,39073,7852],{"class":105},[61,39075,109],{"class":75},[61,39077,135],{"class":112},[61,39079,154],{"class":75},[408,39081,39083,39084,2638,39086,39088],{"id":39082},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[18,39085,3361],{},[18,39087,3431],{}," clearly",[14,39090,39091],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39093,39094],{},"Good example:",[52,39096,39098],{"className":54,"code":39097,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[18,39099,39100,39113],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39101,39102,39104,39107,39109,39111],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39103,34606],{"class":186},[61,39105,39106],{"class":34609}," is_positive",[61,39108,109],{"class":75},[61,39110,2001],{"class":37419},[61,39112,8099],{"class":75},[61,39114,39115,39117,39119,39121],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39116,34617],{"class":3634},[61,39118,6145],{"class":67},[61,39120,4012],{"class":71},[61,39122,38269],{"class":79},[14,39124,39125],{},"Then use it with:",[52,39127,39129],{"className":54,"code":39128,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[18,39130,39131,39163],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39132,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39134,68],{"class":67},[61,39136,72],{"class":71},[61,39138,76],{"class":75},[61,39140,1786],{"class":71},[61,39142,1821],{"class":79},[61,39144,83],{"class":75},[61,39146,1984],{"class":71},[61,39148,80],{"class":79},[61,39150,83],{"class":75},[61,39152,3591],{"class":79},[61,39154,83],{"class":75},[61,39156,680],{"class":79},[61,39158,83],{"class":75},[61,39160,86],{"class":79},[61,39162,94],{"class":75},[61,39164,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177,39180,39182,39184],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39166,130],{"class":129},[61,39168,109],{"class":75},[61,39170,7852],{"class":105},[61,39172,109],{"class":75},[61,39174,37358],{"class":129},[61,39176,109],{"class":75},[61,39178,39179],{"class":112},"is_positive",[61,39181,83],{"class":75},[61,39183,4023],{"class":112},[61,39185,2672],{"class":75},[14,39187,157],{},[52,39189,39191],{"className":54,"code":39190,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2]\n",[18,39192,39193],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39194,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39196,3658],{"class":75},[61,39198,80],{"class":79},[61,39200,83],{"class":75},[61,39202,86],{"class":79},[61,39204,94],{"class":75},[408,39206,39208],{"id":39207},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39210,39211],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[52,39213,39214],{"className":54,"code":37953,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,39215,39216,39258,39262,39276],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39217,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39219,100],{"class":67},[61,39221,72],{"class":71},[61,39223,37411],{"class":129},[61,39225,109],{"class":75},[61,39227,37416],{"class":186},[61,39229,37420],{"class":37419},[61,39231,824],{"class":75},[61,39233,3638],{"class":112},[61,39235,4012],{"class":71},[61,39237,86],{"class":79},[61,39239,83],{"class":75},[61,39241,76],{"class":75},[61,39243,80],{"class":79},[61,39245,83],{"class":75},[61,39247,86],{"class":79},[61,39249,83],{"class":75},[61,39251,91],{"class":79},[61,39253,83],{"class":75},[61,39255,693],{"class":79},[61,39257,1137],{"class":75},[61,39259,39260],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39261,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,39263,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272,39274],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,39265,130],{"class":129},[61,39267,109],{"class":75},[61,39269,7852],{"class":105},[61,39271,109],{"class":75},[61,39273,135],{"class":112},[61,39275,154],{"class":75},[61,39277,39278,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,39279,130],{"class":129},[61,39281,109],{"class":75},[61,39283,7852],{"class":105},[61,39285,109],{"class":75},[61,39287,135],{"class":112},[61,39289,154],{"class":75},[14,39291,157],{},[52,39293,39294],{"className":54,"code":38034,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,39295,39296,39308],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39297,39298,39300,39302,39304,39306],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39299,3658],{"class":75},[61,39301,1827],{"class":79},[61,39303,83],{"class":75},[61,39305,693],{"class":79},[61,39307,94],{"class":75},[61,39309,39310],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39311,38053],{"class":75},[14,39313,39314],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[52,39316,39318],{"className":54,"code":39317,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,39319,39320,39366,39370,39380],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39321,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39323,100],{"class":67},[61,39325,72],{"class":71},[61,39327,22317],{"class":105},[61,39329,109],{"class":75},[61,39331,37358],{"class":129},[61,39333,109],{"class":75},[61,39335,37416],{"class":186},[61,39337,37420],{"class":37419},[61,39339,824],{"class":75},[61,39341,3638],{"class":112},[61,39343,4012],{"class":71},[61,39345,86],{"class":79},[61,39347,83],{"class":75},[61,39349,76],{"class":75},[61,39351,80],{"class":79},[61,39353,83],{"class":75},[61,39355,86],{"class":79},[61,39357,83],{"class":75},[61,39359,91],{"class":79},[61,39361,83],{"class":75},[61,39363,693],{"class":79},[61,39365,2758],{"class":75},[61,39367,39368],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39369,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,39371,39372,39374,39376,39378],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,39373,130],{"class":129},[61,39375,109],{"class":75},[61,39377,135],{"class":112},[61,39379,116],{"class":75},[61,39381,39382,39384,39386,39388],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,39383,130],{"class":129},[61,39385,109],{"class":75},[61,39387,135],{"class":112},[61,39389,116],{"class":75},[408,39391,39393],{"id":39392},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39395,39396],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39398,16400],{},[52,39400,39402],{"className":54,"code":39401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[18,39403,39404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39405,39406],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39407,39401],{"class":3420},[14,39409,39410,39411,6311],{},"This causes an error because ",[18,39412,430],{},[14,39414,16412],{},[52,39416,39418],{"className":54,"code":39417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[18,39419,39420],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39421,39422,39424,39426,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39423,130],{"class":129},[61,39425,109],{"class":75},[61,39427,7852],{"class":105},[61,39429,109],{"class":75},[61,39431,37358],{"class":129},[61,39433,109],{"class":75},[61,39435,37416],{"class":186},[61,39437,37420],{"class":37419},[61,39439,824],{"class":75},[61,39441,3638],{"class":112},[61,39443,4012],{"class":71},[61,39445,86],{"class":79},[61,39447,83],{"class":75},[61,39449,76],{"class":75},[61,39451,80],{"class":79},[61,39453,83],{"class":75},[61,39455,86],{"class":79},[61,39457,83],{"class":75},[61,39459,91],{"class":79},[61,39461,83],{"class":75},[61,39463,693],{"class":79},[61,39465,37021],{"class":75},[408,39467,36960,39469,8463,39471],{"id":39468},"confusing-filter-with-map",[18,39470,37332],{},[18,39472,39473],{},"map()",[26,39475,39476,39481],{},[29,39477,39478,39480],{},[18,39479,37332],{}," keeps or removes items",[29,39482,39483,39485],{},[18,39484,39473],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39487,39488,39489,824],{},"Example of ",[18,39490,37332],{},[52,39492,39494],{"className":54,"code":39493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39495,39496,39520],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39497,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39499,68],{"class":67},[61,39501,72],{"class":71},[61,39503,76],{"class":75},[61,39505,80],{"class":79},[61,39507,83],{"class":75},[61,39509,86],{"class":79},[61,39511,83],{"class":75},[61,39513,91],{"class":79},[61,39515,83],{"class":75},[61,39517,693],{"class":79},[61,39519,94],{"class":75},[61,39521,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39523,130],{"class":129},[61,39525,109],{"class":75},[61,39527,7852],{"class":105},[61,39529,109],{"class":75},[61,39531,37358],{"class":129},[61,39533,109],{"class":75},[61,39535,37416],{"class":186},[61,39537,37420],{"class":37419},[61,39539,824],{"class":75},[61,39541,3638],{"class":112},[61,39543,4012],{"class":71},[61,39545,86],{"class":79},[61,39547,83],{"class":75},[61,39549,4023],{"class":112},[61,39551,2672],{"class":75},[14,39553,157],{},[52,39555,39557],{"className":54,"code":39556,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 4]\n",[18,39558,39559],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39560,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39562,3658],{"class":75},[61,39564,1827],{"class":79},[61,39566,83],{"class":75},[61,39568,693],{"class":79},[61,39570,94],{"class":75},[14,39572,39488,39573,824],{},[18,39574,39473],{},[52,39576,39578],{"className":54,"code":39577,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39579,39580,39604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39581,39582,39584,39586,39588,39590,39592,39594,39596,39598,39600,39602],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39583,68],{"class":67},[61,39585,72],{"class":71},[61,39587,76],{"class":75},[61,39589,80],{"class":79},[61,39591,83],{"class":75},[61,39593,86],{"class":79},[61,39595,83],{"class":75},[61,39597,91],{"class":79},[61,39599,83],{"class":75},[61,39601,693],{"class":79},[61,39603,94],{"class":75},[61,39605,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625,39627,39630,39632,39634,39636],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39607,130],{"class":129},[61,39609,109],{"class":75},[61,39611,7852],{"class":105},[61,39613,109],{"class":75},[61,39615,39616],{"class":129},"map",[61,39618,109],{"class":75},[61,39620,37416],{"class":186},[61,39622,37420],{"class":37419},[61,39624,824],{"class":75},[61,39626,3638],{"class":112},[61,39628,39629],{"class":71},"*",[61,39631,86],{"class":79},[61,39633,83],{"class":75},[61,39635,4023],{"class":112},[61,39637,2672],{"class":75},[14,39639,157],{},[52,39641,39643],{"className":54,"code":39642,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[18,39644,39645],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39646,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39648,3658],{"class":75},[61,39650,1821],{"class":79},[61,39652,83],{"class":75},[61,39654,693],{"class":79},[61,39656,83],{"class":75},[61,39658,37400],{"class":79},[61,39660,83],{"class":75},[61,39662,6118],{"class":79},[61,39664,94],{"class":75},[14,39666,39667,39668,244],{},"For the related function, see ",[235,39669,3332,39671,3265],{"href":39670},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[18,39672,39473],{},[47,39674,1620],{"id":1619},[408,39676,12459,39678,39680],{"id":39677},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[18,39679,37332],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,39682,39683,39684,39686],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[18,39685,24538],{}," if needed.",[408,39688,39690,39691,39693],{"id":39689},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[18,39692,37332],{}," need to return?",[14,39695,37639,39696,39698,39699,39701],{},[18,39697,3361],{}," to keep an item and ",[18,39700,3431],{}," to remove it.",[408,39703,28085,39705,39707],{"id":39704},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[18,39706,37332],{}," without lambda?",[14,39709,39710],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[408,39712,4905,39714,39717],{"id":39713},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[18,39715,39716],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,39719,39720,39721,39723,39724,16829,39726,244],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[18,39722,675],{},", empty strings, ",[18,39725,3536],{},[18,39727,3431],{},[408,39729,21177,39731,39733],{"id":39730},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[18,39732,37332],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,39735,39736,39737,39739],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[18,39738,5717],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,39741,39742],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[26,39744,39745,39751,39757],{},[29,39746,39747,39748,39750],{},"use ",[18,39749,37332],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[29,39752,39753,39754,39756],{},"use a ",[18,39755,5717],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[29,39758,39759],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,39761,39762,39763,244],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[235,39764,4895],{"href":39765},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[47,39767,1664],{"id":1663},[26,39769,39770,39775,39779,39784,39790],{},[29,39771,39772],{},[235,39773,39774],{"href":38210},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[29,39776,39777],{},[235,39778,4985],{"href":39765},[29,39780,39781],{},[235,39782,39783],{"href":38939},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[29,39785,39786],{},[235,39787,3332,39788,3265],{"href":39670},[18,39789,39473],{},[29,39791,39792],{},[235,39793,4980],{"href":5345},[1693,39795,39796],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":39798},[39799,39800,39802,39806,39809,39811,39813,39815,39817,39827,39839],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":37466,"depth":97,"text":39801},"What filter() does",{"id":37600,"depth":97,"text":37601,"children":39803},[39804,39805],{"id":37617,"depth":119,"text":37617},{"id":272,"depth":119,"text":272},{"id":37776,"depth":97,"text":37777,"children":39807},[39808],{"id":37946,"depth":119,"text":37947},{"id":38059,"depth":97,"text":39810},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38214,"depth":97,"text":39812},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38376,"depth":97,"text":39814},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38556,"depth":97,"text":39816},"When to use filter()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":39818},[39819,39821,39823,39824,39825],{"id":38949,"depth":119,"text":39820},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39082,"depth":119,"text":39822},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39207,"depth":119,"text":39208},{"id":39392,"depth":119,"text":39393},{"id":39468,"depth":119,"text":39826},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":39828},[39829,39831,39833,39835,39837],{"id":39677,"depth":119,"text":39830},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39689,"depth":119,"text":39832},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39704,"depth":119,"text":39834},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39713,"depth":119,"text":39836},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39730,"depth":119,"text":39838},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37324,"description":39840},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39847,"title":39848,"body":39849,"description":42001,"extension":1727,"meta":42002,"navigation":122,"path":42003,"seo":42004,"stem":42005,"__hash__":42006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39850,"toc":41955},[39851,39854,39859,39865,39867,39919,39921,39940,39945,39949,39954,39957,39972,39975,39997,39999,40048,40050,40074,40076,40078,40093,40098,40106,40121,40123,40132,40135,40170,40174,40179,40183,40190,40225,40227,40243,40247,40250,40291,40293,40307,40311,40314,40338,40340,40349,40353,40356,40389,40391,40404,40408,40414,40433,40435,40443,40447,40452,40456,40462,40485,40487,40516,40519,40538,40542,40545,40572,40574,40608,40612,40615,40639,40643,40654,40656,40661,40666,40668,40752,40754,40796,40799,40803,40810,40819,40875,40882,40891,40896,40900,40971,40973,40982,40986,40989,41033,41035,41044,41048,41054,41104,41108,41113,41117,41141,41143,41152,41156,41180,41182,41193,41197,41221,41223,41232,41235,41252,41258,41262,41268,41271,41276,41279,41300,41302,41334,41337,41342,41344,41355,41357,41401,41405,41412,41464,41466,41475,41479,41482,41575,41578,41602,41606,41609,41701,41706,41710,41717,41722,41746,41748,41757,41762,41785,41787,41795,41802,41825,41833,41835,41848,41858,41860,41864,41871,41875,41884,41888,41895,41899,41903,41907,41920,41922,41952],[10,39852,39848],{"id":39853},"python-float-function-explained",[14,39855,16,39856,39858],{},[18,39857,2644],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,39860,39861,39862,39864],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[18,39863,2644],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[47,39866,50],{"id":49},[52,39868,39870],{"className":54,"code":39869,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[18,39871,39872,39886,39905],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39873,39874,39876,39878,39880,39882,39884],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39875,130],{"class":129},[61,39877,109],{"class":75},[61,39879,1954],{"class":105},[61,39881,109],{"class":75},[61,39883,645],{"class":79},[61,39885,154],{"class":75},[61,39887,39888,39890,39892,39894,39896,39898,39901,39903],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39889,130],{"class":129},[61,39891,109],{"class":75},[61,39893,1954],{"class":105},[61,39895,109],{"class":75},[61,39897,816],{"class":190},[61,39899,39900],{"class":194},"3.14",[61,39902,816],{"class":190},[61,39904,154],{"class":75},[61,39906,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,39908,130],{"class":129},[61,39910,109],{"class":75},[61,39912,1954],{"class":105},[61,39914,109],{"class":75},[61,39916,3361],{"class":3609},[61,39918,154],{"class":75},[14,39920,157],{},[52,39922,39924],{"className":54,"code":39923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[18,39925,39926,39930,39935],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39927,39928],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39929,2238],{"class":79},[61,39931,39932],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,39933,39934],{"class":79},"3.14\n",[61,39936,39937],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,39938,39939],{"class":79},"1.0\n",[14,39941,204,39942,39944],{},[18,39943,2644],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[47,39946,39948],{"id":39947},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,39950,39951,39953],{},[18,39952,2644],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,39955,39956],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[26,39958,39959,39963,39967],{},[29,39960,39961],{},[18,39962,2250],{},[29,39964,39965],{},[18,39966,39900],{},[29,39968,39969],{},[18,39970,39971],{},"0.5",[14,39973,39974],{},"A few key points:",[26,39976,39977,39984,39987,39990],{},[29,39978,39979,39981,39982],{},[18,39980,2644],{}," returns a value of type ",[18,39983,1954],{},[29,39985,39986],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[29,39988,39989],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[29,39991,39992,39993],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[235,39994,39995],{"href":7976},[18,39996,2718],{},[14,39998,1109],{},[52,40000,40002],{"className":54,"code":40001,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40003,40004,40024,40034],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40005,40006,40008,40010,40013,40015,40017,40020,40022],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40007,1979],{"class":67},[61,40009,72],{"class":71},[61,40011,40012],{"class":105}," float",[61,40014,109],{"class":75},[61,40016,816],{"class":190},[61,40018,40019],{"class":194},"2.75",[61,40021,816],{"class":190},[61,40023,116],{"class":75},[61,40025,40026,40028,40030,40032],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40027,130],{"class":129},[61,40029,109],{"class":75},[61,40031,2001],{"class":112},[61,40033,116],{"class":75},[61,40035,40036,40038,40040,40042,40044,40046],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,40037,130],{"class":129},[61,40039,109],{"class":75},[61,40041,147],{"class":105},[61,40043,109],{"class":75},[61,40045,2001],{"class":112},[61,40047,154],{"class":75},[14,40049,157],{},[52,40051,40053],{"className":54,"code":40052,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40054,40055,40060],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40056,40057],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40058,40059],{"class":79},"2.75\n",[61,40061,40062,40064,40066,40068,40070,40072],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40063,183],{"class":71},[61,40065,187],{"class":186},[61,40067,191],{"class":190},[61,40069,1954],{"class":194},[61,40071,198],{"class":190},[61,40073,201],{"class":71},[47,40075,248],{"id":247},[14,40077,6979],{},[52,40079,40081],{"className":54,"code":40080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"float(value)\n",[18,40082,40083],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40084,40085,40087,40089,40091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40086,1954],{"class":105},[61,40088,109],{"class":75},[61,40090,1605],{"class":112},[61,40092,116],{"class":75},[14,40094,40095,40096,244],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[18,40097,2644],{},[14,40099,40100,40101,40103,40104,824],{},"If you call ",[18,40102,2644],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[18,40105,3526],{},[52,40107,40109],{"className":54,"code":40108,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float())\n",[18,40110,40111],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40112,40113,40115,40117,40119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40114,130],{"class":129},[61,40116,109],{"class":75},[61,40118,1954],{"class":105},[61,40120,6955],{"class":75},[14,40122,157],{},[52,40124,40126],{"className":54,"code":40125,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0.0\n",[18,40127,40128],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40129,40130],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40131,40125],{"class":79},[14,40133,40134],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[52,40136,40138],{"className":54,"code":40137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[18,40139,40140,40160],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40141,40142,40145,40147,40149,40151,40153,40156,40158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40143,40144],{"class":67},"price ",[61,40146,72],{"class":71},[61,40148,40012],{"class":105},[61,40150,109],{"class":75},[61,40152,816],{"class":190},[61,40154,40155],{"class":194},"19.99",[61,40157,816],{"class":190},[61,40159,116],{"class":75},[61,40161,40162,40164,40166,40168],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40163,130],{"class":129},[61,40165,109],{"class":75},[61,40167,24907],{"class":112},[61,40169,116],{"class":75},[47,40171,40173],{"id":40172},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40175,40176,40178],{},[18,40177,2644],{}," can convert several common value types.",[408,40180,40182],{"id":40181},"integers","Integers",[14,40184,40185,40186,40189],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[18,40187,40188],{},".0"," added:",[52,40191,40193],{"className":54,"code":40192,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[18,40194,40195,40209],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40196,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205,40207],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40198,130],{"class":129},[61,40200,109],{"class":75},[61,40202,1954],{"class":105},[61,40204,109],{"class":75},[61,40206,645],{"class":79},[61,40208,154],{"class":75},[61,40210,40211,40213,40215,40217,40219,40221,40223],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40212,130],{"class":129},[61,40214,109],{"class":75},[61,40216,1954],{"class":105},[61,40218,109],{"class":75},[61,40220,1786],{"class":71},[61,40222,1821],{"class":79},[61,40224,154],{"class":75},[14,40226,157],{},[52,40228,40230],{"className":54,"code":40229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[18,40231,40232,40236],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40233,40234],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40235,2238],{"class":79},[61,40237,40238,40240],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40239,1786],{"class":71},[61,40241,40242],{"class":79},"2.0\n",[408,40244,40246],{"id":40245},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40248,40249],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[52,40251,40253],{"className":54,"code":40252,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[18,40254,40255,40273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40256,40257,40259,40261,40263,40265,40267,40269,40271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40258,130],{"class":129},[61,40260,109],{"class":75},[61,40262,1954],{"class":105},[61,40264,109],{"class":75},[61,40266,816],{"class":190},[61,40268,39900],{"class":194},[61,40270,816],{"class":190},[61,40272,154],{"class":75},[61,40274,40275,40277,40279,40281,40283,40285,40287,40289],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40276,130],{"class":129},[61,40278,109],{"class":75},[61,40280,1954],{"class":105},[61,40282,109],{"class":75},[61,40284,816],{"class":190},[61,40286,430],{"class":194},[61,40288,816],{"class":190},[61,40290,154],{"class":75},[14,40292,157],{},[52,40294,40296],{"className":54,"code":40295,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14\n10.0\n",[18,40297,40298,40302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40299,40300],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40301,39934],{"class":79},[61,40303,40304],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40305,40306],{"class":79},"10.0\n",[408,40308,40310],{"id":40309},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40312,40313],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[52,40315,40317],{"className":54,"code":40316,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[18,40318,40319],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40320,40321,40323,40325,40327,40329,40331,40334,40336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40322,130],{"class":129},[61,40324,109],{"class":75},[61,40326,1954],{"class":105},[61,40328,109],{"class":75},[61,40330,816],{"class":190},[61,40332,40333],{"class":194},"  8.5  ",[61,40335,816],{"class":190},[61,40337,154],{"class":75},[14,40339,157],{},[52,40341,40343],{"className":54,"code":40342,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8.5\n",[18,40344,40345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40346,40347],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40348,40342],{"class":79},[408,40350,40352],{"id":40351},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40354,40355],{},"Boolean values also work:",[52,40357,40359],{"className":54,"code":40358,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[18,40360,40361,40375],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40362,40363,40365,40367,40369,40371,40373],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40364,130],{"class":129},[61,40366,109],{"class":75},[61,40368,1954],{"class":105},[61,40370,109],{"class":75},[61,40372,3361],{"class":3609},[61,40374,154],{"class":75},[61,40376,40377,40379,40381,40383,40385,40387],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40378,130],{"class":129},[61,40380,109],{"class":75},[61,40382,1954],{"class":105},[61,40384,109],{"class":75},[61,40386,3431],{"class":3609},[61,40388,154],{"class":75},[14,40390,157],{},[52,40392,40394],{"className":54,"code":40393,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1.0\n0.0\n",[18,40395,40396,40400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40397,40398],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40399,39939],{"class":79},[61,40401,40402],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40403,40125],{"class":79},[408,40405,40407],{"id":40406},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40409,40410,40411,40413],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[18,40412,2644],{}," returns a float version of it:",[52,40415,40417],{"className":54,"code":40416,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(4.2))\n",[18,40418,40419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40420,40421,40423,40425,40427,40429,40431],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40422,130],{"class":129},[61,40424,109],{"class":75},[61,40426,1954],{"class":105},[61,40428,109],{"class":75},[61,40430,2123],{"class":79},[61,40432,154],{"class":75},[14,40434,157],{},[52,40436,40437],{"className":54,"code":2147,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,40438,40439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40440,40441],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40442,2147],{"class":79},[47,40444,40446],{"id":40445},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40448,40449,40450,244],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[18,40451,2644],{},[408,40453,40455],{"id":40454},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40457,40458,40459,824],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[18,40460,40461],{},"ValueError",[52,40463,40465],{"className":54,"code":40464,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[18,40466,40467],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40468,40469,40471,40473,40475,40477,40479,40481,40483],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40470,130],{"class":129},[61,40472,109],{"class":75},[61,40474,1954],{"class":105},[61,40476,109],{"class":75},[61,40478,816],{"class":190},[61,40480,1323],{"class":194},[61,40482,816],{"class":190},[61,40484,154],{"class":75},[14,40486,1262],{},[52,40488,40490],{"className":54,"code":40489,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[18,40491,40492],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40493,40494,40496,40498,40501,40503,40506,40508,40510,40512,40514],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40495,40461],{"class":105},[61,40497,824],{"class":75},[61,40499,40500],{"class":67}," could ",[61,40502,605],{"class":71},[61,40504,40505],{"class":67}," convert string to ",[61,40507,1954],{"class":105},[61,40509,824],{"class":75},[61,40511,191],{"class":190},[61,40513,1323],{"class":194},[61,40515,29455],{"class":190},[14,40517,40518],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[52,40520,40522],{"className":54,"code":40521,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[18,40523,40524],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40525,40526,40528,40530,40532,40534,40536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40527,130],{"class":129},[61,40529,109],{"class":75},[61,40531,1954],{"class":105},[61,40533,109],{"class":75},[61,40535,6031],{"class":190},[61,40537,154],{"class":75},[408,40539,40541],{"id":40540},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40543,40544],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[52,40546,40548],{"className":54,"code":40547,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,40549,40550],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40551,40552,40554,40556,40558,40560,40562,40564,40566,40568,40570],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40553,130],{"class":129},[61,40555,109],{"class":75},[61,40557,1954],{"class":105},[61,40559,1126],{"class":75},[61,40561,80],{"class":79},[61,40563,83],{"class":75},[61,40565,86],{"class":79},[61,40567,83],{"class":75},[61,40569,91],{"class":79},[61,40571,2758],{"class":75},[14,40573,1262],{},[52,40575,40577],{"className":54,"code":40576,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[18,40578,40579],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40580,40581,40583,40585,40587,40589,40592,40595,40598,40600,40602,40604,40606],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40582,1272],{"class":105},[61,40584,824],{"class":75},[61,40586,40012],{"class":105},[61,40588,1637],{"class":75},[61,40590,40591],{"class":67}," argument must be a string ",[61,40593,40594],{"class":71},"or",[61,40596,40597],{"class":67}," a real number",[61,40599,83],{"class":75},[61,40601,1290],{"class":71},[61,40603,191],{"class":190},[61,40605,7852],{"class":194},[61,40607,29455],{"class":190},[408,40609,40611],{"id":40610},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,40613,40614],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[52,40616,40618],{"className":54,"code":40617,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[18,40619,40620],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40621,40622,40624,40626,40628,40630,40632,40635,40637],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40623,130],{"class":129},[61,40625,109],{"class":75},[61,40627,1954],{"class":105},[61,40629,109],{"class":75},[61,40631,816],{"class":190},[61,40633,40634],{"class":194},"3,14",[61,40636,816],{"class":190},[61,40638,154],{"class":75},[14,40640,2761,40641,244],{},[18,40642,40461],{},[14,40644,40645,40646,4154,40650,244],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[235,40647,40649],{"href":40648},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[235,40651,40653],{"href":40652},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[47,40655,17175],{"id":17174},[14,40657,40658,40660],{},[18,40659,2644],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,40662,1386,40663,40665],{},[603,40664,605],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,40667,1109],{},[52,40669,40671],{"className":54,"code":40670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40672,40673,40686,40700,40704,40714,40724,40738],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40674,40675,40677,40679,40681,40684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40676,517],{"class":67},[61,40678,72],{"class":71},[61,40680,522],{"class":190},[61,40682,40683],{"class":194},"6.5",[61,40685,528],{"class":190},[61,40687,40688,40690,40692,40694,40696,40698],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40689,1979],{"class":67},[61,40691,72],{"class":71},[61,40693,40012],{"class":105},[61,40695,109],{"class":75},[61,40697,541],{"class":112},[61,40699,116],{"class":75},[61,40701,40702],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,40703,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,40705,40706,40708,40710,40712],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,40707,130],{"class":129},[61,40709,109],{"class":75},[61,40711,541],{"class":112},[61,40713,116],{"class":75},[61,40715,40716,40718,40720,40722],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,40717,130],{"class":129},[61,40719,109],{"class":75},[61,40721,2001],{"class":112},[61,40723,116],{"class":75},[61,40725,40726,40728,40730,40732,40734,40736],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,40727,130],{"class":129},[61,40729,109],{"class":75},[61,40731,147],{"class":105},[61,40733,109],{"class":75},[61,40735,541],{"class":112},[61,40737,154],{"class":75},[61,40739,40740,40742,40744,40746,40748,40750],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,40741,130],{"class":129},[61,40743,109],{"class":75},[61,40745,147],{"class":105},[61,40747,109],{"class":75},[61,40749,2001],{"class":112},[61,40751,154],{"class":75},[14,40753,157],{},[52,40755,40757],{"className":54,"code":40756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40758,40759,40764,40768,40782],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40760,40761],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40762,40763],{"class":79},"6.5\n",[61,40765,40766],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40767,40763],{"class":79},[61,40769,40770,40772,40774,40776,40778,40780],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,40771,183],{"class":71},[61,40773,187],{"class":186},[61,40775,191],{"class":190},[61,40777,3199],{"class":194},[61,40779,198],{"class":190},[61,40781,201],{"class":71},[61,40783,40784,40786,40788,40790,40792,40794],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,40785,183],{"class":71},[61,40787,187],{"class":186},[61,40789,191],{"class":190},[61,40791,1954],{"class":194},[61,40793,198],{"class":190},[61,40795,201],{"class":71},[14,40797,40798],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[47,40800,40802],{"id":40801},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[408,40804,40806,40807,40809],{"id":40805},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[18,40808,2718],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,40811,1744,40812,40816,40817,244],{},[235,40813,40814,2064],{"href":7976},[18,40815,2718],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[18,40818,2644],{},[52,40820,40822],{"className":54,"code":40821,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[18,40823,40824,40843,40857,40861],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40825,40826,40828,40830,40832,40834,40836,40839,40841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40827,7994],{"class":67},[61,40829,72],{"class":71},[61,40831,7999],{"class":129},[61,40833,109],{"class":75},[61,40835,816],{"class":190},[61,40837,40838],{"class":194},"Enter a price: ",[61,40840,816],{"class":190},[61,40842,116],{"class":75},[61,40844,40845,40847,40849,40851,40853,40855],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40846,40144],{"class":67},[61,40848,72],{"class":71},[61,40850,40012],{"class":105},[61,40852,109],{"class":75},[61,40854,8023],{"class":112},[61,40856,116],{"class":75},[61,40858,40859],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,40860,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,40862,40863,40865,40867,40869,40871,40873],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,40864,130],{"class":129},[61,40866,109],{"class":75},[61,40868,40144],{"class":112},[61,40870,39629],{"class":71},[61,40872,86],{"class":79},[61,40874,116],{"class":75},[14,40876,40877,40878,40881],{},"If the user enters ",[18,40879,40880],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[52,40883,40885],{"className":54,"code":40884,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"9.0\n",[18,40886,40887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40888,40889],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40890,40884],{"class":79},[14,40892,40893,40894,244],{},"For more help with this, see ",[235,40895,8740],{"href":8739},[408,40897,40899],{"id":40898},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[52,40901,40903],{"className":54,"code":40902,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[18,40904,40905,40918,40931,40935,40960],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40906,40907,40909,40911,40913,40916],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40908,2313],{"class":67},[61,40910,72],{"class":71},[61,40912,522],{"class":190},[61,40914,40915],{"class":194},"2.5",[61,40917,528],{"class":190},[61,40919,40920,40922,40924,40926,40929],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,40921,2341],{"class":67},[61,40923,72],{"class":71},[61,40925,522],{"class":190},[61,40927,40928],{"class":194},"1.5",[61,40930,528],{"class":190},[61,40932,40933],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,40934,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,40936,40937,40940,40942,40944,40946,40948,40950,40952,40954,40956,40958],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,40938,40939],{"class":67},"total ",[61,40941,72],{"class":71},[61,40943,40012],{"class":105},[61,40945,109],{"class":75},[61,40947,235],{"class":112},[61,40949,3417],{"class":75},[61,40951,2214],{"class":71},[61,40953,40012],{"class":105},[61,40955,109],{"class":75},[61,40957,1480],{"class":112},[61,40959,116],{"class":75},[61,40961,40962,40964,40966,40969],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,40963,130],{"class":129},[61,40965,109],{"class":75},[61,40967,40968],{"class":112},"total",[61,40970,116],{"class":75},[14,40972,157],{},[52,40974,40976],{"className":54,"code":40975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4.0\n",[18,40977,40978],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40979,40980],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40981,40975],{"class":79},[408,40983,40985],{"id":40984},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,40987,40988],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[52,40990,40992],{"className":54,"code":40991,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,40993,40994,41004,41019,41023],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40995,40996,40999,41001],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40997,40998],{"class":67},"count ",[61,41000,72],{"class":71},[61,41002,41003],{"class":79}," 7\n",[61,41005,41006,41008,41010,41012,41014,41017],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41007,100],{"class":67},[61,41009,72],{"class":71},[61,41011,40012],{"class":105},[61,41013,109],{"class":75},[61,41015,41016],{"class":112},"count",[61,41018,116],{"class":75},[61,41020,41021],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,41022,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,41024,41025,41027,41029,41031],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,41026,130],{"class":129},[61,41028,109],{"class":75},[61,41030,135],{"class":112},[61,41032,116],{"class":75},[14,41034,157],{},[52,41036,41038],{"className":54,"code":41037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7.0\n",[18,41039,41040],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41041,41042],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41043,41037],{"class":79},[408,41045,41047],{"id":41046},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41049,41050,41051,41053],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[18,41052,2644],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[52,41055,41057],{"className":54,"code":41056,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[18,41058,41059,41073,41089,41093],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41060,41061,41064,41066,41068,41071],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41062,41063],{"class":67},"temperature_text ",[61,41065,72],{"class":71},[61,41067,522],{"class":190},[61,41069,41070],{"class":194},"21.8",[61,41072,528],{"class":190},[61,41074,41075,41078,41080,41082,41084,41087],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41076,41077],{"class":67},"temperature ",[61,41079,72],{"class":71},[61,41081,40012],{"class":105},[61,41083,109],{"class":75},[61,41085,41086],{"class":112},"temperature_text",[61,41088,116],{"class":75},[61,41090,41091],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,41092,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,41094,41095,41097,41099,41102],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,41096,130],{"class":129},[61,41098,109],{"class":75},[61,41100,41101],{"class":112},"temperature",[61,41103,116],{"class":75},[47,41105,41107],{"id":41106},"special-values","Special values",[14,41109,41110,41112],{},[18,41111,2644],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[408,41114,41116],{"id":41115},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[52,41118,41120],{"className":54,"code":41119,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[18,41121,41122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41123,41124,41126,41128,41130,41132,41134,41137,41139],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41125,130],{"class":129},[61,41127,109],{"class":75},[61,41129,1954],{"class":105},[61,41131,109],{"class":75},[61,41133,816],{"class":190},[61,41135,41136],{"class":194},"inf",[61,41138,816],{"class":190},[61,41140,154],{"class":75},[14,41142,157],{},[52,41144,41146],{"className":54,"code":41145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"inf\n",[18,41147,41148],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41149,41150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41151,41145],{"class":67},[408,41153,41155],{"id":41154},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[52,41157,41159],{"className":54,"code":41158,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[18,41160,41161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41162,41163,41165,41167,41169,41171,41173,41176,41178],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41164,130],{"class":129},[61,41166,109],{"class":75},[61,41168,1954],{"class":105},[61,41170,109],{"class":75},[61,41172,816],{"class":190},[61,41174,41175],{"class":194},"-inf",[61,41177,816],{"class":190},[61,41179,154],{"class":75},[14,41181,157],{},[52,41183,41185],{"className":54,"code":41184,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-inf\n",[18,41186,41187],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41188,41189,41191],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41190,1786],{"class":71},[61,41192,41145],{"class":67},[408,41194,41196],{"id":41195},"not-a-number","Not a number",[52,41198,41200],{"className":54,"code":41199,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[18,41201,41202],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41203,41204,41206,41208,41210,41212,41214,41217,41219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41205,130],{"class":129},[61,41207,109],{"class":75},[61,41209,1954],{"class":105},[61,41211,109],{"class":75},[61,41213,816],{"class":190},[61,41215,41216],{"class":194},"nan",[61,41218,816],{"class":190},[61,41220,154],{"class":75},[14,41222,157],{},[52,41224,41226],{"className":54,"code":41225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nan\n",[18,41227,41228],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41229,41230],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41231,41225],{"class":67},[14,41233,41234],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[26,41236,41237,41242,41247],{},[29,41238,41239,41241],{},[18,41240,41136],{}," means positive infinity",[29,41243,41244,41246],{},[18,41245,41175],{}," means negative infinity",[29,41248,41249,41251],{},[18,41250,41216],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41253,41254,41255,41257],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[18,41256,2644],{}," accepts them.",[47,41259,41261],{"id":41260},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41263,41264,41265,41267],{},"The most common problems with ",[18,41266,2644],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[408,41269,40461],{"id":41270},"valueerror",[14,41272,14944,41273,41275],{},[18,41274,40461],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41277,41278],{},"Common causes:",[26,41280,41281,41287,41290,41293],{},[29,41282,41283,41284],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[18,41285,41286],{},"\"abc\"",[29,41288,41289],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[29,41291,41292],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[29,41294,4466,41295],{},[235,41296,41297,41299],{"href":7976},[18,41298,2718],{}," returns a string",[14,41301,1109],{},[52,41303,41305],{"className":54,"code":41304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41306,41307,41320],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41308,41309,41311,41313,41315,41318],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41310,1580],{"class":67},[61,41312,72],{"class":71},[61,41314,522],{"class":190},[61,41316,41317],{"class":194},"abc",[61,41319,528],{"class":190},[61,41321,41322,41324,41326,41328,41330,41332],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41323,130],{"class":129},[61,41325,109],{"class":75},[61,41327,1954],{"class":105},[61,41329,109],{"class":75},[61,41331,1605],{"class":112},[61,41333,154],{"class":75},[408,41335,1272],{"id":41336},"typeerror",[14,41338,14944,41339,41341],{},[18,41340,1272],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41343,41278],{},[26,41345,41346,41349,41352],{},[29,41347,41348],{},"Passing a list",[29,41350,41351],{},"Passing a dictionary",[29,41353,41354],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41356,1109],{},[52,41358,41360],{"className":54,"code":41359,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41361,41362,41387],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41363,41364,41366,41368,41370,41372,41374,41376,41378,41380,41383,41385],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41365,1580],{"class":67},[61,41367,72],{"class":71},[61,41369,717],{"class":75},[61,41371,816],{"class":190},[61,41373,24907],{"class":194},[61,41375,816],{"class":190},[61,41377,824],{"class":75},[61,41379,522],{"class":190},[61,41381,41382],{"class":194},"9.99",[61,41384,816],{"class":190},[61,41386,730],{"class":75},[61,41388,41389,41391,41393,41395,41397,41399],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41390,130],{"class":129},[61,41392,109],{"class":75},[61,41394,1954],{"class":105},[61,41396,109],{"class":75},[61,41398,1605],{"class":112},[61,41400,154],{"class":75},[408,41402,41404],{"id":41403},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41406,41407,41408,41411],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[18,41409,41410],{},"strip()"," can help:",[52,41413,41415],{"className":54,"code":41414,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41416,41417,41430,41445,41449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41418,41419,41421,41423,41425,41428],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41420,1580],{"class":67},[61,41422,72],{"class":71},[61,41424,522],{"class":190},[61,41426,41427],{"class":194},"  7.25  ",[61,41429,528],{"class":190},[61,41431,41432,41435,41437,41439,41441,41443],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41433,41434],{"class":67},"clean_value ",[61,41436,72],{"class":71},[61,41438,8191],{"class":67},[61,41440,244],{"class":75},[61,41442,8393],{"class":112},[61,41444,263],{"class":75},[61,41446,41447],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,41448,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,41450,41451,41453,41455,41457,41459,41462],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,41452,130],{"class":129},[61,41454,109],{"class":75},[61,41456,1954],{"class":105},[61,41458,109],{"class":75},[61,41460,41461],{"class":112},"clean_value",[61,41463,154],{"class":75},[14,41465,157],{},[52,41467,41469],{"className":54,"code":41468,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7.25\n",[18,41470,41471],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41472,41473],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41474,41468],{"class":79},[408,41476,41478],{"id":41477},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41480,41481],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[52,41483,41485],{"className":54,"code":41484,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41486,41487,41500,41504,41514,41528,41543,41547,41561],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41488,41489,41491,41493,41495,41498],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41490,1580],{"class":67},[61,41492,72],{"class":71},[61,41494,522],{"class":190},[61,41496,41497],{"class":194}," 3.5 ",[61,41499,528],{"class":190},[61,41501,41502],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41503,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,41505,41506,41508,41510,41512],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,41507,130],{"class":129},[61,41509,109],{"class":75},[61,41511,1605],{"class":112},[61,41513,116],{"class":75},[61,41515,41516,41518,41520,41522,41524,41526],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,41517,130],{"class":129},[61,41519,109],{"class":75},[61,41521,147],{"class":105},[61,41523,109],{"class":75},[61,41525,1605],{"class":112},[61,41527,154],{"class":75},[61,41529,41530,41532,41534,41537,41539,41541],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,41531,130],{"class":129},[61,41533,109],{"class":75},[61,41535,41536],{"class":129},"repr",[61,41538,109],{"class":75},[61,41540,1605],{"class":112},[61,41542,154],{"class":75},[61,41544,41545],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,41546,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,41548,41549,41551,41553,41555,41557,41559],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,41550,41434],{"class":67},[61,41552,72],{"class":71},[61,41554,8191],{"class":67},[61,41556,244],{"class":75},[61,41558,8393],{"class":112},[61,41560,263],{"class":75},[61,41562,41563,41565,41567,41569,41571,41573],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,41564,130],{"class":129},[61,41566,109],{"class":75},[61,41568,1954],{"class":105},[61,41570,109],{"class":75},[61,41572,41461],{"class":112},[61,41574,154],{"class":75},[14,41576,41577],{},"Why this helps:",[26,41579,41580,41586,41591,41597],{},[29,41581,41582,41585],{},[18,41583,41584],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[29,41587,41588,21124],{},[18,41589,41590],{},"print(type(value))",[29,41592,41593,41596],{},[18,41594,41595],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[29,41598,41599,41601],{},[18,41600,41410],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[408,41603,41605],{"id":41604},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,41607,41608],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[52,41610,41612],{"className":54,"code":41611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[18,41613,41614,41633,41637,41643,41658,41677,41686],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41615,41616,41618,41620,41622,41624,41626,41629,41631],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41617,1580],{"class":67},[61,41619,72],{"class":71},[61,41621,7999],{"class":129},[61,41623,109],{"class":75},[61,41625,816],{"class":190},[61,41627,41628],{"class":194},"Enter a number: ",[61,41630,816],{"class":190},[61,41632,116],{"class":75},[61,41634,41635],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,41636,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,41638,41639,41641],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,41640,29559],{"class":3634},[61,41642,6152],{"class":75},[61,41644,41645,41648,41650,41652,41654,41656],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,41646,41647],{"class":67},"    number ",[61,41649,72],{"class":71},[61,41651,40012],{"class":105},[61,41653,109],{"class":75},[61,41655,1605],{"class":112},[61,41657,116],{"class":75},[61,41659,41660,41662,41664,41666,41669,41671,41673,41675],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,41661,7827],{"class":129},[61,41663,109],{"class":75},[61,41665,816],{"class":190},[61,41667,41668],{"class":194},"Converted:",[61,41670,816],{"class":190},[61,41672,83],{"class":75},[61,41674,1959],{"class":112},[61,41676,116],{"class":75},[61,41678,41679,41681,41684],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,41680,29590],{"class":3634},[61,41682,41683],{"class":105}," ValueError",[61,41685,6152],{"class":75},[61,41687,41688,41690,41692,41694,41697,41699],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,41689,7827],{"class":129},[61,41691,109],{"class":75},[61,41693,816],{"class":190},[61,41695,41696],{"class":194},"That is not a valid number.",[61,41698,816],{"class":190},[61,41700,116],{"class":75},[14,41702,41703,41704,244],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[235,41705,40653],{"href":40652},[47,41707,41709],{"id":41708},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,41711,10342,41712,4154,41714,41716],{},[18,41713,2644],{},[18,41715,2637],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,41718,41719,41721],{},[18,41720,2644],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[52,41723,41725],{"className":54,"code":41724,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,41726,41727],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41728,41729,41731,41733,41735,41737,41739,41742,41744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41730,130],{"class":129},[61,41732,109],{"class":75},[61,41734,1954],{"class":105},[61,41736,109],{"class":75},[61,41738,816],{"class":190},[61,41740,41741],{"class":194},"3.9",[61,41743,816],{"class":190},[61,41745,154],{"class":75},[14,41747,157],{},[52,41749,41751],{"className":54,"code":41750,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.9\n",[18,41752,41753],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41754,41755],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41756,41750],{"class":79},[14,41758,41759,41761],{},[18,41760,2637],{}," creates whole numbers:",[52,41763,41765],{"className":54,"code":41764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[18,41766,41767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41768,41769,41771,41773,41775,41777,41779,41781,41783],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41770,130],{"class":129},[61,41772,109],{"class":75},[61,41774,1279],{"class":105},[61,41776,109],{"class":75},[61,41778,816],{"class":190},[61,41780,430],{"class":194},[61,41782,816],{"class":190},[61,41784,154],{"class":75},[14,41786,157],{},[52,41788,41789],{"className":54,"code":2137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,41790,41791],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41792,41793],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41794,2137],{"class":79},[14,41796,41797,41798,41801],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,41799,41800],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[52,41803,41805],{"className":54,"code":41804,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,41806,41807],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41808,41809,41811,41813,41815,41817,41819,41821,41823],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41810,130],{"class":129},[61,41812,109],{"class":75},[61,41814,1279],{"class":105},[61,41816,109],{"class":75},[61,41818,816],{"class":190},[61,41820,41741],{"class":194},[61,41822,816],{"class":190},[61,41824,154],{"class":75},[14,41826,2761,41827,8360,41829,41832],{},[18,41828,40461],{},[18,41830,41831],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,41834,10464],{},[26,41836,41837,41843],{},[29,41838,41839,41842],{},[18,41840,41841],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[29,41844,41845,41847],{},[18,41846,41800],{}," fails",[14,41849,41850,41851,41854,41855,41857],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[235,41852,41853],{"href":2634},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[235,41856,2181],{"href":2180}," helpful.",[47,41859,1620],{"id":1619},[408,41861,41863],{"id":41862},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,41865,41866,41867,2638,41869,244],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[18,41868,2250],{},[18,41870,39900],{},[408,41872,41874],{"id":41873},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,41876,41877,41878,2638,41881,244],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[18,41879,41880],{},"\"2.5\"",[18,41882,41883],{},"\"10\"",[408,41885,41887],{"id":41886},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,41889,28818,41890,41892,41893,244],{},[18,41891,41286],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[18,41894,40461],{},[408,41896,41898],{"id":41897},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,41900,4911,41901,244],{},[18,41902,3526],{},[408,41904,41906],{"id":41905},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,41908,41909,41910,41912,41913,4154,41916,41912,41918,244],{},"Yes. ",[18,41911,3361],{}," becomes ",[18,41914,41915],{},"1.0",[18,41917,3431],{},[18,41919,3526],{},[47,41921,1664],{"id":1663},[26,41923,41924,41928,41934,41939,41943,41947],{},[29,41925,41926],{},[235,41927,41853],{"href":2634},[29,41929,41930],{},[235,41931,41933],{"href":41932},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[29,41935,41936],{},[235,41937,41938],{"href":40648},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[29,41940,41941],{},[235,41942,8817],{"href":8739},[29,41944,41945],{},[235,41946,40653],{"href":40652},[29,41948,41949],{},[235,41950,41951],{"href":7976},"Python input() Function Explained",[1693,41953,41954],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":41956},[41957,41958,41959,41960,41967,41972,41973,41980,41985,41992,41993,42000],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":39947,"depth":97,"text":39948},{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":40172,"depth":97,"text":40173,"children":41961},[41962,41963,41964,41965,41966],{"id":40181,"depth":119,"text":40182},{"id":40245,"depth":119,"text":40246},{"id":40309,"depth":119,"text":40310},{"id":40351,"depth":119,"text":40352},{"id":40406,"depth":119,"text":40407},{"id":40445,"depth":97,"text":40446,"children":41968},[41969,41970,41971],{"id":40454,"depth":119,"text":40455},{"id":40540,"depth":119,"text":40541},{"id":40610,"depth":119,"text":40611},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":40801,"depth":97,"text":40802,"children":41974},[41975,41977,41978,41979],{"id":40805,"depth":119,"text":41976},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40898,"depth":119,"text":40899},{"id":40984,"depth":119,"text":40985},{"id":41046,"depth":119,"text":41047},{"id":41106,"depth":97,"text":41107,"children":41981},[41982,41983,41984],{"id":41115,"depth":119,"text":41116},{"id":41154,"depth":119,"text":41155},{"id":41195,"depth":119,"text":41196},{"id":41260,"depth":97,"text":41261,"children":41986},[41987,41988,41989,41990,41991],{"id":41270,"depth":119,"text":40461},{"id":41336,"depth":119,"text":1272},{"id":41403,"depth":119,"text":41404},{"id":41477,"depth":119,"text":41478},{"id":41604,"depth":119,"text":41605},{"id":41708,"depth":97,"text":41709},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":41994},[41995,41996,41997,41998,41999],{"id":41862,"depth":119,"text":41863},{"id":41873,"depth":119,"text":41874},{"id":41886,"depth":119,"text":41887},{"id":41897,"depth":119,"text":41898},{"id":41905,"depth":119,"text":41906},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39848,"description":42001},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42008,"title":42009,"body":42010,"description":43231,"extension":1727,"meta":43232,"navigation":122,"path":34779,"seo":43233,"stem":43234,"__hash__":43235},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42011,"toc":43197},[42012,42015,42020,42023,42025,42064,42078,42082,42087,42090,42107,42110,42120,42135,42138,42140,42143,42159,42162,42165,42185,42189,42200,42203,42207,42211,42225,42260,42264,42275,42310,42313,42315,42323,42356,42372,42374,42384,42405,42416,42418,42423,42426,42440,42442,42461,42464,42477,42480,42484,42488,42502,42505,42523,42526,42541,42545,42550,42564,42570,42572,42629,42631,42664,42667,42683,42687,42694,42698,42703,42706,42717,42721,42726,42741,42750,42755,42774,42777,42789,42791,42796,42806,42809,42838,42843,42852,42856,42861,42864,42868,42873,42875,42905,42908,42915,42920,42925,42929,42932,42940,42943,43021,43024,43046,43048,43052,43055,43059,43065,43128,43132,43140,43144,43147,43149,43174,43194],[10,42013,42009],{"id":42014},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42016,3339,42017,42019],{},[18,42018,34782],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42021,42022],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[47,42024,50],{"id":49},[52,42026,42028],{"className":54,"code":42027,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[18,42029,42030,42040,42050],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42031,42032,42034,42036,42038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42033,31908],{"class":129},[61,42035,109],{"class":75},[61,42037,10914],{"class":129},[61,42039,116],{"class":75},[61,42041,42042,42044,42046,42048],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42043,31908],{"class":129},[61,42045,109],{"class":75},[61,42047,3199],{"class":105},[61,42049,116],{"class":75},[61,42051,42052,42054,42056,42058,42060,42062],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,42053,31908],{"class":129},[61,42055,109],{"class":75},[61,42057,198],{"class":190},[61,42059,34415],{"class":194},[61,42061,198],{"class":190},[61,42063,116],{"class":75},[14,42065,204,42066,42068,42069,2638,42071,42073,42074,42077],{},[18,42067,34782],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[18,42070,10914],{},[18,42072,3199],{},", or use a string such as ",[18,42075,42076],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[47,42079,42081],{"id":42080},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42083,42084,42086],{},[18,42085,34782],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42088,42089],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[26,42091,42092,42095,42098,42101,42104],{},[29,42093,42094],{},"Functions",[29,42096,42097],{},"Classes",[29,42099,42100],{},"Methods",[29,42102,42103],{},"Modules",[29,42105,42106],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42108,42109],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42111,42112,42113,42119],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[235,42114,42116],{"href":42115},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[18,42117,42118],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[52,42121,42123],{"className":54,"code":42122,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\n",[18,42124,42125],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42126,42127,42129,42131,42133],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42128,31908],{"class":129},[61,42130,109],{"class":75},[61,42132,10914],{"class":129},[61,42134,116],{"class":75},[14,42136,42137],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[47,42139,248],{"id":247},[14,42141,42142],{},"The main form is:",[52,42144,42146],{"className":54,"code":42145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(object)\n",[18,42147,42148],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42149,42150,42152,42154,42157],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42151,31908],{"class":129},[61,42153,109],{"class":75},[61,42155,42156],{"class":105},"object",[61,42158,116],{"class":75},[14,42160,42161],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42163,42164],{},"Common examples include:",[26,42166,42167,42171,42176,42180],{},[29,42168,42169],{},[18,42170,10914],{},[29,42172,42173],{},[18,42174,42175],{},"list.append",[29,42177,42178],{},[18,42179,3199],{},[29,42181,42182],{},[18,42183,42184],{},"open",[14,42186,6936,42187,6939],{},[18,42188,34782],{},[52,42190,42192],{"className":54,"code":42191,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help()\n",[18,42193,42194],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42195,42196,42198],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42197,31908],{"class":129},[61,42199,263],{"class":75},[14,42201,42202],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[47,42204,42206],{"id":42205},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[408,42208,42210],{"id":42209},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42212,42213,42214,1951,42216,1951,42218,16829,42221,244],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[18,42215,10914],{},[18,42217,130],{},[18,42219,42220],{},"input",[235,42222,42223],{"href":2060},[18,42224,2063],{},[52,42226,42228],{"className":54,"code":42227,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[18,42229,42230,42240,42250],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42231,42232,42234,42236,42238],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42233,31908],{"class":129},[61,42235,109],{"class":75},[61,42237,130],{"class":129},[61,42239,116],{"class":75},[61,42241,42242,42244,42246,42248],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42243,31908],{"class":129},[61,42245,109],{"class":75},[61,42247,42220],{"class":129},[61,42249,116],{"class":75},[61,42251,42252,42254,42256,42258],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,42253,31908],{"class":129},[61,42255,109],{"class":75},[61,42257,147],{"class":105},[61,42259,116],{"class":75},[408,42261,42263],{"id":42262},"data-types","Data types",[14,42265,42266,42267,1951,42269,1951,42271,16829,42273,244],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[18,42268,3199],{},[18,42270,7852],{},[18,42272,8580],{},[18,42274,6046],{},[52,42276,42278],{"className":54,"code":42277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[18,42279,42280,42290,42300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42281,42282,42284,42286,42288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42283,31908],{"class":129},[61,42285,109],{"class":75},[61,42287,3199],{"class":105},[61,42289,116],{"class":75},[61,42291,42292,42294,42296,42298],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42293,31908],{"class":129},[61,42295,109],{"class":75},[61,42297,7852],{"class":105},[61,42299,116],{"class":75},[61,42301,42302,42304,42306,42308],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,42303,31908],{"class":129},[61,42305,109],{"class":75},[61,42307,8580],{"class":105},[61,42309,116],{"class":75},[14,42311,42312],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[408,42314,42100],{"id":34262},[14,42316,42317,42318,4154,42321,244],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[18,42319,42320],{},"str.split",[18,42322,42175],{},[52,42324,42326],{"className":54,"code":42325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[18,42327,42328,42342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42329,42330,42332,42334,42336,42338,42340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42331,31908],{"class":129},[61,42333,109],{"class":75},[61,42335,3199],{"class":105},[61,42337,244],{"class":75},[61,42339,34225],{"class":24507},[61,42341,116],{"class":75},[61,42343,42344,42346,42348,42350,42352,42354],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42345,31908],{"class":129},[61,42347,109],{"class":75},[61,42349,7852],{"class":105},[61,42351,244],{"class":75},[61,42353,13308],{"class":24507},[61,42355,116],{"class":75},[14,42357,42358,42359,8463,42361,28070,42366,42368,42369,42371],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[18,42360,34782],{},[235,42362,42364],{"href":42363},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[18,42365,34067],{},[18,42367,34067],{}," shows available names, while ",[18,42370,34782],{}," explains one of them.",[408,42373,42103],{"id":34415},[14,42375,42376,42377,1951,42379,16829,42381,244],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[18,42378,18173],{},[18,42380,34945],{},[18,42382,42383],{},"os",[52,42385,42387],{"className":54,"code":42386,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[18,42388,42389,42395],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42390,42391,42393],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42392,34846],{"class":3634},[61,42394,34849],{"class":67},[61,42396,42397,42399,42401,42403],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42398,31908],{"class":129},[61,42400,109],{"class":75},[61,42402,18173],{"class":112},[61,42404,116],{"class":75},[14,42406,42407,42408,42412,42413,244],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[235,42409,42411],{"href":42410},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[235,42414,34912],{"href":42415},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[47,42417,34673],{"id":34672},[14,42419,42420,42422],{},[18,42421,34782],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42424,42425],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[26,42427,42428,42431,42434,42437],{},[29,42429,42430],{},"The function signature",[29,42432,42433],{},"The short description",[29,42435,42436],{},"Parameter names",[29,42438,42439],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42441,1570],{},[52,42443,42445],{"className":54,"code":42444,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str.split)\n",[18,42446,42447],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42448,42449,42451,42453,42455,42457,42459],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42450,31908],{"class":129},[61,42452,109],{"class":75},[61,42454,3199],{"class":105},[61,42456,244],{"class":75},[61,42458,34225],{"class":24507},[61,42460,116],{"class":75},[14,42462,42463],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[26,42465,42466,42469,42472,42474],{},[29,42467,42468],{},"What object this is",[29,42470,42471],{},"What arguments it accepts",[29,42473,21727],{},[29,42475,42476],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42478,42479],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[47,42481,42483],{"id":42482},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42485,42486,29629],{},[18,42487,34782],{},[26,42489,42490,42493,42496,42499],{},[29,42491,42492],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[29,42494,42495],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[29,42497,42498],{},"You are exploring a new module",[29,42500,42501],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42503,42504],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[52,42506,42507],{"className":54,"code":42444,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,42508,42509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42510,42511,42513,42515,42517,42519,42521],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42512,31908],{"class":129},[61,42514,109],{"class":75},[61,42516,3199],{"class":105},[61,42518,244],{"class":75},[61,42520,34225],{"class":24507},[61,42522,116],{"class":75},[14,42524,42525],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[52,42527,42529],{"className":54,"code":42528,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(open)\n",[18,42530,42531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42532,42533,42535,42537,42539],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42534,31908],{"class":129},[61,42536,109],{"class":75},[61,42538,42184],{"class":129},[61,42540,116],{"class":75},[47,42542,42544],{"id":42543},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42546,42547,42549],{},[18,42548,34782],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[26,42551,42552,42555,42558,42561],{},[29,42553,42554],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[29,42556,42557],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[29,42559,42560],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[29,42562,42563],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42565,42566,42567,42569],{},"So, ",[18,42568,34782],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42571,1570],{},[52,42573,42575],{"className":54,"code":42574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,42576,42577,42590,42614,42618],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42578,42579,42581,42583,42585,42588],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42580,517],{"class":67},[61,42582,72],{"class":71},[61,42584,522],{"class":190},[61,42586,42587],{"class":194},"a,b,c",[61,42589,528],{"class":190},[61,42591,42592,42595,42597,42600,42602,42604,42606,42608,42610,42612],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42593,42594],{"class":67},"parts ",[61,42596,72],{"class":71},[61,42598,42599],{"class":67}," text",[61,42601,244],{"class":75},[61,42603,34225],{"class":112},[61,42605,109],{"class":75},[61,42607,816],{"class":190},[61,42609,83],{"class":194},[61,42611,816],{"class":190},[61,42613,116],{"class":75},[61,42615,42616],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,42617,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,42619,42620,42622,42624,42627],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,42621,130],{"class":129},[61,42623,109],{"class":75},[61,42625,42626],{"class":112},"parts",[61,42628,116],{"class":75},[14,42630,5318],{},[52,42632,42634],{"className":54,"code":42633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,42635,42636],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42637,42638,42640,42642,42644,42646,42648,42650,42652,42654,42656,42658,42660,42662],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42639,3658],{"class":75},[61,42641,198],{"class":190},[61,42643,235],{"class":194},[61,42645,198],{"class":190},[61,42647,83],{"class":75},[61,42649,191],{"class":190},[61,42651,1480],{"class":194},[61,42653,198],{"class":190},[61,42655,83],{"class":75},[61,42657,191],{"class":190},[61,42659,573],{"class":194},[61,42661,198],{"class":190},[61,42663,94],{"class":75},[14,42665,42666],{},"A good workflow is:",[28470,42668,42669,42674,42677,42680],{},[29,42670,204,42671,42673],{},[18,42672,34782],{}," to inspect something",[29,42675,42676],{},"Write a tiny example",[29,42678,42679],{},"Check the result",[29,42681,42682],{},"Repeat",[47,42684,42686],{"id":42685},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,42688,42689,4154,42691,42693],{},[18,42690,34782],{},[18,42692,34067],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[408,42695,42696],{"id":31908},[18,42697,34782],{},[14,42699,204,42700,42702],{},[18,42701,34782],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,42704,42705],{},"It tells you:",[26,42707,42708,42711,42714],{},[29,42709,42710],{},"What something is",[29,42712,42713],{},"How to use it",[29,42715,42716],{},"What parameters it accepts",[408,42718,42719],{"id":34128},[18,42720,34067],{},[14,42722,204,42723,42725],{},[18,42724,34067],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[52,42727,42729],{"className":54,"code":42728,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dir(str)\n",[18,42730,42731],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42732,42733,42735,42737,42739],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42734,34128],{"class":129},[61,42736,109],{"class":75},[61,42738,3199],{"class":105},[61,42740,116],{"class":75},[14,42742,42743,42744,1951,42746,16829,42748,244],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[18,42745,34225],{},[18,42747,8393],{},[18,42749,8399],{},[14,42751,42752,42753,824],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[18,42754,34782],{},[52,42756,42758],{"className":54,"code":42757,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str.lower)\n",[18,42759,42760],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42761,42762,42764,42766,42768,42770,42772],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42763,31908],{"class":129},[61,42765,109],{"class":75},[61,42767,3199],{"class":105},[61,42769,244],{"class":75},[61,42771,8399],{"class":24507},[61,42773,116],{"class":75},[14,42775,42776],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[26,42778,42779,42784],{},[29,42780,204,42781,42783],{},[18,42782,34067],{}," to discover options",[29,42785,204,42786,42788],{},[18,42787,34782],{}," to understand one option",[47,42790,2590],{"id":2589},[14,42792,42793,42794,244],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[18,42795,34782],{},[408,42797,8175,42799,42802,42803],{"id":42798},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[18,42800,42801],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[18,42804,42805],{},"help(len)",[14,42807,42808],{},"These are not always the same.",[52,42810,42812],{"className":54,"code":42811,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[18,42813,42814,42824],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42815,42816,42818,42820,42822],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42817,31908],{"class":129},[61,42819,109],{"class":75},[61,42821,10914],{"class":129},[61,42823,116],{"class":75},[61,42825,42826,42828,42830,42832,42834,42836],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42827,31908],{"class":129},[61,42829,109],{"class":75},[61,42831,198],{"class":190},[61,42833,10914],{"class":194},[61,42835,198],{"class":190},[61,42837,116],{"class":75},[14,42839,42840,42842],{},[18,42841,42805],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,42844,42845,42847,42848,42851],{},[18,42846,42801],{}," treats ",[18,42849,42850],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[408,42853,42855],{"id":42854},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,42857,42858,42860],{},[18,42859,34782],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,42862,42863],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[408,42865,42867],{"id":42866},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,42869,40100,42870,42872],{},[18,42871,34782],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,42874,1109],{},[52,42876,42878],{"className":54,"code":42877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[18,42879,42880,42890],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42881,42882,42884,42886,42888],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42883,31908],{"class":129},[61,42885,109],{"class":75},[61,42887,10914],{"class":129},[61,42889,116],{"class":75},[61,42891,42892,42894,42896,42898,42901,42903],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42893,130],{"class":129},[61,42895,109],{"class":75},[61,42897,816],{"class":190},[61,42899,42900],{"class":194},"Done",[61,42902,816],{"class":190},[61,42904,116],{"class":75},[14,42906,42907],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[408,42909,36960,42911,8463,42913],{"id":42910},"confusing-help-with-dir",[18,42912,34782],{},[18,42914,34067],{},[14,42916,42917,42918,244],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[18,42919,34067],{},[14,42921,42922,42923,244],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[18,42924,34782],{},[47,42926,42928],{"id":42927},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,42930,42931],{},"Open Python:",[52,42933,42934],{"className":54,"code":35298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,42935,42936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42937,42938],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42939,35298],{"class":67},[14,42941,42942],{},"Then test these commands:",[52,42944,42946],{"className":54,"code":42945,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[18,42947,42948,42958,42972,42986,42996,43011],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42949,42950,42952,42954,42956],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42951,31908],{"class":129},[61,42953,109],{"class":75},[61,42955,10914],{"class":129},[61,42957,116],{"class":75},[61,42959,42960,42962,42964,42966,42968,42970],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,42961,31908],{"class":129},[61,42963,109],{"class":75},[61,42965,3199],{"class":105},[61,42967,244],{"class":75},[61,42969,34225],{"class":24507},[61,42971,116],{"class":75},[61,42973,42974,42976,42978,42980,42982,42984],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,42975,31908],{"class":129},[61,42977,109],{"class":75},[61,42979,7852],{"class":105},[61,42981,244],{"class":75},[61,42983,13308],{"class":24507},[61,42985,116],{"class":75},[61,42987,42988,42990,42992,42994],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,42989,31908],{"class":129},[61,42991,109],{"class":75},[61,42993,42184],{"class":129},[61,42995,116],{"class":75},[61,42997,42998,43000,43002,43004,43007,43009],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,42999,31908],{"class":129},[61,43001,109],{"class":75},[61,43003,198],{"class":190},[61,43005,43006],{"class":194},"keywords",[61,43008,198],{"class":190},[61,43010,116],{"class":75},[61,43012,43013,43015,43017,43019],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,43014,34128],{"class":129},[61,43016,109],{"class":75},[61,43018,3199],{"class":105},[61,43020,116],{"class":75},[14,43022,43023],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[26,43025,43026,43029,43032,43035,43038,43041],{},[29,43027,43028],{},"A built-in function",[29,43030,43031],{},"A string method",[29,43033,43034],{},"A list method",[29,43036,43037],{},"A built-in file function",[29,43039,43040],{},"A special help topic",[29,43042,14944,43043,43045],{},[18,43044,34067],{}," example for comparison",[47,43047,1620],{"id":1619},[408,43049,43051],{"id":43050},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43053,43054],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[408,43056,43058],{"id":43057},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43060,43061,43062,43064],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[18,43063,34782],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[52,43066,43068],{"className":54,"code":43067,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[18,43069,43070,43082,43095,43114,43118],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43071,43072,43074,43076,43078,43080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43073,34606],{"class":186},[61,43075,34610],{"class":34609},[61,43077,109],{"class":75},[61,43079,819],{"class":37419},[61,43081,8099],{"class":75},[61,43083,43084,43088,43092],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43085,43087],{"class":43086},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[61,43089,43091],{"class":43090},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[61,43093,43094],{"class":43086},"\"\"\"\n",[61,43096,43097,43099,43102,43105,43107,43109,43111],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,43098,34617],{"class":3634},[61,43100,43101],{"class":186}," f",[61,43103,43104],{"class":194},"\"Hello, ",[61,43106,9033],{"class":79},[61,43108,819],{"class":67},[61,43110,22060],{"class":79},[61,43112,43113],{"class":194},"!\"\n",[61,43115,43116],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,43117,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,43119,43120,43122,43124,43126],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,43121,31908],{"class":129},[61,43123,109],{"class":75},[61,43125,34652],{"class":112},[61,43127,116],{"class":75},[408,43129,43131],{"id":43130},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43133,43134,43136,43137,43139],{},[18,43135,42805],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[18,43138,42801],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[408,43141,43143],{"id":43142},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43145,43146],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[47,43148,1664],{"id":1663},[26,43150,43151,43156,43160,43165,43170],{},[29,43152,43153],{},[235,43154,43155],{"href":42363},"Python dir() function explained",[29,43157,43158],{},[235,43159,8200],{"href":2060},[29,43161,43162],{},[235,43163,43164],{"href":42115},"Python len() function explained",[29,43166,43167],{},[235,43168,43169],{"href":42410},"How import works in Python",[29,43171,43172],{},[235,43173,34912],{"href":42415},[14,43175,43176,43177,43179,43180,1951,43182,16829,43184,43186,43187,2638,43190,43193],{},"Try ",[18,43178,34782],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[18,43181,10914],{},[18,43183,130],{},[18,43185,42220],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[18,43188,43189],{},"dir(str)",[18,43191,43192],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1693,43195,43196],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":43198},[43199,43200,43201,43202,43208,43209,43210,43211,43215,43223,43224,43230],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":42080,"depth":97,"text":42081},{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":42205,"depth":97,"text":42206,"children":43203},[43204,43205,43206,43207],{"id":42209,"depth":119,"text":42210},{"id":42262,"depth":119,"text":42263},{"id":34262,"depth":119,"text":42100},{"id":34415,"depth":119,"text":42103},{"id":34672,"depth":97,"text":34673},{"id":42482,"depth":97,"text":42483},{"id":42543,"depth":97,"text":42544},{"id":42685,"depth":97,"text":42686,"children":43212},[43213,43214],{"id":31908,"depth":119,"text":34782},{"id":34128,"depth":119,"text":34067},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":43216},[43217,43219,43220,43221],{"id":42798,"depth":119,"text":43218},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42854,"depth":119,"text":42855},{"id":42866,"depth":119,"text":42867},{"id":42910,"depth":119,"text":43222},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42927,"depth":97,"text":42928},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":43225},[43226,43227,43228,43229],{"id":43050,"depth":119,"text":43051},{"id":43057,"depth":119,"text":43058},{"id":43130,"depth":119,"text":43131},{"id":43142,"depth":119,"text":43143},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42009,"description":43231},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43237,"title":43238,"body":43239,"description":44600,"extension":1727,"meta":44601,"navigation":122,"path":44602,"seo":44603,"stem":44604,"__hash__":44605},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43240,"toc":44573},[43241,43247,43252,43258,43268,43327,43337,43348,43353,43359,43361,43379,43387,43389,43391,43406,43409,43420,43422,43513,43516,43520,43525,43546,43548,43659,43661,43688,43699,43703,43706,43789,43791,43799,43805,43811,43815,43818,43928,43930,43943,43946,43960,43968,43975,43980,43994,44000,44113,44115,44176,44179,44185,44190,44193,44215,44218,44288,44291,44323,44330,44332,44335,44353,44356,44368,44374,44376,44381,44407,44410,44482,44484,44490,44493,44499,44502,44508,44518,44524,44527,44534,44537,44539,44570],[10,43242,3332,43244,3336],{"id":43243},"python-id-function-explained",[18,43245,43246],{},"id()",[14,43248,32073,43249,43251],{},[18,43250,43246],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43253,43254,43255,43257],{},"Beginners usually see ",[18,43256,43246],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43259,204,43260,43262,43263,43265,43266,244],{},[18,43261,43246],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[603,43264,605],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[18,43267,4450],{},[52,43269,43271],{"className":54,"code":43270,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[18,43272,43273,43285,43299,43303,43313],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43274,43275,43277,43279,43281,43283],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43276,7634],{"class":67},[61,43278,72],{"class":71},[61,43280,522],{"class":190},[61,43282,7057],{"class":194},[61,43284,528],{"class":190},[61,43286,43287,43289,43291,43293,43295,43297],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43288,130],{"class":129},[61,43290,109],{"class":75},[61,43292,12404],{"class":129},[61,43294,109],{"class":75},[61,43296,819],{"class":112},[61,43298,154],{"class":75},[61,43300,43301],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,43302,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,43304,43305,43308,43310],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,43306,43307],{"class":67},"other ",[61,43309,72],{"class":71},[61,43311,43312],{"class":67}," name\n",[61,43314,43315,43317,43319,43321,43323,43325],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,43316,130],{"class":129},[61,43318,109],{"class":75},[61,43320,12404],{"class":129},[61,43322,109],{"class":75},[61,43324,30498],{"class":112},[61,43326,154],{"class":75},[14,43328,43329,43330,43333,43334,43336],{},"In this example, ",[18,43331,43332],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[18,43335,43246],{}," values match.",[43338,43339,43340],"blockquote",{},[14,43341,204,43342,43344,43345,43347],{},[18,43343,43246],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[18,43346,4450],{}," for value comparison.",[47,43349,3435,43351,3438],{"id":43350},"what-id-does",[18,43352,43246],{},[14,43354,43355,43358],{},[18,43356,43357],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43360,12807],{},[26,43362,43363,43366,43373,43376],{},[29,43364,43365],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[29,43367,43368,43369,43372],{},"It shows ",[603,43370,43371],{},"object identity",", not object value",[29,43374,43375],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[29,43377,43378],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43380,43381,43382,43386],{},"This is closely related to how ",[235,43383,43385],{"href":43384},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[47,43388,248],{"id":247},[14,43390,5195],{},[52,43392,43394],{"className":54,"code":43393,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"id(object)\n",[18,43395,43396],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43397,43398,43400,43402,43404],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43399,12404],{"class":129},[61,43401,109],{"class":75},[61,43403,42156],{"class":105},[61,43405,116],{"class":75},[14,43407,43408],{},"Important details:",[26,43410,43411,43414,43417],{},[29,43412,43413],{},"It takes one argument",[29,43415,43416],{},"It returns an integer",[29,43418,43419],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43421,1109],{},[52,43423,43425],{"className":54,"code":43424,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[18,43426,43427,43439,43447,43467,43471,43485,43499],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43428,43429,43431,43433,43435,43437],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43430,517],{"class":67},[61,43432,72],{"class":71},[61,43434,522],{"class":190},[61,43436,1323],{"class":194},[61,43438,528],{"class":190},[61,43440,43441,43443,43445],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43442,1979],{"class":67},[61,43444,72],{"class":71},[61,43446,2528],{"class":79},[61,43448,43449,43451,43453,43455,43457,43459,43461,43463,43465],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,43450,7539],{"class":67},[61,43452,72],{"class":71},[61,43454,76],{"class":75},[61,43456,80],{"class":79},[61,43458,83],{"class":75},[61,43460,86],{"class":79},[61,43462,83],{"class":75},[61,43464,91],{"class":79},[61,43466,94],{"class":75},[61,43468,43469],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,43470,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,43472,43473,43475,43477,43479,43481,43483],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,43474,130],{"class":129},[61,43476,109],{"class":75},[61,43478,12404],{"class":129},[61,43480,109],{"class":75},[61,43482,541],{"class":112},[61,43484,154],{"class":75},[61,43486,43487,43489,43491,43493,43495,43497],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,43488,130],{"class":129},[61,43490,109],{"class":75},[61,43492,12404],{"class":129},[61,43494,109],{"class":75},[61,43496,2001],{"class":112},[61,43498,154],{"class":75},[61,43500,43501,43503,43505,43507,43509,43511],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,43502,130],{"class":129},[61,43504,109],{"class":75},[61,43506,12404],{"class":129},[61,43508,109],{"class":75},[61,43510,993],{"class":112},[61,43512,154],{"class":75},[14,43514,43515],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[47,43517,43519],{"id":43518},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43521,43522,43523,244],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[18,43524,43246],{},[26,43526,43527,43534,43541],{},[29,43528,43529,43531,43532],{},[18,43530,4450],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[603,43533,1605],{},[29,43535,43536,43538,43539],{},[18,43537,11948],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[603,43540,42156],{},[29,43542,43543,43545],{},[18,43544,43246],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43547,1109],{},[52,43549,43551],{"className":54,"code":43550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[18,43552,43553,43573,43593,43597,43614,43631,43645],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43554,43555,43557,43559,43561,43563,43565,43567,43569,43571],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43556,2313],{"class":67},[61,43558,72],{"class":71},[61,43560,76],{"class":75},[61,43562,80],{"class":79},[61,43564,83],{"class":75},[61,43566,86],{"class":79},[61,43568,83],{"class":75},[61,43570,91],{"class":79},[61,43572,94],{"class":75},[61,43574,43575,43577,43579,43581,43583,43585,43587,43589,43591],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43576,2341],{"class":67},[61,43578,72],{"class":71},[61,43580,76],{"class":75},[61,43582,80],{"class":79},[61,43584,83],{"class":75},[61,43586,86],{"class":79},[61,43588,83],{"class":75},[61,43590,91],{"class":79},[61,43592,94],{"class":75},[61,43594,43595],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,43596,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,43598,43599,43601,43603,43605,43607,43609,43611],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,43600,130],{"class":129},[61,43602,109],{"class":75},[61,43604,2313],{"class":112},[61,43606,4450],{"class":71},[61,43608,2318],{"class":112},[61,43610,3417],{"class":75},[61,43612,43613],{"class":3420},"   # True\n",[61,43615,43616,43618,43620,43622,43624,43626,43628],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,43617,130],{"class":129},[61,43619,109],{"class":75},[61,43621,2313],{"class":112},[61,43623,11948],{"class":3634},[61,43625,2318],{"class":112},[61,43627,3417],{"class":75},[61,43629,43630],{"class":3420},"   # False\n",[61,43632,43633,43635,43637,43639,43641,43643],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,43634,130],{"class":129},[61,43636,109],{"class":75},[61,43638,12404],{"class":129},[61,43640,109],{"class":75},[61,43642,235],{"class":112},[61,43644,154],{"class":75},[61,43646,43647,43649,43651,43653,43655,43657],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,43648,130],{"class":129},[61,43650,109],{"class":75},[61,43652,12404],{"class":129},[61,43654,109],{"class":75},[61,43656,1480],{"class":112},[61,43658,154],{"class":75},[14,43660,1941],{},[26,43662,43663,43671,43679],{},[29,43664,43665,4545,43668,43670],{},[18,43666,43667],{},"a == b",[18,43669,3361],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[29,43672,43673,4545,43676,43678],{},[18,43674,43675],{},"a is b",[18,43677,3431],{}," because they are different list objects",[29,43680,43681,4154,43684,43687],{},[18,43682,43683],{},"id(a)",[18,43685,43686],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43689,43690,43691,4154,43695,244],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[235,43692,43694],{"href":43693},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[235,43696,43698],{"href":43697},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[47,43700,43702],{"id":43701},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,43704,43705],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[52,43707,43709],{"className":54,"code":43708,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[18,43710,43711,43731,43741,43745,43759,43774],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43712,43713,43715,43717,43719,43721,43723,43725,43727,43729],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43714,68],{"class":67},[61,43716,72],{"class":71},[61,43718,76],{"class":75},[61,43720,430],{"class":79},[61,43722,83],{"class":75},[61,43724,435],{"class":79},[61,43726,83],{"class":75},[61,43728,440],{"class":79},[61,43730,94],{"class":75},[61,43732,43733,43736,43738],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43734,43735],{"class":67},"other_numbers ",[61,43737,72],{"class":71},[61,43739,43740],{"class":67}," numbers\n",[61,43742,43743],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,43744,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,43746,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755,43757],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,43748,130],{"class":129},[61,43750,109],{"class":75},[61,43752,12404],{"class":129},[61,43754,109],{"class":75},[61,43756,113],{"class":112},[61,43758,154],{"class":75},[61,43760,43761,43763,43765,43767,43769,43772],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,43762,130],{"class":129},[61,43764,109],{"class":75},[61,43766,12404],{"class":129},[61,43768,109],{"class":75},[61,43770,43771],{"class":112},"other_numbers",[61,43773,154],{"class":75},[61,43775,43776,43778,43780,43782,43784,43787],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,43777,130],{"class":129},[61,43779,109],{"class":75},[61,43781,68],{"class":112},[61,43783,11948],{"class":3634},[61,43785,43786],{"class":112}," other_numbers",[61,43788,116],{"class":75},[14,43790,5318],{},[52,43792,43793],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,43794,43795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43796,43797],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43798,3738],{"class":3609},[14,43800,43801,43802,43804],{},"The two ",[18,43803,43246],{}," values will also match.",[14,43806,21946,43807,43810],{},[18,43808,43809],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[47,43812,43814],{"id":43813},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,43816,43817],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[52,43819,43821],{"className":54,"code":43820,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[18,43822,43823,43844,43865,43869,43884,43898,43913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43824,43825,43828,43830,43832,43834,43836,43838,43840,43842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43826,43827],{"class":67},"list_a ",[61,43829,72],{"class":71},[61,43831,76],{"class":75},[61,43833,80],{"class":79},[61,43835,83],{"class":75},[61,43837,86],{"class":79},[61,43839,83],{"class":75},[61,43841,91],{"class":79},[61,43843,94],{"class":75},[61,43845,43846,43849,43851,43853,43855,43857,43859,43861,43863],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43847,43848],{"class":67},"list_b ",[61,43850,72],{"class":71},[61,43852,76],{"class":75},[61,43854,80],{"class":79},[61,43856,83],{"class":75},[61,43858,86],{"class":79},[61,43860,83],{"class":75},[61,43862,91],{"class":79},[61,43864,94],{"class":75},[61,43866,43867],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,43868,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,43870,43871,43873,43875,43877,43879,43882],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,43872,130],{"class":129},[61,43874,109],{"class":75},[61,43876,43827],{"class":112},[61,43878,4450],{"class":71},[61,43880,43881],{"class":112}," list_b",[61,43883,116],{"class":75},[61,43885,43886,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,43887,130],{"class":129},[61,43889,109],{"class":75},[61,43891,43827],{"class":112},[61,43893,11948],{"class":3634},[61,43895,43881],{"class":112},[61,43897,116],{"class":75},[61,43899,43900,43902,43904,43906,43908,43911],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,43901,130],{"class":129},[61,43903,109],{"class":75},[61,43905,12404],{"class":129},[61,43907,109],{"class":75},[61,43909,43910],{"class":112},"list_a",[61,43912,154],{"class":75},[61,43914,43915,43917,43919,43921,43923,43926],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,43916,130],{"class":129},[61,43918,109],{"class":75},[61,43920,12404],{"class":129},[61,43922,109],{"class":75},[61,43924,43925],{"class":112},"list_b",[61,43927,154],{"class":75},[14,43929,5318],{},[52,43931,43933],{"className":54,"code":43932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nFalse\n",[18,43934,43935,43939],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43936,43937],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43938,3738],{"class":3609},[61,43940,43941],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,43942,3799],{"class":3609},[14,43944,43945],{},"What this means:",[26,43947,43948,43951,43954],{},[29,43949,43950],{},"The lists are equal in value",[29,43952,43953],{},"They are not the same object",[29,43955,43956,43957,43959],{},"Their ",[18,43958,43246],{}," values are usually different",[14,43961,43962,43963,43965,43966,244],{},"This is why ",[18,43964,43246],{}," should not replace ",[18,43967,4450],{},[47,43969,43971,43972,43974],{"id":43970},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[18,43973,43246],{}," is useful",[14,43976,43977,43979],{},[18,43978,43246],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[26,43981,43982,43985,43988,43991],{},[29,43983,43984],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[29,43986,43987],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[29,43989,43990],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[29,43992,43993],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,43995,43996,43997,43999],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[18,43998,43246],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[52,44001,44003],{"className":54,"code":44002,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[18,44004,44005,44029,44038,44042,44061,44065,44075,44085,44099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44006,44007,44009,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021,44023,44025,44027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44008,11840],{"class":67},[61,44010,72],{"class":71},[61,44012,76],{"class":75},[61,44014,816],{"class":190},[61,44016,235],{"class":194},[61,44018,816],{"class":190},[61,44020,83],{"class":75},[61,44022,522],{"class":190},[61,44024,1480],{"class":194},[61,44026,816],{"class":190},[61,44028,94],{"class":75},[61,44030,44031,44034,44036],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44032,44033],{"class":67},"copy_ref ",[61,44035,72],{"class":71},[61,44037,11878],{"class":67},[61,44039,44040],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,44041,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,44043,44044,44047,44049,44051,44053,44055,44057,44059],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,44045,44046],{"class":67},"copy_ref",[61,44048,244],{"class":75},[61,44050,13308],{"class":112},[61,44052,109],{"class":75},[61,44054,816],{"class":190},[61,44056,573],{"class":194},[61,44058,816],{"class":190},[61,44060,116],{"class":75},[61,44062,44063],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,44064,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,44066,44067,44069,44071,44073],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,44068,130],{"class":129},[61,44070,109],{"class":75},[61,44072,11887],{"class":112},[61,44074,116],{"class":75},[61,44076,44077,44079,44081,44083],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,44078,130],{"class":129},[61,44080,109],{"class":75},[61,44082,44046],{"class":112},[61,44084,116],{"class":75},[61,44086,44087,44089,44091,44093,44095,44097],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,44088,130],{"class":129},[61,44090,109],{"class":75},[61,44092,12404],{"class":129},[61,44094,109],{"class":75},[61,44096,11887],{"class":112},[61,44098,154],{"class":75},[61,44100,44101,44103,44105,44107,44109,44111],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,44102,130],{"class":129},[61,44104,109],{"class":75},[61,44106,12404],{"class":129},[61,44108,109],{"class":75},[61,44110,44046],{"class":112},[61,44112,154],{"class":75},[14,44114,5318],{},[52,44116,44118],{"className":54,"code":44117,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,44119,44120,44148],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44121,44122,44124,44126,44128,44130,44132,44134,44136,44138,44140,44142,44144,44146],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44123,3658],{"class":75},[61,44125,198],{"class":190},[61,44127,235],{"class":194},[61,44129,198],{"class":190},[61,44131,83],{"class":75},[61,44133,191],{"class":190},[61,44135,1480],{"class":194},[61,44137,198],{"class":190},[61,44139,83],{"class":75},[61,44141,191],{"class":190},[61,44143,573],{"class":194},[61,44145,198],{"class":190},[61,44147,94],{"class":75},[61,44149,44150,44152,44154,44156,44158,44160,44162,44164,44166,44168,44170,44172,44174],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44151,3658],{"class":75},[61,44153,198],{"class":190},[61,44155,235],{"class":194},[61,44157,198],{"class":190},[61,44159,83],{"class":75},[61,44161,191],{"class":190},[61,44163,1480],{"class":194},[61,44165,198],{"class":190},[61,44167,83],{"class":75},[61,44169,191],{"class":190},[61,44171,573],{"class":194},[61,44173,198],{"class":190},[61,44175,94],{"class":75},[14,44177,44178],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[47,44180,44182,44183],{"id":44181},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[18,44184,43246],{},[14,44186,1190,44187,44189],{},[18,44188,43246],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44191,44192],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[26,44194,44195,44201,44207,44210],{},[29,44196,44197,44198,44200],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[18,44199,4450],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[29,44202,44203,44204,44206],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[18,44205,43246],{}," values across program runs",[29,44208,44209],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[29,44211,44212,44213],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[18,44214,43246],{},[14,44216,44217],{},"Bad example:",[52,44219,44221],{"className":54,"code":44220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44222,44223,44235,44247,44251,44273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44224,44225,44227,44229,44231,44233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44226,2313],{"class":67},[61,44228,72],{"class":71},[61,44230,522],{"class":190},[61,44232,525],{"class":194},[61,44234,528],{"class":190},[61,44236,44237,44239,44241,44243,44245],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44238,2341],{"class":67},[61,44240,72],{"class":71},[61,44242,522],{"class":190},[61,44244,525],{"class":194},[61,44246,528],{"class":190},[61,44248,44249],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,44250,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,44252,44253,44255,44257,44259,44261,44263,44265,44267,44269,44271],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,44254,6758],{"class":3634},[61,44256,14571],{"class":129},[61,44258,109],{"class":75},[61,44260,235],{"class":112},[61,44262,3417],{"class":75},[61,44264,6167],{"class":71},[61,44266,14571],{"class":129},[61,44268,109],{"class":75},[61,44270,1480],{"class":112},[61,44272,8099],{"class":75},[61,44274,44275,44277,44279,44281,44284,44286],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,44276,7827],{"class":129},[61,44278,109],{"class":75},[61,44280,816],{"class":190},[61,44282,44283],{"class":194},"The values are equal",[61,44285,816],{"class":190},[61,44287,116],{"class":75},[14,44289,44290],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[52,44292,44294],{"className":54,"code":44293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44295,44296,44309],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44297,44298,44300,44303,44305,44307],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44299,6758],{"class":3634},[61,44301,44302],{"class":67}," a ",[61,44304,4450],{"class":71},[61,44306,2318],{"class":67},[61,44308,6152],{"class":75},[61,44310,44311,44313,44315,44317,44319,44321],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44312,7827],{"class":129},[61,44314,109],{"class":75},[61,44316,816],{"class":190},[61,44318,44283],{"class":194},[61,44320,816],{"class":190},[61,44322,116],{"class":75},[14,44324,204,44325,2638,44327,44329],{},[18,44326,11948],{},[18,44328,43246],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[47,44331,20557],{"id":20556},[14,44333,44334],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[26,44336,44337,44340,44343,44348],{},[29,44338,44339],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[29,44341,44342],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[29,44344,44345,44346],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[18,44347,43246],{},[29,44349,44350,44351],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[18,44352,43246],{},[14,44354,44355],{},"The important rule is:",[26,44357,44358,44363],{},[29,44359,204,44360,44362],{},[18,44361,4450],{}," to check value",[29,44364,204,44365,44367],{},[18,44366,11948],{}," to check identity",[14,44369,44370,44371,44373],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[18,44372,43246],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[47,44375,2590],{"id":2589},[14,44377,44378,44379,824],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[18,44380,43246],{},[26,44382,44383,44391,44394,44397,44402],{},[29,44384,8175,44385,44387,44388,44390],{},[18,44386,43246],{}," when ",[18,44389,4450],{}," should be used",[29,44392,44393],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[29,44395,44396],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[29,44398,44399,44400],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[18,44401,43246],{},[29,44403,8175,44404,44406],{},[18,44405,43246],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44408,44409],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[52,44411,44413],{"className":54,"code":44412,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[18,44414,44415,44430,44444,44458,44472],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44416,44417,44419,44421,44423,44425,44428],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44418,130],{"class":129},[61,44420,109],{"class":75},[61,44422,12404],{"class":129},[61,44424,109],{"class":75},[61,44426,44427],{"class":112},"my_object",[61,44429,154],{"class":75},[61,44431,44432,44434,44436,44438,44440,44442],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44433,130],{"class":129},[61,44435,109],{"class":75},[61,44437,2313],{"class":112},[61,44439,4450],{"class":71},[61,44441,2318],{"class":112},[61,44443,116],{"class":75},[61,44445,44446,44448,44450,44452,44454,44456],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,44447,130],{"class":129},[61,44449,109],{"class":75},[61,44451,2313],{"class":112},[61,44453,11948],{"class":3634},[61,44455,2318],{"class":112},[61,44457,116],{"class":75},[61,44459,44460,44462,44464,44466,44468,44470],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,44461,130],{"class":129},[61,44463,109],{"class":75},[61,44465,147],{"class":105},[61,44467,109],{"class":75},[61,44469,44427],{"class":112},[61,44471,154],{"class":75},[61,44473,44474,44476,44478,44480],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,44475,31908],{"class":129},[61,44477,109],{"class":75},[61,44479,12404],{"class":129},[61,44481,116],{"class":75},[47,44483,1620],{"id":1619},[408,44485,44487,44488,12471],{"id":44486},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[18,44489,43246],{},[14,44491,44492],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[408,44494,14658,44496,44498],{"id":44495},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[18,44497,43246],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44500,44501],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[408,44503,21177,44505,44507],{"id":44504},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[18,44506,43246],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44509,30025,44510,44512,44513,2638,44515,44517],{},[18,44511,4450],{}," to compare values. Use ",[18,44514,43246],{},[18,44516,11948],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[408,44519,44521,44522,2251],{"id":44520},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[18,44523,43246],{},[14,44525,44526],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[408,44528,44530,44531,44533],{"id":44529},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[18,44532,43246],{}," values?",[14,44535,44536],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[47,44538,1664],{"id":1663},[26,44540,44541,44546,44551,44556,44564],{},[29,44542,44543],{},[235,44544,44545],{"href":43384},"Python variables explained for beginners",[29,44547,44548],{},[235,44549,44550],{"href":43693},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[29,44552,44553],{},[235,44554,44555],{"href":43697},"Python data types overview",[29,44557,44558],{},[235,44559,3332,44561,3265],{"href":44560},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[18,44562,44563],{},"isinstance()",[29,44565,44566],{},[235,44567,44569],{"href":44568},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1693,44571,44572],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":44574},[44575,44577,44578,44579,44580,44581,44583,44585,44586,44587,44599],{"id":43350,"depth":97,"text":44576},"What id() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":43518,"depth":97,"text":43519},{"id":43701,"depth":97,"text":43702},{"id":43813,"depth":97,"text":43814},{"id":43970,"depth":97,"text":44582},"When id() is useful",{"id":44181,"depth":97,"text":44584},"When not to use id()",{"id":20556,"depth":97,"text":20557},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":44588},[44589,44591,44593,44595,44597],{"id":44486,"depth":119,"text":44590},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44495,"depth":119,"text":44592},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44504,"depth":119,"text":44594},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44520,"depth":119,"text":44596},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44529,"depth":119,"text":44598},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43238,"description":44600},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44607,"title":41951,"body":44608,"description":46248,"extension":1727,"meta":46249,"navigation":122,"path":46250,"seo":46251,"stem":46252,"__hash__":46253},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44609,"toc":46214},[44610,44615,44620,44623,44625,44668,44673,44676,44681,44686,44689,44705,44707,44751,44753,44780,44782,44797,44799,44801,44803,44819,44821,44833,44836,44870,44873,44898,44903,44905,44910,44914,44917,44919,44967,44969,45002,45008,45019,45021,45073,45075,45106,45108,45112,45116,45159,45165,45171,45223,45231,45236,45240,45331,45333,45366,45369,45371,45431,45433,45459,45469,45471,45475,45480,45485,45487,45524,45526,45545,45548,45552,45555,45611,45623,45632,45634,45661,45669,45676,45680,45683,45720,45723,45729,45766,45768,45772,45778,45796,45801,45849,45853,45942,45945,45952,45954,45956,45961,45979,45981,46024,46030,46047,46049,46111,46113,46115,46121,46129,46135,46141,46150,46160,46164,46172,46174,46176,46211],[10,44611,3332,44613,3336],{"id":44612},"python-input-function-explained",[18,44614,2718],{},[14,44616,1744,44617,44619],{},[18,44618,2718],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44621,44622],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[47,44624,50],{"id":49},[52,44626,44628],{"className":54,"code":44627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[18,44629,44630,44649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44631,44632,44634,44636,44638,44640,44642,44645,44647],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44633,7634],{"class":67},[61,44635,72],{"class":71},[61,44637,7999],{"class":129},[61,44639,109],{"class":75},[61,44641,816],{"class":190},[61,44643,44644],{"class":194},"Enter your name: ",[61,44646,816],{"class":190},[61,44648,116],{"class":75},[61,44650,44651,44653,44655,44657,44660,44662,44664,44666],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44652,130],{"class":129},[61,44654,109],{"class":75},[61,44656,816],{"class":190},[61,44658,44659],{"class":194},"Hello, ",[61,44661,816],{"class":190},[61,44663,2214],{"class":71},[61,44665,35748],{"class":112},[61,44667,116],{"class":75},[14,44669,204,44670,44672],{},[18,44671,2718],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44674,44675],"hr",{},[47,44677,3435,44679,3438],{"id":44678},"what-input-does",[18,44680,2718],{},[14,44682,44683,44685],{},[18,44684,2718],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44687,44688],{},"Here is what happens:",[26,44690,44691,44696,44699,44702],{},[29,44692,44693,44695],{},[18,44694,2718],{}," waits for the user to type",[29,44697,44698],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[29,44700,44701],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[29,44703,44704],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,44706,1109],{},[52,44708,44710],{"className":54,"code":44709,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[18,44711,44712,44732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44713,44714,44717,44719,44721,44723,44725,44728,44730],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44715,44716],{"class":67},"color ",[61,44718,72],{"class":71},[61,44720,7999],{"class":129},[61,44722,109],{"class":75},[61,44724,816],{"class":190},[61,44726,44727],{"class":194},"What is your favorite color? ",[61,44729,816],{"class":190},[61,44731,116],{"class":75},[61,44733,44734,44736,44738,44740,44743,44745,44747,44749],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44735,130],{"class":129},[61,44737,109],{"class":75},[61,44739,816],{"class":190},[61,44741,44742],{"class":194},"Your favorite color is",[61,44744,816],{"class":190},[61,44746,83],{"class":75},[61,44748,35607],{"class":112},[61,44750,116],{"class":75},[14,44752,879],{},[52,44754,44756],{"className":54,"code":44755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[18,44757,44758,44771],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44759,44760,44762,44764,44767,44769],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44761,3435],{"class":67},[61,44763,11948],{"class":71},[61,44765,44766],{"class":67}," your favorite color",[61,44768,2251],{"class":37123},[61,44770,35637],{"class":67},[61,44772,44773,44776,44778],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44774,44775],{"class":67},"Your favorite color ",[61,44777,11948],{"class":71},[61,44779,35637],{"class":67},[14,44781,19713],{},[26,44783,44784,44789,44794],{},[29,44785,44786,44787],{},"The prompt is ",[18,44788,44727],{},[29,44790,44791,44792],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[18,44793,32646],{},[29,44795,44796],{},"That value is then printed",[44674,44798],{},[47,44800,248],{"id":247},[14,44802,6979],{},[52,44804,44806],{"className":54,"code":44805,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"input(prompt)\n",[18,44807,44808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44809,44810,44812,44814,44817],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44811,42220],{"class":129},[61,44813,109],{"class":75},[61,44815,44816],{"class":112},"prompt",[61,44818,116],{"class":75},[14,44820,277],{},[26,44822,44823,44827,44830],{},[29,44824,1744,44825,19795],{},[18,44826,44816],{},[29,44828,44829],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[29,44831,44832],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,44834,44835],{},"Example with a prompt:",[52,44837,44839],{"className":54,"code":44838,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[18,44840,44841,44860],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44842,44843,44845,44847,44849,44851,44853,44856,44858],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44844,7719],{"class":67},[61,44846,72],{"class":71},[61,44848,7999],{"class":129},[61,44850,109],{"class":75},[61,44852,816],{"class":190},[61,44854,44855],{"class":194},"Enter your username: ",[61,44857,816],{"class":190},[61,44859,116],{"class":75},[61,44861,44862,44864,44866,44868],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44863,130],{"class":129},[61,44865,109],{"class":75},[61,44867,7743],{"class":112},[61,44869,116],{"class":75},[14,44871,44872],{},"Example without a prompt:",[52,44874,44876],{"className":54,"code":44875,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[18,44877,44878,44888],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44879,44880,44882,44884,44886],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44881,1580],{"class":67},[61,44883,72],{"class":71},[61,44885,7999],{"class":129},[61,44887,263],{"class":75},[61,44889,44890,44892,44894,44896],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44891,130],{"class":129},[61,44893,109],{"class":75},[61,44895,1605],{"class":112},[61,44897,116],{"class":75},[14,44899,7522,44900,44902],{},[18,44901,2718],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44674,44904],{},[47,44906,3435,44908,11459],{"id":44907},"what-input-returns",[18,44909,2718],{},[14,44911,44912,7982],{},[18,44913,2718],{},[14,44915,44916],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,44918,1109],{},[52,44920,44922],{"className":54,"code":44921,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,44923,44924,44943,44953],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44925,44926,44928,44930,44932,44934,44936,44939,44941],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44927,21385],{"class":67},[61,44929,72],{"class":71},[61,44931,7999],{"class":129},[61,44933,109],{"class":75},[61,44935,816],{"class":190},[61,44937,44938],{"class":194},"Enter your age: ",[61,44940,816],{"class":190},[61,44942,116],{"class":75},[61,44944,44945,44947,44949,44951],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44946,130],{"class":129},[61,44948,109],{"class":75},[61,44950,838],{"class":112},[61,44952,116],{"class":75},[61,44954,44955,44957,44959,44961,44963,44965],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,44956,130],{"class":129},[61,44958,109],{"class":75},[61,44960,147],{"class":105},[61,44962,109],{"class":75},[61,44964,838],{"class":112},[61,44966,154],{"class":75},[14,44968,879],{},[52,44970,44972],{"className":54,"code":44971,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,44973,44974,44984,44988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44975,44976,44979,44981],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44977,44978],{"class":67},"Enter your age",[61,44980,824],{"class":75},[61,44982,44983],{"class":79}," 25\n",[61,44985,44986],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,44987,2468],{"class":79},[61,44989,44990,44992,44994,44996,44998,45000],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,44991,183],{"class":71},[61,44993,187],{"class":186},[61,44995,191],{"class":190},[61,44997,3199],{"class":194},[61,44999,198],{"class":190},[61,45001,201],{"class":71},[14,45003,45004,45005,45007],{},"Even though the user typed ",[18,45006,8951],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45009,45010,45011,2638,45015,244],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[235,45012,45013],{"href":2634},[18,45014,2637],{},[235,45016,45017],{"href":2641},[18,45018,2644],{},[14,45020,1109],{},[52,45022,45024],{"className":54,"code":45023,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45025,45026,45049,45059],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45027,45028,45030,45032,45035,45037,45039,45041,45043,45045,45047],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45029,21385],{"class":67},[61,45031,72],{"class":71},[61,45033,45034],{"class":105}," int",[61,45036,109],{"class":75},[61,45038,42220],{"class":129},[61,45040,109],{"class":75},[61,45042,816],{"class":190},[61,45044,44938],{"class":194},[61,45046,816],{"class":190},[61,45048,154],{"class":75},[61,45050,45051,45053,45055,45057],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45052,130],{"class":129},[61,45054,109],{"class":75},[61,45056,838],{"class":112},[61,45058,116],{"class":75},[61,45060,45061,45063,45065,45067,45069,45071],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,45062,130],{"class":129},[61,45064,109],{"class":75},[61,45066,147],{"class":105},[61,45068,109],{"class":75},[61,45070,838],{"class":112},[61,45072,154],{"class":75},[14,45074,879],{},[52,45076,45078],{"className":54,"code":45077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,45079,45080,45088,45092],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45081,45082,45084,45086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45083,44978],{"class":67},[61,45085,824],{"class":75},[61,45087,44983],{"class":79},[61,45089,45090],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45091,2468],{"class":79},[61,45093,45094,45096,45098,45100,45102,45104],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,45095,183],{"class":71},[61,45097,187],{"class":186},[61,45099,191],{"class":190},[61,45101,1279],{"class":194},[61,45103,198],{"class":190},[61,45105,201],{"class":71},[44674,45107],{},[47,45109,45111],{"id":45110},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[408,45113,45115],{"id":45114},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[52,45117,45119],{"className":54,"code":45118,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[18,45120,45121,45140],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45122,45123,45125,45127,45129,45131,45133,45136,45138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45124,7634],{"class":67},[61,45126,72],{"class":71},[61,45128,7999],{"class":129},[61,45130,109],{"class":75},[61,45132,816],{"class":190},[61,45134,45135],{"class":194},"What is your name? ",[61,45137,816],{"class":190},[61,45139,116],{"class":75},[61,45141,45142,45144,45146,45148,45151,45153,45155,45157],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45143,130],{"class":129},[61,45145,109],{"class":75},[61,45147,816],{"class":190},[61,45149,45150],{"class":194},"Hello,",[61,45152,816],{"class":190},[61,45154,83],{"class":75},[61,45156,35748],{"class":112},[61,45158,116],{"class":75},[14,45160,45161,45162,45164],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[18,45163,819],{}," and prints it.",[408,45166,45168,45169],{"id":45167},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[18,45170,2637],{},[52,45172,45174],{"className":54,"code":45173,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[18,45175,45176,45199],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45177,45178,45180,45182,45184,45186,45188,45190,45192,45195,45197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45179,21385],{"class":67},[61,45181,72],{"class":71},[61,45183,45034],{"class":105},[61,45185,109],{"class":75},[61,45187,42220],{"class":129},[61,45189,109],{"class":75},[61,45191,816],{"class":190},[61,45193,45194],{"class":194},"How old are you? ",[61,45196,816],{"class":190},[61,45198,154],{"class":75},[61,45200,45201,45203,45205,45207,45210,45212,45214,45217,45219,45221],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45202,130],{"class":129},[61,45204,109],{"class":75},[61,45206,816],{"class":190},[61,45208,45209],{"class":194},"Next year you will be",[61,45211,816],{"class":190},[61,45213,83],{"class":75},[61,45215,45216],{"class":112}," age ",[61,45218,1824],{"class":71},[61,45220,680],{"class":79},[61,45222,116],{"class":75},[14,45224,5819,45225,45227,45228,45230],{},[18,45226,2637],{}," converts the text from ",[18,45229,2718],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45232,45233,45234,244],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[235,45235,8740],{"href":8739},[408,45237,45239],{"id":45238},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[52,45241,45243],{"className":54,"code":45242,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[18,45244,45245,45269,45293,45307,45311],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45246,45247,45250,45252,45254,45256,45258,45260,45262,45265,45267],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45248,45249],{"class":67},"num1 ",[61,45251,72],{"class":71},[61,45253,45034],{"class":105},[61,45255,109],{"class":75},[61,45257,42220],{"class":129},[61,45259,109],{"class":75},[61,45261,816],{"class":190},[61,45263,45264],{"class":194},"Enter the first number: ",[61,45266,816],{"class":190},[61,45268,154],{"class":75},[61,45270,45271,45274,45276,45278,45280,45282,45284,45286,45289,45291],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45272,45273],{"class":67},"num2 ",[61,45275,72],{"class":71},[61,45277,45034],{"class":105},[61,45279,109],{"class":75},[61,45281,42220],{"class":129},[61,45283,109],{"class":75},[61,45285,816],{"class":190},[61,45287,45288],{"class":194},"Enter the second number: ",[61,45290,816],{"class":190},[61,45292,154],{"class":75},[61,45294,45295,45297,45299,45302,45304],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,45296,40939],{"class":67},[61,45298,72],{"class":71},[61,45300,45301],{"class":67}," num1 ",[61,45303,1824],{"class":71},[61,45305,45306],{"class":67}," num2\n",[61,45308,45309],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,45310,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,45312,45313,45315,45317,45319,45322,45324,45326,45329],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,45314,130],{"class":129},[61,45316,109],{"class":75},[61,45318,816],{"class":190},[61,45320,45321],{"class":194},"Total:",[61,45323,816],{"class":190},[61,45325,83],{"class":75},[61,45327,45328],{"class":112}," total",[61,45330,116],{"class":75},[14,45332,879],{},[52,45334,45336],{"className":54,"code":45335,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[18,45337,45338,45348,45357],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45339,45340,45343,45345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45341,45342],{"class":67},"Enter the first number",[61,45344,824],{"class":75},[61,45346,45347],{"class":79}," 2\n",[61,45349,45350,45353,45355],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45351,45352],{"class":67},"Enter the second number",[61,45354,824],{"class":75},[61,45356,2336],{"class":79},[61,45358,45359,45362,45364],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,45360,45361],{"class":67},"Total",[61,45363,824],{"class":75},[61,45365,34597],{"class":79},[14,45367,45368],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45370,1109],{},[52,45372,45374],{"className":54,"code":45373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[18,45375,45376,45394,45412,45416],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45377,45378,45380,45382,45384,45386,45388,45390,45392],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45379,45249],{"class":67},[61,45381,72],{"class":71},[61,45383,7999],{"class":129},[61,45385,109],{"class":75},[61,45387,816],{"class":190},[61,45389,45264],{"class":194},[61,45391,816],{"class":190},[61,45393,116],{"class":75},[61,45395,45396,45398,45400,45402,45404,45406,45408,45410],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45397,45273],{"class":67},[61,45399,72],{"class":71},[61,45401,7999],{"class":129},[61,45403,109],{"class":75},[61,45405,816],{"class":190},[61,45407,45288],{"class":194},[61,45409,816],{"class":190},[61,45411,116],{"class":75},[61,45413,45414],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,45415,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,45417,45418,45420,45422,45424,45426,45429],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,45419,130],{"class":129},[61,45421,109],{"class":75},[61,45423,45249],{"class":112},[61,45425,1824],{"class":71},[61,45427,45428],{"class":112}," num2",[61,45430,116],{"class":75},[14,45432,879],{},[52,45434,45436],{"className":54,"code":45435,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[18,45437,45438,45446,45454],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45439,45440,45442,45444],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45441,45342],{"class":67},[61,45443,824],{"class":75},[61,45445,45347],{"class":79},[61,45447,45448,45450,45452],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45449,45352],{"class":67},[61,45451,824],{"class":75},[61,45453,2336],{"class":79},[61,45455,45456],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,45457,45458],{"class":79},"23\n",[14,45460,45461,45462,45465,45466,244],{},"That happens because ",[18,45463,45464],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[18,45467,45468],{},"\"23\"",[44674,45470],{},[47,45472,45474],{"id":45473},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45476,45477,45478,244],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[18,45479,2718],{},[408,45481,4466,45483,41299],{"id":45482},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[18,45484,2718],{},[14,45486,38955],{},[52,45488,45490],{"className":54,"code":45489,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,45491,45492,45510],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45493,45494,45496,45498,45500,45502,45504,45506,45508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45495,1580],{"class":67},[61,45497,72],{"class":71},[61,45499,7999],{"class":129},[61,45501,109],{"class":75},[61,45503,816],{"class":190},[61,45505,41628],{"class":194},[61,45507,816],{"class":190},[61,45509,116],{"class":75},[61,45511,45512,45514,45516,45518,45520,45522],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45513,130],{"class":129},[61,45515,109],{"class":75},[61,45517,147],{"class":105},[61,45519,109],{"class":75},[61,45521,1605],{"class":112},[61,45523,154],{"class":75},[14,45525,157],{},[52,45527,45529],{"className":54,"code":45528,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45530,45531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45532,45533,45535,45537,45539,45541,45543],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45534,183],{"class":71},[61,45536,187],{"class":186},[61,45538,191],{"class":190},[61,45540,3199],{"class":194},[61,45542,198],{"class":190},[61,45544,201],{"class":71},[14,45546,45547],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[408,45549,45551],{"id":45550},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45553,45554],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[52,45556,45558],{"className":54,"code":45557,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[18,45559,45560,45578,45597],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45561,45562,45564,45566,45568,45570,45572,45574,45576],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45563,2313],{"class":67},[61,45565,72],{"class":71},[61,45567,7999],{"class":129},[61,45569,109],{"class":75},[61,45571,816],{"class":190},[61,45573,41628],{"class":194},[61,45575,816],{"class":190},[61,45577,116],{"class":75},[61,45579,45580,45582,45584,45586,45588,45590,45593,45595],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45581,2341],{"class":67},[61,45583,72],{"class":71},[61,45585,7999],{"class":129},[61,45587,109],{"class":75},[61,45589,816],{"class":190},[61,45591,45592],{"class":194},"Enter another number: ",[61,45594,816],{"class":190},[61,45596,116],{"class":75},[61,45598,45599,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,45600,130],{"class":129},[61,45602,109],{"class":75},[61,45604,2313],{"class":112},[61,45606,1824],{"class":71},[61,45608,2318],{"class":112},[61,45610,116],{"class":75},[14,45612,40877,45613,4154,45615,45617,45618,18719,45621,244],{},[18,45614,1129],{},[18,45616,645],{},", the result is ",[18,45619,45620],{},"45",[18,45622,1907],{},[408,45624,45626,45627,45629,45630],{"id":45625},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[18,45628,40461],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[18,45631,2637],{},[14,45633,1109],{},[52,45635,45637],{"className":54,"code":45636,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[18,45638,45639],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45640,45641,45643,45645,45647,45649,45651,45653,45655,45657,45659],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45642,21385],{"class":67},[61,45644,72],{"class":71},[61,45646,45034],{"class":105},[61,45648,109],{"class":75},[61,45650,42220],{"class":129},[61,45652,109],{"class":75},[61,45654,816],{"class":190},[61,45656,44938],{"class":194},[61,45658,816],{"class":190},[61,45660,154],{"class":75},[14,45662,8028,45663,45666,45667,244],{},[18,45664,45665],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[18,45668,40461],{},[14,45670,45671,45672,244],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[235,45673,45675],{"href":45674},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[408,45677,45679],{"id":45678},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45681,45682],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[52,45684,45686],{"className":54,"code":45685,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[18,45687,45688,45706],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45689,45690,45692,45694,45696,45698,45700,45702,45704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45691,7634],{"class":67},[61,45693,72],{"class":71},[61,45695,7999],{"class":129},[61,45697,109],{"class":75},[61,45699,816],{"class":190},[61,45701,44644],{"class":194},[61,45703,816],{"class":190},[61,45705,116],{"class":75},[61,45707,45708,45710,45712,45714,45716,45718],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45709,130],{"class":129},[61,45711,109],{"class":75},[61,45713,41536],{"class":129},[61,45715,109],{"class":75},[61,45717,819],{"class":112},[61,45719,154],{"class":75},[14,45721,45722],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,45724,45725,45726,824],{},"You can remove them with ",[18,45727,45728],{},".strip()",[52,45730,45732],{"className":54,"code":45731,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[18,45733,45734,45756],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45735,45736,45738,45740,45742,45744,45746,45748,45750,45752,45754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45737,7634],{"class":67},[61,45739,72],{"class":71},[61,45741,7999],{"class":129},[61,45743,109],{"class":75},[61,45745,816],{"class":190},[61,45747,44644],{"class":194},[61,45749,816],{"class":190},[61,45751,8390],{"class":75},[61,45753,8393],{"class":112},[61,45755,263],{"class":75},[61,45757,45758,45760,45762,45764],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45759,130],{"class":129},[61,45761,109],{"class":75},[61,45763,819],{"class":112},[61,45765,116],{"class":75},[44674,45767],{},[47,45769,45771],{"id":45770},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,45773,45774,45775,45777],{},"These habits make ",[18,45776,2718],{}," easier and safer to use.",[26,45779,45780,45783,45788,45791],{},[29,45781,45782],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[29,45784,204,45785,45787],{},[18,45786,45728],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[29,45789,45790],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[29,45792,204,45793,45795],{},[18,45794,29537],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,45797,45798,45799,824],{},"Example with ",[18,45800,45728],{},[52,45802,45804],{"className":54,"code":45803,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[18,45805,45806,45830],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45807,45808,45811,45813,45815,45817,45819,45822,45824,45826,45828],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45809,45810],{"class":67},"city ",[61,45812,72],{"class":71},[61,45814,7999],{"class":129},[61,45816,109],{"class":75},[61,45818,816],{"class":190},[61,45820,45821],{"class":194},"Enter your city: ",[61,45823,816],{"class":190},[61,45825,8390],{"class":75},[61,45827,8393],{"class":112},[61,45829,263],{"class":75},[61,45831,45832,45834,45836,45838,45841,45843,45845,45847],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45833,130],{"class":129},[61,45835,109],{"class":75},[61,45837,816],{"class":190},[61,45839,45840],{"class":194},"City:",[61,45842,816],{"class":190},[61,45844,83],{"class":75},[61,45846,31140],{"class":112},[61,45848,116],{"class":75},[14,45850,45798,45851,824],{},[18,45852,29537],{},[52,45854,45856],{"className":54,"code":45855,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[18,45857,45858,45864,45887,45919,45927],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45859,45860,45862],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45861,29559],{"class":3634},[61,45863,6152],{"class":75},[61,45865,45866,45869,45871,45873,45875,45877,45879,45881,45883,45885],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45867,45868],{"class":67},"    age ",[61,45870,72],{"class":71},[61,45872,45034],{"class":105},[61,45874,109],{"class":75},[61,45876,42220],{"class":129},[61,45878,109],{"class":75},[61,45880,816],{"class":190},[61,45882,44938],{"class":194},[61,45884,816],{"class":190},[61,45886,154],{"class":75},[61,45888,45889,45891,45893,45895,45898,45900,45902,45904,45906,45908,45910,45912,45915,45917],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,45890,7827],{"class":129},[61,45892,109],{"class":75},[61,45894,816],{"class":190},[61,45896,45897],{"class":194},"You will be",[61,45899,816],{"class":190},[61,45901,83],{"class":75},[61,45903,45216],{"class":112},[61,45905,1824],{"class":71},[61,45907,680],{"class":79},[61,45909,83],{"class":75},[61,45911,522],{"class":190},[61,45913,45914],{"class":194},"next year",[61,45916,816],{"class":190},[61,45918,116],{"class":75},[61,45920,45921,45923,45925],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,45922,29590],{"class":3634},[61,45924,41683],{"class":105},[61,45926,6152],{"class":75},[61,45928,45929,45931,45933,45935,45938,45940],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,45930,7827],{"class":129},[61,45932,109],{"class":75},[61,45934,816],{"class":190},[61,45936,45937],{"class":194},"Please enter a whole number.",[61,45939,816],{"class":190},[61,45941,116],{"class":75},[14,45943,45944],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,45946,45947,45948,244],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[235,45949,45951],{"href":45950},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44674,45953],{},[47,45955,2590],{"id":2589},[14,45957,45958,45959,824],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[18,45960,2718],{},[26,45962,45963,45970,45973,45976],{},[29,45964,45965,45966,2638,45968],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[18,45967,2637],{},[18,45969,2644],{},[29,45971,45972],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[29,45974,45975],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[29,45977,45978],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,45980,31838],{},[52,45982,45984],{"className":54,"code":45983,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,45985,45986,45996,46010],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45987,45988,45990,45992,45994],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45989,130],{"class":129},[61,45991,109],{"class":75},[61,45993,1605],{"class":112},[61,45995,116],{"class":75},[61,45997,45998,46000,46002,46004,46006,46008],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,45999,130],{"class":129},[61,46001,109],{"class":75},[61,46003,147],{"class":105},[61,46005,109],{"class":75},[61,46007,1605],{"class":112},[61,46009,154],{"class":75},[61,46011,46012,46014,46016,46018,46020,46022],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46013,130],{"class":129},[61,46015,109],{"class":75},[61,46017,41536],{"class":129},[61,46019,109],{"class":75},[61,46021,1605],{"class":112},[61,46023,154],{"class":75},[14,46025,46026,46027,46029],{},"These help you inspect what ",[18,46028,2718],{}," actually returned:",[26,46031,46032,46037,46042],{},[29,46033,46034,46036],{},[18,46035,41584],{}," shows the value",[29,46038,46039,46041],{},[18,46040,41590],{}," shows the data type",[29,46043,46044,46046],{},[18,46045,41595],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46048,1109],{},[52,46050,46052],{"className":54,"code":46051,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46053,46054,46073,46083,46097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46055,46056,46058,46060,46062,46064,46066,46069,46071],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46057,1580],{"class":67},[61,46059,72],{"class":71},[61,46061,7999],{"class":129},[61,46063,109],{"class":75},[61,46065,816],{"class":190},[61,46067,46068],{"class":194},"Enter something: ",[61,46070,816],{"class":190},[61,46072,116],{"class":75},[61,46074,46075,46077,46079,46081],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46076,130],{"class":129},[61,46078,109],{"class":75},[61,46080,1605],{"class":112},[61,46082,116],{"class":75},[61,46084,46085,46087,46089,46091,46093,46095],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46086,130],{"class":129},[61,46088,109],{"class":75},[61,46090,147],{"class":105},[61,46092,109],{"class":75},[61,46094,1605],{"class":112},[61,46096,154],{"class":75},[61,46098,46099,46101,46103,46105,46107,46109],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,46100,130],{"class":129},[61,46102,109],{"class":75},[61,46104,41536],{"class":129},[61,46106,109],{"class":75},[61,46108,1605],{"class":112},[61,46110,154],{"class":75},[44674,46112],{},[47,46114,1620],{"id":1619},[408,46116,12459,46118,46120],{"id":46117},"does-input-return-an-integer",[18,46119,2718],{}," return an integer?",[14,46122,46123,46124,46126,46127,39686],{},"No. ",[18,46125,2718],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[18,46128,2637],{},[408,46130,46132,46133,2251],{"id":46131},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[18,46134,2718],{},[14,46136,46137,46138,46140],{},"No. You can call ",[18,46139,2718],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[408,46142,4921,46144,46147,46148,2251],{"id":46143},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[18,46145,46146],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[18,46149,2718],{},[14,46151,28818,46152,46154,46155,41912,46157,46159],{},[18,46153,2718],{}," returns strings. ",[18,46156,45464],{},[18,46158,45468],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[408,46161,46163],{"id":46162},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46165,204,46166,46168,46169,244],{},[18,46167,45728],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[18,46170,46171],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44674,46173],{},[47,46175,1664],{"id":1663},[26,46177,46178,46183,46187,46193,46199,46203],{},[29,46179,46180],{},[235,46181,46182],{"href":45950},"How to get user input in Python",[29,46184,46185],{},[235,46186,8817],{"href":8739},[29,46188,46189],{},[235,46190,3332,46191,3265],{"href":2634},[18,46192,2637],{},[29,46194,46195],{},[235,46196,3332,46197,3265],{"href":2641},[18,46198,2644],{},[29,46200,46201],{},[235,46202,45675],{"href":45674},[29,46204,46205],{},[235,46206,3332,46208,3265],{"href":46207},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[18,46209,46210],{},"print()",[1693,46212,46213],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":46215},[46216,46217,46219,46220,46222,46228,46236,46237,46238,46247],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":44678,"depth":97,"text":46218},"What input() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":44907,"depth":97,"text":46221},"What input() returns",{"id":45110,"depth":97,"text":45111,"children":46223},[46224,46225,46227],{"id":45114,"depth":119,"text":45115},{"id":45167,"depth":119,"text":46226},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45238,"depth":119,"text":45239},{"id":45473,"depth":97,"text":45474,"children":46229},[46230,46232,46233,46235],{"id":45482,"depth":119,"text":46231},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45550,"depth":119,"text":45551},{"id":45625,"depth":119,"text":46234},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45678,"depth":119,"text":45679},{"id":45770,"depth":97,"text":45771},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":46239},[46240,46242,46244,46246],{"id":46117,"depth":119,"text":46241},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46131,"depth":119,"text":46243},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46143,"depth":119,"text":46245},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46162,"depth":119,"text":46163},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41951,"description":46248},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46255,"title":41853,"body":46256,"description":48569,"extension":1727,"meta":48570,"navigation":122,"path":48571,"seo":48572,"stem":48573,"__hash__":48574},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46257,"toc":48521},[46258,46263,46268,46273,46294,46297,46299,46359,46361,46380,46385,46390,46395,46397,46410,46412,46495,46497,46538,46544,46546,46576,46582,46585,46602,46604,46656,46658,46676,46682,46688,46691,46709,46711,46784,46786,46805,46812,46818,46823,46826,46886,46888,46907,46910,46913,46928,46934,46938,46999,47001,47022,47026,47155,47157,47287,47297,47303,47309,47317,47383,47385,47410,47413,47430,47443,47449,47452,47485,47487,47500,47503,47546,47548,47556,47563,47567,47574,47578,47605,47607,47615,47621,47638,47643,47647,47674,47676,47684,47688,47693,47696,47722,47725,47734,47742,47746,47756,47760,47763,47765,47816,47818,47848,47858,47885,47887,47895,47905,47909,47912,47914,47962,47964,48008,48014,48065,48067,48086,48091,48096,48099,48118,48121,48173,48175,48184,48186,48190,48194,48197,48206,48213,48215,48242,48246,48248,48257,48260,48267,48273,48333,48337,48339,48347,48350,48376,48382,48385,48405,48407,48416,48424,48426,48432,48437,48444,48454,48460,48468,48472,48475,48477,48518],[10,46259,3332,46261,3336],{"id":46260},"python-int-function-explained",[18,46262,2637],{},[14,46264,32073,46265,46267],{},[18,46266,2637],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46269,35161,46270,46272],{},[18,46271,2637],{}," when they want to:",[26,46274,46275,46285,46288,46291],{},[29,46276,46277,46278,46281,46282],{},"turn text like ",[18,46279,46280],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[18,46283,46284],{},"42",[29,46286,46287],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[29,46289,46290],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[29,46292,46293],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46295,46296],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[47,46298,50],{"id":49},[52,46300,46302],{"className":54,"code":46301,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,46303,46304,46322,46336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46305,46306,46308,46310,46312,46314,46316,46318,46320],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46307,130],{"class":129},[61,46309,109],{"class":75},[61,46311,1279],{"class":105},[61,46313,109],{"class":75},[61,46315,816],{"class":190},[61,46317,46284],{"class":194},[61,46319,816],{"class":190},[61,46321,154],{"class":75},[61,46323,46324,46326,46328,46330,46332,46334],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46325,130],{"class":129},[61,46327,109],{"class":75},[61,46329,1279],{"class":105},[61,46331,109],{"class":75},[61,46333,41741],{"class":79},[61,46335,154],{"class":75},[61,46337,46338,46340,46342,46344,46346,46348,46351,46353,46355,46357],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46339,130],{"class":129},[61,46341,109],{"class":75},[61,46343,1279],{"class":105},[61,46345,109],{"class":75},[61,46347,816],{"class":190},[61,46349,46350],{"class":194},"101",[61,46352,816],{"class":190},[61,46354,83],{"class":75},[61,46356,86],{"class":79},[61,46358,154],{"class":75},[14,46360,157],{},[52,46362,46364],{"className":54,"code":46363,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n3\n5\n",[18,46365,46366,46371,46376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46367,46368],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46369,46370],{"class":79},"42\n",[61,46372,46373],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46374,46375],{"class":79},"3\n",[61,46377,46378],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46379,2707],{"class":79},[14,46381,204,46382,46384],{},[18,46383,2637],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[47,46386,3435,46388,3438],{"id":46387},"what-int-does",[18,46389,2637],{},[14,46391,46392,46394],{},[18,46393,2637],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46396,12807],{},[26,46398,46399,46404,46407],{},[29,46400,46401,46402,7100],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[18,46403,1279],{},[29,46405,46406],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[29,46408,46409],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46411,1109],{},[52,46413,46415],{"className":54,"code":46414,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,46416,46417,46429,46443,46447,46457,46467,46481],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46418,46419,46421,46423,46425,46427],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46420,517],{"class":67},[61,46422,72],{"class":71},[61,46424,522],{"class":190},[61,46426,8951],{"class":194},[61,46428,528],{"class":190},[61,46430,46431,46433,46435,46437,46439,46441],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46432,1979],{"class":67},[61,46434,72],{"class":71},[61,46436,45034],{"class":105},[61,46438,109],{"class":75},[61,46440,541],{"class":112},[61,46442,116],{"class":75},[61,46444,46445],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46446,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,46448,46449,46451,46453,46455],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,46450,130],{"class":129},[61,46452,109],{"class":75},[61,46454,541],{"class":112},[61,46456,116],{"class":75},[61,46458,46459,46461,46463,46465],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,46460,130],{"class":129},[61,46462,109],{"class":75},[61,46464,2001],{"class":112},[61,46466,116],{"class":75},[61,46468,46469,46471,46473,46475,46477,46479],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,46470,130],{"class":129},[61,46472,109],{"class":75},[61,46474,147],{"class":105},[61,46476,109],{"class":75},[61,46478,541],{"class":112},[61,46480,154],{"class":75},[61,46482,46483,46485,46487,46489,46491,46493],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,46484,130],{"class":129},[61,46486,109],{"class":75},[61,46488,147],{"class":105},[61,46490,109],{"class":75},[61,46492,2001],{"class":112},[61,46494,154],{"class":75},[14,46496,157],{},[52,46498,46500],{"className":54,"code":46499,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,46501,46502,46506,46510,46524],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46503,46504],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46505,2468],{"class":79},[61,46507,46508],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46509,2468],{"class":79},[61,46511,46512,46514,46516,46518,46520,46522],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46513,183],{"class":71},[61,46515,187],{"class":186},[61,46517,191],{"class":190},[61,46519,3199],{"class":194},[61,46521,198],{"class":190},[61,46523,201],{"class":71},[61,46525,46526,46528,46530,46532,46534,46536],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,46527,183],{"class":71},[61,46529,187],{"class":186},[61,46531,191],{"class":190},[61,46533,1279],{"class":194},[61,46535,198],{"class":190},[61,46537,201],{"class":71},[14,46539,46540,46541,46543],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[18,46542,2637],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[47,46545,248],{"id":247},[52,46547,46549],{"className":54,"code":46548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[18,46550,46551,46561],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46552,46553,46555,46557,46559],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46554,1279],{"class":105},[61,46556,109],{"class":75},[61,46558,1936],{"class":112},[61,46560,116],{"class":75},[61,46562,46563,46565,46567,46569,46571,46574],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46564,1279],{"class":105},[61,46566,109],{"class":75},[61,46568,1936],{"class":112},[61,46570,83],{"class":75},[61,46572,46573],{"class":112}," base",[61,46575,116],{"class":75},[408,46577,46579],{"id":46578},"intx",[18,46580,46581],{},"int(x)",[14,46583,46584],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[26,46586,46587,46592,46597],{},[29,46588,46589,46590],{},"a string such as ",[18,46591,41883],{},[29,46593,46594,46595],{},"a float such as ",[18,46596,41741],{},[29,46598,46599,46600],{},"a boolean such as ",[18,46601,3361],{},[14,46603,1109],{},[52,46605,46607],{"className":54,"code":46606,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[18,46608,46609,46627,46642],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46610,46611,46613,46615,46617,46619,46621,46623,46625],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46612,130],{"class":129},[61,46614,109],{"class":75},[61,46616,1279],{"class":105},[61,46618,109],{"class":75},[61,46620,816],{"class":190},[61,46622,430],{"class":194},[61,46624,816],{"class":190},[61,46626,154],{"class":75},[61,46628,46629,46631,46633,46635,46637,46640],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46630,130],{"class":129},[61,46632,109],{"class":75},[61,46634,1279],{"class":105},[61,46636,109],{"class":75},[61,46638,46639],{"class":79},"8.7",[61,46641,154],{"class":75},[61,46643,46644,46646,46648,46650,46652,46654],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46645,130],{"class":129},[61,46647,109],{"class":75},[61,46649,1279],{"class":105},[61,46651,109],{"class":75},[61,46653,3361],{"class":3609},[61,46655,154],{"class":75},[14,46657,157],{},[52,46659,46661],{"className":54,"code":46660,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n8\n1\n",[18,46662,46663,46667,46671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46664,46665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46666,2137],{"class":79},[61,46668,46669],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46670,2142],{"class":79},[61,46672,46673],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46674,46675],{"class":79},"1\n",[408,46677,46679],{"id":46678},"intx-base",[18,46680,46681],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46683,46684,46685,46687],{},"Use this form when ",[18,46686,1936],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46689,46690],{},"Common bases:",[26,46692,46693,46698,46703],{},[29,46694,46695,46697],{},[18,46696,1821],{}," for binary",[29,46699,46700,46702],{},[18,46701,2106],{}," for octal",[29,46704,46705,46708],{},[18,46706,46707],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,46710,1109],{},[52,46712,46714],{"className":54,"code":46713,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,46715,46716,46738,46761],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46717,46718,46720,46722,46724,46726,46728,46730,46732,46734,46736],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46719,130],{"class":129},[61,46721,109],{"class":75},[61,46723,1279],{"class":105},[61,46725,109],{"class":75},[61,46727,816],{"class":190},[61,46729,46350],{"class":194},[61,46731,816],{"class":190},[61,46733,83],{"class":75},[61,46735,86],{"class":79},[61,46737,154],{"class":75},[61,46739,46740,46742,46744,46746,46748,46750,46753,46755,46757,46759],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46741,130],{"class":129},[61,46743,109],{"class":75},[61,46745,1279],{"class":105},[61,46747,109],{"class":75},[61,46749,816],{"class":190},[61,46751,46752],{"class":194},"17",[61,46754,816],{"class":190},[61,46756,83],{"class":75},[61,46758,6118],{"class":79},[61,46760,154],{"class":75},[61,46762,46763,46765,46767,46769,46771,46773,46776,46778,46780,46782],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46764,130],{"class":129},[61,46766,109],{"class":75},[61,46768,1279],{"class":105},[61,46770,109],{"class":75},[61,46772,816],{"class":190},[61,46774,46775],{"class":194},"1A",[61,46777,816],{"class":190},[61,46779,83],{"class":75},[61,46781,13743],{"class":79},[61,46783,154],{"class":75},[14,46785,157],{},[52,46787,46789],{"className":54,"code":46788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n15\n26\n",[18,46790,46791,46795,46800],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46792,46793],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46794,2707],{"class":79},[61,46796,46797],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46798,46799],{"class":79},"15\n",[61,46801,46802],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46803,46804],{"class":79},"26\n",[14,46806,46807,46808,244],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[235,46809,46810,2064],{"href":2641},[18,46811,2644],{},[47,46813,8175,46815,46817],{"id":46814},"using-int-with-strings",[18,46816,2637],{}," with strings",[14,46819,46820,46822],{},[18,46821,2637],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,46824,46825],{},"Examples that work:",[52,46827,46829],{"className":54,"code":46828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[18,46830,46831,46849,46867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46832,46833,46835,46837,46839,46841,46843,46845,46847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46834,130],{"class":129},[61,46836,109],{"class":75},[61,46838,1279],{"class":105},[61,46840,109],{"class":75},[61,46842,816],{"class":190},[61,46844,645],{"class":194},[61,46846,816],{"class":190},[61,46848,154],{"class":75},[61,46850,46851,46853,46855,46857,46859,46861,46863,46865],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46852,130],{"class":129},[61,46854,109],{"class":75},[61,46856,1279],{"class":105},[61,46858,109],{"class":75},[61,46860,816],{"class":190},[61,46862,2053],{"class":194},[61,46864,816],{"class":190},[61,46866,154],{"class":75},[61,46868,46869,46871,46873,46875,46877,46879,46882,46884],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46870,130],{"class":129},[61,46872,109],{"class":75},[61,46874,1279],{"class":105},[61,46876,109],{"class":75},[61,46878,816],{"class":190},[61,46880,46881],{"class":194},"  42  ",[61,46883,816],{"class":190},[61,46885,154],{"class":75},[14,46887,157],{},[52,46889,46891],{"className":54,"code":46890,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n-12\n42\n",[18,46892,46893,46897,46903],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46894,46895],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46896,2707],{"class":79},[61,46898,46899,46901],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46900,1786],{"class":71},[61,46902,1987],{"class":79},[61,46904,46905],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46906,46370],{"class":79},[14,46908,46909],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,46911,46912],{},"Examples that fail:",[52,46914,46916],{"className":54,"code":46915,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[18,46917,46918,46923],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46919,46920],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46921,46922],{"class":3420},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[61,46924,46925],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46926,46927],{"class":3420},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,46929,46930,46931,46933],{},"These raise ",[18,46932,40461],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[408,46935,46937],{"id":46936},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[52,46939,46941],{"className":54,"code":46940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[18,46942,46943,46961,46980],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46944,46945,46947,46949,46951,46953,46955,46957,46959],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46946,130],{"class":129},[61,46948,109],{"class":75},[61,46950,1279],{"class":105},[61,46952,109],{"class":75},[61,46954,816],{"class":190},[61,46956,675],{"class":194},[61,46958,816],{"class":190},[61,46960,154],{"class":75},[61,46962,46963,46965,46967,46969,46971,46973,46976,46978],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,46964,130],{"class":129},[61,46966,109],{"class":75},[61,46968,1279],{"class":105},[61,46970,109],{"class":75},[61,46972,816],{"class":190},[61,46974,46975],{"class":194},"+7",[61,46977,816],{"class":190},[61,46979,154],{"class":75},[61,46981,46982,46984,46986,46988,46990,46992,46995,46997],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,46983,130],{"class":129},[61,46985,109],{"class":75},[61,46987,1279],{"class":105},[61,46989,109],{"class":75},[61,46991,816],{"class":190},[61,46993,46994],{"class":194},"-100",[61,46996,816],{"class":190},[61,46998,154],{"class":75},[14,47000,157],{},[52,47002,47004],{"className":54,"code":47003,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0\n7\n-100\n",[18,47005,47006,47011,47015],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47007,47008],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47009,47010],{"class":79},"0\n",[61,47012,47013],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47014,1844],{"class":79},[61,47016,47017,47019],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,47018,1786],{"class":71},[61,47020,47021],{"class":79},"100\n",[408,47023,47025],{"id":47024},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[52,47027,47029],{"className":54,"code":47028,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[18,47030,47031,47069,47073,47085,47092,47107,47122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47032,47033,47035,47037,47039,47041,47043,47045,47047,47049,47052,47054,47056,47058,47060,47062,47065,47067],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47034,712],{"class":67},[61,47036,72],{"class":71},[61,47038,76],{"class":75},[61,47040,816],{"class":190},[61,47042,39900],{"class":194},[61,47044,816],{"class":190},[61,47046,83],{"class":75},[61,47048,522],{"class":190},[61,47050,47051],{"class":194},"12abc",[61,47053,816],{"class":190},[61,47055,83],{"class":75},[61,47057,5885],{"class":190},[61,47059,83],{"class":75},[61,47061,522],{"class":190},[61,47063,47064],{"class":194},"seven",[61,47066,816],{"class":190},[61,47068,94],{"class":75},[61,47070,47071],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47072,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,47074,47075,47077,47079,47081,47083],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,47076,5717],{"class":3634},[61,47078,21341],{"class":67},[61,47080,3641],{"class":3634},[61,47082,3644],{"class":67},[61,47084,6152],{"class":75},[61,47086,47087,47090],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,47088,47089],{"class":3634},"    try",[61,47091,6152],{"class":75},[61,47093,47094,47097,47099,47101,47103,47105],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,47095,47096],{"class":129},"        print",[61,47098,109],{"class":75},[61,47100,1279],{"class":105},[61,47102,109],{"class":75},[61,47104,1605],{"class":112},[61,47106,154],{"class":75},[61,47108,47109,47112,47114,47117,47120],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,47110,47111],{"class":3634},"    except",[61,47113,41683],{"class":105},[61,47115,47116],{"class":3634}," as",[61,47118,47119],{"class":67}," error",[61,47121,6152],{"class":75},[61,47123,47124,47126,47128,47130,47132,47134,47136,47139,47141,47144,47146,47149,47151,47153],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,47125,47096],{"class":129},[61,47127,109],{"class":75},[61,47129,22051],{"class":186},[61,47131,816],{"class":194},[61,47133,9033],{"class":79},[61,47135,1605],{"class":112},[61,47137,47138],{"class":186},"!r",[61,47140,22060],{"class":79},[61,47142,47143],{"class":194}," -> ",[61,47145,9033],{"class":79},[61,47147,47148],{"class":112},"error",[61,47150,22060],{"class":79},[61,47152,816],{"class":194},[61,47154,116],{"class":75},[14,47156,157],{},[52,47158,47160],{"className":54,"code":47159,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[18,47161,47162,47198,47230,47255],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47163,47164,47166,47168,47170,47173,47176,47178,47180,47182,47185,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47165,198],{"class":43086},[61,47167,39900],{"class":43090},[61,47169,198],{"class":43086},[61,47171,47172],{"class":37123}," ->",[61,47174,47175],{"class":67}," invalid literal ",[61,47177,5717],{"class":3634},[61,47179,45034],{"class":105},[61,47181,1637],{"class":75},[61,47183,47184],{"class":3634}," with",[61,47186,47187],{"class":67}," base ",[61,47189,430],{"class":79},[61,47191,824],{"class":75},[61,47193,191],{"class":190},[61,47195,39900],{"class":194},[61,47197,29455],{"class":190},[61,47199,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214,47216,47218,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47201,198],{"class":190},[61,47203,47051],{"class":194},[61,47205,198],{"class":190},[61,47207,47172],{"class":37123},[61,47209,47175],{"class":67},[61,47211,5717],{"class":3634},[61,47213,45034],{"class":105},[61,47215,1637],{"class":75},[61,47217,47184],{"class":3634},[61,47219,47187],{"class":67},[61,47221,430],{"class":79},[61,47223,824],{"class":75},[61,47225,191],{"class":190},[61,47227,47051],{"class":194},[61,47229,29455],{"class":190},[61,47231,47232,47234,47236,47238,47240,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,47233,3531],{"class":190},[61,47235,47172],{"class":37123},[61,47237,47175],{"class":67},[61,47239,5717],{"class":3634},[61,47241,45034],{"class":105},[61,47243,1637],{"class":75},[61,47245,47184],{"class":3634},[61,47247,47187],{"class":67},[61,47249,430],{"class":79},[61,47251,824],{"class":75},[61,47253,47254],{"class":190}," ''\n",[61,47256,47257,47259,47261,47263,47265,47267,47269,47271,47273,47275,47277,47279,47281,47283,47285],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,47258,198],{"class":190},[61,47260,47064],{"class":194},[61,47262,198],{"class":190},[61,47264,47172],{"class":37123},[61,47266,47175],{"class":67},[61,47268,5717],{"class":3634},[61,47270,45034],{"class":105},[61,47272,1637],{"class":75},[61,47274,47184],{"class":3634},[61,47276,47187],{"class":67},[61,47278,430],{"class":79},[61,47280,824],{"class":75},[61,47282,191],{"class":190},[61,47284,47064],{"class":194},[61,47286,29455],{"class":190},[14,47288,47289,47290,47292,47293,244],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[235,47291,8740],{"href":8739}," and the ",[235,47294,47295,2064],{"href":7976},[18,47296,2718],{},[47,47298,8175,47300,47302],{"id":47299},"using-int-with-floats",[18,47301,2637],{}," with floats",[14,47304,47305,47306,47308],{},"When you pass a float to ",[18,47307,2637],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47310,47311,47312,601,47314,47316],{},"Important: ",[18,47313,2637],{},[603,47315,605],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[52,47318,47320],{"className":54,"code":47319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[18,47321,47322,47336,47351,47367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47323,47324,47326,47328,47330,47332,47334],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47325,130],{"class":129},[61,47327,109],{"class":75},[61,47329,1279],{"class":105},[61,47331,109],{"class":75},[61,47333,41741],{"class":79},[61,47335,154],{"class":75},[61,47337,47338,47340,47342,47344,47346,47349],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47339,130],{"class":129},[61,47341,109],{"class":75},[61,47343,1279],{"class":105},[61,47345,109],{"class":75},[61,47347,47348],{"class":79},"3.1",[61,47350,154],{"class":75},[61,47352,47353,47355,47357,47359,47361,47363,47365],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,47354,130],{"class":129},[61,47356,109],{"class":75},[61,47358,1279],{"class":105},[61,47360,109],{"class":75},[61,47362,1786],{"class":71},[61,47364,41741],{"class":79},[61,47366,154],{"class":75},[61,47368,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379,47381],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,47370,130],{"class":129},[61,47372,109],{"class":75},[61,47374,1279],{"class":105},[61,47376,109],{"class":75},[61,47378,1786],{"class":71},[61,47380,47348],{"class":79},[61,47382,154],{"class":75},[14,47384,157],{},[52,47386,47388],{"className":54,"code":47387,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[18,47389,47390,47394,47398,47404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47391,47392],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47393,46375],{"class":79},[61,47395,47396],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47397,46375],{"class":79},[61,47399,47400,47402],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,47401,1786],{"class":71},[61,47403,46375],{"class":79},[61,47405,47406,47408],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,47407,1786],{"class":71},[61,47409,46375],{"class":79},[14,47411,47412],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[26,47414,47415,47422],{},[29,47416,47417,41912,47420],{},[18,47418,47419],{},"int(3.9)",[18,47421,1827],{},[29,47423,47424,41912,47427],{},[18,47425,47426],{},"int(-3.9)",[18,47428,47429],{},"-3",[14,47431,47432,47433,47437,47438,244],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[235,47434,47435],{"href":2641},[18,47436,2644],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[235,47439,47440],{"href":41932},[18,47441,47442],{},"str()",[47,47444,8175,47446,47448],{"id":47445},"using-int-with-booleans",[18,47447,2637],{}," with booleans",[14,47450,47451],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[52,47453,47455],{"className":54,"code":47454,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[18,47456,47457,47471],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47458,47459,47461,47463,47465,47467,47469],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47460,130],{"class":129},[61,47462,109],{"class":75},[61,47464,1279],{"class":105},[61,47466,109],{"class":75},[61,47468,3361],{"class":3609},[61,47470,154],{"class":75},[61,47472,47473,47475,47477,47479,47481,47483],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47474,130],{"class":129},[61,47476,109],{"class":75},[61,47478,1279],{"class":105},[61,47480,109],{"class":75},[61,47482,3431],{"class":3609},[61,47484,154],{"class":75},[14,47486,157],{},[52,47488,47490],{"className":54,"code":47489,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n0\n",[18,47491,47492,47496],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47493,47494],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47495,46675],{"class":79},[61,47497,47498],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47499,47010],{"class":79},[14,47501,47502],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[52,47504,47506],{"className":54,"code":47505,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,47507,47508,47517,47532,47536],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47509,47510,47513,47515],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47511,47512],{"class":67},"passed ",[61,47514,72],{"class":71},[61,47516,6182],{"class":3609},[61,47518,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47530],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47520,40939],{"class":67},[61,47522,72],{"class":71},[61,47524,45034],{"class":105},[61,47526,109],{"class":75},[61,47528,47529],{"class":112},"passed",[61,47531,116],{"class":75},[61,47533,47534],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,47535,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,47537,47538,47540,47542,47544],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,47539,130],{"class":129},[61,47541,109],{"class":75},[61,47543,40968],{"class":112},[61,47545,116],{"class":75},[14,47547,157],{},[52,47549,47550],{"className":54,"code":46675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,47551,47552],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47553,47554],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47555,46675],{"class":79},[14,47557,47558,47559,244],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[235,47560,47561,2064],{"href":5539},[18,47562,3571],{},[47,47564,47566],{"id":47565},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47568,47569,47570,47573],{},"Use the ",[18,47571,47572],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[408,47575,47577],{"id":47576},"binary-example","Binary example",[52,47579,47581],{"className":54,"code":47580,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,47582,47583],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47584,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597,47599,47601,47603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47586,130],{"class":129},[61,47588,109],{"class":75},[61,47590,1279],{"class":105},[61,47592,109],{"class":75},[61,47594,816],{"class":190},[61,47596,46350],{"class":194},[61,47598,816],{"class":190},[61,47600,83],{"class":75},[61,47602,86],{"class":79},[61,47604,154],{"class":75},[14,47606,157],{},[52,47608,47609],{"className":54,"code":2707,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,47610,47611],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47612,47613],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47614,2707],{"class":79},[14,47616,47617,47620],{},[18,47618,47619],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[26,47622,47623,47628,47633],{},[29,47624,47625],{},[18,47626,47627],{},"1 × 4",[29,47629,47630],{},[18,47631,47632],{},"0 × 2",[29,47634,47635],{},[18,47636,47637],{},"1 × 1",[14,47639,47640,47641,244],{},"So the result is ",[18,47642,645],{},[408,47644,47646],{"id":47645},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[52,47648,47650],{"className":54,"code":47649,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47651,47652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47653,47654,47656,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670,47672],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47655,130],{"class":129},[61,47657,109],{"class":75},[61,47659,1279],{"class":105},[61,47661,109],{"class":75},[61,47663,816],{"class":190},[61,47665,46775],{"class":194},[61,47667,816],{"class":190},[61,47669,83],{"class":75},[61,47671,13743],{"class":79},[61,47673,154],{"class":75},[14,47675,157],{},[52,47677,47678],{"className":54,"code":46804,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,47679,47680],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47681,47682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47683,46804],{"class":79},[408,47685,47687],{"id":47686},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47689,1744,47690,47692],{},[18,47691,47572],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,47694,47695],{},"Good:",[52,47697,47698],{"className":54,"code":47580,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,47699,47700],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47701,47702,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712,47714,47716,47718,47720],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47703,130],{"class":129},[61,47705,109],{"class":75},[61,47707,1279],{"class":105},[61,47709,109],{"class":75},[61,47711,816],{"class":190},[61,47713,46350],{"class":194},[61,47715,816],{"class":190},[61,47717,83],{"class":75},[61,47719,86],{"class":79},[61,47721,154],{"class":75},[14,47723,47724],{},"Not correct:",[52,47726,47728],{"className":54,"code":47727,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# int(101, 2)\n",[18,47729,47730],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47731,47732],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47733,47727],{"class":3420},[14,47735,47736,47737,8360,47739,47741],{},"That causes a ",[18,47738,1272],{},[18,47740,47572],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[47,47743,47745],{"id":47744},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,47747,47748,47749,47751,47752,4154,47754,244],{},"Two common errors with ",[18,47750,2637],{}," are ",[18,47753,40461],{},[18,47755,1272],{},[408,47757,47758],{"id":41270},[18,47759,40461],{},[14,47761,47762],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,47764,1109],{},[52,47766,47768],{"className":54,"code":47767,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,47769,47770,47776,47794,47806],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47771,47772,47774],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47773,29559],{"class":3634},[61,47775,6152],{"class":75},[61,47777,47778,47780,47782,47784,47786,47788,47790,47792],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47779,7827],{"class":129},[61,47781,109],{"class":75},[61,47783,1279],{"class":105},[61,47785,109],{"class":75},[61,47787,816],{"class":190},[61,47789,39900],{"class":194},[61,47791,816],{"class":190},[61,47793,154],{"class":75},[61,47795,47796,47798,47800,47802,47804],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,47797,29590],{"class":3634},[61,47799,41683],{"class":105},[61,47801,47116],{"class":3634},[61,47803,47119],{"class":67},[61,47805,6152],{"class":75},[61,47807,47808,47810,47812,47814],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,47809,7827],{"class":129},[61,47811,109],{"class":75},[61,47813,47148],{"class":112},[61,47815,116],{"class":75},[14,47817,157],{},[52,47819,47821],{"className":54,"code":47820,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[18,47822,47823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47824,47825,47828,47830,47832,47834,47836,47838,47840,47842,47844,47846],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47826,47827],{"class":67},"invalid literal ",[61,47829,5717],{"class":3634},[61,47831,45034],{"class":105},[61,47833,1637],{"class":75},[61,47835,47184],{"class":3634},[61,47837,47187],{"class":67},[61,47839,430],{"class":79},[61,47841,824],{"class":75},[61,47843,191],{"class":190},[61,47845,39900],{"class":194},[61,47847,29455],{"class":190},[14,47849,47850,47851,47854,47855,47857],{},"A decimal string like ",[18,47852,47853],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[18,47856,2637],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[52,47859,47861],{"className":54,"code":47860,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[18,47862,47863],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47864,47865,47867,47869,47871,47873,47875,47877,47879,47881,47883],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47866,130],{"class":129},[61,47868,109],{"class":75},[61,47870,1279],{"class":105},[61,47872,109],{"class":75},[61,47874,1954],{"class":105},[61,47876,109],{"class":75},[61,47878,816],{"class":190},[61,47880,39900],{"class":194},[61,47882,816],{"class":190},[61,47884,2672],{"class":75},[14,47886,157],{},[52,47888,47889],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,47890,47891],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47892,47893],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47894,46375],{"class":79},[14,47896,47897,47898,4154,47901,244],{},"If you see this often, read ",[235,47899,47900],{"href":2722},"how to convert string to int in Python",[235,47902,25436,47903],{"href":45674},[18,47904,45675],{},[408,47906,47907],{"id":41336},[18,47908,1272],{},[14,47910,47911],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,47913,1109],{},[52,47915,47917],{"className":54,"code":47916,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,47918,47919,47925,47939,47952],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47920,47921,47923],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47922,29559],{"class":3634},[61,47924,6152],{"class":75},[61,47926,47927,47929,47931,47933,47935,47937],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,47928,7827],{"class":129},[61,47930,109],{"class":75},[61,47932,1279],{"class":105},[61,47934,109],{"class":75},[61,47936,3536],{"class":3609},[61,47938,154],{"class":75},[61,47940,47941,47943,47946,47948,47950],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,47942,29590],{"class":3634},[61,47944,47945],{"class":105}," TypeError",[61,47947,47116],{"class":3634},[61,47949,47119],{"class":67},[61,47951,6152],{"class":75},[61,47953,47954,47956,47958,47960],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,47955,7827],{"class":129},[61,47957,109],{"class":75},[61,47959,47148],{"class":112},[61,47961,116],{"class":75},[14,47963,157],{},[52,47965,47967],{"className":54,"code":47966,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[18,47968,47969],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47970,47971,47973,47975,47978,47980,47982,47985,47987,47990,47992,47995,47997,47999,48001,48003,48006],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47972,1279],{"class":105},[61,47974,1637],{"class":75},[61,47976,47977],{"class":67}," argument must be a string",[61,47979,83],{"class":75},[61,47981,44302],{"class":67},[61,47983,47984],{"class":105},"bytes",[61,47986,1786],{"class":71},[61,47988,47989],{"class":67},"like ",[61,47991,42156],{"class":105},[61,47993,47994],{"class":71}," or",[61,47996,40597],{"class":67},[61,47998,83],{"class":75},[61,48000,1290],{"class":71},[61,48002,191],{"class":190},[61,48004,48005],{"class":194},"NoneType",[61,48007,29455],{"class":190},[14,48009,48010,48011,48013],{},"Another example is using the ",[18,48012,47572],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[52,48015,48017],{"className":54,"code":48016,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48018,48019,48025,48043,48055],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48020,48021,48023],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48022,29559],{"class":3634},[61,48024,6152],{"class":75},[61,48026,48027,48029,48031,48033,48035,48037,48039,48041],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48028,7827],{"class":129},[61,48030,109],{"class":75},[61,48032,1279],{"class":105},[61,48034,109],{"class":75},[61,48036,46350],{"class":79},[61,48038,83],{"class":75},[61,48040,86],{"class":79},[61,48042,154],{"class":75},[61,48044,48045,48047,48049,48051,48053],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,48046,29590],{"class":3634},[61,48048,47945],{"class":105},[61,48050,47116],{"class":3634},[61,48052,47119],{"class":67},[61,48054,6152],{"class":75},[61,48056,48057,48059,48061,48063],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,48058,7827],{"class":129},[61,48060,109],{"class":75},[61,48062,47148],{"class":112},[61,48064,116],{"class":75},[14,48066,157],{},[52,48068,48070],{"className":54,"code":48069,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[18,48071,48072],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48073,48074,48076,48078,48081,48083],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48075,1279],{"class":105},[61,48077,1637],{"class":75},[61,48079,48080],{"class":67}," can",[61,48082,198],{"class":190},[61,48084,48085],{"class":194},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[47,48087,4723,48089],{"id":48088},"when-to-use-int",[18,48090,2637],{},[14,48092,204,48093,48095],{},[18,48094,2637],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48097,48098],{},"Common uses:",[26,48100,48101,48107,48110,48113],{},[29,48102,48103,48104,48106],{},"Convert user input from ",[18,48105,2718],{}," into integers",[29,48108,48109],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[29,48111,48112],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[29,48114,48115,48116,36372],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[18,48117,47572],{},[14,48119,48120],{},"Example with user input:",[52,48122,48124],{"className":54,"code":48123,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[18,48125,48126,48140,48155,48159],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48127,48128,48131,48133,48135,48138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48129,48130],{"class":67},"age_text ",[61,48132,72],{"class":71},[61,48134,522],{"class":190},[61,48136,48137],{"class":194},"18",[61,48139,528],{"class":190},[61,48141,48142,48144,48146,48148,48150,48153],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48143,21385],{"class":67},[61,48145,72],{"class":71},[61,48147,45034],{"class":105},[61,48149,109],{"class":75},[61,48151,48152],{"class":112},"age_text",[61,48154,116],{"class":75},[61,48156,48157],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,48158,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,48160,48161,48163,48165,48167,48169,48171],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,48162,130],{"class":129},[61,48164,109],{"class":75},[61,48166,21385],{"class":112},[61,48168,1824],{"class":71},[61,48170,680],{"class":79},[61,48172,116],{"class":75},[14,48174,157],{},[52,48176,48178],{"className":54,"code":48177,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"19\n",[18,48179,48180],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48181,48182],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48183,48177],{"class":79},[47,48185,2590],{"id":2589},[14,48187,14488,48188,244],{},[18,48189,2637],{},[408,48191,48193],{"id":48192},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48195,48196],{},"This fails:",[52,48198,48200],{"className":54,"code":48199,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[18,48201,48202],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48203,48204],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48205,48199],{"class":3420},[14,48207,48208,48209,48212],{},"Why: ",[18,48210,48211],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48214,18596],{},[52,48216,48218],{"className":54,"code":48217,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[18,48219,48220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48221,48222,48224,48226,48228,48230,48232,48234,48236,48238,48240],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48223,130],{"class":129},[61,48225,109],{"class":75},[61,48227,1279],{"class":105},[61,48229,109],{"class":75},[61,48231,1954],{"class":105},[61,48233,109],{"class":75},[61,48235,816],{"class":190},[61,48237,40880],{"class":194},[61,48239,816],{"class":190},[61,48241,2672],{"class":75},[408,48243,48245],{"id":48244},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48247,48196],{},[52,48249,48251],{"className":54,"code":48250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[18,48252,48253],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48254,48255],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48256,48250],{"class":3420},[14,48258,48259],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[408,48261,48263,48264],{"id":48262},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[18,48265,48266],{},"int(None)",[14,48268,48269,48270,48272],{},"This fails because ",[18,48271,3536],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[52,48274,48276],{"className":54,"code":48275,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48277,48278,48287,48291,48297,48311,48323],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48279,48280,48282,48284],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48281,1580],{"class":67},[61,48283,72],{"class":71},[61,48285,48286],{"class":3609}," None\n",[61,48288,48289],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48290,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,48292,48293,48295],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,48294,29559],{"class":3634},[61,48296,6152],{"class":75},[61,48298,48299,48301,48303,48305,48307,48309],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,48300,7827],{"class":129},[61,48302,109],{"class":75},[61,48304,1279],{"class":105},[61,48306,109],{"class":75},[61,48308,1605],{"class":112},[61,48310,154],{"class":75},[61,48312,48313,48315,48317,48319,48321],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,48314,29590],{"class":3634},[61,48316,47945],{"class":105},[61,48318,47116],{"class":3634},[61,48320,47119],{"class":67},[61,48322,6152],{"class":75},[61,48324,48325,48327,48329,48331],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,48326,7827],{"class":129},[61,48328,109],{"class":75},[61,48330,47148],{"class":112},[61,48332,116],{"class":75},[408,48334,48336],{"id":48335},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48338,48196],{},[52,48340,48341],{"className":54,"code":47727,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,48342,48343],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48344,48345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48346,47727],{"class":3420},[14,48348,48349],{},"Use a string instead:",[52,48351,48352],{"className":54,"code":47580,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,48353,48354],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48355,48356,48358,48360,48362,48364,48366,48368,48370,48372,48374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48357,130],{"class":129},[61,48359,109],{"class":75},[61,48361,1279],{"class":105},[61,48363,109],{"class":75},[61,48365,816],{"class":190},[61,48367,46350],{"class":194},[61,48369,816],{"class":190},[61,48371,83],{"class":75},[61,48373,86],{"class":79},[61,48375,154],{"class":75},[408,48377,8211,48379,48381],{"id":48378},"expecting-int-to-round",[18,48380,2637],{}," to round",[14,48383,48384],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[52,48386,48388],{"className":54,"code":48387,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(4.9))\n",[18,48389,48390],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48391,48392,48394,48396,48398,48400,48403],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48393,130],{"class":129},[61,48395,109],{"class":75},[61,48397,1279],{"class":105},[61,48399,109],{"class":75},[61,48401,48402],{"class":79},"4.9",[61,48404,154],{"class":75},[14,48406,157],{},[52,48408,48410],{"className":54,"code":48409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4\n",[18,48411,48412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48413,48414],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48415,48409],{"class":79},[14,48417,2928,48418,48420,48421,48423],{},[18,48419,645],{},", remember that ",[18,48422,2637],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[47,48425,1620],{"id":1619},[408,48427,12459,48429,48431],{"id":48428},"does-int-round-numbers",[18,48430,2637],{}," round numbers?",[14,48433,46123,48434,48436],{},[18,48435,2637],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[408,48438,4921,48440,48443],{"id":48439},"why-does-int314-fail",[18,48441,48442],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48445,28818,48446,48448,48449,48451,48452,39686],{},[18,48447,47853],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[18,48450,2644],{}," first, then use ",[18,48453,2637],{},[408,48455,4905,48457,12471],{"id":48456},"what-does-inttrue-return",[18,48458,48459],{},"int(True)",[14,48461,4911,48462,28070,48464,41912,48466,244],{},[18,48463,80],{},[18,48465,3431],{},[18,48467,675],{},[408,48469,48471],{"id":48470},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48473,48474],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[47,48476,1664],{"id":1663},[26,48478,48479,48485,48491,48497,48502,48506,48512],{},[29,48480,48481],{},[235,48482,48483,3265],{"href":2641},[18,48484,2644],{},[29,48486,48487],{},[235,48488,48489,3265],{"href":41932},[18,48490,47442],{},[29,48492,48493],{},[235,48494,48495,3265],{"href":5539},[18,48496,3571],{},[29,48498,48499],{},[235,48500,48501],{"href":2722},"How to convert string to int in Python",[29,48503,48504],{},[235,48505,8817],{"href":8739},[29,48507,48508],{},[235,48509,48510,3265],{"href":7976},[18,48511,2718],{},[29,48513,48514],{},[235,48515,30102,48516],{"href":45674},[18,48517,45675],{},[1693,48519,48520],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":48522},[48523,48524,48526,48530,48535,48537,48539,48544,48548,48550,48559,48568],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":46387,"depth":97,"text":48525},"What int() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248,"children":48527},[48528,48529],{"id":46578,"depth":119,"text":46581},{"id":46678,"depth":119,"text":46681},{"id":46814,"depth":97,"text":48531,"children":48532},"Using int() with strings",[48533,48534],{"id":46936,"depth":119,"text":46937},{"id":47024,"depth":119,"text":47025},{"id":47299,"depth":97,"text":48536},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47445,"depth":97,"text":48538},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47565,"depth":97,"text":47566,"children":48540},[48541,48542,48543],{"id":47576,"depth":119,"text":47577},{"id":47645,"depth":119,"text":47646},{"id":47686,"depth":119,"text":47687},{"id":47744,"depth":97,"text":47745,"children":48545},[48546,48547],{"id":41270,"depth":119,"text":40461},{"id":41336,"depth":119,"text":1272},{"id":48088,"depth":97,"text":48549},"When to use int()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":48551},[48552,48553,48554,48556,48557],{"id":48192,"depth":119,"text":48193},{"id":48244,"depth":119,"text":48245},{"id":48262,"depth":119,"text":48555},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48335,"depth":119,"text":48336},{"id":48378,"depth":119,"text":48558},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":48560},[48561,48563,48565,48567],{"id":48428,"depth":119,"text":48562},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48439,"depth":119,"text":48564},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48456,"depth":119,"text":48566},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48470,"depth":119,"text":48471},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41853,"description":48569},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48576,"title":48577,"body":48578,"description":50412,"extension":1727,"meta":50413,"navigation":122,"path":44560,"seo":50414,"stem":50415,"__hash__":50416},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48579,"toc":50368},[48580,48585,48590,48598,48607,48609,48668,48674,48679,48684,48686,48713,48716,48719,48730,48740,48742,48744,48764,48768,48796,48798,48837,48839,48847,48849,48852,48856,48909,48911,48923,48927,48984,48986,48998,49004,49010,49014,49017,49020,49086,49088,49100,49106,49108,49160,49163,49204,49207,49214,49223,49229,49232,49265,49271,49274,49305,49311,49314,49326,49330,49335,49339,49497,49499,49514,49517,49521,49625,49627,49644,49648,49709,49711,49719,49722,49726,49793,49795,49804,49810,49812,49821,49823,49858,49863,49865,49895,49899,49901,49938,49941,49943,49980,49986,49988,50038,50040,50048,50058,50064,50068,50073,50122,50124,50137,50140,50142,50145,50220,50223,50242,50245,50275,50285,50287,50292,50299,50305,50311,50318,50326,50332,50335,50337,50365],[10,48581,3332,48583,3336],{"id":48582},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[18,48584,44563],{},[14,48586,48587,48589],{},[18,48588,44563],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48591,48592,48593,2638,48595,48597],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[18,48594,3361],{},[18,48596,3431],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48599,48600,48601,48603,48604,48606],{},"In many cases, ",[18,48602,44563],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[18,48605,2063],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[47,48608,3366],{"id":3365},[52,48610,48612],{"className":54,"code":48611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[18,48613,48614,48622,48626,48647],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48615,48616,48618,48620],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48617,1580],{"class":67},[61,48619,72],{"class":71},[61,48621,2346],{"class":79},[61,48623,48624],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48625,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,48627,48628,48630,48632,48635,48637,48639,48641,48643,48645],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,48629,130],{"class":129},[61,48631,109],{"class":75},[61,48633,48634],{"class":129},"isinstance",[61,48636,109],{"class":75},[61,48638,1605],{"class":112},[61,48640,83],{"class":75},[61,48642,45034],{"class":105},[61,48644,5122],{"class":75},[61,48646,43613],{"class":3420},[61,48648,48649,48651,48653,48655,48657,48659,48661,48664,48666],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,48650,130],{"class":129},[61,48652,109],{"class":75},[61,48654,48634],{"class":129},[61,48656,109],{"class":75},[61,48658,1605],{"class":112},[61,48660,83],{"class":75},[61,48662,48663],{"class":105}," str",[61,48665,5122],{"class":75},[61,48667,43630],{"class":3420},[14,48669,204,48670,48673],{},[18,48671,48672],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[47,48675,3435,48677,3438],{"id":48676},"what-isinstance-does",[18,48678,44563],{},[14,48680,48681,48683],{},[18,48682,44563],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48685,219],{},[26,48687,48688,48691,48697,48700],{},[29,48689,48690],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[29,48692,11177,48693,2638,48695],{},[18,48694,3361],{},[18,48696,3431],{},[29,48698,48699],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[29,48701,48702,48703,1951,48705,1951,48707,1951,48709,16829,48711],{},"Is commonly used with ",[18,48704,3199],{},[18,48706,1279],{},[18,48708,7852],{},[18,48710,195],{},[18,48712,8580],{},[14,48714,48715],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,48717,48718],{},"For example, you might want to:",[26,48720,48721,48724,48727],{},[29,48722,48723],{},"loop through a list",[29,48725,48726],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[29,48728,48729],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,48731,48732,48733,2638,48736,244],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[235,48734,44555],{"href":48735},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[235,48737,48739],{"href":48738},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[47,48741,248],{"id":247},[14,48743,1922],{},[52,48745,48747],{"className":54,"code":48746,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[18,48748,48749],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48750,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759,48762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48752,48634],{"class":129},[61,48754,109],{"class":75},[61,48756,42156],{"class":105},[61,48758,83],{"class":75},[61,48760,48761],{"class":112}," classinfo",[61,48763,116],{"class":75},[408,48765,48767],{"id":48766},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[26,48769,48770,48775,48789],{},[29,48771,48772,48774],{},[18,48773,42156],{}," is the value you want to test",[29,48776,48777,48780,48781,1951,48783,1951,48785,1955,48787],{},[18,48778,48779],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[18,48782,1279],{},[18,48784,3199],{},[18,48786,7852],{},[18,48788,8580],{},[29,48790,48791,48792,2638,48794],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[18,48793,3361],{},[18,48795,3431],{},[14,48797,1109],{},[52,48799,48801],{"className":54,"code":48800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[18,48802,48803,48815,48819],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48804,48805,48807,48809,48811,48813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48806,7634],{"class":67},[61,48808,72],{"class":71},[61,48810,522],{"class":190},[61,48812,11262],{"class":194},[61,48814,528],{"class":190},[61,48816,48817],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48818,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,48820,48821,48823,48825,48827,48829,48831,48833,48835],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,48822,130],{"class":129},[61,48824,109],{"class":75},[61,48826,48634],{"class":129},[61,48828,109],{"class":75},[61,48830,819],{"class":112},[61,48832,83],{"class":75},[61,48834,48663],{"class":105},[61,48836,154],{"class":75},[14,48838,157],{},[52,48840,48841],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,48842,48843],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48844,48845],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48846,3738],{"class":3609},[47,48848,11228],{"id":11227},[14,48850,48851],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[408,48853,48855],{"id":48854},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[52,48857,48859],{"className":54,"code":48858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[18,48860,48861,48869,48873,48891],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48862,48863,48865,48867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48864,1580],{"class":67},[61,48866,72],{"class":71},[61,48868,44983],{"class":79},[61,48870,48871],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48872,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,48874,48875,48877,48879,48881,48883,48885,48887,48889],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,48876,130],{"class":129},[61,48878,109],{"class":75},[61,48880,48634],{"class":129},[61,48882,109],{"class":75},[61,48884,1605],{"class":112},[61,48886,83],{"class":75},[61,48888,45034],{"class":105},[61,48890,154],{"class":75},[61,48892,48893,48895,48897,48899,48901,48903,48905,48907],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,48894,130],{"class":129},[61,48896,109],{"class":75},[61,48898,48634],{"class":129},[61,48900,109],{"class":75},[61,48902,1605],{"class":112},[61,48904,83],{"class":75},[61,48906,48663],{"class":105},[61,48908,154],{"class":75},[14,48910,157],{},[52,48912,48913],{"className":54,"code":43932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,48914,48915,48919],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48916,48917],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48918,3738],{"class":3609},[61,48920,48921],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48922,3799],{"class":3609},[408,48924,48926],{"id":48925},"check-text","Check text",[52,48928,48930],{"className":54,"code":48929,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[18,48931,48932,48944,48948,48966],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48933,48934,48936,48938,48940,48942],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48935,517],{"class":67},[61,48937,72],{"class":71},[61,48939,522],{"class":190},[61,48941,1323],{"class":194},[61,48943,528],{"class":190},[61,48945,48946],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48947,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,48949,48950,48952,48954,48956,48958,48960,48962,48964],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,48951,130],{"class":129},[61,48953,109],{"class":75},[61,48955,48634],{"class":129},[61,48957,109],{"class":75},[61,48959,541],{"class":112},[61,48961,83],{"class":75},[61,48963,48663],{"class":105},[61,48965,154],{"class":75},[61,48967,48968,48970,48972,48974,48976,48978,48980,48982],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,48969,130],{"class":129},[61,48971,109],{"class":75},[61,48973,48634],{"class":129},[61,48975,109],{"class":75},[61,48977,541],{"class":112},[61,48979,83],{"class":75},[61,48981,45034],{"class":105},[61,48983,154],{"class":75},[14,48985,157],{},[52,48987,48988],{"className":54,"code":43932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,48989,48990,48994],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48991,48992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48993,3738],{"class":3609},[61,48995,48996],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,48997,3799],{"class":3609},[14,48999,49000,49001,49003],{},"In both examples, ",[18,49002,44563],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49005,49006,49007,244],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[235,49008,49009],{"href":2722},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[47,49011,49013],{"id":49012},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49015,49016],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49018,49019],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[52,49021,49023],{"className":54,"code":49022,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[18,49024,49025,49034,49038,49062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49026,49027,49029,49031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49028,1580],{"class":67},[61,49030,72],{"class":71},[61,49032,49033],{"class":79}," 3.5\n",[61,49035,49036],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49037,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,49039,49040,49042,49044,49046,49048,49050,49052,49054,49056,49058,49060],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,49041,130],{"class":129},[61,49043,109],{"class":75},[61,49045,48634],{"class":129},[61,49047,109],{"class":75},[61,49049,1605],{"class":112},[61,49051,83],{"class":75},[61,49053,1048],{"class":75},[61,49055,1279],{"class":105},[61,49057,83],{"class":75},[61,49059,40012],{"class":105},[61,49061,2672],{"class":75},[61,49063,49064,49066,49068,49070,49072,49074,49076,49078,49080,49082,49084],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,49065,130],{"class":129},[61,49067,109],{"class":75},[61,49069,48634],{"class":129},[61,49071,109],{"class":75},[61,49073,1605],{"class":112},[61,49075,83],{"class":75},[61,49077,1048],{"class":75},[61,49079,3199],{"class":105},[61,49081,83],{"class":75},[61,49083,22317],{"class":105},[61,49085,2672],{"class":75},[14,49087,157],{},[52,49089,49090],{"className":54,"code":43932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,49091,49092,49096],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49093,49094],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49095,3738],{"class":3609},[61,49097,49098],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49099,3799],{"class":3609},[14,49101,49102,49103,49105],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[18,49104,40594],{}," conditions.",[14,49107,8055],{},[52,49109,49111],{"className":54,"code":49110,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[18,49112,49113,49121,49125],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49114,49115,49117,49119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49116,1580],{"class":67},[61,49118,72],{"class":71},[61,49120,49033],{"class":79},[61,49122,49123],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49124,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,49126,49127,49129,49131,49133,49135,49137,49139,49141,49143,49145,49148,49150,49152,49154,49156,49158],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,49128,130],{"class":129},[61,49130,109],{"class":75},[61,49132,147],{"class":105},[61,49134,109],{"class":75},[61,49136,1605],{"class":112},[61,49138,3417],{"class":75},[61,49140,6167],{"class":71},[61,49142,45034],{"class":105},[61,49144,47994],{"class":3634},[61,49146,49147],{"class":105}," type",[61,49149,109],{"class":75},[61,49151,1605],{"class":112},[61,49153,3417],{"class":75},[61,49155,6167],{"class":71},[61,49157,40012],{"class":105},[61,49159,116],{"class":75},[14,49161,49162],{},"you can write this:",[52,49164,49166],{"className":54,"code":49165,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,49167,49168,49176,49180],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49169,49170,49172,49174],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49171,1580],{"class":67},[61,49173,72],{"class":71},[61,49175,49033],{"class":79},[61,49177,49178],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49179,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,49181,49182,49184,49186,49188,49190,49192,49194,49196,49198,49200,49202],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,49183,130],{"class":129},[61,49185,109],{"class":75},[61,49187,48634],{"class":129},[61,49189,109],{"class":75},[61,49191,1605],{"class":112},[61,49193,83],{"class":75},[61,49195,1048],{"class":75},[61,49197,1279],{"class":105},[61,49199,83],{"class":75},[61,49201,40012],{"class":105},[61,49203,2672],{"class":75},[14,49205,49206],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[47,49208,49210,10337,49212],{"id":49209},"isinstance-vs-type",[18,49211,44563],{},[18,49213,2063],{},[14,49215,10342,49216,4154,49218,49222],{},[18,49217,44563],{},[235,49219,49220],{"href":2060},[18,49221,2063],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[408,49224,49226],{"id":49225},"typevalue-int",[18,49227,49228],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49230,49231],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[52,49233,49235],{"className":54,"code":49234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[18,49236,49237,49245],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49238,49239,49241,49243],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49240,1580],{"class":67},[61,49242,72],{"class":71},[61,49244,2346],{"class":79},[61,49246,49247,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257,49259,49261,49263],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49248,130],{"class":129},[61,49250,109],{"class":75},[61,49252,147],{"class":105},[61,49254,109],{"class":75},[61,49256,1605],{"class":112},[61,49258,3417],{"class":75},[61,49260,6167],{"class":71},[61,49262,45034],{"class":105},[61,49264,116],{"class":75},[408,49266,49268],{"id":49267},"isinstancevalue-int",[18,49269,49270],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49272,49273],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[52,49275,49277],{"className":54,"code":49276,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,49278,49279,49287],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49280,49281,49283,49285],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49282,1580],{"class":67},[61,49284,72],{"class":71},[61,49286,2346],{"class":79},[61,49288,49289,49291,49293,49295,49297,49299,49301,49303],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49290,130],{"class":129},[61,49292,109],{"class":75},[61,49294,48634],{"class":129},[61,49296,109],{"class":75},[61,49298,1605],{"class":112},[61,49300,83],{"class":75},[61,49302,45034],{"class":105},[61,49304,154],{"class":75},[14,49306,49307,49308,49310],{},"For beginners, ",[18,49309,44563],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49312,49313],{},"In everyday code:",[26,49315,49316,49321],{},[29,49317,39747,49318,49320],{},[18,49319,2063],{}," when you need the exact type",[29,49322,39747,49323,49325],{},[18,49324,44563],{}," when you want a practical type check",[47,49327,49329],{"id":49328},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49331,49332,49333,244],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[18,49334,44563],{},[408,49336,49338],{"id":49337},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[52,49340,49342],{"className":54,"code":49341,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[18,49343,49344,49362,49381,49393,49398,49416,49427,49431,49443,49447,49471],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49345,49346,49348,49351,49353,49355,49357,49360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49347,34606],{"class":186},[61,49349,49350],{"class":34609}," repeat_text",[61,49352,109],{"class":75},[61,49354,541],{"class":37419},[61,49356,83],{"class":75},[61,49358,49359],{"class":37419}," count",[61,49361,8099],{"class":75},[61,49363,49364,49366,49368,49371,49373,49375,49377,49379],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49365,6157],{"class":3634},[61,49367,1290],{"class":71},[61,49369,49370],{"class":129}," isinstance",[61,49372,109],{"class":75},[61,49374,541],{"class":112},[61,49376,83],{"class":75},[61,49378,48663],{"class":105},[61,49380,8099],{"class":75},[61,49382,49383,49386,49388,49391],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,49384,49385],{"class":3634},"        return",[61,49387,522],{"class":190},[61,49389,49390],{"class":194},"text must be a string",[61,49392,528],{"class":190},[61,49394,49395],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,49396,49397],{"class":67},"    \n",[61,49399,49400,49402,49404,49406,49408,49410,49412,49414],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,49401,6157],{"class":3634},[61,49403,1290],{"class":71},[61,49405,49370],{"class":129},[61,49407,109],{"class":75},[61,49409,41016],{"class":112},[61,49411,83],{"class":75},[61,49413,45034],{"class":105},[61,49415,8099],{"class":75},[61,49417,49418,49420,49422,49425],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,49419,49385],{"class":3634},[61,49421,522],{"class":190},[61,49423,49424],{"class":194},"count must be an integer",[61,49426,528],{"class":190},[61,49428,49429],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,49430,49397],{"class":67},[61,49432,49433,49435,49438,49440],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,49434,34617],{"class":3634},[61,49436,49437],{"class":67}," text ",[61,49439,39629],{"class":71},[61,49441,49442],{"class":67}," count\n",[61,49444,49445],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,49446,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,49448,49449,49451,49453,49456,49458,49460,49463,49465,49467,49469],{"class":63,"line":6196},[61,49450,130],{"class":129},[61,49452,109],{"class":75},[61,49454,49455],{"class":112},"repeat_text",[61,49457,109],{"class":75},[61,49459,816],{"class":190},[61,49461,49462],{"class":194},"Hi ",[61,49464,816],{"class":190},[61,49466,83],{"class":75},[61,49468,91],{"class":79},[61,49470,154],{"class":75},[61,49472,49473,49475,49477,49479,49481,49483,49485,49487,49489,49491,49493,49495],{"class":63,"line":11348},[61,49474,130],{"class":129},[61,49476,109],{"class":75},[61,49478,49455],{"class":112},[61,49480,109],{"class":75},[61,49482,816],{"class":190},[61,49484,49462],{"class":194},[61,49486,816],{"class":190},[61,49488,83],{"class":75},[61,49490,522],{"class":190},[61,49492,1827],{"class":194},[61,49494,816],{"class":190},[61,49496,154],{"class":75},[14,49498,157],{},[52,49500,49502],{"className":54,"code":49501,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[18,49503,49504,49509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49505,49506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49507,49508],{"class":67},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[61,49510,49511],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49512,49513],{"class":67},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49515,49516],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[408,49518,49520],{"id":49519},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[52,49522,49524],{"className":54,"code":49523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[18,49525,49526,49558,49562,49578,49593,49610],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49527,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49540,49542,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49529,1580],{"class":67},[61,49531,72],{"class":71},[61,49533,76],{"class":75},[61,49535,816],{"class":190},[61,49537,235],{"class":194},[61,49539,816],{"class":190},[61,49541,83],{"class":75},[61,49543,522],{"class":190},[61,49545,1480],{"class":194},[61,49547,816],{"class":190},[61,49549,83],{"class":75},[61,49551,522],{"class":190},[61,49553,573],{"class":194},[61,49555,816],{"class":190},[61,49557,94],{"class":75},[61,49559,49560],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49561,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,49563,49564,49566,49568,49570,49572,49574,49576],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,49565,6758],{"class":3634},[61,49567,49370],{"class":129},[61,49569,109],{"class":75},[61,49571,1605],{"class":112},[61,49573,83],{"class":75},[61,49575,48663],{"class":105},[61,49577,8099],{"class":75},[61,49579,49580,49582,49584,49586,49589,49591],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,49581,7827],{"class":129},[61,49583,109],{"class":75},[61,49585,816],{"class":190},[61,49587,49588],{"class":194},"This is text",[61,49590,816],{"class":190},[61,49592,116],{"class":75},[61,49594,49595,49598,49600,49602,49604,49606,49608],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,49596,49597],{"class":3634},"elif",[61,49599,49370],{"class":129},[61,49601,109],{"class":75},[61,49603,1605],{"class":112},[61,49605,83],{"class":75},[61,49607,22317],{"class":105},[61,49609,8099],{"class":75},[61,49611,49612,49614,49616,49618,49621,49623],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,49613,7827],{"class":129},[61,49615,109],{"class":75},[61,49617,816],{"class":190},[61,49619,49620],{"class":194},"This is a list",[61,49622,816],{"class":190},[61,49624,116],{"class":75},[14,49626,157],{},[52,49628,49630],{"className":54,"code":49629,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This is a list\n",[18,49631,49632],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49633,49634,49637,49639,49641],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49635,49636],{"class":67},"This ",[61,49638,11948],{"class":71},[61,49640,44302],{"class":67},[61,49642,49643],{"class":105},"list\n",[408,49645,49647],{"id":49646},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[52,49649,49651],{"className":54,"code":49650,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[18,49652,49653,49665,49669,49685,49699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49654,49655,49657,49659,49661,49663],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49656,1580],{"class":67},[61,49658,72],{"class":71},[61,49660,522],{"class":190},[61,49662,46284],{"class":194},[61,49664,528],{"class":190},[61,49666,49667],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49668,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,49670,49671,49673,49675,49677,49679,49681,49683],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,49672,6758],{"class":3634},[61,49674,49370],{"class":129},[61,49676,109],{"class":75},[61,49678,1605],{"class":112},[61,49680,83],{"class":75},[61,49682,48663],{"class":105},[61,49684,8099],{"class":75},[61,49686,49687,49689,49691,49693,49695,49697],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,49688,41647],{"class":67},[61,49690,72],{"class":71},[61,49692,45034],{"class":105},[61,49694,109],{"class":75},[61,49696,1605],{"class":112},[61,49698,116],{"class":75},[61,49700,49701,49703,49705,49707],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,49702,7827],{"class":129},[61,49704,109],{"class":75},[61,49706,2001],{"class":112},[61,49708,116],{"class":75},[14,49710,157],{},[52,49712,49713],{"className":54,"code":46370,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,49714,49715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49716,49717],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49718,46370],{"class":79},[14,49720,49721],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[408,49723,49725],{"id":49724},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[52,49727,49729],{"className":54,"code":49728,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[18,49730,49731,49755,49759,49775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49732,49733,49735,49737,49739,49741,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751,49753],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49734,1580],{"class":67},[61,49736,72],{"class":71},[61,49738,717],{"class":75},[61,49740,816],{"class":190},[61,49742,819],{"class":194},[61,49744,816],{"class":190},[61,49746,824],{"class":75},[61,49748,522],{"class":190},[61,49750,829],{"class":194},[61,49752,816],{"class":190},[61,49754,730],{"class":75},[61,49756,49757],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49758,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,49760,49761,49763,49765,49767,49769,49771,49773],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,49762,6758],{"class":3634},[61,49764,49370],{"class":129},[61,49766,109],{"class":75},[61,49768,1605],{"class":112},[61,49770,83],{"class":75},[61,49772,8928],{"class":105},[61,49774,8099],{"class":75},[61,49776,49777,49779,49781,49783,49785,49787,49789,49791],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,49778,7827],{"class":129},[61,49780,109],{"class":75},[61,49782,1605],{"class":112},[61,49784,3658],{"class":75},[61,49786,816],{"class":190},[61,49788,819],{"class":194},[61,49790,816],{"class":190},[61,49792,1137],{"class":75},[14,49794,157],{},[52,49796,49798],{"className":54,"code":49797,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana\n",[18,49799,49800],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49801,49802],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49803,49797],{"class":67},[14,49805,49806,49807,49809],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[18,49808,1272],{}," messages later.",[47,49811,4280],{"id":4279},[408,49813,49815,49816,10844,49819],{"id":49814},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[18,49817,49818],{},"\"int\"",[18,49820,1279],{},[14,49822,16400],{},[52,49824,49826],{"className":54,"code":49825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[18,49827,49828,49836],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49829,49830,49832,49834],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49831,1580],{"class":67},[61,49833,72],{"class":71},[61,49835,2346],{"class":79},[61,49837,49838,49840,49842,49844,49846,49848,49850,49852,49854,49856],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49839,130],{"class":129},[61,49841,109],{"class":75},[61,49843,48634],{"class":129},[61,49845,109],{"class":75},[61,49847,1605],{"class":112},[61,49849,83],{"class":75},[61,49851,522],{"class":190},[61,49853,1279],{"class":194},[61,49855,816],{"class":190},[61,49857,154],{"class":75},[14,49859,49860,49862],{},[18,49861,49818],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,49864,16412],{},[52,49866,49867],{"className":54,"code":49276,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,49868,49869,49877],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49870,49871,49873,49875],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49872,1580],{"class":67},[61,49874,72],{"class":71},[61,49876,2346],{"class":79},[61,49878,49879,49881,49883,49885,49887,49889,49891,49893],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49880,130],{"class":129},[61,49882,109],{"class":75},[61,49884,48634],{"class":129},[61,49886,109],{"class":75},[61,49888,1605],{"class":112},[61,49890,83],{"class":75},[61,49892,45034],{"class":105},[61,49894,154],{"class":75},[408,49896,49898],{"id":49897},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,49900,16400],{},[52,49902,49904],{"className":54,"code":49903,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[18,49905,49906,49914],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49907,49908,49910,49912],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49909,1580],{"class":67},[61,49911,72],{"class":71},[61,49913,34597],{"class":79},[61,49915,49916,49918,49920,49922,49924,49926,49928,49930,49932,49934,49936],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49917,130],{"class":129},[61,49919,109],{"class":75},[61,49921,48634],{"class":129},[61,49923,109],{"class":75},[61,49925,1605],{"class":112},[61,49927,83],{"class":75},[61,49929,76],{"class":75},[61,49931,1279],{"class":105},[61,49933,83],{"class":75},[61,49935,40012],{"class":105},[61,49937,2758],{"class":75},[14,49939,49940],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,49942,16412],{},[52,49944,49946],{"className":54,"code":49945,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,49947,49948,49956],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49949,49950,49952,49954],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49951,1580],{"class":67},[61,49953,72],{"class":71},[61,49955,34597],{"class":79},[61,49957,49958,49960,49962,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,49959,130],{"class":129},[61,49961,109],{"class":75},[61,49963,48634],{"class":129},[61,49965,109],{"class":75},[61,49967,1605],{"class":112},[61,49969,83],{"class":75},[61,49971,1048],{"class":75},[61,49973,1279],{"class":105},[61,49975,83],{"class":75},[61,49977,40012],{"class":105},[61,49979,2672],{"class":75},[408,49981,25531,49983,49985],{"id":49982},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[18,49984,44563],{}," converts a value",[14,49987,18669],{},[52,49989,49991],{"className":54,"code":49990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,49992,49993,50006,50024,50028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49994,49995,49997,49999,50001,50004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49996,1580],{"class":67},[61,49998,72],{"class":71},[61,50000,522],{"class":190},[61,50002,50003],{"class":194},"123",[61,50005,528],{"class":190},[61,50007,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020,50022],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50009,100],{"class":67},[61,50011,72],{"class":71},[61,50013,49370],{"class":129},[61,50015,109],{"class":75},[61,50017,1605],{"class":112},[61,50019,83],{"class":75},[61,50021,45034],{"class":105},[61,50023,116],{"class":75},[61,50025,50026],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,50027,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,50029,50030,50032,50034,50036],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,50031,130],{"class":129},[61,50033,109],{"class":75},[61,50035,135],{"class":112},[61,50037,116],{"class":75},[14,50039,157],{},[52,50041,50042],{"className":54,"code":3799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,50043,50044],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50045,50046],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50047,3799],{"class":3609},[14,50049,50050,50051,50054,50055,50057],{},"This does not convert ",[18,50052,50053],{},"\"123\""," into ",[18,50056,50003],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50059,50060,50061,6391],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[18,50062,50063],{},"int(value)",[408,50065,50067],{"id":50066},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50069,50070,50072],{},[18,50071,44563],{}," does not modify anything.",[52,50074,50076],{"className":54,"code":50075,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[18,50077,50078,50090,50094,50112],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50079,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50081,1580],{"class":67},[61,50083,72],{"class":71},[61,50085,522],{"class":190},[61,50087,13313],{"class":194},[61,50089,528],{"class":190},[61,50091,50092],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50093,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,50095,50096,50098,50100,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,50097,130],{"class":129},[61,50099,109],{"class":75},[61,50101,48634],{"class":129},[61,50103,109],{"class":75},[61,50105,1605],{"class":112},[61,50107,83],{"class":75},[61,50109,48663],{"class":105},[61,50111,154],{"class":75},[61,50113,50114,50116,50118,50120],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,50115,130],{"class":129},[61,50117,109],{"class":75},[61,50119,1605],{"class":112},[61,50121,116],{"class":75},[14,50123,157],{},[52,50125,50127],{"className":54,"code":50126,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\n100\n",[18,50128,50129,50133],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50130,50131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50132,3738],{"class":3609},[61,50134,50135],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50136,47021],{"class":79},[14,50138,50139],{},"The value stays the same.",[47,50141,25699],{"id":25698},[14,50143,50144],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[52,50146,50148],{"className":54,"code":50147,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,50149,50150,50164,50182,50206],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50151,50152,50154,50156,50158,50160,50162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50153,130],{"class":129},[61,50155,109],{"class":75},[61,50157,147],{"class":105},[61,50159,109],{"class":75},[61,50161,1605],{"class":112},[61,50163,154],{"class":75},[61,50165,50166,50168,50170,50172,50174,50176,50178,50180],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50167,130],{"class":129},[61,50169,109],{"class":75},[61,50171,48634],{"class":129},[61,50173,109],{"class":75},[61,50175,1605],{"class":112},[61,50177,83],{"class":75},[61,50179,45034],{"class":105},[61,50181,154],{"class":75},[61,50183,50184,50186,50188,50190,50192,50194,50196,50198,50200,50202,50204],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,50185,130],{"class":129},[61,50187,109],{"class":75},[61,50189,48634],{"class":129},[61,50191,109],{"class":75},[61,50193,1605],{"class":112},[61,50195,83],{"class":75},[61,50197,1048],{"class":75},[61,50199,1279],{"class":105},[61,50201,83],{"class":75},[61,50203,40012],{"class":105},[61,50205,2672],{"class":75},[61,50207,50208,50210,50212,50214,50216,50218],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,50209,130],{"class":129},[61,50211,109],{"class":75},[61,50213,41536],{"class":129},[61,50215,109],{"class":75},[61,50217,1605],{"class":112},[61,50219,154],{"class":75},[14,50221,50222],{},"These can help when:",[26,50224,50225,50228,50233,50236],{},[29,50226,50227],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[29,50229,50230,50231],{},"you are getting a ",[18,50232,1272],{},[29,50234,50235],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[29,50237,50238,50239,50241],{},"the second argument to ",[18,50240,44563],{}," is invalid",[14,50243,50244],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[26,50246,50247,50261,50267,50272],{},[29,50248,50249,50250,2638,50253,50256,50257,2638,50259],{},"using ",[18,50251,50252],{},"'int'",[18,50254,50255],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[18,50258,1279],{},[18,50260,3199],{},[29,50262,50263,50264,50266],{},"expecting ",[18,50265,44563],{}," to convert a value",[29,50268,50249,50269,50271],{},[18,50270,2063],{}," when inherited types should also match",[29,50273,50274],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50276,50277,50278,244],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[235,50279,50281,50282],{"href":50280},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[18,50283,50284],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[47,50286,1620],{"id":1619},[408,50288,4905,50290,4908],{"id":50289},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[18,50291,44563],{},[14,50293,4911,50294,50296,50297,244],{},[18,50295,3361],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[18,50298,3431],{},[408,50300,4933,50302,50304],{"id":50301},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[18,50303,44563],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50306,50307,50308,244],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[18,50309,50310],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[408,50312,4943,50314,4154,50316,2251],{"id":50313},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[18,50315,44563],{},[18,50317,2063],{},[14,50319,50320,50322,50323,50325],{},[18,50321,2063],{}," gives the exact type. ",[18,50324,44563],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[408,50327,12459,50329,50331],{"id":50328},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[18,50330,44563],{}," convert a value?",[14,50333,50334],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[47,50336,1664],{"id":1663},[26,50338,50339,50345,50349,50354,50359],{},[29,50340,50341],{},[235,50342,3332,50343,3265],{"href":2060},[18,50344,2063],{},[29,50346,50347],{},[235,50348,44555],{"href":48735},[29,50350,50351],{},[235,50352,50353],{"href":2722},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[29,50355,50356],{},[235,50357,50358],{"href":48738},"What is a data type in Python?",[29,50360,50361],{},[235,50362,50281,50363],{"href":50280},[18,50364,50284],{},[1693,50366,50367],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":50369},[50370,50371,50373,50376,50380,50381,50386,50392,50400,50401,50411],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":48676,"depth":97,"text":50372},"What isinstance() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248,"children":50374},[50375],{"id":48766,"depth":119,"text":48767},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228,"children":50377},[50378,50379],{"id":48854,"depth":119,"text":48855},{"id":48925,"depth":119,"text":48926},{"id":49012,"depth":97,"text":49013},{"id":49209,"depth":97,"text":50382,"children":50383},"isinstance() vs type()",[50384,50385],{"id":49225,"depth":119,"text":49228},{"id":49267,"depth":119,"text":49270},{"id":49328,"depth":97,"text":49329,"children":50387},[50388,50389,50390,50391],{"id":49337,"depth":119,"text":49338},{"id":49519,"depth":119,"text":49520},{"id":49646,"depth":119,"text":49647},{"id":49724,"depth":119,"text":49725},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":50393},[50394,50396,50397,50399],{"id":49814,"depth":119,"text":50395},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49897,"depth":119,"text":49898},{"id":49982,"depth":119,"text":50398},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50066,"depth":119,"text":50067},{"id":25698,"depth":97,"text":25699},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":50402},[50403,50405,50407,50409],{"id":50289,"depth":119,"text":50404},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50301,"depth":119,"text":50406},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50313,"depth":119,"text":50408},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50328,"depth":119,"text":50410},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48577,"description":50412},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50418,"title":50419,"body":50420,"description":52392,"extension":1727,"meta":52393,"navigation":122,"path":52394,"seo":52395,"stem":52396,"__hash__":52397},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50421,"toc":52367},[50422,50425,50430,50435,50449,50452,50454,50529,50534,50538,50543,50546,50560,50562,50728,50741,50743,50745,50760,50763,50766,50779,50781,50879,50883,50889,50892,50901,50903,50938,50943,50964,50969,50974,51006,51009,51066,51070,51076,51079,51132,51134,51174,51177,51245,51248,51299,51306,51310,51316,51401,51407,51413,51462,51465,51468,51518,51520,51525,51529,51579,51583,51630,51634,51711,51715,51780,51783,51787,51792,51797,51809,51811,51830,51836,51839,51858,51863,51890,51897,51901,51907,51910,52005,52008,52011,52060,52065,52067,52071,52106,52109,52166,52176,52179,52213,52216,52218,52222,52225,52229,52232,52236,52239,52243,52256,52260,52265,52267,52317,52329,52331,52364],[10,50423,50419],{"id":50424},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50426,16,50427,50429],{},[18,50428,42118],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50431,35161,50432,50434],{},[18,50433,42118],{}," to count:",[26,50436,50437,50440,50443,50446],{},[29,50438,50439],{},"characters in a string",[29,50441,50442],{},"items in a list or tuple",[29,50444,50445],{},"keys in a dictionary",[29,50447,50448],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50450,50451],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[47,50453,50],{"id":49},[52,50455,50457],{"className":54,"code":50456,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[18,50458,50459,50471,50491,50495,50512],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50460,50461,50463,50465,50467,50469],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50462,517],{"class":67},[61,50464,72],{"class":71},[61,50466,522],{"class":190},[61,50468,1323],{"class":194},[61,50470,528],{"class":190},[61,50472,50473,50475,50477,50479,50481,50483,50485,50487,50489],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50474,7539],{"class":67},[61,50476,72],{"class":71},[61,50478,76],{"class":75},[61,50480,430],{"class":79},[61,50482,83],{"class":75},[61,50484,435],{"class":79},[61,50486,83],{"class":75},[61,50488,440],{"class":79},[61,50490,94],{"class":75},[61,50492,50493],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,50494,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,50496,50497,50499,50501,50503,50505,50507,50509],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,50498,130],{"class":129},[61,50500,109],{"class":75},[61,50502,10914],{"class":129},[61,50504,109],{"class":75},[61,50506,541],{"class":112},[61,50508,5122],{"class":75},[61,50510,50511],{"class":3420},"   # 5\n",[61,50513,50514,50516,50518,50520,50522,50524,50526],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,50515,130],{"class":129},[61,50517,109],{"class":75},[61,50519,10914],{"class":129},[61,50521,109],{"class":75},[61,50523,993],{"class":112},[61,50525,5122],{"class":75},[61,50527,50528],{"class":3420},"  # 3\n",[14,50530,204,50531,50533],{},[18,50532,42118],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[47,50535,50537],{"id":50536},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50539,50540,50542],{},[18,50541,42118],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50544,50545],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[26,50547,50548,50551,50554,50557],{},[29,50549,50550],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[29,50552,50553],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[29,50555,50556],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[29,50558,50559],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50561,1109],{},[52,50563,50565],{"className":54,"code":50564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[18,50566,50567,50579,50604,50636,50656,50660,50677,50694,50711],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50568,50569,50571,50573,50575,50577],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50570,7634],{"class":67},[61,50572,72],{"class":71},[61,50574,522],{"class":190},[61,50576,7436],{"class":194},[61,50578,528],{"class":190},[61,50580,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589,50591,50593,50595,50597,50599,50602],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50582,68],{"class":67},[61,50584,72],{"class":71},[61,50586,76],{"class":75},[61,50588,430],{"class":79},[61,50590,83],{"class":75},[61,50592,435],{"class":79},[61,50594,83],{"class":75},[61,50596,440],{"class":79},[61,50598,83],{"class":75},[61,50600,50601],{"class":79}," 40",[61,50603,94],{"class":75},[61,50605,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614,50616,50618,50620,50622,50624,50626,50628,50630,50632,50634],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,50607,1459],{"class":67},[61,50609,72],{"class":71},[61,50611,717],{"class":75},[61,50613,816],{"class":190},[61,50615,235],{"class":194},[61,50617,816],{"class":190},[61,50619,824],{"class":75},[61,50621,680],{"class":79},[61,50623,83],{"class":75},[61,50625,522],{"class":190},[61,50627,1480],{"class":194},[61,50629,816],{"class":190},[61,50631,824],{"class":75},[61,50633,86],{"class":79},[61,50635,730],{"class":75},[61,50637,50638,50640,50642,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,50639,712],{"class":67},[61,50641,72],{"class":71},[61,50643,717],{"class":75},[61,50645,645],{"class":79},[61,50647,83],{"class":75},[61,50649,37400],{"class":79},[61,50651,83],{"class":75},[61,50653,1134],{"class":79},[61,50655,730],{"class":75},[61,50657,50658],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,50659,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,50661,50662,50664,50666,50668,50670,50672,50674],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,50663,130],{"class":129},[61,50665,109],{"class":75},[61,50667,10914],{"class":129},[61,50669,109],{"class":75},[61,50671,819],{"class":112},[61,50673,5122],{"class":75},[61,50675,50676],{"class":3420},"     # 3\n",[61,50678,50679,50681,50683,50685,50687,50689,50691],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,50680,130],{"class":129},[61,50682,109],{"class":75},[61,50684,10914],{"class":129},[61,50686,109],{"class":75},[61,50688,113],{"class":112},[61,50690,5122],{"class":75},[61,50692,50693],{"class":3420},"  # 4\n",[61,50695,50696,50698,50700,50702,50704,50706,50708],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,50697,130],{"class":129},[61,50699,109],{"class":75},[61,50701,10914],{"class":129},[61,50703,109],{"class":75},[61,50705,1501],{"class":112},[61,50707,5122],{"class":75},[61,50709,50710],{"class":3420},"     # 2\n",[61,50712,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723,50725],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,50714,130],{"class":129},[61,50716,109],{"class":75},[61,50718,10914],{"class":129},[61,50720,109],{"class":75},[61,50722,743],{"class":112},[61,50724,5122],{"class":75},[61,50726,50727],{"class":3420},"   # 3\n",[14,50729,50730,50731,1951,50735,16829,50739,244],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[235,50732,50734],{"href":50733},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[235,50736,50738],{"href":50737},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[235,50740,8914],{"href":8913},[47,50742,248],{"id":247},[14,50744,1922],{},[52,50746,50748],{"className":54,"code":50747,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"len(object)\n",[18,50749,50750],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50751,50752,50754,50756,50758],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50753,10914],{"class":129},[61,50755,109],{"class":75},[61,50757,42156],{"class":105},[61,50759,116],{"class":75},[14,50761,50762],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,50764,50765],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[26,50767,50768,50770,50772,50774,50776],{},[29,50769,37664],{},[29,50771,37658],{},[29,50773,37661],{},[29,50775,37667],{},[29,50777,50778],{},"a dictionary",[14,50780,1109],{},[52,50782,50784],{"className":54,"code":50783,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[18,50785,50786,50807,50831,50853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50787,50788,50790,50792,50794,50796,50798,50800,50802,50804],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50789,130],{"class":129},[61,50791,109],{"class":75},[61,50793,10914],{"class":129},[61,50795,109],{"class":75},[61,50797,816],{"class":190},[61,50799,56],{"class":194},[61,50801,816],{"class":190},[61,50803,5122],{"class":75},[61,50805,50806],{"class":3420},"      # 6\n",[61,50808,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825,50827,50829],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50810,130],{"class":129},[61,50812,109],{"class":75},[61,50814,10914],{"class":129},[61,50816,1126],{"class":75},[61,50818,80],{"class":79},[61,50820,83],{"class":75},[61,50822,86],{"class":79},[61,50824,83],{"class":75},[61,50826,91],{"class":79},[61,50828,4497],{"class":75},[61,50830,50676],{"class":3420},[61,50832,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845,50847,50850],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,50834,130],{"class":129},[61,50836,109],{"class":75},[61,50838,10914],{"class":129},[61,50840,1028],{"class":75},[61,50842,430],{"class":79},[61,50844,83],{"class":75},[61,50846,435],{"class":79},[61,50848,50849],{"class":75},")))",[61,50851,50852],{"class":3420},"      # 2\n",[61,50854,50855,50857,50859,50861,50863,50865,50867,50869,50871,50873,50876],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,50856,130],{"class":129},[61,50858,109],{"class":75},[61,50860,10914],{"class":129},[61,50862,5288],{"class":75},[61,50864,816],{"class":190},[61,50866,1936],{"class":194},[61,50868,816],{"class":190},[61,50870,824],{"class":75},[61,50872,680],{"class":79},[61,50874,50875],{"class":75},"}))",[61,50877,50878],{"class":3420},"      # 1\n",[47,50880,50882],{"id":50881},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,50884,50885,50886,50888],{},"When you use ",[18,50887,42118],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,50890,50891],{},"That includes:",[26,50893,50894,50896,50898],{},[29,50895,35900],{},[29,50897,10204],{},[29,50899,50900],{},"punctuation",[14,50902,1109],{},[52,50904,50906],{"className":54,"code":50905,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[18,50907,50908,50921],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50909,50910,50912,50914,50916,50919],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50911,517],{"class":67},[61,50913,72],{"class":71},[61,50915,522],{"class":190},[61,50917,50918],{"class":194},"Hi there!",[61,50920,528],{"class":190},[61,50922,50923,50925,50927,50929,50931,50933,50935],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50924,130],{"class":129},[61,50926,109],{"class":75},[61,50928,10914],{"class":129},[61,50930,109],{"class":75},[61,50932,541],{"class":112},[61,50934,5122],{"class":75},[61,50936,50937],{"class":3420},"  # 9\n",[14,50939,50940,50941,2251],{},"Why is the result ",[18,50942,1907],{},[26,50944,50945,50951,50955,50958],{},[29,50946,50947,50950],{},[18,50948,50949],{},"H"," = 1",[29,50952,50953,50950],{},[18,50954,35911],{},[29,50956,50957],{},"space = 1",[29,50959,50960,50963],{},[18,50961,50962],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,50965,50966,50967],{},"Total: ",[18,50968,1907],{},[14,50970,50971,50972,824],{},"An empty string has length ",[18,50973,675],{},[52,50975,50977],{"className":54,"code":50976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[18,50978,50979,50988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50980,50981,50984,50986],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50982,50983],{"class":67},"empty_text ",[61,50985,72],{"class":71},[61,50987,7639],{"class":190},[61,50989,50990,50992,50994,50996,50998,51001,51003],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,50991,130],{"class":129},[61,50993,109],{"class":75},[61,50995,10914],{"class":129},[61,50997,109],{"class":75},[61,50999,51000],{"class":112},"empty_text",[61,51002,5122],{"class":75},[61,51004,51005],{"class":3420},"  # 0\n",[14,51007,51008],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[52,51010,51012],{"className":54,"code":51011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[18,51013,51014,51027,51031,51051],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51015,51016,51019,51021,51023,51025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51017,51018],{"class":67},"user_name ",[61,51020,72],{"class":71},[61,51022,522],{"class":190},[61,51024,4766],{"class":194},[61,51026,528],{"class":190},[61,51028,51029],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51030,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,51032,51033,51035,51037,51039,51042,51044,51047,51049],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,51034,6758],{"class":3634},[61,51036,38142],{"class":129},[61,51038,109],{"class":75},[61,51040,51041],{"class":112},"user_name",[61,51043,3417],{"class":75},[61,51045,51046],{"class":71}," >=",[61,51048,91],{"class":79},[61,51050,6152],{"class":75},[61,51052,51053,51055,51057,51059,51062,51064],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,51054,7827],{"class":129},[61,51056,109],{"class":75},[61,51058,816],{"class":190},[61,51060,51061],{"class":194},"Name is long enough",[61,51063,816],{"class":190},[61,51065,116],{"class":75},[47,51067,51069],{"id":51068},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51071,51072,51073,51075],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[18,51074,42118],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51077,51078],{},"Example with a list:",[52,51080,51082],{"className":54,"code":51081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[18,51083,51084,51116],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51085,51086,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51087,12831],{"class":67},[61,51089,72],{"class":71},[61,51091,76],{"class":75},[61,51093,816],{"class":190},[61,51095,12848],{"class":194},[61,51097,816],{"class":190},[61,51099,83],{"class":75},[61,51101,522],{"class":190},[61,51103,17212],{"class":194},[61,51105,816],{"class":190},[61,51107,83],{"class":75},[61,51109,522],{"class":190},[61,51111,12865],{"class":194},[61,51113,816],{"class":190},[61,51115,94],{"class":75},[61,51117,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51119,130],{"class":129},[61,51121,109],{"class":75},[61,51123,10914],{"class":129},[61,51125,109],{"class":75},[61,51127,17259],{"class":112},[61,51129,5122],{"class":75},[61,51131,50528],{"class":3420},[14,51133,37673],{},[52,51135,51137],{"className":54,"code":51136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[18,51138,51139,51156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51140,51141,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51142,51143],{"class":67},"point ",[61,51145,72],{"class":71},[61,51147,1048],{"class":75},[61,51149,430],{"class":79},[61,51151,83],{"class":75},[61,51153,435],{"class":79},[61,51155,116],{"class":75},[61,51157,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166,51169,51171],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51159,130],{"class":129},[61,51161,109],{"class":75},[61,51163,10914],{"class":129},[61,51165,109],{"class":75},[61,51167,51168],{"class":112},"point",[61,51170,5122],{"class":75},[61,51172,51173],{"class":3420},"  # 2\n",[14,51175,51176],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[52,51178,51180],{"className":54,"code":51179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[18,51181,51182,51206,51210,51228],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51183,51184,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194,51196,51198,51200,51202,51204],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51185,7539],{"class":67},[61,51187,72],{"class":71},[61,51189,76],{"class":75},[61,51191,816],{"class":190},[61,51193,3838],{"class":194},[61,51195,816],{"class":190},[61,51197,83],{"class":75},[61,51199,522],{"class":190},[61,51201,3847],{"class":194},[61,51203,816],{"class":190},[61,51205,94],{"class":75},[61,51207,51208],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51209,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,51211,51212,51214,51216,51218,51220,51222,51224,51226],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,51213,6758],{"class":3634},[61,51215,38142],{"class":129},[61,51217,109],{"class":75},[61,51219,993],{"class":112},[61,51221,3417],{"class":75},[61,51223,38152],{"class":71},[61,51225,680],{"class":79},[61,51227,6152],{"class":75},[61,51229,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,51231,7827],{"class":129},[61,51233,109],{"class":75},[61,51235,993],{"class":112},[61,51237,3658],{"class":75},[61,51239,80],{"class":79},[61,51241,20202],{"class":75},[61,51243,51244],{"class":3420},"  # banana\n",[14,51246,51247],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[52,51249,51251],{"className":54,"code":51250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[18,51252,51253,51276],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51254,51255,51257,51259,51261,51264,51266,51269,51271,51274],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51256,4826],{"class":67},[61,51258,72],{"class":71},[61,51260,76],{"class":75},[61,51262,51263],{"class":79},"88",[61,51265,83],{"class":75},[61,51267,51268],{"class":79}," 91",[61,51270,83],{"class":75},[61,51272,51273],{"class":79}," 75",[61,51275,94],{"class":75},[61,51277,51278,51280,51282,51284,51287,51289,51291,51293,51295,51297],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51279,130],{"class":129},[61,51281,109],{"class":75},[61,51283,816],{"class":190},[61,51285,51286],{"class":194},"Number of scores:",[61,51288,816],{"class":190},[61,51290,83],{"class":75},[61,51292,38142],{"class":129},[61,51294,109],{"class":75},[61,51296,16145],{"class":112},[61,51298,154],{"class":75},[14,51300,51301,51302,244],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[235,51303,51305],{"href":51304},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[47,51307,51309],{"id":51308},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51311,51312,51313,51315],{},"For dictionaries, ",[18,51314,42118],{}," counts keys.",[52,51317,51319],{"className":54,"code":51318,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[18,51320,51321,51329,51347,51361,51377,51381,51385],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51322,51323,51325,51327],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51324,12619],{"class":67},[61,51326,72],{"class":71},[61,51328,11246],{"class":75},[61,51330,51331,51333,51335,51337,51339,51341,51343,51345],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51332,11251],{"class":190},[61,51334,819],{"class":194},[61,51336,816],{"class":190},[61,51338,824],{"class":75},[61,51340,522],{"class":190},[61,51342,7679],{"class":194},[61,51344,816],{"class":190},[61,51346,11267],{"class":75},[61,51348,51349,51351,51353,51355,51357,51359],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,51350,11251],{"class":190},[61,51352,838],{"class":194},[61,51354,816],{"class":190},[61,51356,824],{"class":75},[61,51358,30698],{"class":79},[61,51360,11267],{"class":75},[61,51362,51363,51365,51367,51369,51371,51373,51375],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,51364,11251],{"class":190},[61,51366,19647],{"class":194},[61,51368,816],{"class":190},[61,51370,824],{"class":75},[61,51372,522],{"class":190},[61,51374,22002],{"class":194},[61,51376,528],{"class":190},[61,51378,51379],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,51380,730],{"class":75},[61,51382,51383],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,51384,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,51386,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395,51397,51399],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,51388,130],{"class":129},[61,51390,109],{"class":75},[61,51392,10914],{"class":129},[61,51394,109],{"class":75},[61,51396,13381],{"class":112},[61,51398,5122],{"class":75},[61,51400,50528],{"class":3420},[14,51402,51403,51404,51406],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[18,51405,42118],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51408,51409,51410,51412],{},"For sets, ",[18,51411,42118],{}," counts unique items:",[52,51414,51416],{"className":54,"code":51415,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[18,51417,51418,51446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51419,51420,51422,51424,51426,51428,51430,51432,51434,51436,51438,51440,51442,51444],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51421,68],{"class":67},[61,51423,72],{"class":71},[61,51425,717],{"class":75},[61,51427,80],{"class":79},[61,51429,83],{"class":75},[61,51431,86],{"class":79},[61,51433,83],{"class":75},[61,51435,91],{"class":79},[61,51437,83],{"class":75},[61,51439,91],{"class":79},[61,51441,83],{"class":75},[61,51443,86],{"class":79},[61,51445,730],{"class":75},[61,51447,51448,51450,51452,51454,51456,51458,51460],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51449,130],{"class":129},[61,51451,109],{"class":75},[61,51453,10914],{"class":129},[61,51455,109],{"class":75},[61,51457,113],{"class":112},[61,51459,5122],{"class":75},[61,51461,50528],{"class":3420},[14,51463,51464],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51466,51467],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[52,51469,51471],{"className":54,"code":51470,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,51472,51473,51481,51485,51503],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51474,51475,51477,51479],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51476,1459],{"class":67},[61,51478,72],{"class":71},[61,51480,9590],{"class":75},[61,51482,51483],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51484,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,51486,51487,51489,51491,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,51488,6758],{"class":3634},[61,51490,38142],{"class":129},[61,51492,109],{"class":75},[61,51494,1501],{"class":112},[61,51496,3417],{"class":75},[61,51498,6167],{"class":71},[61,51500,3591],{"class":79},[61,51502,6152],{"class":75},[61,51504,51505,51507,51509,51511,51514,51516],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,51506,7827],{"class":129},[61,51508,109],{"class":75},[61,51510,816],{"class":190},[61,51512,51513],{"class":194},"The dictionary is empty",[61,51515,816],{"class":190},[61,51517,116],{"class":75},[47,51519,40802],{"id":40801},[14,51521,51522,51523,244],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[18,51524,42118],{},[408,51526,51528],{"id":51527},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[52,51530,51532],{"className":54,"code":51531,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,51533,51534,51542,51546,51564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51535,51536,51538,51540],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51537,7539],{"class":67},[61,51539,72],{"class":71},[61,51541,7596],{"class":75},[61,51543,51544],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51545,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,51547,51548,51550,51552,51554,51556,51558,51560,51562],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,51549,6758],{"class":3634},[61,51551,38142],{"class":129},[61,51553,109],{"class":75},[61,51555,993],{"class":112},[61,51557,3417],{"class":75},[61,51559,6167],{"class":71},[61,51561,3591],{"class":79},[61,51563,6152],{"class":75},[61,51565,51566,51568,51570,51572,51575,51577],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,51567,7827],{"class":129},[61,51569,109],{"class":75},[61,51571,816],{"class":190},[61,51573,51574],{"class":194},"The list is empty",[61,51576,816],{"class":190},[61,51578,116],{"class":75},[408,51580,51582],{"id":51581},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[52,51584,51586],{"className":54,"code":51585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[18,51587,51588,51607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51589,51590,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600,51603,51605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51591,5913],{"class":67},[61,51593,72],{"class":71},[61,51595,7999],{"class":129},[61,51597,109],{"class":75},[61,51599,816],{"class":190},[61,51601,51602],{"class":194},"Enter a word: ",[61,51604,816],{"class":190},[61,51606,116],{"class":75},[61,51608,51609,51611,51613,51615,51618,51620,51622,51624,51626,51628],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51610,130],{"class":129},[61,51612,109],{"class":75},[61,51614,816],{"class":190},[61,51616,51617],{"class":194},"Number of characters:",[61,51619,816],{"class":190},[61,51621,83],{"class":75},[61,51623,38142],{"class":129},[61,51625,109],{"class":75},[61,51627,38147],{"class":112},[61,51629,154],{"class":75},[408,51631,51633],{"id":51632},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[52,51635,51637],{"className":54,"code":51636,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[18,51638,51639,51653,51657,51675,51690,51696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51640,51641,51644,51646,51648,51651],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51642,51643],{"class":67},"password ",[61,51645,72],{"class":71},[61,51647,522],{"class":190},[61,51649,51650],{"class":194},"secret123",[61,51652,528],{"class":190},[61,51654,51655],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51656,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,51658,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669,51671,51673],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,51660,6758],{"class":3634},[61,51662,38142],{"class":129},[61,51664,109],{"class":75},[61,51666,17378],{"class":112},[61,51668,3417],{"class":75},[61,51670,51046],{"class":71},[61,51672,6118],{"class":79},[61,51674,6152],{"class":75},[61,51676,51677,51679,51681,51683,51686,51688],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,51678,7827],{"class":129},[61,51680,109],{"class":75},[61,51682,816],{"class":190},[61,51684,51685],{"class":194},"Password length is valid",[61,51687,816],{"class":190},[61,51689,116],{"class":75},[61,51691,51692,51694],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,51693,27190],{"class":3634},[61,51695,6152],{"class":75},[61,51697,51698,51700,51702,51704,51707,51709],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,51699,7827],{"class":129},[61,51701,109],{"class":75},[61,51703,816],{"class":190},[61,51705,51706],{"class":194},"Password is too short",[61,51708,816],{"class":190},[61,51710,116],{"class":75},[408,51712,51714],{"id":51713},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[52,51716,51718],{"className":54,"code":51717,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[18,51719,51720,51756],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51721,51722,51725,51727,51729,51731,51734,51736,51738,51740,51743,51745,51747,51749,51752,51754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51723,51724],{"class":67},"results ",[61,51726,72],{"class":71},[61,51728,76],{"class":75},[61,51730,816],{"class":190},[61,51732,51733],{"class":194},"item1",[61,51735,816],{"class":190},[61,51737,83],{"class":75},[61,51739,522],{"class":190},[61,51741,51742],{"class":194},"item2",[61,51744,816],{"class":190},[61,51746,83],{"class":75},[61,51748,522],{"class":190},[61,51750,51751],{"class":194},"item3",[61,51753,816],{"class":190},[61,51755,94],{"class":75},[61,51757,51758,51760,51762,51764,51767,51769,51771,51773,51775,51778],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51759,130],{"class":129},[61,51761,109],{"class":75},[61,51763,816],{"class":190},[61,51765,51766],{"class":194},"Items found:",[61,51768,816],{"class":190},[61,51770,83],{"class":75},[61,51772,38142],{"class":129},[61,51774,109],{"class":75},[61,51776,51777],{"class":112},"results",[61,51779,154],{"class":75},[14,51781,51782],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[47,51784,51786],{"id":51785},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,51788,51789,51791],{},[18,51790,42118],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,51793,51794,51795,824],{},"These will raise a ",[18,51796,1272],{},[26,51798,51799,51802,51805],{},[29,51800,51801],{},"plain integers",[29,51803,51804],{},"floats",[29,51806,51807],{},[18,51808,3536],{},[14,51810,1109],{},[52,51812,51814],{"className":54,"code":51813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(5))\n",[18,51815,51816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51817,51818,51820,51822,51824,51826,51828],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51819,130],{"class":129},[61,51821,109],{"class":75},[61,51823,10914],{"class":129},[61,51825,109],{"class":75},[61,51827,645],{"class":79},[61,51829,154],{"class":75},[14,51831,51832,51833,51835],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[18,51834,645],{}," does not have a length.",[14,51837,51838],{},"Another example:",[52,51840,51842],{"className":54,"code":51841,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(3.14))\n",[18,51843,51844],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51845,51846,51848,51850,51852,51854,51856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51847,130],{"class":129},[61,51849,109],{"class":75},[61,51851,10914],{"class":129},[61,51853,109],{"class":75},[61,51855,39900],{"class":79},[61,51857,154],{"class":75},[14,51859,51860,51861,824],{},"And with ",[18,51862,3536],{},[52,51864,51866],{"className":54,"code":51865,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,51867,51868,51876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51869,51870,51872,51874],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51871,1580],{"class":67},[61,51873,72],{"class":71},[61,51875,48286],{"class":3609},[61,51877,51878,51880,51882,51884,51886,51888],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51879,130],{"class":129},[61,51881,109],{"class":75},[61,51883,10914],{"class":129},[61,51885,109],{"class":75},[61,51887,1605],{"class":112},[61,51889,154],{"class":75},[14,51891,51892,51893,244],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[235,51894,51896],{"href":51895},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[47,51898,51900],{"id":51899},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,51902,51903,51904,51906],{},"Before using ",[18,51905,42118],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,51908,51909],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[52,51911,51913],{"className":54,"code":51912,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[18,51914,51915,51923,51927,51937,51951,51969,51987],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51916,51917,51919,51921],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51918,1580],{"class":67},[61,51920,72],{"class":71},[61,51922,48286],{"class":3609},[61,51924,51925],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,51926,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,51928,51929,51931,51933,51935],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,51930,130],{"class":129},[61,51932,109],{"class":75},[61,51934,1605],{"class":112},[61,51936,116],{"class":75},[61,51938,51939,51941,51943,51945,51947,51949],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,51940,130],{"class":129},[61,51942,109],{"class":75},[61,51944,147],{"class":105},[61,51946,109],{"class":75},[61,51948,1605],{"class":112},[61,51950,154],{"class":75},[61,51952,51953,51955,51957,51959,51961,51963,51965,51967],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,51954,130],{"class":129},[61,51956,109],{"class":75},[61,51958,48634],{"class":129},[61,51960,109],{"class":75},[61,51962,1605],{"class":112},[61,51964,83],{"class":75},[61,51966,48663],{"class":105},[61,51968,154],{"class":75},[61,51970,51971,51973,51975,51977,51979,51981,51983,51985],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,51972,130],{"class":129},[61,51974,109],{"class":75},[61,51976,48634],{"class":129},[61,51978,109],{"class":75},[61,51980,1605],{"class":112},[61,51982,83],{"class":75},[61,51984,22317],{"class":105},[61,51986,154],{"class":75},[61,51988,51989,51991,51993,51995,51997,51999,52001,52003],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,51990,130],{"class":129},[61,51992,109],{"class":75},[61,51994,48634],{"class":129},[61,51996,109],{"class":75},[61,51998,1605],{"class":112},[61,52000,83],{"class":75},[61,52002,8928],{"class":105},[61,52004,154],{"class":75},[14,52006,52007],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52009,52010],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[52,52012,52014],{"className":54,"code":52013,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[18,52015,52016,52028,52032,52046],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52017,52018,52020,52022,52024,52026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52019,1580],{"class":67},[61,52021,72],{"class":71},[61,52023,522],{"class":190},[61,52025,1323],{"class":194},[61,52027,528],{"class":190},[61,52029,52030],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52031,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,52033,52034,52036,52038,52040,52042,52044],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,52035,6758],{"class":3634},[61,52037,21341],{"class":67},[61,52039,11948],{"class":71},[61,52041,1290],{"class":71},[61,52043,3610],{"class":3609},[61,52045,6152],{"class":75},[61,52047,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056,52058],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,52049,7827],{"class":129},[61,52051,109],{"class":75},[61,52053,10914],{"class":129},[61,52055,109],{"class":75},[61,52057,1605],{"class":112},[61,52059,154],{"class":75},[14,52061,52062,52063,244],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[235,52064,8200],{"href":2060},[47,52066,2590],{"id":2589},[14,52068,22852,52069,824],{},[18,52070,42118],{},[26,52072,52073,52081,52089,52097,52103],{},[29,52074,8175,52075,52077,52078],{},[18,52076,42118],{}," on an integer like ",[18,52079,52080],{},"len(5)",[29,52082,8175,52083,52085,52086],{},[18,52084,42118],{}," on a float like ",[18,52087,52088],{},"len(3.14)",[29,52090,8175,52091,52093,52094,52096],{},[18,52092,42118],{}," on ",[18,52095,3536],{}," after a function returns nothing",[29,52098,4341,52099,52102],{},[18,52100,52101],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[29,52104,52105],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52107,52108],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[52,52110,52112],{"className":54,"code":52111,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[18,52113,52114,52150],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52115,52116,52118,52120,52122,52124,52126,52128,52130,52132,52134,52136,52138,52140,52142,52144,52146,52148],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52117,809],{"class":67},[61,52119,72],{"class":71},[61,52121,717],{"class":75},[61,52123,816],{"class":190},[61,52125,819],{"class":194},[61,52127,816],{"class":190},[61,52129,824],{"class":75},[61,52131,522],{"class":190},[61,52133,829],{"class":194},[61,52135,816],{"class":190},[61,52137,83],{"class":75},[61,52139,522],{"class":190},[61,52141,838],{"class":194},[61,52143,816],{"class":190},[61,52145,824],{"class":75},[61,52147,435],{"class":79},[61,52149,730],{"class":75},[61,52151,52152,52154,52156,52158,52160,52162,52164],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52153,130],{"class":129},[61,52155,109],{"class":75},[61,52157,10914],{"class":129},[61,52159,109],{"class":75},[61,52161,860],{"class":112},[61,52163,5122],{"class":75},[61,52165,51173],{"class":3420},[14,52167,37351,52168,52170,52171,4154,52173,244],{},[18,52169,1821],{}," because there are two keys: ",[18,52172,14995],{},[18,52174,52175],{},"\"age\"",[14,52177,52178],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[52,52180,52182],{"className":54,"code":52181,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[18,52183,52184,52197],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52185,52186,52188,52190,52192,52195],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52187,517],{"class":67},[61,52189,72],{"class":71},[61,52191,522],{"class":190},[61,52193,52194],{"class":194},"a b",[61,52196,528],{"class":190},[61,52198,52199,52201,52203,52205,52207,52209,52211],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52200,130],{"class":129},[61,52202,109],{"class":75},[61,52204,10914],{"class":129},[61,52206,109],{"class":75},[61,52208,541],{"class":112},[61,52210,5122],{"class":75},[61,52212,50528],{"class":3420},[14,52214,52215],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[47,52217,1620],{"id":1619},[408,52219,52221],{"id":52220},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52223,52224],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[408,52226,52228],{"id":52227},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52230,52231],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[408,52233,52235],{"id":52234},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52237,52238],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[408,52240,52242],{"id":52241},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52244,52245,52246,52248,52249,2638,52251,52253,52254,244],{},"No. Using ",[18,52247,42118],{}," on an ",[18,52250,1279],{},[18,52252,1954],{}," raises a ",[18,52255,1272],{},[408,52257,52259],{"id":52258},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52261,7522,52262,244],{},[18,52263,52264],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52266,1109],{},[52,52268,52270],{"className":54,"code":52269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[18,52271,52272,52280,52284,52302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52273,52274,52276,52278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52275,8065],{"class":67},[61,52277,72],{"class":71},[61,52279,7596],{"class":75},[61,52281,52282],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52283,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,52285,52286,52288,52290,52292,52294,52296,52298,52300],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,52287,6758],{"class":3634},[61,52289,38142],{"class":129},[61,52291,109],{"class":75},[61,52293,8096],{"class":112},[61,52295,3417],{"class":75},[61,52297,6167],{"class":71},[61,52299,3591],{"class":79},[61,52301,6152],{"class":75},[61,52303,52304,52306,52308,52310,52313,52315],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,52305,7827],{"class":129},[61,52307,109],{"class":75},[61,52309,816],{"class":190},[61,52311,52312],{"class":194},"Empty list",[61,52314,816],{"class":190},[61,52316,116],{"class":75},[14,52318,52319,52320,52322,52323,52325,52326,52328],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[18,52321,3431],{}," in an ",[18,52324,6758],{}," statement, but ",[18,52327,42118],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[47,52330,1664],{"id":1663},[26,52332,52333,52337,52341,52345,52350,52354,52359],{},[29,52334,52335],{},[235,52336,50734],{"href":50733},[29,52338,52339],{},[235,52340,50738],{"href":50737},[29,52342,52343],{},[235,52344,8914],{"href":8913},[29,52346,52347],{},[235,52348,52349],{"href":51304},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[29,52351,52352],{},[235,52353,8200],{"href":2060},[29,52355,52356],{},[235,52357,52358],{"href":1299},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[29,52360,52361],{},[235,52362,52363],{"href":51895},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1693,52365,52366],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":52368},[52369,52370,52371,52372,52373,52374,52375,52381,52382,52383,52384,52391],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":50536,"depth":97,"text":50537},{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":50881,"depth":97,"text":50882},{"id":51068,"depth":97,"text":51069},{"id":51308,"depth":97,"text":51309},{"id":40801,"depth":97,"text":40802,"children":52376},[52377,52378,52379,52380],{"id":51527,"depth":119,"text":51528},{"id":51581,"depth":119,"text":51582},{"id":51632,"depth":119,"text":51633},{"id":51713,"depth":119,"text":51714},{"id":51785,"depth":97,"text":51786},{"id":51899,"depth":97,"text":51900},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":52385},[52386,52387,52388,52389,52390],{"id":52220,"depth":119,"text":52221},{"id":52227,"depth":119,"text":52228},{"id":52234,"depth":119,"text":52235},{"id":52241,"depth":119,"text":52242},{"id":52258,"depth":119,"text":52259},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50419,"description":52392},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52399,"title":52400,"body":52401,"description":54086,"extension":1727,"meta":54087,"navigation":122,"path":54088,"seo":54089,"stem":54090,"__hash__":54091},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52402,"toc":54059},[52403,52406,52420,52426,52428,52482,52487,52491,52507,52510,52524,52530,52532,52535,52554,52570,52572,52648,52650,52687,52698,52700,52703,52764,52766,52799,52802,52808,52812,52815,52940,52942,53001,53009,53062,53064,53091,53097,53107,53111,53114,53119,53171,53173,53199,53205,53259,53261,53286,53289,53313,53319,53321,53325,53327,53384,53386,53394,53396,53418,53420,53473,53475,53499,53503,53505,53544,53546,53554,53560,53564,53616,53618,53644,53652,53656,53661,53670,53672,53738,53740,53772,53776,53781,53783,53797,53800,53873,53875,53901,53903,53907,53914,53918,53925,53929,53932,53934,53987,53989,54015,54019,54028,54030,54056],[10,52404,52400],{"id":52405},"python-list-append-method",[14,52407,1744,52408,52411,52412,52415,52416,52419],{},[18,52409,52410],{},"append()"," method adds ",[603,52413,52414],{},"one item"," to the ",[603,52417,52418],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52421,52422,52423,52425],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[603,52424,605],{}," create a new list.",[47,52427,3366],{"id":3365},[52,52429,52431],{"className":54,"code":52430,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,52432,52433,52453,52467,52477],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52434,52435,52437,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447,52449,52451],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52436,68],{"class":67},[61,52438,72],{"class":71},[61,52440,76],{"class":75},[61,52442,80],{"class":79},[61,52444,83],{"class":75},[61,52446,86],{"class":79},[61,52448,83],{"class":75},[61,52450,91],{"class":79},[61,52452,94],{"class":75},[61,52454,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52456,113],{"class":67},[61,52458,244],{"class":75},[61,52460,13308],{"class":112},[61,52462,109],{"class":75},[61,52464,1129],{"class":79},[61,52466,116],{"class":75},[61,52468,52469,52471,52473,52475],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,52470,130],{"class":129},[61,52472,109],{"class":75},[61,52474,113],{"class":112},[61,52476,116],{"class":75},[61,52478,52479],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,52480,52481],{"class":3420},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52483,204,52484,52486],{},[18,52485,52410],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[47,52488,52490],{"id":52489},"what-append-does","What append() does",[26,52492,52493,52498,52501,52504],{},[29,52494,52495,52497],{},[18,52496,52410],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[29,52499,52500],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[29,52502,52503],{},"It does not create a new list",[29,52505,52506],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52508,52509],{},"This means you can append:",[26,52511,52512,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522],{},[29,52513,113],{},[29,52515,293],{},[29,52517,40351],{},[29,52519,290],{},[29,52521,302],{},[29,52523,34418],{},[14,52525,52526,52527,244],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[235,52528,52529],{"href":50737},"Python lists explained for beginners",[47,52531,5192],{"id":5191},[14,52533,52534],{},"Basic form:",[52,52536,52538],{"className":54,"code":52537,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.append(item)\n",[18,52539,52540],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52541,52542,52544,52546,52548,52550,52552],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52543,8096],{"class":67},[61,52545,244],{"class":75},[61,52547,13308],{"class":112},[61,52549,109],{"class":75},[61,52551,23068],{"class":112},[61,52553,116],{"class":75},[26,52555,52556,52561,52566],{},[29,52557,52558,52560],{},[18,52559,8096],{}," is the list you want to change",[29,52562,52563,52565],{},[18,52564,23068],{}," is the value or object to add",[29,52567,11665,52568],{},[18,52569,3536],{},[14,52571,1109],{},[52,52573,52575],{"className":54,"code":52574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[18,52576,52577,52601,52624,52628,52638],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52578,52579,52581,52583,52585,52587,52589,52591,52593,52595,52597,52599],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52580,35995],{"class":67},[61,52582,72],{"class":71},[61,52584,76],{"class":75},[61,52586,816],{"class":190},[61,52588,3838],{"class":194},[61,52590,816],{"class":190},[61,52592,83],{"class":75},[61,52594,522],{"class":190},[61,52596,3847],{"class":194},[61,52598,816],{"class":190},[61,52600,94],{"class":75},[61,52602,52603,52605,52607,52610,52612,52614,52616,52618,52620,52622],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52604,100],{"class":67},[61,52606,72],{"class":71},[61,52608,52609],{"class":67}," fruits",[61,52611,244],{"class":75},[61,52613,13308],{"class":112},[61,52615,109],{"class":75},[61,52617,816],{"class":190},[61,52619,32976],{"class":194},[61,52621,816],{"class":190},[61,52623,116],{"class":75},[61,52625,52626],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,52627,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,52629,52630,52632,52634,52636],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,52631,130],{"class":129},[61,52633,109],{"class":75},[61,52635,36047],{"class":112},[61,52637,116],{"class":75},[61,52639,52640,52642,52644,52646],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,52641,130],{"class":129},[61,52643,109],{"class":75},[61,52645,135],{"class":112},[61,52647,116],{"class":75},[14,52649,157],{},[52,52651,52653],{"className":54,"code":52652,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[18,52654,52655,52683],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52656,52657,52659,52661,52663,52665,52667,52669,52671,52673,52675,52677,52679,52681],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52658,3658],{"class":75},[61,52660,198],{"class":190},[61,52662,3838],{"class":194},[61,52664,198],{"class":190},[61,52666,83],{"class":75},[61,52668,191],{"class":190},[61,52670,3847],{"class":194},[61,52672,198],{"class":190},[61,52674,83],{"class":75},[61,52676,191],{"class":190},[61,52678,32976],{"class":194},[61,52680,198],{"class":190},[61,52682,94],{"class":75},[61,52684,52685],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52686,11562],{"class":3609},[14,52688,52689,52690,52692,52693,52695,52696,244],{},"The important detail is that ",[18,52691,52410],{}," updates ",[18,52694,36047],{},", but the method itself returns ",[18,52697,3536],{},[47,52699,11228],{"id":11227},[14,52701,52702],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[52,52704,52706],{"className":54,"code":52705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,52707,52708,52732,52750,52754],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52709,52710,52712,52714,52716,52718,52720,52722,52724,52726,52728,52730],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52711,12831],{"class":67},[61,52713,72],{"class":71},[61,52715,76],{"class":75},[61,52717,816],{"class":190},[61,52719,12848],{"class":194},[61,52721,816],{"class":190},[61,52723,83],{"class":75},[61,52725,522],{"class":190},[61,52727,12865],{"class":194},[61,52729,816],{"class":190},[61,52731,94],{"class":75},[61,52733,52734,52736,52738,52740,52742,52744,52746,52748],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52735,17259],{"class":67},[61,52737,244],{"class":75},[61,52739,13308],{"class":112},[61,52741,109],{"class":75},[61,52743,816],{"class":190},[61,52745,17212],{"class":194},[61,52747,816],{"class":190},[61,52749,116],{"class":75},[61,52751,52752],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,52753,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,52755,52756,52758,52760,52762],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,52757,130],{"class":129},[61,52759,109],{"class":75},[61,52761,17259],{"class":112},[61,52763,116],{"class":75},[14,52765,157],{},[52,52767,52769],{"className":54,"code":52768,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,52770,52771],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52772,52773,52775,52777,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52774,3658],{"class":75},[61,52776,198],{"class":190},[61,52778,12848],{"class":194},[61,52780,198],{"class":190},[61,52782,83],{"class":75},[61,52784,191],{"class":190},[61,52786,12865],{"class":194},[61,52788,198],{"class":190},[61,52790,83],{"class":75},[61,52792,191],{"class":190},[61,52794,17212],{"class":194},[61,52796,198],{"class":190},[61,52798,94],{"class":75},[14,52800,52801],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,52803,30838,52804,244],{},[235,52805,52807],{"href":52806},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[47,52809,52811],{"id":52810},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,52813,52814],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[52,52816,52818],{"className":54,"code":52817,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,52819,52820,52828,52832,52846,52864,52878,52904,52926,52930],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52821,52822,52824,52826],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52823,7539],{"class":67},[61,52825,72],{"class":71},[61,52827,7596],{"class":75},[61,52829,52830],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,52831,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,52833,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,52835,993],{"class":67},[61,52837,244],{"class":75},[61,52839,13308],{"class":112},[61,52841,109],{"class":75},[61,52843,430],{"class":79},[61,52845,116],{"class":75},[61,52847,52848,52850,52852,52854,52856,52858,52860,52862],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,52849,993],{"class":67},[61,52851,244],{"class":75},[61,52853,13308],{"class":112},[61,52855,109],{"class":75},[61,52857,816],{"class":190},[61,52859,1323],{"class":194},[61,52861,816],{"class":190},[61,52863,116],{"class":75},[61,52865,52866,52868,52870,52872,52874,52876],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,52867,993],{"class":67},[61,52869,244],{"class":75},[61,52871,13308],{"class":112},[61,52873,109],{"class":75},[61,52875,3361],{"class":3609},[61,52877,116],{"class":75},[61,52879,52880,52882,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,52881,993],{"class":67},[61,52883,244],{"class":75},[61,52885,13308],{"class":112},[61,52887,5288],{"class":75},[61,52889,816],{"class":190},[61,52891,819],{"class":194},[61,52893,816],{"class":190},[61,52895,824],{"class":75},[61,52897,522],{"class":190},[61,52899,7436],{"class":194},[61,52901,816],{"class":190},[61,52903,30251],{"class":75},[61,52905,52906,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920,52922,52924],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,52907,993],{"class":67},[61,52909,244],{"class":75},[61,52911,13308],{"class":112},[61,52913,1126],{"class":75},[61,52915,80],{"class":79},[61,52917,83],{"class":75},[61,52919,86],{"class":79},[61,52921,83],{"class":75},[61,52923,91],{"class":79},[61,52925,1137],{"class":75},[61,52927,52928],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,52929,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,52931,52932,52934,52936,52938],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,52933,130],{"class":129},[61,52935,109],{"class":75},[61,52937,993],{"class":112},[61,52939,116],{"class":75},[14,52941,157],{},[52,52943,52945],{"className":54,"code":52944,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,52946,52947],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52948,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52986,52988,52990,52992,52994,52996,52998],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52950,3658],{"class":75},[61,52952,430],{"class":79},[61,52954,83],{"class":75},[61,52956,191],{"class":190},[61,52958,1323],{"class":194},[61,52960,198],{"class":190},[61,52962,83],{"class":75},[61,52964,3674],{"class":3609},[61,52966,83],{"class":75},[61,52968,717],{"class":75},[61,52970,198],{"class":190},[61,52972,819],{"class":194},[61,52974,198],{"class":190},[61,52976,824],{"class":75},[61,52978,191],{"class":190},[61,52980,7436],{"class":194},[61,52982,198],{"class":190},[61,52984,52985],{"class":75},"},",[61,52987,76],{"class":75},[61,52989,80],{"class":79},[61,52991,83],{"class":75},[61,52993,86],{"class":79},[61,52995,83],{"class":75},[61,52997,91],{"class":79},[61,52999,53000],{"class":75},"]]\n",[14,53002,53003,53004,41912,53006,244],{},"A list added with ",[18,53005,52410],{},[603,53007,53008],{},"one single item",[52,53010,53012],{"className":54,"code":53011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53013,53014,53030,53048,53052],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53015,53016,53018,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53017,68],{"class":67},[61,53019,72],{"class":71},[61,53021,76],{"class":75},[61,53023,80],{"class":79},[61,53025,83],{"class":75},[61,53027,86],{"class":79},[61,53029,94],{"class":75},[61,53031,53032,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53033,113],{"class":67},[61,53035,244],{"class":75},[61,53037,13308],{"class":112},[61,53039,1126],{"class":75},[61,53041,1827],{"class":79},[61,53043,83],{"class":75},[61,53045,693],{"class":79},[61,53047,1137],{"class":75},[61,53049,53050],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,53051,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,53053,53054,53056,53058,53060],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,53055,130],{"class":129},[61,53057,109],{"class":75},[61,53059,113],{"class":112},[61,53061,116],{"class":75},[14,53063,157],{},[52,53065,53067],{"className":54,"code":53066,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,53068,53069],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53070,53071,53073,53075,53077,53079,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53072,3658],{"class":75},[61,53074,80],{"class":79},[61,53076,83],{"class":75},[61,53078,86],{"class":79},[61,53080,83],{"class":75},[61,53082,76],{"class":75},[61,53084,1827],{"class":79},[61,53086,83],{"class":75},[61,53088,693],{"class":79},[61,53090,53000],{"class":75},[14,53092,2047,53093,53096],{},[18,53094,53095],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53098,53099,53100,53106],{},"This is different from ",[235,53101,53103],{"href":53102},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[18,53104,53105],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[47,53108,53110],{"id":53109},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53112,53113],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[408,53115,8175,53117],{"id":53116},"using-append",[18,53118,52410],{},[52,53120,53121],{"className":54,"code":53011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53122,53123,53139,53157,53161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53124,53125,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53126,68],{"class":67},[61,53128,72],{"class":71},[61,53130,76],{"class":75},[61,53132,80],{"class":79},[61,53134,83],{"class":75},[61,53136,86],{"class":79},[61,53138,94],{"class":75},[61,53140,53141,53143,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53142,113],{"class":67},[61,53144,244],{"class":75},[61,53146,13308],{"class":112},[61,53148,1126],{"class":75},[61,53150,1827],{"class":79},[61,53152,83],{"class":75},[61,53154,693],{"class":79},[61,53156,1137],{"class":75},[61,53158,53159],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,53160,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,53162,53163,53165,53167,53169],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,53164,130],{"class":129},[61,53166,109],{"class":75},[61,53168,113],{"class":112},[61,53170,116],{"class":75},[14,53172,157],{},[52,53174,53175],{"className":54,"code":53066,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53176,53177],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53178,53179,53181,53183,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195,53197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53180,3658],{"class":75},[61,53182,80],{"class":79},[61,53184,83],{"class":75},[61,53186,86],{"class":79},[61,53188,83],{"class":75},[61,53190,76],{"class":75},[61,53192,1827],{"class":79},[61,53194,83],{"class":75},[61,53196,693],{"class":79},[61,53198,53000],{"class":75},[408,53200,8175,53202],{"id":53201},"using-extend",[18,53203,53204],{},"extend()",[52,53206,53208],{"className":54,"code":53207,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53209,53210,53226,53245,53249],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53211,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220,53222,53224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53213,68],{"class":67},[61,53215,72],{"class":71},[61,53217,76],{"class":75},[61,53219,80],{"class":79},[61,53221,83],{"class":75},[61,53223,86],{"class":79},[61,53225,94],{"class":75},[61,53227,53228,53230,53232,53235,53237,53239,53241,53243],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53229,113],{"class":67},[61,53231,244],{"class":75},[61,53233,53234],{"class":112},"extend",[61,53236,1126],{"class":75},[61,53238,1827],{"class":79},[61,53240,83],{"class":75},[61,53242,693],{"class":79},[61,53244,1137],{"class":75},[61,53246,53247],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,53248,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,53250,53251,53253,53255,53257],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,53252,130],{"class":129},[61,53254,109],{"class":75},[61,53256,113],{"class":112},[61,53258,116],{"class":75},[14,53260,157],{},[52,53262,53264],{"className":54,"code":53263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,53265,53266],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53267,53268,53270,53272,53274,53276,53278,53280,53282,53284],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53269,3658],{"class":75},[61,53271,80],{"class":79},[61,53273,83],{"class":75},[61,53275,86],{"class":79},[61,53277,83],{"class":75},[61,53279,91],{"class":79},[61,53281,83],{"class":75},[61,53283,693],{"class":79},[61,53285,94],{"class":75},[14,53287,53288],{},"The difference:",[26,53290,53291,53297,53303,53308],{},[29,53292,53293,53296],{},[18,53294,53295],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[29,53298,53299,53302],{},[18,53300,53301],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[29,53304,204,53305,53307],{},[18,53306,52410],{}," for one item",[29,53309,204,53310,53312],{},[18,53311,53204],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53314,53315,53316,244],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[235,53317,53318],{"href":53102},"Python list extend() method",[47,53320,4280],{"id":4279},[408,53322,53324],{"id":53323},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53326,25447],{},[52,53328,53330],{"className":54,"code":53329,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53331,53332,53352,53370,53374],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53333,53334,53336,53338,53340,53342,53344,53346,53348,53350],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53335,7539],{"class":67},[61,53337,72],{"class":71},[61,53339,76],{"class":75},[61,53341,80],{"class":79},[61,53343,83],{"class":75},[61,53345,86],{"class":79},[61,53347,83],{"class":75},[61,53349,91],{"class":79},[61,53351,94],{"class":75},[61,53353,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53355,7539],{"class":67},[61,53357,72],{"class":71},[61,53359,5725],{"class":67},[61,53361,244],{"class":75},[61,53363,13308],{"class":112},[61,53365,109],{"class":75},[61,53367,1129],{"class":79},[61,53369,116],{"class":75},[61,53371,53372],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,53373,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,53375,53376,53378,53380,53382],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,53377,130],{"class":129},[61,53379,109],{"class":75},[61,53381,993],{"class":112},[61,53383,116],{"class":75},[14,53385,157],{},[52,53387,53388],{"className":54,"code":11562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53389,53390],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53391,53392],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53393,11562],{"class":3609},[14,53395,11654],{},[26,53397,53398,53403,53409],{},[29,53399,53400,53402],{},[18,53401,52410],{}," changes the list in place",[29,53404,53405,2158,53407],{},[18,53406,52410],{},[18,53408,3536],{},[29,53410,53411,53412,53415,53416],{},"So ",[18,53413,53414],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[18,53417,3536],{},[14,53419,10559],{},[52,53421,53423],{"className":54,"code":53422,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53424,53425,53445,53459,53463],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53426,53427,53429,53431,53433,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53428,7539],{"class":67},[61,53430,72],{"class":71},[61,53432,76],{"class":75},[61,53434,80],{"class":79},[61,53436,83],{"class":75},[61,53438,86],{"class":79},[61,53440,83],{"class":75},[61,53442,91],{"class":79},[61,53444,94],{"class":75},[61,53446,53447,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53448,993],{"class":67},[61,53450,244],{"class":75},[61,53452,13308],{"class":112},[61,53454,109],{"class":75},[61,53456,1129],{"class":79},[61,53458,116],{"class":75},[61,53460,53461],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,53462,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,53464,53465,53467,53469,53471],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,53466,130],{"class":129},[61,53468,109],{"class":75},[61,53470,993],{"class":112},[61,53472,116],{"class":75},[14,53474,157],{},[52,53476,53477],{"className":54,"code":53263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53478,53479],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53480,53481,53483,53485,53487,53489,53491,53493,53495,53497],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53482,3658],{"class":75},[61,53484,80],{"class":79},[61,53486,83],{"class":75},[61,53488,86],{"class":79},[61,53490,83],{"class":75},[61,53492,91],{"class":79},[61,53494,83],{"class":75},[61,53496,693],{"class":79},[61,53498,94],{"class":75},[408,53500,53502],{"id":53501},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53504,18669],{},[52,53506,53508],{"className":54,"code":53507,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,53509,53510,53534],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53511,53512,53514,53516,53518,53520,53522,53524,53526,53528,53530,53532],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53513,31638],{"class":67},[61,53515,72],{"class":71},[61,53517,76],{"class":75},[61,53519,80],{"class":79},[61,53521,83],{"class":75},[61,53523,86],{"class":79},[61,53525,13305],{"class":75},[61,53527,13308],{"class":112},[61,53529,109],{"class":75},[61,53531,1827],{"class":79},[61,53533,116],{"class":75},[61,53535,53536,53538,53540,53542],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53537,130],{"class":129},[61,53539,109],{"class":75},[61,53541,31657],{"class":112},[61,53543,116],{"class":75},[14,53545,157],{},[52,53547,53548],{"className":54,"code":11562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53549,53550],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53551,53552],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53553,11562],{"class":3609},[14,53555,53556,53557,53559],{},"Remember: ",[18,53558,52410],{}," updates the list you already have.",[408,53561,53563],{"id":53562},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[52,53565,53566],{"className":54,"code":53011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53567,53568,53584,53602,53606],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53569,53570,53572,53574,53576,53578,53580,53582],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53571,68],{"class":67},[61,53573,72],{"class":71},[61,53575,76],{"class":75},[61,53577,80],{"class":79},[61,53579,83],{"class":75},[61,53581,86],{"class":79},[61,53583,94],{"class":75},[61,53585,53586,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53587,113],{"class":67},[61,53589,244],{"class":75},[61,53591,13308],{"class":112},[61,53593,1126],{"class":75},[61,53595,1827],{"class":79},[61,53597,83],{"class":75},[61,53599,693],{"class":79},[61,53601,1137],{"class":75},[61,53603,53604],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,53605,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,53607,53608,53610,53612,53614],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,53609,130],{"class":129},[61,53611,109],{"class":75},[61,53613,113],{"class":112},[61,53615,116],{"class":75},[14,53617,157],{},[52,53619,53620],{"className":54,"code":53066,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53621,53622],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53623,53624,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634,53636,53638,53640,53642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53625,3658],{"class":75},[61,53627,80],{"class":79},[61,53629,83],{"class":75},[61,53631,86],{"class":79},[61,53633,83],{"class":75},[61,53635,76],{"class":75},[61,53637,1827],{"class":79},[61,53639,83],{"class":75},[61,53641,693],{"class":79},[61,53643,53000],{"class":75},[14,53645,2928,53646,53649,53650,6391],{},[18,53647,53648],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[18,53651,53204],{},[408,53653,53655],{"id":53654},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53657,53658,53660],{},[18,53659,52410],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53662,53663,53664,244],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[235,53665,53667],{"href":53666},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[18,53668,53669],{},"list.insert()",[14,53671,1109],{},[52,53673,53675],{"className":54,"code":53674,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,53676,53677,53701,53724,53728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53678,53679,53681,53683,53685,53687,53689,53691,53693,53695,53697,53699],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53680,35847],{"class":67},[61,53682,72],{"class":71},[61,53684,76],{"class":75},[61,53686,816],{"class":190},[61,53688,235],{"class":194},[61,53690,816],{"class":190},[61,53692,83],{"class":75},[61,53694,522],{"class":190},[61,53696,573],{"class":194},[61,53698,816],{"class":190},[61,53700,94],{"class":75},[61,53702,53703,53705,53707,53710,53712,53714,53716,53718,53720,53722],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53704,35900],{"class":67},[61,53706,244],{"class":75},[61,53708,53709],{"class":112},"insert",[61,53711,109],{"class":75},[61,53713,80],{"class":79},[61,53715,83],{"class":75},[61,53717,522],{"class":190},[61,53719,1480],{"class":194},[61,53721,816],{"class":190},[61,53723,116],{"class":75},[61,53725,53726],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,53727,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,53729,53730,53732,53734,53736],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,53731,130],{"class":129},[61,53733,109],{"class":75},[61,53735,35900],{"class":112},[61,53737,116],{"class":75},[14,53739,157],{},[52,53741,53742],{"className":54,"code":42633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53743,53744],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53745,53746,53748,53750,53752,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768,53770],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53747,3658],{"class":75},[61,53749,198],{"class":190},[61,53751,235],{"class":194},[61,53753,198],{"class":190},[61,53755,83],{"class":75},[61,53757,191],{"class":190},[61,53759,1480],{"class":194},[61,53761,198],{"class":190},[61,53763,83],{"class":75},[61,53765,191],{"class":190},[61,53767,573],{"class":194},[61,53769,198],{"class":190},[61,53771,94],{"class":75},[47,53773,53775],{"id":53774},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,53777,53778,53780],{},[18,53779,52410],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,53782,36182],{},[26,53784,53785,53788,53791,53794],{},[29,53786,53787],{},"building a list in a loop",[29,53789,53790],{},"collecting user input",[29,53792,53793],{},"storing results step by step",[29,53795,53796],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,53798,53799],{},"Example with a loop:",[52,53801,53803],{"className":54,"code":53802,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[18,53804,53805,53814,53818,53839,53858,53862],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53806,53807,53810,53812],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53808,53809],{"class":67},"squares ",[61,53811,72],{"class":71},[61,53813,7596],{"class":75},[61,53815,53816],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53817,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,53819,53820,53822,53824,53826,53829,53831,53833,53835,53837],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,53821,5717],{"class":3634},[61,53823,6145],{"class":67},[61,53825,3641],{"class":3634},[61,53827,53828],{"class":129}," range",[61,53830,109],{"class":75},[61,53832,80],{"class":79},[61,53834,83],{"class":75},[61,53836,4367],{"class":79},[61,53838,8099],{"class":75},[61,53840,53841,53844,53846,53848,53850,53852,53854,53856],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,53842,53843],{"class":67},"    squares",[61,53845,244],{"class":75},[61,53847,13308],{"class":112},[61,53849,109],{"class":75},[61,53851,1979],{"class":112},[61,53853,39629],{"class":71},[61,53855,1959],{"class":112},[61,53857,116],{"class":75},[61,53859,53860],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,53861,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,53863,53864,53866,53868,53871],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,53865,130],{"class":129},[61,53867,109],{"class":75},[61,53869,53870],{"class":112},"squares",[61,53872,116],{"class":75},[14,53874,157],{},[52,53876,53878],{"className":54,"code":53877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[18,53879,53880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53881,53882,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53895,53897,53899],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53883,3658],{"class":75},[61,53885,80],{"class":79},[61,53887,83],{"class":75},[61,53889,693],{"class":79},[61,53891,83],{"class":75},[61,53893,53894],{"class":79}," 9",[61,53896,83],{"class":75},[61,53898,13743],{"class":79},[61,53900,94],{"class":75},[47,53902,1620],{"id":1619},[408,53904,53906],{"id":53905},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,53908,46123,53909,53911,53912,244],{},[18,53910,52410],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[18,53913,3536],{},[408,53915,53917],{"id":53916},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,53919,53920,53921,244],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[235,53922,53923],{"href":53102},[18,53924,53204],{},[408,53926,53928],{"id":53927},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,53930,53931],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,53933,1109],{},[52,53935,53937],{"className":54,"code":53936,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,53938,53939,53955,53973,53977],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53940,53941,53943,53945,53947,53949,53951,53953],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53942,1459],{"class":67},[61,53944,72],{"class":71},[61,53946,76],{"class":75},[61,53948,80],{"class":79},[61,53950,83],{"class":75},[61,53952,86],{"class":79},[61,53954,94],{"class":75},[61,53956,53957,53959,53961,53963,53965,53967,53969,53971],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,53958,1501],{"class":67},[61,53960,244],{"class":75},[61,53962,13308],{"class":112},[61,53964,1126],{"class":75},[61,53966,1827],{"class":79},[61,53968,83],{"class":75},[61,53970,693],{"class":79},[61,53972,1137],{"class":75},[61,53974,53975],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,53976,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,53978,53979,53981,53983,53985],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,53980,130],{"class":129},[61,53982,109],{"class":75},[61,53984,1501],{"class":112},[61,53986,116],{"class":75},[14,53988,157],{},[52,53990,53991],{"className":54,"code":53066,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53992,53993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53994,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53996,3658],{"class":75},[61,53998,80],{"class":79},[61,54000,83],{"class":75},[61,54002,86],{"class":79},[61,54004,83],{"class":75},[61,54006,76],{"class":75},[61,54008,1827],{"class":79},[61,54010,83],{"class":75},[61,54012,693],{"class":79},[61,54014,53000],{"class":75},[408,54016,54018],{"id":54017},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54020,54021,54023,54024,54027],{},[18,54022,52410],{}," adds at the end. ",[18,54025,54026],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[47,54029,1664],{"id":1663},[26,54031,54032,54037,54041,54046,54050],{},[29,54033,54034],{},[235,54035,54036],{"href":52806},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[29,54038,54039],{},[235,54040,53318],{"href":53102},[29,54042,54043],{},[235,54044,54045],{"href":53666},"Python list insert() method",[29,54047,54048],{},[235,54049,52529],{"href":50737},[29,54051,54052],{},[235,54053,54055],{"href":54054},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1693,54057,54058],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":54060},[54061,54062,54063,54064,54065,54066,54072,54078,54079,54085],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":52489,"depth":97,"text":52490},{"id":5191,"depth":97,"text":5192},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":52810,"depth":97,"text":52811},{"id":53109,"depth":97,"text":53110,"children":54067},[54068,54070],{"id":53116,"depth":119,"text":54069},"Using append()",{"id":53201,"depth":119,"text":54071},"Using extend()",{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":54073},[54074,54075,54076,54077],{"id":53323,"depth":119,"text":53324},{"id":53501,"depth":119,"text":53502},{"id":53562,"depth":119,"text":53563},{"id":53654,"depth":119,"text":53655},{"id":53774,"depth":97,"text":53775},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":54080},[54081,54082,54083,54084],{"id":53905,"depth":119,"text":53906},{"id":53916,"depth":119,"text":53917},{"id":53927,"depth":119,"text":53928},{"id":54017,"depth":119,"text":54018},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52400,"description":54086},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54093,"title":54094,"body":54095,"description":55339,"extension":1727,"meta":55340,"navigation":122,"path":55341,"seo":55342,"stem":55343,"__hash__":55344},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54096,"toc":55304},[54097,54103,54109,54115,54117,54165,54170,54175,54179,54195,54201,54203,54206,54221,54223,54234,54236,54238,54295,54297,54305,54307,54323,54329,54331,54337,54341,54425,54428,54477,54484,54492,54495,54509,54522,54528,54603,54610,54617,54691,54699,54702,54713,54722,54726,54730,54741,54743,54820,54841,54843,54853,54856,54904,54906,54927,54930,54932,54983,54989,54996,55063,55069,55075,55078,55105,55110,55116,55119,55191,55194,55205,55211,55213,55219,55222,55228,55234,55241,55249,55255,55261,55263,55301],[10,54098,54100,54101,11075],{"id":54099},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[18,54102,11074],{},[14,54104,54105,54108],{},[18,54106,54107],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54110,54111,54112,54114],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[603,54113,11087],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[47,54116,3366],{"id":3365},[52,54118,54120],{"className":54,"code":54119,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54121,54122,54142,54152],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54123,54124,54126,54128,54130,54132,54134,54136,54138,54140],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54125,7539],{"class":67},[61,54127,72],{"class":71},[61,54129,76],{"class":75},[61,54131,80],{"class":79},[61,54133,83],{"class":75},[61,54135,86],{"class":79},[61,54137,83],{"class":75},[61,54139,91],{"class":79},[61,54141,94],{"class":75},[61,54143,54144,54146,54148,54150],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54145,993],{"class":67},[61,54147,244],{"class":75},[61,54149,11136],{"class":112},[61,54151,263],{"class":75},[61,54153,54154,54156,54158,54160,54162],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,54155,130],{"class":129},[61,54157,109],{"class":75},[61,54159,993],{"class":112},[61,54161,3417],{"class":75},[61,54163,54164],{"class":3420},"  # []\n",[14,54166,204,54167,54169],{},[18,54168,11074],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[47,54171,3435,54173,3438],{"id":54172},"what-listclear-does",[18,54174,54107],{},[14,54176,54177,824],{},[18,54178,54107],{},[26,54180,54181,54184,54187,54192],{},[29,54182,54183],{},"Removes every item from a list",[29,54185,54186],{},"Changes the original list in place",[29,54188,54189,54190],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[18,54191,3545],{},[29,54193,54194],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54196,54197,54198,54200],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[18,54199,11074],{},", but it contains no values.",[47,54202,248],{"id":247},[14,54204,54205],{},"Syntax:",[52,54207,54209],{"className":54,"code":54208,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.clear()\n",[18,54210,54211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54212,54213,54215,54217,54219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54214,8096],{"class":67},[61,54216,244],{"class":75},[61,54218,11136],{"class":112},[61,54220,263],{"class":75},[14,54222,277],{},[26,54224,54225,54228,54231],{},[29,54226,54227],{},"Call it on a list object",[29,54229,54230],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[29,54232,54233],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[47,54235,11228],{"id":11227},[14,54237,11231],{},[52,54239,54241],{"className":54,"code":54240,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,54242,54243,54267,54271,54281,54285],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54244,54245,54247,54249,54251,54253,54255,54257,54259,54261,54263,54265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54246,68],{"class":67},[61,54248,72],{"class":71},[61,54250,76],{"class":75},[61,54252,430],{"class":79},[61,54254,83],{"class":75},[61,54256,435],{"class":79},[61,54258,83],{"class":75},[61,54260,440],{"class":79},[61,54262,83],{"class":75},[61,54264,50601],{"class":79},[61,54266,94],{"class":75},[61,54268,54269],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54270,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,54272,54273,54275,54277,54279],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,54274,113],{"class":67},[61,54276,244],{"class":75},[61,54278,11136],{"class":112},[61,54280,263],{"class":75},[61,54282,54283],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,54284,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,54286,54287,54289,54291,54293],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,54288,130],{"class":129},[61,54290,109],{"class":75},[61,54292,113],{"class":112},[61,54294,116],{"class":75},[14,54296,157],{},[52,54298,54299],{"className":54,"code":38053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,54300,54301],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54302,54303],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54304,38053],{"class":75},[14,54306,11437],{},[26,54308,54309,54314,54320],{},[29,54310,54311,54313],{},[18,54312,113],{}," starts with four items",[29,54315,54316,54319],{},[18,54317,54318],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[29,54321,54322],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54324,54325,54326,244],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[235,54327,52529],{"href":54328},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[47,54330,17175],{"id":17174},[14,54332,54333,2158,54335,244],{},[18,54334,11074],{},[18,54336,3536],{},[14,54338,1386,54339,52425],{},[603,54340,605],{},[52,54342,54344],{"className":54,"code":54343,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[18,54345,54346,54378,54382,54396,54400,54413],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54347,54348,54350,54352,54354,54356,54358,54360,54362,54364,54366,54368,54370,54372,54374,54376],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54349,7539],{"class":67},[61,54351,72],{"class":71},[61,54353,76],{"class":75},[61,54355,816],{"class":190},[61,54357,235],{"class":194},[61,54359,816],{"class":190},[61,54361,83],{"class":75},[61,54363,522],{"class":190},[61,54365,1480],{"class":194},[61,54367,816],{"class":190},[61,54369,83],{"class":75},[61,54371,522],{"class":190},[61,54373,573],{"class":194},[61,54375,816],{"class":190},[61,54377,94],{"class":75},[61,54379,54380],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54381,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,54383,54384,54386,54388,54390,54392,54394],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,54385,100],{"class":67},[61,54387,72],{"class":71},[61,54389,5725],{"class":67},[61,54391,244],{"class":75},[61,54393,11136],{"class":112},[61,54395,263],{"class":75},[61,54397,54398],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,54399,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,54401,54402,54404,54406,54408,54410],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,54403,130],{"class":129},[61,54405,109],{"class":75},[61,54407,993],{"class":112},[61,54409,3417],{"class":75},[61,54411,54412],{"class":3420},"   # []\n",[61,54414,54415,54417,54419,54421,54423],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,54416,130],{"class":129},[61,54418,109],{"class":75},[61,54420,135],{"class":112},[61,54422,3417],{"class":75},[61,54424,20632],{"class":3420},[14,54426,54427],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[52,54429,54431],{"className":54,"code":54430,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[18,54432,54433,54453,54467],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54434,54435,54437,54439,54441,54443,54445,54447,54449,54451],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54436,7539],{"class":67},[61,54438,72],{"class":71},[61,54440,76],{"class":75},[61,54442,80],{"class":79},[61,54444,83],{"class":75},[61,54446,86],{"class":79},[61,54448,83],{"class":75},[61,54450,91],{"class":79},[61,54452,94],{"class":75},[61,54454,54455,54457,54459,54461,54463,54465],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54456,7539],{"class":67},[61,54458,72],{"class":71},[61,54460,5725],{"class":67},[61,54462,244],{"class":75},[61,54464,11136],{"class":112},[61,54466,263],{"class":75},[61,54468,54469,54471,54473,54475],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,54470,130],{"class":129},[61,54472,109],{"class":75},[61,54474,993],{"class":112},[61,54476,116],{"class":75},[14,54478,11670,54479,41912,54481,54483],{},[18,54480,993],{},[18,54482,3536],{},", not an empty list.",[47,54485,54487,54489,54490],{"id":54486},"clear-vs-assigning",[18,54488,11074],{}," vs assigning ",[18,54491,3545],{},[14,54493,54494],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[52,54496,54497],{"className":54,"code":54208,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,54498,54499],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54500,54501,54503,54505,54507],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54502,8096],{"class":67},[61,54504,244],{"class":75},[61,54506,11136],{"class":112},[61,54508,263],{"class":75},[52,54510,54512],{"className":54,"code":54511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = []\n",[18,54513,54514],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54515,54516,54518,54520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54517,8065],{"class":67},[61,54519,72],{"class":71},[61,54521,7596],{"class":75},[408,54523,54525,54527],{"id":54524},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[18,54526,11074],{}," empties the same list object",[52,54529,54531],{"className":54,"code":54530,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[18,54532,54533,54553,54561,54565,54575,54579,54591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54534,54535,54537,54539,54541,54543,54545,54547,54549,54551],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54536,2313],{"class":67},[61,54538,72],{"class":71},[61,54540,76],{"class":75},[61,54542,80],{"class":79},[61,54544,83],{"class":75},[61,54546,86],{"class":79},[61,54548,83],{"class":75},[61,54550,91],{"class":79},[61,54552,94],{"class":75},[61,54554,54555,54557,54559],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54556,2341],{"class":67},[61,54558,72],{"class":71},[61,54560,35932],{"class":67},[61,54562,54563],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,54564,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,54566,54567,54569,54571,54573],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,54568,235],{"class":67},[61,54570,244],{"class":75},[61,54572,11136],{"class":112},[61,54574,263],{"class":75},[61,54576,54577],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,54578,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,54580,54581,54583,54585,54587,54589],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,54582,130],{"class":129},[61,54584,109],{"class":75},[61,54586,235],{"class":112},[61,54588,3417],{"class":75},[61,54590,54164],{"class":3420},[61,54592,54593,54595,54597,54599,54601],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,54594,130],{"class":129},[61,54596,109],{"class":75},[61,54598,1480],{"class":112},[61,54600,3417],{"class":75},[61,54602,54164],{"class":3420},[14,54604,10342,54605,4154,54607,54609],{},[18,54606,235],{},[18,54608,1480],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[408,54611,54613,54616],{"id":54612},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[18,54614,54615],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[52,54618,54620],{"className":54,"code":54619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,54621,54622,54642,54650,54654,54662,54666,54678],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54623,54624,54626,54628,54630,54632,54634,54636,54638,54640],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54625,2313],{"class":67},[61,54627,72],{"class":71},[61,54629,76],{"class":75},[61,54631,80],{"class":79},[61,54633,83],{"class":75},[61,54635,86],{"class":79},[61,54637,83],{"class":75},[61,54639,91],{"class":79},[61,54641,94],{"class":75},[61,54643,54644,54646,54648],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54645,2341],{"class":67},[61,54647,72],{"class":71},[61,54649,35932],{"class":67},[61,54651,54652],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,54653,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,54655,54656,54658,54660],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,54657,2313],{"class":67},[61,54659,72],{"class":71},[61,54661,7596],{"class":75},[61,54663,54664],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,54665,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,54667,54668,54670,54672,54674,54676],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,54669,130],{"class":129},[61,54671,109],{"class":75},[61,54673,235],{"class":112},[61,54675,3417],{"class":75},[61,54677,54164],{"class":3420},[61,54679,54680,54682,54684,54686,54688],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,54681,130],{"class":129},[61,54683,109],{"class":75},[61,54685,1480],{"class":112},[61,54687,3417],{"class":75},[61,54689,54690],{"class":3420},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,54692,20527,54693,54695,54696,54698],{},[18,54694,235],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[18,54697,1480],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54700,54701],{},"This difference matters when:",[26,54703,54704,54707,54710],{},[29,54705,54706],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[29,54708,54709],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[29,54711,54712],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,54714,54715,54716,244],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[235,54717,54719,54720,10492],{"href":54718},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[18,54721,12532],{},[47,54723,4723,54724],{"id":12192},[18,54725,11074],{},[14,54727,204,54728,6076],{},[18,54729,11074],{},[26,54731,54732,54735,54738],{},[29,54733,54734],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[29,54736,54737],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[29,54739,54740],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,54742,1109],{},[52,54744,54746],{"className":54,"code":54745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[18,54747,54748,54784,54788,54793,54804,54808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54749,54750,54753,54755,54757,54759,54762,54764,54766,54768,54771,54773,54775,54777,54780,54782],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54751,54752],{"class":67},"shopping_cart ",[61,54754,72],{"class":71},[61,54756,76],{"class":75},[61,54758,816],{"class":190},[61,54760,54761],{"class":194},"milk",[61,54763,816],{"class":190},[61,54765,83],{"class":75},[61,54767,522],{"class":190},[61,54769,54770],{"class":194},"bread",[61,54772,816],{"class":190},[61,54774,83],{"class":75},[61,54776,522],{"class":190},[61,54778,54779],{"class":194},"eggs",[61,54781,816],{"class":190},[61,54783,94],{"class":75},[61,54785,54786],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54787,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,54789,54790],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,54791,54792],{"class":3420},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[61,54794,54795,54798,54800,54802],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,54796,54797],{"class":67},"shopping_cart",[61,54799,244],{"class":75},[61,54801,11136],{"class":112},[61,54803,263],{"class":75},[61,54805,54806],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,54807,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,54809,54810,54812,54814,54816,54818],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,54811,130],{"class":129},[61,54813,109],{"class":75},[61,54815,54797],{"class":112},[61,54817,3417],{"class":75},[61,54819,54164],{"class":3420},[14,54821,54822,54823,54827,54828,54834,54835,244],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[235,54824,54826],{"href":54825},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[235,54829,54831,10492],{"href":54830},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[18,54832,54833],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[235,54836,54838,10492],{"href":54837},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[18,54839,54840],{},"list.pop()",[47,54842,4280],{"id":4279},[408,54844,54846,54847,10844,54850],{"id":54845},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[18,54848,54849],{},"my_list.clear",[18,54851,54852],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,54854,54855],{},"This does not call the method.",[52,54857,54859],{"className":54,"code":54858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[18,54860,54861,54881,54885,54894],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54862,54863,54865,54867,54869,54871,54873,54875,54877,54879],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54864,7539],{"class":67},[61,54866,72],{"class":71},[61,54868,76],{"class":75},[61,54870,80],{"class":79},[61,54872,83],{"class":75},[61,54874,86],{"class":79},[61,54876,83],{"class":75},[61,54878,91],{"class":79},[61,54880,94],{"class":75},[61,54882,54883],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54884,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,54886,54887,54889,54891],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,54888,993],{"class":67},[61,54890,244],{"class":75},[61,54892,54893],{"class":24507},"clear\n",[61,54895,54896,54898,54900,54902],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,54897,130],{"class":129},[61,54899,109],{"class":75},[61,54901,993],{"class":112},[61,54903,116],{"class":75},[14,54905,157],{},[52,54907,54909],{"className":54,"code":54908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,54910,54911],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54912,54913,54915,54917,54919,54921,54923,54925],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54914,3658],{"class":75},[61,54916,80],{"class":79},[61,54918,83],{"class":75},[61,54920,86],{"class":79},[61,54922,83],{"class":75},[61,54924,91],{"class":79},[61,54926,94],{"class":75},[14,54928,54929],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,54931,10559],{},[52,54933,54935],{"className":54,"code":54934,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54936,54937,54957,54961,54971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54938,54939,54941,54943,54945,54947,54949,54951,54953,54955],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54940,7539],{"class":67},[61,54942,72],{"class":71},[61,54944,76],{"class":75},[61,54946,80],{"class":79},[61,54948,83],{"class":75},[61,54950,86],{"class":79},[61,54952,83],{"class":75},[61,54954,91],{"class":79},[61,54956,94],{"class":75},[61,54958,54959],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,54960,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,54962,54963,54965,54967,54969],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,54964,993],{"class":67},[61,54966,244],{"class":75},[61,54968,11136],{"class":112},[61,54970,263],{"class":75},[61,54972,54973,54975,54977,54979,54981],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,54974,130],{"class":129},[61,54976,109],{"class":75},[61,54978,993],{"class":112},[61,54980,3417],{"class":75},[61,54982,54164],{"class":3420},[408,54984,8211,54986,54988],{"id":54985},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[18,54987,11074],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,54990,54991,2158,54993,54995],{},[18,54992,11074],{},[18,54994,3536],{},", not the list.",[52,54997,54999],{"className":54,"code":54998,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[18,55000,55001,55021,55035,55039,55051],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55002,55003,55005,55007,55009,55011,55013,55015,55017,55019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55004,7539],{"class":67},[61,55006,72],{"class":71},[61,55008,76],{"class":75},[61,55010,80],{"class":79},[61,55012,83],{"class":75},[61,55014,86],{"class":79},[61,55016,83],{"class":75},[61,55018,91],{"class":79},[61,55020,94],{"class":75},[61,55022,55023,55025,55027,55029,55031,55033],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55024,100],{"class":67},[61,55026,72],{"class":71},[61,55028,5725],{"class":67},[61,55030,244],{"class":75},[61,55032,11136],{"class":112},[61,55034,263],{"class":75},[61,55036,55037],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,55038,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,55040,55041,55043,55045,55047,55049],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,55042,130],{"class":129},[61,55044,109],{"class":75},[61,55046,135],{"class":112},[61,55048,3417],{"class":75},[61,55050,20632],{"class":3420},[61,55052,55053,55055,55057,55059,55061],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,55054,130],{"class":129},[61,55056,109],{"class":75},[61,55058,993],{"class":112},[61,55060,3417],{"class":75},[61,55062,54412],{"class":3420},[408,55064,8175,55066,55068],{"id":55065},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[18,55067,11074],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55070,55071,55072,55074],{},"Some types have a ",[18,55073,11074],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55076,55077],{},"This will fail:",[52,55079,55081],{"className":54,"code":55080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[18,55082,55083,55095],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55084,55085,55087,55089,55091,55093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55086,517],{"class":67},[61,55088,72],{"class":71},[61,55090,522],{"class":190},[61,55092,1323],{"class":194},[61,55094,528],{"class":190},[61,55096,55097,55099,55101,55103],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55098,541],{"class":67},[61,55100,244],{"class":75},[61,55102,11136],{"class":112},[61,55104,263],{"class":75},[14,55106,55107,55108,33356],{},"A string does not have a ",[18,55109,11074],{},[14,55111,55112,55113,55115],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[18,55114,3536],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55117,55118],{},"Useful checks:",[52,55120,55122],{"className":54,"code":55121,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[18,55123,55124,55134,55148,55162,55171,55181],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55125,55126,55128,55130,55132],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55127,130],{"class":129},[61,55129,109],{"class":75},[61,55131,8096],{"class":112},[61,55133,116],{"class":75},[61,55135,55136,55138,55140,55142,55144,55146],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55137,130],{"class":129},[61,55139,109],{"class":75},[61,55141,147],{"class":105},[61,55143,109],{"class":75},[61,55145,8096],{"class":112},[61,55147,154],{"class":75},[61,55149,55150,55152,55154,55156,55158,55160],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,55151,130],{"class":129},[61,55153,109],{"class":75},[61,55155,12404],{"class":129},[61,55157,109],{"class":75},[61,55159,8096],{"class":112},[61,55161,154],{"class":75},[61,55163,55164,55166,55168],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,55165,43307],{"class":67},[61,55167,72],{"class":71},[61,55169,55170],{"class":67}," my_list\n",[61,55172,55173,55175,55177,55179],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,55174,8096],{"class":67},[61,55176,244],{"class":75},[61,55178,11136],{"class":112},[61,55180,263],{"class":75},[61,55182,55183,55185,55187,55189],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,55184,130],{"class":129},[61,55186,109],{"class":75},[61,55188,30498],{"class":112},[61,55190,116],{"class":75},[14,55192,55193],{},"These can help you see:",[26,55195,55196,55199,55202],{},[29,55197,55198],{},"What the variable currently contains",[29,55200,55201],{},"Whether it is really a list",[29,55203,55204],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55206,55207,55208,244],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[235,55209,55210],{"href":54054},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[47,55212,1620],{"id":1619},[408,55214,12459,55216,55218],{"id":55215},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[18,55217,54107],{}," delete the list?",[14,55220,55221],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[408,55223,12459,55225,55227],{"id":55224},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[18,55226,54107],{}," return a new list?",[14,55229,55230,55231,55233],{},"No. It returns ",[18,55232,3536],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[408,55235,4943,55237,4154,55239,2251],{"id":55236},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[18,55238,11074],{},[18,55240,54615],{},[14,55242,55243,55245,55246,55248],{},[18,55244,11074],{}," empties the same list object. ",[18,55247,54615],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[408,55250,28085,55252,55254],{"id":55251},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[18,55253,11074],{}," on other types?",[14,55256,55257,55258,55260],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[18,55259,11074],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[47,55262,1664],{"id":1663},[26,55264,55265,55269,55274,55281,55288,55294],{},[29,55266,55267],{},[235,55268,52529],{"href":54328},[29,55270,55271],{},[235,55272,55273],{"href":54825},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[29,55275,55276],{},[235,55277,55278,55279,10492],{"href":54837},"Python list ",[18,55280,12518],{},[29,55282,55283],{},[235,55284,55278,55285,10492],{"href":54830},[18,55286,55287],{},"remove()",[29,55289,55290],{},[235,55291,55278,55292,10492],{"href":54718},[18,55293,12532],{},[29,55295,55296],{},[235,55297,30102,55298,33389],{"href":54054},[18,55299,55300],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1693,55302,55303],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":55305},[55306,55307,55309,55310,55311,55312,55319,55320,55328,55338],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":54172,"depth":97,"text":55308},"What list.clear() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":54486,"depth":97,"text":55313,"children":55314},"clear() vs assigning []",[55315,55317],{"id":54524,"depth":119,"text":55316},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54612,"depth":119,"text":55318},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12192,"depth":97,"text":12564},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":55321},[55322,55324,55326],{"id":54845,"depth":119,"text":55323},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54985,"depth":119,"text":55325},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55065,"depth":119,"text":55327},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":55329},[55330,55332,55334,55336],{"id":55215,"depth":119,"text":55331},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55224,"depth":119,"text":55333},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55236,"depth":119,"text":55335},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55251,"depth":119,"text":55337},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54094,"description":55339},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55346,"title":55347,"body":55348,"description":57033,"extension":1727,"meta":57034,"navigation":122,"path":57035,"seo":57036,"stem":57037,"__hash__":57038},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55349,"toc":57001},[55350,55355,55361,55369,55371,55460,55467,55472,55476,55490,55492,55569,55571,55632,55635,55637,55639,55660,55663,55677,55680,55725,55727,55735,55738,55744,55750,55753,55830,55832,55877,55880,55885,55968,55970,56011,56016,56020,56026,56028,56036,56039,56132,56134,56192,56195,56211,56216,56226,56231,56233,56238,56243,56246,56248,56305,56308,56361,56367,56372,56376,56393,56395,56479,56481,56522,56530,56532,56537,56543,56545,56608,56613,56683,56687,56722,56725,56727,56766,56770,56846,56852,56858,56863,56885,56888,56907,56915,56917,56923,56926,56933,56941,56946,56949,56953,56959,56967,56970,56972,56998],[10,55351,54100,55353,11075],{"id":55352},"python-list-copy-method",[18,55354,12532],{},[14,55356,55357,55360],{},[18,55358,55359],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55362,55363,55364,601,55366,55368],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[18,55365,72],{},[603,55367,605],{}," make a real copy.",[47,55370,50],{"id":49},[52,55372,55374],{"className":54,"code":55373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55375,55376,55396,55411,55415,55430,55434,55447],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55377,55378,55380,55382,55384,55386,55388,55390,55392,55394],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55379,68],{"class":67},[61,55381,72],{"class":71},[61,55383,76],{"class":75},[61,55385,80],{"class":79},[61,55387,83],{"class":75},[61,55389,86],{"class":79},[61,55391,83],{"class":75},[61,55393,91],{"class":79},[61,55395,94],{"class":75},[61,55397,55398,55401,55403,55405,55407,55409],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55399,55400],{"class":67},"new_numbers ",[61,55402,72],{"class":71},[61,55404,4023],{"class":67},[61,55406,244],{"class":75},[61,55408,12666],{"class":112},[61,55410,263],{"class":75},[61,55412,55413],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,55414,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,55416,55417,55420,55422,55424,55426,55428],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,55418,55419],{"class":67},"new_numbers",[61,55421,244],{"class":75},[61,55423,13308],{"class":112},[61,55425,109],{"class":75},[61,55427,1129],{"class":79},[61,55429,116],{"class":75},[61,55431,55432],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,55433,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,55435,55436,55438,55440,55442,55444],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,55437,130],{"class":129},[61,55439,109],{"class":75},[61,55441,113],{"class":112},[61,55443,3417],{"class":75},[61,55445,55446],{"class":3420},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[61,55448,55449,55451,55453,55455,55457],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,55450,130],{"class":129},[61,55452,109],{"class":75},[61,55454,55419],{"class":112},[61,55456,3417],{"class":75},[61,55458,55459],{"class":3420},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55461,204,55462,55464,55465,244],{},[18,55463,55359],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[603,55466,12606],{},[47,55468,3435,55470,3438],{"id":55469},"what-listcopy-does",[18,55471,55359],{},[14,55473,55474,824],{},[18,55475,55359],{},[26,55477,55478,55481,55484,55487],{},[29,55479,55480],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[29,55482,55483],{},"Returns that new list",[29,55485,55486],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[29,55488,55489],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55491,1109],{},[52,55493,55495],{"className":54,"code":55494,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[18,55496,55497,55529,55544,55548,55558],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55498,55499,55501,55503,55505,55507,55509,55511,55513,55515,55517,55519,55521,55523,55525,55527],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55500,35995],{"class":67},[61,55502,72],{"class":71},[61,55504,76],{"class":75},[61,55506,816],{"class":190},[61,55508,3838],{"class":194},[61,55510,816],{"class":190},[61,55512,83],{"class":75},[61,55514,522],{"class":190},[61,55516,3847],{"class":194},[61,55518,816],{"class":190},[61,55520,83],{"class":75},[61,55522,522],{"class":190},[61,55524,32976],{"class":194},[61,55526,816],{"class":190},[61,55528,94],{"class":75},[61,55530,55531,55534,55536,55538,55540,55542],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55532,55533],{"class":67},"copied_fruits ",[61,55535,72],{"class":71},[61,55537,52609],{"class":67},[61,55539,244],{"class":75},[61,55541,12666],{"class":112},[61,55543,263],{"class":75},[61,55545,55546],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,55547,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,55549,55550,55552,55554,55556],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,55551,130],{"class":129},[61,55553,109],{"class":75},[61,55555,36047],{"class":112},[61,55557,116],{"class":75},[61,55559,55560,55562,55564,55567],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,55561,130],{"class":129},[61,55563,109],{"class":75},[61,55565,55566],{"class":112},"copied_fruits",[61,55568,116],{"class":75},[14,55570,157],{},[52,55572,55574],{"className":54,"code":55573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,55575,55576,55604],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55577,55578,55580,55582,55584,55586,55588,55590,55592,55594,55596,55598,55600,55602],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55579,3658],{"class":75},[61,55581,198],{"class":190},[61,55583,3838],{"class":194},[61,55585,198],{"class":190},[61,55587,83],{"class":75},[61,55589,191],{"class":190},[61,55591,3847],{"class":194},[61,55593,198],{"class":190},[61,55595,83],{"class":75},[61,55597,191],{"class":190},[61,55599,32976],{"class":194},[61,55601,198],{"class":190},[61,55603,94],{"class":75},[61,55605,55606,55608,55610,55612,55614,55616,55618,55620,55622,55624,55626,55628,55630],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55607,3658],{"class":75},[61,55609,198],{"class":190},[61,55611,3838],{"class":194},[61,55613,198],{"class":190},[61,55615,83],{"class":75},[61,55617,191],{"class":190},[61,55619,3847],{"class":194},[61,55621,198],{"class":190},[61,55623,83],{"class":75},[61,55625,191],{"class":190},[61,55627,32976],{"class":194},[61,55629,198],{"class":190},[61,55631,94],{"class":75},[14,55633,55634],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[47,55636,248],{"id":247},[14,55638,1922],{},[52,55640,55642],{"className":54,"code":55641,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[18,55643,55644],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55645,55646,55649,55651,55654,55656,55658],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55647,55648],{"class":67},"new_list ",[61,55650,72],{"class":71},[61,55652,55653],{"class":67}," old_list",[61,55655,244],{"class":75},[61,55657,12666],{"class":112},[61,55659,263],{"class":75},[14,55661,55662],{},"How it works:",[26,55664,55665,55671,55674],{},[29,55666,55667,55668,55670],{},"Call ",[18,55669,12532],{}," on an existing list",[29,55672,55673],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[29,55675,55676],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55678,55679],{},"Example with an empty list:",[52,55681,55683],{"className":54,"code":55682,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[18,55684,55685,55694,55710,55714],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55686,55687,55690,55692],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55688,55689],{"class":67},"empty_list ",[61,55691,72],{"class":71},[61,55693,7596],{"class":75},[61,55695,55696,55699,55701,55704,55706,55708],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55697,55698],{"class":67},"new_empty_list ",[61,55700,72],{"class":71},[61,55702,55703],{"class":67}," empty_list",[61,55705,244],{"class":75},[61,55707,12666],{"class":112},[61,55709,263],{"class":75},[61,55711,55712],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,55713,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,55715,55716,55718,55720,55723],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,55717,130],{"class":129},[61,55719,109],{"class":75},[61,55721,55722],{"class":112},"new_empty_list",[61,55724,116],{"class":75},[14,55726,157],{},[52,55728,55729],{"className":54,"code":38053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,55730,55731],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55732,55733],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55734,38053],{"class":75},[14,55736,55737],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[47,55739,55741,55742],{"id":55740},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[18,55743,72],{},[14,55745,8175,55746,601,55748,52425],{},[18,55747,72],{},[603,55749,605],{},[14,55751,55752],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[52,55754,55756],{"className":54,"code":55755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[18,55757,55758,55778,55787,55791,55806,55810,55820],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55759,55760,55762,55764,55766,55768,55770,55772,55774,55776],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55761,68],{"class":67},[61,55763,72],{"class":71},[61,55765,76],{"class":75},[61,55767,80],{"class":79},[61,55769,83],{"class":75},[61,55771,86],{"class":79},[61,55773,83],{"class":75},[61,55775,91],{"class":79},[61,55777,94],{"class":75},[61,55779,55780,55783,55785],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55781,55782],{"class":67},"same_list ",[61,55784,72],{"class":71},[61,55786,43740],{"class":67},[61,55788,55789],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,55790,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,55792,55793,55796,55798,55800,55802,55804],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,55794,55795],{"class":67},"same_list",[61,55797,244],{"class":75},[61,55799,13308],{"class":112},[61,55801,109],{"class":75},[61,55803,1129],{"class":79},[61,55805,116],{"class":75},[61,55807,55808],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,55809,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,55811,55812,55814,55816,55818],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,55813,130],{"class":129},[61,55815,109],{"class":75},[61,55817,113],{"class":112},[61,55819,116],{"class":75},[61,55821,55822,55824,55826,55828],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,55823,130],{"class":129},[61,55825,109],{"class":75},[61,55827,55795],{"class":112},[61,55829,116],{"class":75},[14,55831,157],{},[52,55833,55835],{"className":54,"code":55834,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55836,55837,55857],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55838,55839,55841,55843,55845,55847,55849,55851,55853,55855],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55840,3658],{"class":75},[61,55842,80],{"class":79},[61,55844,83],{"class":75},[61,55846,86],{"class":79},[61,55848,83],{"class":75},[61,55850,91],{"class":79},[61,55852,83],{"class":75},[61,55854,693],{"class":79},[61,55856,94],{"class":75},[61,55858,55859,55861,55863,55865,55867,55869,55871,55873,55875],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55860,3658],{"class":75},[61,55862,80],{"class":79},[61,55864,83],{"class":75},[61,55866,86],{"class":79},[61,55868,83],{"class":75},[61,55870,91],{"class":79},[61,55872,83],{"class":75},[61,55874,693],{"class":79},[61,55876,94],{"class":75},[14,55878,55879],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,55881,55882,55883,824],{},"Now compare that with ",[18,55884,12532],{},[52,55886,55888],{"className":54,"code":55887,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[18,55889,55890,55910,55925,55929,55944,55948,55958],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55891,55892,55894,55896,55898,55900,55902,55904,55906,55908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55893,68],{"class":67},[61,55895,72],{"class":71},[61,55897,76],{"class":75},[61,55899,80],{"class":79},[61,55901,83],{"class":75},[61,55903,86],{"class":79},[61,55905,83],{"class":75},[61,55907,91],{"class":79},[61,55909,94],{"class":75},[61,55911,55912,55915,55917,55919,55921,55923],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55913,55914],{"class":67},"copied_numbers ",[61,55916,72],{"class":71},[61,55918,4023],{"class":67},[61,55920,244],{"class":75},[61,55922,12666],{"class":112},[61,55924,263],{"class":75},[61,55926,55927],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,55928,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,55930,55931,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,55932,55933],{"class":67},"copied_numbers",[61,55935,244],{"class":75},[61,55937,13308],{"class":112},[61,55939,109],{"class":75},[61,55941,1129],{"class":79},[61,55943,116],{"class":75},[61,55945,55946],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,55947,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,55949,55950,55952,55954,55956],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,55951,130],{"class":129},[61,55953,109],{"class":75},[61,55955,113],{"class":112},[61,55957,116],{"class":75},[61,55959,55960,55962,55964,55966],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,55961,130],{"class":129},[61,55963,109],{"class":75},[61,55965,55933],{"class":112},[61,55967,116],{"class":75},[14,55969,157],{},[52,55971,55973],{"className":54,"code":55972,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55974,55975,55991],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55976,55977,55979,55981,55983,55985,55987,55989],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55978,3658],{"class":75},[61,55980,80],{"class":79},[61,55982,83],{"class":75},[61,55984,86],{"class":79},[61,55986,83],{"class":75},[61,55988,91],{"class":79},[61,55990,94],{"class":75},[61,55992,55993,55995,55997,55999,56001,56003,56005,56007,56009],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,55994,3658],{"class":75},[61,55996,80],{"class":79},[61,55998,83],{"class":75},[61,56000,86],{"class":79},[61,56002,83],{"class":75},[61,56004,91],{"class":79},[61,56006,83],{"class":75},[61,56008,693],{"class":79},[61,56010,94],{"class":75},[14,56012,56013,56014,244],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[235,56015,52529],{"href":50737},[47,56017,56019],{"id":56018},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56021,56022,12603,56024,244],{},[18,56023,55359],{},[603,56025,12606],{},[14,56027,1871],{},[26,56029,56030,56033],{},[29,56031,56032],{},"The outer list is new",[29,56034,56035],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56037,56038],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[52,56040,56042],{"className":54,"code":56041,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,56043,56044,56071,56085,56089,56108,56112,56122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56045,56046,56048,56050,56053,56055,56057,56059,56061,56063,56065,56067,56069],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56047,11840],{"class":67},[61,56049,72],{"class":71},[61,56051,56052],{"class":75}," [[",[61,56054,80],{"class":79},[61,56056,83],{"class":75},[61,56058,86],{"class":79},[61,56060,17819],{"class":75},[61,56062,76],{"class":75},[61,56064,1827],{"class":79},[61,56066,83],{"class":75},[61,56068,693],{"class":79},[61,56070,53000],{"class":75},[61,56072,56073,56075,56077,56079,56081,56083],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56074,14066],{"class":67},[61,56076,72],{"class":71},[61,56078,11915],{"class":67},[61,56080,244],{"class":75},[61,56082,12666],{"class":112},[61,56084,263],{"class":75},[61,56086,56087],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,56088,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,56090,56091,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103,56106],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,56092,14085],{"class":67},[61,56094,3658],{"class":75},[61,56096,675],{"class":79},[61,56098,13305],{"class":75},[61,56100,13308],{"class":112},[61,56102,109],{"class":75},[61,56104,56105],{"class":79},"99",[61,56107,116],{"class":75},[61,56109,56110],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,56111,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,56113,56114,56116,56118,56120],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,56115,130],{"class":129},[61,56117,109],{"class":75},[61,56119,11887],{"class":112},[61,56121,116],{"class":75},[61,56123,56124,56126,56128,56130],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,56125,130],{"class":129},[61,56127,109],{"class":75},[61,56129,14085],{"class":112},[61,56131,116],{"class":75},[14,56133,157],{},[52,56135,56137],{"className":54,"code":56136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,56138,56139,56166],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56140,56141,56144,56146,56148,56150,56152,56154,56156,56158,56160,56162,56164],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56142,56143],{"class":75},"[[",[61,56145,80],{"class":79},[61,56147,83],{"class":75},[61,56149,86],{"class":79},[61,56151,83],{"class":75},[61,56153,9949],{"class":79},[61,56155,17819],{"class":75},[61,56157,76],{"class":75},[61,56159,1827],{"class":79},[61,56161,83],{"class":75},[61,56163,693],{"class":79},[61,56165,53000],{"class":75},[61,56167,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176,56178,56180,56182,56184,56186,56188,56190],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56169,56143],{"class":75},[61,56171,80],{"class":79},[61,56173,83],{"class":75},[61,56175,86],{"class":79},[61,56177,83],{"class":75},[61,56179,9949],{"class":79},[61,56181,17819],{"class":75},[61,56183,76],{"class":75},[61,56185,1827],{"class":79},[61,56187,83],{"class":75},[61,56189,693],{"class":79},[61,56191,53000],{"class":75},[14,56193,56194],{},"Why did both change?",[26,56196,56197,56204],{},[29,56198,56199,4154,56201,56203],{},[18,56200,11887],{},[18,56202,14085],{}," are different outer lists",[29,56205,56206,56207,56210],{},"But the inner list ",[18,56208,56209],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56212,53411,56213,56215],{},[18,56214,12532],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[26,56217,56218,56221,56224],{},[29,56219,56220],{},"Numbers",[29,56222,56223],{},"Strings",[29,56225,40352],{},[14,56227,56228,56229,244],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[235,56230,13546],{"href":13545},[47,56232,17175],{"id":17174},[14,56234,56235,56237],{},[18,56236,55359],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56239,1386,56240,56242],{},[603,56241,605],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56244,56245],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56247,16412],{},[52,56249,56251],{"className":54,"code":56250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,56252,56253,56277,56291,56295],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56254,56255,56257,56259,56261,56263,56265,56267,56269,56271,56273,56275],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56256,12831],{"class":67},[61,56258,72],{"class":71},[61,56260,76],{"class":75},[61,56262,816],{"class":190},[61,56264,12848],{"class":194},[61,56266,816],{"class":190},[61,56268,83],{"class":75},[61,56270,522],{"class":190},[61,56272,12865],{"class":194},[61,56274,816],{"class":190},[61,56276,94],{"class":75},[61,56278,56279,56281,56283,56285,56287,56289],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56280,12874],{"class":67},[61,56282,72],{"class":71},[61,56284,12879],{"class":67},[61,56286,244],{"class":75},[61,56288,12666],{"class":112},[61,56290,263],{"class":75},[61,56292,56293],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,56294,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,56296,56297,56299,56301,56303],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,56298,130],{"class":129},[61,56300,109],{"class":75},[61,56302,12898],{"class":112},[61,56304,116],{"class":75},[14,56306,56307],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[52,56309,56311],{"className":54,"code":56310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,56312,56313,56337,56347,56351],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56314,56315,56317,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329,56331,56333,56335],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56316,12831],{"class":67},[61,56318,72],{"class":71},[61,56320,76],{"class":75},[61,56322,816],{"class":190},[61,56324,12848],{"class":194},[61,56326,816],{"class":190},[61,56328,83],{"class":75},[61,56330,522],{"class":190},[61,56332,12865],{"class":194},[61,56334,816],{"class":190},[61,56336,94],{"class":75},[61,56338,56339,56341,56343,56345],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56340,17259],{"class":67},[61,56342,244],{"class":75},[61,56344,12666],{"class":112},[61,56346,263],{"class":75},[61,56348,56349],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,56350,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,56352,56353,56355,56357,56359],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,56354,130],{"class":129},[61,56356,109],{"class":75},[61,56358,17259],{"class":112},[61,56360,116],{"class":75},[14,56362,56363,56364,56366],{},"In the second example, ",[18,56365,12532],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[47,56368,4723,56370],{"id":56369},"when-to-use-listcopy",[18,56371,55359],{},[14,56373,204,56374,1193],{},[18,56375,55359],{},[26,56377,56378,56381,56384,56387],{},[29,56379,56380],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[29,56382,56383],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[29,56385,56386],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[29,56388,56389,56390],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[18,56391,56392],{},"[:]",[14,56394,1109],{},[52,56396,56398],{"className":54,"code":56397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[18,56399,56400,56420,56435,56439,56454,56458,56468],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56401,56402,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412,56414,56416,56418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56403,4826],{"class":67},[61,56405,72],{"class":71},[61,56407,76],{"class":75},[61,56409,430],{"class":79},[61,56411,83],{"class":75},[61,56413,435],{"class":79},[61,56415,83],{"class":75},[61,56417,440],{"class":79},[61,56419,94],{"class":75},[61,56421,56422,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56423,56424],{"class":67},"backup_scores ",[61,56426,72],{"class":71},[61,56428,4873],{"class":67},[61,56430,244],{"class":75},[61,56432,12666],{"class":112},[61,56434,263],{"class":75},[61,56436,56437],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,56438,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,56440,56441,56443,56445,56447,56449,56452],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,56442,16145],{"class":67},[61,56444,244],{"class":75},[61,56446,13308],{"class":112},[61,56448,109],{"class":75},[61,56450,56451],{"class":79},"40",[61,56453,116],{"class":75},[61,56455,56456],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,56457,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,56459,56460,56462,56464,56466],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,56461,130],{"class":129},[61,56463,109],{"class":75},[61,56465,16145],{"class":112},[61,56467,116],{"class":75},[61,56469,56470,56472,56474,56477],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,56471,130],{"class":129},[61,56473,109],{"class":75},[61,56475,56476],{"class":112},"backup_scores",[61,56478,116],{"class":75},[14,56480,157],{},[52,56482,56484],{"className":54,"code":56483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,56485,56486,56506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56487,56488,56490,56492,56494,56496,56498,56500,56502,56504],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56489,3658],{"class":75},[61,56491,430],{"class":79},[61,56493,83],{"class":75},[61,56495,435],{"class":79},[61,56497,83],{"class":75},[61,56499,440],{"class":79},[61,56501,83],{"class":75},[61,56503,50601],{"class":79},[61,56505,94],{"class":75},[61,56507,56508,56510,56512,56514,56516,56518,56520],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56509,3658],{"class":75},[61,56511,430],{"class":79},[61,56513,83],{"class":75},[61,56515,435],{"class":79},[61,56517,83],{"class":75},[61,56519,440],{"class":79},[61,56521,94],{"class":75},[14,56523,56524,56525,244],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[235,56526,55278,56528,10492],{"href":56527},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[18,56529,52410],{},[47,56531,4280],{"id":4279},[14,56533,56534,56535,244],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[18,56536,55359],{},[408,56538,8175,56540,56542],{"id":56539},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[18,56541,72],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56544,38955],{},[52,56546,56548],{"className":54,"code":56547,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56549,56550,56570,56578,56592,56596],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56551,56552,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562,56564,56566,56568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56553,2313],{"class":67},[61,56555,72],{"class":71},[61,56557,76],{"class":75},[61,56559,80],{"class":79},[61,56561,83],{"class":75},[61,56563,86],{"class":79},[61,56565,83],{"class":75},[61,56567,91],{"class":79},[61,56569,94],{"class":75},[61,56571,56572,56574,56576],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56573,2341],{"class":67},[61,56575,72],{"class":71},[61,56577,35932],{"class":67},[61,56579,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,56581,1480],{"class":67},[61,56583,244],{"class":75},[61,56585,13308],{"class":112},[61,56587,109],{"class":75},[61,56589,1129],{"class":79},[61,56591,116],{"class":75},[61,56593,56594],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,56595,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,56597,56598,56600,56602,56604,56606],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,56599,130],{"class":129},[61,56601,109],{"class":75},[61,56603,235],{"class":112},[61,56605,3417],{"class":75},[61,56607,55459],{"class":3420},[14,56609,56610,56611,6391],{},"Fix: use ",[18,56612,12532],{},[52,56614,56616],{"className":54,"code":56615,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,56617,56618,56638,56653,56667,56671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56619,56620,56622,56624,56626,56628,56630,56632,56634,56636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56621,2313],{"class":67},[61,56623,72],{"class":71},[61,56625,76],{"class":75},[61,56627,80],{"class":79},[61,56629,83],{"class":75},[61,56631,86],{"class":79},[61,56633,83],{"class":75},[61,56635,91],{"class":79},[61,56637,94],{"class":75},[61,56639,56640,56642,56644,56647,56649,56651],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56641,2341],{"class":67},[61,56643,72],{"class":71},[61,56645,56646],{"class":67}," a",[61,56648,244],{"class":75},[61,56650,12666],{"class":112},[61,56652,263],{"class":75},[61,56654,56655,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,56656,1480],{"class":67},[61,56658,244],{"class":75},[61,56660,13308],{"class":112},[61,56662,109],{"class":75},[61,56664,1129],{"class":79},[61,56666,116],{"class":75},[61,56668,56669],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,56670,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,56672,56673,56675,56677,56679,56681],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,56674,130],{"class":129},[61,56676,109],{"class":75},[61,56678,235],{"class":112},[61,56680,3417],{"class":75},[61,56682,54690],{"class":3420},[408,56684,56686],{"id":56685},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[52,56688,56690],{"className":54,"code":56689,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[18,56691,56692,56712],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56693,56694,56696,56698,56700,56702,56704,56706,56708,56710],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56695,68],{"class":67},[61,56697,72],{"class":71},[61,56699,76],{"class":75},[61,56701,80],{"class":79},[61,56703,83],{"class":75},[61,56705,86],{"class":79},[61,56707,83],{"class":75},[61,56709,91],{"class":79},[61,56711,94],{"class":75},[61,56713,56714,56716,56718,56720],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56715,113],{"class":67},[61,56717,244],{"class":75},[61,56719,12666],{"class":112},[61,56721,263],{"class":75},[14,56723,56724],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,56726,39018],{},[52,56728,56730],{"className":54,"code":56729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[18,56731,56732,56752],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56733,56734,56736,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746,56748,56750],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56735,68],{"class":67},[61,56737,72],{"class":71},[61,56739,76],{"class":75},[61,56741,80],{"class":79},[61,56743,83],{"class":75},[61,56745,86],{"class":79},[61,56747,83],{"class":75},[61,56749,91],{"class":79},[61,56751,94],{"class":75},[61,56753,56754,56756,56758,56760,56762,56764],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56755,55914],{"class":67},[61,56757,72],{"class":71},[61,56759,4023],{"class":67},[61,56761,244],{"class":75},[61,56763,12666],{"class":112},[61,56765,263],{"class":75},[408,56767,56769],{"id":56768},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[52,56771,56773],{"className":54,"code":56772,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[18,56774,56775,56793,56807,56811,56829,56833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56776,56777,56779,56781,56783,56785,56787,56789,56791],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56778,2313],{"class":67},[61,56780,72],{"class":71},[61,56782,56052],{"class":75},[61,56784,80],{"class":79},[61,56786,17819],{"class":75},[61,56788,76],{"class":75},[61,56790,1821],{"class":79},[61,56792,53000],{"class":75},[61,56794,56795,56797,56799,56801,56803,56805],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56796,2341],{"class":67},[61,56798,72],{"class":71},[61,56800,56646],{"class":67},[61,56802,244],{"class":75},[61,56804,12666],{"class":112},[61,56806,263],{"class":75},[61,56808,56809],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,56810,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,56812,56813,56815,56817,56819,56821,56823,56825,56827],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,56814,1480],{"class":67},[61,56816,3658],{"class":75},[61,56818,675],{"class":79},[61,56820,13305],{"class":75},[61,56822,13308],{"class":112},[61,56824,109],{"class":75},[61,56826,56105],{"class":79},[61,56828,116],{"class":75},[61,56830,56831],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,56832,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,56834,56835,56837,56839,56841,56843],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,56836,130],{"class":129},[61,56838,109],{"class":75},[61,56840,235],{"class":112},[61,56842,3417],{"class":75},[61,56844,56845],{"class":3420},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,56847,56848,56849,56851],{},"Fix: remember that ",[18,56850,55359],{}," is shallow.",[408,56853,25373,56855,56857],{"id":56854},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[18,56856,12532],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,56859,56860,56862],{},[18,56861,12532],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[52,56864,56866],{"className":54,"code":56865,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[18,56867,56868,56880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56869,56870,56872,56874,56876,56878],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56871,7634],{"class":67},[61,56873,72],{"class":71},[61,56875,522],{"class":190},[61,56877,4766],{"class":194},[61,56879,528],{"class":190},[61,56881,56882],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,56883,56884],{"class":3420},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,56886,56887],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[52,56889,56891],{"className":54,"code":56890,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(name))\n",[18,56892,56893],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56894,56895,56897,56899,56901,56903,56905],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56896,130],{"class":129},[61,56898,109],{"class":75},[61,56900,147],{"class":105},[61,56902,109],{"class":75},[61,56904,819],{"class":112},[61,56906,154],{"class":75},[14,56908,56909,56910,56914],{},"You can also review ",[235,56911,56913],{"href":56912},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[47,56916,1620],{"id":1619},[408,56918,12459,56920,56922],{"id":56919},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[18,56921,55359],{}," change the original list?",[14,56924,56925],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[408,56927,4943,56929,4154,56931,2251],{"id":56928},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[18,56930,55359],{},[18,56932,72],{},[14,56934,56935,56937,56938,56940],{},[18,56936,12532],{}," creates a new list. ",[18,56939,72],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[408,56942,14658,56944,14661],{"id":56943},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[18,56945,55359],{},[14,56947,56948],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[408,56950,56952],{"id":56951},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,56954,41909,56955,56958],{},[18,56956,56957],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[408,56960,14658,56962,56964,56965,2251],{"id":56961},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[18,56963,55359],{}," the same as ",[18,56966,56392],{},[14,56968,56969],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[47,56971,1664],{"id":1663},[26,56973,56974,56979,56983,56988,56994],{},[29,56975,56976],{},[235,56977,14720],{"href":56978},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[29,56980,56981],{},[235,56982,52529],{"href":50737},[29,56984,56985],{},[235,56986,56987],{"href":56912},"Creating a list in Python",[29,56989,56990],{},[235,56991,55278,56992,10492],{"href":56527},[18,56993,52410],{},[29,56995,56996],{},[235,56997,13546],{"href":13545},[1693,56999,57000],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":57002},[57003,57004,57006,57007,57009,57010,57011,57013,57021,57032],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":55469,"depth":97,"text":57005},"What list.copy() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":55740,"depth":97,"text":57008},"Why not use =",{"id":56018,"depth":97,"text":56019},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":56369,"depth":97,"text":57012},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":57014},[57015,57017,57018,57019],{"id":56539,"depth":119,"text":57016},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56685,"depth":119,"text":56686},{"id":56768,"depth":119,"text":56769},{"id":56854,"depth":119,"text":57020},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":57022},[57023,57025,57027,57029,57030],{"id":56919,"depth":119,"text":57024},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56928,"depth":119,"text":57026},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56943,"depth":119,"text":57028},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56951,"depth":119,"text":56952},{"id":56961,"depth":119,"text":57031},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55347,"description":57033},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57040,"title":57041,"body":57042,"description":58784,"extension":1727,"meta":58785,"navigation":122,"path":58786,"seo":58787,"stem":58788,"__hash__":58789},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57043,"toc":58743},[57044,57050,57056,57059,57070,57073,57075,57138,57144,57149,57153,57167,57170,57175,57180,57182,57184,57203,57215,57217,57284,57286,57294,57299,57301,57309,57312,57329,57331,57455,57466,57470,57475,57478,57480,57498,57502,57588,57597,57605,57674,57676,57679,57691,57696,57700,57771,57774,57778,57782,57847,57849,57857,57861,57944,57946,57954,57958,58019,58021,58029,58033,58120,58122,58130,58135,58140,58143,58154,58156,58241,58246,58255,58257,58261,58265,58270,58332,58336,58344,58350,58359,58364,58413,58416,58437,58441,58503,58510,58515,58518,58605,58608,58619,58622,58642,58644,58650,58653,58657,58661,58667,58670,58676,58683,58691,58702,58704,58740],[10,57045,54100,57047,11075],{"id":57046},"python-list-count-method",[18,57048,57049],{},"count()",[14,57051,57052,57055],{},[18,57053,57054],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57057,57058],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[26,57060,57061,57064,57067],{},[29,57062,57063],{},"count one specific item",[29,57065,57066],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[29,57068,57069],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57071,57072],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[47,57074,3366],{"id":3365},[52,57076,57078],{"className":54,"code":57077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,57079,57080,57108,57126],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57081,57082,57084,57086,57088,57090,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102,57104,57106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57083,68],{"class":67},[61,57085,72],{"class":71},[61,57087,76],{"class":75},[61,57089,80],{"class":79},[61,57091,83],{"class":75},[61,57093,86],{"class":79},[61,57095,83],{"class":75},[61,57097,86],{"class":79},[61,57099,83],{"class":75},[61,57101,91],{"class":79},[61,57103,83],{"class":75},[61,57105,86],{"class":79},[61,57107,94],{"class":75},[61,57109,57110,57112,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57111,100],{"class":67},[61,57113,72],{"class":71},[61,57115,4023],{"class":67},[61,57117,244],{"class":75},[61,57119,41016],{"class":112},[61,57121,109],{"class":75},[61,57123,1821],{"class":79},[61,57125,116],{"class":75},[61,57127,57128,57130,57132,57134,57136],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,57129,130],{"class":129},[61,57131,109],{"class":75},[61,57133,135],{"class":112},[61,57135,3417],{"class":75},[61,57137,50528],{"class":3420},[14,57139,204,57140,57143],{},[18,57141,57142],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[47,57145,3435,57147,3438],{"id":57146},"what-listcount-does",[18,57148,57054],{},[14,57150,57151,824],{},[18,57152,57054],{},[26,57154,57155,57158,57161,57164],{},[29,57156,57157],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[29,57159,57160],{},"returns an integer",[29,57162,57163],{},"does not change the original list",[29,57165,57166],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57168,57169],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57171,57172,57173,244],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[18,57174,1827],{},[14,57176,57177,57178,244],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[18,57179,675],{},[47,57181,248],{"id":247},[14,57183,1922],{},[52,57185,57187],{"className":54,"code":57186,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.count(value)\n",[18,57188,57189],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57190,57191,57193,57195,57197,57199,57201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57192,8096],{"class":67},[61,57194,244],{"class":75},[61,57196,41016],{"class":112},[61,57198,109],{"class":75},[61,57200,1605],{"class":112},[61,57202,116],{"class":75},[26,57204,57205,57210],{},[29,57206,57207,57209],{},[18,57208,8096],{}," is the list you want to search",[29,57211,57212,57214],{},[18,57213,1605],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57216,1109],{},[52,57218,57220],{"className":54,"code":57219,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,57221,57222,57262],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57223,57224,57226,57228,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238,57240,57242,57244,57246,57248,57250,57252,57254,57256,57258,57260],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57225,35847],{"class":67},[61,57227,72],{"class":71},[61,57229,76],{"class":75},[61,57231,816],{"class":190},[61,57233,235],{"class":194},[61,57235,816],{"class":190},[61,57237,83],{"class":75},[61,57239,522],{"class":190},[61,57241,1480],{"class":194},[61,57243,816],{"class":190},[61,57245,83],{"class":75},[61,57247,522],{"class":190},[61,57249,235],{"class":194},[61,57251,816],{"class":190},[61,57253,83],{"class":75},[61,57255,522],{"class":190},[61,57257,573],{"class":194},[61,57259,816],{"class":190},[61,57261,94],{"class":75},[61,57263,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57265,130],{"class":129},[61,57267,109],{"class":75},[61,57269,35900],{"class":112},[61,57271,244],{"class":75},[61,57273,41016],{"class":112},[61,57275,109],{"class":75},[61,57277,816],{"class":190},[61,57279,235],{"class":194},[61,57281,816],{"class":190},[61,57283,154],{"class":75},[14,57285,157],{},[52,57287,57288],{"className":54,"code":16813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,57289,57290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57291,57292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57293,16813],{"class":79},[14,57295,57296,57297,244],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[18,57298,675],{},[47,57300,37777],{"id":37776},[14,57302,57303,57304,57306,57307,244],{},"The return value from ",[18,57305,57049],{}," is always an ",[18,57308,1279],{},[14,57310,57311],{},"Possible results:",[26,57313,57314,57319,57324],{},[29,57315,57316,57318],{},[18,57317,675],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[29,57320,57321,57323],{},[18,57322,80],{}," if it appears once",[29,57325,57326,57328],{},[18,57327,1821],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57330,1109],{},[52,57332,57334],{"className":54,"code":57333,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[18,57335,57336,57376,57380,57405,57430],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57337,57338,57340,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368,57370,57372,57374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57339,12831],{"class":67},[61,57341,72],{"class":71},[61,57343,76],{"class":75},[61,57345,816],{"class":190},[61,57347,12848],{"class":194},[61,57349,816],{"class":190},[61,57351,83],{"class":75},[61,57353,522],{"class":190},[61,57355,12865],{"class":194},[61,57357,816],{"class":190},[61,57359,83],{"class":75},[61,57361,522],{"class":190},[61,57363,17212],{"class":194},[61,57365,816],{"class":190},[61,57367,83],{"class":75},[61,57369,522],{"class":190},[61,57371,12865],{"class":194},[61,57373,816],{"class":190},[61,57375,94],{"class":75},[61,57377,57378],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57379,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,57381,57382,57384,57386,57388,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,57383,130],{"class":129},[61,57385,109],{"class":75},[61,57387,17259],{"class":112},[61,57389,244],{"class":75},[61,57391,41016],{"class":112},[61,57393,109],{"class":75},[61,57395,816],{"class":190},[61,57397,12865],{"class":194},[61,57399,816],{"class":190},[61,57401,5122],{"class":75},[61,57403,57404],{"class":3420},"   # 2\n",[61,57406,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,57408,130],{"class":129},[61,57410,109],{"class":75},[61,57412,17259],{"class":112},[61,57414,244],{"class":75},[61,57416,41016],{"class":112},[61,57418,109],{"class":75},[61,57420,816],{"class":190},[61,57422,12848],{"class":194},[61,57424,816],{"class":190},[61,57426,5122],{"class":75},[61,57428,57429],{"class":3420},"    # 1\n",[61,57431,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448,57450,57452],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,57433,130],{"class":129},[61,57435,109],{"class":75},[61,57437,17259],{"class":112},[61,57439,244],{"class":75},[61,57441,41016],{"class":112},[61,57443,109],{"class":75},[61,57445,816],{"class":190},[61,57447,22281],{"class":194},[61,57449,816],{"class":190},[61,57451,5122],{"class":75},[61,57453,57454],{"class":3420}," # 0\n",[14,57456,57457,57458,57460,57461,57463,57464,244],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[18,57459,57049],{}," works, but using ",[18,57462,3641],{}," is often simpler. See ",[235,57465,5957],{"href":5956},[47,57467,57469],{"id":57468},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57471,57472,57474],{},[18,57473,57054],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57476,57477],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57479,43408],{},[26,57481,57482,57485,57488,57495],{},[29,57483,57484],{},"matches are based on equality",[29,57486,57487],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[29,57489,57490,4154,57492,57494],{},[18,57491,80],{},[18,57493,3361],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[29,57496,57497],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[408,57499,57501],{"id":57500},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[52,57503,57505],{"className":54,"code":57504,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[18,57506,57507,57540,57564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57508,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57510,3829],{"class":67},[61,57512,72],{"class":71},[61,57514,76],{"class":75},[61,57516,816],{"class":190},[61,57518,3838],{"class":194},[61,57520,816],{"class":190},[61,57522,83],{"class":75},[61,57524,522],{"class":190},[61,57526,57527],{"class":194},"Apple",[61,57529,816],{"class":190},[61,57531,83],{"class":75},[61,57533,522],{"class":190},[61,57535,3838],{"class":194},[61,57537,816],{"class":190},[61,57539,94],{"class":75},[61,57541,57542,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57543,130],{"class":129},[61,57545,109],{"class":75},[61,57547,3873],{"class":112},[61,57549,244],{"class":75},[61,57551,41016],{"class":112},[61,57553,109],{"class":75},[61,57555,816],{"class":190},[61,57557,3838],{"class":194},[61,57559,816],{"class":190},[61,57561,5122],{"class":75},[61,57563,51173],{"class":3420},[61,57565,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,57567,130],{"class":129},[61,57569,109],{"class":75},[61,57571,3873],{"class":112},[61,57573,244],{"class":75},[61,57575,41016],{"class":112},[61,57577,109],{"class":75},[61,57579,816],{"class":190},[61,57581,57527],{"class":194},[61,57583,816],{"class":190},[61,57585,5122],{"class":75},[61,57587,27536],{"class":3420},[14,57589,57590,4154,57593,57596],{},[18,57591,57592],{},"\"apple\"",[18,57594,57595],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[408,57598,57600,4154,57602,57604],{"id":57599},"_1-and-true-can-match",[18,57601,80],{},[18,57603,3361],{}," can match",[52,57606,57608],{"className":54,"code":57607,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[18,57609,57610,57634,57654],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57611,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57613,712],{"class":67},[61,57615,72],{"class":71},[61,57617,76],{"class":75},[61,57619,80],{"class":79},[61,57621,83],{"class":75},[61,57623,3674],{"class":3609},[61,57625,83],{"class":75},[61,57627,86],{"class":79},[61,57629,83],{"class":75},[61,57631,680],{"class":79},[61,57633,94],{"class":75},[61,57635,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648,57650,57652],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57637,130],{"class":129},[61,57639,109],{"class":75},[61,57641,743],{"class":112},[61,57643,244],{"class":75},[61,57645,41016],{"class":112},[61,57647,109],{"class":75},[61,57649,80],{"class":79},[61,57651,5122],{"class":75},[61,57653,50676],{"class":3420},[61,57655,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,57657,130],{"class":129},[61,57659,109],{"class":75},[61,57661,743],{"class":112},[61,57663,244],{"class":75},[61,57665,41016],{"class":112},[61,57667,109],{"class":75},[61,57669,3361],{"class":3609},[61,57671,5122],{"class":75},[61,57673,50528],{"class":3420},[14,57675,4171],{},[14,57677,57678],{},"In Python:",[26,57680,57681,57686],{},[29,57682,57683],{},[18,57684,57685],{},"True == 1",[29,57687,57688],{},[18,57689,57690],{},"False == 0",[14,57692,53411,57693,57695],{},[18,57694,57049],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[408,57697,57699],{"id":57698},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[52,57701,57703],{"className":54,"code":57702,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[18,57704,57705,57747],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57706,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57708,7539],{"class":67},[61,57710,72],{"class":71},[61,57712,56052],{"class":75},[61,57714,80],{"class":79},[61,57716,83],{"class":75},[61,57718,86],{"class":79},[61,57720,17819],{"class":75},[61,57722,76],{"class":75},[61,57724,1827],{"class":79},[61,57726,83],{"class":75},[61,57728,693],{"class":79},[61,57730,17819],{"class":75},[61,57732,76],{"class":75},[61,57734,80],{"class":79},[61,57736,83],{"class":75},[61,57738,86],{"class":79},[61,57740,17819],{"class":75},[61,57742,76],{"class":75},[61,57744,80],{"class":79},[61,57746,53000],{"class":75},[61,57748,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57750,130],{"class":129},[61,57752,109],{"class":75},[61,57754,993],{"class":112},[61,57756,244],{"class":75},[61,57758,41016],{"class":112},[61,57760,1126],{"class":75},[61,57762,80],{"class":79},[61,57764,83],{"class":75},[61,57766,86],{"class":79},[61,57768,4497],{"class":75},[61,57770,51173],{"class":3420},[14,57772,57773],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[47,57775,57777],{"id":57776},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[408,57779,57781],{"id":57780},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[52,57783,57785],{"className":54,"code":57784,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57786,57787,57815,57833,57837],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57788,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57790,68],{"class":67},[61,57792,72],{"class":71},[61,57794,76],{"class":75},[61,57796,430],{"class":79},[61,57798,83],{"class":75},[61,57800,435],{"class":79},[61,57802,83],{"class":75},[61,57804,5763],{"class":79},[61,57806,83],{"class":75},[61,57808,440],{"class":79},[61,57810,83],{"class":75},[61,57812,5763],{"class":79},[61,57814,94],{"class":75},[61,57816,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57818,100],{"class":67},[61,57820,72],{"class":71},[61,57822,4023],{"class":67},[61,57824,244],{"class":75},[61,57826,41016],{"class":112},[61,57828,109],{"class":75},[61,57830,430],{"class":79},[61,57832,116],{"class":75},[61,57834,57835],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,57836,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,57838,57839,57841,57843,57845],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,57840,130],{"class":129},[61,57842,109],{"class":75},[61,57844,135],{"class":112},[61,57846,116],{"class":75},[14,57848,157],{},[52,57850,57851],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,57852,57853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57854,57855],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57856,46375],{"class":79},[408,57858,57860],{"id":57859},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[52,57862,57864],{"className":54,"code":57863,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57865,57866,57908,57930,57934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57867,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57904,57906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57869,3829],{"class":67},[61,57871,72],{"class":71},[61,57873,76],{"class":75},[61,57875,816],{"class":190},[61,57877,525],{"class":194},[61,57879,816],{"class":190},[61,57881,83],{"class":75},[61,57883,522],{"class":190},[61,57885,57886],{"class":194},"dog",[61,57888,816],{"class":190},[61,57890,83],{"class":75},[61,57892,522],{"class":190},[61,57894,525],{"class":194},[61,57896,816],{"class":190},[61,57898,83],{"class":75},[61,57900,522],{"class":190},[61,57902,57903],{"class":194},"bird",[61,57905,816],{"class":190},[61,57907,94],{"class":75},[61,57909,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57911,100],{"class":67},[61,57913,72],{"class":71},[61,57915,5927],{"class":67},[61,57917,244],{"class":75},[61,57919,41016],{"class":112},[61,57921,109],{"class":75},[61,57923,816],{"class":190},[61,57925,525],{"class":194},[61,57927,816],{"class":190},[61,57929,116],{"class":75},[61,57931,57932],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,57933,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,57935,57936,57938,57940,57942],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,57937,130],{"class":129},[61,57939,109],{"class":75},[61,57941,135],{"class":112},[61,57943,116],{"class":75},[14,57945,157],{},[52,57947,57948],{"className":54,"code":16813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,57949,57950],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57951,57952],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57953,16813],{"class":79},[408,57955,57957],{"id":57956},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[52,57959,57961],{"className":54,"code":57960,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57962,57963,57987,58005,58009],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57964,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57966,68],{"class":67},[61,57968,72],{"class":71},[61,57970,76],{"class":75},[61,57972,80],{"class":79},[61,57974,83],{"class":75},[61,57976,86],{"class":79},[61,57978,83],{"class":75},[61,57980,91],{"class":79},[61,57982,83],{"class":75},[61,57984,693],{"class":79},[61,57986,94],{"class":75},[61,57988,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999,58001,58003],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,57990,100],{"class":67},[61,57992,72],{"class":71},[61,57994,4023],{"class":67},[61,57996,244],{"class":75},[61,57998,41016],{"class":112},[61,58000,109],{"class":75},[61,58002,645],{"class":79},[61,58004,116],{"class":75},[61,58006,58007],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,58008,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,58010,58011,58013,58015,58017],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,58012,130],{"class":129},[61,58014,109],{"class":75},[61,58016,135],{"class":112},[61,58018,116],{"class":75},[14,58020,157],{},[52,58022,58023],{"className":54,"code":47010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,58024,58025],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58026,58027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58028,47010],{"class":79},[408,58030,58032],{"id":58031},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[52,58034,58036],{"className":54,"code":58035,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58037,58038,58084,58106,58110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58039,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070,58072,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58041,1459],{"class":67},[61,58043,72],{"class":71},[61,58045,56052],{"class":75},[61,58047,80],{"class":79},[61,58049,83],{"class":75},[61,58051,86],{"class":79},[61,58053,17819],{"class":75},[61,58055,76],{"class":75},[61,58057,80],{"class":79},[61,58059,83],{"class":75},[61,58061,86],{"class":79},[61,58063,17819],{"class":75},[61,58065,76],{"class":75},[61,58067,1821],{"class":79},[61,58069,83],{"class":75},[61,58071,91],{"class":79},[61,58073,17819],{"class":75},[61,58075,76],{"class":75},[61,58077,80],{"class":79},[61,58079,83],{"class":75},[61,58081,86],{"class":79},[61,58083,53000],{"class":75},[61,58085,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58087,100],{"class":67},[61,58089,72],{"class":71},[61,58091,14321],{"class":67},[61,58093,244],{"class":75},[61,58095,41016],{"class":112},[61,58097,1126],{"class":75},[61,58099,80],{"class":79},[61,58101,83],{"class":75},[61,58103,86],{"class":79},[61,58105,1137],{"class":75},[61,58107,58108],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,58109,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,58111,58112,58114,58116,58118],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,58113,130],{"class":129},[61,58115,109],{"class":75},[61,58117,135],{"class":112},[61,58119,116],{"class":75},[14,58121,157],{},[52,58123,58124],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,58125,58126],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58127,58128],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58129,46375],{"class":79},[47,58131,4723,58133],{"id":58132},"when-to-use-count",[18,58134,57049],{},[14,58136,204,58137,58139],{},[18,58138,57049],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58141,58142],{},"Good use cases:",[26,58144,58145,58148,58151],{},[29,58146,58147],{},"counting one specific item",[29,58149,58150],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[29,58152,58153],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58155,1109],{},[52,58157,58159],{"className":54,"code":58158,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[18,58160,58161,58202,58226,58230],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58162,58163,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198,58200],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58164,58165],{"class":67},"votes ",[61,58167,72],{"class":71},[61,58169,76],{"class":75},[61,58171,816],{"class":190},[61,58173,8416],{"class":194},[61,58175,816],{"class":190},[61,58177,83],{"class":75},[61,58179,522],{"class":190},[61,58181,8356],{"class":194},[61,58183,816],{"class":190},[61,58185,83],{"class":75},[61,58187,522],{"class":190},[61,58189,8416],{"class":194},[61,58191,816],{"class":190},[61,58193,83],{"class":75},[61,58195,522],{"class":190},[61,58197,8416],{"class":194},[61,58199,816],{"class":190},[61,58201,94],{"class":75},[61,58203,58204,58207,58209,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58205,58206],{"class":67},"yes_votes ",[61,58208,72],{"class":71},[61,58210,58211],{"class":67}," votes",[61,58213,244],{"class":75},[61,58215,41016],{"class":112},[61,58217,109],{"class":75},[61,58219,816],{"class":190},[61,58221,8416],{"class":194},[61,58223,816],{"class":190},[61,58225,116],{"class":75},[61,58227,58228],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,58229,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,58231,58232,58234,58236,58239],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,58233,130],{"class":129},[61,58235,109],{"class":75},[61,58237,58238],{"class":112},"yes_votes",[61,58240,116],{"class":75},[14,58242,58243,58245],{},[18,58244,57049],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58247,58248,58249,4154,58251,244],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[235,58250,52529],{"href":50737},[235,58252,58254],{"href":58253},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[47,58256,2590],{"id":2589},[14,58258,8205,58259,244],{},[18,58260,57054],{},[408,58262,58264],{"id":58263},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58266,58267,58269],{},[18,58268,57054],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[52,58271,58273],{"className":54,"code":58272,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[18,58274,58275,58308],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58276,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58278,3829],{"class":67},[61,58280,72],{"class":71},[61,58282,76],{"class":75},[61,58284,816],{"class":190},[61,58286,58287],{"class":194},"apple pie",[61,58289,816],{"class":190},[61,58291,83],{"class":75},[61,58293,522],{"class":190},[61,58295,3847],{"class":194},[61,58297,816],{"class":190},[61,58299,83],{"class":75},[61,58301,522],{"class":190},[61,58303,58287],{"class":194},[61,58305,816],{"class":190},[61,58307,94],{"class":75},[61,58309,58310,58312,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322,58324,58326,58328,58330],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58311,130],{"class":129},[61,58313,109],{"class":75},[61,58315,3873],{"class":112},[61,58317,244],{"class":75},[61,58319,41016],{"class":112},[61,58321,109],{"class":75},[61,58323,816],{"class":190},[61,58325,3838],{"class":194},[61,58327,816],{"class":190},[61,58329,5122],{"class":75},[61,58331,51005],{"class":3420},[14,58333,2247,58334,2251],{},[18,58335,675],{},[14,58337,28818,58338,58340,58341,244],{},[18,58339,57592],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[18,58342,58343],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58345,58346,58347,244],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[18,58348,58349],{},"str.count()",[408,58351,8211,58353,8214,58355,2638,58357],{"id":58352},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[18,58354,57049],{},[18,58356,3361],{},[18,58358,3431],{},[14,58360,58361,58363],{},[18,58362,57049],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[52,58365,58367],{"className":54,"code":58366,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[18,58368,58369,58393],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58370,58371,58373,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389,58391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58372,68],{"class":67},[61,58374,72],{"class":71},[61,58376,76],{"class":75},[61,58378,80],{"class":79},[61,58380,83],{"class":75},[61,58382,86],{"class":79},[61,58384,83],{"class":75},[61,58386,86],{"class":79},[61,58388,83],{"class":75},[61,58390,91],{"class":79},[61,58392,94],{"class":75},[61,58394,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407,58409,58411],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58396,130],{"class":129},[61,58398,109],{"class":75},[61,58400,113],{"class":112},[61,58402,244],{"class":75},[61,58404,41016],{"class":112},[61,58406,109],{"class":75},[61,58408,1821],{"class":79},[61,58410,5122],{"class":75},[61,58412,51173],{"class":3420},[14,58414,58415],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[52,58417,58419],{"className":54,"code":58418,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[18,58420,58421],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58422,58423,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433,58435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58424,130],{"class":129},[61,58426,109],{"class":75},[61,58428,1821],{"class":79},[61,58430,20930],{"class":3634},[61,58432,4023],{"class":112},[61,58434,3417],{"class":75},[61,58436,3421],{"class":3420},[408,58438,58440],{"id":58439},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[52,58442,58444],{"className":54,"code":58443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[18,58445,58446,58479],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58447,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58475,58477],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58449,4757],{"class":67},[61,58451,72],{"class":71},[61,58453,76],{"class":75},[61,58455,816],{"class":190},[61,58457,7436],{"class":194},[61,58459,816],{"class":190},[61,58461,83],{"class":75},[61,58463,522],{"class":190},[61,58465,19974],{"class":194},[61,58467,816],{"class":190},[61,58469,83],{"class":75},[61,58471,522],{"class":190},[61,58473,58474],{"class":194},"SAM",[61,58476,816],{"class":190},[61,58478,94],{"class":75},[61,58480,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58482,130],{"class":129},[61,58484,109],{"class":75},[61,58486,4801],{"class":112},[61,58488,244],{"class":75},[61,58490,41016],{"class":112},[61,58492,109],{"class":75},[61,58494,816],{"class":190},[61,58496,19974],{"class":194},[61,58498,816],{"class":190},[61,58500,5122],{"class":75},[61,58502,27536],{"class":3420},[14,58504,58505,58506,58509],{},"Only the exact string ",[18,58507,58508],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[408,58511,312,58513,33304],{"id":58512},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[18,58514,57049],{},[14,58516,58517],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[52,58519,58521],{"className":54,"code":58520,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[18,58522,58523,58533,58547,58565,58579,58591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58524,58525,58527,58529,58531],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58526,130],{"class":129},[61,58528,109],{"class":75},[61,58530,8096],{"class":112},[61,58532,116],{"class":75},[61,58534,58535,58537,58539,58541,58543,58545],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58536,130],{"class":129},[61,58538,109],{"class":75},[61,58540,147],{"class":105},[61,58542,109],{"class":75},[61,58544,8096],{"class":112},[61,58546,154],{"class":75},[61,58548,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557,58559,58561,58563],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,58550,130],{"class":129},[61,58552,109],{"class":75},[61,58554,8096],{"class":112},[61,58556,244],{"class":75},[61,58558,41016],{"class":112},[61,58560,109],{"class":75},[61,58562,1605],{"class":112},[61,58564,154],{"class":75},[61,58566,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,58568,130],{"class":129},[61,58570,109],{"class":75},[61,58572,1580],{"class":112},[61,58574,3641],{"class":3634},[61,58576,8153],{"class":112},[61,58578,116],{"class":75},[61,58580,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,58582,5717],{"class":3634},[61,58584,5720],{"class":67},[61,58586,3641],{"class":3634},[61,58588,8153],{"class":67},[61,58590,6152],{"class":75},[61,58592,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,58594,7827],{"class":129},[61,58596,109],{"class":75},[61,58598,41536],{"class":129},[61,58600,109],{"class":75},[61,58602,23068],{"class":112},[61,58604,154],{"class":75},[14,58606,58607],{},"These checks can help you see:",[26,58609,58610,58613,58616],{},[29,58611,58612],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[29,58614,58615],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[29,58617,58618],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58620,58621],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[26,58623,58624,58629,58632,58639],{},[29,58625,50249,58626,58628],{},[18,58627,57049],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[29,58630,58631],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[29,58633,10859,58634,58636,58637],{},[18,58635,57054],{}," with string ",[18,58638,57049],{},[29,58640,58641],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[47,58643,1620],{"id":1619},[408,58645,12459,58647,58649],{"id":58646},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[18,58648,57054],{}," change the list?",[14,58651,58652],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[408,58654,58656],{"id":58655},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58658,11665,58659,244],{},[18,58660,675],{},[408,58662,4933,58664,58666],{"id":58663},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[18,58665,57054],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58668,58669],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[408,58671,14658,58673,58675],{"id":58672},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[18,58674,57054],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58677,41909,58678,4154,58680,58682],{},[18,58679,57595],{},[18,58681,57592],{}," are different values.",[408,58684,4921,58686,58688,58689,2251],{"id":58685},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[18,58687,3361],{}," sometimes count like ",[18,58690,80],{},[14,58692,8544,58693,58695,58696,4154,58698,58695,58700,244],{},[18,58694,3361],{}," compares equal to ",[18,58697,80],{},[18,58699,3431],{},[18,58701,675],{},[47,58703,1664],{"id":1663},[26,58705,58706,58710,58716,58720,58728,58735],{},[29,58707,58708],{},[235,58709,52529],{"href":50737},[29,58711,58712],{},[235,58713,58715],{"href":58714},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[29,58717,58718],{},[235,58719,6696],{"href":5956},[29,58721,58722],{},[235,58723,55278,58725,10492],{"href":58724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[18,58726,58727],{},"index()",[29,58729,58730],{},[235,58731,3332,58733],{"href":58732},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[18,58734,42118],{},[29,58736,58737],{},[235,58738,58739],{"href":58253},"What is a list in Python",[1693,58741,58742],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":58744},[58745,58746,58748,58749,58750,58756,58762,58764,58772,58783],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":57146,"depth":97,"text":58747},"What list.count() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":37776,"depth":97,"text":37777},{"id":57468,"depth":97,"text":57469,"children":58751},[58752,58753,58755],{"id":57500,"depth":119,"text":57501},{"id":57599,"depth":119,"text":58754},"1 and True can match",{"id":57698,"depth":119,"text":57699},{"id":57776,"depth":97,"text":57777,"children":58757},[58758,58759,58760,58761],{"id":57780,"depth":119,"text":57781},{"id":57859,"depth":119,"text":57860},{"id":57956,"depth":119,"text":57957},{"id":58031,"depth":119,"text":58032},{"id":58132,"depth":97,"text":58763},"When to use count()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":58765},[58766,58767,58769,58770],{"id":58263,"depth":119,"text":58264},{"id":58352,"depth":119,"text":58768},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58439,"depth":119,"text":58440},{"id":58512,"depth":119,"text":58771},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":58773},[58774,58776,58777,58779,58781],{"id":58646,"depth":119,"text":58775},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58655,"depth":119,"text":58656},{"id":58663,"depth":119,"text":58778},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58672,"depth":119,"text":58780},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58685,"depth":119,"text":58782},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57041,"description":58784},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58791,"title":58792,"body":58793,"description":60750,"extension":1727,"meta":60751,"navigation":122,"path":60752,"seo":60753,"stem":60754,"__hash__":60755},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58794,"toc":60713},[58795,58798,58801,58803,58931,58935,59016,59027,59029,59048,59052,59055,59058,59076,59078,59121,59125,59150,59159,59163,59168,59171,59288,59292,59361,59365,59377,59381,59384,59425,59429,59442,59445,59530,59534,59567,59574,59580,59585,59587,59599,59603,59636,59640,59672,59676,59713,59717,59737,59741,59774,59778,59807,59817,59821,59824,59827,59840,59897,59901,59940,59946,59949,59951,59954,59958,59961,59986,59988,60013,60020,60023,60068,60072,60091,60094,60133,60140,60145,60179,60183,60280,60287,60320,60324,60350,60354,60357,60395,60398,60435,60439,60442,60461,60465,60526,60528,60546,60550,60553,60556,60585,60587,60591,60594,60602,60606,60609,60629,60635,60641,60645,60648,60655,60663,60665,60704,60710],[10,58796,58792],{"id":58797},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,58799,58800],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[47,58802,3366],{"id":3365},[52,58804,58806],{"className":54,"code":58805,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,58807,58808,58828,58860,58868,58886,58890,58900,58910,58921],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58809,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824,58826],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58811,68],{"class":67},[61,58813,72],{"class":71},[61,58815,76],{"class":75},[61,58817,80],{"class":79},[61,58819,83],{"class":75},[61,58821,86],{"class":79},[61,58823,83],{"class":75},[61,58825,91],{"class":79},[61,58827,94],{"class":75},[61,58829,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850,58852,58854,58856,58858],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58831,4757],{"class":67},[61,58833,72],{"class":71},[61,58835,76],{"class":75},[61,58837,816],{"class":190},[61,58839,829],{"class":194},[61,58841,816],{"class":190},[61,58843,83],{"class":75},[61,58845,522],{"class":190},[61,58847,35697],{"class":194},[61,58849,816],{"class":190},[61,58851,83],{"class":75},[61,58853,522],{"class":190},[61,58855,35706],{"class":194},[61,58857,816],{"class":190},[61,58859,94],{"class":75},[61,58861,58862,58864,58866],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,58863,55689],{"class":67},[61,58865,72],{"class":71},[61,58867,7596],{"class":75},[61,58869,58870,58872,58874,58876,58878,58880,58882,58884],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,58871,35847],{"class":67},[61,58873,72],{"class":71},[61,58875,22317],{"class":105},[61,58877,109],{"class":75},[61,58879,816],{"class":190},[61,58881,41317],{"class":194},[61,58883,816],{"class":190},[61,58885,116],{"class":75},[61,58887,58888],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,58889,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,58891,58892,58894,58896,58898],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,58893,130],{"class":129},[61,58895,109],{"class":75},[61,58897,113],{"class":112},[61,58899,116],{"class":75},[61,58901,58902,58904,58906,58908],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,58903,130],{"class":129},[61,58905,109],{"class":75},[61,58907,4801],{"class":112},[61,58909,116],{"class":75},[61,58911,58912,58914,58916,58919],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,58913,130],{"class":129},[61,58915,109],{"class":75},[61,58917,58918],{"class":112},"empty_list",[61,58920,116],{"class":75},[61,58922,58923,58925,58927,58929],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,58924,130],{"class":129},[61,58926,109],{"class":75},[61,58928,35900],{"class":112},[61,58930,116],{"class":75},[14,58932,58933],{},[603,58934,157],{},[52,58936,58938],{"className":54,"code":58937,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,58939,58940,58956,58984,58988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58941,58942,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58943,3658],{"class":75},[61,58945,80],{"class":79},[61,58947,83],{"class":75},[61,58949,86],{"class":79},[61,58951,83],{"class":75},[61,58953,91],{"class":79},[61,58955,94],{"class":75},[61,58957,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,58959,3658],{"class":75},[61,58961,198],{"class":190},[61,58963,829],{"class":194},[61,58965,198],{"class":190},[61,58967,83],{"class":75},[61,58969,191],{"class":190},[61,58971,35697],{"class":194},[61,58973,198],{"class":190},[61,58975,83],{"class":75},[61,58977,191],{"class":190},[61,58979,35706],{"class":194},[61,58981,198],{"class":190},[61,58983,94],{"class":75},[61,58985,58986],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,58987,38053],{"class":75},[61,58989,58990,58992,58994,58996,58998,59000,59002,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012,59014],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,58991,3658],{"class":75},[61,58993,198],{"class":190},[61,58995,235],{"class":194},[61,58997,198],{"class":190},[61,58999,83],{"class":75},[61,59001,191],{"class":190},[61,59003,1480],{"class":194},[61,59005,198],{"class":190},[61,59007,83],{"class":75},[61,59009,191],{"class":190},[61,59011,573],{"class":194},[61,59013,198],{"class":190},[61,59015,94],{"class":75},[14,59017,59018,59019,59021,59022,59024,59025,244],{},"Use square brackets ",[18,59020,3545],{}," for most lists. Use ",[18,59023,24538],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,59026,618],{},[47,59028,14918],{"id":14917},[26,59030,59031,59034,59037,59040,59045],{},[29,59032,59033],{},"What a list is in Python",[29,59035,59036],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[29,59038,59039],{},"How to create an empty list",[29,59041,59042,59043,2064],{},"How to create a list with the ",[18,59044,24538],{},[29,59046,59047],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[47,59049,59051],{"id":59050},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59053,59054],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59056,59057],{},"This means:",[26,59059,59060,59063,59066,59069],{},[29,59061,59062],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[29,59064,59065],{},"The order of items is kept",[29,59067,59068],{},"A list can hold different data types",[29,59070,59071,59072,59075],{},"A list is ",[603,59073,59074],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59077,1109],{},[52,59079,59081],{"className":54,"code":59080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,59082,59083,59107,59111],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59084,59085,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101,59103,59105],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59086,7539],{"class":67},[61,59088,72],{"class":71},[61,59090,76],{"class":75},[61,59092,816],{"class":190},[61,59094,3838],{"class":194},[61,59096,816],{"class":190},[61,59098,83],{"class":75},[61,59100,5763],{"class":79},[61,59102,83],{"class":75},[61,59104,3674],{"class":3609},[61,59106,94],{"class":75},[61,59108,59109],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59110,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,59112,59113,59115,59117,59119],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,59114,130],{"class":129},[61,59116,109],{"class":75},[61,59118,993],{"class":112},[61,59120,116],{"class":75},[14,59122,59123],{},[603,59124,157],{},[52,59126,59128],{"className":54,"code":59127,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[18,59129,59130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59131,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59133,3658],{"class":75},[61,59135,198],{"class":190},[61,59137,3838],{"class":194},[61,59139,198],{"class":190},[61,59141,83],{"class":75},[61,59143,5763],{"class":79},[61,59145,83],{"class":75},[61,59147,3674],{"class":3609},[61,59149,94],{"class":75},[14,59151,59152,59153,2638,59156,244],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[235,59154,59155],{"href":50737},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[235,59157,59158],{"href":58253},"What is a List in Python?",[47,59160,59162],{"id":59161},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59164,59018,59165,59167],{},[18,59166,3545],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59169,59170],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[52,59172,59174],{"className":54,"code":59173,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,59175,59176,59196,59228,59253,59257,59267,59277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59177,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190,59192,59194],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59179,68],{"class":67},[61,59181,72],{"class":71},[61,59183,76],{"class":75},[61,59185,80],{"class":79},[61,59187,83],{"class":75},[61,59189,86],{"class":79},[61,59191,83],{"class":75},[61,59193,91],{"class":79},[61,59195,94],{"class":75},[61,59197,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222,59224,59226],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59199,4757],{"class":67},[61,59201,72],{"class":71},[61,59203,76],{"class":75},[61,59205,816],{"class":190},[61,59207,829],{"class":194},[61,59209,816],{"class":190},[61,59211,83],{"class":75},[61,59213,522],{"class":190},[61,59215,35697],{"class":194},[61,59217,816],{"class":190},[61,59219,83],{"class":75},[61,59221,522],{"class":190},[61,59223,35706],{"class":194},[61,59225,816],{"class":190},[61,59227,94],{"class":75},[61,59229,59230,59233,59235,59237,59239,59241,59243,59245,59247,59249,59251],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,59231,59232],{"class":67},"mixed ",[61,59234,72],{"class":71},[61,59236,76],{"class":75},[61,59238,430],{"class":79},[61,59240,83],{"class":75},[61,59242,522],{"class":190},[61,59244,1323],{"class":194},[61,59246,816],{"class":190},[61,59248,83],{"class":75},[61,59250,3665],{"class":3609},[61,59252,94],{"class":75},[61,59254,59255],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,59256,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,59258,59259,59261,59263,59265],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,59260,130],{"class":129},[61,59262,109],{"class":75},[61,59264,113],{"class":112},[61,59266,116],{"class":75},[61,59268,59269,59271,59273,59275],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,59270,130],{"class":129},[61,59272,109],{"class":75},[61,59274,4801],{"class":112},[61,59276,116],{"class":75},[61,59278,59279,59281,59283,59286],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,59280,130],{"class":129},[61,59282,109],{"class":75},[61,59284,59285],{"class":112},"mixed",[61,59287,116],{"class":75},[14,59289,59290],{},[603,59291,157],{},[52,59293,59295],{"className":54,"code":59294,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[18,59296,59297,59313,59341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59298,59299,59301,59303,59305,59307,59309,59311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59300,3658],{"class":75},[61,59302,80],{"class":79},[61,59304,83],{"class":75},[61,59306,86],{"class":79},[61,59308,83],{"class":75},[61,59310,91],{"class":79},[61,59312,94],{"class":75},[61,59314,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59337,59339],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59316,3658],{"class":75},[61,59318,198],{"class":190},[61,59320,829],{"class":194},[61,59322,198],{"class":190},[61,59324,83],{"class":75},[61,59326,191],{"class":190},[61,59328,35697],{"class":194},[61,59330,198],{"class":190},[61,59332,83],{"class":75},[61,59334,191],{"class":190},[61,59336,35706],{"class":194},[61,59338,198],{"class":190},[61,59340,94],{"class":75},[61,59342,59343,59345,59347,59349,59351,59353,59355,59357,59359],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,59344,3658],{"class":75},[61,59346,430],{"class":79},[61,59348,83],{"class":75},[61,59350,191],{"class":190},[61,59352,1323],{"class":194},[61,59354,198],{"class":190},[61,59356,83],{"class":75},[61,59358,3665],{"class":3609},[61,59360,94],{"class":75},[408,59362,59364],{"id":59363},"key-points","Key points",[26,59366,59367,59372,59374],{},[29,59368,204,59369,59371],{},[18,59370,3545],{}," to make a new list",[29,59373,15188],{},[29,59375,59376],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[47,59378,59380],{"id":59379},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59382,59383],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[52,59385,59387],{"className":54,"code":59386,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[18,59388,59389,59397,59401,59411],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59390,59391,59393,59395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59392,8065],{"class":67},[61,59394,72],{"class":71},[61,59396,7596],{"class":75},[61,59398,59399],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59400,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,59402,59403,59405,59407,59409],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,59404,130],{"class":129},[61,59406,109],{"class":75},[61,59408,8096],{"class":112},[61,59410,116],{"class":75},[61,59412,59413,59415,59417,59419,59421,59423],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,59414,130],{"class":129},[61,59416,109],{"class":75},[61,59418,10914],{"class":129},[61,59420,109],{"class":75},[61,59422,8096],{"class":112},[61,59424,154],{"class":75},[14,59426,59427],{},[603,59428,157],{},[52,59430,59432],{"className":54,"code":59431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[]\n0\n",[18,59433,59434,59438],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59435,59436],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59437,38053],{"class":75},[61,59439,59440],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59441,47010],{"class":79},[14,59443,59444],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[52,59446,59448],{"className":54,"code":59447,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,59449,59450,59458,59462,59480,59498,59516,59520],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59451,59452,59454,59456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59453,4757],{"class":67},[61,59455,72],{"class":71},[61,59457,7596],{"class":75},[61,59459,59460],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59461,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,59463,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476,59478],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,59465,4801],{"class":67},[61,59467,244],{"class":75},[61,59469,13308],{"class":112},[61,59471,109],{"class":75},[61,59473,816],{"class":190},[61,59475,829],{"class":194},[61,59477,816],{"class":190},[61,59479,116],{"class":75},[61,59481,59482,59484,59486,59488,59490,59492,59494,59496],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,59483,4801],{"class":67},[61,59485,244],{"class":75},[61,59487,13308],{"class":112},[61,59489,109],{"class":75},[61,59491,816],{"class":190},[61,59493,35697],{"class":194},[61,59495,816],{"class":190},[61,59497,116],{"class":75},[61,59499,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512,59514],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,59501,4801],{"class":67},[61,59503,244],{"class":75},[61,59505,13308],{"class":112},[61,59507,109],{"class":75},[61,59509,816],{"class":190},[61,59511,35706],{"class":194},[61,59513,816],{"class":190},[61,59515,116],{"class":75},[61,59517,59518],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,59519,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,59521,59522,59524,59526,59528],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,59523,130],{"class":129},[61,59525,109],{"class":75},[61,59527,4801],{"class":112},[61,59529,116],{"class":75},[14,59531,59532],{},[603,59533,157],{},[52,59535,59537],{"className":54,"code":59536,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,59538,59539],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59540,59541,59543,59545,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59542,3658],{"class":75},[61,59544,198],{"class":190},[61,59546,829],{"class":194},[61,59548,198],{"class":190},[61,59550,83],{"class":75},[61,59552,191],{"class":190},[61,59554,35697],{"class":194},[61,59556,198],{"class":190},[61,59558,83],{"class":75},[61,59560,191],{"class":190},[61,59562,35706],{"class":194},[61,59564,198],{"class":190},[61,59566,94],{"class":75},[14,59568,59569,59570,244],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[235,59571,59572,10492],{"href":56527},[18,59573,52410],{},[47,59575,59577,59578],{"id":59576},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[18,59579,24538],{},[14,59581,204,59582,59584],{},[18,59583,24538],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59586,5218],{},[26,59588,59589,59591,59593,59595],{},[29,59590,293],{},[29,59592,5066],{},[29,59594,299],{},[29,59596,59597],{},[18,59598,618],{},[408,59600,59602],{"id":59601},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[52,59604,59606],{"className":54,"code":59605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59607,59608,59626],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59609,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620,59622,59624],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59611,35847],{"class":67},[61,59613,72],{"class":71},[61,59615,22317],{"class":105},[61,59617,109],{"class":75},[61,59619,816],{"class":190},[61,59621,41317],{"class":194},[61,59623,816],{"class":190},[61,59625,116],{"class":75},[61,59627,59628,59630,59632,59634],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59629,130],{"class":129},[61,59631,109],{"class":75},[61,59633,35900],{"class":112},[61,59635,116],{"class":75},[14,59637,59638],{},[603,59639,157],{},[52,59641,59642],{"className":54,"code":42633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,59643,59644],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59645,59646,59648,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59647,3658],{"class":75},[61,59649,198],{"class":190},[61,59651,235],{"class":194},[61,59653,198],{"class":190},[61,59655,83],{"class":75},[61,59657,191],{"class":190},[61,59659,1480],{"class":194},[61,59661,198],{"class":190},[61,59663,83],{"class":75},[61,59665,191],{"class":190},[61,59667,573],{"class":194},[61,59669,198],{"class":190},[61,59671,94],{"class":75},[408,59673,59675],{"id":59674},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[52,59677,59679],{"className":54,"code":59678,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,59680,59681,59703],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59682,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59684,68],{"class":67},[61,59686,72],{"class":71},[61,59688,22317],{"class":105},[61,59690,1028],{"class":75},[61,59692,80],{"class":79},[61,59694,83],{"class":75},[61,59696,86],{"class":79},[61,59698,83],{"class":75},[61,59700,91],{"class":79},[61,59702,154],{"class":75},[61,59704,59705,59707,59709,59711],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59706,130],{"class":129},[61,59708,109],{"class":75},[61,59710,113],{"class":112},[61,59712,116],{"class":75},[14,59714,59715],{},[603,59716,157],{},[52,59718,59719],{"className":54,"code":54908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,59720,59721],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59722,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731,59733,59735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59724,3658],{"class":75},[61,59726,80],{"class":79},[61,59728,83],{"class":75},[61,59730,86],{"class":79},[61,59732,83],{"class":75},[61,59734,91],{"class":79},[61,59736,94],{"class":75},[408,59738,59740],{"id":59739},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[52,59742,59744],{"className":54,"code":59743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[18,59745,59746,59764],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59747,59748,59750,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760,59762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59749,712],{"class":67},[61,59751,72],{"class":71},[61,59753,22317],{"class":105},[61,59755,109],{"class":75},[61,59757,640],{"class":129},[61,59759,109],{"class":75},[61,59761,645],{"class":79},[61,59763,154],{"class":75},[61,59765,59766,59768,59770,59772],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59767,130],{"class":129},[61,59769,109],{"class":75},[61,59771,743],{"class":112},[61,59773,116],{"class":75},[14,59775,59776],{},[603,59777,157],{},[52,59779,59781],{"className":54,"code":59780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,59782,59783],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59784,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803,59805],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59786,3658],{"class":75},[61,59788,675],{"class":79},[61,59790,83],{"class":75},[61,59792,680],{"class":79},[61,59794,83],{"class":75},[61,59796,86],{"class":79},[61,59798,83],{"class":75},[61,59800,91],{"class":79},[61,59802,83],{"class":75},[61,59804,693],{"class":79},[61,59806,94],{"class":75},[14,59808,59809,59811,59812,244],{},[18,59810,24538],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[235,59813,59814,59816],{"href":499},[18,59815,24538],{},": Function Explained",[47,59818,59820],{"id":59819},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,59822,59823],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,59825,59826],{},"Examples include:",[26,59828,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837],{},[29,59830,293],{},[29,59832,40181],{},[29,59834,51804],{},[29,59836,40351],{},[29,59838,59839],{},"other lists",[52,59841,59843],{"className":54,"code":59842,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,59844,59845,59883,59887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59846,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59848,1459],{"class":67},[61,59850,72],{"class":71},[61,59852,76],{"class":75},[61,59854,816],{"class":190},[61,59856,829],{"class":194},[61,59858,816],{"class":190},[61,59860,83],{"class":75},[61,59862,845],{"class":79},[61,59864,83],{"class":75},[61,59866,3674],{"class":3609},[61,59868,83],{"class":75},[61,59870,76],{"class":75},[61,59872,80],{"class":79},[61,59874,83],{"class":75},[61,59876,86],{"class":79},[61,59878,83],{"class":75},[61,59880,91],{"class":79},[61,59882,53000],{"class":75},[61,59884,59885],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59886,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,59888,59889,59891,59893,59895],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,59890,130],{"class":129},[61,59892,109],{"class":75},[61,59894,1501],{"class":112},[61,59896,116],{"class":75},[14,59898,59899],{},[603,59900,157],{},[52,59902,59904],{"className":54,"code":59903,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,59905,59906],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59907,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922,59924,59926,59928,59930,59932,59934,59936,59938],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59909,3658],{"class":75},[61,59911,198],{"class":190},[61,59913,829],{"class":194},[61,59915,198],{"class":190},[61,59917,83],{"class":75},[61,59919,845],{"class":79},[61,59921,83],{"class":75},[61,59923,3674],{"class":3609},[61,59925,83],{"class":75},[61,59927,76],{"class":75},[61,59929,80],{"class":79},[61,59931,83],{"class":75},[61,59933,86],{"class":79},[61,59935,83],{"class":75},[61,59937,91],{"class":79},[61,59939,53000],{"class":75},[14,59941,59942,59943,244],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[603,59944,59945],{},"nested list",[14,59947,59948],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[47,59950,4280],{"id":4279},[14,59952,59953],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[408,59955,59957],{"id":59956},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,59959,59960],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[52,59962,59964],{"className":54,"code":59963,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[18,59965,59966,59970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59967,59968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59969,4297],{"class":3420},[61,59971,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,59973,68],{"class":67},[61,59975,72],{"class":71},[61,59977,76],{"class":75},[61,59979,80],{"class":79},[61,59981,86],{"class":79},[61,59983,91],{"class":79},[61,59985,94],{"class":75},[14,59987,10559],{},[52,59989,59991],{"className":54,"code":59990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,59992,59993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59994,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009,60011],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59996,68],{"class":67},[61,59998,72],{"class":71},[61,60000,76],{"class":75},[61,60002,80],{"class":79},[61,60004,83],{"class":75},[61,60006,86],{"class":79},[61,60008,83],{"class":75},[61,60010,91],{"class":79},[61,60012,94],{"class":75},[408,60014,8175,60016,10844,60018],{"id":60015},"using-instead-of",[18,60017,1637],{},[18,60019,3545],{},[14,60021,60022],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[52,60024,60026],{"className":54,"code":60025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60027,60028,60049,60053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60029,60030,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60031,60032],{"class":67},"my_values ",[61,60034,72],{"class":71},[61,60036,1048],{"class":75},[61,60038,80],{"class":79},[61,60040,83],{"class":75},[61,60042,86],{"class":79},[61,60044,83],{"class":75},[61,60046,91],{"class":79},[61,60048,116],{"class":75},[61,60050,60051],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60052,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,60054,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063,60066],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,60056,130],{"class":129},[61,60058,109],{"class":75},[61,60060,147],{"class":105},[61,60062,109],{"class":75},[61,60064,60065],{"class":112},"my_values",[61,60067,154],{"class":75},[14,60069,60070],{},[603,60071,157],{},[52,60073,60075],{"className":54,"code":60074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,60076,60077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60078,60079,60081,60083,60085,60087,60089],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60080,183],{"class":71},[61,60082,187],{"class":186},[61,60084,191],{"class":190},[61,60086,195],{"class":194},[61,60088,198],{"class":190},[61,60090,201],{"class":71},[14,60092,60093],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[52,60095,60097],{"className":54,"code":60096,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60098,60099,60119],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60100,60101,60103,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113,60115,60117],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60102,60032],{"class":67},[61,60104,72],{"class":71},[61,60106,76],{"class":75},[61,60108,80],{"class":79},[61,60110,83],{"class":75},[61,60112,86],{"class":79},[61,60114,83],{"class":75},[61,60116,91],{"class":79},[61,60118,94],{"class":75},[61,60120,60121,60123,60125,60127,60129,60131],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60122,130],{"class":129},[61,60124,109],{"class":75},[61,60126,147],{"class":105},[61,60128,109],{"class":75},[61,60130,60065],{"class":112},[61,60132,154],{"class":75},[408,60134,8211,60136,60139],{"id":60135},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[18,60137,60138],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60141,60142,60144],{},[18,60143,24538],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[52,60146,60148],{"className":54,"code":60147,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,60149,60150,60169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60151,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162,60165,60167],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60153,100],{"class":67},[61,60155,72],{"class":71},[61,60157,22317],{"class":105},[61,60159,109],{"class":75},[61,60161,816],{"class":190},[61,60163,60164],{"class":194},"hello world",[61,60166,816],{"class":190},[61,60168,116],{"class":75},[61,60170,60171,60173,60175,60177],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60172,130],{"class":129},[61,60174,109],{"class":75},[61,60176,135],{"class":112},[61,60178,116],{"class":75},[14,60180,60181],{},[603,60182,157],{},[52,60184,60186],{"className":54,"code":60185,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,60187,60188],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60189,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198,60200,60202,60204,60206,60208,60210,60212,60214,60216,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255,60257,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60191,3658],{"class":75},[61,60193,198],{"class":190},[61,60195,1344],{"class":194},[61,60197,198],{"class":190},[61,60199,83],{"class":75},[61,60201,191],{"class":190},[61,60203,1353],{"class":194},[61,60205,198],{"class":190},[61,60207,83],{"class":75},[61,60209,191],{"class":190},[61,60211,1362],{"class":194},[61,60213,198],{"class":190},[61,60215,83],{"class":75},[61,60217,191],{"class":190},[61,60219,1362],{"class":194},[61,60221,198],{"class":190},[61,60223,83],{"class":75},[61,60225,191],{"class":190},[61,60227,1379],{"class":194},[61,60229,198],{"class":190},[61,60231,83],{"class":75},[61,60233,191],{"class":190},[61,60235,191],{"class":190},[61,60237,83],{"class":75},[61,60239,191],{"class":190},[61,60241,60242],{"class":194},"w",[61,60244,198],{"class":190},[61,60246,83],{"class":75},[61,60248,191],{"class":190},[61,60250,1379],{"class":194},[61,60252,198],{"class":190},[61,60254,83],{"class":75},[61,60256,191],{"class":190},[61,60258,60259],{"class":194},"r",[61,60261,198],{"class":190},[61,60263,83],{"class":75},[61,60265,191],{"class":190},[61,60267,1362],{"class":194},[61,60269,198],{"class":190},[61,60271,83],{"class":75},[61,60273,191],{"class":190},[61,60275,18523],{"class":194},[61,60277,198],{"class":190},[61,60279,94],{"class":75},[14,60281,60282,60283,60286],{},"If you want words, use ",[18,60284,60285],{},"split()"," instead:",[52,60288,60290],{"className":54,"code":60289,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[18,60291,60292,60310],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60293,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60295,3829],{"class":67},[61,60297,72],{"class":71},[61,60299,522],{"class":190},[61,60301,60164],{"class":194},[61,60303,816],{"class":190},[61,60305,244],{"class":75},[61,60307,34225],{"class":112},[61,60309,263],{"class":75},[61,60311,60312,60314,60316,60318],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60313,130],{"class":129},[61,60315,109],{"class":75},[61,60317,3873],{"class":112},[61,60319,116],{"class":75},[14,60321,60322],{},[603,60323,157],{},[52,60325,60327],{"className":54,"code":60326,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['hello', 'world']\n",[18,60328,60329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60330,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341,60343,60346,60348],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60332,3658],{"class":75},[61,60334,198],{"class":190},[61,60336,1323],{"class":194},[61,60338,198],{"class":190},[61,60340,83],{"class":75},[61,60342,191],{"class":190},[61,60344,60345],{"class":194},"world",[61,60347,198],{"class":190},[61,60349,94],{"class":75},[408,60351,60353],{"id":60352},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60355,60356],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[52,60358,60360],{"className":54,"code":60359,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60361,60362,60366],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60363,60364],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60365,4297],{"class":3420},[61,60367,60368,60370,60372,60374,60376,60378,60380,60382,60384,60387,60389,60391,60393],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60369,4757],{"class":67},[61,60371,72],{"class":71},[61,60373,76],{"class":75},[61,60375,816],{"class":190},[61,60377,829],{"class":194},[61,60379,816],{"class":190},[61,60381,83],{"class":75},[61,60383,522],{"class":190},[61,60385,60386],{"class":194},"Ben', ",[61,60388,816],{"class":190},[61,60390,35706],{"class":67},[61,60392,816],{"class":190},[61,60394,94],{"class":194},[14,60396,60397],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[52,60399,60401],{"className":54,"code":60400,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60402,60403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60404,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415,60417,60419,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60406,4757],{"class":67},[61,60408,72],{"class":71},[61,60410,76],{"class":75},[61,60412,816],{"class":190},[61,60414,829],{"class":194},[61,60416,816],{"class":190},[61,60418,83],{"class":75},[61,60420,522],{"class":190},[61,60422,35697],{"class":194},[61,60424,816],{"class":190},[61,60426,83],{"class":75},[61,60428,522],{"class":190},[61,60430,35706],{"class":194},[61,60432,816],{"class":190},[61,60434,94],{"class":75},[408,60436,60438],{"id":60437},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60440,60441],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[26,60443,60444,60447,60450,60455],{},[29,60445,60446],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[29,60448,60449],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[29,60451,60452,60453],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[18,60454,24538],{},[29,60456,8211,60457,60460],{},[18,60458,60459],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[408,60462,60464],{"id":60463},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[52,60466,60468],{"className":54,"code":60467,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[18,60469,60470,60480,60494,60508],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60471,60472,60474,60476,60478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60473,130],{"class":129},[61,60475,109],{"class":75},[61,60477,8096],{"class":112},[61,60479,116],{"class":75},[61,60481,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60483,130],{"class":129},[61,60485,109],{"class":75},[61,60487,147],{"class":105},[61,60489,109],{"class":75},[61,60491,8096],{"class":112},[61,60493,154],{"class":75},[61,60495,60496,60498,60500,60502,60504,60506],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,60497,130],{"class":129},[61,60499,109],{"class":75},[61,60501,10914],{"class":129},[61,60503,109],{"class":75},[61,60505,8096],{"class":112},[61,60507,154],{"class":75},[61,60509,60510,60512,60514,60516,60518,60520,60522,60524],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,60511,130],{"class":129},[61,60513,109],{"class":75},[61,60515,7852],{"class":105},[61,60517,109],{"class":75},[61,60519,640],{"class":129},[61,60521,109],{"class":75},[61,60523,645],{"class":79},[61,60525,2672],{"class":75},[14,60527,25765],{},[26,60529,60530,60533,60536,60539],{},[29,60531,60532],{},"what the list contains",[29,60534,60535],{},"whether the value is really a list",[29,60537,60538],{},"how many items it has",[29,60540,25776,60541,60543,60544],{},[18,60542,24538],{}," does with ",[18,60545,618],{},[47,60547,60549],{"id":60548},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60551,60552],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60554,60555],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[26,60557,60558,60573,60578],{},[29,60559,204,60560,1951,60564,16829,60568,60572],{},[235,60561,60562],{"href":56527},[18,60563,52410],{},[235,60565,60566],{"href":53102},[18,60567,53204],{},[235,60569,60570],{"href":53666},[18,60571,54026],{}," to add items later",[29,60574,204,60575,60577],{},[235,60576,59155],{"href":50737}," for a broader introduction",[29,60579,204,60580,60584],{},[235,60581,60582,59816],{"href":499},[18,60583,24538],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[47,60586,1620],{"id":1619},[408,60588,60590],{"id":60589},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60592,60593],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[52,60595,60596],{"className":54,"code":38053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,60597,60598],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60599,60600],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60601,38053],{"class":75},[408,60603,60605],{"id":60604},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60607,60608],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[52,60610,60611],{"className":54,"code":54908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,60612,60613],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60614,60615,60617,60619,60621,60623,60625,60627],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60616,3658],{"class":75},[61,60618,80],{"class":79},[61,60620,83],{"class":75},[61,60622,86],{"class":79},[61,60624,83],{"class":75},[61,60626,91],{"class":79},[61,60628,94],{"class":75},[408,60630,4905,60632,60634],{"id":60631},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[18,60633,24538],{}," do in Python?",[14,60636,60637,60638,60640],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,60639,618],{},", into a list.",[408,60642,60644],{"id":60643},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60646,60647],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[408,60649,4943,60651,4154,60653,2251],{"id":60650},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[18,60652,3545],{},[18,60654,1637],{},[14,60656,60657,60659,60660,60662],{},[18,60658,3545],{}," creates a list. ",[18,60661,1637],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[47,60664,1664],{"id":1663},[26,60666,60667,60671,60677,60683,60689,60695,60699],{},[29,60668,60669],{},[235,60670,59155],{"href":50737},[29,60672,60673],{},[235,60674,55278,60675,11075],{"href":56527},[18,60676,52410],{},[29,60678,60679],{},[235,60680,55278,60681,11075],{"href":53102},[18,60682,53204],{},[29,60684,60685],{},[235,60686,55278,60687,11075],{"href":53666},[18,60688,54026],{},[29,60690,60691],{},[235,60692,3332,60693,3336],{"href":499},[18,60694,24538],{},[29,60696,60697],{},[235,60698,59158],{"href":58253},[29,60700,60701],{},[235,60702,60703],{"href":11819},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,60705,60706,60707,60709],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[18,60708,52410],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1693,60711,60712],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":60714},[60715,60716,60717,60718,60721,60722,60728,60729,60739,60740,60749],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":14917,"depth":97,"text":14918},{"id":59050,"depth":97,"text":59051},{"id":59161,"depth":97,"text":59162,"children":60719},[60720],{"id":59363,"depth":119,"text":59364},{"id":59379,"depth":97,"text":59380},{"id":59576,"depth":97,"text":60723,"children":60724},"Create a list with list()",[60725,60726,60727],{"id":59601,"depth":119,"text":59602},{"id":59674,"depth":119,"text":59675},{"id":59739,"depth":119,"text":59740},{"id":59819,"depth":97,"text":59820},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":60730},[60731,60732,60734,60736,60737,60738],{"id":59956,"depth":119,"text":59957},{"id":60015,"depth":119,"text":60733},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60135,"depth":119,"text":60735},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60352,"depth":119,"text":60353},{"id":60437,"depth":119,"text":60438},{"id":60463,"depth":119,"text":60464},{"id":60548,"depth":97,"text":60549},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":60741},[60742,60743,60744,60746,60747],{"id":60589,"depth":119,"text":60590},{"id":60604,"depth":119,"text":60605},{"id":60631,"depth":119,"text":60745},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60643,"depth":119,"text":60644},{"id":60650,"depth":119,"text":60748},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58792,"description":60750},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60757,"title":60758,"body":60759,"description":62499,"extension":1727,"meta":62500,"navigation":122,"path":62501,"seo":62502,"stem":62503,"__hash__":62504},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60760,"toc":62454},[60761,60766,60771,60774,60776,60847,60852,60857,60861,60875,60880,60882,60902,60907,60910,60933,60937,60942,61034,61036,61058,61064,61070,61077,61084,61090,61147,61153,61211,61213,61225,61233,61239,61244,61248,61305,61308,61312,61371,61374,61378,61436,61448,61452,61505,61508,61512,61518,61524,61586,61589,61650,61653,61709,61714,61716,61720,61727,61788,61793,61802,61858,61865,61869,61927,61936,61994,61998,62033,62037,62046,62049,62104,62118,62121,62236,62241,62245,62256,62258,62337,62347,62349,62354,62359,62366,62374,62380,62383,62389,62392,62398,62404,62406,62442,62451],[10,60762,54100,60764,11075],{"id":60763},"python-list-extend-method",[18,60765,53204],{},[14,60767,60768,60770],{},[18,60769,53105],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,60772,60773],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[47,60775,50],{"id":49},[52,60777,60779],{"className":54,"code":60778,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60780,60781,60797,60814,60818,60833,60843],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60782,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60784,68],{"class":67},[61,60786,72],{"class":71},[61,60788,76],{"class":75},[61,60790,80],{"class":79},[61,60792,83],{"class":75},[61,60794,86],{"class":79},[61,60796,94],{"class":75},[61,60798,60799,60802,60804,60806,60808,60810,60812],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60800,60801],{"class":67},"more_numbers ",[61,60803,72],{"class":71},[61,60805,76],{"class":75},[61,60807,1827],{"class":79},[61,60809,83],{"class":75},[61,60811,693],{"class":79},[61,60813,94],{"class":75},[61,60815,60816],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,60817,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,60819,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828,60831],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,60821,113],{"class":67},[61,60823,244],{"class":75},[61,60825,53234],{"class":112},[61,60827,109],{"class":75},[61,60829,60830],{"class":112},"more_numbers",[61,60832,116],{"class":75},[61,60834,60835,60837,60839,60841],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,60836,130],{"class":129},[61,60838,109],{"class":75},[61,60840,113],{"class":112},[61,60842,116],{"class":75},[61,60844,60845],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,60846,52481],{"class":3420},[14,60848,204,60849,60851],{},[18,60850,53204],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[47,60853,3435,60855,3438],{"id":60854},"what-listextend-does",[18,60856,53105],{},[14,60858,60859,824],{},[18,60860,53204],{},[26,60862,60863,60866,60868,60871],{},[29,60864,60865],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[29,60867,54186],{},[29,60869,60870],{},"Does not create a new list",[29,60872,11177,60873],{},[18,60874,3536],{},[14,60876,60877,60878,53559],{},"This is an important point: ",[18,60879,53204],{},[47,60881,248],{"id":247},[52,60883,60885],{"className":54,"code":60884,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[18,60886,60887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60888,60889,60892,60894,60896,60898,60900],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60890,60891],{"class":67},"list_name",[61,60893,244],{"class":75},[61,60895,53234],{"class":112},[61,60897,109],{"class":75},[61,60899,272],{"class":112},[61,60901,116],{"class":75},[14,60903,5213,60904,60906],{},[603,60905,272],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,60908,60909],{},"Common iterables include:",[26,60911,60912,60916,60920,60924,60929],{},[29,60913,60914],{},[18,60915,7852],{},[29,60917,60918],{},[18,60919,195],{},[29,60921,60922],{},[18,60923,6046],{},[29,60925,60926],{},[18,60927,60928],{},"string",[29,60930,60931],{},[18,60932,640],{},[47,60934,60936],{"id":60935},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,60938,60939,60940,824],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[18,60941,53204],{},[52,60943,60945],{"className":54,"code":60944,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,60946,60947,60971,60996,61000,61015,61019,61029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60948,60949,60951,60953,60955,60957,60959,60961,60963,60965,60967,60969],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60950,35995],{"class":67},[61,60952,72],{"class":71},[61,60954,76],{"class":75},[61,60956,816],{"class":190},[61,60958,3838],{"class":194},[61,60960,816],{"class":190},[61,60962,83],{"class":75},[61,60964,522],{"class":190},[61,60966,3847],{"class":194},[61,60968,816],{"class":190},[61,60970,94],{"class":75},[61,60972,60973,60976,60978,60980,60982,60984,60986,60988,60990,60992,60994],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,60974,60975],{"class":67},"more_fruits ",[61,60977,72],{"class":71},[61,60979,76],{"class":75},[61,60981,816],{"class":190},[61,60983,32976],{"class":194},[61,60985,816],{"class":190},[61,60987,83],{"class":75},[61,60989,522],{"class":190},[61,60991,22290],{"class":194},[61,60993,816],{"class":190},[61,60995,94],{"class":75},[61,60997,60998],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,60999,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61001,61002,61004,61006,61008,61010,61013],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61003,36047],{"class":67},[61,61005,244],{"class":75},[61,61007,53234],{"class":112},[61,61009,109],{"class":75},[61,61011,61012],{"class":112},"more_fruits",[61,61014,116],{"class":75},[61,61016,61017],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61018,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61020,61021,61023,61025,61027],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,61022,130],{"class":129},[61,61024,109],{"class":75},[61,61026,36047],{"class":112},[61,61028,116],{"class":75},[61,61030,61031],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,61032,61033],{"class":3420},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61035,11437],{},[26,61037,61038,61043,61048],{},[29,61039,61040,61042],{},[18,61041,36047],{}," starts with two items",[29,61044,61045,61047],{},[18,61046,61012],{}," has two more items",[29,61049,61050,61052,61053,61055,61056],{},[18,61051,53204],{}," adds each item from ",[18,61054,61012],{}," to ",[18,61057,36047],{},[14,61059,61060,61061,61063],{},"After the method runs, ",[18,61062,36047],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61065,54325,61066,4154,61068,244],{},[235,61067,52529],{"href":50737},[235,61069,56913],{"href":56912},[47,61071,61073,10337,61075],{"id":61072},"extend-vs-append",[18,61074,53204],{},[18,61076,52410],{},[14,61078,61079,4154,61081,61083],{},[18,61080,53204],{},[18,61082,52410],{}," are often confused.",[408,61085,61087,61089],{"id":61086},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[18,61088,53204],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[52,61091,61093],{"className":54,"code":61092,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61094,61095,61111,61129,61133,61143],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61096,61097,61099,61101,61103,61105,61107,61109],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61098,68],{"class":67},[61,61100,72],{"class":71},[61,61102,76],{"class":75},[61,61104,80],{"class":79},[61,61106,83],{"class":75},[61,61108,86],{"class":79},[61,61110,94],{"class":75},[61,61112,61113,61115,61117,61119,61121,61123,61125,61127],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61114,113],{"class":67},[61,61116,244],{"class":75},[61,61118,53234],{"class":112},[61,61120,1126],{"class":75},[61,61122,1827],{"class":79},[61,61124,83],{"class":75},[61,61126,693],{"class":79},[61,61128,1137],{"class":75},[61,61130,61131],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61132,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61134,61135,61137,61139,61141],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61136,130],{"class":129},[61,61138,109],{"class":75},[61,61140,113],{"class":112},[61,61142,116],{"class":75},[61,61144,61145],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61146,52481],{"class":3420},[408,61148,61150,61152],{"id":61149},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[18,61151,52410],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[52,61154,61156],{"className":54,"code":61155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,61157,61158,61174,61192,61196,61206],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61159,61160,61162,61164,61166,61168,61170,61172],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61161,68],{"class":67},[61,61163,72],{"class":71},[61,61165,76],{"class":75},[61,61167,80],{"class":79},[61,61169,83],{"class":75},[61,61171,86],{"class":79},[61,61173,94],{"class":75},[61,61175,61176,61178,61180,61182,61184,61186,61188,61190],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61177,113],{"class":67},[61,61179,244],{"class":75},[61,61181,13308],{"class":112},[61,61183,1126],{"class":75},[61,61185,1827],{"class":79},[61,61187,83],{"class":75},[61,61189,693],{"class":79},[61,61191,1137],{"class":75},[61,61193,61194],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61195,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61197,61198,61200,61202,61204],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61199,130],{"class":129},[61,61201,109],{"class":75},[61,61203,113],{"class":112},[61,61205,116],{"class":75},[61,61207,61208],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61209,61210],{"class":3420},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61212,1063],{},[26,61214,61215,61220],{},[29,61216,61217,61219],{},[18,61218,53204],{}," to combine values",[29,61221,61222,61224],{},[18,61223,52410],{}," to add one item",[14,61226,41850,61227,4154,61231,244],{},[235,61228,55278,61229,10492],{"href":56527},[18,61230,52410],{},[235,61232,52807],{"href":52806},[47,61234,8175,61236,61238],{"id":61235},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[18,61237,53204],{}," with different iterables",[14,61240,61241,61243],{},[18,61242,53204],{}," works with more than just lists.",[408,61245,61247],{"id":61246},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[52,61249,61251],{"className":54,"code":61250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61252,61253,61269,61287,61291,61301],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61254,61255,61257,61259,61261,61263,61265,61267],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61256,712],{"class":67},[61,61258,72],{"class":71},[61,61260,76],{"class":75},[61,61262,80],{"class":79},[61,61264,83],{"class":75},[61,61266,86],{"class":79},[61,61268,94],{"class":75},[61,61270,61271,61273,61275,61277,61279,61281,61283,61285],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61272,743],{"class":67},[61,61274,244],{"class":75},[61,61276,53234],{"class":112},[61,61278,1028],{"class":75},[61,61280,1827],{"class":79},[61,61282,83],{"class":75},[61,61284,693],{"class":79},[61,61286,154],{"class":75},[61,61288,61289],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61290,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61292,61293,61295,61297,61299],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61294,130],{"class":129},[61,61296,109],{"class":75},[61,61298,743],{"class":112},[61,61300,116],{"class":75},[61,61302,61303],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61304,52481],{"class":3420},[14,61306,61307],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[408,61309,61311],{"id":61310},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[52,61313,61315],{"className":54,"code":61314,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,61316,61317,61333,61352,61356,61366],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61318,61319,61321,61323,61325,61327,61329,61331],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61320,35847],{"class":67},[61,61322,72],{"class":71},[61,61324,76],{"class":75},[61,61326,816],{"class":190},[61,61328,235],{"class":194},[61,61330,816],{"class":190},[61,61332,94],{"class":75},[61,61334,61335,61337,61339,61341,61343,61345,61348,61350],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61336,35900],{"class":67},[61,61338,244],{"class":75},[61,61340,53234],{"class":112},[61,61342,109],{"class":75},[61,61344,816],{"class":190},[61,61346,61347],{"class":194},"bc",[61,61349,816],{"class":190},[61,61351,116],{"class":75},[61,61353,61354],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61355,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61357,61358,61360,61362,61364],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61359,130],{"class":129},[61,61361,109],{"class":75},[61,61363,35900],{"class":112},[61,61365,116],{"class":75},[61,61367,61368],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61369,61370],{"class":3420},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61372,61373],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[408,61375,61377],{"id":61376},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[52,61379,61381],{"className":54,"code":61380,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,61382,61383,61395,61417,61421,61431],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61384,61385,61387,61389,61391,61393],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61386,68],{"class":67},[61,61388,72],{"class":71},[61,61390,76],{"class":75},[61,61392,675],{"class":79},[61,61394,94],{"class":75},[61,61396,61397,61399,61401,61403,61405,61407,61409,61411,61413,61415],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61398,113],{"class":67},[61,61400,244],{"class":75},[61,61402,53234],{"class":112},[61,61404,109],{"class":75},[61,61406,640],{"class":129},[61,61408,109],{"class":75},[61,61410,80],{"class":79},[61,61412,83],{"class":75},[61,61414,693],{"class":79},[61,61416,154],{"class":75},[61,61418,61419],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61420,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61422,61423,61425,61427,61429],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61424,130],{"class":129},[61,61426,109],{"class":75},[61,61428,113],{"class":112},[61,61430,116],{"class":75},[61,61432,61433],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61434,61435],{"class":3420},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61437,61438,61441,61442,1951,61444,16829,61446,244],{},[18,61439,61440],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[18,61443,80],{},[18,61445,1821],{},[18,61447,1827],{},[408,61449,61451],{"id":61450},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[52,61453,61455],{"className":54,"code":61454,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,61456,61457,61473,61491,61495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61458,61459,61461,61463,61465,61467,61469,61471],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61460,7539],{"class":67},[61,61462,72],{"class":71},[61,61464,76],{"class":75},[61,61466,80],{"class":79},[61,61468,83],{"class":75},[61,61470,86],{"class":79},[61,61472,94],{"class":75},[61,61474,61475,61477,61479,61481,61483,61485,61487,61489],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61476,993],{"class":67},[61,61478,244],{"class":75},[61,61480,53234],{"class":112},[61,61482,5288],{"class":75},[61,61484,1827],{"class":79},[61,61486,83],{"class":75},[61,61488,693],{"class":79},[61,61490,30251],{"class":75},[61,61492,61493],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61494,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61496,61497,61499,61501,61503],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61498,130],{"class":129},[61,61500,109],{"class":75},[61,61502,993],{"class":112},[61,61504,116],{"class":75},[14,61506,61507],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[47,61509,61511],{"id":61510},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61513,61514,2158,61516,244],{},[18,61515,53204],{},[18,61517,3536],{},[14,61519,61520,61521,824],{},"That means this is ",[603,61522,61523],{},"wrong",[52,61525,61527],{"className":54,"code":61526,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,61528,61529,61545,61567,61571,61581],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61530,61531,61533,61535,61537,61539,61541,61543],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61532,68],{"class":67},[61,61534,72],{"class":71},[61,61536,76],{"class":75},[61,61538,80],{"class":79},[61,61540,83],{"class":75},[61,61542,86],{"class":79},[61,61544,94],{"class":75},[61,61546,61547,61549,61551,61553,61555,61557,61559,61561,61563,61565],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61548,100],{"class":67},[61,61550,72],{"class":71},[61,61552,4023],{"class":67},[61,61554,244],{"class":75},[61,61556,53234],{"class":112},[61,61558,1126],{"class":75},[61,61560,1827],{"class":79},[61,61562,83],{"class":75},[61,61564,693],{"class":79},[61,61566,1137],{"class":75},[61,61568,61569],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61570,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61572,61573,61575,61577,61579],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61574,130],{"class":129},[61,61576,109],{"class":75},[61,61578,135],{"class":112},[61,61580,116],{"class":75},[61,61582,61583],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61584,61585],{"class":3420},"# None\n",[14,61587,61588],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[52,61590,61592],{"className":54,"code":61591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61593,61594,61610,61632,61636,61646],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61595,61596,61598,61600,61602,61604,61606,61608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61597,68],{"class":67},[61,61599,72],{"class":71},[61,61601,76],{"class":75},[61,61603,80],{"class":79},[61,61605,83],{"class":75},[61,61607,86],{"class":79},[61,61609,94],{"class":75},[61,61611,61612,61614,61616,61618,61620,61622,61624,61626,61628,61630],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61613,68],{"class":67},[61,61615,72],{"class":71},[61,61617,4023],{"class":67},[61,61619,244],{"class":75},[61,61621,53234],{"class":112},[61,61623,1126],{"class":75},[61,61625,1827],{"class":79},[61,61627,83],{"class":75},[61,61629,693],{"class":79},[61,61631,1137],{"class":75},[61,61633,61634],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61635,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61637,61638,61640,61642,61644],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61639,130],{"class":129},[61,61641,109],{"class":75},[61,61643,113],{"class":112},[61,61645,116],{"class":75},[61,61647,61648],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61649,61585],{"class":3420},[14,61651,61652],{},"The correct way is:",[52,61654,61655],{"className":54,"code":61092,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,61656,61657,61673,61691,61695,61705],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61658,61659,61661,61663,61665,61667,61669,61671],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61660,68],{"class":67},[61,61662,72],{"class":71},[61,61664,76],{"class":75},[61,61666,80],{"class":79},[61,61668,83],{"class":75},[61,61670,86],{"class":79},[61,61672,94],{"class":75},[61,61674,61675,61677,61679,61681,61683,61685,61687,61689],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61676,113],{"class":67},[61,61678,244],{"class":75},[61,61680,53234],{"class":112},[61,61682,1126],{"class":75},[61,61684,1827],{"class":79},[61,61686,83],{"class":75},[61,61688,693],{"class":79},[61,61690,1137],{"class":75},[61,61692,61693],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61694,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61696,61697,61699,61701,61703],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61698,130],{"class":129},[61,61700,109],{"class":75},[61,61702,113],{"class":112},[61,61704,116],{"class":75},[61,61706,61707],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61708,52481],{"class":3420},[14,61710,55667,61711,61713],{},[18,61712,53204],{}," first, then use the original list.",[47,61715,4280],{"id":4279},[14,61717,14488,61718,244],{},[18,61719,53204],{},[408,61721,61723,61724,61726],{"id":61722},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[18,61725,53204],{}," to return a new list",[52,61728,61730],{"className":54,"code":61729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61731,61732,61748,61770,61774,61784],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61733,61734,61736,61738,61740,61742,61744,61746],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61735,68],{"class":67},[61,61737,72],{"class":71},[61,61739,76],{"class":75},[61,61741,80],{"class":79},[61,61743,83],{"class":75},[61,61745,86],{"class":79},[61,61747,94],{"class":75},[61,61749,61750,61752,61754,61756,61758,61760,61762,61764,61766,61768],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61751,55400],{"class":67},[61,61753,72],{"class":71},[61,61755,4023],{"class":67},[61,61757,244],{"class":75},[61,61759,53234],{"class":112},[61,61761,1126],{"class":75},[61,61763,1827],{"class":79},[61,61765,83],{"class":75},[61,61767,693],{"class":79},[61,61769,1137],{"class":75},[61,61771,61772],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61773,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61775,61776,61778,61780,61782],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61777,130],{"class":129},[61,61779,109],{"class":75},[61,61781,55419],{"class":112},[61,61783,116],{"class":75},[61,61785,61786],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61787,61585],{"class":3420},[14,61789,61790,61791,244],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[18,61792,53204],{},[408,61794,61796,61797,44387,61799,61801],{"id":61795},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[18,61798,52410],{},[18,61800,53204],{}," is needed",[52,61803,61804],{"className":54,"code":61155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,61805,61806,61822,61840,61844,61854],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61807,61808,61810,61812,61814,61816,61818,61820],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61809,68],{"class":67},[61,61811,72],{"class":71},[61,61813,76],{"class":75},[61,61815,80],{"class":79},[61,61817,83],{"class":75},[61,61819,86],{"class":79},[61,61821,94],{"class":75},[61,61823,61824,61826,61828,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61825,113],{"class":67},[61,61827,244],{"class":75},[61,61829,13308],{"class":112},[61,61831,1126],{"class":75},[61,61833,1827],{"class":79},[61,61835,83],{"class":75},[61,61837,693],{"class":79},[61,61839,1137],{"class":75},[61,61841,61842],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61843,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61845,61846,61848,61850,61852],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61847,130],{"class":129},[61,61849,109],{"class":75},[61,61851,113],{"class":112},[61,61853,116],{"class":75},[61,61855,61856],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61857,61210],{"class":3420},[14,61859,61860,61861,53649,61863,6391],{},"If you wanted ",[18,61862,53648],{},[18,61864,53204],{},[408,61866,61868],{"id":61867},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[52,61870,61872],{"className":54,"code":61871,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,61873,61874,61890,61908,61912,61922],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61875,61876,61878,61880,61882,61884,61886,61888],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61877,3829],{"class":67},[61,61879,72],{"class":71},[61,61881,76],{"class":75},[61,61883,816],{"class":190},[61,61885,1323],{"class":194},[61,61887,816],{"class":190},[61,61889,94],{"class":75},[61,61891,61892,61894,61896,61898,61900,61902,61904,61906],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61893,3873],{"class":67},[61,61895,244],{"class":75},[61,61897,53234],{"class":112},[61,61899,109],{"class":75},[61,61901,816],{"class":190},[61,61903,60345],{"class":194},[61,61905,816],{"class":190},[61,61907,116],{"class":75},[61,61909,61910],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61911,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61913,61914,61916,61918,61920],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61915,130],{"class":129},[61,61917,109],{"class":75},[61,61919,3873],{"class":112},[61,61921,116],{"class":75},[61,61923,61924],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61925,61926],{"class":3420},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,61928,61929,61930,61933,61934,824],{},"If you want ",[18,61931,61932],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[18,61935,52410],{},[52,61937,61939],{"className":54,"code":61938,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[18,61940,61941,61957,61975,61979,61989],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61942,61943,61945,61947,61949,61951,61953,61955],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61944,3829],{"class":67},[61,61946,72],{"class":71},[61,61948,76],{"class":75},[61,61950,816],{"class":190},[61,61952,1323],{"class":194},[61,61954,816],{"class":190},[61,61956,94],{"class":75},[61,61958,61959,61961,61963,61965,61967,61969,61971,61973],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,61960,3873],{"class":67},[61,61962,244],{"class":75},[61,61964,13308],{"class":112},[61,61966,109],{"class":75},[61,61968,816],{"class":190},[61,61970,60345],{"class":194},[61,61972,816],{"class":190},[61,61974,116],{"class":75},[61,61976,61977],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,61978,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,61980,61981,61983,61985,61987],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,61982,130],{"class":129},[61,61984,109],{"class":75},[61,61986,3873],{"class":112},[61,61988,116],{"class":75},[61,61990,61991],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,61992,61993],{"class":3420},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[408,61995,61997],{"id":61996},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[52,61999,62001],{"className":54,"code":62000,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[18,62002,62003,62019],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62004,62005,62007,62009,62011,62013,62015,62017],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62006,68],{"class":67},[61,62008,72],{"class":71},[61,62010,76],{"class":75},[61,62012,80],{"class":79},[61,62014,83],{"class":75},[61,62016,86],{"class":79},[61,62018,94],{"class":75},[61,62020,62021,62023,62025,62027,62029,62031],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62022,113],{"class":67},[61,62024,244],{"class":75},[61,62026,53234],{"class":112},[61,62028,109],{"class":75},[61,62030,645],{"class":79},[61,62032,116],{"class":75},[14,62034,39410,62035,6311],{},[18,62036,645],{},[14,62038,62039,62040,62042,62043,62045],{},"You will get a ",[18,62041,1272],{},". See ",[235,62044,1300],{"href":1299}," for help fixing that error.",[14,62047,62048],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[52,62050,62052],{"className":54,"code":62051,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62053,62054,62064,62078,62090],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62055,62056,62058,62060,62062],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62057,130],{"class":129},[61,62059,109],{"class":75},[61,62061,8096],{"class":112},[61,62063,116],{"class":75},[61,62065,62066,62068,62070,62072,62074,62076],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62067,130],{"class":129},[61,62069,109],{"class":75},[61,62071,147],{"class":105},[61,62073,109],{"class":75},[61,62075,743],{"class":112},[61,62077,154],{"class":75},[61,62079,62080,62082,62084,62086,62088],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,62081,130],{"class":129},[61,62083,109],{"class":75},[61,62085,135],{"class":112},[61,62087,3417],{"class":75},[61,62089,116],{"class":67},[61,62091,62092,62094,62096,62098,62100,62102],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,62093,31908],{"class":129},[61,62095,109],{"class":75},[61,62097,7852],{"class":105},[61,62099,244],{"class":75},[61,62101,53234],{"class":24507},[61,62103,116],{"class":75},[43338,62105,62106],{},[14,62107,62108,62109,62112,62113,62115,62116,244],{},"Note: ",[18,62110,62111],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[18,62114,3417],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[18,62117,32782],{},[14,62119,62120],{},"Correct debugging example:",[52,62122,62124],{"className":54,"code":62123,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62125,62126,62142,62158,62162,62176,62180,62188,62198,62212,62222],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62127,62128,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138,62140],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62129,8065],{"class":67},[61,62131,72],{"class":71},[61,62133,76],{"class":75},[61,62135,80],{"class":79},[61,62137,83],{"class":75},[61,62139,86],{"class":79},[61,62141,94],{"class":75},[61,62143,62144,62146,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62145,712],{"class":67},[61,62147,72],{"class":71},[61,62149,76],{"class":75},[61,62151,1827],{"class":79},[61,62153,83],{"class":75},[61,62155,693],{"class":79},[61,62157,94],{"class":75},[61,62159,62160],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,62161,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,62163,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172,62174],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,62165,8096],{"class":67},[61,62167,244],{"class":75},[61,62169,53234],{"class":112},[61,62171,109],{"class":75},[61,62173,743],{"class":112},[61,62175,116],{"class":75},[61,62177,62178],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,62179,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,62181,62182,62184,62186],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,62183,100],{"class":67},[61,62185,72],{"class":71},[61,62187,48286],{"class":3609},[61,62189,62190,62192,62194,62196],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,62191,130],{"class":129},[61,62193,109],{"class":75},[61,62195,8096],{"class":112},[61,62197,116],{"class":75},[61,62199,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,62201,130],{"class":129},[61,62203,109],{"class":75},[61,62205,147],{"class":105},[61,62207,109],{"class":75},[61,62209,743],{"class":112},[61,62211,154],{"class":75},[61,62213,62214,62216,62218,62220],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,62215,130],{"class":129},[61,62217,109],{"class":75},[61,62219,135],{"class":112},[61,62221,116],{"class":75},[61,62223,62224,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234],{"class":63,"line":6196},[61,62225,31908],{"class":129},[61,62227,109],{"class":75},[61,62229,7852],{"class":105},[61,62231,244],{"class":75},[61,62233,53234],{"class":24507},[61,62235,116],{"class":75},[47,62237,4723,62239],{"id":62238},"when-to-use-extend",[18,62240,53204],{},[14,62242,204,62243,6076],{},[18,62244,53204],{},[26,62246,62247,62250,62253],{},[29,62248,62249],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[29,62251,62252],{},"Add multiple values at once",[29,62254,62255],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62257,1570],{},[52,62259,62261],{"className":54,"code":62260,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[18,62262,62263,62280,62298,62302,62318,62322,62332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62264,62265,62268,62270,62272,62274,62276,62278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62266,62267],{"class":67},"all_scores ",[61,62269,72],{"class":71},[61,62271,76],{"class":75},[61,62273,13257],{"class":79},[61,62275,83],{"class":75},[61,62277,13262],{"class":79},[61,62279,94],{"class":75},[61,62281,62282,62285,62287,62289,62291,62293,62296],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62283,62284],{"class":67},"new_scores ",[61,62286,72],{"class":71},[61,62288,76],{"class":75},[61,62290,51263],{"class":79},[61,62292,83],{"class":75},[61,62294,62295],{"class":79}," 92",[61,62297,94],{"class":75},[61,62299,62300],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,62301,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,62303,62304,62307,62309,62311,62313,62316],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,62305,62306],{"class":67},"all_scores",[61,62308,244],{"class":75},[61,62310,53234],{"class":112},[61,62312,109],{"class":75},[61,62314,62315],{"class":112},"new_scores",[61,62317,116],{"class":75},[61,62319,62320],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,62321,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,62323,62324,62326,62328,62330],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,62325,130],{"class":129},[61,62327,109],{"class":75},[61,62329,62306],{"class":112},[61,62331,116],{"class":75},[61,62333,62334],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,62335,62336],{"class":3420},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62338,62339,62340,62342,62343,244],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[18,62341,52410],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[235,62344,55278,62345,10492],{"href":53666},[18,62346,54026],{},[47,62348,1620],{"id":1619},[408,62350,12459,62352,55227],{"id":62351},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[18,62353,53105],{},[14,62355,62356,62357,244],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,62358,3536],{},[408,62360,4943,62362,4154,62364,2251],{"id":62361},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[18,62363,53204],{},[18,62365,52410],{},[14,62367,62368,62370,62371,62373],{},[18,62369,53204],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[18,62372,52410],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[408,62375,28085,62377,62379],{"id":62376},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[18,62378,53204],{}," with a string?",[14,62381,62382],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[408,62384,28085,62386,62388],{"id":62385},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[18,62387,53204],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62390,62391],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[408,62393,62395,62396,2251],{"id":62394},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[18,62397,53204],{},[14,62399,62400,62401,62403],{},"You get a ",[18,62402,1272],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[47,62405,1664],{"id":1663},[26,62407,62408,62414,62418,62422,62426,62432,62436],{},[29,62409,62410],{},[235,62411,55278,62412,10492],{"href":56527},[18,62413,52410],{},[29,62415,62416],{},[235,62417,54036],{"href":52806},[29,62419,62420],{},[235,62421,56987],{"href":56912},[29,62423,62424],{},[235,62425,52529],{"href":50737},[29,62427,62428],{},[235,62429,55278,62430,10492],{"href":53666},[18,62431,54026],{},[29,62433,62434],{},[235,62435,1300],{"href":1299},[29,62437,62438],{},[235,62439,55278,62440,10492],{"href":54718},[18,62441,12532],{},[14,62443,62444,62445,62447,62448,62450],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[18,62446,52410],{},", when to use ",[18,62449,54026],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1693,62452,62453],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":62455},[62456,62457,62459,62460,62461,62468,62475,62476,62484,62486,62498],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":60854,"depth":97,"text":62458},"What list.extend() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":60935,"depth":97,"text":60936},{"id":61072,"depth":97,"text":62462,"children":62463},"extend() vs append()",[62464,62466],{"id":61086,"depth":119,"text":62465},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61149,"depth":119,"text":62467},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61235,"depth":97,"text":62469,"children":62470},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62471,62472,62473,62474],{"id":61246,"depth":119,"text":61247},{"id":61310,"depth":119,"text":61311},{"id":61376,"depth":119,"text":61377},{"id":61450,"depth":119,"text":61451},{"id":61510,"depth":97,"text":61511},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":62477},[62478,62480,62482,62483],{"id":61722,"depth":119,"text":62479},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61795,"depth":119,"text":62481},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61867,"depth":119,"text":61868},{"id":61996,"depth":119,"text":61997},{"id":62238,"depth":97,"text":62485},"When to use extend()",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":62487},[62488,62490,62492,62494,62496],{"id":62351,"depth":119,"text":62489},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62361,"depth":119,"text":62491},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62376,"depth":119,"text":62493},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62385,"depth":119,"text":62495},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62394,"depth":119,"text":62497},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60758,"description":62499},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62506,"title":62507,"body":62508,"description":64591,"extension":1727,"meta":64592,"navigation":122,"path":64593,"seo":64594,"stem":64595,"__hash__":64596},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62509,"toc":64554},[62510,62513,62518,62524,62535,62541,62543,62612,62614,62663,62671,62675,62679,62682,62693,62698,62700,62702,62723,62736,62739,62751,62753,62758,62783,62785,62793,62796,62865,62867,62891,62897,62901,62905,62941,62943,62963,62970,62974,63007,63009,63042,63047,63051,63084,63086,63114,63122,63126,63163,63165,63186,63189,63193,63262,63264,63288,63293,63298,63302,63305,63307,63321,63324,63348,63350,63375,63378,63397,63399,63423,63432,63436,63443,63520,63522,63563,63569,63575,63666,63668,63724,63727,63732,63736,63741,63745,63804,63806,63831,63835,63898,63900,63925,63929,63992,63994,64037,64040,64044,64048,64070,64074,64156,64158,64193,64201,64203,64207,64211,64213,64240,64245,64247,64274,64281,64284,64307,64309,64358,64361,64364,64383,64387,64390,64441,64444,64450,64454,64459,64462,64464,64470,64479,64483,64489,64493,64496,64500,64503,64507,64513,64515,64551],[10,62511,62507],{"id":62512},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62514,16,62515,62517],{},[18,62516,24538],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62519,62520,62521,62523],{},"Beginners usually use ",[18,62522,24538],{}," for two main reasons:",[26,62525,62526,62529],{},[29,62527,62528],{},"to make an empty list",[29,62530,62531,62532,62534],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62533,640],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62536,62537,62538,62540],{},"This page explains how ",[18,62539,24538],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[47,62542,50],{"id":49},[52,62544,62546],{"className":54,"code":62545,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,62547,62548,62570,62588,62592,62602],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62549,62550,62552,62554,62556,62558,62560,62562,62564,62566,62568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62551,68],{"class":67},[61,62553,72],{"class":71},[61,62555,22317],{"class":105},[61,62557,1028],{"class":75},[61,62559,80],{"class":79},[61,62561,83],{"class":75},[61,62563,86],{"class":79},[61,62565,83],{"class":75},[61,62567,91],{"class":79},[61,62569,154],{"class":75},[61,62571,62572,62574,62576,62578,62580,62582,62584,62586],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62573,35847],{"class":67},[61,62575,72],{"class":71},[61,62577,22317],{"class":105},[61,62579,109],{"class":75},[61,62581,816],{"class":190},[61,62583,41317],{"class":194},[61,62585,816],{"class":190},[61,62587,116],{"class":75},[61,62589,62590],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,62591,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,62593,62594,62596,62598,62600],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,62595,130],{"class":129},[61,62597,109],{"class":75},[61,62599,113],{"class":112},[61,62601,116],{"class":75},[61,62603,62604,62606,62608,62610],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,62605,130],{"class":129},[61,62607,109],{"class":75},[61,62609,35900],{"class":112},[61,62611,116],{"class":75},[14,62613,157],{},[52,62615,62617],{"className":54,"code":62616,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,62618,62619,62635],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62620,62621,62623,62625,62627,62629,62631,62633],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62622,3658],{"class":75},[61,62624,80],{"class":79},[61,62626,83],{"class":75},[61,62628,86],{"class":79},[61,62630,83],{"class":75},[61,62632,91],{"class":79},[61,62634,94],{"class":75},[61,62636,62637,62639,62641,62643,62645,62647,62649,62651,62653,62655,62657,62659,62661],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62638,3658],{"class":75},[61,62640,198],{"class":190},[61,62642,235],{"class":194},[61,62644,198],{"class":190},[61,62646,83],{"class":75},[61,62648,191],{"class":190},[61,62650,1480],{"class":194},[61,62652,198],{"class":190},[61,62654,83],{"class":75},[61,62656,191],{"class":190},[61,62658,573],{"class":194},[61,62660,198],{"class":190},[61,62662,94],{"class":75},[14,62664,204,62665,62667,62668,62670],{},[18,62666,24538],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62669,640],{},", set, or dictionary.",[47,62672,62674],{"id":62673},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62676,62677,216],{},[18,62678,24538],{},[14,62680,62681],{},"It can:",[26,62683,62684,62687,62690],{},[29,62685,62686],{},"create a new list object",[29,62688,62689],{},"make an empty list",[29,62691,62692],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62694,62695,62696,244],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[235,62697,52529],{"href":50737},[47,62699,248],{"id":247},[14,62701,251],{},[52,62703,62705],{"className":54,"code":62704,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[18,62706,62707,62713],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62708,62709,62711],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62710,7852],{"class":105},[61,62712,263],{"class":75},[61,62714,62715,62717,62719,62721],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62716,7852],{"class":105},[61,62718,109],{"class":75},[61,62720,272],{"class":112},[61,62722,116],{"class":75},[26,62724,62725,62730],{},[29,62726,62727,62729],{},[18,62728,24538],{}," makes an empty list",[29,62731,62732,62735],{},[18,62733,62734],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,62737,62738],{},"Common iterable values include:",[26,62740,62741,62743,62745,62747,62749],{},[29,62742,293],{},[29,62744,5066],{},[29,62746,299],{},[29,62748,296],{},[29,62750,302],{},[47,62752,59380],{"id":59379},[14,62754,204,62755,62757],{},[18,62756,24538],{}," with no arguments:",[52,62759,62761],{"className":54,"code":62760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[18,62762,62763,62773],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62764,62765,62767,62769,62771],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62766,7539],{"class":67},[61,62768,72],{"class":71},[61,62770,22317],{"class":105},[61,62772,263],{"class":75},[61,62774,62775,62777,62779,62781],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62776,130],{"class":129},[61,62778,109],{"class":75},[61,62780,993],{"class":112},[61,62782,116],{"class":75},[14,62784,157],{},[52,62786,62787],{"className":54,"code":38053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,62788,62789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62790,62791],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62792,38053],{"class":75},[14,62794,62795],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[52,62797,62799],{"className":54,"code":62798,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,62800,62801,62811,62815,62833,62851,62855],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62802,62803,62805,62807,62809],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62804,7539],{"class":67},[61,62806,72],{"class":71},[61,62808,22317],{"class":105},[61,62810,263],{"class":75},[61,62812,62813],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62814,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,62816,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825,62827,62829,62831],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,62818,993],{"class":67},[61,62820,244],{"class":75},[61,62822,13308],{"class":112},[61,62824,109],{"class":75},[61,62826,816],{"class":190},[61,62828,3838],{"class":194},[61,62830,816],{"class":190},[61,62832,116],{"class":75},[61,62834,62835,62837,62839,62841,62843,62845,62847,62849],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,62836,993],{"class":67},[61,62838,244],{"class":75},[61,62840,13308],{"class":112},[61,62842,109],{"class":75},[61,62844,816],{"class":190},[61,62846,3847],{"class":194},[61,62848,816],{"class":190},[61,62850,116],{"class":75},[61,62852,62853],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,62854,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,62856,62857,62859,62861,62863],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,62858,130],{"class":129},[61,62860,109],{"class":75},[61,62862,993],{"class":112},[61,62864,116],{"class":75},[14,62866,157],{},[52,62868,62869],{"className":54,"code":38179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,62870,62871],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62872,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885,62887,62889],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62874,3658],{"class":75},[61,62876,198],{"class":190},[61,62878,3838],{"class":194},[61,62880,198],{"class":190},[61,62882,83],{"class":75},[61,62884,191],{"class":190},[61,62886,3847],{"class":194},[61,62888,198],{"class":190},[61,62890,94],{"class":75},[14,62892,62893,62894,62896],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[18,62895,3545],{},". Both are valid.",[47,62898,62900],{"id":62899},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[408,62902,62904],{"id":62903},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[52,62906,62907],{"className":54,"code":59678,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,62908,62909,62931],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62910,62911,62913,62915,62917,62919,62921,62923,62925,62927,62929],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62912,68],{"class":67},[61,62914,72],{"class":71},[61,62916,22317],{"class":105},[61,62918,1028],{"class":75},[61,62920,80],{"class":79},[61,62922,83],{"class":75},[61,62924,86],{"class":79},[61,62926,83],{"class":75},[61,62928,91],{"class":79},[61,62930,154],{"class":75},[61,62932,62933,62935,62937,62939],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,62934,130],{"class":129},[61,62936,109],{"class":75},[61,62938,113],{"class":112},[61,62940,116],{"class":75},[14,62942,157],{},[52,62944,62945],{"className":54,"code":54908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,62946,62947],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62948,62949,62951,62953,62955,62957,62959,62961],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62950,3658],{"class":75},[61,62952,80],{"class":79},[61,62954,83],{"class":75},[61,62956,86],{"class":79},[61,62958,83],{"class":75},[61,62960,91],{"class":79},[61,62962,94],{"class":75},[14,62964,62965,62966,244],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[235,62967,62969],{"href":62968},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[408,62971,62973],{"id":62972},"string-to-list","String to list",[52,62975,62977],{"className":54,"code":62976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,62978,62979,62997],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62980,62981,62983,62985,62987,62989,62991,62993,62995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62982,35847],{"class":67},[61,62984,72],{"class":71},[61,62986,22317],{"class":105},[61,62988,109],{"class":75},[61,62990,816],{"class":190},[61,62992,525],{"class":194},[61,62994,816],{"class":190},[61,62996,116],{"class":75},[61,62998,62999,63001,63003,63005],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63000,130],{"class":129},[61,63002,109],{"class":75},[61,63004,35900],{"class":112},[61,63006,116],{"class":75},[14,63008,157],{},[52,63010,63012],{"className":54,"code":63011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[18,63013,63014],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63015,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038,63040],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63017,3658],{"class":75},[61,63019,198],{"class":190},[61,63021,573],{"class":194},[61,63023,198],{"class":190},[61,63025,83],{"class":75},[61,63027,191],{"class":190},[61,63029,235],{"class":194},[61,63031,198],{"class":190},[61,63033,83],{"class":75},[61,63035,191],{"class":190},[61,63037,590],{"class":194},[61,63039,198],{"class":190},[61,63041,94],{"class":75},[14,63043,63044,63046],{},[18,63045,24538],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[408,63048,63050],{"id":63049},"range-to-list","Range to list",[52,63052,63054],{"className":54,"code":63053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,63055,63056,63074],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63057,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63059,68],{"class":67},[61,63061,72],{"class":71},[61,63063,22317],{"class":105},[61,63065,109],{"class":75},[61,63067,640],{"class":129},[61,63069,109],{"class":75},[61,63071,645],{"class":79},[61,63073,154],{"class":75},[61,63075,63076,63078,63080,63082],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63077,130],{"class":129},[61,63079,109],{"class":75},[61,63081,113],{"class":112},[61,63083,116],{"class":75},[14,63085,157],{},[52,63087,63088],{"className":54,"code":59780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,63089,63090],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63091,63092,63094,63096,63098,63100,63102,63104,63106,63108,63110,63112],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63093,3658],{"class":75},[61,63095,675],{"class":79},[61,63097,83],{"class":75},[61,63099,680],{"class":79},[61,63101,83],{"class":75},[61,63103,86],{"class":79},[61,63105,83],{"class":75},[61,63107,91],{"class":79},[61,63109,83],{"class":75},[61,63111,693],{"class":79},[61,63113,94],{"class":75},[14,63115,63116,63117,63121],{},"This is common when working with ",[235,63118,63119],{"href":35952},[18,63120,618],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[408,63123,63125],{"id":63124},"set-to-list","Set to list",[52,63127,63129],{"className":54,"code":63128,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[18,63130,63131,63153],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63132,63133,63135,63137,63139,63141,63143,63145,63147,63149,63151],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63134,712],{"class":67},[61,63136,72],{"class":71},[61,63138,22317],{"class":105},[61,63140,5288],{"class":75},[61,63142,430],{"class":79},[61,63144,83],{"class":75},[61,63146,435],{"class":79},[61,63148,83],{"class":75},[61,63150,440],{"class":79},[61,63152,30251],{"class":75},[61,63154,63155,63157,63159,63161],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63156,130],{"class":129},[61,63158,109],{"class":75},[61,63160,743],{"class":112},[61,63162,116],{"class":75},[14,63164,16715],{},[52,63166,63168],{"className":54,"code":63167,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,63169,63170],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63171,63172,63174,63176,63178,63180,63182,63184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63173,3658],{"class":75},[61,63175,430],{"class":79},[61,63177,83],{"class":75},[61,63179,435],{"class":79},[61,63181,83],{"class":75},[61,63183,440],{"class":79},[61,63185,94],{"class":75},[14,63187,63188],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[408,63190,63192],{"id":63191},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[52,63194,63196],{"className":54,"code":63195,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,63197,63198,63234,63248,63252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63199,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208,63210,63212,63214,63216,63218,63220,63222,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63201,809],{"class":67},[61,63203,72],{"class":71},[61,63205,717],{"class":75},[61,63207,816],{"class":190},[61,63209,819],{"class":194},[61,63211,816],{"class":190},[61,63213,824],{"class":75},[61,63215,522],{"class":190},[61,63217,829],{"class":194},[61,63219,816],{"class":190},[61,63221,83],{"class":75},[61,63223,522],{"class":190},[61,63225,838],{"class":194},[61,63227,816],{"class":190},[61,63229,824],{"class":75},[61,63231,845],{"class":79},[61,63233,730],{"class":75},[61,63235,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63237,100],{"class":67},[61,63239,72],{"class":71},[61,63241,22317],{"class":105},[61,63243,109],{"class":75},[61,63245,860],{"class":112},[61,63247,116],{"class":75},[61,63249,63250],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,63251,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,63253,63254,63256,63258,63260],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,63255,130],{"class":129},[61,63257,109],{"class":75},[61,63259,135],{"class":112},[61,63261,116],{"class":75},[14,63263,157],{},[52,63265,63266],{"className":54,"code":25238,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,63267,63268],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63269,63270,63272,63274,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63271,3658],{"class":75},[61,63273,198],{"class":190},[61,63275,819],{"class":194},[61,63277,198],{"class":190},[61,63279,83],{"class":75},[61,63281,191],{"class":190},[61,63283,838],{"class":194},[61,63285,198],{"class":190},[61,63287,94],{"class":75},[14,63289,796,63290,63292],{},[18,63291,24538],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63294,63295,63296,244],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[235,63297,1083],{"href":1082},[47,63299,63301],{"id":63300},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63303,63304],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63306,60909],{},[26,63308,63309,63311,63313,63315,63317,63319],{},[29,63310,290],{},[29,63312,5066],{},[29,63314,293],{},[29,63316,299],{},[29,63318,296],{},[29,63320,302],{},[14,63322,63323],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[52,63325,63327],{"className":54,"code":63326,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[18,63328,63329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63330,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339,63341,63344,63346],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63332,130],{"class":129},[61,63334,109],{"class":75},[61,63336,7852],{"class":105},[61,63338,109],{"class":75},[61,63340,816],{"class":190},[61,63342,63343],{"class":194},"hi",[61,63345,816],{"class":190},[61,63347,154],{"class":75},[14,63349,157],{},[52,63351,63353],{"className":54,"code":63352,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'i']\n",[18,63354,63355],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63356,63357,63359,63361,63363,63365,63367,63369,63371,63373],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63358,3658],{"class":75},[61,63360,198],{"class":190},[61,63362,1344],{"class":194},[61,63364,198],{"class":190},[61,63366,83],{"class":75},[61,63368,191],{"class":190},[61,63370,35911],{"class":194},[61,63372,198],{"class":190},[61,63374,94],{"class":75},[14,63376,63377],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[52,63379,63381],{"className":54,"code":63380,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(5))\n",[18,63382,63383],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63384,63385,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63386,130],{"class":129},[61,63388,109],{"class":75},[61,63390,7852],{"class":105},[61,63392,109],{"class":75},[61,63394,645],{"class":79},[61,63396,154],{"class":75},[14,63398,157],{},[52,63400,63401],{"className":54,"code":1265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,63402,63403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63404,63405,63407,63409,63411,63413,63415,63417,63419,63421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63406,1272],{"class":105},[61,63408,824],{"class":75},[61,63410,191],{"class":190},[61,63412,1279],{"class":194},[61,63414,198],{"class":190},[61,63416,1284],{"class":105},[61,63418,1287],{"class":71},[61,63420,1290],{"class":71},[61,63422,1293],{"class":67},[14,63424,63425,63426,63428,63429,244],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[235,63427,4899],{"href":5345},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[235,63430,63431],{"href":1299},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[47,63433,63435],{"id":63434},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63437,63438,63439,63442],{},"If you already have a list, ",[18,63440,63441],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[52,63444,63446],{"className":54,"code":63445,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,63447,63448,63468,63482,63486,63496,63506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63449,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63451,11840],{"class":67},[61,63453,72],{"class":71},[61,63455,76],{"class":75},[61,63457,80],{"class":79},[61,63459,83],{"class":75},[61,63461,86],{"class":79},[61,63463,83],{"class":75},[61,63465,91],{"class":79},[61,63467,94],{"class":75},[61,63469,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63471,14066],{"class":67},[61,63473,72],{"class":71},[61,63475,22317],{"class":105},[61,63477,109],{"class":75},[61,63479,11887],{"class":112},[61,63481,116],{"class":75},[61,63483,63484],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,63485,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,63487,63488,63490,63492,63494],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,63489,130],{"class":129},[61,63491,109],{"class":75},[61,63493,11887],{"class":112},[61,63495,116],{"class":75},[61,63497,63498,63500,63502,63504],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,63499,130],{"class":129},[61,63501,109],{"class":75},[61,63503,14085],{"class":112},[61,63505,116],{"class":75},[61,63507,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,63509,130],{"class":129},[61,63511,109],{"class":75},[61,63513,11840],{"class":112},[61,63515,11948],{"class":3634},[61,63517,14139],{"class":112},[61,63519,116],{"class":75},[14,63521,157],{},[52,63523,63525],{"className":54,"code":63524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[18,63526,63527,63543,63559],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63528,63529,63531,63533,63535,63537,63539,63541],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63530,3658],{"class":75},[61,63532,80],{"class":79},[61,63534,83],{"class":75},[61,63536,86],{"class":79},[61,63538,83],{"class":75},[61,63540,91],{"class":79},[61,63542,94],{"class":75},[61,63544,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63546,3658],{"class":75},[61,63548,80],{"class":79},[61,63550,83],{"class":75},[61,63552,86],{"class":79},[61,63554,83],{"class":75},[61,63556,91],{"class":79},[61,63558,94],{"class":75},[61,63560,63561],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,63562,3799],{"class":3609},[14,63564,63565,63566,63568],{},"This means ",[18,63567,14085],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63570,63571,63572,63574],{},"However, this is only a ",[603,63573,12606],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[52,63576,63578],{"className":54,"code":63577,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,63579,63580,63606,63620,63624,63642,63646,63656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63581,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63583,11840],{"class":67},[61,63585,72],{"class":71},[61,63587,56052],{"class":75},[61,63589,80],{"class":79},[61,63591,83],{"class":75},[61,63593,86],{"class":79},[61,63595,17819],{"class":75},[61,63597,76],{"class":75},[61,63599,1827],{"class":79},[61,63601,83],{"class":75},[61,63603,693],{"class":79},[61,63605,53000],{"class":75},[61,63607,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63609,14066],{"class":67},[61,63611,72],{"class":71},[61,63613,22317],{"class":105},[61,63615,109],{"class":75},[61,63617,11887],{"class":112},[61,63619,116],{"class":75},[61,63621,63622],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,63623,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,63625,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,63627,14085],{"class":67},[61,63629,3658],{"class":75},[61,63631,675],{"class":79},[61,63633,13305],{"class":75},[61,63635,13308],{"class":112},[61,63637,109],{"class":75},[61,63639,56105],{"class":79},[61,63641,116],{"class":75},[61,63643,63644],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,63645,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,63647,63648,63650,63652,63654],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,63649,130],{"class":129},[61,63651,109],{"class":75},[61,63653,11887],{"class":112},[61,63655,116],{"class":75},[61,63657,63658,63660,63662,63664],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,63659,130],{"class":129},[61,63661,109],{"class":75},[61,63663,14085],{"class":112},[61,63665,116],{"class":75},[14,63667,157],{},[52,63669,63670],{"className":54,"code":56136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,63671,63672,63698],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63673,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63675,56143],{"class":75},[61,63677,80],{"class":79},[61,63679,83],{"class":75},[61,63681,86],{"class":79},[61,63683,83],{"class":75},[61,63685,9949],{"class":79},[61,63687,17819],{"class":75},[61,63689,76],{"class":75},[61,63691,1827],{"class":79},[61,63693,83],{"class":75},[61,63695,693],{"class":79},[61,63697,53000],{"class":75},[61,63699,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63701,56143],{"class":75},[61,63703,80],{"class":79},[61,63705,83],{"class":75},[61,63707,86],{"class":79},[61,63709,83],{"class":75},[61,63711,9949],{"class":79},[61,63713,17819],{"class":75},[61,63715,76],{"class":75},[61,63717,1827],{"class":79},[61,63719,83],{"class":75},[61,63721,693],{"class":79},[61,63723,53000],{"class":75},[14,63725,63726],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,63728,63729,63730,244],{},"For more on this, see ",[235,63731,13546],{"href":13545},[47,63733,63735],{"id":63734},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,63737,63738,63739,244],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[18,63740,24538],{},[408,63742,63744],{"id":63743},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[52,63746,63748],{"className":54,"code":63747,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[18,63749,63750,63790],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63751,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760,63762,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63753,12619],{"class":67},[61,63755,72],{"class":71},[61,63757,717],{"class":75},[61,63759,816],{"class":190},[61,63761,819],{"class":194},[61,63763,816],{"class":190},[61,63765,824],{"class":75},[61,63767,522],{"class":190},[61,63769,7679],{"class":194},[61,63771,816],{"class":190},[61,63773,83],{"class":75},[61,63775,522],{"class":190},[61,63777,19647],{"class":194},[61,63779,816],{"class":190},[61,63781,824],{"class":75},[61,63783,522],{"class":190},[61,63785,22002],{"class":194},[61,63787,816],{"class":190},[61,63789,730],{"class":75},[61,63791,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63793,130],{"class":129},[61,63795,109],{"class":75},[61,63797,7852],{"class":105},[61,63799,109],{"class":75},[61,63801,13381],{"class":112},[61,63803,154],{"class":75},[14,63805,157],{},[52,63807,63809],{"className":54,"code":63808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'grade']\n",[18,63810,63811],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63812,63813,63815,63817,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63814,3658],{"class":75},[61,63816,198],{"class":190},[61,63818,819],{"class":194},[61,63820,198],{"class":190},[61,63822,83],{"class":75},[61,63824,191],{"class":190},[61,63826,19647],{"class":194},[61,63828,198],{"class":190},[61,63830,94],{"class":75},[408,63832,63834],{"id":63833},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[52,63836,63838],{"className":54,"code":63837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[18,63839,63840,63880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63841,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63843,12619],{"class":67},[61,63845,72],{"class":71},[61,63847,717],{"class":75},[61,63849,816],{"class":190},[61,63851,819],{"class":194},[61,63853,816],{"class":190},[61,63855,824],{"class":75},[61,63857,522],{"class":190},[61,63859,7679],{"class":194},[61,63861,816],{"class":190},[61,63863,83],{"class":75},[61,63865,522],{"class":190},[61,63867,19647],{"class":194},[61,63869,816],{"class":190},[61,63871,824],{"class":75},[61,63873,522],{"class":190},[61,63875,22002],{"class":194},[61,63877,816],{"class":190},[61,63879,730],{"class":75},[61,63881,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63883,130],{"class":129},[61,63885,109],{"class":75},[61,63887,7852],{"class":105},[61,63889,109],{"class":75},[61,63891,13381],{"class":112},[61,63893,244],{"class":75},[61,63895,743],{"class":112},[61,63897,996],{"class":75},[14,63899,157],{},[52,63901,63903],{"className":54,"code":63902,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[18,63904,63905],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63906,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921,63923],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63908,3658],{"class":75},[61,63910,198],{"class":190},[61,63912,7679],{"class":194},[61,63914,198],{"class":190},[61,63916,83],{"class":75},[61,63918,191],{"class":190},[61,63920,22002],{"class":194},[61,63922,198],{"class":190},[61,63924,94],{"class":75},[408,63926,63928],{"id":63927},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[52,63930,63932],{"className":54,"code":63931,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[18,63933,63934,63974],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63935,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63937,12619],{"class":67},[61,63939,72],{"class":71},[61,63941,717],{"class":75},[61,63943,816],{"class":190},[61,63945,819],{"class":194},[61,63947,816],{"class":190},[61,63949,824],{"class":75},[61,63951,522],{"class":190},[61,63953,7679],{"class":194},[61,63955,816],{"class":190},[61,63957,83],{"class":75},[61,63959,522],{"class":190},[61,63961,19647],{"class":194},[61,63963,816],{"class":190},[61,63965,824],{"class":75},[61,63967,522],{"class":190},[61,63969,22002],{"class":194},[61,63971,816],{"class":190},[61,63973,730],{"class":75},[61,63975,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,63977,130],{"class":129},[61,63979,109],{"class":75},[61,63981,7852],{"class":105},[61,63983,109],{"class":75},[61,63985,13381],{"class":112},[61,63987,244],{"class":75},[61,63989,993],{"class":112},[61,63991,996],{"class":75},[14,63993,157],{},[52,63995,63997],{"className":54,"code":63996,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[18,63998,63999],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64000,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64002,21497],{"class":75},[61,64004,198],{"class":190},[61,64006,819],{"class":194},[61,64008,198],{"class":190},[61,64010,83],{"class":75},[61,64012,191],{"class":190},[61,64014,7679],{"class":194},[61,64016,198],{"class":190},[61,64018,1045],{"class":75},[61,64020,1048],{"class":75},[61,64022,198],{"class":190},[61,64024,19647],{"class":194},[61,64026,198],{"class":190},[61,64028,83],{"class":75},[61,64030,191],{"class":190},[61,64032,22002],{"class":194},[61,64034,198],{"class":190},[61,64036,9004],{"class":75},[14,64038,64039],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[47,64041,64043],{"id":64042},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64045,204,64046,1193],{},[18,64047,24538],{},[26,64049,64050,64058,64067],{},[29,64051,64052,64053,2638,64055],{},"you need list methods like ",[18,64054,52410],{},[18,64056,64057],{},"sort()",[29,64059,64060,64061,2638,64063,64066],{},"you want to convert ",[18,64062,618],{},[18,64064,64065],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[29,64068,64069],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64071,45798,64072,824],{},[18,64073,64065],{},[52,64075,64077],{"className":54,"code":64076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,64078,64079,64103,64119,64123,64146],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64080,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64082,4757],{"class":67},[61,64084,72],{"class":71},[61,64086,76],{"class":75},[61,64088,816],{"class":190},[61,64090,829],{"class":194},[61,64092,816],{"class":190},[61,64094,83],{"class":75},[61,64096,522],{"class":190},[61,64098,35697],{"class":194},[61,64100,816],{"class":190},[61,64102,94],{"class":75},[61,64104,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64106,4826],{"class":67},[61,64108,72],{"class":71},[61,64110,76],{"class":75},[61,64112,13257],{"class":79},[61,64114,83],{"class":75},[61,64116,13262],{"class":79},[61,64118,94],{"class":75},[61,64120,64121],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,64122,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,64124,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,64126,8972],{"class":67},[61,64128,72],{"class":71},[61,64130,22317],{"class":105},[61,64132,109],{"class":75},[61,64134,64135],{"class":129},"zip",[61,64137,109],{"class":75},[61,64139,4801],{"class":112},[61,64141,83],{"class":75},[61,64143,4873],{"class":112},[61,64145,154],{"class":75},[61,64147,64148,64150,64152,64154],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,64149,130],{"class":129},[61,64151,109],{"class":75},[61,64153,9017],{"class":112},[61,64155,116],{"class":75},[14,64157,157],{},[52,64159,64161],{"className":54,"code":64160,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[18,64162,64163],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64164,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64166,21497],{"class":75},[61,64168,198],{"class":190},[61,64170,829],{"class":194},[61,64172,198],{"class":190},[61,64174,83],{"class":75},[61,64176,19654],{"class":79},[61,64178,1045],{"class":75},[61,64180,1048],{"class":75},[61,64182,198],{"class":190},[61,64184,35697],{"class":194},[61,64186,198],{"class":190},[61,64188,83],{"class":75},[61,64190,13262],{"class":79},[61,64192,9004],{"class":75},[14,64194,64195,64196,64198,64199,244],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[18,64197,52410],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[235,64200,52807],{"href":52806},[47,64202,4280],{"id":4279},[14,64204,56534,64205,244],{},[18,64206,24538],{},[408,64208,64210],{"id":64209},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64212,4287],{},[52,64214,64216],{"className":54,"code":64215,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,64217,64218,64222],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64219,64220],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64221,4297],{"class":3420},[61,64223,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236,64238],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64225,7852],{"class":105},[61,64227,109],{"class":75},[61,64229,80],{"class":79},[61,64231,83],{"class":75},[61,64233,86],{"class":79},[61,64235,83],{"class":75},[61,64237,91],{"class":79},[61,64239,116],{"class":75},[14,64241,64242,64244],{},[18,64243,24538],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64246,1063],{},[52,64248,64250],{"className":54,"code":64249,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[18,64251,64252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64253,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64255,130],{"class":129},[61,64257,109],{"class":75},[61,64259,7852],{"class":105},[61,64261,1028],{"class":75},[61,64263,80],{"class":79},[61,64265,83],{"class":75},[61,64267,86],{"class":79},[61,64269,83],{"class":75},[61,64271,91],{"class":79},[61,64273,2672],{"class":75},[408,64275,64277,64278],{"id":64276},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[61,64279,64280],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64282,64283],{},"This is a common surprise:",[52,64285,64287],{"className":54,"code":64286,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[18,64288,64289],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64290,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64292,130],{"class":129},[61,64294,109],{"class":75},[61,64296,7852],{"class":105},[61,64298,109],{"class":75},[61,64300,816],{"class":190},[61,64302,1323],{"class":194},[61,64304,816],{"class":190},[61,64306,154],{"class":75},[14,64308,157],{},[52,64310,64312],{"className":54,"code":64311,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[18,64313,64314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64315,64316,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64317,3658],{"class":75},[61,64319,198],{"class":190},[61,64321,1344],{"class":194},[61,64323,198],{"class":190},[61,64325,83],{"class":75},[61,64327,191],{"class":190},[61,64329,1353],{"class":194},[61,64331,198],{"class":190},[61,64333,83],{"class":75},[61,64335,191],{"class":190},[61,64337,1362],{"class":194},[61,64339,198],{"class":190},[61,64341,83],{"class":75},[61,64343,191],{"class":190},[61,64345,1362],{"class":194},[61,64347,198],{"class":190},[61,64349,83],{"class":75},[61,64351,191],{"class":190},[61,64353,1379],{"class":194},[61,64355,198],{"class":190},[61,64357,94],{"class":75},[14,64359,64360],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64362,64363],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[52,64365,64367],{"className":54,"code":64366,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[18,64368,64369],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64370,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64372,130],{"class":129},[61,64374,1126],{"class":75},[61,64376,816],{"class":190},[61,64378,1323],{"class":194},[61,64380,816],{"class":190},[61,64382,1137],{"class":75},[408,64384,64386],{"id":64385},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64388,64389],{},"This:",[52,64391,64393],{"className":54,"code":64392,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[18,64394,64395,64427],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64396,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423,64425],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64398,1459],{"class":67},[61,64400,72],{"class":71},[61,64402,717],{"class":75},[61,64404,816],{"class":190},[61,64406,235],{"class":194},[61,64408,816],{"class":190},[61,64410,824],{"class":75},[61,64412,680],{"class":79},[61,64414,83],{"class":75},[61,64416,522],{"class":190},[61,64418,1480],{"class":194},[61,64420,816],{"class":190},[61,64422,824],{"class":75},[61,64424,86],{"class":79},[61,64426,730],{"class":75},[61,64428,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64430,130],{"class":129},[61,64432,109],{"class":75},[61,64434,7852],{"class":105},[61,64436,109],{"class":75},[61,64438,1501],{"class":112},[61,64440,154],{"class":75},[14,64442,64443],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64445,204,64446,64449],{},[18,64447,64448],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[408,64451,64453],{"id":64452},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64455,64456,64458],{},[18,64457,24538],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64460,64461],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[47,64463,1620],{"id":1619},[408,64465,4943,64467,64469],{"id":64466},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[61,64468],{}," and list()?",[14,64471,64472,64473,64475,64476,64478],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[18,64474,3545],{}," is shorter. ",[18,64477,24538],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[408,64480,64482],{"id":64481},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64484,64485,64486,64488],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[18,64487,24538],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[408,64490,64492],{"id":64491},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64494,64495],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[408,64497,64499],{"id":64498},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64501,64502],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[408,64504,64506],{"id":64505},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64508,64509,64510,64512],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[18,64511,24538],{}," cannot loop through it.",[47,64514,1664],{"id":1663},[26,64516,64517,64521,64526,64530,64534,64538,64542,64547],{},[29,64518,64519],{},[235,64520,52529],{"href":50737},[29,64522,64523],{},[235,64524,64525],{"href":35952},"Python range() function explained",[29,64527,64528],{},[235,64529,62969],{"href":62968},[29,64531,64532],{},[235,64533,1083],{"href":1082},[29,64535,64536],{},[235,64537,4980],{"href":5345},[29,64539,64540],{},[235,64541,13546],{"href":13545},[29,64543,64544],{},[235,64545,64546],{"href":1299},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[29,64548,64549],{},[235,64550,54036],{"href":52806},[1693,64552,64553],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":64555},[64556,64557,64558,64559,64560,64567,64568,64569,64574,64575,64582,64590],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":62673,"depth":97,"text":62674},{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":59379,"depth":97,"text":59380},{"id":62899,"depth":97,"text":62900,"children":64561},[64562,64563,64564,64565,64566],{"id":62903,"depth":119,"text":62904},{"id":62972,"depth":119,"text":62973},{"id":63049,"depth":119,"text":63050},{"id":63124,"depth":119,"text":63125},{"id":63191,"depth":119,"text":63192},{"id":63300,"depth":97,"text":63301},{"id":63434,"depth":97,"text":63435},{"id":63734,"depth":97,"text":63735,"children":64570},[64571,64572,64573],{"id":63743,"depth":119,"text":63744},{"id":63833,"depth":119,"text":63834},{"id":63927,"depth":119,"text":63928},{"id":64042,"depth":97,"text":64043},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":64576},[64577,64578,64580,64581],{"id":64209,"depth":119,"text":64210},{"id":64276,"depth":119,"text":64579},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64385,"depth":119,"text":64386},{"id":64452,"depth":119,"text":64453},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":64583},[64584,64586,64587,64588,64589],{"id":64466,"depth":119,"text":64585},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64481,"depth":119,"text":64482},{"id":64491,"depth":119,"text":64492},{"id":64498,"depth":119,"text":64499},{"id":64505,"depth":119,"text":64506},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62507,"description":64591},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64598,"title":64599,"body":64600,"description":65951,"extension":1727,"meta":65952,"navigation":122,"path":65953,"seo":65954,"stem":65955,"__hash__":65956},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64601,"toc":65925},[64602,64607,64613,64622,64624,64697,64706,64711,64715,64731,64735,64737,64739,64758,64761,64789,64792,64817,64825,64827,64832,64839,64841,64898,64900,64908,64914,64918,64921,64994,64996,65004,65007,65030,65037,65043,65047,65053,65124,65126,65134,65143,65150,65157,65165,65309,65311,65328,65331,65370,65373,65377,65382,65384,65443,65449,65452,65559,65561,65576,65579,65586,65588,65592,65740,65743,65804,65807,65810,65831,65836,65840,65851,65854,65856,65861,65864,65872,65877,65883,65886,65892,65900,65902,65922],[10,64603,54100,64605,11075],{"id":64604},"python-list-index-method",[18,64606,58727],{},[14,64608,64609,64612],{},[18,64610,64611],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64614,64615,64616,64619,64620,244],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[603,64617,64618],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,64621,40461],{},[47,64623,3366],{"id":3365},[52,64625,64627],{"className":54,"code":64626,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,64628,64629,64661,64684],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64630,64631,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64632,7539],{"class":67},[61,64634,72],{"class":71},[61,64636,76],{"class":75},[61,64638,816],{"class":190},[61,64640,3838],{"class":194},[61,64642,816],{"class":190},[61,64644,83],{"class":75},[61,64646,522],{"class":190},[61,64648,3847],{"class":194},[61,64650,816],{"class":190},[61,64652,83],{"class":75},[61,64654,522],{"class":190},[61,64656,3856],{"class":194},[61,64658,816],{"class":190},[61,64660,94],{"class":75},[61,64662,64663,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64682],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64664,64665],{"class":67},"position ",[61,64667,72],{"class":71},[61,64669,5725],{"class":67},[61,64671,244],{"class":75},[61,64673,35602],{"class":112},[61,64675,109],{"class":75},[61,64677,816],{"class":190},[61,64679,3847],{"class":194},[61,64681,816],{"class":190},[61,64683,116],{"class":75},[61,64685,64686,64688,64690,64693,64695],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,64687,130],{"class":129},[61,64689,109],{"class":75},[61,64691,64692],{"class":112},"position",[61,64694,3417],{"class":75},[61,64696,27536],{"class":3420},[14,64698,204,64699,64702,64703,64705],{},[18,64700,64701],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[18,64704,40461],{}," if the item is not found.",[47,64707,3435,64709,3438],{"id":64708},"what-listindex-does",[18,64710,64611],{},[14,64712,64713,824],{},[18,64714,64611],{},[26,64716,64717,64720,64723,64728],{},[29,64718,64719],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[29,64721,64722],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[29,64724,64725,64726],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[18,64727,675],{},[29,64729,64730],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,64732,54325,64733,244],{},[235,64734,52529],{"href":54328},[47,64736,248],{"id":247},[14,64738,30480],{},[52,64740,64742],{"className":54,"code":64741,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.index(value)\n",[18,64743,64744],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64745,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64747,8096],{"class":67},[61,64749,244],{"class":75},[61,64751,35602],{"class":112},[61,64753,109],{"class":75},[61,64755,1605],{"class":112},[61,64757,116],{"class":75},[14,64759,64760],{},"You can also limit the search:",[52,64762,64764],{"className":54,"code":64763,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,64765,64766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64767,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64787],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64769,8096],{"class":67},[61,64771,244],{"class":75},[61,64773,35602],{"class":112},[61,64775,109],{"class":75},[61,64777,1605],{"class":112},[61,64779,83],{"class":75},[61,64781,35808],{"class":112},[61,64783,83],{"class":75},[61,64785,64786],{"class":112}," end",[61,64788,116],{"class":75},[14,64790,64791],{},"Here is what each part means:",[26,64793,64794,64799,64804,64809],{},[29,64795,64796,64798],{},[18,64797,1605],{},": the item to search for",[29,64800,64801,64803],{},[18,64802,35829],{},": where the search begins",[29,64805,64806,64808],{},[18,64807,52418],{},": where the search stops",[29,64810,64811,4545,64813,64816],{},[18,64812,52418],{},[603,64814,64815],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,64818,64819,64820,64822,64823,244],{},"This means Python searches from ",[18,64821,35829],{}," up to, but not including, ",[18,64824,52418],{},[47,64826,37777],{"id":37776},[14,64828,64829,64831],{},[18,64830,64611],{}," returns an integer.",[14,64833,64834,64835,64838],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[603,64836,64837],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,64840,1109],{},[52,64842,64844],{"className":54,"code":64843,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,64845,64846,64866,64884,64888],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64847,64848,64850,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860,64862,64864],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64849,68],{"class":67},[61,64851,72],{"class":71},[61,64853,76],{"class":75},[61,64855,430],{"class":79},[61,64857,83],{"class":75},[61,64859,435],{"class":79},[61,64861,83],{"class":75},[61,64863,440],{"class":79},[61,64865,94],{"class":75},[61,64867,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64869,100],{"class":67},[61,64871,72],{"class":71},[61,64873,4023],{"class":67},[61,64875,244],{"class":75},[61,64877,35602],{"class":112},[61,64879,109],{"class":75},[61,64881,15510],{"class":79},[61,64883,116],{"class":75},[61,64885,64886],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,64887,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,64889,64890,64892,64894,64896],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,64891,130],{"class":129},[61,64893,109],{"class":75},[61,64895,135],{"class":112},[61,64897,116],{"class":75},[14,64899,157],{},[52,64901,64902],{"className":54,"code":46675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,64903,64904],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64905,64906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64907,46675],{"class":79},[14,64909,64910,64911,64913],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[18,64912,58727],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[47,64915,64917],{"id":64916},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,64919,64920],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[52,64922,64924],{"className":54,"code":64923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[18,64925,64926,64958,64980,64984],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64927,64928,64930,64932,64934,64936,64938,64940,64942,64944,64946,64948,64950,64952,64954,64956],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64929,35995],{"class":67},[61,64931,72],{"class":71},[61,64933,76],{"class":75},[61,64935,816],{"class":190},[61,64937,3838],{"class":194},[61,64939,816],{"class":190},[61,64941,83],{"class":75},[61,64943,522],{"class":190},[61,64945,3847],{"class":194},[61,64947,816],{"class":190},[61,64949,83],{"class":75},[61,64951,522],{"class":190},[61,64953,3856],{"class":194},[61,64955,816],{"class":190},[61,64957,94],{"class":75},[61,64959,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976,64978],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,64961,64665],{"class":67},[61,64963,72],{"class":71},[61,64965,52609],{"class":67},[61,64967,244],{"class":75},[61,64969,35602],{"class":112},[61,64971,109],{"class":75},[61,64973,816],{"class":190},[61,64975,3856],{"class":194},[61,64977,816],{"class":190},[61,64979,116],{"class":75},[61,64981,64982],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,64983,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,64985,64986,64988,64990,64992],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,64987,130],{"class":129},[61,64989,109],{"class":75},[61,64991,64692],{"class":112},[61,64993,116],{"class":75},[14,64995,157],{},[52,64997,64998],{"className":54,"code":16813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,64999,65000],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65001,65002],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65003,16813],{"class":79},[14,65005,65006],{},"In this list:",[26,65008,65009,65016,65023],{},[29,65010,65011,65013,65014],{},[18,65012,57592],{}," is at index ",[18,65015,675],{},[29,65017,65018,65013,65021],{},[18,65019,65020],{},"\"banana\"",[18,65022,80],{},[29,65024,65025,65013,65028],{},[18,65026,65027],{},"\"cherry\"",[18,65029,1821],{},[14,65031,53411,65032,2158,65035,244],{},[18,65033,65034],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[18,65036,1821],{},[14,65038,51301,65039,244],{},[235,65040,65042],{"href":65041},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[47,65044,65046],{"id":65045},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65048,65049,65050,65052],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[18,65051,58727],{}," returns the first match only.",[52,65054,65056],{"className":54,"code":65055,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[18,65057,65058,65098,65102],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65059,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65061,12831],{"class":67},[61,65063,72],{"class":71},[61,65065,76],{"class":75},[61,65067,816],{"class":190},[61,65069,12848],{"class":194},[61,65071,816],{"class":190},[61,65073,83],{"class":75},[61,65075,522],{"class":190},[61,65077,12865],{"class":194},[61,65079,816],{"class":190},[61,65081,83],{"class":75},[61,65083,522],{"class":190},[61,65085,12848],{"class":194},[61,65087,816],{"class":190},[61,65089,83],{"class":75},[61,65091,522],{"class":190},[61,65093,17212],{"class":194},[61,65095,816],{"class":190},[61,65097,94],{"class":75},[61,65099,65100],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65101,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,65103,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116,65118,65120,65122],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,65105,130],{"class":129},[61,65107,109],{"class":75},[61,65109,17259],{"class":112},[61,65111,244],{"class":75},[61,65113,35602],{"class":112},[61,65115,109],{"class":75},[61,65117,816],{"class":190},[61,65119,12848],{"class":194},[61,65121,816],{"class":190},[61,65123,154],{"class":75},[14,65125,157],{},[52,65127,65128],{"className":54,"code":47010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,65129,65130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65131,65132],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65133,47010],{"class":79},[14,65135,20734,65136,65139,65140,65142],{},[18,65137,65138],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[18,65141,675],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65144,65145,65146,244],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[235,65147,55278,65148,10492],{"href":58786},[18,65149,57049],{},[47,65151,8175,65153,4154,65155],{"id":65152},"using-start-and-end",[18,65154,35829],{},[18,65156,52418],{},[14,65158,65159,65160,4154,65162,65164],{},"The optional ",[18,65161,35829],{},[18,65163,52418],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[52,65166,65168],{"className":54,"code":65167,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[18,65169,65170,65218,65222,65247,65276],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65171,65172,65174,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65173,35847],{"class":67},[61,65175,72],{"class":71},[61,65177,76],{"class":75},[61,65179,816],{"class":190},[61,65181,235],{"class":194},[61,65183,816],{"class":190},[61,65185,83],{"class":75},[61,65187,522],{"class":190},[61,65189,1480],{"class":194},[61,65191,816],{"class":190},[61,65193,83],{"class":75},[61,65195,522],{"class":190},[61,65197,573],{"class":194},[61,65199,816],{"class":190},[61,65201,83],{"class":75},[61,65203,522],{"class":190},[61,65205,1480],{"class":194},[61,65207,816],{"class":190},[61,65209,83],{"class":75},[61,65211,522],{"class":190},[61,65213,18523],{"class":194},[61,65215,816],{"class":190},[61,65217,94],{"class":75},[61,65219,65220],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65221,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,65223,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,65225,130],{"class":129},[61,65227,109],{"class":75},[61,65229,35900],{"class":112},[61,65231,244],{"class":75},[61,65233,35602],{"class":112},[61,65235,109],{"class":75},[61,65237,816],{"class":190},[61,65239,1480],{"class":194},[61,65241,816],{"class":190},[61,65243,5122],{"class":75},[61,65245,65246],{"class":3420},"        # first match\n",[61,65248,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,65250,130],{"class":129},[61,65252,109],{"class":75},[61,65254,35900],{"class":112},[61,65256,244],{"class":75},[61,65258,35602],{"class":112},[61,65260,109],{"class":75},[61,65262,816],{"class":190},[61,65264,1480],{"class":194},[61,65266,816],{"class":190},[61,65268,83],{"class":75},[61,65270,86],{"class":79},[61,65272,5122],{"class":75},[61,65274,65275],{"class":3420},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[61,65277,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286,65288,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,65279,130],{"class":129},[61,65281,109],{"class":75},[61,65283,35900],{"class":112},[61,65285,244],{"class":75},[61,65287,35602],{"class":112},[61,65289,109],{"class":75},[61,65291,816],{"class":190},[61,65293,1480],{"class":194},[61,65295,816],{"class":190},[61,65297,83],{"class":75},[61,65299,680],{"class":79},[61,65301,83],{"class":75},[61,65303,693],{"class":79},[61,65305,5122],{"class":75},[61,65307,65308],{"class":3420},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65310,157],{},[52,65312,65314],{"className":54,"code":65313,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n3\n1\n",[18,65315,65316,65320,65324],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65317,65318],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65319,46675],{"class":79},[61,65321,65322],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65323,46375],{"class":79},[61,65325,65326],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,65327,46675],{"class":79},[14,65329,65330],{},"How this works:",[26,65332,65333,65345,65358],{},[29,65334,65335,65338,65339,65342,65343],{},[18,65336,65337],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[18,65340,65341],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[18,65344,80],{},[29,65346,65347,65350,65351,65353,65354,65342,65356],{},[18,65348,65349],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[18,65352,1821],{},", so it finds the next ",[18,65355,65341],{},[18,65357,1827],{},[29,65359,65360,65363,65364,1951,65366,16829,65368],{},[18,65361,65362],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[18,65365,80],{},[18,65367,1821],{},[18,65369,1827],{},[14,65371,65372],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[47,65374,65376],{"id":65375},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65378,65379,65380,244],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,65381,40461],{},[14,65383,1109],{},[52,65385,65387],{"className":54,"code":65386,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[18,65388,65389,65421],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65390,65391,65393,65395,65397,65399,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65392,7539],{"class":67},[61,65394,72],{"class":71},[61,65396,76],{"class":75},[61,65398,816],{"class":190},[61,65400,3838],{"class":194},[61,65402,816],{"class":190},[61,65404,83],{"class":75},[61,65406,522],{"class":190},[61,65408,3847],{"class":194},[61,65410,816],{"class":190},[61,65412,83],{"class":75},[61,65414,522],{"class":190},[61,65416,3856],{"class":194},[61,65418,816],{"class":190},[61,65420,94],{"class":75},[61,65422,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65424,130],{"class":129},[61,65426,109],{"class":75},[61,65428,993],{"class":112},[61,65430,244],{"class":75},[61,65432,35602],{"class":112},[61,65434,109],{"class":75},[61,65436,816],{"class":190},[61,65438,32976],{"class":194},[61,65440,816],{"class":190},[61,65442,154],{"class":75},[14,65444,39410,65445,65448],{},[18,65446,65447],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65450,65451],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[52,65453,65455],{"className":54,"code":65454,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[18,65456,65457,65489,65502,65506,65519,65538,65544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65458,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65460,7539],{"class":67},[61,65462,72],{"class":71},[61,65464,76],{"class":75},[61,65466,816],{"class":190},[61,65468,3838],{"class":194},[61,65470,816],{"class":190},[61,65472,83],{"class":75},[61,65474,522],{"class":190},[61,65476,3847],{"class":194},[61,65478,816],{"class":190},[61,65480,83],{"class":75},[61,65482,522],{"class":190},[61,65484,3856],{"class":194},[61,65486,816],{"class":190},[61,65488,94],{"class":75},[61,65490,65491,65494,65496,65498,65500],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65492,65493],{"class":67},"search_value ",[61,65495,72],{"class":71},[61,65497,522],{"class":190},[61,65499,32976],{"class":194},[61,65501,528],{"class":190},[61,65503,65504],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,65505,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,65507,65508,65510,65513,65515,65517],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,65509,6758],{"class":3634},[61,65511,65512],{"class":67}," search_value ",[61,65514,3641],{"class":71},[61,65516,5725],{"class":67},[61,65518,6152],{"class":75},[61,65520,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65536],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,65522,7827],{"class":129},[61,65524,109],{"class":75},[61,65526,993],{"class":112},[61,65528,244],{"class":75},[61,65530,35602],{"class":112},[61,65532,109],{"class":75},[61,65534,65535],{"class":112},"search_value",[61,65537,154],{"class":75},[61,65539,65540,65542],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,65541,27190],{"class":3634},[61,65543,6152],{"class":75},[61,65545,65546,65548,65550,65552,65555,65557],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,65547,7827],{"class":129},[61,65549,109],{"class":75},[61,65551,816],{"class":190},[61,65553,65554],{"class":194},"Item not found",[61,65556,816],{"class":190},[61,65558,116],{"class":75},[14,65560,157],{},[52,65562,65564],{"className":54,"code":65563,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Item not found\n",[18,65565,65566],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65567,65568,65571,65573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65569,65570],{"class":67},"Item ",[61,65572,605],{"class":71},[61,65574,65575],{"class":67}," found\n",[14,65577,65578],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65580,65581,65582,244],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[235,65583,65585],{"href":65584},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[47,65587,4280],{"id":4279},[14,65589,20968,65590,824],{},[18,65591,64611],{},[26,65593,65594,65612,65624,65684],{},[29,65595,25531,65596,2158,65598,65601,65602,65604,65605,4924,65607,65609,65610,244],{},[18,65597,58727],{},[18,65599,65600],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9598,65603],{},"\nPython does ",[603,65606,605],{},[18,65608,65600],{},". It raises ",[18,65611,40461],{},[29,65613,65614,65615,65617,65620,65621,65623],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9598,65616],{},[18,65618,65619],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[18,65622,65020],{},", not the value itself.",[29,65625,8175,65626,10844,65629,65631,65633,65634,16412,65636,65659,16400,65661],{},[18,65627,65628],{},"index[]",[18,65630,58727],{},[9598,65632],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9598,65635],{},[52,65637,65639],{"className":54,"code":65638,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[18,65640,65641],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65642,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65644,993],{"class":67},[61,65646,244],{"class":75},[61,65648,35602],{"class":112},[61,65650,109],{"class":75},[61,65652,816],{"class":190},[61,65654,3847],{"class":194},[61,65656,816],{"class":190},[61,65658,116],{"class":75},[9598,65660],{},[52,65662,65664],{"className":54,"code":65663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[18,65665,65666],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65667,65668,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680,65682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65669,993],{"class":67},[61,65671,244],{"class":75},[61,65673,35602],{"class":24507},[61,65675,3658],{"class":75},[61,65677,816],{"class":190},[61,65679,3847],{"class":194},[61,65681,816],{"class":190},[61,65683,94],{"class":75},[29,65685,65686,65687,65689,4154,65692,65694,65695],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9598,65688],{},[18,65690,65691],{},"\"3\"",[18,65693,1827],{}," are different values in Python.",[52,65696,65698],{"className":54,"code":65697,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[18,65699,65700,65720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65701,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65703,68],{"class":67},[61,65705,72],{"class":71},[61,65707,76],{"class":75},[61,65709,80],{"class":79},[61,65711,83],{"class":75},[61,65713,86],{"class":79},[61,65715,83],{"class":75},[61,65717,91],{"class":79},[61,65719,94],{"class":75},[61,65721,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65723,130],{"class":129},[61,65725,109],{"class":75},[61,65727,816],{"class":190},[61,65729,1827],{"class":194},[61,65731,816],{"class":190},[61,65733,20930],{"class":3634},[61,65735,4023],{"class":112},[61,65737,3417],{"class":75},[61,65739,4533],{"class":3420},[14,65741,65742],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[52,65744,65746],{"className":54,"code":65745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[18,65747,65748,65758,65772,65786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65749,65750,65752,65754,65756],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65751,130],{"class":129},[61,65753,109],{"class":75},[61,65755,8096],{"class":112},[61,65757,116],{"class":75},[61,65759,65760,65762,65764,65766,65768,65770],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,65761,130],{"class":129},[61,65763,109],{"class":75},[61,65765,147],{"class":105},[61,65767,109],{"class":75},[61,65769,65535],{"class":112},[61,65771,154],{"class":75},[61,65773,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,65775,130],{"class":129},[61,65777,109],{"class":75},[61,65779,65493],{"class":112},[61,65781,3641],{"class":3634},[61,65783,8153],{"class":112},[61,65785,116],{"class":75},[61,65787,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,65789,130],{"class":129},[61,65791,109],{"class":75},[61,65793,8096],{"class":112},[61,65795,244],{"class":75},[61,65797,35602],{"class":112},[61,65799,109],{"class":75},[61,65801,65535],{"class":112},[61,65803,154],{"class":75},[14,65805,65806],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,65808,65809],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[26,65811,65812,65815,65822,65828],{},[29,65813,65814],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[29,65816,65817,65818,10844,65820],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[18,65819,65691],{},[18,65821,1827],{},[29,65823,65824,65825,65827],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[18,65826,58727],{}," returns only the first one",[29,65829,65830],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[47,65832,4723,65834],{"id":65833},"when-to-use-index",[18,65835,58727],{},[14,65837,204,65838,1193],{},[18,65839,58727],{},[26,65841,65842,65845,65848],{},[29,65843,65844],{},"You need the position of a known value",[29,65846,65847],{},"You are working with a small list",[29,65849,65850],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,65852,65853],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[47,65855,1620],{"id":1619},[408,65857,4905,65859,4908],{"id":65858},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[18,65860,64611],{},[14,65862,65863],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[408,65865,12459,65867,4924,65869,65871],{"id":65866},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[18,65868,64611],{},[18,65870,65600],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,65873,65874,65875,6391],{},"No. It raises ",[18,65876,40461],{},[408,65878,4933,65880,65882],{"id":65879},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[18,65881,64611],{}," find all matching items?",[14,65884,65885],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[408,65887,65889,65890,2251],{"id":65888},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[18,65891,58727],{},[14,65893,65894,65895,4154,65897,65899],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[18,65896,35829],{},[18,65898,52418],{}," arguments.",[47,65901,1664],{"id":1663},[26,65903,65904,65908,65912,65916],{},[29,65905,65906],{},[235,65907,58715],{"href":65041},[29,65909,65910],{},[235,65911,52529],{"href":54328},[29,65913,65914],{},[235,65915,65585],{"href":65584},[29,65917,65918],{},[235,65919,55278,65920,10492],{"href":58786},[18,65921,57049],{},[1693,65923,65924],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":65926},[65927,65928,65930,65931,65932,65933,65934,65936,65937,65938,65940,65950],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":64708,"depth":97,"text":65929},"What list.index() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":37776,"depth":97,"text":37777},{"id":64916,"depth":97,"text":64917},{"id":65045,"depth":97,"text":65046},{"id":65152,"depth":97,"text":65935},"Using start and end",{"id":65375,"depth":97,"text":65376},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280},{"id":65833,"depth":97,"text":65939},"When to use index()",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":65941},[65942,65944,65946,65948],{"id":65858,"depth":119,"text":65943},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65866,"depth":119,"text":65945},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65879,"depth":119,"text":65947},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65888,"depth":119,"text":65949},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64599,"description":65951},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65958,"title":65959,"body":65960,"description":67902,"extension":1727,"meta":67903,"navigation":122,"path":67904,"seo":67905,"stem":67906,"__hash__":67907},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65961,"toc":67862},[65962,65967,65972,65975,65984,66041,66047,66052,66056,66070,66076,66078,66101,66118,66120,66181,66183,66215,66228,66230,66233,66333,66335,66413,66419,66423,66431,66435,66441,66496,66498,66522,66526,66529,66582,66584,66608,66612,66615,66668,66670,66694,66698,66704,66775,66777,66818,66824,66831,66834,66839,66847,66852,66860,66862,66959,66961,67030,67037,67042,67044,67048,67053,67055,67126,67128,67157,67163,67165,67192,67195,67218,67222,67225,67247,67250,67273,67275,67335,67337,67369,67375,67380,67433,67435,67460,67463,67512,67514,67535,67539,67544,67547,67602,67604,67631,67638,67642,67647,67718,67721,67735,67740,67745,67747,67761,67773,67778,67780,67785,67790,67794,67797,67803,67809,67816,67824,67826,67859],[10,65963,54100,65965,11075],{"id":65964},"python-list-insert-method",[18,65966,54026],{},[14,65968,65969,65971],{},[18,65970,53669],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,65973,65974],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,65976,204,65977,65979,65980,244],{},[18,65978,54026],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[235,65981,55278,65982,10492],{"href":56527},[18,65983,52410],{},[52,65985,65987],{"className":54,"code":65986,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,65988,65989,66009,66027,66037],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65990,65991,65993,65995,65997,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65992,68],{"class":67},[61,65994,72],{"class":71},[61,65996,76],{"class":75},[61,65998,80],{"class":79},[61,66000,83],{"class":75},[61,66002,86],{"class":79},[61,66004,83],{"class":75},[61,66006,693],{"class":79},[61,66008,94],{"class":75},[61,66010,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66012,113],{"class":67},[61,66014,244],{"class":75},[61,66016,53709],{"class":112},[61,66018,109],{"class":75},[61,66020,1821],{"class":79},[61,66022,83],{"class":75},[61,66024,91],{"class":79},[61,66026,116],{"class":75},[61,66028,66029,66031,66033,66035],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,66030,130],{"class":129},[61,66032,109],{"class":75},[61,66034,113],{"class":112},[61,66036,116],{"class":75},[61,66038,66039],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,66040,52481],{"class":3420},[14,66042,204,66043,66046],{},[18,66044,66045],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[47,66048,3435,66050,3438],{"id":66049},"what-listinsert-does",[18,66051,53669],{},[14,66053,66054,824],{},[18,66055,53669],{},[26,66057,66058,66061,66064,66066],{},[29,66059,66060],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[29,66062,66063],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[29,66065,54186],{},[29,66067,11177,66068],{},[18,66069,3536],{},[14,66071,66072,66073,66075],{},"That last point is important. ",[18,66074,54026],{}," does not create a new list.",[47,66077,5192],{"id":5191},[52,66079,66081],{"className":54,"code":66080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[18,66082,66083],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66084,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66086,8096],{"class":67},[61,66088,244],{"class":75},[61,66090,53709],{"class":112},[61,66092,109],{"class":75},[61,66094,35602],{"class":112},[61,66096,83],{"class":75},[61,66098,29264],{"class":112},[61,66100,116],{"class":75},[26,66102,66103,66108,66113],{},[29,66104,66105,66107],{},[18,66106,35602],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[29,66109,66110,66112],{},[18,66111,23068],{}," is the value to add",[29,66114,66115,66116],{},"The first list position is index ",[18,66117,675],{},[14,66119,1109],{},[52,66121,66123],{"className":54,"code":66122,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66124,66125,66149,66171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66126,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66128,35847],{"class":67},[61,66130,72],{"class":71},[61,66132,76],{"class":75},[61,66134,816],{"class":190},[61,66136,235],{"class":194},[61,66138,816],{"class":190},[61,66140,83],{"class":75},[61,66142,522],{"class":190},[61,66144,573],{"class":194},[61,66146,816],{"class":190},[61,66148,94],{"class":75},[61,66150,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167,66169],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66152,35900],{"class":67},[61,66154,244],{"class":75},[61,66156,53709],{"class":112},[61,66158,109],{"class":75},[61,66160,80],{"class":79},[61,66162,83],{"class":75},[61,66164,522],{"class":190},[61,66166,1480],{"class":194},[61,66168,816],{"class":190},[61,66170,116],{"class":75},[61,66172,66173,66175,66177,66179],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,66174,130],{"class":129},[61,66176,109],{"class":75},[61,66178,35900],{"class":112},[61,66180,116],{"class":75},[14,66182,157],{},[52,66184,66185],{"className":54,"code":42633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,66186,66187],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66188,66189,66191,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207,66209,66211,66213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66190,3658],{"class":75},[61,66192,198],{"class":190},[61,66194,235],{"class":194},[61,66196,198],{"class":190},[61,66198,83],{"class":75},[61,66200,191],{"class":190},[61,66202,1480],{"class":194},[61,66204,198],{"class":190},[61,66206,83],{"class":75},[61,66208,191],{"class":190},[61,66210,573],{"class":194},[61,66212,198],{"class":190},[61,66214,94],{"class":75},[14,66216,20527,66217,66219,66220,66222,66223,4154,66225,244],{},[18,66218,65341],{}," is inserted at index ",[18,66221,80],{},", so it appears between ",[18,66224,17853],{},[18,66226,66227],{},"\"c\"",[47,66229,5546],{"id":5545},[14,66231,66232],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[52,66234,66236],{"className":54,"code":66235,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[18,66237,66238,66270,66288,66292,66314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66239,66240,66242,66244,66246,66248,66250,66252,66254,66256,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266,66268],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66241,12831],{"class":67},[61,66243,72],{"class":71},[61,66245,76],{"class":75},[61,66247,816],{"class":190},[61,66249,12848],{"class":194},[61,66251,816],{"class":190},[61,66253,83],{"class":75},[61,66255,522],{"class":190},[61,66257,12865],{"class":194},[61,66259,816],{"class":190},[61,66261,83],{"class":75},[61,66263,522],{"class":190},[61,66265,17212],{"class":194},[61,66267,816],{"class":190},[61,66269,94],{"class":75},[61,66271,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280,66282,66284,66286],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66273,130],{"class":129},[61,66275,109],{"class":75},[61,66277,816],{"class":190},[61,66279,11317],{"class":194},[61,66281,816],{"class":190},[61,66283,83],{"class":75},[61,66285,12879],{"class":112},[61,66287,116],{"class":75},[61,66289,66290],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,66291,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,66293,66294,66296,66298,66300,66302,66304,66306,66308,66310,66312],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,66295,17259],{"class":67},[61,66297,244],{"class":75},[61,66299,53709],{"class":112},[61,66301,109],{"class":75},[61,66303,80],{"class":79},[61,66305,83],{"class":75},[61,66307,522],{"class":190},[61,66309,22281],{"class":194},[61,66311,816],{"class":190},[61,66313,116],{"class":75},[61,66315,66316,66318,66320,66322,66325,66327,66329,66331],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,66317,130],{"class":129},[61,66319,109],{"class":75},[61,66321,816],{"class":190},[61,66323,66324],{"class":194},"After: ",[61,66326,816],{"class":190},[61,66328,83],{"class":75},[61,66330,12879],{"class":112},[61,66332,116],{"class":75},[14,66334,157],{},[52,66336,66338],{"className":54,"code":66337,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,66339,66340,66372],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66341,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66343,11377],{"class":67},[61,66345,824],{"class":75},[61,66347,76],{"class":75},[61,66349,198],{"class":190},[61,66351,12848],{"class":194},[61,66353,198],{"class":190},[61,66355,83],{"class":75},[61,66357,191],{"class":190},[61,66359,12865],{"class":194},[61,66361,198],{"class":190},[61,66363,83],{"class":75},[61,66365,191],{"class":190},[61,66367,17212],{"class":194},[61,66369,198],{"class":190},[61,66371,94],{"class":75},[61,66373,66374,66376,66378,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66375,11430],{"class":67},[61,66377,824],{"class":75},[61,66379,66380],{"class":75},"  [",[61,66382,198],{"class":190},[61,66384,12848],{"class":194},[61,66386,198],{"class":190},[61,66388,83],{"class":75},[61,66390,191],{"class":190},[61,66392,22281],{"class":194},[61,66394,198],{"class":190},[61,66396,83],{"class":75},[61,66398,191],{"class":190},[61,66400,12865],{"class":194},[61,66402,198],{"class":190},[61,66404,83],{"class":75},[61,66406,191],{"class":190},[61,66408,17212],{"class":194},[61,66410,198],{"class":190},[61,66412,94],{"class":75},[14,66414,66415,66416,66418],{},"The new value appears at index ",[18,66417,80],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[47,66420,66422],{"id":66421},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66424,1744,66425,35085,66427,66430],{},[18,66426,35602],{},[18,66428,66429],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[408,66432,66434],{"id":66433},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66436,66437,66438,66440],{},"Use index ",[18,66439,675],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[52,66442,66444],{"className":54,"code":66443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66445,66446,66467,66486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66447,66448,66451,66453,66455,66457,66459,66461,66463,66465],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66449,66450],{"class":67},"nums ",[61,66452,72],{"class":71},[61,66454,76],{"class":75},[61,66456,1821],{"class":79},[61,66458,83],{"class":75},[61,66460,91],{"class":79},[61,66462,83],{"class":75},[61,66464,693],{"class":79},[61,66466,94],{"class":75},[61,66468,66469,66472,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66470,66471],{"class":67},"nums",[61,66473,244],{"class":75},[61,66475,53709],{"class":112},[61,66477,109],{"class":75},[61,66479,675],{"class":79},[61,66481,83],{"class":75},[61,66483,680],{"class":79},[61,66485,116],{"class":75},[61,66487,66488,66490,66492,66494],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,66489,130],{"class":129},[61,66491,109],{"class":75},[61,66493,66471],{"class":112},[61,66495,116],{"class":75},[14,66497,157],{},[52,66499,66500],{"className":54,"code":53263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,66501,66502],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66503,66504,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514,66516,66518,66520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66505,3658],{"class":75},[61,66507,80],{"class":79},[61,66509,83],{"class":75},[61,66511,86],{"class":79},[61,66513,83],{"class":75},[61,66515,91],{"class":79},[61,66517,83],{"class":75},[61,66519,693],{"class":79},[61,66521,94],{"class":75},[408,66523,66525],{"id":66524},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66527,66528],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[52,66530,66532],{"className":54,"code":66531,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66533,66534,66554,66572],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66535,66536,66538,66540,66542,66544,66546,66548,66550,66552],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66537,66450],{"class":67},[61,66539,72],{"class":71},[61,66541,76],{"class":75},[61,66543,80],{"class":79},[61,66545,83],{"class":75},[61,66547,86],{"class":79},[61,66549,83],{"class":75},[61,66551,693],{"class":79},[61,66553,94],{"class":75},[61,66555,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66557,66471],{"class":67},[61,66559,244],{"class":75},[61,66561,53709],{"class":112},[61,66563,109],{"class":75},[61,66565,1821],{"class":79},[61,66567,83],{"class":75},[61,66569,91],{"class":79},[61,66571,116],{"class":75},[61,66573,66574,66576,66578,66580],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,66575,130],{"class":129},[61,66577,109],{"class":75},[61,66579,66471],{"class":112},[61,66581,116],{"class":75},[14,66583,157],{},[52,66585,66586],{"className":54,"code":53263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,66587,66588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66589,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66591,3658],{"class":75},[61,66593,80],{"class":79},[61,66595,83],{"class":75},[61,66597,86],{"class":79},[61,66599,83],{"class":75},[61,66601,91],{"class":79},[61,66603,83],{"class":75},[61,66605,693],{"class":79},[61,66607,94],{"class":75},[408,66609,66611],{"id":66610},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66613,66614],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[52,66616,66618],{"className":54,"code":66617,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66619,66620,66640,66658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66621,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66623,66450],{"class":67},[61,66625,72],{"class":71},[61,66627,76],{"class":75},[61,66629,80],{"class":79},[61,66631,83],{"class":75},[61,66633,86],{"class":79},[61,66635,83],{"class":75},[61,66637,91],{"class":79},[61,66639,94],{"class":75},[61,66641,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654,66656],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66643,66471],{"class":67},[61,66645,244],{"class":75},[61,66647,53709],{"class":112},[61,66649,109],{"class":75},[61,66651,430],{"class":79},[61,66653,83],{"class":75},[61,66655,693],{"class":79},[61,66657,116],{"class":75},[61,66659,66660,66662,66664,66666],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,66661,130],{"class":129},[61,66663,109],{"class":75},[61,66665,66471],{"class":112},[61,66667,116],{"class":75},[14,66669,157],{},[52,66671,66672],{"className":54,"code":53263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,66673,66674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66675,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688,66690,66692],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66677,3658],{"class":75},[61,66679,80],{"class":79},[61,66681,83],{"class":75},[61,66683,86],{"class":79},[61,66685,83],{"class":75},[61,66687,91],{"class":79},[61,66689,83],{"class":75},[61,66691,693],{"class":79},[61,66693,94],{"class":75},[408,66695,66697],{"id":66696},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66699,66700,66701,66703],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[18,66702,54026],{}," places the item before that position.",[52,66705,66707],{"className":54,"code":66706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66708,66709,66741,66765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66710,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66712,35847],{"class":67},[61,66714,72],{"class":71},[61,66716,76],{"class":75},[61,66718,816],{"class":190},[61,66720,235],{"class":194},[61,66722,816],{"class":190},[61,66724,83],{"class":75},[61,66726,522],{"class":190},[61,66728,1480],{"class":194},[61,66730,816],{"class":190},[61,66732,83],{"class":75},[61,66734,522],{"class":190},[61,66736,18523],{"class":194},[61,66738,816],{"class":190},[61,66740,94],{"class":75},[61,66742,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66744,35900],{"class":67},[61,66746,244],{"class":75},[61,66748,53709],{"class":112},[61,66750,109],{"class":75},[61,66752,1786],{"class":71},[61,66754,80],{"class":79},[61,66756,83],{"class":75},[61,66758,522],{"class":190},[61,66760,573],{"class":194},[61,66762,816],{"class":190},[61,66764,116],{"class":75},[61,66766,66767,66769,66771,66773],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,66768,130],{"class":129},[61,66770,109],{"class":75},[61,66772,35900],{"class":112},[61,66774,116],{"class":75},[14,66776,157],{},[52,66778,66780],{"className":54,"code":66779,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,66781,66782],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66783,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66785,3658],{"class":75},[61,66787,198],{"class":190},[61,66789,235],{"class":194},[61,66791,198],{"class":190},[61,66793,83],{"class":75},[61,66795,191],{"class":190},[61,66797,1480],{"class":194},[61,66799,198],{"class":190},[61,66801,83],{"class":75},[61,66803,191],{"class":190},[61,66805,573],{"class":194},[61,66807,198],{"class":190},[61,66809,83],{"class":75},[61,66811,191],{"class":190},[61,66813,18523],{"class":194},[61,66815,198],{"class":190},[61,66817,94],{"class":75},[14,66819,66820,66821,2065],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[235,66822,66823],{"href":50737},"Python lists beginner guide",[47,66825,66827,10337,66829],{"id":66826},"insert-vs-append",[18,66828,54026],{},[18,66830,52410],{},[14,66832,66833],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[408,66835,204,66837,1193],{"id":66836},"use-insert-when",[18,66838,54026],{},[26,66840,66841,66844],{},[29,66842,66843],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[29,66845,66846],{},"The order of the list matters",[408,66848,204,66850,1193],{"id":66849},"use-append-when",[18,66851,52410],{},[26,66853,66854,66857],{},[29,66855,66856],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[29,66858,66859],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,66861,1109],{},[52,66863,66865],{"className":54,"code":66864,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,66866,66867,66891,66895,66917,66927,66931,66949],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66868,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66870,7539],{"class":67},[61,66872,72],{"class":71},[61,66874,76],{"class":75},[61,66876,816],{"class":190},[61,66878,3838],{"class":194},[61,66880,816],{"class":190},[61,66882,83],{"class":75},[61,66884,522],{"class":190},[61,66886,32976],{"class":194},[61,66888,816],{"class":190},[61,66890,94],{"class":75},[61,66892,66893],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66894,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,66896,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907,66909,66911,66913,66915],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,66898,993],{"class":67},[61,66900,244],{"class":75},[61,66902,53709],{"class":112},[61,66904,109],{"class":75},[61,66906,80],{"class":79},[61,66908,83],{"class":75},[61,66910,522],{"class":190},[61,66912,3847],{"class":194},[61,66914,816],{"class":190},[61,66916,116],{"class":75},[61,66918,66919,66921,66923,66925],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,66920,130],{"class":129},[61,66922,109],{"class":75},[61,66924,993],{"class":112},[61,66926,116],{"class":75},[61,66928,66929],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,66930,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,66932,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945,66947],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,66934,993],{"class":67},[61,66936,244],{"class":75},[61,66938,13308],{"class":112},[61,66940,109],{"class":75},[61,66942,816],{"class":190},[61,66944,22290],{"class":194},[61,66946,816],{"class":190},[61,66948,116],{"class":75},[61,66950,66951,66953,66955,66957],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,66952,130],{"class":129},[61,66954,109],{"class":75},[61,66956,993],{"class":112},[61,66958,116],{"class":75},[14,66960,157],{},[52,66962,66964],{"className":54,"code":66963,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,66965,66966,66994],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66967,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66969,3658],{"class":75},[61,66971,198],{"class":190},[61,66973,3838],{"class":194},[61,66975,198],{"class":190},[61,66977,83],{"class":75},[61,66979,191],{"class":190},[61,66981,3847],{"class":194},[61,66983,198],{"class":190},[61,66985,83],{"class":75},[61,66987,191],{"class":190},[61,66989,32976],{"class":194},[61,66991,198],{"class":190},[61,66993,94],{"class":75},[61,66995,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,66997,3658],{"class":75},[61,66999,198],{"class":190},[61,67001,3838],{"class":194},[61,67003,198],{"class":190},[61,67005,83],{"class":75},[61,67007,191],{"class":190},[61,67009,3847],{"class":194},[61,67011,198],{"class":190},[61,67013,83],{"class":75},[61,67015,191],{"class":190},[61,67017,32976],{"class":194},[61,67019,198],{"class":190},[61,67021,83],{"class":75},[61,67023,191],{"class":190},[61,67025,22290],{"class":194},[61,67027,198],{"class":190},[61,67029,94],{"class":75},[14,67031,67032,67033,244],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[235,67034,55278,67035,10492],{"href":56527},[18,67036,52410],{},[14,67038,67039,67040,244],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[235,67041,52807],{"href":52806},[47,67043,4280],{"id":4279},[14,67045,14488,67046,244],{},[18,67047,54026],{},[408,67049,12349,67051],{"id":67050},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[18,67052,54026],{},[14,67054,25447],{},[52,67056,67058],{"className":54,"code":67057,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67059,67060,67080,67102,67106,67116],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67061,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67063,68],{"class":67},[61,67065,72],{"class":71},[61,67067,76],{"class":75},[61,67069,80],{"class":79},[61,67071,83],{"class":75},[61,67073,86],{"class":79},[61,67075,83],{"class":75},[61,67077,91],{"class":79},[61,67079,94],{"class":75},[61,67081,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67083,100],{"class":67},[61,67085,72],{"class":71},[61,67087,4023],{"class":67},[61,67089,244],{"class":75},[61,67091,53709],{"class":112},[61,67093,109],{"class":75},[61,67095,80],{"class":79},[61,67097,83],{"class":75},[61,67099,9949],{"class":79},[61,67101,116],{"class":75},[61,67103,67104],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,67105,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,67107,67108,67110,67112,67114],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,67109,130],{"class":129},[61,67111,109],{"class":75},[61,67113,135],{"class":112},[61,67115,116],{"class":75},[61,67117,67118,67120,67122,67124],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,67119,130],{"class":129},[61,67121,109],{"class":75},[61,67123,113],{"class":112},[61,67125,116],{"class":75},[14,67127,157],{},[52,67129,67131],{"className":54,"code":67130,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67132,67133,67137],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67134,67135],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67136,11562],{"class":3609},[61,67138,67139,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67140,3658],{"class":75},[61,67142,80],{"class":79},[61,67144,83],{"class":75},[61,67146,9949],{"class":79},[61,67148,83],{"class":75},[61,67150,86],{"class":79},[61,67152,83],{"class":75},[61,67154,91],{"class":79},[61,67156,94],{"class":75},[14,67158,67159,53911,67161,244],{},[18,67160,54026],{},[18,67162,3536],{},[14,67164,16400],{},[52,67166,67168],{"className":54,"code":67167,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67169,67170],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67171,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67173,55648],{"class":67},[61,67175,72],{"class":71},[61,67177,4023],{"class":67},[61,67179,244],{"class":75},[61,67181,53709],{"class":112},[61,67183,109],{"class":75},[61,67185,80],{"class":79},[61,67187,83],{"class":75},[61,67189,9949],{"class":79},[61,67191,116],{"class":75},[14,67193,67194],{},"Right:",[52,67196,67198],{"className":54,"code":67197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67199,67200],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67201,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67203,113],{"class":67},[61,67205,244],{"class":75},[61,67207,53709],{"class":112},[61,67209,109],{"class":75},[61,67211,80],{"class":79},[61,67213,83],{"class":75},[61,67215,9949],{"class":79},[61,67217,116],{"class":75},[408,67219,67221],{"id":67220},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67223,67224],{},"The correct order is:",[52,67226,67227],{"className":54,"code":66080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,67228,67229],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67230,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67232,8096],{"class":67},[61,67234,244],{"class":75},[61,67236,53709],{"class":112},[61,67238,109],{"class":75},[61,67240,35602],{"class":112},[61,67242,83],{"class":75},[61,67244,29264],{"class":112},[61,67246,116],{"class":75},[14,67248,67249],{},"Not:",[52,67251,67253],{"className":54,"code":67252,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[18,67254,67255],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67256,67257,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67258,8096],{"class":67},[61,67260,244],{"class":75},[61,67262,53709],{"class":112},[61,67264,109],{"class":75},[61,67266,23068],{"class":112},[61,67268,83],{"class":75},[61,67270,35577],{"class":112},[61,67272,116],{"class":75},[14,67274,1109],{},[52,67276,67277],{"className":54,"code":66122,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,67278,67279,67303,67325],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67280,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67282,35847],{"class":67},[61,67284,72],{"class":71},[61,67286,76],{"class":75},[61,67288,816],{"class":190},[61,67290,235],{"class":194},[61,67292,816],{"class":190},[61,67294,83],{"class":75},[61,67296,522],{"class":190},[61,67298,573],{"class":194},[61,67300,816],{"class":190},[61,67302,94],{"class":75},[61,67304,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67306,35900],{"class":67},[61,67308,244],{"class":75},[61,67310,53709],{"class":112},[61,67312,109],{"class":75},[61,67314,80],{"class":79},[61,67316,83],{"class":75},[61,67318,522],{"class":190},[61,67320,1480],{"class":194},[61,67322,816],{"class":190},[61,67324,116],{"class":75},[61,67326,67327,67329,67331,67333],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,67328,130],{"class":129},[61,67330,109],{"class":75},[61,67332,35900],{"class":112},[61,67334,116],{"class":75},[14,67336,157],{},[52,67338,67339],{"className":54,"code":42633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,67340,67341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67342,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361,67363,67365,67367],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67344,3658],{"class":75},[61,67346,198],{"class":190},[61,67348,235],{"class":194},[61,67350,198],{"class":190},[61,67352,83],{"class":75},[61,67354,191],{"class":190},[61,67356,1480],{"class":194},[61,67358,198],{"class":190},[61,67360,83],{"class":75},[61,67362,191],{"class":190},[61,67364,573],{"class":194},[61,67366,198],{"class":190},[61,67368,94],{"class":75},[408,67370,8211,67372,67374],{"id":67371},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[18,67373,54026],{}," to replace an item",[14,67376,67377,67379],{},[18,67378,54026],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[52,67381,67383],{"className":54,"code":67382,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67384,67385,67405,67423],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67386,67387,67389,67391,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67388,68],{"class":67},[61,67390,72],{"class":71},[61,67392,76],{"class":75},[61,67394,80],{"class":79},[61,67396,83],{"class":75},[61,67398,86],{"class":79},[61,67400,83],{"class":75},[61,67402,91],{"class":79},[61,67404,94],{"class":75},[61,67406,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417,67419,67421],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67408,113],{"class":67},[61,67410,244],{"class":75},[61,67412,53709],{"class":112},[61,67414,109],{"class":75},[61,67416,80],{"class":79},[61,67418,83],{"class":75},[61,67420,9949],{"class":79},[61,67422,116],{"class":75},[61,67424,67425,67427,67429,67431],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,67426,130],{"class":129},[61,67428,109],{"class":75},[61,67430,113],{"class":112},[61,67432,116],{"class":75},[14,67434,157],{},[52,67436,67438],{"className":54,"code":67437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67439,67440],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67441,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450,67452,67454,67456,67458],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67443,3658],{"class":75},[61,67445,80],{"class":79},[61,67447,83],{"class":75},[61,67449,9949],{"class":79},[61,67451,83],{"class":75},[61,67453,86],{"class":79},[61,67455,83],{"class":75},[61,67457,91],{"class":79},[61,67459,94],{"class":75},[14,67461,67462],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[52,67464,67466],{"className":54,"code":67465,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67467,67468,67488,67502],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67469,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484,67486],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67471,68],{"class":67},[61,67473,72],{"class":71},[61,67475,76],{"class":75},[61,67477,80],{"class":79},[61,67479,83],{"class":75},[61,67481,86],{"class":79},[61,67483,83],{"class":75},[61,67485,91],{"class":79},[61,67487,94],{"class":75},[61,67489,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67491,113],{"class":67},[61,67493,3658],{"class":75},[61,67495,80],{"class":79},[61,67497,13028],{"class":75},[61,67499,13031],{"class":71},[61,67501,13885],{"class":79},[61,67503,67504,67506,67508,67510],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,67505,130],{"class":129},[61,67507,109],{"class":75},[61,67509,113],{"class":112},[61,67511,116],{"class":75},[14,67513,157],{},[52,67515,67517],{"className":54,"code":67516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[18,67518,67519],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67520,67521,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67522,3658],{"class":75},[61,67524,80],{"class":79},[61,67526,83],{"class":75},[61,67528,9949],{"class":79},[61,67530,83],{"class":75},[61,67532,91],{"class":79},[61,67534,94],{"class":75},[408,67536,67538],{"id":67537},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67540,67541,67543],{},[18,67542,54026],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67545,67546],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[52,67548,67550],{"className":54,"code":67549,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67551,67552,67568,67592],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67553,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67555,68],{"class":67},[61,67557,72],{"class":71},[61,67559,76],{"class":75},[61,67561,80],{"class":79},[61,67563,83],{"class":75},[61,67565,693],{"class":79},[61,67567,94],{"class":75},[61,67569,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67571,113],{"class":67},[61,67573,244],{"class":75},[61,67575,53709],{"class":112},[61,67577,109],{"class":75},[61,67579,80],{"class":79},[61,67581,83],{"class":75},[61,67583,76],{"class":75},[61,67585,1821],{"class":79},[61,67587,83],{"class":75},[61,67589,91],{"class":79},[61,67591,1137],{"class":75},[61,67593,67594,67596,67598,67600],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,67595,130],{"class":129},[61,67597,109],{"class":75},[61,67599,113],{"class":112},[61,67601,116],{"class":75},[14,67603,157],{},[52,67605,67607],{"className":54,"code":67606,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[18,67608,67609],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67610,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621,67623,67625,67627,67629],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67612,3658],{"class":75},[61,67614,80],{"class":79},[61,67616,83],{"class":75},[61,67618,76],{"class":75},[61,67620,1821],{"class":79},[61,67622,83],{"class":75},[61,67624,91],{"class":79},[61,67626,17819],{"class":75},[61,67628,693],{"class":79},[61,67630,94],{"class":75},[14,67632,67633,67634,244],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[235,67635,55278,67636,10492],{"href":53102},[18,67637,53204],{},[408,67639,67641],{"id":67640},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67643,8634,67644,67646],{},[18,67645,54026],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[52,67648,67650],{"className":54,"code":67649,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[18,67651,67652,67662,67676,67694,67708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67653,67654,67656,67658,67660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67655,130],{"class":129},[61,67657,109],{"class":75},[61,67659,8096],{"class":112},[61,67661,116],{"class":75},[61,67663,67664,67666,67668,67670,67672,67674],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67665,130],{"class":129},[61,67667,109],{"class":75},[61,67669,10914],{"class":129},[61,67671,109],{"class":75},[61,67673,8096],{"class":112},[61,67675,154],{"class":75},[61,67677,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,67679,130],{"class":129},[61,67681,109],{"class":75},[61,67683,8096],{"class":112},[61,67685,244],{"class":75},[61,67687,53709],{"class":24507},[61,67689,244],{"class":75},[61,67691,34202],{"class":34209},[61,67693,116],{"class":75},[61,67695,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,67697,31908],{"class":129},[61,67699,109],{"class":75},[61,67701,7852],{"class":105},[61,67703,244],{"class":75},[61,67705,53709],{"class":24507},[61,67707,116],{"class":75},[61,67709,67710,67712,67714,67716],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,67711,147],{"class":105},[61,67713,109],{"class":75},[61,67715,8096],{"class":112},[61,67717,116],{"class":75},[14,67719,67720],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[26,67722,67723,67726,67729,67732],{},[29,67724,67725],{},"What is currently in the list",[29,67727,67728],{},"How long the list is",[29,67730,67731],{},"That you are working with a real list",[29,67733,67734],{},"How Python describes the method",[47,67736,4723,67738],{"id":67737},"when-to-use-insert",[18,67739,54026],{},[14,67741,204,67742,67744],{},[18,67743,54026],{}," when position matters.",[14,67746,36182],{},[26,67748,67749,67752,67755,67758],{},[29,67750,67751],{},"Ordered menus",[29,67753,67754],{},"Rankings or score lists",[29,67756,67757],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[29,67759,67760],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,67762,67763,67764,67766,67767,67769,67770,67772],{},"You usually do ",[603,67765,605],{}," need ",[18,67768,54026],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[18,67771,52410],{}," is simpler.",[14,67774,67775,67776,244],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[235,67777,56913],{"href":56912},[47,67779,1620],{"id":1619},[408,67781,12459,67783,55227],{"id":67782},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[18,67784,53669],{},[14,67786,67787,67788,244],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[18,67789,3536],{},[408,67791,67793],{"id":67792},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,67795,67796],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[408,67798,4933,67800,67802],{"id":67799},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[18,67801,53669],{}," add multiple items?",[14,67804,67805,67806,67808],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[18,67807,53204],{}," or slicing.",[408,67810,4943,67812,4154,67814,2251],{"id":67811},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[18,67813,54026],{},[18,67815,52410],{},[14,67817,67818,67820,67821,67823],{},[18,67819,54026],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[18,67822,52410],{}," adds only at the end.",[47,67825,1664],{"id":1663},[26,67827,67828,67834,67840,67844,67848,67852],{},[29,67829,67830],{},[235,67831,55278,67832,10492],{"href":56527},[18,67833,52410],{},[29,67835,67836],{},[235,67837,55278,67838,10492],{"href":53102},[18,67839,53204],{},[29,67841,67842],{},[235,67843,54036],{"href":52806},[29,67845,67846],{},[235,67847,52529],{"href":50737},[29,67849,67850],{},[235,67851,56987],{"href":56912},[29,67853,67854],{},[235,67855,30102,67856,33389],{"href":54054},[18,67857,67858],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1693,67860,67861],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":67863},[67864,67866,67867,67868,67874,67881,67890,67892,67901],{"id":66049,"depth":97,"text":67865},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5191,"depth":97,"text":5192},{"id":5545,"depth":97,"text":5546},{"id":66421,"depth":97,"text":66422,"children":67869},[67870,67871,67872,67873],{"id":66433,"depth":119,"text":66434},{"id":66524,"depth":119,"text":66525},{"id":66610,"depth":119,"text":66611},{"id":66696,"depth":119,"text":66697},{"id":66826,"depth":97,"text":67875,"children":67876},"insert() vs append()",[67877,67879],{"id":66836,"depth":119,"text":67878},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66849,"depth":119,"text":67880},"Use append() when:",{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":67882},[67883,67885,67886,67888,67889],{"id":67050,"depth":119,"text":67884},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67220,"depth":119,"text":67221},{"id":67371,"depth":119,"text":67887},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67537,"depth":119,"text":67538},{"id":67640,"depth":119,"text":67641},{"id":67737,"depth":97,"text":67891},"When to use insert()",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":67893},[67894,67896,67897,67899],{"id":67782,"depth":119,"text":67895},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67792,"depth":119,"text":67793},{"id":67799,"depth":119,"text":67898},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67811,"depth":119,"text":67900},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65959,"description":67902},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67909,"title":67910,"body":67911,"description":69466,"extension":1727,"meta":69467,"navigation":122,"path":58732,"seo":69468,"stem":69469,"__hash__":69470},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67912,"toc":69439},[67913,67919,67928,67977,67979,67987,67993,67995,68013,68019,68024,68027,68030,68045,68047,68099,68101,68109,68117,68124,68126,68132,68197,68199,68207,68209,68228,68231,68282,68286,68291,68318,68320,68328,68331,68400,68402,68417,68423,68427,68436,68439,68494,68496,68504,68507,68509,68554,68556,68564,68570,68572,68580,68583,68585,68624,68626,68665,68670,68672,68674,68709,68712,68714,68752,68756,68762,68764,68815,68817,68825,68832,68835,68856,68859,68914,68925,68927,68988,68990,68999,69006,69012,69015,69018,69075,69078,69091,69098,69104,69110,69112,69125,69128,69225,69227,69244,69247,69329,69331,69353,69360,69366,69368,69372,69378,69384,69389,69393,69396,69402,69409,69411,69436],[10,67914,67916,67917,3417],{"id":67915},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[18,67918,10914],{},[14,67920,67921,67922,67924,67925,67927],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[18,67923,42118],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[18,67926,42118],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[52,67929,67931],{"className":54,"code":67930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[18,67932,67933,67953,67967],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67934,67935,67937,67939,67941,67943,67945,67947,67949,67951],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67936,68],{"class":67},[61,67938,72],{"class":71},[61,67940,76],{"class":75},[61,67942,430],{"class":79},[61,67944,83],{"class":75},[61,67946,435],{"class":79},[61,67948,83],{"class":75},[61,67950,440],{"class":79},[61,67952,94],{"class":75},[61,67954,67955,67957,67959,67961,67963,67965],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,67956,40998],{"class":67},[61,67958,72],{"class":71},[61,67960,38142],{"class":129},[61,67962,109],{"class":75},[61,67964,113],{"class":112},[61,67966,116],{"class":75},[61,67968,67969,67971,67973,67975],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,67970,130],{"class":129},[61,67972,109],{"class":75},[61,67974,41016],{"class":112},[61,67976,116],{"class":75},[14,67978,157],{},[52,67980,67981],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,67982,67983],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67984,67985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67986,46375],{"class":79},[14,67988,204,67989,67992],{},[18,67990,67991],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[47,67994,14918],{"id":14917},[26,67996,67997,68002,68007,68010],{},[29,67998,3958,67999,68001],{},[18,68000,42118],{}," works with Python lists",[29,68003,68004,68005,11459],{},"What value ",[18,68006,42118],{},[29,68008,68009],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[29,68011,68012],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[47,68014,3435,68016,68018],{"id":68015},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[18,68017,42118],{}," returns for a list",[14,68020,68021,64831],{},[18,68022,68023],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68025,68026],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68028,68029],{},"A few important points:",[26,68031,68032,68035,68040],{},[29,68033,68034],{},"It counts list items",[29,68036,1386,68037,68039],{},[603,68038,605],{}," count characters inside a string item",[29,68041,68042,68043],{},"An empty list returns ",[18,68044,675],{},[14,68046,1109],{},[52,68048,68050],{"className":54,"code":68049,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,68051,68052,68085],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68053,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064,68066,68068,68070,68073,68075,68077,68079,68081,68083],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68055,3829],{"class":67},[61,68057,72],{"class":71},[61,68059,76],{"class":75},[61,68061,816],{"class":190},[61,68063,525],{"class":194},[61,68065,816],{"class":190},[61,68067,83],{"class":75},[61,68069,522],{"class":190},[61,68071,68072],{"class":194},"elephant",[61,68074,816],{"class":190},[61,68076,83],{"class":75},[61,68078,522],{"class":190},[61,68080,57886],{"class":194},[61,68082,816],{"class":190},[61,68084,94],{"class":75},[61,68086,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68088,130],{"class":129},[61,68090,109],{"class":75},[61,68092,10914],{"class":129},[61,68094,109],{"class":75},[61,68096,3873],{"class":112},[61,68098,154],{"class":75},[14,68100,157],{},[52,68102,68103],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,68104,68105],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68106,68107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68108,46375],{"class":79},[14,68110,20734,68111,68114,68115,64838],{},[18,68112,68113],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[603,68116,52414],{},[14,68118,68119,68120,244],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[235,68121,3332,68122,3265],{"href":42115},[18,68123,42118],{},[47,68125,5546],{"id":5545},[14,68127,68128,68129,68131],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[18,68130,42118],{},", and print the result.",[52,68133,68135],{"className":54,"code":68134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,68136,68137,68169,68183,68187],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68138,68139,68141,68143,68145,68147,68149,68151,68153,68155,68157,68159,68161,68163,68165,68167],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68140,12831],{"class":67},[61,68142,72],{"class":71},[61,68144,76],{"class":75},[61,68146,816],{"class":190},[61,68148,12848],{"class":194},[61,68150,816],{"class":190},[61,68152,83],{"class":75},[61,68154,522],{"class":190},[61,68156,17212],{"class":194},[61,68158,816],{"class":190},[61,68160,83],{"class":75},[61,68162,522],{"class":190},[61,68164,12865],{"class":194},[61,68166,816],{"class":190},[61,68168,94],{"class":75},[61,68170,68171,68173,68175,68177,68179,68181],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68172,40998],{"class":67},[61,68174,72],{"class":71},[61,68176,38142],{"class":129},[61,68178,109],{"class":75},[61,68180,17259],{"class":112},[61,68182,116],{"class":75},[61,68184,68185],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,68186,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,68188,68189,68191,68193,68195],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,68190,130],{"class":129},[61,68192,109],{"class":75},[61,68194,41016],{"class":112},[61,68196,116],{"class":75},[14,68198,157],{},[52,68200,68201],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,68202,68203],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68204,68205],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68206,46375],{"class":79},[14,68208,11437],{},[26,68210,68211,68216,68223],{},[29,68212,68213,68215],{},[18,68214,17259],{}," is a list with 3 items",[29,68217,68218,2158,68221],{},[18,68219,68220],{},"len(colors)",[18,68222,1827],{},[29,68224,68225,68226],{},"That value is stored in ",[18,68227,41016],{},[14,68229,68230],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[52,68232,68234],{"className":54,"code":68233,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,68235,68236,68268],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68237,68238,68240,68242,68244,68246,68248,68250,68252,68254,68256,68258,68260,68262,68264,68266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68239,12831],{"class":67},[61,68241,72],{"class":71},[61,68243,76],{"class":75},[61,68245,816],{"class":190},[61,68247,12848],{"class":194},[61,68249,816],{"class":190},[61,68251,83],{"class":75},[61,68253,522],{"class":190},[61,68255,17212],{"class":194},[61,68257,816],{"class":190},[61,68259,83],{"class":75},[61,68261,522],{"class":190},[61,68263,12865],{"class":194},[61,68265,816],{"class":190},[61,68267,94],{"class":75},[61,68269,68270,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68271,130],{"class":129},[61,68273,109],{"class":75},[61,68275,10914],{"class":129},[61,68277,109],{"class":75},[61,68279,17259],{"class":112},[61,68281,154],{"class":75},[47,68283,68285],{"id":68284},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68287,68288,68289,244],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[18,68290,675],{},[52,68292,68294],{"className":54,"code":68293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,68295,68296,68304],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68297,68298,68300,68302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68299,7539],{"class":67},[61,68301,72],{"class":71},[61,68303,7596],{"class":75},[61,68305,68306,68308,68310,68312,68314,68316],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68307,130],{"class":129},[61,68309,109],{"class":75},[61,68311,10914],{"class":129},[61,68313,109],{"class":75},[61,68315,993],{"class":112},[61,68317,154],{"class":75},[14,68319,157],{},[52,68321,68322],{"className":54,"code":47010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,68323,68324],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68325,68326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68327,47010],{"class":79},[14,68329,68330],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[52,68332,68334],{"className":54,"code":68333,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,68335,68336,68344,68348,68366,68380,68386],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68337,68338,68340,68342],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68339,7539],{"class":67},[61,68341,72],{"class":71},[61,68343,7596],{"class":75},[61,68345,68346],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68347,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,68349,68350,68352,68354,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,68351,6758],{"class":3634},[61,68353,38142],{"class":129},[61,68355,109],{"class":75},[61,68357,993],{"class":112},[61,68359,3417],{"class":75},[61,68361,38152],{"class":71},[61,68363,3591],{"class":79},[61,68365,6152],{"class":75},[61,68367,68368,68370,68372,68374,68376,68378],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,68369,7827],{"class":129},[61,68371,109],{"class":75},[61,68373,993],{"class":112},[61,68375,3658],{"class":75},[61,68377,675],{"class":79},[61,68379,1137],{"class":75},[61,68381,68382,68384],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,68383,27190],{"class":3634},[61,68385,6152],{"class":75},[61,68387,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,68389,7827],{"class":129},[61,68391,109],{"class":75},[61,68393,816],{"class":190},[61,68395,51574],{"class":194},[61,68397,816],{"class":190},[61,68399,116],{"class":75},[14,68401,157],{},[52,68403,68405],{"className":54,"code":68404,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The list is empty\n",[18,68406,68407],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68408,68409,68411,68413,68415],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68410,1744],{"class":67},[61,68412,7852],{"class":105},[61,68414,1287],{"class":71},[61,68416,7859],{"class":67},[14,68418,68419,68420,68422],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[235,68421,52529],{"href":50737}," is a good next step.",[47,68424,68426],{"id":68425},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68428,68429,68431,68432,68435],{},[18,68430,42118],{}," counts only the ",[603,68433,68434],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68437,68438],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[52,68440,68442],{"className":54,"code":68441,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,68443,68444,68480],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68445,68446,68448,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458,68460,68462,68464,68466,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68447,1459],{"class":67},[61,68449,72],{"class":71},[61,68451,56052],{"class":75},[61,68453,80],{"class":79},[61,68455,83],{"class":75},[61,68457,86],{"class":79},[61,68459,17819],{"class":75},[61,68461,76],{"class":75},[61,68463,1827],{"class":79},[61,68465,83],{"class":75},[61,68467,693],{"class":79},[61,68469,17819],{"class":75},[61,68471,76],{"class":75},[61,68473,645],{"class":79},[61,68475,83],{"class":75},[61,68477,37400],{"class":79},[61,68479,53000],{"class":75},[61,68481,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68483,130],{"class":129},[61,68485,109],{"class":75},[61,68487,10914],{"class":129},[61,68489,109],{"class":75},[61,68491,1501],{"class":112},[61,68493,154],{"class":75},[14,68495,157],{},[52,68497,68498],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,68499,68500],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68501,68502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68503,46375],{"class":79},[14,68505,68506],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68508,51838],{},[52,68510,68512],{"className":54,"code":68511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,68513,68514,68540],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68515,68516,68518,68520,68522,68524,68526,68528,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68517,59232],{"class":67},[61,68519,72],{"class":71},[61,68521,76],{"class":75},[61,68523,80],{"class":79},[61,68525,83],{"class":75},[61,68527,76],{"class":75},[61,68529,1821],{"class":79},[61,68531,83],{"class":75},[61,68533,91],{"class":79},[61,68535,17819],{"class":75},[61,68537,693],{"class":79},[61,68539,94],{"class":75},[61,68541,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68543,130],{"class":129},[61,68545,109],{"class":75},[61,68547,10914],{"class":129},[61,68549,109],{"class":75},[61,68551,59285],{"class":112},[61,68553,154],{"class":75},[14,68555,157],{},[52,68557,68558],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,68559,68560],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68561,68562],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68563,46375],{"class":79},[14,68565,20734,68566,68569],{},[18,68567,68568],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[47,68571,4280],{"id":4279},[408,68573,8175,68575,10844,68578],{"id":68574},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[18,68576,68577],{},"my_list.len()",[18,68579,68023],{},[14,68581,68582],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68584,16400],{},[52,68586,68588],{"className":54,"code":68587,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[18,68589,68590,68610],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68591,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68593,68],{"class":67},[61,68595,72],{"class":71},[61,68597,76],{"class":75},[61,68599,430],{"class":79},[61,68601,83],{"class":75},[61,68603,435],{"class":79},[61,68605,83],{"class":75},[61,68607,440],{"class":79},[61,68609,94],{"class":75},[61,68611,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68613,130],{"class":129},[61,68615,109],{"class":75},[61,68617,113],{"class":112},[61,68619,244],{"class":75},[61,68621,10914],{"class":112},[61,68623,6955],{"class":75},[14,68625,16412],{},[52,68627,68629],{"className":54,"code":68628,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,68630,68631,68651],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68632,68633,68635,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647,68649],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68634,68],{"class":67},[61,68636,72],{"class":71},[61,68638,76],{"class":75},[61,68640,430],{"class":79},[61,68642,83],{"class":75},[61,68644,435],{"class":79},[61,68646,83],{"class":75},[61,68648,440],{"class":79},[61,68650,94],{"class":75},[61,68652,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68654,130],{"class":129},[61,68656,109],{"class":75},[61,68658,10914],{"class":129},[61,68660,109],{"class":75},[61,68662,113],{"class":112},[61,68664,154],{"class":75},[14,68666,68667,68669],{},[18,68668,42118],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[408,68671,25444],{"id":25443},[14,68673,16400],{},[52,68675,68677],{"className":54,"code":68676,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[18,68678,68679,68699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68680,68681,68683,68685,68687,68689,68691,68693,68695,68697],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68682,68],{"class":67},[61,68684,72],{"class":71},[61,68686,76],{"class":75},[61,68688,430],{"class":79},[61,68690,83],{"class":75},[61,68692,435],{"class":79},[61,68694,83],{"class":75},[61,68696,440],{"class":79},[61,68698,94],{"class":75},[61,68700,68701,68703,68705,68707],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68702,130],{"class":129},[61,68704,109],{"class":75},[61,68706,10914],{"class":129},[61,68708,116],{"class":75},[14,68710,68711],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,68713,16412],{},[52,68715,68716],{"className":54,"code":68628,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,68717,68718,68738],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68719,68720,68722,68724,68726,68728,68730,68732,68734,68736],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68721,68],{"class":67},[61,68723,72],{"class":71},[61,68725,76],{"class":75},[61,68727,430],{"class":79},[61,68729,83],{"class":75},[61,68731,435],{"class":79},[61,68733,83],{"class":75},[61,68735,440],{"class":79},[61,68737,94],{"class":75},[61,68739,68740,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68741,130],{"class":129},[61,68743,109],{"class":75},[61,68745,10914],{"class":129},[61,68747,109],{"class":75},[61,68749,113],{"class":112},[61,68751,154],{"class":75},[408,68753,68755],{"id":68754},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,68757,68758,68759,68761],{},"The length of a list is ",[603,68760,605],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,68763,1109],{},[52,68765,68767],{"className":54,"code":68766,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[18,68768,68769,68801],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68770,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68772,35847],{"class":67},[61,68774,72],{"class":71},[61,68776,76],{"class":75},[61,68778,816],{"class":190},[61,68780,235],{"class":194},[61,68782,816],{"class":190},[61,68784,83],{"class":75},[61,68786,522],{"class":190},[61,68788,1480],{"class":194},[61,68790,816],{"class":190},[61,68792,83],{"class":75},[61,68794,522],{"class":190},[61,68796,573],{"class":194},[61,68798,816],{"class":190},[61,68800,94],{"class":75},[61,68802,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68804,130],{"class":129},[61,68806,109],{"class":75},[61,68808,10914],{"class":129},[61,68810,109],{"class":75},[61,68812,35900],{"class":112},[61,68814,154],{"class":75},[14,68816,157],{},[52,68818,68819],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,68820,68821],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68822,68823],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68824,46375],{"class":79},[14,68826,68827,68828,18719,68830,244],{},"But the last index is ",[18,68829,1821],{},[18,68831,1827],{},[14,68833,68834],{},"Indexes are:",[26,68836,68837,68844,68850],{},[29,68838,68839,68841,68842],{},[18,68840,675],{}," for ",[18,68843,17853],{},[29,68845,68846,68841,68848],{},[18,68847,80],{},[18,68849,65341],{},[29,68851,68852,68841,68854],{},[18,68853,1821],{},[18,68855,66227],{},[14,68857,68858],{},"So this causes an error:",[52,68860,68862],{"className":54,"code":68861,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[18,68863,68864,68896],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68865,68866,68868,68870,68872,68874,68876,68878,68880,68882,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68867,35847],{"class":67},[61,68869,72],{"class":71},[61,68871,76],{"class":75},[61,68873,816],{"class":190},[61,68875,235],{"class":194},[61,68877,816],{"class":190},[61,68879,83],{"class":75},[61,68881,522],{"class":190},[61,68883,1480],{"class":194},[61,68885,816],{"class":190},[61,68887,83],{"class":75},[61,68889,522],{"class":190},[61,68891,573],{"class":194},[61,68893,816],{"class":190},[61,68895,94],{"class":75},[61,68897,68898,68900,68902,68904,68906,68908,68910,68912],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68899,130],{"class":129},[61,68901,109],{"class":75},[61,68903,35900],{"class":112},[61,68905,3658],{"class":75},[61,68907,10914],{"class":129},[61,68909,109],{"class":75},[61,68911,35900],{"class":112},[61,68913,10430],{"class":75},[14,68915,8254,68916,4545,68919,68921,68922,68924],{},[18,68917,68918],{},"len(letters)",[18,68920,1827],{},", and index ",[18,68923,1827],{}," does not exist.",[14,68926,18596],{},[52,68928,68930],{"className":54,"code":68929,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[18,68931,68932,68964],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68933,68934,68936,68938,68940,68942,68944,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68935,35847],{"class":67},[61,68937,72],{"class":71},[61,68939,76],{"class":75},[61,68941,816],{"class":190},[61,68943,235],{"class":194},[61,68945,816],{"class":190},[61,68947,83],{"class":75},[61,68949,522],{"class":190},[61,68951,1480],{"class":194},[61,68953,816],{"class":190},[61,68955,83],{"class":75},[61,68957,522],{"class":190},[61,68959,573],{"class":194},[61,68961,816],{"class":190},[61,68963,94],{"class":75},[61,68965,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980,68982,68984,68986],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,68967,130],{"class":129},[61,68969,109],{"class":75},[61,68971,35900],{"class":112},[61,68973,3658],{"class":75},[61,68975,10914],{"class":129},[61,68977,109],{"class":75},[61,68979,35900],{"class":112},[61,68981,3417],{"class":75},[61,68983,1984],{"class":71},[61,68985,680],{"class":79},[61,68987,1137],{"class":75},[14,68989,157],{},[52,68991,68993],{"className":54,"code":68992,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"c\n",[18,68994,68995],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68996,68997],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68998,68992],{"class":67},[14,69000,69001,69002,244],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[235,69003,69005],{"href":69004},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[408,69007,8175,69009,69011],{"id":69008},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[18,69010,42118],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69013,69014],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69016,69017],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[52,69019,69021],{"className":54,"code":69020,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[18,69022,69023,69033,69047,69061],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69024,69025,69027,69029,69031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69026,130],{"class":129},[61,69028,109],{"class":75},[61,69030,8096],{"class":112},[61,69032,116],{"class":75},[61,69034,69035,69037,69039,69041,69043,69045],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69036,130],{"class":129},[61,69038,109],{"class":75},[61,69040,10914],{"class":129},[61,69042,109],{"class":75},[61,69044,8096],{"class":112},[61,69046,154],{"class":75},[61,69048,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,69050,130],{"class":129},[61,69052,109],{"class":75},[61,69054,147],{"class":105},[61,69056,109],{"class":75},[61,69058,8096],{"class":112},[61,69060,154],{"class":75},[61,69062,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071,69073],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,69064,130],{"class":129},[61,69066,109],{"class":75},[61,69068,8096],{"class":112},[61,69070,3658],{"class":75},[61,69072,675],{"class":79},[61,69074,1137],{"class":75},[14,69076,69077],{},"These help you verify:",[26,69079,69080,69083,69085,69088],{},[29,69081,69082],{},"what the variable contains",[29,69084,60538],{},[29,69086,69087],{},"whether it is really a list",[29,69089,69090],{},"what the first item is",[14,69092,69093,69094,69097],{},"Be careful with ",[18,69095,69096],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[47,69099,4723,69101,69103],{"id":69100},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[18,69102,42118],{}," with lists",[14,69105,69106,69107,69109],{},"You will often use ",[18,69108,42118],{}," in real programs.",[14,69111,9126],{},[26,69113,69114,69116,69119,69122],{},[29,69115,51528],{},[29,69117,69118],{},"Control loops",[29,69120,69121],{},"Validate input or results",[29,69123,69124],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69126,69127],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[52,69129,69131],{"className":54,"code":69130,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[18,69132,69133,69153,69169,69173,69187,69201],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69134,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69136,2313],{"class":67},[61,69138,72],{"class":71},[61,69140,76],{"class":75},[61,69142,80],{"class":79},[61,69144,83],{"class":75},[61,69146,86],{"class":79},[61,69148,83],{"class":75},[61,69150,91],{"class":79},[61,69152,94],{"class":75},[61,69154,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69156,2341],{"class":67},[61,69158,72],{"class":71},[61,69160,76],{"class":75},[61,69162,430],{"class":79},[61,69164,83],{"class":75},[61,69166,435],{"class":79},[61,69168,94],{"class":75},[61,69170,69171],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,69172,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,69174,69175,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,69176,130],{"class":129},[61,69178,109],{"class":75},[61,69180,10914],{"class":129},[61,69182,109],{"class":75},[61,69184,235],{"class":112},[61,69186,154],{"class":75},[61,69188,69189,69191,69193,69195,69197,69199],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,69190,130],{"class":129},[61,69192,109],{"class":75},[61,69194,10914],{"class":129},[61,69196,109],{"class":75},[61,69198,1480],{"class":112},[61,69200,154],{"class":75},[61,69202,69203,69205,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221,69223],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,69204,130],{"class":129},[61,69206,109],{"class":75},[61,69208,10914],{"class":129},[61,69210,109],{"class":75},[61,69212,235],{"class":112},[61,69214,3417],{"class":75},[61,69216,38152],{"class":71},[61,69218,38142],{"class":129},[61,69220,109],{"class":75},[61,69222,1480],{"class":112},[61,69224,154],{"class":75},[14,69226,157],{},[52,69228,69230],{"className":54,"code":69229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[18,69231,69232,69236,69240],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69233,69234],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69235,46375],{"class":79},[61,69237,69238],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69239,16813],{"class":79},[61,69241,69242],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,69243,3738],{"class":3609},[14,69245,69246],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[52,69248,69250],{"className":54,"code":69249,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[18,69251,69252,69284,69288,69310],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69253,69254,69256,69258,69260,69262,69264,69266,69268,69270,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69255,4757],{"class":67},[61,69257,72],{"class":71},[61,69259,76],{"class":75},[61,69261,816],{"class":190},[61,69263,829],{"class":194},[61,69265,816],{"class":190},[61,69267,83],{"class":75},[61,69269,522],{"class":190},[61,69271,35697],{"class":194},[61,69273,816],{"class":190},[61,69275,83],{"class":75},[61,69277,522],{"class":190},[61,69279,35706],{"class":194},[61,69281,816],{"class":190},[61,69283,94],{"class":75},[61,69285,69286],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69287,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,69289,69290,69292,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,69291,5717],{"class":3634},[61,69293,69294],{"class":67}," i ",[61,69296,3641],{"class":3634},[61,69298,53828],{"class":129},[61,69300,109],{"class":75},[61,69302,10914],{"class":129},[61,69304,109],{"class":75},[61,69306,4801],{"class":112},[61,69308,69309],{"class":75},")):\n",[61,69311,69312,69314,69316,69318,69320,69323,69325,69327],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,69313,7827],{"class":129},[61,69315,109],{"class":75},[61,69317,35911],{"class":112},[61,69319,83],{"class":75},[61,69321,69322],{"class":112}," names",[61,69324,3658],{"class":75},[61,69326,35911],{"class":112},[61,69328,1137],{"class":75},[14,69330,157],{},[52,69332,69333],{"className":54,"code":35755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,69334,69335,69341,69347],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69336,69337,69339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69338,675],{"class":79},[61,69340,35764],{"class":67},[61,69342,69343,69345],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69344,80],{"class":79},[61,69346,35771],{"class":67},[61,69348,69349,69351],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,69350,1821],{"class":79},[61,69352,35778],{"class":67},[14,69354,69355,69356,244],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[235,69357,69359],{"href":69358},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69361,69362,69363,69365],{},"You can also read ",[235,69364,51305],{"href":51304}," for a task-focused guide.",[47,69367,1620],{"id":1619},[408,69369,69371],{"id":69370},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69373,204,69374,69377],{},[18,69375,69376],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[408,69379,4905,69381,12471],{"id":69380},"what-does-len-return",[18,69382,69383],{},"len([])",[14,69385,4911,69386,69388],{},[18,69387,675],{}," because the list is empty.",[408,69390,69392],{"id":69391},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69394,69395],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[408,69397,28085,69399,69401],{"id":69398},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[18,69400,68577],{}," in Python?",[14,69403,30025,69404,7979,69406,69408],{},[18,69405,68023],{},[18,69407,42118],{}," is a built-in function.",[47,69410,1664],{"id":1663},[26,69412,69413,69419,69423,69427,69431],{},[29,69414,69415],{},[235,69416,3332,69417,3265],{"href":42115},[18,69418,42118],{},[29,69420,69421],{},[235,69422,52349],{"href":51304},[29,69424,69425],{},[235,69426,52529],{"href":50737},[29,69428,69429],{},[235,69430,69005],{"href":69004},[29,69432,69433],{},[235,69434,69435],{"href":69358},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1693,69437,69438],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":69440},[69441,69442,69444,69445,69446,69447,69455,69457,69465],{"id":14917,"depth":97,"text":14918},{"id":68015,"depth":97,"text":69443},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5545,"depth":97,"text":5546},{"id":68284,"depth":97,"text":68285},{"id":68425,"depth":97,"text":68426},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":69448},[69449,69451,69452,69453],{"id":68574,"depth":119,"text":69450},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25443,"depth":119,"text":25444},{"id":68754,"depth":119,"text":68755},{"id":69008,"depth":119,"text":69454},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69100,"depth":97,"text":69456},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":69458},[69459,69460,69462,69463],{"id":69370,"depth":119,"text":69371},{"id":69380,"depth":119,"text":69461},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69391,"depth":119,"text":69392},{"id":69398,"depth":119,"text":69464},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67910,"description":69466},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69472,"title":69473,"body":69474,"description":71456,"extension":1727,"meta":71457,"navigation":122,"path":71458,"seo":71459,"stem":71460,"__hash__":71461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69475,"toc":71429},[69476,69479,69484,69487,69495,69508,69510,69575,69577,69599,69604,69608,69613,69621,69623,69633,69635,69716,69718,69748,69750,69769,69774,69791,69793,69877,69879,69909,69914,69918,69924,70008,70010,70040,70043,70047,70050,70141,70143,70181,70184,70269,70271,70301,70307,70314,70318,70323,70332,70334,70419,70421,70450,70453,70461,70465,70469,70478,70501,70503,70525,70527,70541,70543,70603,70607,70612,70651,70653,70670,70672,70682,70781,70786,70790,70795,70838,70840,70868,70870,70884,70959,70961,70983,70987,70990,70995,71006,71011,71019,71022,71093,71095,71120,71177,71179,71200,71209,71217,71222,71224,71229,71250,71253,71328,71331,71345,71352,71354,71358,71364,71368,71378,71382,71389,71393,71399,71401,71426],[10,69477,69473],{"id":69478},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69480,69481,69483],{},[18,69482,54840],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69485,69486],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[26,69488,69489,69492],{},[29,69490,69491],{},"delete an item from a list",[29,69493,69494],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69496,69497,69498,69500,69501,8463,69503,69507],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[18,69499,12518],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[18,69502,12518],{},[235,69504,69505],{"href":54830},[18,69506,55287],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[47,69509,50],{"id":49},[52,69511,69513],{"className":54,"code":69512,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,69514,69515,69535,69550,69554,69565],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69516,69517,69519,69521,69523,69525,69527,69529,69531,69533],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69518,68],{"class":67},[61,69520,72],{"class":71},[61,69522,76],{"class":75},[61,69524,430],{"class":79},[61,69526,83],{"class":75},[61,69528,435],{"class":79},[61,69530,83],{"class":75},[61,69532,440],{"class":79},[61,69534,94],{"class":75},[61,69536,69537,69540,69542,69544,69546,69548],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69538,69539],{"class":67},"last_item ",[61,69541,72],{"class":71},[61,69543,4023],{"class":67},[61,69545,244],{"class":75},[61,69547,25998],{"class":112},[61,69549,263],{"class":75},[61,69551,69552],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,69553,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,69555,69556,69558,69560,69563],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,69557,130],{"class":129},[61,69559,109],{"class":75},[61,69561,69562],{"class":112},"last_item",[61,69564,116],{"class":75},[61,69566,69567,69569,69571,69573],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,69568,130],{"class":129},[61,69570,109],{"class":75},[61,69572,113],{"class":112},[61,69574,116],{"class":75},[14,69576,157],{},[52,69578,69580],{"className":54,"code":69579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[18,69581,69582,69587],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69583,69584],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69585,69586],{"class":79},"30\n",[61,69588,69589,69591,69593,69595,69597],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69590,3658],{"class":75},[61,69592,430],{"class":79},[61,69594,83],{"class":75},[61,69596,435],{"class":79},[61,69598,94],{"class":75},[14,69600,204,69601,69603],{},[18,69602,12518],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[47,69605,69607],{"id":69606},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69609,69610,69612],{},[18,69611,12518],{}," has two main jobs:",[26,69614,69615,69618],{},[29,69616,69617],{},"It removes one item from a list",[29,69619,69620],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69622,43408],{},[26,69624,69625,69628,69631],{},[29,69626,69627],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[29,69629,69630],{},"It changes the original list",[29,69632,52503],{},[14,69634,1109],{},[52,69636,69638],{"className":54,"code":69637,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,69639,69640,69672,69676,69691,69695,69706],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69641,69642,69644,69646,69648,69650,69652,69654,69656,69658,69660,69662,69664,69666,69668,69670],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69643,12831],{"class":67},[61,69645,72],{"class":71},[61,69647,76],{"class":75},[61,69649,816],{"class":190},[61,69651,12848],{"class":194},[61,69653,816],{"class":190},[61,69655,83],{"class":75},[61,69657,522],{"class":190},[61,69659,17212],{"class":194},[61,69661,816],{"class":190},[61,69663,83],{"class":75},[61,69665,522],{"class":190},[61,69667,12865],{"class":194},[61,69669,816],{"class":190},[61,69671,94],{"class":75},[61,69673,69674],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69675,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,69677,69678,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,69679,69680],{"class":67},"removed ",[61,69682,72],{"class":71},[61,69684,12879],{"class":67},[61,69686,244],{"class":75},[61,69688,25998],{"class":112},[61,69690,263],{"class":75},[61,69692,69693],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,69694,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,69696,69697,69699,69701,69704],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,69698,130],{"class":129},[61,69700,109],{"class":75},[61,69702,69703],{"class":112},"removed",[61,69705,116],{"class":75},[61,69707,69708,69710,69712,69714],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,69709,130],{"class":129},[61,69711,109],{"class":75},[61,69713,17259],{"class":112},[61,69715,116],{"class":75},[14,69717,157],{},[52,69719,69721],{"className":54,"code":69720,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[18,69722,69723,69728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69724,69725],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69726,69727],{"class":67},"blue\n",[61,69729,69730,69732,69734,69736,69738,69740,69742,69744,69746],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69731,3658],{"class":75},[61,69733,198],{"class":190},[61,69735,12848],{"class":194},[61,69737,198],{"class":190},[61,69739,83],{"class":75},[61,69741,191],{"class":190},[61,69743,17212],{"class":194},[61,69745,198],{"class":190},[61,69747,94],{"class":75},[47,69749,248],{"id":247},[52,69751,69753],{"className":54,"code":69752,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list.pop([index])\n",[18,69754,69755],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69756,69757,69759,69761,69763,69765,69767],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69758,7852],{"class":105},[61,69760,244],{"class":75},[61,69762,25998],{"class":112},[61,69764,1126],{"class":75},[61,69766,35602],{"class":112},[61,69768,1137],{"class":75},[14,69770,1744,69771,69773],{},[18,69772,35602],{}," is optional.",[26,69775,69776,69782,69788],{},[29,69777,69778,69779,69781],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[18,69780,12518],{}," removes the last item",[29,69783,69784,69785,69787],{},"If you give an index, ",[18,69786,12518],{}," removes the item at that position",[29,69789,69790],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,69792,1109],{},[52,69794,69796],{"className":54,"code":69795,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,69797,69798,69830,69834,69853,69857,69867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69799,69800,69802,69804,69806,69808,69810,69812,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69801,35847],{"class":67},[61,69803,72],{"class":71},[61,69805,76],{"class":75},[61,69807,816],{"class":190},[61,69809,235],{"class":194},[61,69811,816],{"class":190},[61,69813,83],{"class":75},[61,69815,522],{"class":190},[61,69817,1480],{"class":194},[61,69819,816],{"class":190},[61,69821,83],{"class":75},[61,69823,522],{"class":190},[61,69825,573],{"class":194},[61,69827,816],{"class":190},[61,69829,94],{"class":75},[61,69831,69832],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69833,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,69835,69836,69838,69840,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,69837,28295],{"class":67},[61,69839,72],{"class":71},[61,69841,69842],{"class":67}," letters",[61,69844,244],{"class":75},[61,69846,25998],{"class":112},[61,69848,109],{"class":75},[61,69850,80],{"class":79},[61,69852,116],{"class":75},[61,69854,69855],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,69856,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,69858,69859,69861,69863,69865],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,69860,130],{"class":129},[61,69862,109],{"class":75},[61,69864,23068],{"class":112},[61,69866,116],{"class":75},[61,69868,69869,69871,69873,69875],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,69870,130],{"class":129},[61,69872,109],{"class":75},[61,69874,35900],{"class":112},[61,69876,116],{"class":75},[14,69878,157],{},[52,69880,69882],{"className":54,"code":69881,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[18,69883,69884,69889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69885,69886],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69887,69888],{"class":67},"b\n",[61,69890,69891,69893,69895,69897,69899,69901,69903,69905,69907],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69892,3658],{"class":75},[61,69894,198],{"class":190},[61,69896,235],{"class":194},[61,69898,198],{"class":190},[61,69900,83],{"class":75},[61,69902,191],{"class":190},[61,69904,573],{"class":194},[61,69906,198],{"class":190},[61,69908,94],{"class":75},[14,69910,69911,69912,244],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[235,69913,52529],{"href":50737},[47,69915,69917],{"id":69916},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,69919,69920,69921,69923],{},"When you call ",[18,69922,12518],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[52,69925,69927],{"className":54,"code":69926,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[18,69928,69929,69964,69968,69983,69987,69998],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69930,69931,69933,69935,69937,69939,69942,69944,69946,69948,69951,69953,69955,69957,69960,69962],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69932,29653],{"class":67},[61,69934,72],{"class":71},[61,69936,76],{"class":75},[61,69938,816],{"class":190},[61,69940,69941],{"class":194},"write",[61,69943,816],{"class":190},[61,69945,83],{"class":75},[61,69947,522],{"class":190},[61,69949,69950],{"class":194},"test",[61,69952,816],{"class":190},[61,69954,83],{"class":75},[61,69956,522],{"class":190},[61,69958,69959],{"class":194},"submit",[61,69961,816],{"class":190},[61,69963,94],{"class":75},[61,69965,69966],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,69967,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,69969,69970,69973,69975,69977,69979,69981],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,69971,69972],{"class":67},"last_task ",[61,69974,72],{"class":71},[61,69976,29731],{"class":67},[61,69978,244],{"class":75},[61,69980,25998],{"class":112},[61,69982,263],{"class":75},[61,69984,69985],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,69986,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,69988,69989,69991,69993,69996],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,69990,130],{"class":129},[61,69992,109],{"class":75},[61,69994,69995],{"class":112},"last_task",[61,69997,116],{"class":75},[61,69999,70000,70002,70004,70006],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,70001,130],{"class":129},[61,70003,109],{"class":75},[61,70005,36262],{"class":112},[61,70007,116],{"class":75},[14,70009,157],{},[52,70011,70013],{"className":54,"code":70012,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[18,70014,70015,70020],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70016,70017],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70018,70019],{"class":67},"submit\n",[61,70021,70022,70024,70026,70028,70030,70032,70034,70036,70038],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70023,3658],{"class":75},[61,70025,198],{"class":190},[61,70027,69941],{"class":194},[61,70029,198],{"class":190},[61,70031,83],{"class":75},[61,70033,191],{"class":190},[61,70035,69950],{"class":194},[61,70037,198],{"class":190},[61,70039,94],{"class":75},[14,70041,70042],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[47,70044,70046],{"id":70045},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70048,70049],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[52,70051,70053],{"className":54,"code":70052,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70054,70055,70095,70099,70117,70121,70131],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70056,70057,70059,70061,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70058,35995],{"class":67},[61,70060,72],{"class":71},[61,70062,76],{"class":75},[61,70064,816],{"class":190},[61,70066,3838],{"class":194},[61,70068,816],{"class":190},[61,70070,83],{"class":75},[61,70072,522],{"class":190},[61,70074,3847],{"class":194},[61,70076,816],{"class":190},[61,70078,83],{"class":75},[61,70080,522],{"class":190},[61,70082,3856],{"class":194},[61,70084,816],{"class":190},[61,70086,83],{"class":75},[61,70088,522],{"class":190},[61,70090,32976],{"class":194},[61,70092,816],{"class":190},[61,70094,94],{"class":75},[61,70096,70097],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70098,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,70100,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109,70111,70113,70115],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,70102,69680],{"class":67},[61,70104,72],{"class":71},[61,70106,52609],{"class":67},[61,70108,244],{"class":75},[61,70110,25998],{"class":112},[61,70112,109],{"class":75},[61,70114,80],{"class":79},[61,70116,116],{"class":75},[61,70118,70119],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,70120,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,70122,70123,70125,70127,70129],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,70124,130],{"class":129},[61,70126,109],{"class":75},[61,70128,69703],{"class":112},[61,70130,116],{"class":75},[61,70132,70133,70135,70137,70139],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,70134,130],{"class":129},[61,70136,109],{"class":75},[61,70138,36047],{"class":112},[61,70140,116],{"class":75},[14,70142,157],{},[52,70144,70146],{"className":54,"code":70145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[18,70147,70148,70153],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70149,70150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70151,70152],{"class":67},"banana\n",[61,70154,70155,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171,70173,70175,70177,70179],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70156,3658],{"class":75},[61,70158,198],{"class":190},[61,70160,3838],{"class":194},[61,70162,198],{"class":190},[61,70164,83],{"class":75},[61,70166,191],{"class":190},[61,70168,3856],{"class":194},[61,70170,198],{"class":190},[61,70172,83],{"class":75},[61,70174,191],{"class":190},[61,70176,32976],{"class":194},[61,70178,198],{"class":190},[61,70180,94],{"class":75},[14,70182,70183],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[52,70185,70187],{"className":54,"code":70186,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70188,70189,70221,70225,70245,70249,70259],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70190,70191,70193,70195,70197,70199,70201,70203,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217,70219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70192,35995],{"class":67},[61,70194,72],{"class":71},[61,70196,76],{"class":75},[61,70198,816],{"class":190},[61,70200,3838],{"class":194},[61,70202,816],{"class":190},[61,70204,83],{"class":75},[61,70206,522],{"class":190},[61,70208,3847],{"class":194},[61,70210,816],{"class":190},[61,70212,83],{"class":75},[61,70214,522],{"class":190},[61,70216,3856],{"class":194},[61,70218,816],{"class":190},[61,70220,94],{"class":75},[61,70222,70223],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70224,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,70226,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239,70241,70243],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,70228,69680],{"class":67},[61,70230,72],{"class":71},[61,70232,52609],{"class":67},[61,70234,244],{"class":75},[61,70236,25998],{"class":112},[61,70238,109],{"class":75},[61,70240,1786],{"class":71},[61,70242,80],{"class":79},[61,70244,116],{"class":75},[61,70246,70247],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,70248,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,70250,70251,70253,70255,70257],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,70252,130],{"class":129},[61,70254,109],{"class":75},[61,70256,69703],{"class":112},[61,70258,116],{"class":75},[61,70260,70261,70263,70265,70267],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,70262,130],{"class":129},[61,70264,109],{"class":75},[61,70266,36047],{"class":112},[61,70268,116],{"class":75},[14,70270,157],{},[52,70272,70274],{"className":54,"code":70273,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,70275,70276,70281],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70277,70278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70279,70280],{"class":67},"cherry\n",[61,70282,70283,70285,70287,70289,70291,70293,70295,70297,70299],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70284,3658],{"class":75},[61,70286,198],{"class":190},[61,70288,3838],{"class":194},[61,70290,198],{"class":190},[61,70292,83],{"class":75},[61,70294,191],{"class":190},[61,70296,3847],{"class":194},[61,70298,198],{"class":190},[61,70300,94],{"class":75},[14,70302,70303,70304,70306],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[18,70305,65600],{}," means the last item.",[14,70308,70309,70310,244],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[235,70311,70312,10492],{"href":58724},[18,70313,64611],{},[47,70315,70317],{"id":70316},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70319,70320,70322],{},[18,70321,12518],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70324,70325,70326,4154,70328,244],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[18,70327,12518],{},[235,70329,70330],{"href":54830},[18,70331,55287],{},[14,70333,1109],{},[52,70335,70337],{"className":54,"code":70336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[18,70338,70339,70371,70375,70394,70398,70409],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70340,70341,70343,70345,70347,70349,70351,70353,70355,70357,70359,70361,70363,70365,70367,70369],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70342,4757],{"class":67},[61,70344,72],{"class":71},[61,70346,76],{"class":75},[61,70348,816],{"class":190},[61,70350,829],{"class":194},[61,70352,816],{"class":190},[61,70354,83],{"class":75},[61,70356,522],{"class":190},[61,70358,35697],{"class":194},[61,70360,816],{"class":190},[61,70362,83],{"class":75},[61,70364,522],{"class":190},[61,70366,35706],{"class":194},[61,70368,816],{"class":190},[61,70370,94],{"class":75},[61,70372,70373],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70374,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,70376,70377,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,70378,70379],{"class":67},"removed_name ",[61,70381,72],{"class":71},[61,70383,69322],{"class":67},[61,70385,244],{"class":75},[61,70387,25998],{"class":112},[61,70389,109],{"class":75},[61,70391,675],{"class":79},[61,70393,116],{"class":75},[61,70395,70396],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,70397,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,70399,70400,70402,70404,70407],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,70401,130],{"class":129},[61,70403,109],{"class":75},[61,70405,70406],{"class":112},"removed_name",[61,70408,116],{"class":75},[61,70410,70411,70413,70415,70417],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,70412,130],{"class":129},[61,70414,109],{"class":75},[61,70416,4801],{"class":112},[61,70418,116],{"class":75},[14,70420,157],{},[52,70422,70424],{"className":54,"code":70423,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,70425,70426,70430],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70427,70428],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70429,49797],{"class":67},[61,70431,70432,70434,70436,70438,70440,70442,70444,70446,70448],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70433,3658],{"class":75},[61,70435,198],{"class":190},[61,70437,35697],{"class":194},[61,70439,198],{"class":190},[61,70441,83],{"class":75},[61,70443,191],{"class":190},[61,70445,35706],{"class":194},[61,70447,198],{"class":190},[61,70449,94],{"class":75},[14,70451,70452],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70454,70455,70456,70458,70459,244],{},"By comparison, ",[18,70457,55287],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[18,70460,3536],{},[47,70462,70464],{"id":70463},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[408,70466,70468],{"id":70467},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70470,70471,70472,70474,70475,244],{},"If the list is empty, ",[18,70473,12518],{}," raises an ",[18,70476,70477],{},"IndexError",[52,70479,70481],{"className":54,"code":70480,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[18,70482,70483,70491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70484,70485,70487,70489],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70486,7539],{"class":67},[61,70488,72],{"class":71},[61,70490,7596],{"class":75},[61,70492,70493,70495,70497,70499],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70494,993],{"class":67},[61,70496,244],{"class":75},[61,70498,25998],{"class":112},[61,70500,263],{"class":75},[14,70502,157],{},[52,70504,70506],{"className":54,"code":70505,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[18,70507,70508],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70509,70510,70512,70514,70517,70520,70523],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70511,70477],{"class":105},[61,70513,824],{"class":75},[61,70515,70516],{"class":67}," pop ",[61,70518,70519],{"class":3634},"from",[61,70521,70522],{"class":67}," empty ",[61,70524,49643],{"class":105},[14,70526,39018],{},[26,70528,70529,70534],{},[29,70530,70531,70532],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[18,70533,12518],{},[29,70535,70536,70537,4154,70539],{},"Or handle the error with ",[18,70538,29559],{},[18,70540,29590],{},[14,70542,1109],{},[52,70544,70546],{"className":54,"code":70545,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[18,70547,70548,70556,70560,70568,70582,70588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70549,70550,70552,70554],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70551,7539],{"class":67},[61,70553,72],{"class":71},[61,70555,7596],{"class":75},[61,70557,70558],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70559,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,70561,70562,70564,70566],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,70563,6758],{"class":3634},[61,70565,5725],{"class":67},[61,70567,6152],{"class":75},[61,70569,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,70571,7827],{"class":129},[61,70573,109],{"class":75},[61,70575,993],{"class":112},[61,70577,244],{"class":75},[61,70579,25998],{"class":112},[61,70581,6955],{"class":75},[61,70583,70584,70586],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,70585,27190],{"class":3634},[61,70587,6152],{"class":75},[61,70589,70590,70592,70594,70596,70599,70601],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,70591,7827],{"class":129},[61,70593,109],{"class":75},[61,70595,816],{"class":190},[61,70597,70598],{"class":194},"The list is empty.",[61,70600,816],{"class":190},[61,70602,116],{"class":75},[408,70604,70606],{"id":70605},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70608,70609,70610,244],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[18,70611,70477],{},[52,70613,70615],{"className":54,"code":70614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[18,70616,70617,70637],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70618,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627,70629,70631,70633,70635],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70620,68],{"class":67},[61,70622,72],{"class":71},[61,70624,76],{"class":75},[61,70626,430],{"class":79},[61,70628,83],{"class":75},[61,70630,435],{"class":79},[61,70632,83],{"class":75},[61,70634,440],{"class":79},[61,70636,94],{"class":75},[61,70638,70639,70641,70643,70645,70647,70649],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70640,113],{"class":67},[61,70642,244],{"class":75},[61,70644,25998],{"class":112},[61,70646,109],{"class":75},[61,70648,645],{"class":79},[61,70650,116],{"class":75},[14,70652,157],{},[52,70654,70656],{"className":54,"code":70655,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[18,70657,70658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70659,70660,70662,70664,70667],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70661,70477],{"class":105},[61,70663,824],{"class":75},[61,70665,70666],{"class":67}," pop index out of ",[61,70668,70669],{"class":129},"range\n",[14,70671,39018],{},[26,70673,70674,70679],{},[29,70675,70676,70677],{},"Check the list length with ",[18,70678,42118],{},[29,70680,70681],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[52,70683,70685],{"className":54,"code":70684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[18,70686,70687,70707,70716,70720,70742,70760,70766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70688,70689,70691,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70690,68],{"class":67},[61,70692,72],{"class":71},[61,70694,76],{"class":75},[61,70696,430],{"class":79},[61,70698,83],{"class":75},[61,70700,435],{"class":79},[61,70702,83],{"class":75},[61,70704,440],{"class":79},[61,70706,94],{"class":75},[61,70708,70709,70712,70714],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70710,70711],{"class":67},"index ",[61,70713,72],{"class":71},[61,70715,45347],{"class":79},[61,70717,70718],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,70719,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,70721,70722,70724,70726,70729,70732,70734,70736,70738,70740],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,70723,6758],{"class":3634},[61,70725,3591],{"class":79},[61,70727,70728],{"class":71}," \u003C=",[61,70730,70731],{"class":67}," index ",[61,70733,183],{"class":71},[61,70735,38142],{"class":129},[61,70737,109],{"class":75},[61,70739,113],{"class":112},[61,70741,8099],{"class":75},[61,70743,70744,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756,70758],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,70745,7827],{"class":129},[61,70747,109],{"class":75},[61,70749,113],{"class":112},[61,70751,244],{"class":75},[61,70753,25998],{"class":112},[61,70755,109],{"class":75},[61,70757,35602],{"class":112},[61,70759,154],{"class":75},[61,70761,70762,70764],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,70763,27190],{"class":3634},[61,70765,6152],{"class":75},[61,70767,70768,70770,70772,70774,70777,70779],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,70769,7827],{"class":129},[61,70771,109],{"class":75},[61,70773,816],{"class":190},[61,70775,70776],{"class":194},"Index is out of range.",[61,70778,816],{"class":190},[61,70780,116],{"class":75},[14,70782,70783,70784,244],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[235,70785,69005],{"href":69004},[408,70787,70789],{"id":70788},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,70791,70792,70794],{},[18,70793,12518],{}," expects an integer index.",[52,70796,70798],{"className":54,"code":70797,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[18,70799,70800,70820],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70801,70802,70804,70806,70808,70810,70812,70814,70816,70818],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70803,68],{"class":67},[61,70805,72],{"class":71},[61,70807,76],{"class":75},[61,70809,430],{"class":79},[61,70811,83],{"class":75},[61,70813,435],{"class":79},[61,70815,83],{"class":75},[61,70817,440],{"class":79},[61,70819,94],{"class":75},[61,70821,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70823,113],{"class":67},[61,70825,244],{"class":75},[61,70827,25998],{"class":112},[61,70829,109],{"class":75},[61,70831,816],{"class":190},[61,70833,80],{"class":194},[61,70835,816],{"class":190},[61,70837,116],{"class":75},[14,70839,157],{},[52,70841,70843],{"className":54,"code":70842,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[18,70844,70845],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70846,70847,70849,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859,70862,70865],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70848,1272],{"class":105},[61,70850,824],{"class":75},[61,70852,191],{"class":190},[61,70854,3199],{"class":194},[61,70856,198],{"class":190},[61,70858,1284],{"class":105},[61,70860,70861],{"class":67}," cannot be interpreted ",[61,70863,70864],{"class":3634},"as",[61,70866,70867],{"class":67}," an integer\n",[14,70869,39018],{},[26,70871,70872,70881],{},[29,70873,70874,70875,1951,70877,1955,70879],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[18,70876,675],{},[18,70878,80],{},[18,70880,65600],{},[29,70882,70883],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[52,70885,70887],{"className":54,"code":70886,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,70888,70889,70909,70927,70931,70949],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70890,70891,70893,70895,70897,70899,70901,70903,70905,70907],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70892,68],{"class":67},[61,70894,72],{"class":71},[61,70896,76],{"class":75},[61,70898,430],{"class":79},[61,70900,83],{"class":75},[61,70902,435],{"class":79},[61,70904,83],{"class":75},[61,70906,440],{"class":79},[61,70908,94],{"class":75},[61,70910,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921,70923,70925],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70912,70711],{"class":67},[61,70914,72],{"class":71},[61,70916,45034],{"class":105},[61,70918,109],{"class":75},[61,70920,816],{"class":190},[61,70922,80],{"class":194},[61,70924,816],{"class":190},[61,70926,116],{"class":75},[61,70928,70929],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,70930,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,70932,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945,70947],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,70934,130],{"class":129},[61,70936,109],{"class":75},[61,70938,113],{"class":112},[61,70940,244],{"class":75},[61,70942,25998],{"class":112},[61,70944,109],{"class":75},[61,70946,35602],{"class":112},[61,70948,154],{"class":75},[61,70950,70951,70953,70955,70957],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,70952,130],{"class":129},[61,70954,109],{"class":75},[61,70956,113],{"class":112},[61,70958,116],{"class":75},[14,70960,157],{},[52,70962,70964],{"className":54,"code":70963,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[18,70965,70966,70971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70967,70968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70969,70970],{"class":79},"20\n",[61,70972,70973,70975,70977,70979,70981],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,70974,3658],{"class":75},[61,70976,430],{"class":79},[61,70978,83],{"class":75},[61,70980,440],{"class":79},[61,70982,94],{"class":75},[47,70984,70986],{"id":70985},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,70988,70989],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[408,70991,204,70993,1193],{"id":70992},"use-pop-when",[18,70994,12518],{},[26,70996,70997,71000,71003],{},[29,70998,70999],{},"you want to remove by index",[29,71001,71002],{},"you want the removed item returned",[29,71004,71005],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[408,71007,204,71009,1193],{"id":71008},"use-remove-when",[18,71010,55287],{},[26,71012,71013,71016],{},[29,71014,71015],{},"you want to remove by value",[29,71017,71018],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71020,71021],{},"Compare these examples:",[52,71023,71025],{"className":54,"code":71024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71026,71027,71051,71055,71073,71083],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71028,71029,71031,71033,71035,71037,71039,71041,71043,71045,71047,71049],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71030,68],{"class":67},[61,71032,72],{"class":71},[61,71034,76],{"class":75},[61,71036,430],{"class":79},[61,71038,83],{"class":75},[61,71040,435],{"class":79},[61,71042,83],{"class":75},[61,71044,440],{"class":79},[61,71046,83],{"class":75},[61,71048,435],{"class":79},[61,71050,94],{"class":75},[61,71052,71053],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71054,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,71056,71057,71059,71061,71063,71065,71067,71069,71071],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,71058,69680],{"class":67},[61,71060,72],{"class":71},[61,71062,4023],{"class":67},[61,71064,244],{"class":75},[61,71066,25998],{"class":112},[61,71068,109],{"class":75},[61,71070,80],{"class":79},[61,71072,116],{"class":75},[61,71074,71075,71077,71079,71081],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,71076,130],{"class":129},[61,71078,109],{"class":75},[61,71080,69703],{"class":112},[61,71082,116],{"class":75},[61,71084,71085,71087,71089,71091],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,71086,130],{"class":129},[61,71088,109],{"class":75},[61,71090,113],{"class":112},[61,71092,116],{"class":75},[14,71094,157],{},[52,71096,71098],{"className":54,"code":71097,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71099,71100,71104],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71101,71102],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71103,70970],{"class":79},[61,71105,71106,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116,71118],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71107,3658],{"class":75},[61,71109,430],{"class":79},[61,71111,83],{"class":75},[61,71113,440],{"class":79},[61,71115,83],{"class":75},[61,71117,435],{"class":79},[61,71119,94],{"class":75},[52,71121,71123],{"className":54,"code":71122,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71124,71125,71149,71153,71167],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71126,71127,71129,71131,71133,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71128,68],{"class":67},[61,71130,72],{"class":71},[61,71132,76],{"class":75},[61,71134,430],{"class":79},[61,71136,83],{"class":75},[61,71138,435],{"class":79},[61,71140,83],{"class":75},[61,71142,440],{"class":79},[61,71144,83],{"class":75},[61,71146,435],{"class":79},[61,71148,94],{"class":75},[61,71150,71151],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71152,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,71154,71155,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,71156,113],{"class":67},[61,71158,244],{"class":75},[61,71160,34549],{"class":112},[61,71162,109],{"class":75},[61,71164,15510],{"class":79},[61,71166,116],{"class":75},[61,71168,71169,71171,71173,71175],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,71170,130],{"class":129},[61,71172,109],{"class":75},[61,71174,113],{"class":112},[61,71176,116],{"class":75},[14,71178,157],{},[52,71180,71182],{"className":54,"code":71181,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71183,71184],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71185,71186,71188,71190,71192,71194,71196,71198],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71187,3658],{"class":75},[61,71189,430],{"class":79},[61,71191,83],{"class":75},[61,71193,440],{"class":79},[61,71195,83],{"class":75},[61,71197,435],{"class":79},[61,71199,94],{"class":75},[14,71201,71202,71203,71206,71207,244],{},"In the first example, ",[18,71204,71205],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[18,71208,80],{},[14,71210,56363,71211,71214,71215,244],{},[18,71212,71213],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[18,71216,15510],{},[14,71218,71219,71220,244],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[235,71221,54826],{"href":54825},[47,71223,2590],{"id":2589},[14,71225,71226,71227,824],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[18,71228,12518],{},[26,71230,71231,71234,71237,71243,71247],{},[29,71232,71233],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[29,71235,71236],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[29,71238,36960,71239,8463,71241],{},[18,71240,12518],{},[18,71242,55287],{},[29,71244,8211,71245,61726],{},[18,71246,12518],{},[29,71248,71249],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71251,71252],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[52,71254,71256],{"className":54,"code":71255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[18,71257,71258,71268,71282,71296,71314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71259,71260,71262,71264,71266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71261,130],{"class":129},[61,71263,109],{"class":75},[61,71265,8096],{"class":112},[61,71267,116],{"class":75},[61,71269,71270,71272,71274,71276,71278,71280],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71271,130],{"class":129},[61,71273,109],{"class":75},[61,71275,10914],{"class":129},[61,71277,109],{"class":75},[61,71279,8096],{"class":112},[61,71281,154],{"class":75},[61,71283,71284,71286,71288,71290,71292,71294],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,71285,130],{"class":129},[61,71287,109],{"class":75},[61,71289,8096],{"class":112},[61,71291,244],{"class":75},[61,71293,25998],{"class":112},[61,71295,6955],{"class":75},[61,71297,71298,71300,71302,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,71299,130],{"class":129},[61,71301,109],{"class":75},[61,71303,8096],{"class":112},[61,71305,244],{"class":75},[61,71307,25998],{"class":112},[61,71309,109],{"class":75},[61,71311,675],{"class":79},[61,71313,154],{"class":75},[61,71315,71316,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,71317,130],{"class":129},[61,71319,109],{"class":75},[61,71321,147],{"class":105},[61,71323,109],{"class":75},[61,71325,35602],{"class":112},[61,71327,154],{"class":75},[14,71329,71330],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[26,71332,71333,71339],{},[29,71334,71335,71338],{},[18,71336,71337],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[29,71340,71341,71344],{},[18,71342,71343],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71346,71347,71348,71351],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[18,71349,71350],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[47,71353,1620],{"id":1619},[408,71355,71357],{"id":71356},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71359,71360,71361,71363],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[18,71362,12518],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[408,71365,71367],{"id":71366},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71369,71370,71372,71373,71375,71376,244],{},[18,71371,12518],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[18,71374,55287],{}," removes by value and returns ",[18,71377,3536],{},[408,71379,71381],{"id":71380},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71383,71384,71385,71388],{},"Yes. For example, ",[18,71386,71387],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[408,71390,71392],{"id":71391},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71394,71395,71396,71398],{},"Python raises ",[18,71397,70477],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[47,71400,1664],{"id":1663},[26,71402,71403,71407,71412,71417,71422],{},[29,71404,71405],{},[235,71406,55273],{"href":54825},[29,71408,71409],{},[235,71410,71411],{"href":54830},"Python list remove() method",[29,71413,71414],{},[235,71415,71416],{"href":58724},"Python list index() method",[29,71418,71419],{},[235,71420,71421],{"href":50737},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[29,71423,71424],{},[235,71425,69005],{"href":69004},[1693,71427,71428],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":71430},[71431,71432,71433,71434,71435,71436,71437,71442,71448,71449,71455],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":69606,"depth":97,"text":69607},{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":69916,"depth":97,"text":69917},{"id":70045,"depth":97,"text":70046},{"id":70316,"depth":97,"text":70317},{"id":70463,"depth":97,"text":70464,"children":71438},[71439,71440,71441],{"id":70467,"depth":119,"text":70468},{"id":70605,"depth":119,"text":70606},{"id":70788,"depth":119,"text":70789},{"id":70985,"depth":97,"text":70986,"children":71443},[71444,71446],{"id":70992,"depth":119,"text":71445},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71008,"depth":119,"text":71447},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":71450},[71451,71452,71453,71454],{"id":71356,"depth":119,"text":71357},{"id":71366,"depth":119,"text":71367},{"id":71380,"depth":119,"text":71381},{"id":71391,"depth":119,"text":71392},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69473,"description":71456},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71463,"title":71464,"body":71465,"description":73251,"extension":1727,"meta":73252,"navigation":122,"path":73253,"seo":73254,"stem":73255,"__hash__":73256},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71466,"toc":73233},[71467,71470,71475,71481,71483,71553,71559,71563,71568,71589,71592,71659,71661,71682,71690,71692,71711,71727,71729,71794,71796,71821,71823,71825,71890,71892,71917,71919,71933,71936,71989,71991,72012,72016,72024,72097,72099,72132,72138,72144,72235,72237,72262,72268,72357,72359,72383,72385,72389,72444,72446,72478,72481,72484,72578,72580,72613,72619,72625,72629,72636,72662,72666,72731,72733,72758,72762,72843,72845,72874,72879,72884,72890,72894,72901,72923,72927,72986,72988,73012,73021,73026,73028,73032,73061,73063,73138,73141,73155,73161,73163,73167,73170,73174,73179,73183,73192,73196,73204,73206,73230],[10,71468,71464],{"id":71469},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71471,1744,71472,71474],{},[18,71473,54833],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71476,71477,71478,71480],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[603,71479,1605],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[47,71482,50],{"id":49},[52,71484,71486],{"className":54,"code":71485,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,71487,71488,71520,71538,71548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71489,71490,71492,71494,71496,71498,71500,71502,71504,71506,71508,71510,71512,71514,71516,71518],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71491,7539],{"class":67},[61,71493,72],{"class":71},[61,71495,76],{"class":75},[61,71497,816],{"class":190},[61,71499,3838],{"class":194},[61,71501,816],{"class":190},[61,71503,83],{"class":75},[61,71505,522],{"class":190},[61,71507,3847],{"class":194},[61,71509,816],{"class":190},[61,71511,83],{"class":75},[61,71513,522],{"class":190},[61,71515,32976],{"class":194},[61,71517,816],{"class":190},[61,71519,94],{"class":75},[61,71521,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530,71532,71534,71536],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71523,993],{"class":67},[61,71525,244],{"class":75},[61,71527,34549],{"class":112},[61,71529,109],{"class":75},[61,71531,816],{"class":190},[61,71533,3847],{"class":194},[61,71535,816],{"class":190},[61,71537,116],{"class":75},[61,71539,71540,71542,71544,71546],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,71541,130],{"class":129},[61,71543,109],{"class":75},[61,71545,993],{"class":112},[61,71547,116],{"class":75},[61,71549,71550],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,71551,71552],{"class":3420},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71554,204,71555,71558],{},[18,71556,71557],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[47,71560,71562],{"id":71561},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71564,71565,71567],{},[18,71566,55287],{}," is a list method that:",[26,71569,71570,71576,71581,71586],{},[29,71571,71572,71573,71575],{},"Deletes the ",[603,71574,29664],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[29,71577,71578,71579],{},"Changes the original list ",[603,71580,11087],{},[29,71582,12459,71583,71585],{},[603,71584,605],{}," return a new list",[29,71587,71588],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71590,71591],{},"This is important for beginners:",[52,71593,71595],{"className":54,"code":71594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,71596,71597,71617,71635,71639,71649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71598,71599,71601,71603,71605,71607,71609,71611,71613,71615],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71600,68],{"class":67},[61,71602,72],{"class":71},[61,71604,76],{"class":75},[61,71606,80],{"class":79},[61,71608,83],{"class":75},[61,71610,86],{"class":79},[61,71612,83],{"class":75},[61,71614,91],{"class":79},[61,71616,94],{"class":75},[61,71618,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71620,100],{"class":67},[61,71622,72],{"class":71},[61,71624,4023],{"class":67},[61,71626,244],{"class":75},[61,71628,34549],{"class":112},[61,71630,109],{"class":75},[61,71632,1821],{"class":79},[61,71634,116],{"class":75},[61,71636,71637],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,71638,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,71640,71641,71643,71645,71647],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,71642,130],{"class":129},[61,71644,109],{"class":75},[61,71646,113],{"class":112},[61,71648,116],{"class":75},[61,71650,71651,71653,71655,71657],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,71652,130],{"class":129},[61,71654,109],{"class":75},[61,71656,135],{"class":112},[61,71658,116],{"class":75},[14,71660,157],{},[52,71662,71664],{"className":54,"code":71663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[18,71665,71666,71678],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71667,71668,71670,71672,71674,71676],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71669,3658],{"class":75},[61,71671,80],{"class":79},[61,71673,83],{"class":75},[61,71675,91],{"class":79},[61,71677,94],{"class":75},[61,71679,71680],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71681,11562],{"class":3609},[14,71683,71684,71685,71687,71688,244],{},"The list changed, but ",[18,71686,55287],{}," itself returned ",[18,71689,3536],{},[47,71691,5192],{"id":5191},[52,71693,71695],{"className":54,"code":71694,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list.remove(value)\n",[18,71696,71697],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71698,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707,71709],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71700,7852],{"class":105},[61,71702,244],{"class":75},[61,71704,34549],{"class":112},[61,71706,109],{"class":75},[61,71708,1605],{"class":112},[61,71710,116],{"class":75},[26,71712,71713,71718,71721],{},[29,71714,71715,71717],{},[18,71716,1605],{}," is the item you want to delete",[29,71719,71720],{},"Python searches from left to right",[29,71722,71723,71724,71726],{},"Only the ",[603,71725,29664],{}," matching value is removed",[14,71728,1109],{},[52,71730,71732],{"className":54,"code":71731,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,71733,71734,71766,71784],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71735,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748,71750,71752,71754,71756,71758,71760,71762,71764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71737,35847],{"class":67},[61,71739,72],{"class":71},[61,71741,76],{"class":75},[61,71743,816],{"class":190},[61,71745,235],{"class":194},[61,71747,816],{"class":190},[61,71749,83],{"class":75},[61,71751,522],{"class":190},[61,71753,1480],{"class":194},[61,71755,816],{"class":190},[61,71757,83],{"class":75},[61,71759,522],{"class":190},[61,71761,573],{"class":194},[61,71763,816],{"class":190},[61,71765,94],{"class":75},[61,71767,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71769,35900],{"class":67},[61,71771,244],{"class":75},[61,71773,34549],{"class":112},[61,71775,109],{"class":75},[61,71777,816],{"class":190},[61,71779,1480],{"class":194},[61,71781,816],{"class":190},[61,71783,116],{"class":75},[61,71785,71786,71788,71790,71792],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,71787,130],{"class":129},[61,71789,109],{"class":75},[61,71791,35900],{"class":112},[61,71793,116],{"class":75},[14,71795,157],{},[52,71797,71799],{"className":54,"code":71798,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'c']\n",[18,71800,71801],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71802,71803,71805,71807,71809,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71804,3658],{"class":75},[61,71806,198],{"class":190},[61,71808,235],{"class":194},[61,71810,198],{"class":190},[61,71812,83],{"class":75},[61,71814,191],{"class":190},[61,71816,573],{"class":194},[61,71818,198],{"class":190},[61,71820,94],{"class":75},[47,71822,5546],{"id":5545},[14,71824,64920],{},[52,71826,71828],{"className":54,"code":71827,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,71829,71830,71862,71880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71831,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844,71846,71848,71850,71852,71854,71856,71858,71860],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71833,12831],{"class":67},[61,71835,72],{"class":71},[61,71837,76],{"class":75},[61,71839,816],{"class":190},[61,71841,12848],{"class":194},[61,71843,816],{"class":190},[61,71845,83],{"class":75},[61,71847,522],{"class":190},[61,71849,12865],{"class":194},[61,71851,816],{"class":190},[61,71853,83],{"class":75},[61,71855,522],{"class":190},[61,71857,17212],{"class":194},[61,71859,816],{"class":190},[61,71861,94],{"class":75},[61,71863,71864,71866,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876,71878],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71865,17259],{"class":67},[61,71867,244],{"class":75},[61,71869,34549],{"class":112},[61,71871,109],{"class":75},[61,71873,816],{"class":190},[61,71875,12865],{"class":194},[61,71877,816],{"class":190},[61,71879,116],{"class":75},[61,71881,71882,71884,71886,71888],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,71883,130],{"class":129},[61,71885,109],{"class":75},[61,71887,17259],{"class":112},[61,71889,116],{"class":75},[14,71891,157],{},[52,71893,71895],{"className":54,"code":71894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['red', 'green']\n",[18,71896,71897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71898,71899,71901,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71900,3658],{"class":75},[61,71902,198],{"class":190},[61,71904,12848],{"class":194},[61,71906,198],{"class":190},[61,71908,83],{"class":75},[61,71910,191],{"class":190},[61,71912,17212],{"class":194},[61,71914,198],{"class":190},[61,71916,94],{"class":75},[14,71918,11437],{},[26,71920,71921,71924,71930],{},[29,71922,71923],{},"A list is created with three values",[29,71925,71926,71929],{},[18,71927,71928],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[29,71931,71932],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,71934,71935],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[52,71937,71939],{"className":54,"code":71938,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,71940,71941,71965,71979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71942,71943,71945,71947,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961,71963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71944,4826],{"class":67},[61,71946,72],{"class":71},[61,71948,76],{"class":75},[61,71950,430],{"class":79},[61,71952,83],{"class":75},[61,71954,435],{"class":79},[61,71956,83],{"class":75},[61,71958,440],{"class":79},[61,71960,83],{"class":75},[61,71962,50601],{"class":79},[61,71964,94],{"class":75},[61,71966,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,71968,16145],{"class":67},[61,71970,244],{"class":75},[61,71972,34549],{"class":112},[61,71974,109],{"class":75},[61,71976,36598],{"class":79},[61,71978,116],{"class":75},[61,71980,71981,71983,71985,71987],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,71982,130],{"class":129},[61,71984,109],{"class":75},[61,71986,16145],{"class":112},[61,71988,116],{"class":75},[14,71990,157],{},[52,71992,71994],{"className":54,"code":71993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[18,71995,71996],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71997,71998,72000,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71999,3658],{"class":75},[61,72001,430],{"class":79},[61,72003,83],{"class":75},[61,72005,435],{"class":79},[61,72007,83],{"class":75},[61,72009,50601],{"class":79},[61,72011,94],{"class":75},[47,72013,72015],{"id":72014},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72017,64910,72018,72020,72021,72023],{},[18,72019,55287],{}," deletes only the ",[603,72022,29664],{}," one.",[52,72025,72027],{"className":54,"code":72026,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72028,72029,72069,72087],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72030,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72032,7539],{"class":67},[61,72034,72],{"class":71},[61,72036,76],{"class":75},[61,72038,816],{"class":190},[61,72040,3838],{"class":194},[61,72042,816],{"class":190},[61,72044,83],{"class":75},[61,72046,522],{"class":190},[61,72048,3847],{"class":194},[61,72050,816],{"class":190},[61,72052,83],{"class":75},[61,72054,522],{"class":190},[61,72056,3838],{"class":194},[61,72058,816],{"class":190},[61,72060,83],{"class":75},[61,72062,522],{"class":190},[61,72064,32976],{"class":194},[61,72066,816],{"class":190},[61,72068,94],{"class":75},[61,72070,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72072,993],{"class":67},[61,72074,244],{"class":75},[61,72076,34549],{"class":112},[61,72078,109],{"class":75},[61,72080,816],{"class":190},[61,72082,3838],{"class":194},[61,72084,816],{"class":190},[61,72086,116],{"class":75},[61,72088,72089,72091,72093,72095],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,72090,130],{"class":129},[61,72092,109],{"class":75},[61,72094,993],{"class":112},[61,72096,116],{"class":75},[14,72098,157],{},[52,72100,72102],{"className":54,"code":72101,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72103,72104],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72105,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72107,3658],{"class":75},[61,72109,198],{"class":190},[61,72111,3847],{"class":194},[61,72113,198],{"class":190},[61,72115,83],{"class":75},[61,72117,191],{"class":190},[61,72119,3838],{"class":194},[61,72121,198],{"class":190},[61,72123,83],{"class":75},[61,72125,191],{"class":190},[61,72127,32976],{"class":194},[61,72129,198],{"class":190},[61,72131,94],{"class":75},[14,72133,72134,72135,72137],{},"Only the first ",[18,72136,57592],{}," was removed.",[14,72139,72140,72141,72143],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[18,72142,55287],{}," again:",[52,72145,72147],{"className":54,"code":72146,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72148,72149,72189,72207,72225],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72150,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72152,7539],{"class":67},[61,72154,72],{"class":71},[61,72156,76],{"class":75},[61,72158,816],{"class":190},[61,72160,3838],{"class":194},[61,72162,816],{"class":190},[61,72164,83],{"class":75},[61,72166,522],{"class":190},[61,72168,3847],{"class":194},[61,72170,816],{"class":190},[61,72172,83],{"class":75},[61,72174,522],{"class":190},[61,72176,3838],{"class":194},[61,72178,816],{"class":190},[61,72180,83],{"class":75},[61,72182,522],{"class":190},[61,72184,32976],{"class":194},[61,72186,816],{"class":190},[61,72188,94],{"class":75},[61,72190,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72192,993],{"class":67},[61,72194,244],{"class":75},[61,72196,34549],{"class":112},[61,72198,109],{"class":75},[61,72200,816],{"class":190},[61,72202,3838],{"class":194},[61,72204,816],{"class":190},[61,72206,116],{"class":75},[61,72208,72209,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,72210,993],{"class":67},[61,72212,244],{"class":75},[61,72214,34549],{"class":112},[61,72216,109],{"class":75},[61,72218,816],{"class":190},[61,72220,3838],{"class":194},[61,72222,816],{"class":190},[61,72224,116],{"class":75},[61,72226,72227,72229,72231,72233],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,72228,130],{"class":129},[61,72230,109],{"class":75},[61,72232,993],{"class":112},[61,72234,116],{"class":75},[14,72236,157],{},[52,72238,72240],{"className":54,"code":72239,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72241,72242],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72243,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72245,3658],{"class":75},[61,72247,198],{"class":190},[61,72249,3847],{"class":194},[61,72251,198],{"class":190},[61,72253,83],{"class":75},[61,72255,191],{"class":190},[61,72257,32976],{"class":194},[61,72259,198],{"class":190},[61,72261,94],{"class":75},[14,72263,72264,72265,72267],{},"If you need to remove ",[603,72266,3474],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[52,72269,72271],{"className":54,"code":72270,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[18,72272,72273,72313,72347],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72274,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289,72291,72293,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72276,7539],{"class":67},[61,72278,72],{"class":71},[61,72280,76],{"class":75},[61,72282,816],{"class":190},[61,72284,3838],{"class":194},[61,72286,816],{"class":190},[61,72288,83],{"class":75},[61,72290,522],{"class":190},[61,72292,3847],{"class":194},[61,72294,816],{"class":190},[61,72296,83],{"class":75},[61,72298,522],{"class":190},[61,72300,3838],{"class":194},[61,72302,816],{"class":190},[61,72304,83],{"class":75},[61,72306,522],{"class":190},[61,72308,32976],{"class":194},[61,72310,816],{"class":190},[61,72312,94],{"class":75},[61,72314,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329,72332,72334,72336,72339,72341,72343,72345],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72316,7539],{"class":67},[61,72318,72],{"class":71},[61,72320,76],{"class":75},[61,72322,28295],{"class":67},[61,72324,5717],{"class":3634},[61,72326,5720],{"class":67},[61,72328,3641],{"class":3634},[61,72330,72331],{"class":67}," items ",[61,72333,6758],{"class":3634},[61,72335,5720],{"class":67},[61,72337,72338],{"class":71},"!=",[61,72340,522],{"class":190},[61,72342,3838],{"class":194},[61,72344,816],{"class":190},[61,72346,94],{"class":75},[61,72348,72349,72351,72353,72355],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,72350,130],{"class":129},[61,72352,109],{"class":75},[61,72354,993],{"class":112},[61,72356,116],{"class":75},[14,72358,157],{},[52,72360,72361],{"className":54,"code":72239,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,72362,72363],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72364,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72366,3658],{"class":75},[61,72368,198],{"class":190},[61,72370,3847],{"class":194},[61,72372,198],{"class":190},[61,72374,83],{"class":75},[61,72376,191],{"class":190},[61,72378,32976],{"class":194},[61,72380,198],{"class":190},[61,72382,94],{"class":75},[47,72384,65376],{"id":65375},[14,72386,65379,72387,244],{},[18,72388,40461],{},[52,72390,72392],{"className":54,"code":72391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,72393,72394,72426],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72395,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72397,7539],{"class":67},[61,72399,72],{"class":71},[61,72401,76],{"class":75},[61,72403,816],{"class":190},[61,72405,3838],{"class":194},[61,72407,816],{"class":190},[61,72409,83],{"class":75},[61,72411,522],{"class":190},[61,72413,3847],{"class":194},[61,72415,816],{"class":190},[61,72417,83],{"class":75},[61,72419,522],{"class":190},[61,72421,32976],{"class":194},[61,72423,816],{"class":190},[61,72425,94],{"class":75},[61,72427,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72429,993],{"class":67},[61,72431,244],{"class":75},[61,72433,34549],{"class":112},[61,72435,109],{"class":75},[61,72437,816],{"class":190},[61,72439,22290],{"class":194},[61,72441,816],{"class":190},[61,72443,116],{"class":75},[14,72445,157],{},[52,72447,72449],{"className":54,"code":72448,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[18,72450,72451],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72452,72453,72455,72457,72459,72461,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72454,40461],{"class":105},[61,72456,824],{"class":75},[61,72458,22317],{"class":105},[61,72460,244],{"class":75},[61,72462,34549],{"class":112},[61,72464,109],{"class":75},[61,72466,1936],{"class":112},[61,72468,16208],{"class":75},[61,72470,3638],{"class":67},[61,72472,605],{"class":71},[61,72474,20930],{"class":71},[61,72476,72477],{"class":105}," list\n",[14,72479,72480],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72482,72483],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[52,72485,72487],{"className":54,"code":72486,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,72488,72489,72521,72533,72537,72549,72564,72568],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72490,72491,72493,72495,72497,72499,72501,72503,72505,72507,72509,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72492,7539],{"class":67},[61,72494,72],{"class":71},[61,72496,76],{"class":75},[61,72498,816],{"class":190},[61,72500,3838],{"class":194},[61,72502,816],{"class":190},[61,72504,83],{"class":75},[61,72506,522],{"class":190},[61,72508,3847],{"class":194},[61,72510,816],{"class":190},[61,72512,83],{"class":75},[61,72514,522],{"class":190},[61,72516,32976],{"class":194},[61,72518,816],{"class":190},[61,72520,94],{"class":75},[61,72522,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72524,1580],{"class":67},[61,72526,72],{"class":71},[61,72528,522],{"class":190},[61,72530,22290],{"class":194},[61,72532,528],{"class":190},[61,72534,72535],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,72536,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,72538,72539,72541,72543,72545,72547],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,72540,6758],{"class":3634},[61,72542,21341],{"class":67},[61,72544,3641],{"class":71},[61,72546,5725],{"class":67},[61,72548,6152],{"class":75},[61,72550,72551,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,72552,72553],{"class":67},"    items",[61,72555,244],{"class":75},[61,72557,34549],{"class":112},[61,72559,109],{"class":75},[61,72561,1605],{"class":112},[61,72563,116],{"class":75},[61,72565,72566],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,72567,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,72569,72570,72572,72574,72576],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,72571,130],{"class":129},[61,72573,109],{"class":75},[61,72575,993],{"class":112},[61,72577,116],{"class":75},[14,72579,157],{},[52,72581,72583],{"className":54,"code":72582,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72584,72585],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72586,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72588,3658],{"class":75},[61,72590,198],{"class":190},[61,72592,3838],{"class":194},[61,72594,198],{"class":190},[61,72596,83],{"class":75},[61,72598,191],{"class":190},[61,72600,3847],{"class":194},[61,72602,198],{"class":190},[61,72604,83],{"class":75},[61,72606,191],{"class":190},[61,72608,32976],{"class":194},[61,72610,198],{"class":190},[61,72612,94],{"class":75},[14,72614,72615,72616,72618],{},"This avoids the error because ",[18,72617,55287],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72620,72621,72622,244],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[235,72623,65585],{"href":72624},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[47,72626,72628],{"id":72627},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72630,72631,4154,72633,72635],{},[18,72632,55287],{},[18,72634,12518],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[26,72637,72638,72645,72651,72657],{},[29,72639,72640,72642,72643],{},[18,72641,55287],{}," deletes by ",[603,72644,1605],{},[29,72646,72647,72642,72649],{},[18,72648,12518],{},[603,72650,35602],{},[29,72652,72653,2158,72655],{},[18,72654,55287],{},[18,72656,3536],{},[29,72658,72659,72661],{},[18,72660,12518],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72663,45798,72664,824],{},[18,72665,55287],{},[52,72667,72669],{"className":54,"code":72668,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72670,72671,72703,72721],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72672,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685,72687,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72674,7539],{"class":67},[61,72676,72],{"class":71},[61,72678,76],{"class":75},[61,72680,816],{"class":190},[61,72682,3838],{"class":194},[61,72684,816],{"class":190},[61,72686,83],{"class":75},[61,72688,522],{"class":190},[61,72690,3847],{"class":194},[61,72692,816],{"class":190},[61,72694,83],{"class":75},[61,72696,522],{"class":190},[61,72698,32976],{"class":194},[61,72700,816],{"class":190},[61,72702,94],{"class":75},[61,72704,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72706,993],{"class":67},[61,72708,244],{"class":75},[61,72710,34549],{"class":112},[61,72712,109],{"class":75},[61,72714,816],{"class":190},[61,72716,3847],{"class":194},[61,72718,816],{"class":190},[61,72720,116],{"class":75},[61,72722,72723,72725,72727,72729],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,72724,130],{"class":129},[61,72726,109],{"class":75},[61,72728,993],{"class":112},[61,72730,116],{"class":75},[14,72732,157],{},[52,72734,72736],{"className":54,"code":72735,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72737,72738],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72739,72740,72742,72744,72746,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72741,3658],{"class":75},[61,72743,198],{"class":190},[61,72745,3838],{"class":194},[61,72747,198],{"class":190},[61,72749,83],{"class":75},[61,72751,191],{"class":190},[61,72753,32976],{"class":194},[61,72755,198],{"class":190},[61,72757,94],{"class":75},[14,72759,45798,72760,824],{},[18,72761,12518],{},[52,72763,72765],{"className":54,"code":72764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[18,72766,72767,72799,72818,72822,72832],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72768,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72770,7539],{"class":67},[61,72772,72],{"class":71},[61,72774,76],{"class":75},[61,72776,816],{"class":190},[61,72778,3838],{"class":194},[61,72780,816],{"class":190},[61,72782,83],{"class":75},[61,72784,522],{"class":190},[61,72786,3847],{"class":194},[61,72788,816],{"class":190},[61,72790,83],{"class":75},[61,72792,522],{"class":190},[61,72794,32976],{"class":194},[61,72796,816],{"class":190},[61,72798,94],{"class":75},[61,72800,72801,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72802,72803],{"class":67},"removed_item ",[61,72805,72],{"class":71},[61,72807,5725],{"class":67},[61,72809,244],{"class":75},[61,72811,25998],{"class":112},[61,72813,109],{"class":75},[61,72815,80],{"class":79},[61,72817,116],{"class":75},[61,72819,72820],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,72821,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,72823,72824,72826,72828,72830],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,72825,130],{"class":129},[61,72827,109],{"class":75},[61,72829,993],{"class":112},[61,72831,116],{"class":75},[61,72833,72834,72836,72838,72841],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,72835,130],{"class":129},[61,72837,109],{"class":75},[61,72839,72840],{"class":112},"removed_item",[61,72842,116],{"class":75},[14,72844,157],{},[52,72846,72848],{"className":54,"code":72847,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[18,72849,72850,72870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72851,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72853,3658],{"class":75},[61,72855,198],{"class":190},[61,72857,3838],{"class":194},[61,72859,198],{"class":190},[61,72861,83],{"class":75},[61,72863,191],{"class":190},[61,72865,32976],{"class":194},[61,72867,198],{"class":190},[61,72869,94],{"class":75},[61,72871,72872],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72873,70152],{"class":67},[14,72875,204,72876,72878],{},[18,72877,55287],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,72880,204,72881,72883],{},[18,72882,12518],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,72885,72886,72887,244],{},"For more detail, see the ",[235,72888,72889],{"href":54837},"Python list pop() method",[47,72891,72893],{"id":72892},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,72895,72896,4154,72898,72900],{},[18,72897,55287],{},[18,72899,26781],{}," are also different.",[26,72902,72903,72908,72913,72918],{},[29,72904,72905,72907],{},[18,72906,55287],{}," deletes by matching value",[29,72909,72910,72912],{},[18,72911,26781],{}," deletes by index or slice",[29,72914,204,72915,72917],{},[18,72916,26781],{}," when you know the position",[29,72919,204,72920,72922],{},[18,72921,55287],{}," when you know the item value",[14,72924,45798,72925,824],{},[18,72926,26781],{},[52,72928,72930],{"className":54,"code":72929,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[18,72931,72932,72964,72976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72933,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948,72950,72952,72954,72956,72958,72960,72962],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72935,7539],{"class":67},[61,72937,72],{"class":71},[61,72939,76],{"class":75},[61,72941,816],{"class":190},[61,72943,3838],{"class":194},[61,72945,816],{"class":190},[61,72947,83],{"class":75},[61,72949,522],{"class":190},[61,72951,3847],{"class":194},[61,72953,816],{"class":190},[61,72955,83],{"class":75},[61,72957,522],{"class":190},[61,72959,32976],{"class":194},[61,72961,816],{"class":190},[61,72963,94],{"class":75},[61,72965,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,72967,26781],{"class":3634},[61,72969,5725],{"class":67},[61,72971,3658],{"class":75},[61,72973,80],{"class":79},[61,72975,94],{"class":75},[61,72977,72978,72980,72982,72984],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,72979,130],{"class":129},[61,72981,109],{"class":75},[61,72983,993],{"class":112},[61,72985,116],{"class":75},[14,72987,157],{},[52,72989,72990],{"className":54,"code":72735,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,72991,72992],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72993,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72995,3658],{"class":75},[61,72997,198],{"class":190},[61,72999,3838],{"class":194},[61,73001,198],{"class":190},[61,73003,83],{"class":75},[61,73005,191],{"class":190},[61,73007,32976],{"class":194},[61,73009,198],{"class":190},[61,73011,94],{"class":75},[14,73013,73014,73015,73017,73018,73020],{},"This removed the item at index ",[18,73016,80],{},", not the value ",[18,73019,65020],{}," directly.",[14,73022,73023,73024,244],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[235,73025,54826],{"href":54825},[47,73027,2590],{"id":2589},[14,73029,20968,73030,824],{},[18,73031,55287],{},[26,73033,73034,73037,73042,73049,73058],{},[29,73035,73036],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[29,73038,8211,73039,73041],{},[18,73040,55287],{}," to delete all matching values",[29,73043,12349,73044,73046,73047],{},[18,73045,55287],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[18,73048,3536],{},[29,73050,8175,73051,44387,73053,2638,73055,73057],{},[18,73052,55287],{},[18,73054,12518],{},[18,73056,26781],{}," would be a better fit",[29,73059,73060],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73062,71252],{},[52,73064,73066],{"className":54,"code":73065,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[18,73067,73068,73078,73092,73110,73124],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73069,73070,73072,73074,73076],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73071,130],{"class":129},[61,73073,109],{"class":75},[61,73075,8096],{"class":112},[61,73077,116],{"class":75},[61,73079,73080,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73081,130],{"class":129},[61,73083,109],{"class":75},[61,73085,1580],{"class":112},[61,73087,3641],{"class":3634},[61,73089,8153],{"class":112},[61,73091,116],{"class":75},[61,73093,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,73095,130],{"class":129},[61,73097,109],{"class":75},[61,73099,8096],{"class":112},[61,73101,244],{"class":75},[61,73103,41016],{"class":112},[61,73105,109],{"class":75},[61,73107,1605],{"class":112},[61,73109,154],{"class":75},[61,73111,73112,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,73113,130],{"class":129},[61,73115,109],{"class":75},[61,73117,147],{"class":105},[61,73119,109],{"class":75},[61,73121,8096],{"class":112},[61,73123,154],{"class":75},[61,73125,73126,73128,73130,73132,73134,73136],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,73127,31908],{"class":129},[61,73129,109],{"class":75},[61,73131,7852],{"class":105},[61,73133,244],{"class":75},[61,73135,34549],{"class":24507},[61,73137,116],{"class":75},[14,73139,73140],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[26,73142,73143,73146,73149,73152],{},[29,73144,73145],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[29,73147,73148],{},"How many times does it appear?",[29,73150,73151],{},"Am I working with a list?",[29,73153,73154],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73156,73157,73158,73160],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[235,73159,71416],{"href":58724}," may also help.",[47,73162,1620],{"id":1619},[408,73164,73166],{"id":73165},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73168,73169],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[408,73171,73173],{"id":73172},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73175,4911,73176,73178],{},[18,73177,3536],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[408,73180,73182],{"id":73181},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73184,73185,73186,73189,73190,244],{},"Check with ",[18,73187,73188],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[18,73191,55287],{},[408,73193,73195],{"id":73194},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73197,204,73198,73200,73201,73203],{},[18,73199,55287],{}," for a value and ",[18,73202,12518],{}," for an index.",[47,73205,1664],{"id":1663},[26,73207,73208,73212,73216,73220,73224],{},[29,73209,73210],{},[235,73211,55273],{"href":54825},[29,73213,73214],{},[235,73215,72889],{"href":54837},[29,73217,73218],{},[235,73219,71416],{"href":58724},[29,73221,73222],{},[235,73223,65585],{"href":72624},[29,73225,73226],{},[235,73227,73229],{"href":73228},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1693,73231,73232],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":73234},[73235,73236,73237,73238,73239,73240,73241,73242,73243,73244,73250],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":71561,"depth":97,"text":71562},{"id":5191,"depth":97,"text":5192},{"id":5545,"depth":97,"text":5546},{"id":72014,"depth":97,"text":72015},{"id":65375,"depth":97,"text":65376},{"id":72627,"depth":97,"text":72628},{"id":72892,"depth":97,"text":72893},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":73245},[73246,73247,73248,73249],{"id":73165,"depth":119,"text":73166},{"id":73172,"depth":119,"text":73173},{"id":73181,"depth":119,"text":73182},{"id":73194,"depth":119,"text":73195},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71464,"description":73251},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73258,"title":73259,"body":73260,"description":75151,"extension":1727,"meta":75152,"navigation":122,"path":75153,"seo":75154,"stem":75155,"__hash__":75156},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73261,"toc":75121},[73262,73268,73274,73277,73288,73290,73339,73344,73349,73353,73368,73370,73435,73437,73478,73480,73482,73497,73499,73510,73512,73569,73571,73604,73606,73609,73658,73660,73685,73687,73703,73709,73716,73777,73779,73812,73817,73820,73900,73902,73963,73969,73973,73976,74040,74042,74067,74069,74089,74091,74140,74142,74163,74172,74175,74179,74184,74229,74231,74252,74258,74263,74271,74335,74337,74374,74380,74384,74391,74456,74458,74495,74499,74516,74526,74531,74536,74547,74554,74556,74562,74585,74588,74615,74620,74623,74724,74726,74781,74784,74891,74893,74964,74967,74993,74995,75000,75004,75012,75017,75022,75028,75033,75037,75040,75057,75060,75080,75088,75090,75118],[10,73263,54100,73265,11075],{"id":73264},"python-list-reverse-method",[18,73266,73267],{},"reverse()",[14,73269,73270,73273],{},[18,73271,73272],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73275,73276],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73278,73279,73280,73282,73283,73287],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[18,73281,73267],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[235,73284,73286],{"href":73285},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[47,73289,3366],{"id":3365},[52,73291,73293],{"className":54,"code":73292,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73294,73295,73315,73326],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73296,73297,73299,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311,73313],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73298,68],{"class":67},[61,73300,72],{"class":71},[61,73302,76],{"class":75},[61,73304,80],{"class":79},[61,73306,83],{"class":75},[61,73308,86],{"class":79},[61,73310,83],{"class":75},[61,73312,91],{"class":79},[61,73314,94],{"class":75},[61,73316,73317,73319,73321,73324],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73318,113],{"class":67},[61,73320,244],{"class":75},[61,73322,73323],{"class":112},"reverse",[61,73325,263],{"class":75},[61,73327,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,73329,130],{"class":129},[61,73331,109],{"class":75},[61,73333,113],{"class":112},[61,73335,3417],{"class":75},[61,73337,73338],{"class":3420},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73340,73341,73343],{},[18,73342,73267],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[47,73345,3435,73347,3438],{"id":73346},"what-listreverse-does",[18,73348,73272],{},[14,73350,73351,824],{},[18,73352,73272],{},[26,73354,73355,73358,73361,73365],{},[29,73356,73357],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[29,73359,73360],{},"Changes the original list directly",[29,73362,11177,73363],{},[18,73364,3536],{},[29,73366,73367],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73369,1109],{},[52,73371,73373],{"className":54,"code":73372,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[18,73374,73375,73415,73425],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73376,73377,73379,73381,73383,73385,73387,73389,73391,73393,73395,73397,73399,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73378,35847],{"class":67},[61,73380,72],{"class":71},[61,73382,76],{"class":75},[61,73384,816],{"class":190},[61,73386,235],{"class":194},[61,73388,816],{"class":190},[61,73390,83],{"class":75},[61,73392,522],{"class":190},[61,73394,1480],{"class":194},[61,73396,816],{"class":190},[61,73398,83],{"class":75},[61,73400,522],{"class":190},[61,73402,573],{"class":194},[61,73404,816],{"class":190},[61,73406,83],{"class":75},[61,73408,522],{"class":190},[61,73410,18523],{"class":194},[61,73412,816],{"class":190},[61,73414,94],{"class":75},[61,73416,73417,73419,73421,73423],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73418,35900],{"class":67},[61,73420,244],{"class":75},[61,73422,73323],{"class":112},[61,73424,263],{"class":75},[61,73426,73427,73429,73431,73433],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,73428,130],{"class":129},[61,73430,109],{"class":75},[61,73432,35900],{"class":112},[61,73434,116],{"class":75},[14,73436,157],{},[52,73438,73440],{"className":54,"code":73439,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[18,73441,73442],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73443,73444,73446,73448,73450,73452,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73445,3658],{"class":75},[61,73447,198],{"class":190},[61,73449,18523],{"class":194},[61,73451,198],{"class":190},[61,73453,83],{"class":75},[61,73455,191],{"class":190},[61,73457,573],{"class":194},[61,73459,198],{"class":190},[61,73461,83],{"class":75},[61,73463,191],{"class":190},[61,73465,1480],{"class":194},[61,73467,198],{"class":190},[61,73469,83],{"class":75},[61,73471,191],{"class":190},[61,73473,235],{"class":194},[61,73475,198],{"class":190},[61,73477,94],{"class":75},[47,73479,248],{"id":247},[14,73481,1922],{},[52,73483,73485],{"className":54,"code":73484,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.reverse()\n",[18,73486,73487],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73488,73489,73491,73493,73495],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73490,8096],{"class":67},[61,73492,244],{"class":75},[61,73494,73323],{"class":112},[61,73496,263],{"class":75},[14,73498,12807],{},[26,73500,73501,73504,73507],{},[29,73502,73503],{},"No arguments are needed",[29,73505,73506],{},"You call it on an existing list",[29,73508,73509],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73511,1109],{},[52,73513,73515],{"className":54,"code":73514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[18,73516,73517,73549,73559],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73518,73519,73521,73523,73525,73527,73529,73531,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541,73543,73545,73547],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73520,12831],{"class":67},[61,73522,72],{"class":71},[61,73524,76],{"class":75},[61,73526,816],{"class":190},[61,73528,12848],{"class":194},[61,73530,816],{"class":190},[61,73532,83],{"class":75},[61,73534,522],{"class":190},[61,73536,17212],{"class":194},[61,73538,816],{"class":190},[61,73540,83],{"class":75},[61,73542,522],{"class":190},[61,73544,12865],{"class":194},[61,73546,816],{"class":190},[61,73548,94],{"class":75},[61,73550,73551,73553,73555,73557],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73552,17259],{"class":67},[61,73554,244],{"class":75},[61,73556,73323],{"class":112},[61,73558,263],{"class":75},[61,73560,73561,73563,73565,73567],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,73562,130],{"class":129},[61,73564,109],{"class":75},[61,73566,17259],{"class":112},[61,73568,116],{"class":75},[14,73570,157],{},[52,73572,73574],{"className":54,"code":73573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[18,73575,73576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73577,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73579,3658],{"class":75},[61,73581,198],{"class":190},[61,73583,12865],{"class":194},[61,73585,198],{"class":190},[61,73587,83],{"class":75},[61,73589,191],{"class":190},[61,73591,17212],{"class":194},[61,73593,198],{"class":190},[61,73595,83],{"class":75},[61,73597,191],{"class":190},[61,73599,12848],{"class":194},[61,73601,198],{"class":190},[61,73603,94],{"class":75},[47,73605,11228],{"id":11227},[14,73607,73608],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[52,73610,73612],{"className":54,"code":73611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73613,73614,73638,73648],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73615,73616,73618,73620,73622,73624,73626,73628,73630,73632,73634,73636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73617,68],{"class":67},[61,73619,72],{"class":71},[61,73621,76],{"class":75},[61,73623,430],{"class":79},[61,73625,83],{"class":75},[61,73627,435],{"class":79},[61,73629,83],{"class":75},[61,73631,440],{"class":79},[61,73633,83],{"class":75},[61,73635,50601],{"class":79},[61,73637,94],{"class":75},[61,73639,73640,73642,73644,73646],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73641,113],{"class":67},[61,73643,244],{"class":75},[61,73645,73323],{"class":112},[61,73647,263],{"class":75},[61,73649,73650,73652,73654,73656],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,73651,130],{"class":129},[61,73653,109],{"class":75},[61,73655,113],{"class":112},[61,73657,116],{"class":75},[14,73659,157],{},[52,73661,73663],{"className":54,"code":73662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,73664,73665],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73666,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679,73681,73683],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73668,3658],{"class":75},[61,73670,56451],{"class":79},[61,73672,83],{"class":75},[61,73674,440],{"class":79},[61,73676,83],{"class":75},[61,73678,435],{"class":79},[61,73680,83],{"class":75},[61,73682,5763],{"class":79},[61,73684,94],{"class":75},[14,73686,11437],{},[26,73688,73689,73695,73700],{},[29,73690,73691,73692],{},"The list starts as ",[18,73693,73694],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[29,73696,73697,73699],{},[18,73698,73267],{}," flips the order",[29,73701,73702],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[47,73704,73706,73708],{"id":73705},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[18,73707,73267],{}," changes the original list",[14,73710,73711,73712,73715],{},"This method is ",[603,73713,73714],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[52,73717,73719],{"className":54,"code":73718,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,73720,73721,73753,73763,73767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73722,73723,73725,73727,73729,73731,73733,73735,73737,73739,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749,73751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73724,35995],{"class":67},[61,73726,72],{"class":71},[61,73728,76],{"class":75},[61,73730,816],{"class":190},[61,73732,3838],{"class":194},[61,73734,816],{"class":190},[61,73736,83],{"class":75},[61,73738,522],{"class":190},[61,73740,3847],{"class":194},[61,73742,816],{"class":190},[61,73744,83],{"class":75},[61,73746,522],{"class":190},[61,73748,3856],{"class":194},[61,73750,816],{"class":190},[61,73752,94],{"class":75},[61,73754,73755,73757,73759,73761],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73756,36047],{"class":67},[61,73758,244],{"class":75},[61,73760,73323],{"class":112},[61,73762,263],{"class":75},[61,73764,73765],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,73766,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,73768,73769,73771,73773,73775],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,73770,130],{"class":129},[61,73772,109],{"class":75},[61,73774,36047],{"class":112},[61,73776,116],{"class":75},[14,73778,157],{},[52,73780,73782],{"className":54,"code":73781,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,73783,73784],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73785,73786,73788,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73787,3658],{"class":75},[61,73789,198],{"class":190},[61,73791,3856],{"class":194},[61,73793,198],{"class":190},[61,73795,83],{"class":75},[61,73797,191],{"class":190},[61,73799,3847],{"class":194},[61,73801,198],{"class":190},[61,73803,83],{"class":75},[61,73805,191],{"class":190},[61,73807,3838],{"class":194},[61,73809,198],{"class":190},[61,73811,94],{"class":75},[14,73813,204,73814,73816],{},[18,73815,73267],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,73818,73819],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[52,73821,73823],{"className":54,"code":73822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[18,73824,73825,73857,73875,73879,73889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73826,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843,73845,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73828,35995],{"class":67},[61,73830,72],{"class":71},[61,73832,76],{"class":75},[61,73834,816],{"class":190},[61,73836,3838],{"class":194},[61,73838,816],{"class":190},[61,73840,83],{"class":75},[61,73842,522],{"class":190},[61,73844,3847],{"class":194},[61,73846,816],{"class":190},[61,73848,83],{"class":75},[61,73850,522],{"class":190},[61,73852,3856],{"class":194},[61,73854,816],{"class":190},[61,73856,94],{"class":75},[61,73858,73859,73862,73864,73866,73869,73871,73873],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73860,73861],{"class":67},"reversed_fruits ",[61,73863,72],{"class":71},[61,73865,52609],{"class":67},[61,73867,73868],{"class":75},"[::",[61,73870,1786],{"class":71},[61,73872,80],{"class":79},[61,73874,94],{"class":75},[61,73876,73877],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,73878,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,73880,73881,73883,73885,73887],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,73882,130],{"class":129},[61,73884,109],{"class":75},[61,73886,36047],{"class":112},[61,73888,116],{"class":75},[61,73890,73891,73893,73895,73898],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,73892,130],{"class":129},[61,73894,109],{"class":75},[61,73896,73897],{"class":112},"reversed_fruits",[61,73899,116],{"class":75},[14,73901,157],{},[52,73903,73905],{"className":54,"code":73904,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,73906,73907,73935],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73908,73909,73911,73913,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73910,3658],{"class":75},[61,73912,198],{"class":190},[61,73914,3838],{"class":194},[61,73916,198],{"class":190},[61,73918,83],{"class":75},[61,73920,191],{"class":190},[61,73922,3847],{"class":194},[61,73924,198],{"class":190},[61,73926,83],{"class":75},[61,73928,191],{"class":190},[61,73930,3856],{"class":194},[61,73932,198],{"class":190},[61,73934,94],{"class":75},[61,73936,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951,73953,73955,73957,73959,73961],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,73938,3658],{"class":75},[61,73940,198],{"class":190},[61,73942,3856],{"class":194},[61,73944,198],{"class":190},[61,73946,83],{"class":75},[61,73948,191],{"class":190},[61,73950,3847],{"class":194},[61,73952,198],{"class":190},[61,73954,83],{"class":75},[61,73956,191],{"class":190},[61,73958,3838],{"class":194},[61,73960,198],{"class":190},[61,73962,94],{"class":75},[14,73964,73965,73966,244],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[235,73967,73968],{"href":73285},"Python list slicing explained",[47,73970,73972],{"id":73971},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,73974,73975],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[52,73977,73979],{"className":54,"code":73978,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73980,73981,74001,74015,74019,74030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73982,73983,73985,73987,73989,73991,73993,73995,73997,73999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73984,68],{"class":67},[61,73986,72],{"class":71},[61,73988,76],{"class":75},[61,73990,80],{"class":79},[61,73992,83],{"class":75},[61,73994,86],{"class":79},[61,73996,83],{"class":75},[61,73998,91],{"class":79},[61,74000,94],{"class":75},[61,74002,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74004,55648],{"class":67},[61,74006,72],{"class":71},[61,74008,4023],{"class":67},[61,74010,244],{"class":75},[61,74012,73323],{"class":112},[61,74014,263],{"class":75},[61,74016,74017],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,74018,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,74020,74021,74023,74025,74028],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,74022,130],{"class":129},[61,74024,109],{"class":75},[61,74026,74027],{"class":112},"new_list",[61,74029,116],{"class":75},[61,74031,74032,74034,74036,74038],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,74033,130],{"class":129},[61,74035,109],{"class":75},[61,74037,113],{"class":112},[61,74039,116],{"class":75},[14,74041,157],{},[52,74043,74045],{"className":54,"code":74044,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74046,74047,74051],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74048,74049],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74050,11562],{"class":3609},[61,74052,74053,74055,74057,74059,74061,74063,74065],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74054,3658],{"class":75},[61,74056,1827],{"class":79},[61,74058,83],{"class":75},[61,74060,86],{"class":79},[61,74062,83],{"class":75},[61,74064,680],{"class":79},[61,74066,94],{"class":75},[14,74068,11654],{},[26,74070,74071,74079,74083],{},[29,74072,74073,74075,74076,74078],{},[18,74074,73267],{}," changes ",[18,74077,113],{}," directly",[29,74080,1386,74081,71585],{},[603,74082,605],{},[29,74084,53411,74085,41912,74087],{},[18,74086,74027],{},[18,74088,3536],{},[14,74090,61652],{},[52,74092,74094],{"className":54,"code":74093,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74095,74096,74116,74126,74130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74097,74098,74100,74102,74104,74106,74108,74110,74112,74114],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74099,68],{"class":67},[61,74101,72],{"class":71},[61,74103,76],{"class":75},[61,74105,80],{"class":79},[61,74107,83],{"class":75},[61,74109,86],{"class":79},[61,74111,83],{"class":75},[61,74113,91],{"class":79},[61,74115,94],{"class":75},[61,74117,74118,74120,74122,74124],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74119,113],{"class":67},[61,74121,244],{"class":75},[61,74123,73323],{"class":112},[61,74125,263],{"class":75},[61,74127,74128],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,74129,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,74131,74132,74134,74136,74138],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,74133,130],{"class":129},[61,74135,109],{"class":75},[61,74137,113],{"class":112},[61,74139,116],{"class":75},[14,74141,157],{},[52,74143,74145],{"className":54,"code":74144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74146,74147],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74148,74149,74151,74153,74155,74157,74159,74161],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74150,3658],{"class":75},[61,74152,1827],{"class":79},[61,74154,83],{"class":75},[61,74156,86],{"class":79},[61,74158,83],{"class":75},[61,74160,680],{"class":79},[61,74162,94],{"class":75},[47,74164,74166,10337,74168,74171],{"id":74165},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[18,74167,73267],{},[18,74169,74170],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74173,74174],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[408,74176,74177],{"id":73323},[18,74178,73267],{},[14,74180,74181,74183],{},[18,74182,73267],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[52,74185,74187],{"className":54,"code":74186,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74188,74189,74209,74219],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74190,74191,74193,74195,74197,74199,74201,74203,74205,74207],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74192,68],{"class":67},[61,74194,72],{"class":71},[61,74196,76],{"class":75},[61,74198,1827],{"class":79},[61,74200,83],{"class":75},[61,74202,680],{"class":79},[61,74204,83],{"class":75},[61,74206,86],{"class":79},[61,74208,94],{"class":75},[61,74210,74211,74213,74215,74217],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74212,113],{"class":67},[61,74214,244],{"class":75},[61,74216,73323],{"class":112},[61,74218,263],{"class":75},[61,74220,74221,74223,74225,74227],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,74222,130],{"class":129},[61,74224,109],{"class":75},[61,74226,113],{"class":112},[61,74228,116],{"class":75},[14,74230,157],{},[52,74232,74234],{"className":54,"code":74233,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74235,74236],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74237,74238,74240,74242,74244,74246,74248,74250],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74239,3658],{"class":75},[61,74241,1821],{"class":79},[61,74243,83],{"class":75},[61,74245,680],{"class":79},[61,74247,83],{"class":75},[61,74249,91],{"class":79},[61,74251,94],{"class":75},[14,74253,74254,74255,74257],{},"Notice that this is ",[603,74256,605],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[408,74259,74261],{"id":74260},"sorted",[18,74262,74170],{},[14,74264,74265,74270],{},[235,74266,74268],{"href":74267},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[18,74269,74170],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[52,74272,74274],{"className":54,"code":74273,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74275,74276,74296,74311,74315,74325],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74277,74278,74280,74282,74284,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74279,68],{"class":67},[61,74281,72],{"class":71},[61,74283,76],{"class":75},[61,74285,1827],{"class":79},[61,74287,83],{"class":75},[61,74289,680],{"class":79},[61,74291,83],{"class":75},[61,74293,86],{"class":79},[61,74295,94],{"class":75},[61,74297,74298,74300,74302,74305,74307,74309],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74299,100],{"class":67},[61,74301,72],{"class":71},[61,74303,74304],{"class":129}," sorted",[61,74306,109],{"class":75},[61,74308,113],{"class":112},[61,74310,116],{"class":75},[61,74312,74313],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,74314,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,74316,74317,74319,74321,74323],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,74318,130],{"class":129},[61,74320,109],{"class":75},[61,74322,113],{"class":112},[61,74324,116],{"class":75},[61,74326,74327,74329,74331,74333],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,74328,130],{"class":129},[61,74330,109],{"class":75},[61,74332,135],{"class":112},[61,74334,116],{"class":75},[14,74336,157],{},[52,74338,74340],{"className":54,"code":74339,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74341,74342,74358],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74343,74344,74346,74348,74350,74352,74354,74356],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74345,3658],{"class":75},[61,74347,1827],{"class":79},[61,74349,83],{"class":75},[61,74351,680],{"class":79},[61,74353,83],{"class":75},[61,74355,86],{"class":79},[61,74357,94],{"class":75},[61,74359,74360,74362,74364,74366,74368,74370,74372],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74361,3658],{"class":75},[61,74363,80],{"class":79},[61,74365,83],{"class":75},[61,74367,86],{"class":79},[61,74369,83],{"class":75},[61,74371,91],{"class":79},[61,74373,94],{"class":75},[14,74375,74376,74377,244],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[18,74378,74379],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[408,74381,74383],{"id":74382},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74385,74386,74387,74390],{},"Slicing with ",[18,74388,74389],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[52,74392,74394],{"className":54,"code":74393,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74395,74396,74416,74432,74436,74446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74397,74398,74400,74402,74404,74406,74408,74410,74412,74414],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74399,68],{"class":67},[61,74401,72],{"class":71},[61,74403,76],{"class":75},[61,74405,1827],{"class":79},[61,74407,83],{"class":75},[61,74409,680],{"class":79},[61,74411,83],{"class":75},[61,74413,86],{"class":79},[61,74415,94],{"class":75},[61,74417,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426,74428,74430],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74419,100],{"class":67},[61,74421,72],{"class":71},[61,74423,4023],{"class":67},[61,74425,73868],{"class":75},[61,74427,1786],{"class":71},[61,74429,80],{"class":79},[61,74431,94],{"class":75},[61,74433,74434],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,74435,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,74437,74438,74440,74442,74444],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,74439,130],{"class":129},[61,74441,109],{"class":75},[61,74443,113],{"class":112},[61,74445,116],{"class":75},[61,74447,74448,74450,74452,74454],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,74449,130],{"class":129},[61,74451,109],{"class":75},[61,74453,135],{"class":112},[61,74455,116],{"class":75},[14,74457,157],{},[52,74459,74461],{"className":54,"code":74460,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74462,74463,74479],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74464,74465,74467,74469,74471,74473,74475,74477],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74466,3658],{"class":75},[61,74468,1827],{"class":79},[61,74470,83],{"class":75},[61,74472,680],{"class":79},[61,74474,83],{"class":75},[61,74476,86],{"class":79},[61,74478,94],{"class":75},[61,74480,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74482,3658],{"class":75},[61,74484,1821],{"class":79},[61,74486,83],{"class":75},[61,74488,680],{"class":79},[61,74490,83],{"class":75},[61,74492,91],{"class":79},[61,74494,94],{"class":75},[408,74496,74498],{"id":74497},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[26,74500,74501,74506,74511],{},[29,74502,204,74503,74505],{},[18,74504,73267],{}," when you want to change the original list",[29,74507,204,74508,74510],{},[18,74509,74389],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[29,74512,204,74513,74515],{},[18,74514,74170],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74517,74518,74519,74525],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[235,74520,74522,74523,10492],{"href":74521},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[18,74524,64057],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[47,74527,4723,74529],{"id":74528},"when-to-use-reverse",[18,74530,73267],{},[14,74532,74533,74535],{},[18,74534,73267],{}," is a good choice:",[26,74537,74538,74541,74544],{},[29,74539,74540],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[29,74542,74543],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[29,74545,74546],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74548,74549,74550,244],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[235,74551,74553],{"href":74552},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[47,74555,2590],{"id":2589},[14,74557,74558,74559,74561],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[18,74560,73267],{}," for these reasons:",[26,74563,74564,74568,74573,74578],{},[29,74565,12349,74566,12352],{},[18,74567,73267],{},[29,74569,8211,74570,74572],{},[18,74571,73267],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[29,74574,8175,74575,74577],{},[18,74576,73267],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[29,74579,36960,74580,8463,74582],{},[18,74581,73267],{},[18,74583,74584],{},"reversed()",[14,74586,74587],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[52,74589,74591],{"className":54,"code":74590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[18,74592,74593,74605],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74594,74595,74597,74599,74601,74603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74596,517],{"class":67},[61,74598,72],{"class":71},[61,74600,522],{"class":190},[61,74602,1323],{"class":194},[61,74604,528],{"class":190},[61,74606,74607,74609,74611,74613],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74608,541],{"class":67},[61,74610,244],{"class":75},[61,74612,73323],{"class":112},[61,74614,263],{"class":75},[14,74616,74617,74618,33356],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[18,74619,73267],{},[14,74621,74622],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[52,74624,74626],{"className":54,"code":74625,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74627,74628,74648,74652,74662,74676,74680,74694,74704,74708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74629,74630,74632,74634,74636,74638,74640,74642,74644,74646],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74631,8065],{"class":67},[61,74633,72],{"class":71},[61,74635,76],{"class":75},[61,74637,80],{"class":79},[61,74639,83],{"class":75},[61,74641,86],{"class":79},[61,74643,83],{"class":75},[61,74645,91],{"class":79},[61,74647,94],{"class":75},[61,74649,74650],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74651,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,74653,74654,74656,74658,74660],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,74655,130],{"class":129},[61,74657,109],{"class":75},[61,74659,8096],{"class":112},[61,74661,116],{"class":75},[61,74663,74664,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,74665,130],{"class":129},[61,74667,109],{"class":75},[61,74669,147],{"class":105},[61,74671,109],{"class":75},[61,74673,8096],{"class":112},[61,74675,154],{"class":75},[61,74677,74678],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,74679,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,74681,74682,74684,74686,74688,74690,74692],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,74683,100],{"class":67},[61,74685,72],{"class":71},[61,74687,8153],{"class":67},[61,74689,244],{"class":75},[61,74691,73323],{"class":112},[61,74693,263],{"class":75},[61,74695,74696,74698,74700,74702],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,74697,130],{"class":129},[61,74699,109],{"class":75},[61,74701,135],{"class":112},[61,74703,116],{"class":75},[61,74705,74706],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,74707,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,74709,74710,74712,74714,74716,74718,74720,74722],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,74711,130],{"class":129},[61,74713,109],{"class":75},[61,74715,8096],{"class":112},[61,74717,73868],{"class":75},[61,74719,1786],{"class":71},[61,74721,80],{"class":79},[61,74723,1137],{"class":75},[14,74725,157],{},[52,74727,74729],{"className":54,"code":74728,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[18,74730,74731,74747,74761,74765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74732,74733,74735,74737,74739,74741,74743,74745],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74734,3658],{"class":75},[61,74736,80],{"class":79},[61,74738,83],{"class":75},[61,74740,86],{"class":79},[61,74742,83],{"class":75},[61,74744,91],{"class":79},[61,74746,94],{"class":75},[61,74748,74749,74751,74753,74755,74757,74759],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74750,183],{"class":71},[61,74752,187],{"class":186},[61,74754,191],{"class":190},[61,74756,7852],{"class":194},[61,74758,198],{"class":190},[61,74760,201],{"class":71},[61,74762,74763],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,74764,11562],{"class":3609},[61,74766,74767,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777,74779],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,74768,3658],{"class":75},[61,74770,80],{"class":79},[61,74772,83],{"class":75},[61,74774,86],{"class":79},[61,74776,83],{"class":75},[61,74778,680],{"class":79},[61,74780,94],{"class":75},[14,74782,74783],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[52,74785,74787],{"className":54,"code":74786,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74788,74789,74809,74813,74823,74837,74841,74855,74865,74875],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74790,74791,74793,74795,74797,74799,74801,74803,74805,74807],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74792,8065],{"class":67},[61,74794,72],{"class":71},[61,74796,76],{"class":75},[61,74798,80],{"class":79},[61,74800,83],{"class":75},[61,74802,86],{"class":79},[61,74804,83],{"class":75},[61,74806,91],{"class":79},[61,74808,94],{"class":75},[61,74810,74811],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74812,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,74814,74815,74817,74819,74821],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,74816,130],{"class":129},[61,74818,109],{"class":75},[61,74820,8096],{"class":112},[61,74822,116],{"class":75},[61,74824,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833,74835],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,74826,130],{"class":129},[61,74828,109],{"class":75},[61,74830,147],{"class":105},[61,74832,109],{"class":75},[61,74834,8096],{"class":112},[61,74836,154],{"class":75},[61,74838,74839],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,74840,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,74842,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,74844,100],{"class":67},[61,74846,72],{"class":71},[61,74848,8153],{"class":67},[61,74850,244],{"class":75},[61,74852,73323],{"class":112},[61,74854,263],{"class":75},[61,74856,74857,74859,74861,74863],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,74858,130],{"class":129},[61,74860,109],{"class":75},[61,74862,135],{"class":112},[61,74864,116],{"class":75},[61,74866,74867,74869,74871,74873],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,74868,130],{"class":129},[61,74870,109],{"class":75},[61,74872,8096],{"class":112},[61,74874,116],{"class":75},[61,74876,74877,74879,74881,74883,74885,74887,74889],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,74878,130],{"class":129},[61,74880,109],{"class":75},[61,74882,8096],{"class":112},[61,74884,73868],{"class":75},[61,74886,1786],{"class":71},[61,74888,80],{"class":79},[61,74890,1137],{"class":75},[14,74892,157],{},[52,74894,74896],{"className":54,"code":74895,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74897,74898,74914,74928,74932,74948],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74899,74900,74902,74904,74906,74908,74910,74912],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74901,3658],{"class":75},[61,74903,80],{"class":79},[61,74905,83],{"class":75},[61,74907,86],{"class":79},[61,74909,83],{"class":75},[61,74911,91],{"class":79},[61,74913,94],{"class":75},[61,74915,74916,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,74917,183],{"class":71},[61,74919,187],{"class":186},[61,74921,191],{"class":190},[61,74923,7852],{"class":194},[61,74925,198],{"class":190},[61,74927,201],{"class":71},[61,74929,74930],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,74931,11562],{"class":3609},[61,74933,74934,74936,74938,74940,74942,74944,74946],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,74935,3658],{"class":75},[61,74937,1827],{"class":79},[61,74939,83],{"class":75},[61,74941,86],{"class":79},[61,74943,83],{"class":75},[61,74945,680],{"class":79},[61,74947,94],{"class":75},[61,74949,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960,74962],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,74951,3658],{"class":75},[61,74953,80],{"class":79},[61,74955,83],{"class":75},[61,74957,86],{"class":79},[61,74959,83],{"class":75},[61,74961,91],{"class":79},[61,74963,94],{"class":75},[14,74965,74966],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[26,74968,74969,74978,74987],{},[29,74970,27552,74971,74974,74975],{},[18,74972,74973],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[18,74976,74977],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[29,74979,11670,74980,74983,74984,22317],{},[18,74981,74982],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[603,74985,74986],{},"current",[29,74988,74989,74990],{},"So it prints ",[18,74991,74992],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[47,74994,1620],{"id":1619},[408,74996,12459,74998,55227],{"id":74997},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[18,74999,73272],{},[14,75001,62356,75002,244],{},[18,75003,3536],{},[408,75005,33961,75007,33964,75009,2251],{"id":75006},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[18,75008,73267],{},[18,75010,75011],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75013,75014,75016],{},[18,75015,73267],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75018,75019,75021],{},[18,75020,75011],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[408,75023,28085,75025,75027],{"id":75024},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[18,75026,73267],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75029,46123,75030,75032],{},[18,75031,73267],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[408,75034,75036],{"id":75035},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75038,75039],{},"Use slicing:",[52,75041,75043],{"className":54,"code":75042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list[::-1]\n",[18,75044,75045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75046,75047,75049,75051,75053,75055],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75048,8096],{"class":67},[61,75050,73868],{"class":75},[61,75052,1786],{"class":71},[61,75054,80],{"class":79},[61,75056,94],{"class":75},[14,75058,75059],{},"Or use:",[52,75061,75063],{"className":54,"code":75062,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[18,75064,75065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75066,75067,75069,75071,75074,75076,75078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75068,7852],{"class":105},[61,75070,109],{"class":75},[61,75072,75073],{"class":129},"reversed",[61,75075,109],{"class":75},[61,75077,8096],{"class":112},[61,75079,154],{"class":75},[14,75081,75082,75083,75087],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[235,75084,55278,75085],{"href":54718},[18,75086,12532],{}," can also help.",[47,75089,1664],{"id":1663},[26,75091,75092,75098,75104,75108,75112],{},[29,75093,75094],{},[235,75095,55278,75096,10492],{"href":74521},[18,75097,64057],{},[29,75099,75100],{},[235,75101,3332,75102,3265],{"href":74267},[18,75103,74170],{},[29,75105,75106],{},[235,75107,74553],{"href":74552},[29,75109,75110],{},[235,75111,73968],{"href":73285},[29,75113,75114],{},[235,75115,55278,75116,10492],{"href":54718},[18,75117,12532],{},[1693,75119,75120],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":75122},[75123,75124,75126,75127,75128,75130,75131,75138,75140,75141,75150],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":73346,"depth":97,"text":75125},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":73705,"depth":97,"text":75129},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73971,"depth":97,"text":73972},{"id":74165,"depth":97,"text":75132,"children":75133},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75134,75135,75136,75137],{"id":73323,"depth":119,"text":73267},{"id":74260,"depth":119,"text":74170},{"id":74382,"depth":119,"text":74383},{"id":74497,"depth":119,"text":74498},{"id":74528,"depth":97,"text":75139},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":75142},[75143,75145,75147,75149],{"id":74997,"depth":119,"text":75144},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75006,"depth":119,"text":75146},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75024,"depth":119,"text":75148},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75035,"depth":119,"text":75036},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73259,"description":75151},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75158,"title":75159,"body":75160,"description":77593,"extension":1727,"meta":77594,"navigation":122,"path":77595,"seo":77596,"stem":77597,"__hash__":77598},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75161,"toc":77561},[75162,75165,75177,75180,75203,75211,75213,75325,75334,75338,75341,75344,75431,75433,75466,75468,75491,75497,75501,75504,75526,75528,75545,75548,75568,75570,75680,75682,75759,75763,75766,75809,75811,75944,75946,76048,76053,76057,76060,76062,76076,76079,76193,76195,76269,76271,76299,76303,76308,76338,76341,76467,76469,76551,76557,76561,76563,76602,76611,76615,76618,76622,76669,76671,76679,76683,76734,76736,76749,76751,76765,76768,76776,76778,76825,76827,76835,76838,76881,76886,76889,76892,76915,76919,76970,76973,76994,77004,77008,77010,77040,77043,77066,77070,77073,77140,77142,77179,77182,77190,77257,77259,77296,77302,77309,77313,77316,77346,77351,77355,77358,77382,77385,77479,77489,77491,77495,77498,77502,77505,77510,77513,77519,77522,77524,77552,77558],[10,75163,75159],{"id":75164},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75166,75167,75168,1951,75170,16829,75173,75176],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[18,75169,35829],{},[18,75171,75172],{},"stop",[18,75174,75175],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75178,75179],{},"The basic slice form is:",[52,75181,75183],{"className":54,"code":75182,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[18,75184,75185],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75186,75187,75189,75191,75193,75195,75197,75199,75201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75188,8096],{"class":67},[61,75190,3658],{"class":75},[61,75192,35829],{"class":67},[61,75194,824],{"class":75},[61,75196,75172],{"class":67},[61,75198,824],{"class":75},[61,75200,75175],{"class":67},[61,75202,94],{"class":75},[14,75204,75205,75206,75208,75209,244],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[18,75207,75172],{}," position is ",[603,75210,64815],{},[47,75212,50],{"id":49},[52,75214,75216],{"className":54,"code":75215,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,75217,75218,75246,75250,75271,75289,75306],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75219,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238,75240,75242,75244],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75221,68],{"class":67},[61,75223,72],{"class":71},[61,75225,76],{"class":75},[61,75227,430],{"class":79},[61,75229,83],{"class":75},[61,75231,435],{"class":79},[61,75233,83],{"class":75},[61,75235,440],{"class":79},[61,75237,83],{"class":75},[61,75239,50601],{"class":79},[61,75241,83],{"class":75},[61,75243,4843],{"class":79},[61,75245,94],{"class":75},[61,75247,75248],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75249,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,75251,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260,75262,75264,75266,75268],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,75253,130],{"class":129},[61,75255,109],{"class":75},[61,75257,113],{"class":112},[61,75259,3658],{"class":75},[61,75261,80],{"class":79},[61,75263,824],{"class":75},[61,75265,1129],{"class":79},[61,75267,20202],{"class":75},[61,75269,75270],{"class":3420},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[61,75272,75273,75275,75277,75279,75282,75284,75286],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,75274,130],{"class":129},[61,75276,109],{"class":75},[61,75278,113],{"class":112},[61,75280,75281],{"class":75},"[:",[61,75283,1827],{"class":79},[61,75285,20202],{"class":75},[61,75287,75288],{"class":3420},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[61,75290,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301,75303],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,75292,130],{"class":129},[61,75294,109],{"class":75},[61,75296,113],{"class":112},[61,75298,73868],{"class":75},[61,75300,1821],{"class":79},[61,75302,20202],{"class":75},[61,75304,75305],{"class":3420},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[61,75307,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316,75318,75320,75322],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,75309,130],{"class":129},[61,75311,109],{"class":75},[61,75313,113],{"class":112},[61,75315,73868],{"class":75},[61,75317,1786],{"class":71},[61,75319,80],{"class":79},[61,75321,20202],{"class":75},[61,75323,75324],{"class":3420},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75326,204,75327,75330,75331,75333],{},[18,75328,75329],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[18,75332,75172],{}," value is not included.",[47,75335,75337],{"id":75336},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75339,75340],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75342,75343],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[52,75345,75347],{"className":54,"code":75346,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[18,75348,75349,75397,75401,75420],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75350,75351,75353,75355,75357,75359,75361,75363,75365,75367,75369,75371,75373,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75352,35847],{"class":67},[61,75354,72],{"class":71},[61,75356,76],{"class":75},[61,75358,816],{"class":190},[61,75360,235],{"class":194},[61,75362,816],{"class":190},[61,75364,83],{"class":75},[61,75366,522],{"class":190},[61,75368,1480],{"class":194},[61,75370,816],{"class":190},[61,75372,83],{"class":75},[61,75374,522],{"class":190},[61,75376,573],{"class":194},[61,75378,816],{"class":190},[61,75380,83],{"class":75},[61,75382,522],{"class":190},[61,75384,18523],{"class":194},[61,75386,816],{"class":190},[61,75388,83],{"class":75},[61,75390,522],{"class":190},[61,75392,1353],{"class":194},[61,75394,816],{"class":190},[61,75396,94],{"class":75},[61,75398,75399],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75400,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,75402,75403,75406,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416,75418],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,75404,75405],{"class":67},"part ",[61,75407,72],{"class":71},[61,75409,69842],{"class":67},[61,75411,3658],{"class":75},[61,75413,80],{"class":79},[61,75415,824],{"class":75},[61,75417,1129],{"class":79},[61,75419,94],{"class":75},[61,75421,75422,75424,75426,75429],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,75423,130],{"class":129},[61,75425,109],{"class":75},[61,75427,75428],{"class":112},"part",[61,75430,116],{"class":75},[14,75432,157],{},[52,75434,75436],{"className":54,"code":75435,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,75437,75438],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75439,75440,75442,75444,75446,75448,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458,75460,75462,75464],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75441,3658],{"class":75},[61,75443,198],{"class":190},[61,75445,1480],{"class":194},[61,75447,198],{"class":190},[61,75449,83],{"class":75},[61,75451,191],{"class":190},[61,75453,573],{"class":194},[61,75455,198],{"class":190},[61,75457,83],{"class":75},[61,75459,191],{"class":190},[61,75461,18523],{"class":194},[61,75463,198],{"class":190},[61,75465,94],{"class":75},[14,75467,12807],{},[26,75469,75470,75473,75476,75482,75488],{},[29,75471,75472],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[29,75474,75475],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[29,75477,75478,75479],{},"Basic form: ",[18,75480,75481],{},"list[start:stop]",[29,75483,75484,75485,75487],{},"The item at ",[18,75486,75172],{}," is not included",[29,75489,75490],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75492,75493,75494,244],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[235,75495,75496],{"href":50737},"beginner guide to Python lists",[47,75498,75500],{"id":75499},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75502,75503],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[52,75505,75506],{"className":54,"code":75182,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,75507,75508],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75509,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75511,8096],{"class":67},[61,75513,3658],{"class":75},[61,75515,35829],{"class":67},[61,75517,824],{"class":75},[61,75519,75172],{"class":67},[61,75521,824],{"class":75},[61,75523,75175],{"class":67},[61,75525,94],{"class":75},[14,75527,64791],{},[26,75529,75530,75535,75540],{},[29,75531,75532,75534],{},[18,75533,35829],{}," is where slicing begins",[29,75536,75537,75539],{},[18,75538,75172],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[29,75541,75542,75544],{},[18,75543,75175],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75546,75547],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[26,75549,75550,75556,75561],{},[29,75551,75552,75553,75555],{},"Missing ",[18,75554,35829],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[29,75557,75552,75558,75560],{},[18,75559,75172],{}," means go to the end of the list",[29,75562,75552,75563,75565,75566],{},[18,75564,75175],{}," means use ",[18,75567,80],{},[14,75569,1109],{},[52,75571,75573],{"className":54,"code":75572,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[18,75574,75575,75603,75607,75628,75645,75663],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75576,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75578,68],{"class":67},[61,75580,72],{"class":71},[61,75582,76],{"class":75},[61,75584,430],{"class":79},[61,75586,83],{"class":75},[61,75588,435],{"class":79},[61,75590,83],{"class":75},[61,75592,440],{"class":79},[61,75594,83],{"class":75},[61,75596,50601],{"class":79},[61,75598,83],{"class":75},[61,75600,4843],{"class":79},[61,75602,94],{"class":75},[61,75604,75605],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75606,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,75608,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623,75625],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,75610,130],{"class":129},[61,75612,109],{"class":75},[61,75614,113],{"class":112},[61,75616,3658],{"class":75},[61,75618,80],{"class":79},[61,75620,824],{"class":75},[61,75622,1129],{"class":79},[61,75624,20202],{"class":75},[61,75626,75627],{"class":3420},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[61,75629,75630,75632,75634,75636,75638,75640,75642],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,75631,130],{"class":129},[61,75633,109],{"class":75},[61,75635,113],{"class":112},[61,75637,75281],{"class":75},[61,75639,1827],{"class":79},[61,75641,20202],{"class":75},[61,75643,75644],{"class":3420},"    # start from the beginning\n",[61,75646,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75660],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,75648,130],{"class":129},[61,75650,109],{"class":75},[61,75652,113],{"class":112},[61,75654,3658],{"class":75},[61,75656,1821],{"class":79},[61,75658,75659],{"class":75},":])",[61,75661,75662],{"class":3420},"    # go to the end\n",[61,75664,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,75666,130],{"class":129},[61,75668,109],{"class":75},[61,75670,113],{"class":112},[61,75672,73868],{"class":75},[61,75674,80],{"class":79},[61,75676,20202],{"class":75},[61,75678,75679],{"class":3420},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75681,157],{},[52,75683,75685],{"className":54,"code":75684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[18,75686,75687,75703,75719,75735],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75688,75689,75691,75693,75695,75697,75699,75701],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75690,3658],{"class":75},[61,75692,15510],{"class":79},[61,75694,83],{"class":75},[61,75696,440],{"class":79},[61,75698,83],{"class":75},[61,75700,50601],{"class":79},[61,75702,94],{"class":75},[61,75704,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75706,3658],{"class":75},[61,75708,430],{"class":79},[61,75710,83],{"class":75},[61,75712,435],{"class":79},[61,75714,83],{"class":75},[61,75716,440],{"class":79},[61,75718,94],{"class":75},[61,75720,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,75722,3658],{"class":75},[61,75724,36598],{"class":79},[61,75726,83],{"class":75},[61,75728,50601],{"class":79},[61,75730,83],{"class":75},[61,75732,4843],{"class":79},[61,75734,94],{"class":75},[61,75736,75737,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,75738,3658],{"class":75},[61,75740,430],{"class":79},[61,75742,83],{"class":75},[61,75744,435],{"class":79},[61,75746,83],{"class":75},[61,75748,440],{"class":79},[61,75750,83],{"class":75},[61,75752,50601],{"class":79},[61,75754,83],{"class":75},[61,75756,4843],{"class":79},[61,75758,94],{"class":75},[47,75760,75762],{"id":75761},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75764,75765],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[26,75767,75768,75777,75786,75797,75803],{},[29,75769,75770,75773,75774,5725],{},[18,75771,75772],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[18,75775,75776],{},"n",[29,75778,75779,75782,75783,75785],{},[18,75780,75781],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[18,75784,75776],{}," to the end",[29,75787,75788,75791,75792,75794,75795],{},[18,75789,75790],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[18,75793,235],{}," up to ",[18,75796,1480],{},[29,75798,75799,75802],{},[18,75800,75801],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[29,75804,75805,75808],{},[18,75806,75807],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,75810,1109],{},[52,75812,75814],{"className":54,"code":75813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[18,75815,75816,75849,75853,75870,75887,75908,75925],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75817,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75819,68],{"class":67},[61,75821,72],{"class":71},[61,75823,76],{"class":75},[61,75825,430],{"class":79},[61,75827,83],{"class":75},[61,75829,435],{"class":79},[61,75831,83],{"class":75},[61,75833,440],{"class":79},[61,75835,83],{"class":75},[61,75837,50601],{"class":79},[61,75839,83],{"class":75},[61,75841,4843],{"class":79},[61,75843,83],{"class":75},[61,75845,75846],{"class":79}," 60",[61,75848,94],{"class":75},[61,75850,75851],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75852,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,75854,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,75856,130],{"class":129},[61,75858,109],{"class":75},[61,75860,113],{"class":112},[61,75862,75281],{"class":75},[61,75864,1827],{"class":79},[61,75866,20202],{"class":75},[61,75868,75869],{"class":3420},"    # first 3 items\n",[61,75871,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,75873,130],{"class":129},[61,75875,109],{"class":75},[61,75877,113],{"class":112},[61,75879,3658],{"class":75},[61,75881,1827],{"class":79},[61,75883,75659],{"class":75},[61,75885,75886],{"class":3420},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[61,75888,75889,75891,75893,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903,75905],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,75890,130],{"class":129},[61,75892,109],{"class":75},[61,75894,113],{"class":112},[61,75896,3658],{"class":75},[61,75898,80],{"class":79},[61,75900,824],{"class":75},[61,75902,645],{"class":79},[61,75904,20202],{"class":75},[61,75906,75907],{"class":3420},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[61,75909,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,75911,130],{"class":129},[61,75913,109],{"class":75},[61,75915,113],{"class":112},[61,75917,73868],{"class":75},[61,75919,1821],{"class":79},[61,75921,20202],{"class":75},[61,75923,75924],{"class":3420},"   # every second item\n",[61,75926,75927,75929,75931,75933,75935,75937,75939,75941],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,75928,130],{"class":129},[61,75930,109],{"class":75},[61,75932,113],{"class":112},[61,75934,73868],{"class":75},[61,75936,1786],{"class":71},[61,75938,80],{"class":79},[61,75940,20202],{"class":75},[61,75942,75943],{"class":3420},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,75945,157],{},[52,75947,75949],{"className":54,"code":75948,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,75950,75951,75967,75983,76003,76019],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75952,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75954,3658],{"class":75},[61,75956,430],{"class":79},[61,75958,83],{"class":75},[61,75960,435],{"class":79},[61,75962,83],{"class":75},[61,75964,440],{"class":79},[61,75966,94],{"class":75},[61,75968,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,75970,3658],{"class":75},[61,75972,56451],{"class":79},[61,75974,83],{"class":75},[61,75976,4843],{"class":79},[61,75978,83],{"class":75},[61,75980,75846],{"class":79},[61,75982,94],{"class":75},[61,75984,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,75986,3658],{"class":75},[61,75988,15510],{"class":79},[61,75990,83],{"class":75},[61,75992,440],{"class":79},[61,75994,83],{"class":75},[61,75996,50601],{"class":79},[61,75998,83],{"class":75},[61,76000,4843],{"class":79},[61,76002,94],{"class":75},[61,76004,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,76006,3658],{"class":75},[61,76008,430],{"class":79},[61,76010,83],{"class":75},[61,76012,440],{"class":79},[61,76014,83],{"class":75},[61,76016,4843],{"class":79},[61,76018,94],{"class":75},[61,76020,76021,76023,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,76022,3658],{"class":75},[61,76024,76025],{"class":79},"60",[61,76027,83],{"class":75},[61,76029,4843],{"class":79},[61,76031,83],{"class":75},[61,76033,50601],{"class":79},[61,76035,83],{"class":75},[61,76037,440],{"class":79},[61,76039,83],{"class":75},[61,76041,435],{"class":79},[61,76043,83],{"class":75},[61,76045,5763],{"class":79},[61,76047,94],{"class":75},[14,76049,76050,76051,244],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[235,76052,14643],{"href":56978},[47,76054,76056],{"id":76055},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76058,76059],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76061,1570],{},[26,76063,76064,76070],{},[29,76065,76066,76069],{},[18,76067,76068],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[29,76071,76072,76075],{},[18,76073,76074],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76077,76078],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[52,76080,76082],{"className":54,"code":76081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[18,76083,76084,76132,76136,76155,76174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76085,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76087,35847],{"class":67},[61,76089,72],{"class":71},[61,76091,76],{"class":75},[61,76093,816],{"class":190},[61,76095,235],{"class":194},[61,76097,816],{"class":190},[61,76099,83],{"class":75},[61,76101,522],{"class":190},[61,76103,1480],{"class":194},[61,76105,816],{"class":190},[61,76107,83],{"class":75},[61,76109,522],{"class":190},[61,76111,573],{"class":194},[61,76113,816],{"class":190},[61,76115,83],{"class":75},[61,76117,522],{"class":190},[61,76119,18523],{"class":194},[61,76121,816],{"class":190},[61,76123,83],{"class":75},[61,76125,522],{"class":190},[61,76127,1353],{"class":194},[61,76129,816],{"class":190},[61,76131,94],{"class":75},[61,76133,76134],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76135,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,76137,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,76139,130],{"class":129},[61,76141,109],{"class":75},[61,76143,35900],{"class":112},[61,76145,3658],{"class":75},[61,76147,1786],{"class":71},[61,76149,80],{"class":79},[61,76151,20202],{"class":75},[61,76153,76154],{"class":3420},"    # last item\n",[61,76156,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,76158,130],{"class":129},[61,76160,109],{"class":75},[61,76162,35900],{"class":112},[61,76164,3658],{"class":75},[61,76166,1786],{"class":71},[61,76168,1827],{"class":79},[61,76170,75659],{"class":75},[61,76172,76173],{"class":3420},"   # last 3 items\n",[61,76175,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,76177,130],{"class":129},[61,76179,109],{"class":75},[61,76181,35900],{"class":112},[61,76183,75281],{"class":75},[61,76185,1786],{"class":71},[61,76187,80],{"class":79},[61,76189,20202],{"class":75},[61,76191,76192],{"class":3420},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76194,157],{},[52,76196,76198],{"className":54,"code":76197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,76199,76200,76205,76233],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76201,76202],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76203,76204],{"class":67},"e\n",[61,76206,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76208,3658],{"class":75},[61,76210,198],{"class":190},[61,76212,573],{"class":194},[61,76214,198],{"class":190},[61,76216,83],{"class":75},[61,76218,191],{"class":190},[61,76220,18523],{"class":194},[61,76222,198],{"class":190},[61,76224,83],{"class":75},[61,76226,191],{"class":190},[61,76228,1353],{"class":194},[61,76230,198],{"class":190},[61,76232,94],{"class":75},[61,76234,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,76236,3658],{"class":75},[61,76238,198],{"class":190},[61,76240,235],{"class":194},[61,76242,198],{"class":190},[61,76244,83],{"class":75},[61,76246,191],{"class":190},[61,76248,1480],{"class":194},[61,76250,198],{"class":190},[61,76252,83],{"class":75},[61,76254,191],{"class":190},[61,76256,573],{"class":194},[61,76258,198],{"class":190},[61,76260,83],{"class":75},[61,76262,191],{"class":190},[61,76264,18523],{"class":194},[61,76266,198],{"class":190},[61,76268,94],{"class":75},[14,76270,12807],{},[26,76272,76273,76276,76280,76286,76292],{},[29,76274,76275],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[29,76277,76278,76069],{},[18,76279,76068],{},[29,76281,76282,76285],{},[18,76283,76284],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[29,76287,76288,76291],{},[18,76289,76290],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[29,76293,76294,76295,4154,76297],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[18,76296,35829],{},[18,76298,75172],{},[47,76300,76302],{"id":76301},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76304,1744,76305,76307],{},[18,76306,75175],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[26,76309,76310,76313,76316,76321,76331],{},[29,76311,76312],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[29,76314,76315],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[29,76317,76318,76320],{},[18,76319,75807],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[29,76322,8634,76323,76325,76326,76328,76329],{},[18,76324,75175],{}," is negative, ",[18,76327,35829],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[18,76330,75172],{},[29,76332,76333,76335,76336],{},[18,76334,75175],{}," cannot be ",[18,76337,675],{},[14,76339,76340],{},"Example with different step values:",[52,76342,76344],{"className":54,"code":76343,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[18,76345,76346,76378,76382,76399,76421,76440],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76347,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76349,68],{"class":67},[61,76351,72],{"class":71},[61,76353,76],{"class":75},[61,76355,430],{"class":79},[61,76357,83],{"class":75},[61,76359,435],{"class":79},[61,76361,83],{"class":75},[61,76363,440],{"class":79},[61,76365,83],{"class":75},[61,76367,50601],{"class":79},[61,76369,83],{"class":75},[61,76371,4843],{"class":79},[61,76373,83],{"class":75},[61,76375,75846],{"class":79},[61,76377,94],{"class":75},[61,76379,76380],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76381,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,76383,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,76385,130],{"class":129},[61,76387,109],{"class":75},[61,76389,113],{"class":112},[61,76391,73868],{"class":75},[61,76393,1821],{"class":79},[61,76395,20202],{"class":75},[61,76397,76398],{"class":3420},"     # every second item\n",[61,76400,76401,76403,76405,76407,76409,76411,76414,76416,76418],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,76402,130],{"class":129},[61,76404,109],{"class":75},[61,76406,113],{"class":112},[61,76408,3658],{"class":75},[61,76410,80],{"class":79},[61,76412,76413],{"class":75},"::",[61,76415,1821],{"class":79},[61,76417,20202],{"class":75},[61,76419,76420],{"class":3420},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[61,76422,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,76424,130],{"class":129},[61,76426,109],{"class":75},[61,76428,113],{"class":112},[61,76430,73868],{"class":75},[61,76432,1786],{"class":71},[61,76434,80],{"class":79},[61,76436,20202],{"class":75},[61,76438,76439],{"class":3420},"    # reverse the list\n",[61,76441,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460,76462,76464],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,76443,130],{"class":129},[61,76445,109],{"class":75},[61,76447,113],{"class":112},[61,76449,3658],{"class":75},[61,76451,1129],{"class":79},[61,76453,824],{"class":75},[61,76455,80],{"class":79},[61,76457,824],{"class":75},[61,76459,1786],{"class":71},[61,76461,80],{"class":79},[61,76463,20202],{"class":75},[61,76465,76466],{"class":3420},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76468,157],{},[52,76470,76472],{"className":54,"code":76471,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[18,76473,76474,76490,76506,76534],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76475,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484,76486,76488],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76477,3658],{"class":75},[61,76479,430],{"class":79},[61,76481,83],{"class":75},[61,76483,440],{"class":79},[61,76485,83],{"class":75},[61,76487,4843],{"class":79},[61,76489,94],{"class":75},[61,76491,76492,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76493,3658],{"class":75},[61,76495,15510],{"class":79},[61,76497,83],{"class":75},[61,76499,50601],{"class":79},[61,76501,83],{"class":75},[61,76503,75846],{"class":79},[61,76505,94],{"class":75},[61,76507,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522,76524,76526,76528,76530,76532],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,76509,3658],{"class":75},[61,76511,76025],{"class":79},[61,76513,83],{"class":75},[61,76515,4843],{"class":79},[61,76517,83],{"class":75},[61,76519,50601],{"class":79},[61,76521,83],{"class":75},[61,76523,440],{"class":79},[61,76525,83],{"class":75},[61,76527,435],{"class":79},[61,76529,83],{"class":75},[61,76531,5763],{"class":79},[61,76533,94],{"class":75},[61,76535,76536,76538,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,76537,3658],{"class":75},[61,76539,76540],{"class":79},"50",[61,76542,83],{"class":75},[61,76544,50601],{"class":79},[61,76546,83],{"class":75},[61,76548,440],{"class":79},[61,76550,94],{"class":75},[14,76552,76553,76554,244],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[235,76555,76556],{"href":74552},"how to reverse a list in Python",[408,76558,76560],{"id":76559},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76562,1245],{},[52,76564,76566],{"className":54,"code":76565,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,76567,76568,76588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76569,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76571,68],{"class":67},[61,76573,72],{"class":71},[61,76575,76],{"class":75},[61,76577,80],{"class":79},[61,76579,83],{"class":75},[61,76581,86],{"class":79},[61,76583,83],{"class":75},[61,76585,91],{"class":79},[61,76587,94],{"class":75},[61,76589,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76591,130],{"class":129},[61,76593,109],{"class":75},[61,76595,113],{"class":112},[61,76597,73868],{"class":75},[61,76599,675],{"class":79},[61,76601,1137],{"class":75},[14,76603,76604,76605,76607,76608,76610],{},"Python raises a ",[18,76606,40461],{}," because a slice step of ",[18,76609,675],{}," does not make sense.",[47,76612,76614],{"id":76613},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76616,76617],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[408,76619,76621],{"id":76620},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[52,76623,76625],{"className":54,"code":76624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,76626,76627,76651,76655],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76628,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76630,68],{"class":67},[61,76632,72],{"class":71},[61,76634,76],{"class":75},[61,76636,430],{"class":79},[61,76638,83],{"class":75},[61,76640,435],{"class":79},[61,76642,83],{"class":75},[61,76644,440],{"class":79},[61,76646,83],{"class":75},[61,76648,50601],{"class":79},[61,76650,94],{"class":75},[61,76652,76653],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76654,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,76656,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,76658,130],{"class":129},[61,76660,109],{"class":75},[61,76662,113],{"class":112},[61,76664,3658],{"class":75},[61,76666,1821],{"class":79},[61,76668,1137],{"class":75},[14,76670,157],{},[52,76672,76673],{"className":54,"code":69586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,76674,76675],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76676,76677],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76678,69586],{"class":79},[408,76680,76682],{"id":76681},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[52,76684,76686],{"className":54,"code":76685,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[18,76687,76688,76712,76716],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76689,76690,76692,76694,76696,76698,76700,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76691,68],{"class":67},[61,76693,72],{"class":71},[61,76695,76],{"class":75},[61,76697,430],{"class":79},[61,76699,83],{"class":75},[61,76701,435],{"class":79},[61,76703,83],{"class":75},[61,76705,440],{"class":79},[61,76707,83],{"class":75},[61,76709,50601],{"class":79},[61,76711,94],{"class":75},[61,76713,76714],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76715,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,76717,76718,76720,76722,76724,76726,76728,76730,76732],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,76719,130],{"class":129},[61,76721,109],{"class":75},[61,76723,113],{"class":112},[61,76725,3658],{"class":75},[61,76727,1821],{"class":79},[61,76729,824],{"class":75},[61,76731,1827],{"class":79},[61,76733,1137],{"class":75},[14,76735,157],{},[52,76737,76739],{"className":54,"code":76738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[30]\n",[18,76740,76741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76742,76743,76745,76747],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76744,3658],{"class":75},[61,76746,36598],{"class":79},[61,76748,94],{"class":75},[14,76750,13518],{},[26,76752,76753,76759],{},[29,76754,76755,76758],{},[18,76756,76757],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[29,76760,76761,76764],{},[18,76762,76763],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,76766,76767],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[26,76769,76770,76773],{},[29,76771,76772],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[29,76774,76775],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,76777,1109],{},[52,76779,76781],{"className":54,"code":76780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[18,76782,76783,76803,76807],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76784,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76786,68],{"class":67},[61,76788,72],{"class":71},[61,76790,76],{"class":75},[61,76792,430],{"class":79},[61,76794,83],{"class":75},[61,76796,435],{"class":79},[61,76798,83],{"class":75},[61,76800,440],{"class":79},[61,76802,94],{"class":75},[61,76804,76805],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76806,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,76808,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817,76819,76821,76823],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,76810,130],{"class":129},[61,76812,109],{"class":75},[61,76814,113],{"class":112},[61,76816,3658],{"class":75},[61,76818,645],{"class":79},[61,76820,824],{"class":75},[61,76822,430],{"class":79},[61,76824,1137],{"class":75},[14,76826,157],{},[52,76828,76829],{"className":54,"code":38053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,76830,76831],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76832,76833],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76834,38053],{"class":75},[14,76836,76837],{},"But this would raise an error:",[52,76839,76841],{"className":54,"code":76840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,76842,76843,76863,76867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76844,76845,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76846,68],{"class":67},[61,76848,72],{"class":71},[61,76850,76],{"class":75},[61,76852,430],{"class":79},[61,76854,83],{"class":75},[61,76856,435],{"class":79},[61,76858,83],{"class":75},[61,76860,440],{"class":79},[61,76862,94],{"class":75},[61,76864,76865],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76866,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,76868,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,76870,130],{"class":129},[61,76872,109],{"class":75},[61,76874,113],{"class":112},[61,76876,3658],{"class":75},[61,76878,645],{"class":79},[61,76880,1137],{"class":75},[14,76882,76883,76884,244],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[235,76885,69005],{"href":69004},[47,76887,14932],{"id":76888},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,76890,76891],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[26,76893,76894,76898,76900,76903,76909],{},[29,76895,4466,76896,75487],{},[18,76897,75172],{},[29,76899,60446],{},[29,76901,76902],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[29,76904,36960,76905,8463,76907],{},[18,76906,75807],{},[18,76908,73272],{},[29,76910,76911,76912,76914],{},"Using step ",[18,76913,675],{},", which causes an error",[408,76916,76918],{"id":76917},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[52,76920,76922],{"className":54,"code":76921,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,76923,76924,76952],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76925,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76927,68],{"class":67},[61,76929,72],{"class":71},[61,76931,76],{"class":75},[61,76933,430],{"class":79},[61,76935,83],{"class":75},[61,76937,435],{"class":79},[61,76939,83],{"class":75},[61,76941,440],{"class":79},[61,76943,83],{"class":75},[61,76945,50601],{"class":79},[61,76947,83],{"class":75},[61,76949,4843],{"class":79},[61,76951,94],{"class":75},[61,76953,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,76955,130],{"class":129},[61,76957,109],{"class":75},[61,76959,113],{"class":112},[61,76961,3658],{"class":75},[61,76963,80],{"class":79},[61,76965,824],{"class":75},[61,76967,1129],{"class":79},[61,76969,1137],{"class":75},[14,76971,76972],{},"This returns:",[52,76974,76976],{"className":54,"code":76975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[18,76977,76978],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76979,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76981,3658],{"class":75},[61,76983,15510],{"class":79},[61,76985,83],{"class":75},[61,76987,440],{"class":79},[61,76989,83],{"class":75},[61,76991,50601],{"class":79},[61,76993,94],{"class":75},[14,76995,1386,76996,76998,76999,77001,77002,244],{},[603,76997,605],{}," include ",[18,77000,76540],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[18,77003,1129],{},[408,77005,77007],{"id":77006},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77009,16400],{},[52,77011,77013],{"className":54,"code":77012,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[18,77014,77015,77035],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77016,77017,77019,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77018,68],{"class":67},[61,77020,72],{"class":71},[61,77022,76],{"class":75},[61,77024,430],{"class":79},[61,77026,83],{"class":75},[61,77028,435],{"class":79},[61,77030,83],{"class":75},[61,77032,440],{"class":79},[61,77034,94],{"class":75},[61,77036,77037],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77038,77039],{"class":3420},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77041,77042],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[52,77044,77046],{"className":54,"code":77045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,77047,77048],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77049,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77051,130],{"class":129},[61,77053,109],{"class":75},[61,77055,113],{"class":112},[61,77057,3658],{"class":75},[61,77059,80],{"class":79},[61,77061,824],{"class":75},[61,77063,1827],{"class":79},[61,77065,1137],{"class":75},[408,77067,77069],{"id":77068},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77071,77072],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[52,77074,77076],{"className":54,"code":77075,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77077,77078,77102,77116,77120,77130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77079,77080,77082,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096,77098,77100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77081,68],{"class":67},[61,77083,72],{"class":71},[61,77085,76],{"class":75},[61,77087,430],{"class":79},[61,77089,83],{"class":75},[61,77091,435],{"class":79},[61,77093,83],{"class":75},[61,77095,440],{"class":79},[61,77097,83],{"class":75},[61,77099,50601],{"class":79},[61,77101,94],{"class":75},[61,77103,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77105,75405],{"class":67},[61,77107,72],{"class":71},[61,77109,4023],{"class":67},[61,77111,75281],{"class":75},[61,77113,1821],{"class":79},[61,77115,94],{"class":75},[61,77117,77118],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,77119,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,77121,77122,77124,77126,77128],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,77123,130],{"class":129},[61,77125,109],{"class":75},[61,77127,75428],{"class":112},[61,77129,116],{"class":75},[61,77131,77132,77134,77136,77138],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,77133,130],{"class":129},[61,77135,109],{"class":75},[61,77137,113],{"class":112},[61,77139,116],{"class":75},[14,77141,157],{},[52,77143,77145],{"className":54,"code":77144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77146,77147,77159],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77148,77149,77151,77153,77155,77157],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77150,3658],{"class":75},[61,77152,430],{"class":79},[61,77154,83],{"class":75},[61,77156,435],{"class":79},[61,77158,94],{"class":75},[61,77160,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77162,3658],{"class":75},[61,77164,430],{"class":79},[61,77166,83],{"class":75},[61,77168,435],{"class":79},[61,77170,83],{"class":75},[61,77172,440],{"class":79},[61,77174,83],{"class":75},[61,77176,50601],{"class":79},[61,77178,94],{"class":75},[14,77180,77181],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[408,77183,77185,77186,8463,77188],{"id":77184},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[18,77187,75807],{},[18,77189,73272],{},[52,77191,77193],{"className":54,"code":77192,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77194,77195,77215,77219,77236,77247],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77196,77197,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209,77211,77213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77198,68],{"class":67},[61,77200,72],{"class":71},[61,77202,76],{"class":75},[61,77204,430],{"class":79},[61,77206,83],{"class":75},[61,77208,435],{"class":79},[61,77210,83],{"class":75},[61,77212,440],{"class":79},[61,77214,94],{"class":75},[61,77216,77217],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77218,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,77220,77221,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,77222,77223],{"class":67},"reversed_copy ",[61,77225,72],{"class":71},[61,77227,4023],{"class":67},[61,77229,73868],{"class":75},[61,77231,1786],{"class":71},[61,77233,80],{"class":79},[61,77235,94],{"class":75},[61,77237,77238,77240,77242,77245],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,77239,130],{"class":129},[61,77241,109],{"class":75},[61,77243,77244],{"class":112},"reversed_copy",[61,77246,116],{"class":75},[61,77248,77249,77251,77253,77255],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,77250,130],{"class":129},[61,77252,109],{"class":75},[61,77254,113],{"class":112},[61,77256,116],{"class":75},[14,77258,157],{},[52,77260,77262],{"className":54,"code":77261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,77263,77264,77280],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77265,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274,77276,77278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77267,3658],{"class":75},[61,77269,36598],{"class":79},[61,77271,83],{"class":75},[61,77273,435],{"class":79},[61,77275,83],{"class":75},[61,77277,5763],{"class":79},[61,77279,94],{"class":75},[61,77281,77282,77284,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77283,3658],{"class":75},[61,77285,430],{"class":79},[61,77287,83],{"class":75},[61,77289,435],{"class":79},[61,77291,83],{"class":75},[61,77293,440],{"class":79},[61,77295,94],{"class":75},[14,77297,77298,77301],{},[18,77299,77300],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77303,77304,77305,77308],{},"By contrast, ",[18,77306,77307],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[408,77310,77312],{"id":77311},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77314,77315],{},"This is not allowed:",[52,77317,77319],{"className":54,"code":77318,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[18,77320,77321,77341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77322,77323,77325,77327,77329,77331,77333,77335,77337,77339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77324,68],{"class":67},[61,77326,72],{"class":71},[61,77328,76],{"class":75},[61,77330,430],{"class":79},[61,77332,83],{"class":75},[61,77334,435],{"class":79},[61,77336,83],{"class":75},[61,77338,440],{"class":79},[61,77340,94],{"class":75},[61,77342,77343],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77344,77345],{"class":3420},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77347,77348,77349,244],{},"Python will raise a ",[18,77350,40461],{},[47,77352,77354],{"id":77353},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77356,77357],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[26,77359,77360,77367,77373,77376,77379],{},[29,77361,36960,77362,4154,77364,77366],{},[18,77363,35829],{},[18,77365,75172],{}," positions",[29,77368,77369,77370,77372],{},"Assuming the ",[18,77371,75172],{}," index is included",[29,77374,77375],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[29,77377,77378],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[29,77380,77381],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77383,77384],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[52,77386,77388],{"className":54,"code":77387,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,77389,77390,77400,77414,77432,77446,77463],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77391,77392,77394,77396,77398],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77393,130],{"class":129},[61,77395,109],{"class":75},[61,77397,8096],{"class":112},[61,77399,116],{"class":75},[61,77401,77402,77404,77406,77408,77410,77412],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77403,130],{"class":129},[61,77405,109],{"class":75},[61,77407,10914],{"class":129},[61,77409,109],{"class":75},[61,77411,8096],{"class":112},[61,77413,154],{"class":75},[61,77415,77416,77418,77420,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,77417,130],{"class":129},[61,77419,109],{"class":75},[61,77421,8096],{"class":112},[61,77423,3658],{"class":75},[61,77425,80],{"class":79},[61,77427,824],{"class":75},[61,77429,1129],{"class":79},[61,77431,1137],{"class":75},[61,77433,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442,77444],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,77435,130],{"class":129},[61,77437,109],{"class":75},[61,77439,8096],{"class":112},[61,77441,75281],{"class":75},[61,77443,1827],{"class":79},[61,77445,1137],{"class":75},[61,77447,77448,77450,77452,77454,77456,77458,77460],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,77449,130],{"class":129},[61,77451,109],{"class":75},[61,77453,8096],{"class":112},[61,77455,3658],{"class":75},[61,77457,1786],{"class":71},[61,77459,1827],{"class":79},[61,77461,77462],{"class":75},":])\n",[61,77464,77465,77467,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,77466,130],{"class":129},[61,77468,109],{"class":75},[61,77470,8096],{"class":112},[61,77472,73868],{"class":75},[61,77474,1786],{"class":71},[61,77476,80],{"class":79},[61,77478,1137],{"class":75},[14,77480,8175,77481,77483,77484,77488],{},[18,77482,42118],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[235,77485,77487],{"href":77486},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[47,77490,1620],{"id":1619},[408,77492,77494],{"id":77493},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77496,77497],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[408,77499,77501],{"id":77500},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77503,77504],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[408,77506,4905,77508,39717],{"id":77507},"what-does-list-1-do",[18,77509,75807],{},[14,77511,77512],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[408,77514,77516,77517,2251],{"id":77515},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[18,77518,70477],{},[14,77520,77521],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[47,77523,1664],{"id":1663},[26,77525,77526,77531,77536,77540,77544,77548],{},[29,77527,77528],{},[235,77529,77530],{"href":50737},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[29,77532,77533],{},[235,77534,77535],{"href":56912},"How to create a list in Python",[29,77537,77538],{},[235,77539,14720],{"href":56978},[29,77541,77542],{},[235,77543,74553],{"href":74552},[29,77545,77546],{},[235,77547,77487],{"href":77486},[29,77549,77550],{},[235,77551,69005],{"href":69004},[14,77553,77554,77555,77557],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[18,77556,42118],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1693,77559,77560],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":77562},[77563,77564,77565,77566,77567,77568,77571,77575,77583,77584,77592],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":75336,"depth":97,"text":75337},{"id":75499,"depth":97,"text":75500},{"id":75761,"depth":97,"text":75762},{"id":76055,"depth":97,"text":76056},{"id":76301,"depth":97,"text":76302,"children":77569},[77570],{"id":76559,"depth":119,"text":76560},{"id":76613,"depth":97,"text":76614,"children":77572},[77573,77574],{"id":76620,"depth":119,"text":76621},{"id":76681,"depth":119,"text":76682},{"id":76888,"depth":97,"text":14932,"children":77576},[77577,77578,77579,77580,77582],{"id":76917,"depth":119,"text":76918},{"id":77006,"depth":119,"text":77007},{"id":77068,"depth":119,"text":77069},{"id":77184,"depth":119,"text":77581},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77311,"depth":119,"text":77312},{"id":77353,"depth":97,"text":77354},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":77585},[77586,77587,77588,77590],{"id":77493,"depth":119,"text":77494},{"id":77500,"depth":119,"text":77501},{"id":77507,"depth":119,"text":77589},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77515,"depth":119,"text":77591},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75159,"description":77593},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77600,"title":77601,"body":77602,"description":79671,"extension":1727,"meta":79672,"navigation":122,"path":79673,"seo":79674,"stem":79675,"__hash__":79676},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77603,"toc":79637},[77604,77609,77615,77621,77623,77670,77677,77682,77686,77701,77704,77757,77759,77784,77789,77791,77823,77826,77842,77844,77905,77907,77932,77936,77941,77994,77996,78021,78026,78087,78089,78114,78117,78124,78128,78131,78192,78194,78227,78230,78291,78293,78326,78332,78405,78407,78439,78446,78451,78456,78458,78470,78473,78551,78553,78594,78597,78671,78673,78706,78711,78718,78725,78729,78738,78742,78750,78752,78819,78821,78857,78862,78873,78875,78880,78885,78887,78950,78952,78977,78984,78989,78993,78996,79036,79041,79047,79052,79054,79081,79086,79089,79136,79138,79195,79202,79207,79213,79282,79286,79289,79352,79354,79387,79392,79394,79397,79478,79480,79504,79510,79512,79517,79521,79528,79536,79540,79542,79565,79569,79571,79598,79601,79608,79611,79613,79634],[10,77605,54100,77607,11075],{"id":77606},"python-list-sort-method",[18,77608,64057],{},[14,77610,77611,77614],{},[18,77612,77613],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77616,77617,77618,77620],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[18,77619,64057],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[47,77622,50],{"id":49},[52,77624,77626],{"className":54,"code":77625,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,77627,77628,77648,77658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77629,77630,77632,77634,77636,77638,77640,77642,77644,77646],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77631,68],{"class":67},[61,77633,72],{"class":71},[61,77635,76],{"class":75},[61,77637,1827],{"class":79},[61,77639,83],{"class":75},[61,77641,680],{"class":79},[61,77643,83],{"class":75},[61,77645,86],{"class":79},[61,77647,94],{"class":75},[61,77649,77650,77652,77654,77656],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77651,113],{"class":67},[61,77653,244],{"class":75},[61,77655,34554],{"class":112},[61,77657,263],{"class":75},[61,77659,77660,77662,77664,77666,77668],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,77661,130],{"class":129},[61,77663,109],{"class":75},[61,77665,113],{"class":112},[61,77667,3417],{"class":75},[61,77669,54690],{"class":3420},[14,77671,204,77672,77674,77675,244],{},[18,77673,77613],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,77676,3536],{},[47,77678,3435,77680,3438],{"id":77679},"what-listsort-does",[18,77681,77613],{},[14,77683,77684,824],{},[18,77685,77613],{},[26,77687,77688,77691,77694,77698],{},[29,77689,77690],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[29,77692,77693],{},"Changes the original list",[29,77695,11177,77696],{},[18,77697,3536],{},[29,77699,77700],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77702,77703],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[52,77705,77707],{"className":54,"code":77706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77708,77709,77733,77743,77747],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77710,77711,77713,77715,77717,77719,77721,77723,77725,77727,77729,77731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77712,68],{"class":67},[61,77714,72],{"class":71},[61,77716,76],{"class":75},[61,77718,645],{"class":79},[61,77720,83],{"class":75},[61,77722,86],{"class":79},[61,77724,83],{"class":75},[61,77726,53894],{"class":79},[61,77728,83],{"class":75},[61,77730,680],{"class":79},[61,77732,94],{"class":75},[61,77734,77735,77737,77739,77741],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77736,113],{"class":67},[61,77738,244],{"class":75},[61,77740,34554],{"class":112},[61,77742,263],{"class":75},[61,77744,77745],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,77746,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,77748,77749,77751,77753,77755],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,77750,130],{"class":129},[61,77752,109],{"class":75},[61,77754,113],{"class":112},[61,77756,116],{"class":75},[14,77758,157],{},[52,77760,77762],{"className":54,"code":77761,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[18,77763,77764],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77765,77766,77768,77770,77772,77774,77776,77778,77780,77782],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77767,3658],{"class":75},[61,77769,80],{"class":79},[61,77771,83],{"class":75},[61,77773,86],{"class":79},[61,77775,83],{"class":75},[61,77777,4367],{"class":79},[61,77779,83],{"class":75},[61,77781,53894],{"class":79},[61,77783,94],{"class":75},[14,77785,77786,77787,244],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[235,77788,66823],{"href":50737},[47,77790,248],{"id":247},[52,77792,77794],{"className":54,"code":77793,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,77795,77796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77797,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806,77808,77810,77812,77814,77817,77819,77821],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77799,8096],{"class":67},[61,77801,244],{"class":75},[61,77803,34554],{"class":112},[61,77805,109],{"class":75},[61,77807,14596],{"class":8933},[61,77809,72],{"class":71},[61,77811,3536],{"class":3609},[61,77813,83],{"class":75},[61,77815,77816],{"class":8933}," reverse",[61,77818,72],{"class":71},[61,77820,3431],{"class":3609},[61,77822,116],{"class":75},[14,77824,77825],{},"Main arguments:",[26,77827,77828,77833,77839],{},[29,77829,77830,77832],{},[18,77831,14596],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[29,77834,77835,77838],{},[18,77836,77837],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[29,77840,77841],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,77843,1109],{},[52,77845,77847],{"className":54,"code":77846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77848,77849,77873,77891,77895],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77850,77851,77853,77855,77857,77859,77861,77863,77865,77867,77869,77871],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77852,68],{"class":67},[61,77854,72],{"class":71},[61,77856,76],{"class":75},[61,77858,1129],{"class":79},[61,77860,83],{"class":75},[61,77862,680],{"class":79},[61,77864,83],{"class":75},[61,77866,1134],{"class":79},[61,77868,83],{"class":75},[61,77870,86],{"class":79},[61,77872,94],{"class":75},[61,77874,77875,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77876,113],{"class":67},[61,77878,244],{"class":75},[61,77880,34554],{"class":112},[61,77882,109],{"class":75},[61,77884,73323],{"class":8933},[61,77886,72],{"class":71},[61,77888,3361],{"class":3609},[61,77890,116],{"class":75},[61,77892,77893],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,77894,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,77896,77897,77899,77901,77903],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,77898,130],{"class":129},[61,77900,109],{"class":75},[61,77902,113],{"class":112},[61,77904,116],{"class":75},[14,77906,157],{},[52,77908,77910],{"className":54,"code":77909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[18,77911,77912],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77913,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922,77924,77926,77928,77930],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77915,3658],{"class":75},[61,77917,1789],{"class":79},[61,77919,83],{"class":75},[61,77921,693],{"class":79},[61,77923,83],{"class":75},[61,77925,86],{"class":79},[61,77927,83],{"class":75},[61,77929,680],{"class":79},[61,77931,94],{"class":75},[47,77933,77935],{"id":77934},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,77937,204,77938,77940],{},[18,77939,64057],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[52,77942,77944],{"className":54,"code":77943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77945,77946,77970,77980,77984],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77947,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956,77958,77960,77962,77964,77966,77968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77949,68],{"class":67},[61,77951,72],{"class":71},[61,77953,76],{"class":75},[61,77955,430],{"class":79},[61,77957,83],{"class":75},[61,77959,91],{"class":79},[61,77961,83],{"class":75},[61,77963,6118],{"class":79},[61,77965,83],{"class":75},[61,77967,680],{"class":79},[61,77969,94],{"class":75},[61,77971,77972,77974,77976,77978],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,77973,113],{"class":67},[61,77975,244],{"class":75},[61,77977,34554],{"class":112},[61,77979,263],{"class":75},[61,77981,77982],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,77983,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,77985,77986,77988,77990,77992],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,77987,130],{"class":129},[61,77989,109],{"class":75},[61,77991,113],{"class":112},[61,77993,116],{"class":75},[14,77995,157],{},[52,77997,77999],{"className":54,"code":77998,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[18,78000,78001],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78002,78003,78005,78007,78009,78011,78013,78015,78017,78019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78004,3658],{"class":75},[61,78006,80],{"class":79},[61,78008,83],{"class":75},[61,78010,91],{"class":79},[61,78012,83],{"class":75},[61,78014,6118],{"class":79},[61,78016,83],{"class":75},[61,78018,5763],{"class":79},[61,78020,94],{"class":75},[14,78022,204,78023,78025],{},[18,78024,77837],{}," for descending order:",[52,78027,78029],{"className":54,"code":78028,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78030,78031,78055,78073,78077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78032,78033,78035,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78034,68],{"class":67},[61,78036,72],{"class":71},[61,78038,76],{"class":75},[61,78040,430],{"class":79},[61,78042,83],{"class":75},[61,78044,91],{"class":79},[61,78046,83],{"class":75},[61,78048,6118],{"class":79},[61,78050,83],{"class":75},[61,78052,680],{"class":79},[61,78054,94],{"class":75},[61,78056,78057,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067,78069,78071],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78058,113],{"class":67},[61,78060,244],{"class":75},[61,78062,34554],{"class":112},[61,78064,109],{"class":75},[61,78066,73323],{"class":8933},[61,78068,72],{"class":71},[61,78070,3361],{"class":3609},[61,78072,116],{"class":75},[61,78074,78075],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,78076,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,78078,78079,78081,78083,78085],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,78080,130],{"class":129},[61,78082,109],{"class":75},[61,78084,113],{"class":112},[61,78086,116],{"class":75},[14,78088,157],{},[52,78090,78092],{"className":54,"code":78091,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[18,78093,78094],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78095,78096,78098,78100,78102,78104,78106,78108,78110,78112],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78097,3658],{"class":75},[61,78099,430],{"class":79},[61,78101,83],{"class":75},[61,78103,6118],{"class":79},[61,78105,83],{"class":75},[61,78107,91],{"class":79},[61,78109,83],{"class":75},[61,78111,680],{"class":79},[61,78113,94],{"class":75},[14,78115,78116],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78118,78119,78120,244],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[235,78121,78123],{"href":78122},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[47,78125,78127],{"id":78126},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78129,78130],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[52,78132,78134],{"className":54,"code":78133,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78135,78136,78168,78178,78182],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78137,78138,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78139,3829],{"class":67},[61,78141,72],{"class":71},[61,78143,76],{"class":75},[61,78145,816],{"class":190},[61,78147,3847],{"class":194},[61,78149,816],{"class":190},[61,78151,83],{"class":75},[61,78153,522],{"class":190},[61,78155,3838],{"class":194},[61,78157,816],{"class":190},[61,78159,83],{"class":75},[61,78161,522],{"class":190},[61,78163,3856],{"class":194},[61,78165,816],{"class":190},[61,78167,94],{"class":75},[61,78169,78170,78172,78174,78176],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78171,3873],{"class":67},[61,78173,244],{"class":75},[61,78175,34554],{"class":112},[61,78177,263],{"class":75},[61,78179,78180],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,78181,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,78183,78184,78186,78188,78190],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,78185,130],{"class":129},[61,78187,109],{"class":75},[61,78189,3873],{"class":112},[61,78191,116],{"class":75},[14,78193,157],{},[52,78195,78197],{"className":54,"code":78196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78198,78199],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78200,78201,78203,78205,78207,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78202,3658],{"class":75},[61,78204,198],{"class":190},[61,78206,3838],{"class":194},[61,78208,198],{"class":190},[61,78210,83],{"class":75},[61,78212,191],{"class":190},[61,78214,3847],{"class":194},[61,78216,198],{"class":190},[61,78218,83],{"class":75},[61,78220,191],{"class":190},[61,78222,3856],{"class":194},[61,78224,198],{"class":190},[61,78226,94],{"class":75},[14,78228,78229],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[52,78231,78233],{"className":54,"code":78232,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78234,78235,78267,78277,78281],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78236,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78238,3829],{"class":67},[61,78240,72],{"class":71},[61,78242,76],{"class":75},[61,78244,816],{"class":190},[61,78246,3847],{"class":194},[61,78248,816],{"class":190},[61,78250,83],{"class":75},[61,78252,522],{"class":190},[61,78254,57527],{"class":194},[61,78256,816],{"class":190},[61,78258,83],{"class":75},[61,78260,522],{"class":190},[61,78262,3856],{"class":194},[61,78264,816],{"class":190},[61,78266,94],{"class":75},[61,78268,78269,78271,78273,78275],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78270,3873],{"class":67},[61,78272,244],{"class":75},[61,78274,34554],{"class":112},[61,78276,263],{"class":75},[61,78278,78279],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,78280,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,78282,78283,78285,78287,78289],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,78284,130],{"class":129},[61,78286,109],{"class":75},[61,78288,3873],{"class":112},[61,78290,116],{"class":75},[14,78292,157],{},[52,78294,78296],{"className":54,"code":78295,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78297,78298],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78299,78300,78302,78304,78306,78308,78310,78312,78314,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78301,3658],{"class":75},[61,78303,198],{"class":190},[61,78305,57527],{"class":194},[61,78307,198],{"class":190},[61,78309,83],{"class":75},[61,78311,191],{"class":190},[61,78313,3847],{"class":194},[61,78315,198],{"class":190},[61,78317,83],{"class":75},[61,78319,191],{"class":190},[61,78321,3856],{"class":194},[61,78323,198],{"class":190},[61,78325,94],{"class":75},[14,78327,78328,78329,824],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[18,78330,78331],{},"key=str.lower",[52,78333,78335],{"className":54,"code":78334,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78336,78337,78369,78391,78395],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78338,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78340,3829],{"class":67},[61,78342,72],{"class":71},[61,78344,76],{"class":75},[61,78346,816],{"class":190},[61,78348,3847],{"class":194},[61,78350,816],{"class":190},[61,78352,83],{"class":75},[61,78354,522],{"class":190},[61,78356,57527],{"class":194},[61,78358,816],{"class":190},[61,78360,83],{"class":75},[61,78362,522],{"class":190},[61,78364,3856],{"class":194},[61,78366,816],{"class":190},[61,78368,94],{"class":75},[61,78370,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385,78387,78389],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78372,3873],{"class":67},[61,78374,244],{"class":75},[61,78376,34554],{"class":112},[61,78378,109],{"class":75},[61,78380,14596],{"class":8933},[61,78382,72],{"class":71},[61,78384,3199],{"class":105},[61,78386,244],{"class":75},[61,78388,8399],{"class":24507},[61,78390,116],{"class":75},[61,78392,78393],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,78394,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,78396,78397,78399,78401,78403],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,78398,130],{"class":129},[61,78400,109],{"class":75},[61,78402,3873],{"class":112},[61,78404,116],{"class":75},[14,78406,157],{},[52,78408,78409],{"className":54,"code":78295,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,78410,78411],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78412,78413,78415,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78414,3658],{"class":75},[61,78416,198],{"class":190},[61,78418,57527],{"class":194},[61,78420,198],{"class":190},[61,78422,83],{"class":75},[61,78424,191],{"class":190},[61,78426,3847],{"class":194},[61,78428,198],{"class":190},[61,78430,83],{"class":75},[61,78432,191],{"class":190},[61,78434,3856],{"class":194},[61,78436,198],{"class":190},[61,78438,94],{"class":75},[14,78440,78441,78442,78445],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[18,78443,78444],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[47,78447,36369,78449,36372],{"id":78448},"using-the-key-argument",[18,78450,14596],{},[14,78452,1744,78453,78455],{},[18,78454,14596],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78457,7103],{},[26,78459,78460,78465],{},[29,78461,78462,78464],{},[18,78463,10914],{}," to sort by length",[29,78466,78467,78469],{},[18,78468,78444],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78471,78472],{},"Sort words by length:",[52,78474,78476],{"className":54,"code":78475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78477,78478,78519,78537,78541],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78479,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78481,3829],{"class":67},[61,78483,72],{"class":71},[61,78485,76],{"class":75},[61,78487,816],{"class":190},[61,78489,78490],{"class":194},"pear",[61,78492,816],{"class":190},[61,78494,83],{"class":75},[61,78496,522],{"class":190},[61,78498,3847],{"class":194},[61,78500,816],{"class":190},[61,78502,83],{"class":75},[61,78504,522],{"class":190},[61,78506,38114],{"class":194},[61,78508,816],{"class":190},[61,78510,83],{"class":75},[61,78512,522],{"class":190},[61,78514,3838],{"class":194},[61,78516,816],{"class":190},[61,78518,94],{"class":75},[61,78520,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531,78533,78535],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78522,3873],{"class":67},[61,78524,244],{"class":75},[61,78526,34554],{"class":112},[61,78528,109],{"class":75},[61,78530,14596],{"class":8933},[61,78532,72],{"class":71},[61,78534,10914],{"class":129},[61,78536,116],{"class":75},[61,78538,78539],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,78540,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,78542,78543,78545,78547,78549],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,78544,130],{"class":129},[61,78546,109],{"class":75},[61,78548,3873],{"class":112},[61,78550,116],{"class":75},[14,78552,157],{},[52,78554,78556],{"className":54,"code":78555,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[18,78557,78558],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78559,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78561,3658],{"class":75},[61,78563,198],{"class":190},[61,78565,38114],{"class":194},[61,78567,198],{"class":190},[61,78569,83],{"class":75},[61,78571,191],{"class":190},[61,78573,78490],{"class":194},[61,78575,198],{"class":190},[61,78577,83],{"class":75},[61,78579,191],{"class":190},[61,78581,3838],{"class":194},[61,78583,198],{"class":190},[61,78585,83],{"class":75},[61,78587,191],{"class":190},[61,78589,3847],{"class":194},[61,78591,198],{"class":190},[61,78593,94],{"class":75},[14,78595,78596],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[52,78598,78600],{"className":54,"code":78599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78601,78602,78635,78657,78661],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78603,78604,78606,78608,78610,78612,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78631,78633],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78605,3829],{"class":67},[61,78607,72],{"class":71},[61,78609,76],{"class":75},[61,78611,816],{"class":190},[61,78613,4775],{"class":194},[61,78615,816],{"class":190},[61,78617,83],{"class":75},[61,78619,522],{"class":190},[61,78621,17560],{"class":194},[61,78623,816],{"class":190},[61,78625,83],{"class":75},[61,78627,522],{"class":190},[61,78629,78630],{"class":194},"Carol",[61,78632,816],{"class":190},[61,78634,94],{"class":75},[61,78636,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78638,3873],{"class":67},[61,78640,244],{"class":75},[61,78642,34554],{"class":112},[61,78644,109],{"class":75},[61,78646,14596],{"class":8933},[61,78648,72],{"class":71},[61,78650,3199],{"class":105},[61,78652,244],{"class":75},[61,78654,8399],{"class":24507},[61,78656,116],{"class":75},[61,78658,78659],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,78660,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,78662,78663,78665,78667,78669],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,78664,130],{"class":129},[61,78666,109],{"class":75},[61,78668,3873],{"class":112},[61,78670,116],{"class":75},[14,78672,157],{},[52,78674,78676],{"className":54,"code":78675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[18,78677,78678],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78679,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78681,3658],{"class":75},[61,78683,198],{"class":190},[61,78685,17560],{"class":194},[61,78687,198],{"class":190},[61,78689,83],{"class":75},[61,78691,191],{"class":190},[61,78693,4775],{"class":194},[61,78695,198],{"class":190},[61,78697,83],{"class":75},[61,78699,191],{"class":190},[61,78701,78630],{"class":194},[61,78703,198],{"class":190},[61,78705,94],{"class":75},[14,78707,1744,78708,78710],{},[18,78709,14596],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[47,78712,78714,10337,78716],{"id":78713},"listsort-vs-sorted",[18,78715,77613],{},[18,78717,74170],{},[14,78719,78720,4154,78722,78724],{},[18,78721,77613],{},[18,78723,74170],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78726,78727,824],{},[18,78728,77613],{},[26,78730,78731,78734],{},[29,78732,78733],{},"Changes the existing list",[29,78735,11177,78736],{},[18,78737,3536],{},[14,78739,78740,824],{},[18,78741,74170],{},[26,78743,78744,78747],{},[29,78745,78746],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[29,78748,78749],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78751,1109],{},[52,78753,78755],{"className":54,"code":78754,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[18,78756,78757,78777,78781,78795,78799,78809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78758,78759,78761,78763,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78760,68],{"class":67},[61,78762,72],{"class":71},[61,78764,76],{"class":75},[61,78766,1827],{"class":79},[61,78768,83],{"class":75},[61,78770,680],{"class":79},[61,78772,83],{"class":75},[61,78774,86],{"class":79},[61,78776,94],{"class":75},[61,78778,78779],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78780,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,78782,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,78784,55648],{"class":67},[61,78786,72],{"class":71},[61,78788,74304],{"class":129},[61,78790,109],{"class":75},[61,78792,113],{"class":112},[61,78794,116],{"class":75},[61,78796,78797],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,78798,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,78800,78801,78803,78805,78807],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,78802,130],{"class":129},[61,78804,109],{"class":75},[61,78806,113],{"class":112},[61,78808,116],{"class":75},[61,78810,78811,78813,78815,78817],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,78812,130],{"class":129},[61,78814,109],{"class":75},[61,78816,74027],{"class":112},[61,78818,116],{"class":75},[14,78820,157],{},[52,78822,78823],{"className":54,"code":74339,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,78824,78825,78841],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78826,78827,78829,78831,78833,78835,78837,78839],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78828,3658],{"class":75},[61,78830,1827],{"class":79},[61,78832,83],{"class":75},[61,78834,680],{"class":79},[61,78836,83],{"class":75},[61,78838,86],{"class":79},[61,78840,94],{"class":75},[61,78842,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78844,3658],{"class":75},[61,78846,80],{"class":79},[61,78848,83],{"class":75},[61,78850,86],{"class":79},[61,78852,83],{"class":75},[61,78854,91],{"class":79},[61,78856,94],{"class":75},[14,78858,204,78859,78861],{},[18,78860,74170],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,78863,78864,78865,4154,78869,244],{},"You can learn more in ",[235,78866,3332,78867,5542],{"href":74267},[18,78868,74170],{},[235,78870,78872],{"href":78871},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[47,78874,2590],{"id":2589},[14,78876,78877,78878,244],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,78879,77613],{},[408,78881,12349,78883],{"id":78882},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[18,78884,64057],{},[14,78886,25447],{},[52,78888,78890],{"className":54,"code":78889,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78891,78892,78912,78926,78930,78940],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78893,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906,78908,78910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78895,68],{"class":67},[61,78897,72],{"class":71},[61,78899,76],{"class":75},[61,78901,1827],{"class":79},[61,78903,83],{"class":75},[61,78905,680],{"class":79},[61,78907,83],{"class":75},[61,78909,86],{"class":79},[61,78911,94],{"class":75},[61,78913,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78915,100],{"class":67},[61,78917,72],{"class":71},[61,78919,4023],{"class":67},[61,78921,244],{"class":75},[61,78923,34554],{"class":112},[61,78925,263],{"class":75},[61,78927,78928],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,78929,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,78931,78932,78934,78936,78938],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,78933,130],{"class":129},[61,78935,109],{"class":75},[61,78937,135],{"class":112},[61,78939,116],{"class":75},[61,78941,78942,78944,78946,78948],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,78943,130],{"class":129},[61,78945,109],{"class":75},[61,78947,113],{"class":112},[61,78949,116],{"class":75},[14,78951,157],{},[52,78953,78955],{"className":54,"code":78954,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,78956,78957,78961],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78958,78959],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78960,11562],{"class":3609},[61,78962,78963,78965,78967,78969,78971,78973,78975],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,78964,3658],{"class":75},[61,78966,80],{"class":79},[61,78968,83],{"class":75},[61,78970,86],{"class":79},[61,78972,83],{"class":75},[61,78974,91],{"class":79},[61,78976,94],{"class":75},[14,78978,78979,78981,78982,244],{},[18,78980,64057],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[18,78983,3536],{},[14,78985,78986,78987,6391],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[18,78988,74170],{},[408,78990,78992],{"id":78991},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,78994,78995],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[52,78997,78999],{"className":54,"code":78998,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[18,79000,79001,79026],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79002,79003,79005,79007,79009,79011,79013,79015,79018,79020,79022,79024],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79004,7539],{"class":67},[61,79006,72],{"class":71},[61,79008,76],{"class":75},[61,79010,80],{"class":79},[61,79012,83],{"class":75},[61,79014,522],{"class":190},[61,79016,79017],{"class":194},"two",[61,79019,816],{"class":190},[61,79021,83],{"class":75},[61,79023,91],{"class":79},[61,79025,94],{"class":75},[61,79027,79028,79030,79032,79034],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79029,993],{"class":67},[61,79031,244],{"class":75},[61,79033,34554],{"class":112},[61,79035,263],{"class":75},[14,79037,2761,79038,79040],{},[18,79039,1272],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[408,79042,4466,79044,79046],{"id":79043},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[18,79045,64057],{}," only works on lists",[14,79048,79049,79051],{},[18,79050,64057],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79053,16400],{},[52,79055,79057],{"className":54,"code":79056,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[18,79058,79059,79071],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79060,79061,79063,79065,79067,79069],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79062,517],{"class":67},[61,79064,72],{"class":71},[61,79066,522],{"class":190},[61,79068,56],{"class":194},[61,79070,528],{"class":190},[61,79072,79073,79075,79077,79079],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79074,541],{"class":67},[61,79076,244],{"class":75},[61,79078,34554],{"class":112},[61,79080,263],{"class":75},[14,79082,79083,79084,33356],{},"Strings do not have a ",[18,79085,64057],{},[14,79087,79088],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[52,79090,79092],{"className":54,"code":79091,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,79093,79094,79112,79122,79126],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79095,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79097,35847],{"class":67},[61,79099,72],{"class":71},[61,79101,22317],{"class":105},[61,79103,109],{"class":75},[61,79105,816],{"class":190},[61,79107,56],{"class":194},[61,79109,816],{"class":190},[61,79111,116],{"class":75},[61,79113,79114,79116,79118,79120],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79115,35900],{"class":67},[61,79117,244],{"class":75},[61,79119,34554],{"class":112},[61,79121,263],{"class":75},[61,79123,79124],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,79125,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,79127,79128,79130,79132,79134],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,79129,130],{"class":129},[61,79131,109],{"class":75},[61,79133,35900],{"class":112},[61,79135,116],{"class":75},[14,79137,157],{},[52,79139,79141],{"className":54,"code":79140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[18,79142,79143],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79144,79145,79147,79149,79151,79153,79155,79157,79159,79161,79163,79165,79167,79169,79171,79173,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183,79185,79187,79189,79191,79193],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79146,3658],{"class":75},[61,79148,198],{"class":190},[61,79150,1344],{"class":194},[61,79152,198],{"class":190},[61,79154,83],{"class":75},[61,79156,191],{"class":190},[61,79158,75776],{"class":194},[61,79160,198],{"class":190},[61,79162,83],{"class":75},[61,79164,191],{"class":190},[61,79166,1379],{"class":194},[61,79168,198],{"class":190},[61,79170,83],{"class":75},[61,79172,191],{"class":190},[61,79174,14],{"class":194},[61,79176,198],{"class":190},[61,79178,83],{"class":75},[61,79180,191],{"class":190},[61,79182,590],{"class":194},[61,79184,198],{"class":190},[61,79186,83],{"class":75},[61,79188,191],{"class":190},[61,79190,11499],{"class":194},[61,79192,198],{"class":190},[61,79194,94],{"class":75},[408,79196,79198,79199,79201],{"id":79197},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[18,79200,14596],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79203,79204,79205,244],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[18,79206,14596],{},[14,79208,79209,79210,79212],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[18,79211,64057],{}," will not do that:",[52,79214,79216],{"className":54,"code":79215,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79217,79218,79250,79268,79272],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79219,79220,79222,79224,79226,79228,79230,79232,79234,79236,79238,79240,79242,79244,79246,79248],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79221,3829],{"class":67},[61,79223,72],{"class":71},[61,79225,76],{"class":75},[61,79227,816],{"class":190},[61,79229,3847],{"class":194},[61,79231,816],{"class":190},[61,79233,83],{"class":75},[61,79235,522],{"class":190},[61,79237,38114],{"class":194},[61,79239,816],{"class":190},[61,79241,83],{"class":75},[61,79243,522],{"class":190},[61,79245,3838],{"class":194},[61,79247,816],{"class":190},[61,79249,94],{"class":75},[61,79251,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260,79262,79264,79266],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79253,3873],{"class":67},[61,79255,244],{"class":75},[61,79257,34554],{"class":112},[61,79259,109],{"class":75},[61,79261,14596],{"class":8933},[61,79263,72],{"class":71},[61,79265,10914],{"class":129},[61,79267,116],{"class":75},[61,79269,79270],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,79271,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,79273,79274,79276,79278,79280],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,79275,130],{"class":129},[61,79277,109],{"class":75},[61,79279,3873],{"class":112},[61,79281,116],{"class":75},[408,79283,79285],{"id":79284},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79287,79288],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[52,79290,79292],{"className":54,"code":79291,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79293,79294,79328,79338,79342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79295,79296,79298,79300,79302,79304,79307,79309,79311,79313,79315,79317,79319,79321,79324,79326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79297,3829],{"class":67},[61,79299,72],{"class":71},[61,79301,76],{"class":75},[61,79303,816],{"class":190},[61,79305,79306],{"class":194},"zebra",[61,79308,816],{"class":190},[61,79310,83],{"class":75},[61,79312,522],{"class":190},[61,79314,57527],{"class":194},[61,79316,816],{"class":190},[61,79318,83],{"class":75},[61,79320,522],{"class":190},[61,79322,79323],{"class":194},"monkey",[61,79325,816],{"class":190},[61,79327,94],{"class":75},[61,79329,79330,79332,79334,79336],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79331,3873],{"class":67},[61,79333,244],{"class":75},[61,79335,34554],{"class":112},[61,79337,263],{"class":75},[61,79339,79340],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,79341,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,79343,79344,79346,79348,79350],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,79345,130],{"class":129},[61,79347,109],{"class":75},[61,79349,3873],{"class":112},[61,79351,116],{"class":75},[14,79353,157],{},[52,79355,79357],{"className":54,"code":79356,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[18,79358,79359],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79360,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369,79371,79373,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79362,3658],{"class":75},[61,79364,198],{"class":190},[61,79366,57527],{"class":194},[61,79368,198],{"class":190},[61,79370,83],{"class":75},[61,79372,191],{"class":190},[61,79374,79323],{"class":194},[61,79376,198],{"class":190},[61,79378,83],{"class":75},[61,79380,191],{"class":190},[61,79382,79306],{"class":194},[61,79384,198],{"class":190},[61,79386,94],{"class":75},[14,79388,204,79389,79391],{},[18,79390,78331],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[408,79393,60464],{"id":60463},[14,79395,79396],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[52,79398,79400],{"className":54,"code":79399,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[18,79401,79402,79412,79426,79440,79454],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79403,79404,79406,79408,79410],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79405,130],{"class":129},[61,79407,109],{"class":75},[61,79409,8096],{"class":112},[61,79411,116],{"class":75},[61,79413,79414,79416,79418,79420,79422,79424],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79415,130],{"class":129},[61,79417,109],{"class":75},[61,79419,147],{"class":105},[61,79421,109],{"class":75},[61,79423,8096],{"class":112},[61,79425,154],{"class":75},[61,79427,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436,79438],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,79429,130],{"class":129},[61,79431,109],{"class":75},[61,79433,8096],{"class":112},[61,79435,244],{"class":75},[61,79437,34554],{"class":112},[61,79439,6955],{"class":75},[61,79441,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,79443,130],{"class":129},[61,79445,109],{"class":75},[61,79447,74260],{"class":129},[61,79449,109],{"class":75},[61,79451,8096],{"class":112},[61,79453,154],{"class":75},[61,79455,79456,79458,79460,79462,79464,79466,79468,79470,79472,79474,79476],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,79457,130],{"class":129},[61,79459,1126],{"class":75},[61,79461,147],{"class":105},[61,79463,109],{"class":75},[61,79465,23068],{"class":112},[61,79467,3417],{"class":75},[61,79469,3635],{"class":3634},[61,79471,5720],{"class":112},[61,79473,3641],{"class":3634},[61,79475,8153],{"class":112},[61,79477,1137],{"class":75},[14,79479,10923],{},[26,79481,79482,79485,79488,79495,79501],{},[29,79483,79484],{},"What values are in the list",[29,79486,79487],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[29,79489,79490,79491,2158,79493],{},"That ",[18,79492,64057],{},[18,79494,3536],{},[29,79496,79497,79498,79500],{},"Whether ",[18,79499,74170],{}," works better for your case",[29,79502,79503],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79505,79506,79507,79509],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[18,79508,1272],{}," problems.",[47,79511,1620],{"id":1619},[408,79513,12459,79515,55227],{"id":79514},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[18,79516,77613],{},[14,79518,62356,79519,244],{},[18,79520,3536],{},[408,79522,4943,79524,4154,79526,2251],{"id":79523},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[18,79525,64057],{},[18,79527,74170],{},[14,79529,79530,79532,79533,79535],{},[18,79531,64057],{}," changes the list itself. ",[18,79534,74170],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[408,79537,79539],{"id":79538},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79541,1063],{},[52,79543,79545],{"className":54,"code":79544,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[18,79546,79547],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79548,79549,79551,79553,79555,79557,79559,79561,79563],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79550,8096],{"class":67},[61,79552,244],{"class":75},[61,79554,34554],{"class":112},[61,79556,109],{"class":75},[61,79558,73323],{"class":8933},[61,79560,72],{"class":71},[61,79562,3361],{"class":3609},[61,79564,116],{"class":75},[408,79566,79568],{"id":79567},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79570,1063],{},[52,79572,79574],{"className":54,"code":79573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[18,79575,79576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79577,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79579,8096],{"class":67},[61,79581,244],{"class":75},[61,79583,34554],{"class":112},[61,79585,109],{"class":75},[61,79587,14596],{"class":8933},[61,79589,72],{"class":71},[61,79591,3199],{"class":105},[61,79593,244],{"class":75},[61,79595,8399],{"class":24507},[61,79597,116],{"class":75},[14,79599,79600],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[408,79602,79604,79605,79607],{"id":79603},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[18,79606,1272],{}," when sorting?",[14,79609,79610],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[47,79612,1664],{"id":1663},[26,79614,79615,79620,79626,79630],{},[29,79616,79617],{},[235,79618,79619],{"href":78122},"How to sort a list in Python",[29,79621,79622],{},[235,79623,3332,79624,5542],{"href":74267},[18,79625,74170],{},[29,79627,79628],{},[235,79629,66823],{"href":50737},[29,79631,79632],{},[235,79633,78872],{"href":78871},[1693,79635,79636],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":79638},[79639,79640,79642,79643,79644,79645,79647,79649,79660,79670],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":77679,"depth":97,"text":79641},"What list.sort() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":77934,"depth":97,"text":77935},{"id":78126,"depth":97,"text":78127},{"id":78448,"depth":97,"text":79646},"Using the key argument",{"id":78713,"depth":97,"text":79648},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":79650},[79651,79653,79654,79656,79658,79659],{"id":78882,"depth":119,"text":79652},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78991,"depth":119,"text":78992},{"id":79043,"depth":119,"text":79655},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79197,"depth":119,"text":79657},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79284,"depth":119,"text":79285},{"id":60463,"depth":119,"text":60464},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":79661},[79662,79664,79666,79667,79668],{"id":79514,"depth":119,"text":79663},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79523,"depth":119,"text":79665},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79538,"depth":119,"text":79539},{"id":79567,"depth":119,"text":79568},{"id":79603,"depth":119,"text":79669},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77601,"description":79671},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79678,"title":79679,"body":79680,"description":82311,"extension":1727,"meta":82312,"navigation":122,"path":82313,"seo":82314,"stem":82315,"__hash__":82316},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79681,"toc":82270},[79682,79687,79692,79695,79706,79709,79729,79731,79793,79795,79836,79845,79850,79855,79861,79872,79874,79893,79896,79901,79906,79908,79913,79927,79929,79947,79950,79967,79970,79976,79999,80004,80006,80009,80070,80072,80105,80107,80146,80154,80164,80170,80175,80268,80270,80294,80296,80314,80317,80348,80354,80359,80362,80364,80489,80491,80515,80517,80536,80542,80548,80667,80669,80686,80693,80699,80704,80711,80717,80719,80776,80779,80800,80803,80806,80867,80869,80902,80906,80976,80978,80995,80999,81002,81077,81079,81116,81119,81122,81193,81195,81256,81261,81266,81269,81283,81285,81358,81360,81380,81383,81386,81443,81505,81508,81540,81543,81558,81563,81565,81571,81574,81630,81633,81635,81654,81658,81660,81704,81713,81715,81775,81779,81782,81784,81877,81879,81994,81998,82000,82074,82077,82080,82082,82087,82152,82154,82178,82188,82190,82196,82205,82214,82223,82229,82232,82236,82239,82241,82267],[10,79683,3332,79685,3336],{"id":79684},"python-map-function-explained",[18,79686,39473],{},[14,79688,3339,79689,79691],{},[18,79690,39473],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79693,79694],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[26,79696,79697,79700,79703],{},[29,79698,79699],{},"converting numbers to strings",[29,79701,79702],{},"changing strings to integers",[29,79704,79705],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79707,79708],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[26,79710,79711,79718,79724],{},[29,79712,79713,601,79715,79717],{},[18,79714,39473],{},[603,79716,605],{}," return a list in Python 3",[29,79719,79720,79721],{},"it returns a ",[603,79722,79723],{},"map object",[29,79725,79726,79727],{},"you often convert that result with ",[18,79728,24538],{},[47,79730,50],{"id":49},[52,79732,79734],{"className":54,"code":79733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,79735,79736,79760,79779],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79737,79738,79740,79742,79744,79746,79748,79750,79752,79754,79756,79758],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79739,68],{"class":67},[61,79741,72],{"class":71},[61,79743,76],{"class":75},[61,79745,80],{"class":79},[61,79747,83],{"class":75},[61,79749,86],{"class":79},[61,79751,83],{"class":75},[61,79753,91],{"class":79},[61,79755,83],{"class":75},[61,79757,693],{"class":79},[61,79759,94],{"class":75},[61,79761,79762,79764,79766,79769,79771,79773,79775,79777],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,79763,100],{"class":67},[61,79765,72],{"class":71},[61,79767,79768],{"class":129}," map",[61,79770,109],{"class":75},[61,79772,3199],{"class":105},[61,79774,83],{"class":75},[61,79776,4023],{"class":112},[61,79778,116],{"class":75},[61,79780,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,79782,130],{"class":129},[61,79784,109],{"class":75},[61,79786,7852],{"class":105},[61,79788,109],{"class":75},[61,79790,135],{"class":112},[61,79792,154],{"class":75},[14,79794,157],{},[52,79796,79798],{"className":54,"code":79797,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[18,79799,79800],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79801,79802,79804,79806,79808,79810,79812,79814,79816,79818,79820,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79803,3658],{"class":75},[61,79805,198],{"class":190},[61,79807,80],{"class":194},[61,79809,198],{"class":190},[61,79811,83],{"class":75},[61,79813,191],{"class":190},[61,79815,1821],{"class":194},[61,79817,198],{"class":190},[61,79819,83],{"class":75},[61,79821,191],{"class":190},[61,79823,1827],{"class":194},[61,79825,198],{"class":190},[61,79827,83],{"class":75},[61,79829,191],{"class":190},[61,79831,1129],{"class":194},[61,79833,198],{"class":190},[61,79835,94],{"class":75},[14,79837,204,79838,79841,79842,79844],{},[18,79839,79840],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[18,79843,24538],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[47,79846,3435,79848,3438],{"id":79847},"what-map-does",[18,79849,39473],{},[14,79851,79852,79854],{},[18,79853,39473],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79856,79857,79858,79860],{},"An ",[603,79859,272],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[26,79862,79863,79865,79867,79869],{},[29,79864,37658],{},[29,79866,37661],{},[29,79868,37664],{},[29,79870,79871],{},"a range object",[14,79873,30480],{},[52,79875,79877],{"className":54,"code":79876,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"map(function, iterable)\n",[18,79878,79879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79880,79881,79883,79885,79887,79889,79891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79882,39616],{"class":129},[61,79884,109],{"class":75},[61,79886,37617],{"class":112},[61,79888,83],{"class":75},[61,79890,37622],{"class":112},[61,79892,116],{"class":75},[14,79894,79895],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,79897,79898,79899,33497],{},"Important: the result is a ",[603,79900,79723],{},[14,79902,79903,79904,244],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[235,79905,4899],{"href":4898},[47,79907,248],{"id":247},[14,79909,79910,79912],{},[18,79911,39473],{}," needs at least two parts:",[26,79914,79915,79921],{},[29,79916,79917,79920],{},[603,79918,79919],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[29,79922,79923,79926],{},[603,79924,79925],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,79928,3464],{},[52,79930,79931],{"className":54,"code":79876,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,79932,79933],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79934,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79936,39616],{"class":129},[61,79938,109],{"class":75},[61,79940,37617],{"class":112},[61,79942,83],{"class":75},[61,79944,37622],{"class":112},[61,79946,116],{"class":75},[14,79948,79949],{},"You can pass:",[26,79951,79952,79961,79964],{},[29,79953,79954,79955,1951,79957,1955,79959],{},"built-in functions like ",[18,79956,3199],{},[18,79958,1279],{},[18,79960,1781],{},[29,79962,79963],{},"your own custom function",[29,79965,79966],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,79968,79969],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,79971,79972,79973,79975],{},"You will often see ",[18,79974,39473],{}," used like this:",[52,79977,79979],{"className":54,"code":79978,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list(map(function, values))\n",[18,79980,79981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79982,79983,79985,79987,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79984,7852],{"class":105},[61,79986,109],{"class":75},[61,79988,39616],{"class":129},[61,79990,109],{"class":75},[61,79992,37617],{"class":112},[61,79994,83],{"class":75},[61,79996,3644],{"class":112},[61,79998,154],{"class":75},[14,80000,6437,80001,80003],{},[18,80002,24538],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[47,80005,11228],{"id":11227},[14,80007,80008],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[52,80010,80012],{"className":54,"code":80011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80013,80014,80034,80052,80056],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80015,80016,80018,80020,80022,80024,80026,80028,80030,80032],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80017,68],{"class":67},[61,80019,72],{"class":71},[61,80021,76],{"class":75},[61,80023,430],{"class":79},[61,80025,83],{"class":75},[61,80027,435],{"class":79},[61,80029,83],{"class":75},[61,80031,440],{"class":79},[61,80033,94],{"class":75},[61,80035,80036,80038,80040,80042,80044,80046,80048,80050],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,80037,100],{"class":67},[61,80039,72],{"class":71},[61,80041,79768],{"class":129},[61,80043,109],{"class":75},[61,80045,3199],{"class":105},[61,80047,83],{"class":75},[61,80049,4023],{"class":112},[61,80051,116],{"class":75},[61,80053,80054],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,80055,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,80057,80058,80060,80062,80064,80066,80068],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,80059,130],{"class":129},[61,80061,109],{"class":75},[61,80063,7852],{"class":105},[61,80065,109],{"class":75},[61,80067,135],{"class":112},[61,80069,154],{"class":75},[14,80071,157],{},[52,80073,80075],{"className":54,"code":80074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[18,80076,80077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80078,80079,80081,80083,80085,80087,80089,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101,80103],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80080,3658],{"class":75},[61,80082,198],{"class":190},[61,80084,430],{"class":194},[61,80086,198],{"class":190},[61,80088,83],{"class":75},[61,80090,191],{"class":190},[61,80092,15510],{"class":194},[61,80094,198],{"class":190},[61,80096,83],{"class":75},[61,80098,191],{"class":190},[61,80100,36598],{"class":194},[61,80102,198],{"class":190},[61,80104,94],{"class":75},[14,80106,11437],{},[26,80108,80109,80114,80122,80130,80138],{},[29,80110,80111,80113],{},[18,80112,113],{}," contains integers",[29,80115,80116,80119,80120],{},[18,80117,80118],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[18,80121,47442],{},[29,80123,80124,41912,80127],{},[18,80125,80126],{},"str(10)",[18,80128,80129],{},"'10'",[29,80131,80132,41912,80135],{},[18,80133,80134],{},"str(20)",[18,80136,80137],{},"'20'",[29,80139,80140,41912,80143],{},[18,80141,80142],{},"str(30)",[18,80144,80145],{},"'30'",[14,80147,53411,80148,80150,80151,80153],{},[18,80149,39473],{}," applies ",[18,80152,47442],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80155,80156,80157,80159,80160,244],{},"If you want to understand ",[18,80158,24538],{}," better, see ",[235,80161,3332,80162,3265],{"href":64593},[18,80163,24538],{},[47,80165,8175,80167,80169],{"id":80166},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[18,80168,39473],{}," with your own function",[14,80171,15470,80172,80174],{},[18,80173,39473],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[52,80176,80178],{"className":54,"code":80177,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80179,80180,80193,80203,80207,80231,80250,80254],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80181,80182,80184,80187,80189,80191],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80183,34606],{"class":186},[61,80185,80186],{"class":34609}," double",[61,80188,109],{"class":75},[61,80190,1936],{"class":37419},[61,80192,8099],{"class":75},[61,80194,80195,80197,80199,80201],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,80196,34617],{"class":3634},[61,80198,3638],{"class":67},[61,80200,39629],{"class":71},[61,80202,45347],{"class":79},[61,80204,80205],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,80206,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,80208,80209,80211,80213,80215,80217,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,80210,68],{"class":67},[61,80212,72],{"class":71},[61,80214,76],{"class":75},[61,80216,80],{"class":79},[61,80218,83],{"class":75},[61,80220,86],{"class":79},[61,80222,83],{"class":75},[61,80224,91],{"class":79},[61,80226,83],{"class":75},[61,80228,693],{"class":79},[61,80230,94],{"class":75},[61,80232,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241,80244,80246,80248],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,80234,100],{"class":67},[61,80236,72],{"class":71},[61,80238,79768],{"class":129},[61,80240,109],{"class":75},[61,80242,80243],{"class":112},"double",[61,80245,83],{"class":75},[61,80247,4023],{"class":112},[61,80249,116],{"class":75},[61,80251,80252],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,80253,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,80255,80256,80258,80260,80262,80264,80266],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,80257,130],{"class":129},[61,80259,109],{"class":75},[61,80261,7852],{"class":105},[61,80263,109],{"class":75},[61,80265,135],{"class":112},[61,80267,154],{"class":75},[14,80269,157],{},[52,80271,80272],{"className":54,"code":39642,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,80273,80274],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80275,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284,80286,80288,80290,80292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80277,3658],{"class":75},[61,80279,1821],{"class":79},[61,80281,83],{"class":75},[61,80283,693],{"class":79},[61,80285,83],{"class":75},[61,80287,37400],{"class":79},[61,80289,83],{"class":75},[61,80291,6118],{"class":79},[61,80293,94],{"class":75},[14,80295,65330],{},[26,80297,80298,80305,80311],{},[29,80299,80300,80302,80303],{},[18,80301,39473],{}," takes the function ",[18,80304,80243],{},[29,80306,80307,80308,80310],{},"it sends each item from ",[18,80309,113],{}," into that function",[29,80312,80313],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80315,80316],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[26,80318,80319,80326,80333,80341],{},[29,80320,80321,5831,80324],{},[18,80322,80323],{},"double(1)",[18,80325,1821],{},[29,80327,80328,5831,80331],{},[18,80329,80330],{},"double(2)",[18,80332,1129],{},[29,80334,80335,5831,80338],{},[18,80336,80337],{},"double(3)",[18,80339,80340],{},"6",[29,80342,80343,5831,80346],{},[18,80344,80345],{},"double(4)",[18,80347,2106],{},[47,80349,8175,80351,80353],{"id":80350},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[18,80352,39473],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80355,80356,80358],{},[18,80357,39473],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80360,80361],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80363,1109],{},[52,80365,80367],{"className":54,"code":80366,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80368,80369,80386,80396,80400,80421,80442,80446,80471,80475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80370,80371,80373,80376,80378,80380,80382,80384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80372,34606],{"class":186},[61,80374,80375],{"class":34609}," add_numbers",[61,80377,109],{"class":75},[61,80379,235],{"class":37419},[61,80381,83],{"class":75},[61,80383,2318],{"class":37419},[61,80385,8099],{"class":75},[61,80387,80388,80390,80392,80394],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,80389,34617],{"class":3634},[61,80391,44302],{"class":67},[61,80393,1824],{"class":71},[61,80395,35939],{"class":67},[61,80397,80398],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,80399,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,80401,80402,80405,80407,80409,80411,80413,80415,80417,80419],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,80403,80404],{"class":67},"list1 ",[61,80406,72],{"class":71},[61,80408,76],{"class":75},[61,80410,80],{"class":79},[61,80412,83],{"class":75},[61,80414,86],{"class":79},[61,80416,83],{"class":75},[61,80418,91],{"class":79},[61,80420,94],{"class":75},[61,80422,80423,80426,80428,80430,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,80424,80425],{"class":67},"list2 ",[61,80427,72],{"class":71},[61,80429,76],{"class":75},[61,80431,430],{"class":79},[61,80433,83],{"class":75},[61,80435,435],{"class":79},[61,80437,83],{"class":75},[61,80439,440],{"class":79},[61,80441,94],{"class":75},[61,80443,80444],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,80445,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,80447,80448,80450,80452,80454,80456,80459,80461,80464,80466,80469],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,80449,100],{"class":67},[61,80451,72],{"class":71},[61,80453,79768],{"class":129},[61,80455,109],{"class":75},[61,80457,80458],{"class":112},"add_numbers",[61,80460,83],{"class":75},[61,80462,80463],{"class":112}," list1",[61,80465,83],{"class":75},[61,80467,80468],{"class":112}," list2",[61,80470,116],{"class":75},[61,80472,80473],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,80474,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,80476,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,80478,130],{"class":129},[61,80480,109],{"class":75},[61,80482,7852],{"class":105},[61,80484,109],{"class":75},[61,80486,135],{"class":112},[61,80488,154],{"class":75},[14,80490,157],{},[52,80492,80494],{"className":54,"code":80493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[18,80495,80496],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80497,80498,80500,80503,80505,80508,80510,80513],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80499,3658],{"class":75},[61,80501,80502],{"class":79},"11",[61,80504,83],{"class":75},[61,80506,80507],{"class":79}," 22",[61,80509,83],{"class":75},[61,80511,80512],{"class":79}," 33",[61,80514,94],{"class":75},[14,80516,1941],{},[26,80518,80519,80525,80531],{},[29,80520,80521,80522],{},"the first values are used together: ",[18,80523,80524],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[29,80526,80527,80528],{},"then ",[18,80529,80530],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[29,80532,80527,80533],{},[18,80534,80535],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[408,80537,80539,80541],{"id":80538},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[18,80540,39473],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80543,80544,80545,80547],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[18,80546,39473],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[52,80549,80551],{"className":54,"code":80550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80552,80553,80569,80579,80583,80607,80623,80627,80649,80653],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80554,80555,80557,80559,80561,80563,80565,80567],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80556,34606],{"class":186},[61,80558,80375],{"class":34609},[61,80560,109],{"class":75},[61,80562,235],{"class":37419},[61,80564,83],{"class":75},[61,80566,2318],{"class":37419},[61,80568,8099],{"class":75},[61,80570,80571,80573,80575,80577],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,80572,34617],{"class":3634},[61,80574,44302],{"class":67},[61,80576,1824],{"class":71},[61,80578,35939],{"class":67},[61,80580,80581],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,80582,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,80584,80585,80587,80589,80591,80593,80595,80597,80599,80601,80603,80605],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,80586,80404],{"class":67},[61,80588,72],{"class":71},[61,80590,76],{"class":75},[61,80592,80],{"class":79},[61,80594,83],{"class":75},[61,80596,86],{"class":79},[61,80598,83],{"class":75},[61,80600,91],{"class":79},[61,80602,83],{"class":75},[61,80604,693],{"class":79},[61,80606,94],{"class":75},[61,80608,80609,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,80610,80425],{"class":67},[61,80612,72],{"class":71},[61,80614,76],{"class":75},[61,80616,430],{"class":79},[61,80618,83],{"class":75},[61,80620,435],{"class":79},[61,80622,94],{"class":75},[61,80624,80625],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,80626,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,80628,80629,80631,80633,80635,80637,80639,80641,80643,80645,80647],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,80630,100],{"class":67},[61,80632,72],{"class":71},[61,80634,79768],{"class":129},[61,80636,109],{"class":75},[61,80638,80458],{"class":112},[61,80640,83],{"class":75},[61,80642,80463],{"class":112},[61,80644,83],{"class":75},[61,80646,80468],{"class":112},[61,80648,116],{"class":75},[61,80650,80651],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,80652,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,80654,80655,80657,80659,80661,80663,80665],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,80656,130],{"class":129},[61,80658,109],{"class":75},[61,80660,7852],{"class":105},[61,80662,109],{"class":75},[61,80664,135],{"class":112},[61,80666,154],{"class":75},[14,80668,157],{},[52,80670,80672],{"className":54,"code":80671,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[11, 22]\n",[18,80673,80674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80675,80676,80678,80680,80682,80684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80677,3658],{"class":75},[61,80679,80502],{"class":79},[61,80681,83],{"class":75},[61,80683,80507],{"class":79},[61,80685,94],{"class":75},[14,80687,80688,80689,80692],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[18,80690,80691],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[47,80694,80696,80698],{"id":80695},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[18,80697,39473],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80700,37780,80701,80703],{},[18,80702,39473],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80705,80706,80707,80710],{},"This object is ",[603,80708,80709],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[408,80712,2247,80714,80716],{"id":80713},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[18,80715,32782],{}," looks strange",[14,80718,33398],{},[52,80720,80722],{"className":54,"code":80721,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,80723,80724,80744,80762,80766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80725,80726,80728,80730,80732,80734,80736,80738,80740,80742],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80727,68],{"class":67},[61,80729,72],{"class":71},[61,80731,76],{"class":75},[61,80733,80],{"class":79},[61,80735,83],{"class":75},[61,80737,86],{"class":79},[61,80739,83],{"class":75},[61,80741,91],{"class":79},[61,80743,94],{"class":75},[61,80745,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,80747,100],{"class":67},[61,80749,72],{"class":71},[61,80751,79768],{"class":129},[61,80753,109],{"class":75},[61,80755,3199],{"class":105},[61,80757,83],{"class":75},[61,80759,4023],{"class":112},[61,80761,116],{"class":75},[61,80763,80764],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,80765,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,80767,80768,80770,80772,80774],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,80769,130],{"class":129},[61,80771,109],{"class":75},[61,80773,135],{"class":112},[61,80775,116],{"class":75},[14,80777,80778],{},"Output will look something like this:",[52,80780,80782],{"className":54,"code":80781,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[18,80783,80784],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80785,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80787,183],{"class":71},[61,80789,39616],{"class":129},[61,80791,1284],{"class":105},[61,80793,37120],{"class":67},[61,80795,37124],{"class":37123},[61,80797,37127],{"class":34209},[61,80799,201],{"class":71},[14,80801,80802],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,80804,80805],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[52,80807,80809],{"className":54,"code":80808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80810,80811,80831,80849,80853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80812,80813,80815,80817,80819,80821,80823,80825,80827,80829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80814,68],{"class":67},[61,80816,72],{"class":71},[61,80818,76],{"class":75},[61,80820,80],{"class":79},[61,80822,83],{"class":75},[61,80824,86],{"class":79},[61,80826,83],{"class":75},[61,80828,91],{"class":79},[61,80830,94],{"class":75},[61,80832,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843,80845,80847],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,80834,100],{"class":67},[61,80836,72],{"class":71},[61,80838,79768],{"class":129},[61,80840,109],{"class":75},[61,80842,3199],{"class":105},[61,80844,83],{"class":75},[61,80846,4023],{"class":112},[61,80848,116],{"class":75},[61,80850,80851],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,80852,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,80854,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,80856,130],{"class":129},[61,80858,109],{"class":75},[61,80860,7852],{"class":105},[61,80862,109],{"class":75},[61,80864,135],{"class":112},[61,80866,154],{"class":75},[14,80868,157],{},[52,80870,80872],{"className":54,"code":80871,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,80873,80874],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80875,80876,80878,80880,80882,80884,80886,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80877,3658],{"class":75},[61,80879,198],{"class":190},[61,80881,80],{"class":194},[61,80883,198],{"class":190},[61,80885,83],{"class":75},[61,80887,191],{"class":190},[61,80889,1821],{"class":194},[61,80891,198],{"class":190},[61,80893,83],{"class":75},[61,80895,191],{"class":190},[61,80897,1827],{"class":194},[61,80899,198],{"class":190},[61,80901,94],{"class":75},[408,80903,80905],{"id":80904},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[52,80907,80909],{"className":54,"code":80908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,80910,80911,80931,80949,80953,80966],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80912,80913,80915,80917,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927,80929],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80914,68],{"class":67},[61,80916,72],{"class":71},[61,80918,76],{"class":75},[61,80920,80],{"class":79},[61,80922,83],{"class":75},[61,80924,86],{"class":79},[61,80926,83],{"class":75},[61,80928,91],{"class":79},[61,80930,94],{"class":75},[61,80932,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,80934,100],{"class":67},[61,80936,72],{"class":71},[61,80938,79768],{"class":129},[61,80940,109],{"class":75},[61,80942,3199],{"class":105},[61,80944,83],{"class":75},[61,80946,4023],{"class":112},[61,80948,116],{"class":75},[61,80950,80951],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,80952,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,80954,80955,80957,80959,80961,80964],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,80956,5717],{"class":3634},[61,80958,5720],{"class":67},[61,80960,3641],{"class":3634},[61,80962,80963],{"class":67}," result",[61,80965,6152],{"class":75},[61,80967,80968,80970,80972,80974],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,80969,7827],{"class":129},[61,80971,109],{"class":75},[61,80973,23068],{"class":112},[61,80975,116],{"class":75},[14,80977,157],{},[52,80979,80981],{"className":54,"code":80980,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n2\n3\n",[18,80982,80983,80987,80991],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80984,80985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80986,46675],{"class":79},[61,80988,80989],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,80990,16813],{"class":79},[61,80992,80993],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,80994,46375],{"class":79},[408,80996,80998],{"id":80997},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81000,81001],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[52,81003,81005],{"className":54,"code":81004,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81006,81007,81027,81045,81049,81063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81008,81009,81011,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021,81023,81025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81010,68],{"class":67},[61,81012,72],{"class":71},[61,81014,76],{"class":75},[61,81016,80],{"class":79},[61,81018,83],{"class":75},[61,81020,86],{"class":79},[61,81022,83],{"class":75},[61,81024,91],{"class":79},[61,81026,94],{"class":75},[61,81028,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039,81041,81043],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81030,100],{"class":67},[61,81032,72],{"class":71},[61,81034,79768],{"class":129},[61,81036,109],{"class":75},[61,81038,3199],{"class":105},[61,81040,83],{"class":75},[61,81042,4023],{"class":112},[61,81044,116],{"class":75},[61,81046,81047],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,81048,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,81050,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,81052,130],{"class":129},[61,81054,109],{"class":75},[61,81056,7852],{"class":105},[61,81058,109],{"class":75},[61,81060,135],{"class":112},[61,81062,154],{"class":75},[61,81064,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,81066,130],{"class":129},[61,81068,109],{"class":75},[61,81070,7852],{"class":105},[61,81072,109],{"class":75},[61,81074,135],{"class":112},[61,81076,154],{"class":75},[14,81078,157],{},[52,81080,81082],{"className":54,"code":81081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[18,81083,81084,81112],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81085,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096,81098,81100,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81087,3658],{"class":75},[61,81089,198],{"class":190},[61,81091,80],{"class":194},[61,81093,198],{"class":190},[61,81095,83],{"class":75},[61,81097,191],{"class":190},[61,81099,1821],{"class":194},[61,81101,198],{"class":190},[61,81103,83],{"class":75},[61,81105,191],{"class":190},[61,81107,1827],{"class":194},[61,81109,198],{"class":190},[61,81111,94],{"class":75},[61,81113,81114],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81115,38053],{"class":75},[14,81117,81118],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81120,81121],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[52,81123,81125],{"className":54,"code":81124,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,81126,81127,81147,81169,81173,81183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81128,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81130,68],{"class":67},[61,81132,72],{"class":71},[61,81134,76],{"class":75},[61,81136,80],{"class":79},[61,81138,83],{"class":75},[61,81140,86],{"class":79},[61,81142,83],{"class":75},[61,81144,91],{"class":79},[61,81146,94],{"class":75},[61,81148,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161,81163,81165,81167],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81150,100],{"class":67},[61,81152,72],{"class":71},[61,81154,22317],{"class":105},[61,81156,109],{"class":75},[61,81158,39616],{"class":129},[61,81160,109],{"class":75},[61,81162,3199],{"class":105},[61,81164,83],{"class":75},[61,81166,4023],{"class":112},[61,81168,154],{"class":75},[61,81170,81171],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,81172,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,81174,81175,81177,81179,81181],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,81176,130],{"class":129},[61,81178,109],{"class":75},[61,81180,135],{"class":112},[61,81182,116],{"class":75},[61,81184,81185,81187,81189,81191],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,81186,130],{"class":129},[61,81188,109],{"class":75},[61,81190,135],{"class":112},[61,81192,116],{"class":75},[14,81194,157],{},[52,81196,81198],{"className":54,"code":81197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81199,81200,81228],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81201,81202,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224,81226],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81203,3658],{"class":75},[61,81205,198],{"class":190},[61,81207,80],{"class":194},[61,81209,198],{"class":190},[61,81211,83],{"class":75},[61,81213,191],{"class":190},[61,81215,1821],{"class":194},[61,81217,198],{"class":190},[61,81219,83],{"class":75},[61,81221,191],{"class":190},[61,81223,1827],{"class":194},[61,81225,198],{"class":190},[61,81227,94],{"class":75},[61,81229,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81231,3658],{"class":75},[61,81233,198],{"class":190},[61,81235,80],{"class":194},[61,81237,198],{"class":190},[61,81239,83],{"class":75},[61,81241,191],{"class":190},[61,81243,1821],{"class":194},[61,81245,198],{"class":190},[61,81247,83],{"class":75},[61,81249,191],{"class":190},[61,81251,1827],{"class":194},[61,81253,198],{"class":190},[61,81255,94],{"class":75},[47,81257,4723,81259],{"id":81258},"when-to-use-map",[18,81260,39473],{},[14,81262,81263,81265],{},[18,81264,39473],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81267,81268],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[26,81270,81271,81275,81279],{},[29,81272,81273],{},[18,81274,3199],{},[29,81276,81277],{},[18,81278,1279],{},[29,81280,81281],{},[18,81282,1781],{},[14,81284,1109],{},[52,81286,81288],{"className":54,"code":81287,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,81289,81290,81322,81344,81348],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81291,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316,81318,81320],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81293,712],{"class":67},[61,81295,72],{"class":71},[61,81297,76],{"class":75},[61,81299,198],{"class":190},[61,81301,80],{"class":194},[61,81303,198],{"class":190},[61,81305,83],{"class":75},[61,81307,191],{"class":190},[61,81309,1821],{"class":194},[61,81311,198],{"class":190},[61,81313,83],{"class":75},[61,81315,191],{"class":190},[61,81317,1827],{"class":194},[61,81319,198],{"class":190},[61,81321,94],{"class":75},[61,81323,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81325,68],{"class":67},[61,81327,72],{"class":71},[61,81329,22317],{"class":105},[61,81331,109],{"class":75},[61,81333,39616],{"class":129},[61,81335,109],{"class":75},[61,81337,1279],{"class":105},[61,81339,83],{"class":75},[61,81341,3644],{"class":112},[61,81343,154],{"class":75},[61,81345,81346],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,81347,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,81349,81350,81352,81354,81356],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,81351,130],{"class":129},[61,81353,109],{"class":75},[61,81355,113],{"class":112},[61,81357,116],{"class":75},[14,81359,157],{},[52,81361,81362],{"className":54,"code":54908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,81363,81364],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81365,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81367,3658],{"class":75},[61,81369,80],{"class":79},[61,81371,83],{"class":75},[61,81373,86],{"class":79},[61,81375,83],{"class":75},[61,81377,91],{"class":79},[61,81379,94],{"class":75},[14,81381,81382],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81384,81385],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[52,81387,81389],{"className":54,"code":81388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,81390,81391,81411,81433],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81392,81393,81395,81397,81399,81401,81403,81405,81407,81409],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81394,68],{"class":67},[61,81396,72],{"class":71},[61,81398,76],{"class":75},[61,81400,80],{"class":79},[61,81402,83],{"class":75},[61,81404,86],{"class":79},[61,81406,83],{"class":75},[61,81408,91],{"class":79},[61,81410,94],{"class":75},[61,81412,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81414,100],{"class":67},[61,81416,72],{"class":71},[61,81418,22317],{"class":105},[61,81420,109],{"class":75},[61,81422,39616],{"class":129},[61,81424,109],{"class":75},[61,81426,3199],{"class":105},[61,81428,83],{"class":75},[61,81430,4023],{"class":112},[61,81432,154],{"class":75},[61,81434,81435,81437,81439,81441],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,81436,130],{"class":129},[61,81438,109],{"class":75},[61,81440,135],{"class":112},[61,81442,116],{"class":75},[52,81444,81446],{"className":54,"code":81445,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[18,81447,81448,81468,81495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81449,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81451,68],{"class":67},[61,81453,72],{"class":71},[61,81455,76],{"class":75},[61,81457,80],{"class":79},[61,81459,83],{"class":75},[61,81461,86],{"class":79},[61,81463,83],{"class":75},[61,81465,91],{"class":79},[61,81467,94],{"class":75},[61,81469,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81489,81491,81493],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81471,100],{"class":67},[61,81473,72],{"class":71},[61,81475,76],{"class":75},[61,81477,3199],{"class":105},[61,81479,109],{"class":75},[61,81481,75776],{"class":112},[61,81483,3417],{"class":75},[61,81485,3635],{"class":3634},[61,81487,81488],{"class":67}," n ",[61,81490,3641],{"class":3634},[61,81492,4023],{"class":67},[61,81494,94],{"class":75},[61,81496,81497,81499,81501,81503],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,81498,130],{"class":129},[61,81500,109],{"class":75},[61,81502,135],{"class":112},[61,81504,116],{"class":75},[14,81506,81507],{},"Both produce:",[52,81509,81510],{"className":54,"code":80871,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,81511,81512],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81513,81514,81516,81518,81520,81522,81524,81526,81528,81530,81532,81534,81536,81538],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81515,3658],{"class":75},[61,81517,198],{"class":190},[61,81519,80],{"class":194},[61,81521,198],{"class":190},[61,81523,83],{"class":75},[61,81525,191],{"class":190},[61,81527,1821],{"class":194},[61,81529,198],{"class":190},[61,81531,83],{"class":75},[61,81533,191],{"class":190},[61,81535,1827],{"class":194},[61,81537,198],{"class":190},[61,81539,94],{"class":75},[14,81541,81542],{},"A simple rule:",[26,81544,81545,81550,81555],{},[29,81546,39747,81547,81549],{},[18,81548,39473],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[29,81551,39753,81552,81554],{},[18,81553,5717],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[29,81556,81557],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81559,81560,81561,244],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[235,81562,4153],{"href":4152},[47,81564,4280],{"id":4279},[408,81566,81568,81569],{"id":81567},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[18,81570,24538],{},[14,81572,81573],{},"This is very common:",[52,81575,81576],{"className":54,"code":80721,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,81577,81578,81598,81616,81620],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81579,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81581,68],{"class":67},[61,81583,72],{"class":71},[61,81585,76],{"class":75},[61,81587,80],{"class":79},[61,81589,83],{"class":75},[61,81591,86],{"class":79},[61,81593,83],{"class":75},[61,81595,91],{"class":79},[61,81597,94],{"class":75},[61,81599,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81601,100],{"class":67},[61,81603,72],{"class":71},[61,81605,79768],{"class":129},[61,81607,109],{"class":75},[61,81609,3199],{"class":105},[61,81611,83],{"class":75},[61,81613,4023],{"class":112},[61,81615,116],{"class":75},[61,81617,81618],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,81619,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,81621,81622,81624,81626,81628],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,81623,130],{"class":129},[61,81625,109],{"class":75},[61,81627,135],{"class":112},[61,81629,116],{"class":75},[14,81631,81632],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81634,39018],{},[52,81636,81638],{"className":54,"code":81637,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(result))\n",[18,81639,81640],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81641,81642,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81643,130],{"class":129},[61,81645,109],{"class":75},[61,81647,7852],{"class":105},[61,81649,109],{"class":75},[61,81651,135],{"class":112},[61,81653,154],{"class":75},[408,81655,81657],{"id":81656},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81659,16400],{},[52,81661,81663],{"className":54,"code":81662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[18,81664,81665,81685],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81666,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81668,68],{"class":67},[61,81670,72],{"class":71},[61,81672,76],{"class":75},[61,81674,80],{"class":79},[61,81676,83],{"class":75},[61,81678,86],{"class":79},[61,81680,83],{"class":75},[61,81682,91],{"class":79},[61,81684,94],{"class":75},[61,81686,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697,81700,81702],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81688,100],{"class":67},[61,81690,72],{"class":71},[61,81692,79768],{"class":129},[61,81694,109],{"class":75},[61,81696,3199],{"class":105},[61,81698,81699],{"class":75},"(),",[61,81701,4023],{"class":112},[61,81703,116],{"class":75},[14,81705,81706,81707,81709,81710,81712],{},"This is wrong because ",[18,81708,47442],{}," is being called immediately. ",[18,81711,39473],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81714,16412],{},[52,81716,81717],{"className":54,"code":80808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,81718,81719,81739,81757,81761],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81720,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729,81731,81733,81735,81737],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81722,68],{"class":67},[61,81724,72],{"class":71},[61,81726,76],{"class":75},[61,81728,80],{"class":79},[61,81730,83],{"class":75},[61,81732,86],{"class":79},[61,81734,83],{"class":75},[61,81736,91],{"class":79},[61,81738,94],{"class":75},[61,81740,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751,81753,81755],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81742,100],{"class":67},[61,81744,72],{"class":71},[61,81746,79768],{"class":129},[61,81748,109],{"class":75},[61,81750,3199],{"class":105},[61,81752,83],{"class":75},[61,81754,4023],{"class":112},[61,81756,116],{"class":75},[61,81758,81759],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,81760,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,81762,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,81764,130],{"class":129},[61,81766,109],{"class":75},[61,81768,7852],{"class":105},[61,81770,109],{"class":75},[61,81772,135],{"class":112},[61,81774,154],{"class":75},[408,81776,81778],{"id":81777},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,81780,81781],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,81783,16400],{},[52,81785,81787],{"className":54,"code":81786,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81788,81789,81806,81816,81820,81840,81859,81863],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81790,81791,81793,81796,81798,81800,81802,81804],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81792,34606],{"class":186},[61,81794,81795],{"class":34609}," add",[61,81797,109],{"class":75},[61,81799,235],{"class":37419},[61,81801,83],{"class":75},[61,81803,2318],{"class":37419},[61,81805,8099],{"class":75},[61,81807,81808,81810,81812,81814],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81809,34617],{"class":3634},[61,81811,44302],{"class":67},[61,81813,1824],{"class":71},[61,81815,35939],{"class":67},[61,81817,81818],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,81819,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,81821,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,81823,68],{"class":67},[61,81825,72],{"class":71},[61,81827,76],{"class":75},[61,81829,80],{"class":79},[61,81831,83],{"class":75},[61,81833,86],{"class":79},[61,81835,83],{"class":75},[61,81837,91],{"class":79},[61,81839,94],{"class":75},[61,81841,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850,81853,81855,81857],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,81843,100],{"class":67},[61,81845,72],{"class":71},[61,81847,79768],{"class":129},[61,81849,109],{"class":75},[61,81851,81852],{"class":112},"add",[61,81854,83],{"class":75},[61,81856,4023],{"class":112},[61,81858,116],{"class":75},[61,81860,81861],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,81862,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,81864,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,81866,130],{"class":129},[61,81868,109],{"class":75},[61,81870,7852],{"class":105},[61,81872,109],{"class":75},[61,81874,135],{"class":112},[61,81876,154],{"class":75},[14,81878,16412],{},[52,81880,81882],{"className":54,"code":81881,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81883,81884,81900,81910,81914,81934,81954,81976,81980],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81885,81886,81888,81890,81892,81894,81896,81898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81887,34606],{"class":186},[61,81889,81795],{"class":34609},[61,81891,109],{"class":75},[61,81893,235],{"class":37419},[61,81895,83],{"class":75},[61,81897,2318],{"class":37419},[61,81899,8099],{"class":75},[61,81901,81902,81904,81906,81908],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,81903,34617],{"class":3634},[61,81905,44302],{"class":67},[61,81907,1824],{"class":71},[61,81909,35939],{"class":67},[61,81911,81912],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,81913,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,81915,81916,81918,81920,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930,81932],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,81917,80404],{"class":67},[61,81919,72],{"class":71},[61,81921,76],{"class":75},[61,81923,80],{"class":79},[61,81925,83],{"class":75},[61,81927,86],{"class":79},[61,81929,83],{"class":75},[61,81931,91],{"class":79},[61,81933,94],{"class":75},[61,81935,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,81937,80425],{"class":67},[61,81939,72],{"class":71},[61,81941,76],{"class":75},[61,81943,430],{"class":79},[61,81945,83],{"class":75},[61,81947,435],{"class":79},[61,81949,83],{"class":75},[61,81951,440],{"class":79},[61,81953,94],{"class":75},[61,81955,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966,81968,81970,81972,81974],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,81957,100],{"class":67},[61,81959,72],{"class":71},[61,81961,79768],{"class":129},[61,81963,109],{"class":75},[61,81965,81852],{"class":112},[61,81967,83],{"class":75},[61,81969,80463],{"class":112},[61,81971,83],{"class":75},[61,81973,80468],{"class":112},[61,81975,116],{"class":75},[61,81977,81978],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,81979,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,81981,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,81983,130],{"class":129},[61,81985,109],{"class":75},[61,81987,7852],{"class":105},[61,81989,109],{"class":75},[61,81991,135],{"class":112},[61,81993,154],{"class":75},[408,81995,81997],{"id":81996},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,81999,16400],{},[52,82001,82002],{"className":54,"code":81004,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,82003,82004,82024,82042,82046,82060],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82005,82006,82008,82010,82012,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82007,68],{"class":67},[61,82009,72],{"class":71},[61,82011,76],{"class":75},[61,82013,80],{"class":79},[61,82015,83],{"class":75},[61,82017,86],{"class":79},[61,82019,83],{"class":75},[61,82021,91],{"class":79},[61,82023,94],{"class":75},[61,82025,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82027,100],{"class":67},[61,82029,72],{"class":71},[61,82031,79768],{"class":129},[61,82033,109],{"class":75},[61,82035,3199],{"class":105},[61,82037,83],{"class":75},[61,82039,4023],{"class":112},[61,82041,116],{"class":75},[61,82043,82044],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,82045,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,82047,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,82049,130],{"class":129},[61,82051,109],{"class":75},[61,82053,7852],{"class":105},[61,82055,109],{"class":75},[61,82057,135],{"class":112},[61,82059,154],{"class":75},[61,82061,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,82063,130],{"class":129},[61,82065,109],{"class":75},[61,82067,7852],{"class":105},[61,82069,109],{"class":75},[61,82071,135],{"class":112},[61,82073,154],{"class":75},[14,82075,82076],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82078,82079],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[47,82081,67641],{"id":67640},[14,82083,8634,82084,82086],{},[18,82085,39473],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[52,82088,82090],{"className":54,"code":82089,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,82091,82092,82102,82116,82130,82142],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82093,82094,82096,82098,82100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82095,130],{"class":129},[61,82097,109],{"class":75},[61,82099,135],{"class":112},[61,82101,116],{"class":75},[61,82103,82104,82106,82108,82110,82112,82114],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82105,130],{"class":129},[61,82107,109],{"class":75},[61,82109,7852],{"class":105},[61,82111,109],{"class":75},[61,82113,135],{"class":112},[61,82115,154],{"class":75},[61,82117,82118,82120,82122,82124,82126,82128],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,82119,130],{"class":129},[61,82121,109],{"class":75},[61,82123,147],{"class":105},[61,82125,109],{"class":75},[61,82127,135],{"class":112},[61,82129,154],{"class":75},[61,82131,82132,82134,82136,82138,82140],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,82133,5717],{"class":3634},[61,82135,5720],{"class":67},[61,82137,3641],{"class":3634},[61,82139,80963],{"class":67},[61,82141,6152],{"class":75},[61,82143,82144,82146,82148,82150],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,82145,7827],{"class":129},[61,82147,109],{"class":75},[61,82149,23068],{"class":112},[61,82151,116],{"class":75},[14,82153,12427],{},[26,82155,82156,82161,82166,82172],{},[29,82157,82158,82160],{},[18,82159,32782],{}," shows that you have a map object",[29,82162,82163,82165],{},[18,82164,32790],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[29,82167,82168,82171],{},[18,82169,82170],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[29,82173,82174,82175,82177],{},"looping over ",[18,82176,135],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82179,82180,82181,82184,82185,82187],{},"Be careful: ",[18,82182,82183],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[18,82186,5717],{}," loop consume the map object.",[47,82189,1620],{"id":1619},[408,82191,12459,82193,82195],{"id":82192},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[18,82194,39473],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82197,82198,82199,82201,82202,23696],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[18,82200,39473],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[18,82203,82204],{},"list(map(...))",[408,82206,14658,82208,82210,82211,82213],{"id":82207},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[18,82209,39473],{}," better than a ",[18,82212,5717],{}," loop?",[14,82215,82216,82217,82219,82220,82222],{},"Not always. ",[18,82218,39473],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[18,82221,5717],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[408,82224,4933,82226,82228],{"id":82225},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[18,82227,39473],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82230,82231],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[408,82233,82235],{"id":82234},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82237,82238],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[47,82240,1664],{"id":1663},[26,82242,82243,82249,82255,82259,82263],{},[29,82244,82245],{},[235,82246,3332,82247,3265],{"href":39842},[18,82248,37332],{},[29,82250,82251],{},[235,82252,3332,82253,3265],{"href":64593},[18,82254,24538],{},[29,82256,82257],{},[235,82258,4985],{"href":4894},[29,82260,82261],{},[235,82262,4990],{"href":4152},[29,82264,82265],{},[235,82266,4980],{"href":4898},[1693,82268,82269],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":82271},[82272,82273,82275,82276,82277,82279,82284,82291,82293,82300,82301,82310],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":79847,"depth":97,"text":82274},"What map() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":80166,"depth":97,"text":82278},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80350,"depth":97,"text":82280,"children":82281},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82282],{"id":80538,"depth":119,"text":82283},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80695,"depth":97,"text":82285,"children":82286},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82287,82289,82290],{"id":80713,"depth":119,"text":82288},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80904,"depth":119,"text":80905},{"id":80997,"depth":119,"text":80998},{"id":81258,"depth":97,"text":82292},"When to use map()",{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":82294},[82295,82297,82298,82299],{"id":81567,"depth":119,"text":82296},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81656,"depth":119,"text":81657},{"id":81777,"depth":119,"text":81778},{"id":81996,"depth":119,"text":81997},{"id":67640,"depth":97,"text":67641},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":82302},[82303,82305,82307,82309],{"id":82192,"depth":119,"text":82304},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82207,"depth":119,"text":82306},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82225,"depth":119,"text":82308},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82234,"depth":119,"text":82235},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79679,"description":82311},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82318,"title":82319,"body":82320,"description":84339,"extension":1727,"meta":84340,"navigation":122,"path":84341,"seo":84342,"stem":84343,"__hash__":84344},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82321,"toc":84297},[82322,82328,82333,82335,82343,82346,82348,82472,82474,82492,82494,82514,82519,82523,82537,82540,82543,82545,82550,82662,82665,82683,82689,82692,82754,82756,82765,82768,82782,82784,82832,82834,82843,82853,82859,82862,82889,82891,82899,82902,82905,82975,82977,82985,82988,82993,82998,83049,83051,83059,83062,83064,83081,83083,83135,83138,83144,83148,83153,83156,83160,83219,83221,83230,83236,83245,83249,83312,83314,83322,83327,83331,83336,83416,83418,83427,83434,83439,83444,83447,83482,83484,83492,83495,83501,83503,83553,83555,83564,83567,83585,83587,83592,83598,83605,83632,83634,83657,83662,83697,83702,83708,83713,83756,83759,83762,83801,83808,83814,83819,83834,83838,83845,83848,83852,83857,83861,83866,83868,83929,83931,83960,83965,83972,83981,83983,83986,84011,84013,84116,84119,84137,84146,84148,84153,84156,84162,84165,84167,84177,84183,84187,84245,84252,84260,84262,84294],[10,82323,3332,82325,3336],{"id":82324},"python-max-function-explained",[18,82326,82327],{},"max()",[14,82329,16,82330,82332],{},[18,82331,82327],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82334,24],{},[26,82336,82337,82340],{},[29,82338,82339],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[29,82341,82342],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82344,82345],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[47,82347,50],{"id":49},[52,82349,82351],{"className":54,"code":82350,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82352,82353,82377,82392,82396,82422,82426,82458],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82354,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369,82371,82373,82375],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82356,68],{"class":67},[61,82358,72],{"class":71},[61,82360,76],{"class":75},[61,82362,1827],{"class":79},[61,82364,83],{"class":75},[61,82366,6118],{"class":79},[61,82368,83],{"class":75},[61,82370,86],{"class":79},[61,82372,83],{"class":75},[61,82374,4367],{"class":79},[61,82376,94],{"class":75},[61,82378,82379,82381,82383,82386,82388,82390],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82380,130],{"class":129},[61,82382,109],{"class":75},[61,82384,82385],{"class":129},"max",[61,82387,109],{"class":75},[61,82389,113],{"class":112},[61,82391,154],{"class":75},[61,82393,82394],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,82395,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,82397,82398,82400,82402,82404,82406,82408,82410,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,82399,130],{"class":129},[61,82401,109],{"class":75},[61,82403,82385],{"class":129},[61,82405,109],{"class":75},[61,82407,1827],{"class":79},[61,82409,83],{"class":75},[61,82411,6118],{"class":79},[61,82413,83],{"class":75},[61,82415,86],{"class":79},[61,82417,83],{"class":75},[61,82419,4367],{"class":79},[61,82421,154],{"class":75},[61,82423,82424],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,82425,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,82427,82428,82430,82432,82434,82436,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448,82450,82452,82454,82456],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,82429,3829],{"class":67},[61,82431,72],{"class":71},[61,82433,76],{"class":75},[61,82435,816],{"class":190},[61,82437,3838],{"class":194},[61,82439,816],{"class":190},[61,82441,83],{"class":75},[61,82443,522],{"class":190},[61,82445,3847],{"class":194},[61,82447,816],{"class":190},[61,82449,83],{"class":75},[61,82451,522],{"class":190},[61,82453,78490],{"class":194},[61,82455,816],{"class":190},[61,82457,94],{"class":75},[61,82459,82460,82462,82464,82466,82468,82470],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,82461,130],{"class":129},[61,82463,109],{"class":75},[61,82465,82385],{"class":129},[61,82467,109],{"class":75},[61,82469,3873],{"class":112},[61,82471,154],{"class":75},[14,82473,157],{},[52,82475,82477],{"className":54,"code":82476,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8\n8\npear\n",[18,82478,82479,82483,82487],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82480,82481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82482,2142],{"class":79},[61,82484,82485],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82486,2142],{"class":79},[61,82488,82489],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,82490,82491],{"class":67},"pear\n",[14,82493,19713],{},[26,82495,82496,82502,82508],{},[29,82497,82498,82501],{},[18,82499,82500],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[29,82503,82504,82507],{},[18,82505,82506],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[29,82509,82510,82513],{},[18,82511,82512],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[47,82515,3435,82517,3438],{"id":82516},"what-max-does",[18,82518,82327],{},[14,82520,82521,824],{},[18,82522,82327],{},[26,82524,82525,82528,82531,82534],{},[29,82526,82527],{},"Returns the largest item",[29,82529,82530],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[29,82532,82533],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[29,82535,82536],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82538,82539],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82541,82542],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[47,82544,248],{"id":247},[14,82546,82547,82548,824],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[18,82549,82327],{},[52,82551,82553],{"className":54,"code":82552,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[18,82554,82555,82565,82589,82611,82634],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82556,82557,82559,82561,82563],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82558,82385],{"class":129},[61,82560,109],{"class":75},[61,82562,272],{"class":112},[61,82564,116],{"class":75},[61,82566,82567,82569,82571,82573,82575,82578,82580,82582,82584,82587],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82568,82385],{"class":129},[61,82570,109],{"class":75},[61,82572,272],{"class":112},[61,82574,83],{"class":75},[61,82576,82577],{"class":71}," *",[61,82579,83],{"class":75},[61,82581,21336],{"class":8933},[61,82583,72],{"class":71},[61,82585,82586],{"class":112},"func",[61,82588,116],{"class":75},[61,82590,82591,82593,82595,82597,82599,82601,82603,82605,82607,82609],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,82592,82385],{"class":129},[61,82594,109],{"class":75},[61,82596,272],{"class":112},[61,82598,83],{"class":75},[61,82600,82577],{"class":71},[61,82602,83],{"class":75},[61,82604,26279],{"class":8933},[61,82606,72],{"class":71},[61,82608,1605],{"class":112},[61,82610,116],{"class":75},[61,82612,82613,82615,82617,82620,82622,82625,82627,82629,82632],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,82614,82385],{"class":129},[61,82616,109],{"class":75},[61,82618,82619],{"class":112},"arg1",[61,82621,83],{"class":75},[61,82623,82624],{"class":112}," arg2",[61,82626,83],{"class":75},[61,82628,82577],{"class":71},[61,82630,82631],{"class":112},"args",[61,82633,116],{"class":75},[61,82635,82636,82638,82640,82642,82644,82646,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82658,82660],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,82637,82385],{"class":129},[61,82639,109],{"class":75},[61,82641,82619],{"class":112},[61,82643,83],{"class":75},[61,82645,82624],{"class":112},[61,82647,83],{"class":75},[61,82649,82577],{"class":71},[61,82651,82631],{"class":112},[61,82653,83],{"class":75},[61,82655,21336],{"class":8933},[61,82657,72],{"class":71},[61,82659,82586],{"class":112},[61,82661,116],{"class":75},[14,82663,82664],{},"The most important parts are:",[26,82666,82667,82672,82677],{},[29,82668,82669,82671],{},[18,82670,272],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[29,82673,82674,82676],{},[18,82675,14596],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[29,82678,82679,82682],{},[18,82680,82681],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[47,82684,8175,82686,82688],{"id":82685},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[18,82687,82327],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82690,82691],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[52,82693,82695],{"className":54,"code":82694,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[18,82696,82697,82723,82739,82743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82698,82699,82701,82703,82705,82708,82710,82712,82714,82716,82718,82721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82700,4826],{"class":67},[61,82702,72],{"class":71},[61,82704,76],{"class":75},[61,82706,82707],{"class":79},"72",[61,82709,83],{"class":75},[61,82711,51268],{"class":79},[61,82713,83],{"class":75},[61,82715,13262],{"class":79},[61,82717,83],{"class":75},[61,82719,82720],{"class":79}," 66",[61,82722,94],{"class":75},[61,82724,82725,82728,82730,82733,82735,82737],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82726,82727],{"class":67},"highest_score ",[61,82729,72],{"class":71},[61,82731,82732],{"class":129}," max",[61,82734,109],{"class":75},[61,82736,16145],{"class":112},[61,82738,116],{"class":75},[61,82740,82741],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,82742,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,82744,82745,82747,82749,82752],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,82746,130],{"class":129},[61,82748,109],{"class":75},[61,82750,82751],{"class":112},"highest_score",[61,82753,116],{"class":75},[14,82755,157],{},[52,82757,82759],{"className":54,"code":82758,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"91\n",[18,82760,82761],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82762,82763],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82764,82758],{"class":79},[14,82766,82767],{},"This works well for:",[26,82769,82770,82773,82776,82779],{},[29,82771,82772],{},"Scores",[29,82774,82775],{},"Prices",[29,82777,82778],{},"Ages",[29,82780,82781],{},"Counts",[14,82783,51838],{},[52,82785,82787],{"className":54,"code":82786,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[18,82788,82789,82817],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82790,82791,82794,82796,82798,82800,82802,82805,82807,82810,82812,82815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82792,82793],{"class":67},"prices ",[61,82795,72],{"class":71},[61,82797,76],{"class":75},[61,82799,40155],{"class":79},[61,82801,83],{"class":75},[61,82803,82804],{"class":79}," 5.50",[61,82806,83],{"class":75},[61,82808,82809],{"class":79}," 12.75",[61,82811,83],{"class":75},[61,82813,82814],{"class":79}," 29.00",[61,82816,94],{"class":75},[61,82818,82819,82821,82823,82825,82827,82830],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82820,130],{"class":129},[61,82822,109],{"class":75},[61,82824,82385],{"class":129},[61,82826,109],{"class":75},[61,82828,82829],{"class":112},"prices",[61,82831,154],{"class":75},[14,82833,157],{},[52,82835,82837],{"className":54,"code":82836,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"29.0\n",[18,82838,82839],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82840,82841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82842,82836],{"class":79},[14,82844,82845,82846,82848,82849,244],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[18,82847,82327],{}," is simpler than ",[235,82850,82851],{"href":74267},[18,82852,74170],{},[47,82854,8175,82856,82858],{"id":82855},"using-max-with-separate-values",[18,82857,82327],{}," with separate values",[14,82860,82861],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[52,82863,82865],{"className":54,"code":82864,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[18,82866,82867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82868,82869,82871,82873,82875,82877,82879,82881,82883,82885,82887],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82870,130],{"class":129},[61,82872,109],{"class":75},[61,82874,82385],{"class":129},[61,82876,109],{"class":75},[61,82878,1129],{"class":79},[61,82880,83],{"class":75},[61,82882,30698],{"class":79},[61,82884,83],{"class":75},[61,82886,1134],{"class":79},[61,82888,154],{"class":75},[14,82890,157],{},[52,82892,82893],{"className":54,"code":1987,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,82894,82895],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82896,82897],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82898,1987],{"class":79},[14,82900,82901],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,82903,82904],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[52,82906,82908],{"className":54,"code":82907,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[18,82909,82910,82919,82927,82937,82941,82964],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82911,82912,82914,82916],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82913,2313],{"class":67},[61,82915,72],{"class":71},[61,82917,82918],{"class":79}," 15\n",[61,82920,82921,82923,82925],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,82922,2341],{"class":67},[61,82924,72],{"class":71},[61,82926,2528],{"class":79},[61,82928,82929,82932,82934],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,82930,82931],{"class":67},"c ",[61,82933,72],{"class":71},[61,82935,82936],{"class":79}," 27\n",[61,82938,82939],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,82940,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,82942,82943,82946,82948,82950,82952,82954,82956,82958,82960,82962],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,82944,82945],{"class":67},"largest ",[61,82947,72],{"class":71},[61,82949,82732],{"class":129},[61,82951,109],{"class":75},[61,82953,235],{"class":112},[61,82955,83],{"class":75},[61,82957,2318],{"class":112},[61,82959,83],{"class":75},[61,82961,9434],{"class":112},[61,82963,116],{"class":75},[61,82965,82966,82968,82970,82973],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,82967,130],{"class":129},[61,82969,109],{"class":75},[61,82971,82972],{"class":112},"largest",[61,82974,116],{"class":75},[14,82976,157],{},[52,82978,82979],{"className":54,"code":46370,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,82980,82981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82982,82983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82984,46370],{"class":79},[14,82986,82987],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[47,82989,8175,82991,46817],{"id":82990},"using-max-with-strings",[18,82992,82327],{},[14,82994,82995,82997],{},[18,82996,82327],{}," can compare strings too.",[52,82999,83001],{"className":54,"code":83000,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83002,83003,83035],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83004,83005,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017,83019,83021,83023,83025,83027,83029,83031,83033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83006,3829],{"class":67},[61,83008,72],{"class":71},[61,83010,76],{"class":75},[61,83012,816],{"class":190},[61,83014,3838],{"class":194},[61,83016,816],{"class":190},[61,83018,83],{"class":75},[61,83020,522],{"class":190},[61,83022,3847],{"class":194},[61,83024,816],{"class":190},[61,83026,83],{"class":75},[61,83028,522],{"class":190},[61,83030,78490],{"class":194},[61,83032,816],{"class":190},[61,83034,94],{"class":75},[61,83036,83037,83039,83041,83043,83045,83047],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83038,130],{"class":129},[61,83040,109],{"class":75},[61,83042,82385],{"class":129},[61,83044,109],{"class":75},[61,83046,3873],{"class":112},[61,83048,154],{"class":75},[14,83050,157],{},[52,83052,83053],{"className":54,"code":82491,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,83054,83055],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83056,83057],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83058,82491],{"class":67},[14,83060,83061],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83063,68029],{},[26,83065,83066,83075,83078],{},[29,83067,83068,83071,83072,83074],{},[18,83069,83070],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[18,83073,65020],{}," alphabetically",[29,83076,83077],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[29,83079,83080],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83082,1109],{},[52,83084,83086],{"className":54,"code":83085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83087,83088,83121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83089,83090,83092,83094,83096,83098,83100,83102,83104,83106,83109,83111,83113,83115,83117,83119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83091,3829],{"class":67},[61,83093,72],{"class":71},[61,83095,76],{"class":75},[61,83097,816],{"class":190},[61,83099,3838],{"class":194},[61,83101,816],{"class":190},[61,83103,83],{"class":75},[61,83105,522],{"class":190},[61,83107,83108],{"class":194},"Banana",[61,83110,816],{"class":190},[61,83112,83],{"class":75},[61,83114,522],{"class":190},[61,83116,78490],{"class":194},[61,83118,816],{"class":190},[61,83120,94],{"class":75},[61,83122,83123,83125,83127,83129,83131,83133],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83124,130],{"class":129},[61,83126,109],{"class":75},[61,83128,82385],{"class":129},[61,83130,109],{"class":75},[61,83132,3873],{"class":112},[61,83134,154],{"class":75},[14,83136,83137],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83139,83140,83141,83143],{},"You can fix that with the ",[18,83142,14596],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[47,83145,36369,83146,36372],{"id":78448},[18,83147,14596],{},[14,83149,1744,83150,83152],{},[18,83151,14596],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83154,83155],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[408,83157,83159],{"id":83158},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[52,83161,83163],{"className":54,"code":83162,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[18,83164,83165,83197],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83166,83167,83169,83171,83173,83175,83177,83179,83181,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83168,3829],{"class":67},[61,83170,72],{"class":71},[61,83172,76],{"class":75},[61,83174,816],{"class":190},[61,83176,525],{"class":194},[61,83178,816],{"class":190},[61,83180,83],{"class":75},[61,83182,522],{"class":190},[61,83184,68072],{"class":194},[61,83186,816],{"class":190},[61,83188,83],{"class":75},[61,83190,522],{"class":190},[61,83192,57886],{"class":194},[61,83194,816],{"class":190},[61,83196,94],{"class":75},[61,83198,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83200,130],{"class":129},[61,83202,109],{"class":75},[61,83204,82385],{"class":129},[61,83206,109],{"class":75},[61,83208,3873],{"class":112},[61,83210,83],{"class":75},[61,83212,21336],{"class":8933},[61,83214,72],{"class":71},[61,83216,10914],{"class":129},[61,83218,154],{"class":75},[14,83220,157],{},[52,83222,83224],{"className":54,"code":83223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"elephant\n",[18,83225,83226],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83227,83228],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83229,83223],{"class":67},[14,83231,20527,83232,83235],{},[18,83233,83234],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83237,83238,83239,33384,83241,244],{},"If you are new to ",[18,83240,42118],{},[235,83242,83243,5542],{"href":42115},[18,83244,42118],{},[408,83246,83248],{"id":83247},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[52,83250,83252],{"className":54,"code":83251,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,83253,83254,83286],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83255,83256,83258,83260,83262,83264,83266,83268,83270,83272,83274,83276,83278,83280,83282,83284],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83257,3829],{"class":67},[61,83259,72],{"class":71},[61,83261,76],{"class":75},[61,83263,816],{"class":190},[61,83265,3838],{"class":194},[61,83267,816],{"class":190},[61,83269,83],{"class":75},[61,83271,522],{"class":190},[61,83273,83108],{"class":194},[61,83275,816],{"class":190},[61,83277,83],{"class":75},[61,83279,522],{"class":190},[61,83281,78490],{"class":194},[61,83283,816],{"class":190},[61,83285,94],{"class":75},[61,83287,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83298,83300,83302,83304,83306,83308,83310],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83289,130],{"class":129},[61,83291,109],{"class":75},[61,83293,82385],{"class":129},[61,83295,109],{"class":75},[61,83297,3873],{"class":112},[61,83299,83],{"class":75},[61,83301,21336],{"class":8933},[61,83303,72],{"class":71},[61,83305,3199],{"class":105},[61,83307,244],{"class":75},[61,83309,8399],{"class":24507},[61,83311,154],{"class":75},[14,83313,157],{},[52,83315,83316],{"className":54,"code":82491,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,83317,83318],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83319,83320],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83321,82491],{"class":67},[14,83323,20527,83324,83326],{},[18,83325,78444],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[408,83328,83330],{"id":83329},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83332,83333,83334,824],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[18,83335,37416],{},[52,83337,83339],{"className":54,"code":83338,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[18,83340,83341,83384],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83342,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355,83357,83359,83362,83364,83366,83368,83371,83373,83375,83377,83380,83382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83344,7539],{"class":67},[61,83346,72],{"class":71},[61,83348,76],{"class":75},[61,83350,816],{"class":190},[61,83352,235],{"class":194},[61,83354,816],{"class":190},[61,83356,83],{"class":75},[61,83358,522],{"class":190},[61,83360,83361],{"class":194},"bb",[61,83363,816],{"class":190},[61,83365,83],{"class":75},[61,83367,522],{"class":190},[61,83369,83370],{"class":194},"cccc",[61,83372,816],{"class":190},[61,83374,83],{"class":75},[61,83376,522],{"class":190},[61,83378,83379],{"class":194},"ddd",[61,83381,816],{"class":190},[61,83383,94],{"class":75},[61,83385,83386,83388,83390,83392,83394,83396,83398,83400,83402,83404,83406,83408,83410,83412,83414],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83387,130],{"class":129},[61,83389,109],{"class":75},[61,83391,82385],{"class":129},[61,83393,109],{"class":75},[61,83395,993],{"class":112},[61,83397,83],{"class":75},[61,83399,21336],{"class":8933},[61,83401,72],{"class":71},[61,83403,37416],{"class":186},[61,83405,42599],{"class":37419},[61,83407,824],{"class":75},[61,83409,38142],{"class":129},[61,83411,109],{"class":75},[61,83413,541],{"class":112},[61,83415,2672],{"class":75},[14,83417,157],{},[52,83419,83421],{"className":54,"code":83420,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cccc\n",[18,83422,83423],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83424,83425],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83426,83420],{"class":67},[14,83428,49307,83429,4154,83431,83433],{},[18,83430,83234],{},[18,83432,78331],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[47,83435,36369,83437,36372],{"id":83436},"using-the-default-argument",[18,83438,82681],{},[14,83440,1744,83441,83443],{},[18,83442,82681],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83445,83446],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[52,83448,83450],{"className":54,"code":83449,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,83451,83452,83460],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83453,83454,83456,83458],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83455,68],{"class":67},[61,83457,72],{"class":71},[61,83459,7596],{"class":75},[61,83461,83462,83464,83466,83468,83470,83472,83474,83476,83478,83480],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83463,130],{"class":129},[61,83465,109],{"class":75},[61,83467,82385],{"class":129},[61,83469,109],{"class":75},[61,83471,113],{"class":112},[61,83473,83],{"class":75},[61,83475,26279],{"class":8933},[61,83477,72],{"class":71},[61,83479,675],{"class":79},[61,83481,154],{"class":75},[14,83483,157],{},[52,83485,83486],{"className":54,"code":47010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,83487,83488],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83489,83490],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83491,47010],{"class":79},[14,83493,83494],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83496,83497,83498,83500],{},"Without ",[18,83499,82681],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83502,51838],{},[52,83504,83506],{"className":54,"code":83505,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,83507,83508,83516,83543],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83509,83510,83512,83514],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83511,3829],{"class":67},[61,83513,72],{"class":71},[61,83515,7596],{"class":75},[61,83517,83518,83520,83522,83524,83526,83528,83530,83532,83534,83536,83539,83541],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83519,100],{"class":67},[61,83521,72],{"class":71},[61,83523,82732],{"class":129},[61,83525,109],{"class":75},[61,83527,3873],{"class":112},[61,83529,83],{"class":75},[61,83531,26279],{"class":8933},[61,83533,72],{"class":71},[61,83535,816],{"class":190},[61,83537,83538],{"class":194},"no words found",[61,83540,816],{"class":190},[61,83542,116],{"class":75},[61,83544,83545,83547,83549,83551],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,83546,130],{"class":129},[61,83548,109],{"class":75},[61,83550,135],{"class":112},[61,83552,116],{"class":75},[14,83554,157],{},[52,83556,83558],{"className":54,"code":83557,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"no words found\n",[18,83559,83560],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83561,83562],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83563,83557],{"class":67},[14,83565,83566],{},"Important:",[26,83568,83569,83577],{},[29,83570,83571,83573,83574],{},[18,83572,82681],{}," works with ",[18,83575,83576],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[29,83578,1386,83579,83581,83582],{},[603,83580,605],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[18,83583,83584],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[47,83586,47745],{"id":47744},[14,83588,83589,83590,244],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[18,83591,82327],{},[408,83593,83595,83597],{"id":83594},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[18,83596,40461],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83599,83600,83601,45666,83603,244],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[18,83602,82681],{},[18,83604,40461],{},[52,83606,83608],{"className":54,"code":83607,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[18,83609,83610,83618],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83611,83612,83614,83616],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83613,68],{"class":67},[61,83615,72],{"class":71},[61,83617,7596],{"class":75},[61,83619,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83621,130],{"class":129},[61,83623,109],{"class":75},[61,83625,82385],{"class":129},[61,83627,109],{"class":75},[61,83629,113],{"class":112},[61,83631,154],{"class":75},[14,83633,1262],{},[52,83635,83637],{"className":54,"code":83636,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,83638,83639],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83640,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83652,83654],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83642,40461],{"class":105},[61,83644,824],{"class":75},[61,83646,82732],{"class":129},[61,83648,1637],{"class":75},[61,83650,83651],{"class":67}," arg ",[61,83653,11948],{"class":71},[61,83655,83656],{"class":67}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83658,83659,83660,824],{},"Fix it by using ",[18,83661,82681],{},[52,83663,83665],{"className":54,"code":83664,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,83666,83667,83675],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83668,83669,83671,83673],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83670,68],{"class":67},[61,83672,72],{"class":71},[61,83674,7596],{"class":75},[61,83676,83677,83679,83681,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691,83693,83695],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83678,130],{"class":129},[61,83680,109],{"class":75},[61,83682,82385],{"class":129},[61,83684,109],{"class":75},[61,83686,113],{"class":112},[61,83688,83],{"class":75},[61,83690,26279],{"class":8933},[61,83692,72],{"class":71},[61,83694,3536],{"class":3609},[61,83696,154],{"class":75},[14,83698,83699,83700,244],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[235,83701,65585],{"href":72624},[408,83703,83705,83707],{"id":83704},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[18,83706,1272],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83709,83710,83711,244],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[18,83712,1272],{},[52,83714,83716],{"className":54,"code":83715,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,83717,83718,83742],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83719,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83721,7539],{"class":67},[61,83723,72],{"class":71},[61,83725,76],{"class":75},[61,83727,430],{"class":79},[61,83729,83],{"class":75},[61,83731,522],{"class":190},[61,83733,15510],{"class":194},[61,83735,816],{"class":190},[61,83737,83],{"class":75},[61,83739,440],{"class":79},[61,83741,94],{"class":75},[61,83743,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83745,130],{"class":129},[61,83747,109],{"class":75},[61,83749,82385],{"class":129},[61,83751,109],{"class":75},[61,83753,993],{"class":112},[61,83755,154],{"class":75},[14,83757,83758],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83760,83761],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[52,83763,83765],{"className":54,"code":83764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,83766,83767,83787],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83768,83769,83771,83773,83775,83777,83779,83781,83783,83785],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83770,7539],{"class":67},[61,83772,72],{"class":71},[61,83774,76],{"class":75},[61,83776,430],{"class":79},[61,83778,83],{"class":75},[61,83780,435],{"class":79},[61,83782,83],{"class":75},[61,83784,440],{"class":79},[61,83786,94],{"class":75},[61,83788,83789,83791,83793,83795,83797,83799],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83790,130],{"class":129},[61,83792,109],{"class":75},[61,83794,82385],{"class":129},[61,83796,109],{"class":75},[61,83798,993],{"class":112},[61,83800,154],{"class":75},[14,83802,83803,83804,244],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[235,83805,83807],{"href":83806},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[408,83809,83811,83813],{"id":83810},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[18,83812,1272],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,83815,83816,83818],{},[18,83817,82327],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[52,83820,83822],{"className":54,"code":83821,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(max())\n",[18,83823,83824],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83825,83826,83828,83830,83832],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83827,130],{"class":129},[61,83829,109],{"class":75},[61,83831,82385],{"class":129},[61,83833,6955],{"class":75},[14,83835,2761,83836,244],{},[18,83837,1272],{},[47,83839,83841,10337,83843],{"id":83840},"max-vs-sorted",[18,83842,82327],{},[18,83844,74170],{},[14,83846,83847],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,83849,83850,824],{},[18,83851,82327],{},[26,83853,83854],{},[29,83855,83856],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,83858,83859,824],{},[18,83860,74170],{},[26,83862,83863],{},[29,83864,83865],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,83867,1109],{},[52,83869,83871],{"className":54,"code":83870,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,83872,83873,83897,83901,83915],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83874,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83876,68],{"class":67},[61,83878,72],{"class":71},[61,83880,76],{"class":75},[61,83882,1827],{"class":79},[61,83884,83],{"class":75},[61,83886,6118],{"class":79},[61,83888,83],{"class":75},[61,83890,86],{"class":79},[61,83892,83],{"class":75},[61,83894,4367],{"class":79},[61,83896,94],{"class":75},[61,83898,83899],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83900,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,83902,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911,83913],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,83904,130],{"class":129},[61,83906,109],{"class":75},[61,83908,82385],{"class":129},[61,83910,109],{"class":75},[61,83912,113],{"class":112},[61,83914,154],{"class":75},[61,83916,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925,83927],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,83918,130],{"class":129},[61,83920,109],{"class":75},[61,83922,74260],{"class":129},[61,83924,109],{"class":75},[61,83926,113],{"class":112},[61,83928,154],{"class":75},[14,83930,157],{},[52,83932,83934],{"className":54,"code":83933,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[18,83935,83936,83940],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83937,83938],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83939,2142],{"class":79},[61,83941,83942,83944,83946,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956,83958],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,83943,3658],{"class":75},[61,83945,1821],{"class":79},[61,83947,83],{"class":75},[61,83949,91],{"class":79},[61,83951,83],{"class":75},[61,83953,4367],{"class":79},[61,83955,83],{"class":75},[61,83957,6118],{"class":79},[61,83959,94],{"class":75},[14,83961,204,83962,83964],{},[18,83963,82327],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,83966,204,83967,83971],{},[235,83968,83969],{"href":74267},[18,83970,74170],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,83973,83974,83975,244],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[235,83976,83978],{"href":83977},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[18,83979,83980],{},"min()",[47,83982,2590],{"id":2589},[14,83984,83985],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[26,83987,83988,83995,83998,84003,84006],{},[29,83989,312,83990,83992,83993],{},[18,83991,82327],{}," on an empty list without ",[18,83994,82681],{},[29,83996,83997],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[29,83999,8211,84000,84002],{},[18,84001,82327],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[29,84004,84005],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[29,84007,8175,84008,84010],{},[18,84009,82681],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84012,10865],{},[52,84014,84016],{"className":54,"code":84015,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[18,84017,84018,84028,84042,84056,84070,84092],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84019,84020,84022,84024,84026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84021,130],{"class":129},[61,84023,109],{"class":75},[61,84025,993],{"class":112},[61,84027,116],{"class":75},[61,84029,84030,84032,84034,84036,84038,84040],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84031,130],{"class":129},[61,84033,109],{"class":75},[61,84035,147],{"class":105},[61,84037,109],{"class":75},[61,84039,993],{"class":112},[61,84041,154],{"class":75},[61,84043,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,84045,130],{"class":129},[61,84047,109],{"class":75},[61,84049,10914],{"class":129},[61,84051,109],{"class":75},[61,84053,993],{"class":112},[61,84055,154],{"class":75},[61,84057,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,84059,130],{"class":129},[61,84061,109],{"class":75},[61,84063,82385],{"class":129},[61,84065,109],{"class":75},[61,84067,993],{"class":112},[61,84069,154],{"class":75},[61,84071,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,84073,130],{"class":129},[61,84075,109],{"class":75},[61,84077,82385],{"class":129},[61,84079,109],{"class":75},[61,84081,993],{"class":112},[61,84083,83],{"class":75},[61,84085,26279],{"class":8933},[61,84087,72],{"class":71},[61,84089,3536],{"class":3609},[61,84091,154],{"class":75},[61,84093,84094,84096,84098,84100,84102,84104,84106,84108,84110,84112,84114],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,84095,130],{"class":129},[61,84097,1126],{"class":75},[61,84099,147],{"class":105},[61,84101,109],{"class":75},[61,84103,1936],{"class":112},[61,84105,3417],{"class":75},[61,84107,3635],{"class":3634},[61,84109,3638],{"class":112},[61,84111,3641],{"class":3634},[61,84113,5725],{"class":112},[61,84115,1137],{"class":75},[14,84117,84118],{},"These are useful for checking:",[26,84120,84121,84126,84131,84134],{},[29,84122,84123,84124],{},"What is actually inside ",[18,84125,993],{},[29,84127,79497,84128,84130],{},[18,84129,993],{}," is a list or some other type",[29,84132,84133],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[29,84135,84136],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84138,69093,84139,84142,84143,84145],{},[18,84140,84141],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[18,84144,993],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[47,84147,1620],{"id":1619},[408,84149,4905,84151,4908],{"id":84150},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[18,84152,82327],{},[14,84154,84155],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[408,84157,4933,84159,84161],{"id":84158},"can-max-work-with-strings",[18,84160,82327],{}," work with strings?",[14,84163,84164],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[408,84166,71392],{"id":71391},[14,84168,84169,52253,84171,84173,84174,84176],{},[18,84170,82327],{},[18,84172,40461],{}," unless you use the ",[18,84175,82681],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[408,84178,84180,84181,2251],{"id":84179},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[18,84182,82327],{},[14,84184,204,84185,824],{},[18,84186,83234],{},[52,84188,84189],{"className":54,"code":83162,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,84190,84191,84223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84192,84193,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219,84221],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84194,3829],{"class":67},[61,84196,72],{"class":71},[61,84198,76],{"class":75},[61,84200,816],{"class":190},[61,84202,525],{"class":194},[61,84204,816],{"class":190},[61,84206,83],{"class":75},[61,84208,522],{"class":190},[61,84210,68072],{"class":194},[61,84212,816],{"class":190},[61,84214,83],{"class":75},[61,84216,522],{"class":190},[61,84218,57886],{"class":194},[61,84220,816],{"class":190},[61,84222,94],{"class":75},[61,84224,84225,84227,84229,84231,84233,84235,84237,84239,84241,84243],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84226,130],{"class":129},[61,84228,109],{"class":75},[61,84230,82385],{"class":129},[61,84232,109],{"class":75},[61,84234,3873],{"class":112},[61,84236,83],{"class":75},[61,84238,21336],{"class":8933},[61,84240,72],{"class":71},[61,84242,10914],{"class":129},[61,84244,154],{"class":75},[408,84246,4943,84248,4154,84250,2251],{"id":84247},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[18,84249,82327],{},[18,84251,74170],{},[14,84253,84254,84256,84257,84259],{},[18,84255,82327],{}," returns one largest item. ",[18,84258,74170],{}," returns all items in order.",[47,84261,1664],{"id":1663},[26,84263,84264,84270,84276,84282,84286,84290],{},[29,84265,84266],{},[235,84267,84268,3265],{"href":83977},[18,84269,83980],{},[29,84271,84272],{},[235,84273,84274,3265],{"href":74267},[18,84275,74170],{},[29,84277,84278],{},[235,84279,84280,3265],{"href":42115},[18,84281,42118],{},[29,84283,84284],{},[235,84285,58715],{"href":58714},[29,84287,84288],{},[235,84289,65585],{"href":72624},[29,84291,84292],{},[235,84293,83807],{"href":83806},[1693,84295,84296],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":84298},[84299,84300,84302,84303,84305,84307,84309,84314,84316,84324,84326,84327,84338],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":82516,"depth":97,"text":84301},"What max() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":82685,"depth":97,"text":84304},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82855,"depth":97,"text":84306},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82990,"depth":97,"text":84308},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78448,"depth":97,"text":79646,"children":84310},[84311,84312,84313],{"id":83158,"depth":119,"text":83159},{"id":83247,"depth":119,"text":83248},{"id":83329,"depth":119,"text":83330},{"id":83436,"depth":97,"text":84315},"Using the default argument",{"id":47744,"depth":97,"text":47745,"children":84317},[84318,84320,84322],{"id":83594,"depth":119,"text":84319},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83704,"depth":119,"text":84321},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83810,"depth":119,"text":84323},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83840,"depth":97,"text":84325},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":84328},[84329,84331,84333,84334,84336],{"id":84150,"depth":119,"text":84330},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84158,"depth":119,"text":84332},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71391,"depth":119,"text":71392},{"id":84179,"depth":119,"text":84335},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84247,"depth":119,"text":84337},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82319,"description":84339},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84346,"title":84347,"body":84348,"description":86302,"extension":1727,"meta":86303,"navigation":122,"path":86304,"seo":86305,"stem":86306,"__hash__":86307},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84349,"toc":86259},[84350,84355,84360,84366,84368,84442,84444,84457,84462,84467,84483,84487,84492,84568,84574,84577,84620,84622,84630,84636,84639,84670,84672,84680,84686,84691,84750,84752,84761,84764,84774,84780,84785,84820,84822,84830,84836,84842,84847,84891,84893,84902,84905,84945,84947,84956,84959,84971,84976,84981,85032,85034,85043,85046,85097,85099,85108,85111,85118,85124,85129,85131,85146,85150,85210,85212,85221,85225,85397,85399,85436,85443,85449,85452,85479,85481,85502,85507,85542,85544,85552,85555,85558,85574,85579,85581,85585,85591,85595,85622,85625,85635,85675,85679,85682,85725,85727,85736,85739,85744,85813,85815,85823,85828,85832,85835,85886,85888,85896,85899,85962,85964,85972,85975,85980,85984,85997,86004,86012,86014,86016,86046,86052,86153,86163,86165,86170,86173,86178,86181,86183,86191,86199,86207,86214,86222,86224,86256],[10,84351,3332,84353,3336],{"id":84352},"python-min-function-explained",[18,84354,83980],{},[14,84356,84357,84359],{},[18,84358,83980],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84361,84362,84363,84365],{},"This page explains what ",[18,84364,83980],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[47,84367,50],{"id":49},[52,84369,84371],{"className":54,"code":84370,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[18,84372,84373,84397,84412,84416],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84374,84375,84377,84379,84381,84383,84385,84387,84389,84391,84393,84395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84376,68],{"class":67},[61,84378,72],{"class":71},[61,84380,76],{"class":75},[61,84382,645],{"class":79},[61,84384,83],{"class":75},[61,84386,86],{"class":79},[61,84388,83],{"class":75},[61,84390,53894],{"class":79},[61,84392,83],{"class":75},[61,84394,680],{"class":79},[61,84396,94],{"class":75},[61,84398,84399,84401,84403,84406,84408,84410],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84400,130],{"class":129},[61,84402,109],{"class":75},[61,84404,84405],{"class":129},"min",[61,84407,109],{"class":75},[61,84409,113],{"class":112},[61,84411,154],{"class":75},[61,84413,84414],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,84415,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,84417,84418,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434,84436,84438,84440],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,84419,130],{"class":129},[61,84421,109],{"class":75},[61,84423,84405],{"class":129},[61,84425,109],{"class":75},[61,84427,645],{"class":79},[61,84429,83],{"class":75},[61,84431,86],{"class":79},[61,84433,83],{"class":75},[61,84435,53894],{"class":79},[61,84437,83],{"class":75},[61,84439,680],{"class":79},[61,84441,154],{"class":75},[14,84443,157],{},[52,84445,84447],{"className":54,"code":84446,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n1\n",[18,84448,84449,84453],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84450,84451],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84452,46675],{"class":79},[61,84454,84455],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84456,46675],{"class":79},[14,84458,204,84459,84461],{},[18,84460,83980],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[47,84463,3435,84465,3438],{"id":84464},"what-min-does",[18,84466,83980],{},[26,84468,84469,84474,84477,84480],{},[29,84470,84471,84473],{},[18,84472,83980],{}," returns the smallest item",[29,84475,84476],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[29,84478,84479],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[29,84481,84482],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[47,84484,84486],{"id":84485},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84488,84489,84490,824],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[18,84491,83980],{},[52,84493,84495],{"className":54,"code":84494,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[18,84496,84497,84507,84532,84550],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84498,84499,84501,84503,84505],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84500,84405],{"class":129},[61,84502,109],{"class":75},[61,84504,272],{"class":112},[61,84506,116],{"class":75},[61,84508,84509,84511,84513,84516,84518,84521,84523,84526,84528,84530],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84510,84405],{"class":129},[61,84512,109],{"class":75},[61,84514,84515],{"class":112},"value1",[61,84517,83],{"class":75},[61,84519,84520],{"class":112}," value2",[61,84522,83],{"class":75},[61,84524,84525],{"class":112}," value3",[61,84527,83],{"class":75},[61,84529,34210],{"class":129},[61,84531,116],{"class":75},[61,84533,84534,84536,84538,84540,84542,84544,84546,84548],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,84535,84405],{"class":129},[61,84537,109],{"class":75},[61,84539,272],{"class":112},[61,84541,83],{"class":75},[61,84543,21336],{"class":8933},[61,84545,72],{"class":71},[61,84547,37127],{"class":129},[61,84549,116],{"class":75},[61,84551,84552,84554,84556,84558,84560,84562,84564,84566],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,84553,84405],{"class":129},[61,84555,109],{"class":75},[61,84557,272],{"class":112},[61,84559,83],{"class":75},[61,84561,26279],{"class":8933},[61,84563,72],{"class":71},[61,84565,37127],{"class":129},[61,84567,116],{"class":75},[408,84569,84571],{"id":84570},"miniterable",[18,84572,84573],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84575,84576],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[52,84578,84580],{"className":54,"code":84579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,84581,84582,84606],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84583,84584,84586,84588,84590,84592,84594,84596,84598,84600,84602,84604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84585,68],{"class":67},[61,84587,72],{"class":71},[61,84589,76],{"class":75},[61,84591,2106],{"class":79},[61,84593,83],{"class":75},[61,84595,91],{"class":79},[61,84597,83],{"class":75},[61,84599,30698],{"class":79},[61,84601,83],{"class":75},[61,84603,680],{"class":79},[61,84605,94],{"class":75},[61,84607,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84609,130],{"class":129},[61,84611,109],{"class":75},[61,84613,84405],{"class":129},[61,84615,109],{"class":75},[61,84617,113],{"class":112},[61,84619,154],{"class":75},[14,84621,157],{},[52,84623,84624],{"className":54,"code":46675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,84625,84626],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84627,84628],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84629,46675],{"class":79},[408,84631,84633],{"id":84632},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[18,84634,84635],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84637,84638],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[52,84640,84642],{"className":54,"code":84641,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[18,84643,84644],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84645,84646,84648,84650,84652,84654,84656,84658,84660,84662,84664,84666,84668],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84647,130],{"class":129},[61,84649,109],{"class":75},[61,84651,84405],{"class":129},[61,84653,109],{"class":75},[61,84655,2106],{"class":79},[61,84657,83],{"class":75},[61,84659,91],{"class":79},[61,84661,83],{"class":75},[61,84663,30698],{"class":79},[61,84665,83],{"class":75},[61,84667,680],{"class":79},[61,84669,154],{"class":75},[14,84671,157],{},[52,84673,84674],{"className":54,"code":46675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,84675,84676],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84677,84678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84679,46675],{"class":79},[408,84681,84683],{"id":84682},"miniterable-key",[18,84684,84685],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84687,204,84688,84690],{},[18,84689,14596],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[52,84692,84694],{"className":54,"code":84693,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,84695,84696,84728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84697,84698,84700,84702,84704,84706,84708,84710,84712,84714,84716,84718,84720,84722,84724,84726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84699,3829],{"class":67},[61,84701,72],{"class":71},[61,84703,76],{"class":75},[61,84705,816],{"class":190},[61,84707,78490],{"class":194},[61,84709,816],{"class":190},[61,84711,83],{"class":75},[61,84713,522],{"class":190},[61,84715,38097],{"class":194},[61,84717,816],{"class":190},[61,84719,83],{"class":75},[61,84721,522],{"class":190},[61,84723,3847],{"class":194},[61,84725,816],{"class":190},[61,84727,94],{"class":75},[61,84729,84730,84732,84734,84736,84738,84740,84742,84744,84746,84748],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84731,130],{"class":129},[61,84733,109],{"class":75},[61,84735,84405],{"class":129},[61,84737,109],{"class":75},[61,84739,3873],{"class":112},[61,84741,83],{"class":75},[61,84743,21336],{"class":8933},[61,84745,72],{"class":71},[61,84747,10914],{"class":129},[61,84749,154],{"class":75},[14,84751,157],{},[52,84753,84755],{"className":54,"code":84754,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"kiwi\n",[18,84756,84757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84758,84759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84760,84754],{"class":67},[14,84762,84763],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,84765,84766,84767,84769,84770,244],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[18,84768,42118],{},", see the ",[235,84771,84772,3265],{"href":42115},[18,84773,42118],{},[408,84775,84777],{"id":84776},"miniterable-default",[18,84778,84779],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,84781,204,84782,84784],{},[18,84783,82681],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[52,84786,84788],{"className":54,"code":84787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,84789,84790,84798],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84791,84792,84794,84796],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84793,68],{"class":67},[61,84795,72],{"class":71},[61,84797,7596],{"class":75},[61,84799,84800,84802,84804,84806,84808,84810,84812,84814,84816,84818],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84801,130],{"class":129},[61,84803,109],{"class":75},[61,84805,84405],{"class":129},[61,84807,109],{"class":75},[61,84809,113],{"class":112},[61,84811,83],{"class":75},[61,84813,26279],{"class":8933},[61,84815,72],{"class":71},[61,84817,675],{"class":79},[61,84819,154],{"class":75},[14,84821,157],{},[52,84823,84824],{"className":54,"code":47010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,84825,84826],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84827,84828],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84829,47010],{"class":79},[14,84831,84832,84833,84835],{},"This avoids a ",[18,84834,40461],{}," when there is no item to return.",[47,84837,8175,84839,84841],{"id":84838},"using-min-with-numbers",[18,84840,83980],{}," with numbers",[14,84843,84844,84846],{},[18,84845,83980],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[52,84848,84850],{"className":54,"code":84849,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[18,84851,84852,84877],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84853,84854,84856,84858,84860,84862,84864,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84855,4826],{"class":67},[61,84857,72],{"class":71},[61,84859,76],{"class":75},[61,84861,51263],{"class":79},[61,84863,83],{"class":75},[61,84865,84866],{"class":79}," 72",[61,84868,83],{"class":75},[61,84870,28663],{"class":79},[61,84872,83],{"class":75},[61,84874,75846],{"class":79},[61,84876,94],{"class":75},[61,84878,84879,84881,84883,84885,84887,84889],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84880,130],{"class":129},[61,84882,109],{"class":75},[61,84884,84405],{"class":129},[61,84886,109],{"class":75},[61,84888,16145],{"class":112},[61,84890,154],{"class":75},[14,84892,157],{},[52,84894,84896],{"className":54,"code":84895,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"60\n",[18,84897,84898],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84899,84900],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84901,84895],{"class":79},[14,84903,84904],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[52,84906,84908],{"className":54,"code":84907,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[18,84909,84910,84931],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84911,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84925,84927,84929],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84913,82793],{"class":67},[61,84915,72],{"class":71},[61,84917,76],{"class":75},[61,84919,40155],{"class":79},[61,84921,83],{"class":75},[61,84923,84924],{"class":79}," 5.49",[61,84926,83],{"class":75},[61,84928,82809],{"class":79},[61,84930,94],{"class":75},[61,84932,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,84934,130],{"class":129},[61,84936,109],{"class":75},[61,84938,84405],{"class":129},[61,84940,109],{"class":75},[61,84942,82829],{"class":112},[61,84944,154],{"class":75},[14,84946,157],{},[52,84948,84950],{"className":54,"code":84949,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.49\n",[18,84951,84952],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84953,84954],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84955,84949],{"class":79},[14,84957,84958],{},"This is useful for things like:",[26,84960,84961,84963,84965,84968],{},[29,84962,16145],{},[29,84964,82829],{},[29,84966,84967],{},"measurements",[29,84969,84970],{},"ages",[47,84972,8175,84974,46817],{"id":84973},"using-min-with-strings",[18,84975,83980],{},[14,84977,84978,84980],{},[18,84979,83980],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[52,84982,84984],{"className":54,"code":84983,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,84985,84986,85018],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84987,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84989,3829],{"class":67},[61,84991,72],{"class":71},[61,84993,76],{"class":75},[61,84995,816],{"class":190},[61,84997,3847],{"class":194},[61,84999,816],{"class":190},[61,85001,83],{"class":75},[61,85003,522],{"class":190},[61,85005,3838],{"class":194},[61,85007,816],{"class":190},[61,85009,83],{"class":75},[61,85011,522],{"class":190},[61,85013,3856],{"class":194},[61,85015,816],{"class":190},[61,85017,94],{"class":75},[61,85019,85020,85022,85024,85026,85028,85030],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85021,130],{"class":129},[61,85023,109],{"class":75},[61,85025,84405],{"class":129},[61,85027,109],{"class":75},[61,85029,3873],{"class":112},[61,85031,154],{"class":75},[14,85033,157],{},[52,85035,85037],{"className":54,"code":85036,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"apple\n",[18,85038,85039],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85040,85041],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85042,85036],{"class":67},[14,85044,85045],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[52,85047,85049],{"className":54,"code":85048,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85050,85051,85083],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85052,85053,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063,85065,85067,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077,85079,85081],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85054,3829],{"class":67},[61,85056,72],{"class":71},[61,85058,76],{"class":75},[61,85060,816],{"class":190},[61,85062,3847],{"class":194},[61,85064,816],{"class":190},[61,85066,83],{"class":75},[61,85068,522],{"class":190},[61,85070,57527],{"class":194},[61,85072,816],{"class":190},[61,85074,83],{"class":75},[61,85076,522],{"class":190},[61,85078,3856],{"class":194},[61,85080,816],{"class":190},[61,85082,94],{"class":75},[61,85084,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85086,130],{"class":129},[61,85088,109],{"class":75},[61,85090,84405],{"class":129},[61,85092,109],{"class":75},[61,85094,3873],{"class":112},[61,85096,154],{"class":75},[14,85098,157],{},[52,85100,85102],{"className":54,"code":85101,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Apple\n",[18,85103,85104],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85105,85106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85107,85101],{"class":67},[14,85109,85110],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85112,85113,85114,244],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[235,85115,85116,5542],{"href":74267},[18,85117,74170],{},[47,85119,8175,85121,85123],{"id":85120},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[18,85122,83980],{}," with a key function",[14,85125,1744,85126,85128],{},[18,85127,14596],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85130,277],{},[26,85132,85133,85138,85143],{},[29,85134,85135,85137],{},[18,85136,14596],{}," changes the comparison rule",[29,85139,85140,85142],{},[18,85141,83980],{}," still returns the original item",[29,85144,85145],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[408,85147,85149],{"id":85148},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[52,85151,85153],{"className":54,"code":85152,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85154,85155,85188],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85156,85157,85159,85161,85163,85165,85167,85169,85171,85173,85175,85177,85179,85181,85184,85186],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85158,3829],{"class":67},[61,85160,72],{"class":71},[61,85162,76],{"class":75},[61,85164,816],{"class":190},[61,85166,68072],{"class":194},[61,85168,816],{"class":190},[61,85170,83],{"class":75},[61,85172,522],{"class":190},[61,85174,525],{"class":194},[61,85176,816],{"class":190},[61,85178,83],{"class":75},[61,85180,522],{"class":190},[61,85182,85183],{"class":194},"giraffe",[61,85185,816],{"class":190},[61,85187,94],{"class":75},[61,85189,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204,85206,85208],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85191,130],{"class":129},[61,85193,109],{"class":75},[61,85195,84405],{"class":129},[61,85197,109],{"class":75},[61,85199,3873],{"class":112},[61,85201,83],{"class":75},[61,85203,21336],{"class":8933},[61,85205,72],{"class":71},[61,85207,10914],{"class":129},[61,85209,154],{"class":75},[14,85211,157],{},[52,85213,85215],{"className":54,"code":85214,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cat\n",[18,85216,85217],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85218,85219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85220,85214],{"class":67},[408,85222,85224],{"id":85223},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[52,85226,85228],{"className":54,"code":85227,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[18,85229,85230,85240,85275,85307,85339,85343,85347,85386],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85231,85232,85235,85237],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85233,85234],{"class":67},"students ",[61,85236,72],{"class":71},[61,85238,85239],{"class":75}," [\n",[61,85241,85242,85245,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255,85257,85259,85261,85263,85266,85268,85270,85272],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85243,85244],{"class":75},"    {",[61,85246,816],{"class":190},[61,85248,819],{"class":194},[61,85250,816],{"class":190},[61,85252,824],{"class":75},[61,85254,522],{"class":190},[61,85256,829],{"class":194},[61,85258,816],{"class":190},[61,85260,83],{"class":75},[61,85262,522],{"class":190},[61,85264,85265],{"class":194},"score",[61,85267,816],{"class":190},[61,85269,824],{"class":75},[61,85271,13262],{"class":79},[61,85273,85274],{"class":75},"},\n",[61,85276,85277,85279,85281,85283,85285,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,85278,85244],{"class":75},[61,85280,816],{"class":190},[61,85282,819],{"class":194},[61,85284,816],{"class":190},[61,85286,824],{"class":75},[61,85288,522],{"class":190},[61,85290,35697],{"class":194},[61,85292,816],{"class":190},[61,85294,83],{"class":75},[61,85296,522],{"class":190},[61,85298,85265],{"class":194},[61,85300,816],{"class":190},[61,85302,824],{"class":75},[61,85304,84866],{"class":79},[61,85306,85274],{"class":75},[61,85308,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331,85333,85335,85337],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,85310,85244],{"class":75},[61,85312,816],{"class":190},[61,85314,819],{"class":194},[61,85316,816],{"class":190},[61,85318,824],{"class":75},[61,85320,522],{"class":190},[61,85322,35706],{"class":194},[61,85324,816],{"class":190},[61,85326,83],{"class":75},[61,85328,522],{"class":190},[61,85330,85265],{"class":194},[61,85332,816],{"class":190},[61,85334,824],{"class":75},[61,85336,19654],{"class":79},[61,85338,730],{"class":75},[61,85340,85341],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,85342,94],{"class":75},[61,85344,85345],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,85346,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,85348,85349,85352,85354,85357,85359,85362,85364,85366,85368,85370,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,85350,85351],{"class":67},"lowest ",[61,85353,72],{"class":71},[61,85355,85356],{"class":129}," min",[61,85358,109],{"class":75},[61,85360,85361],{"class":112},"students",[61,85363,83],{"class":75},[61,85365,21336],{"class":8933},[61,85367,72],{"class":71},[61,85369,37416],{"class":186},[61,85371,12661],{"class":37419},[61,85373,824],{"class":75},[61,85375,12661],{"class":112},[61,85377,3658],{"class":75},[61,85379,816],{"class":190},[61,85381,85265],{"class":194},[61,85383,816],{"class":190},[61,85385,1137],{"class":75},[61,85387,85388,85390,85392,85395],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,85389,130],{"class":129},[61,85391,109],{"class":75},[61,85393,85394],{"class":112},"lowest",[61,85396,116],{"class":75},[14,85398,157],{},[52,85400,85402],{"className":54,"code":85401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[18,85403,85404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85405,85406,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424,85426,85428,85430,85432,85434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85407,9033],{"class":75},[61,85409,198],{"class":190},[61,85411,819],{"class":194},[61,85413,198],{"class":190},[61,85415,824],{"class":75},[61,85417,191],{"class":190},[61,85419,35697],{"class":194},[61,85421,198],{"class":190},[61,85423,83],{"class":75},[61,85425,191],{"class":190},[61,85427,85265],{"class":194},[61,85429,198],{"class":190},[61,85431,824],{"class":75},[61,85433,84866],{"class":79},[61,85435,730],{"class":75},[14,85437,85438,85439,85442],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[18,85440,85441],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[47,85444,8175,85446,85448],{"id":85445},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[18,85447,82681],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85450,85451],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[52,85453,85455],{"className":54,"code":85454,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85456,85457,85465],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85458,85459,85461,85463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85460,68],{"class":67},[61,85462,72],{"class":71},[61,85464,7596],{"class":75},[61,85466,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85468,130],{"class":129},[61,85470,109],{"class":75},[61,85472,84405],{"class":129},[61,85474,109],{"class":75},[61,85476,113],{"class":112},[61,85478,154],{"class":75},[14,85480,157],{},[52,85482,85484],{"className":54,"code":85483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,85485,85486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85487,85488,85490,85492,85494,85496,85498,85500],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85489,40461],{"class":105},[61,85491,824],{"class":75},[61,85493,85356],{"class":129},[61,85495,1637],{"class":75},[61,85497,83651],{"class":67},[61,85499,11948],{"class":71},[61,85501,83656],{"class":67},[14,85503,85504,85505,824],{},"To avoid that, use ",[18,85506,82681],{},[52,85508,85510],{"className":54,"code":85509,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,85511,85512,85520],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85513,85514,85516,85518],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85515,68],{"class":67},[61,85517,72],{"class":71},[61,85519,7596],{"class":75},[61,85521,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85523,130],{"class":129},[61,85525,109],{"class":75},[61,85527,84405],{"class":129},[61,85529,109],{"class":75},[61,85531,113],{"class":112},[61,85533,83],{"class":75},[61,85535,26279],{"class":8933},[61,85537,72],{"class":71},[61,85539,3536],{"class":3609},[61,85541,154],{"class":75},[14,85543,157],{},[52,85545,85546],{"className":54,"code":11562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,85547,85548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85549,85550],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85551,11562],{"class":3609},[14,85553,85554],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85556,85557],{},"Remember:",[26,85559,85560,85568],{},[29,85561,85562,85564,85565,85567],{},[18,85563,82681],{}," works only when ",[18,85566,83980],{}," gets one iterable argument",[29,85569,85570,85571],{},"It does not work with ",[18,85572,85573],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85575,85576,85577,244],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[235,85578,65585],{"href":72624},[47,85580,10496],{"id":10495},[14,85582,56534,85583,244],{},[18,85584,83980],{},[408,85586,85588,85589],{"id":85587},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[18,85590,82681],{},[14,85592,2761,85593,824],{},[18,85594,40461],{},[52,85596,85598],{"className":54,"code":85597,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[18,85599,85600,85608],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85601,85602,85604,85606],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85603,7539],{"class":67},[61,85605,72],{"class":71},[61,85607,7596],{"class":75},[61,85609,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85611,130],{"class":129},[61,85613,109],{"class":75},[61,85615,84405],{"class":129},[61,85617,109],{"class":75},[61,85619,993],{"class":112},[61,85621,154],{"class":75},[14,85623,85624],{},"Fix it by:",[26,85626,85627,85630],{},[29,85628,85629],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[29,85631,85632,85633],{},"or using ",[18,85634,82681],{},[52,85636,85638],{"className":54,"code":85637,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[18,85639,85640,85648],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85641,85642,85644,85646],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85643,7539],{"class":67},[61,85645,72],{"class":71},[61,85647,7596],{"class":75},[61,85649,85650,85652,85654,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85671,85673],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85651,130],{"class":129},[61,85653,109],{"class":75},[61,85655,84405],{"class":129},[61,85657,109],{"class":75},[61,85659,993],{"class":112},[61,85661,83],{"class":75},[61,85663,26279],{"class":8933},[61,85665,72],{"class":71},[61,85667,816],{"class":190},[61,85669,85670],{"class":194},"no items",[61,85672,816],{"class":190},[61,85674,154],{"class":75},[408,85676,85678],{"id":85677},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85680,85681],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[52,85683,85685],{"className":54,"code":85684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[18,85686,85687,85711],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85688,85689,85691,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85690,1459],{"class":67},[61,85692,72],{"class":71},[61,85694,76],{"class":75},[61,85696,430],{"class":79},[61,85698,83],{"class":75},[61,85700,522],{"class":190},[61,85702,15510],{"class":194},[61,85704,816],{"class":190},[61,85706,83],{"class":75},[61,85708,4367],{"class":79},[61,85710,94],{"class":75},[61,85712,85713,85715,85717,85719,85721,85723],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85714,130],{"class":129},[61,85716,109],{"class":75},[61,85718,84405],{"class":129},[61,85720,109],{"class":75},[61,85722,1501],{"class":112},[61,85724,154],{"class":75},[14,85726,157],{},[52,85728,85730],{"className":54,"code":85729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError\n",[18,85731,85732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85733,85734],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85735,85729],{"class":105},[14,85737,85738],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85740,85741,85742,244],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[18,85743,83980],{},[52,85745,85747],{"className":54,"code":85746,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85748,85749,85773,85799],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85750,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85752,1459],{"class":67},[61,85754,72],{"class":71},[61,85756,76],{"class":75},[61,85758,430],{"class":79},[61,85760,83],{"class":75},[61,85762,522],{"class":190},[61,85764,15510],{"class":194},[61,85766,816],{"class":190},[61,85768,83],{"class":75},[61,85770,4367],{"class":79},[61,85772,94],{"class":75},[61,85774,85775,85777,85779,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85776,68],{"class":67},[61,85778,72],{"class":71},[61,85780,76],{"class":75},[61,85782,1279],{"class":105},[61,85784,109],{"class":75},[61,85786,1936],{"class":112},[61,85788,3417],{"class":75},[61,85790,3635],{"class":3634},[61,85792,3638],{"class":67},[61,85794,3641],{"class":3634},[61,85796,14321],{"class":67},[61,85798,94],{"class":75},[61,85800,85801,85803,85805,85807,85809,85811],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,85802,130],{"class":129},[61,85804,109],{"class":75},[61,85806,84405],{"class":129},[61,85808,109],{"class":75},[61,85810,113],{"class":112},[61,85812,154],{"class":75},[14,85814,157],{},[52,85816,85817],{"className":54,"code":2707,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,85818,85819],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85820,85821],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85822,2707],{"class":79},[14,85824,85825,85826,244],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[18,85827,1272],{},[408,85829,85831],{"id":85830},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,85833,85834],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[52,85836,85838],{"className":54,"code":85837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85839,85840,85872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85841,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854,85856,85858,85860,85862,85864,85866,85868,85870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85843,3829],{"class":67},[61,85845,72],{"class":71},[61,85847,76],{"class":75},[61,85849,816],{"class":190},[61,85851,79306],{"class":194},[61,85853,816],{"class":190},[61,85855,83],{"class":75},[61,85857,522],{"class":190},[61,85859,57527],{"class":194},[61,85861,816],{"class":190},[61,85863,83],{"class":75},[61,85865,522],{"class":190},[61,85867,79323],{"class":194},[61,85869,816],{"class":190},[61,85871,94],{"class":75},[61,85873,85874,85876,85878,85880,85882,85884],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85875,130],{"class":129},[61,85877,109],{"class":75},[61,85879,84405],{"class":129},[61,85881,109],{"class":75},[61,85883,3873],{"class":112},[61,85885,154],{"class":75},[14,85887,157],{},[52,85889,85890],{"className":54,"code":85101,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,85891,85892],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85893,85894],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85895,85101],{"class":67},[14,85897,85898],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[52,85900,85902],{"className":54,"code":85901,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,85903,85904,85936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85905,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914,85916,85918,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85907,3829],{"class":67},[61,85909,72],{"class":71},[61,85911,76],{"class":75},[61,85913,816],{"class":190},[61,85915,79306],{"class":194},[61,85917,816],{"class":190},[61,85919,83],{"class":75},[61,85921,522],{"class":190},[61,85923,57527],{"class":194},[61,85925,816],{"class":190},[61,85927,83],{"class":75},[61,85929,522],{"class":190},[61,85931,79323],{"class":194},[61,85933,816],{"class":190},[61,85935,94],{"class":75},[61,85937,85938,85940,85942,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952,85954,85956,85958,85960],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,85939,130],{"class":129},[61,85941,109],{"class":75},[61,85943,84405],{"class":129},[61,85945,109],{"class":75},[61,85947,3873],{"class":112},[61,85949,83],{"class":75},[61,85951,21336],{"class":8933},[61,85953,72],{"class":71},[61,85955,3199],{"class":105},[61,85957,244],{"class":75},[61,85959,8399],{"class":24507},[61,85961,154],{"class":75},[14,85963,157],{},[52,85965,85966],{"className":54,"code":85101,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,85967,85968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85969,85970],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85971,85101],{"class":67},[14,85973,85974],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[47,85976,4723,85978],{"id":85977},"when-to-use-min",[18,85979,83980],{},[14,85981,204,85982,1193],{},[18,85983,83980],{},[26,85985,85986,85989,85994],{},[29,85987,85988],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[29,85990,85991,85992],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[18,85993,14596],{},[29,85995,85996],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,85998,204,85999,86003],{},[235,86000,86001],{"href":74267},[18,86002,74170],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86005,204,86006,86011],{},[235,86007,86009],{"href":86008},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[18,86010,82327],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[47,86013,2590],{"id":2589},[14,86015,83985],{},[26,86017,86018,86026,86029,86034,86041],{},[29,86019,86020,86021,86023,86024],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[18,86022,83980],{}," without using ",[18,86025,82681],{},[29,86027,86028],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[29,86030,8211,86031,86033],{},[18,86032,83980],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[29,86035,4466,86036,86038,86039,85142],{},[18,86037,14596],{}," affects comparison but ",[18,86040,83980],{},[29,86042,8175,86043,86045],{},[18,86044,82681],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86047,86048,86049,86051],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[18,86050,83980],{},", these quick checks can help:",[52,86053,86055],{"className":54,"code":86054,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,86056,86057,86071,86081,86095,86109,86131],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86058,86059,86061,86063,86065,86067,86069],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86060,130],{"class":129},[61,86062,109],{"class":75},[61,86064,147],{"class":105},[61,86066,109],{"class":75},[61,86068,1501],{"class":112},[61,86070,154],{"class":75},[61,86072,86073,86075,86077,86079],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86074,130],{"class":129},[61,86076,109],{"class":75},[61,86078,1501],{"class":112},[61,86080,116],{"class":75},[61,86082,86083,86085,86087,86089,86091,86093],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,86084,130],{"class":129},[61,86086,109],{"class":75},[61,86088,10914],{"class":129},[61,86090,109],{"class":75},[61,86092,1501],{"class":112},[61,86094,154],{"class":75},[61,86096,86097,86099,86101,86103,86105,86107],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,86098,130],{"class":129},[61,86100,109],{"class":75},[61,86102,84405],{"class":129},[61,86104,109],{"class":75},[61,86106,1501],{"class":112},[61,86108,154],{"class":75},[61,86110,86111,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125,86127,86129],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,86112,130],{"class":129},[61,86114,109],{"class":75},[61,86116,84405],{"class":129},[61,86118,109],{"class":75},[61,86120,1501],{"class":112},[61,86122,83],{"class":75},[61,86124,26279],{"class":8933},[61,86126,72],{"class":71},[61,86128,3536],{"class":3609},[61,86130,154],{"class":75},[61,86132,86133,86135,86137,86139,86141,86143,86145,86147,86149,86151],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,86134,130],{"class":129},[61,86136,109],{"class":75},[61,86138,84405],{"class":129},[61,86140,109],{"class":75},[61,86142,3873],{"class":112},[61,86144,83],{"class":75},[61,86146,21336],{"class":8933},[61,86148,72],{"class":71},[61,86150,10914],{"class":129},[61,86152,154],{"class":75},[14,86154,86155,86156,86159,86160,86162],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[18,86157,86158],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[18,86161,1501],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[47,86164,1620],{"id":1619},[408,86166,4905,86168,4908],{"id":86167},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[18,86169,83980],{},[14,86171,86172],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[408,86174,4933,86176,84161],{"id":86175},"can-min-work-with-strings",[18,86177,83980],{},[14,86179,86180],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[408,86182,71392],{"id":71391},[14,86184,86185,52253,86187,84173,86189,36378],{},[18,86186,83980],{},[18,86188,40461],{},[18,86190,82681],{},[408,86192,4905,86194,86196,86197,2251],{"id":86193},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[18,86195,14596],{}," do in ",[18,86198,83980],{},[14,86200,86201,86203,86204,86206],{},[18,86202,14596],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[18,86205,83234],{}," compares strings by length.",[408,86208,4943,86210,4154,86212,2251],{"id":86209},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[18,86211,83980],{},[18,86213,74170],{},[14,86215,86216,86218,86219,86221],{},[18,86217,83980],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[18,86220,74170],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[47,86223,1664],{"id":1663},[26,86225,86226,86232,86238,86244,86248,86252],{},[29,86227,86228],{},[235,86229,86230,3265],{"href":86008},[18,86231,82327],{},[29,86233,86234],{},[235,86235,86236,3265],{"href":74267},[18,86237,74170],{},[29,86239,86240],{},[235,86241,86242,3265],{"href":42115},[18,86243,42118],{},[29,86245,86246],{},[235,86247,79619],{"href":78122},[29,86249,86250],{},[235,86251,58715],{"href":58714},[29,86253,86254],{},[235,86255,65585],{"href":72624},[1693,86257,86258],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":86260},[86261,86262,86264,86270,86272,86274,86279,86281,86287,86289,86290,86301],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":84464,"depth":97,"text":86263},"What min() does",{"id":84485,"depth":97,"text":84486,"children":86265},[86266,86267,86268,86269],{"id":84570,"depth":119,"text":84573},{"id":84632,"depth":119,"text":84635},{"id":84682,"depth":119,"text":84685},{"id":84776,"depth":119,"text":84779},{"id":84838,"depth":97,"text":86271},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84973,"depth":97,"text":86273},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85120,"depth":97,"text":86275,"children":86276},"Using min() with a key function",[86277,86278],{"id":85148,"depth":119,"text":85149},{"id":85223,"depth":119,"text":85224},{"id":85445,"depth":97,"text":86280},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10495,"depth":97,"text":10496,"children":86282},[86283,86285,86286],{"id":85587,"depth":119,"text":86284},"Empty list without default",{"id":85677,"depth":119,"text":85678},{"id":85830,"depth":119,"text":85831},{"id":85977,"depth":97,"text":86288},"When to use min()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":86291},[86292,86294,86296,86297,86299],{"id":86167,"depth":119,"text":86293},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86175,"depth":119,"text":86295},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71391,"depth":119,"text":71392},{"id":86193,"depth":119,"text":86298},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86209,"depth":119,"text":86300},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84347,"description":86302},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86309,"title":86310,"body":86311,"description":88490,"extension":1727,"meta":88491,"navigation":122,"path":88492,"seo":88493,"stem":88494,"__hash__":88495},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86312,"toc":88454},[86313,86316,86322,86328,86330,86411,86420,86424,86429,86431,86476,86478,86558,86564,86566,86569,86601,86603,86621,86623,86696,86698,86717,86721,86724,86760,86762,86829,86903,86976,86981,86985,86991,86994,87011,87014,87016,87077,87079,87099,87105,87109,87112,87182,87185,87204,87209,87285,87288,87292,87298,87302,87307,87377,87381,87386,87460,87464,87467,87542,87553,87557,87562,87652,87657,87725,87728,87747,87758,87762,87765,87770,87773,87835,87838,87849,87854,87857,87860,87865,87868,87871,87875,87878,87884,87887,87898,87900,87962,87977,87983,87986,87989,88000,88011,88017,88020,88022,88084,88094,88100,88105,88111,88115,88121,88124,88145,88147,88152,88179,88182,88209,88212,88251,88254,88292,88295,88356,88359,88361,88365,88368,88372,88378,88386,88394,88398,88401,88405,88411,88413,88451],[10,86314,86310],{"id":86315},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86317,86318,86321],{},[18,86319,86320],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86323,86324,86325,86327],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[18,86326,86320],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[47,86329,50],{"id":49},[52,86331,86333],{"className":54,"code":86332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[18,86334,86335,86384,86400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86336,86337,86340,86343,86345,86347,86350,86352,86354,86356,86358,86360,86362,86365,86367,86369,86372,86374,86376,86378,86382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86338,86339],{"class":3634},"with",[61,86341,86342],{"class":129}," open",[61,86344,109],{"class":75},[61,86346,816],{"class":190},[61,86348,86349],{"class":194},"example.txt",[61,86351,816],{"class":190},[61,86353,83],{"class":75},[61,86355,522],{"class":190},[61,86357,60259],{"class":194},[61,86359,816],{"class":190},[61,86361,83],{"class":75},[61,86363,86364],{"class":8933}," encoding",[61,86366,72],{"class":71},[61,86368,816],{"class":190},[61,86370,86371],{"class":194},"utf-8",[61,86373,816],{"class":190},[61,86375,3417],{"class":75},[61,86377,47116],{"class":3634},[61,86379,86381],{"class":86380},"sMMDD"," file",[61,86383,6152],{"class":75},[61,86385,86386,86389,86391,86393,86395,86398],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86387,86388],{"class":67},"    content ",[61,86390,72],{"class":71},[61,86392,86381],{"class":86380},[61,86394,244],{"class":75},[61,86396,86397],{"class":112},"read",[61,86399,263],{"class":75},[61,86401,86402,86404,86406,86409],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,86403,7827],{"class":129},[61,86405,109],{"class":75},[61,86407,86408],{"class":112},"content",[61,86410,116],{"class":75},[14,86412,204,86413,86415,86416,86419],{},[18,86414,86339],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[18,86417,86418],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[47,86421,86423],{"id":86422},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86425,86426,86428],{},[18,86427,86320],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86430,277],{},[26,86432,86433,86436,86441,86446],{},[29,86434,86435],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[29,86437,1386,86438,86440],{},[603,86439,605],{}," read or write anything by itself",[29,86442,17178,86443],{},[603,86444,86445],{},"file object",[29,86447,86448,86449],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[26,86450,86451,86456,86461,86466,86471],{},[29,86452,86453],{},[18,86454,86455],{},"read()",[29,86457,86458],{},[18,86459,86460],{},"readline()",[29,86462,86463],{},[18,86464,86465],{},"readlines()",[29,86467,86468],{},[18,86469,86470],{},"write()",[29,86472,86473],{},[18,86474,86475],{},"close()",[14,86477,1109],{},[52,86479,86481],{"className":54,"code":86480,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[18,86482,86483,86522,86537,86547],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86484,86485,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500,86502,86504,86506,86508,86510,86512,86514,86516,86518,86520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86486,86487],{"class":86380},"file",[61,86489,13031],{"class":71},[61,86491,86342],{"class":129},[61,86493,109],{"class":75},[61,86495,816],{"class":190},[61,86497,86349],{"class":194},[61,86499,816],{"class":190},[61,86501,83],{"class":75},[61,86503,522],{"class":190},[61,86505,60259],{"class":194},[61,86507,816],{"class":190},[61,86509,83],{"class":75},[61,86511,86364],{"class":8933},[61,86513,72],{"class":71},[61,86515,816],{"class":190},[61,86517,86371],{"class":194},[61,86519,816],{"class":190},[61,86521,116],{"class":75},[61,86523,86524,86527,86529,86531,86533,86535],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86525,86526],{"class":67},"content ",[61,86528,72],{"class":71},[61,86530,86381],{"class":86380},[61,86532,244],{"class":75},[61,86534,86397],{"class":112},[61,86536,263],{"class":75},[61,86538,86539,86541,86543,86545],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,86540,130],{"class":129},[61,86542,109],{"class":75},[61,86544,86408],{"class":112},[61,86546,116],{"class":75},[61,86548,86549,86551,86553,86556],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,86550,86487],{"class":86380},[61,86552,244],{"class":75},[61,86554,86555],{"class":112},"close",[61,86557,263],{"class":75},[14,86559,86560,86561,86563],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[18,86562,86339],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[47,86565,248],{"id":247},[14,86567,86568],{},"A common form is:",[52,86570,86572],{"className":54,"code":86571,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[18,86573,86574],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86575,86576,86578,86580,86582,86584,86587,86589,86591,86593,86595,86597,86599],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86577,42184],{"class":129},[61,86579,109],{"class":75},[61,86581,86487],{"class":86380},[61,86583,83],{"class":75},[61,86585,86586],{"class":112}," mode",[61,86588,83],{"class":75},[61,86590,86364],{"class":8933},[61,86592,72],{"class":71},[61,86594,816],{"class":190},[61,86596,86371],{"class":194},[61,86598,816],{"class":190},[61,86600,116],{"class":75},[14,86602,64791],{},[26,86604,86605,86610,86615],{},[29,86606,86607,86609],{},[18,86608,86487],{}," is the file name or file path",[29,86611,86612,86614],{},[18,86613,20675],{}," controls how the file is opened",[29,86616,86617,86620],{},[18,86618,86619],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86622,1109],{},[52,86624,86626],{"className":54,"code":86625,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[18,86627,86628,86671,86686],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86629,86630,86632,86634,86636,86638,86641,86643,86645,86647,86649,86651,86653,86655,86657,86659,86661,86663,86665,86667,86669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86631,86339],{"class":3634},[61,86633,86342],{"class":129},[61,86635,109],{"class":75},[61,86637,816],{"class":190},[61,86639,86640],{"class":194},"notes.txt",[61,86642,816],{"class":190},[61,86644,83],{"class":75},[61,86646,522],{"class":190},[61,86648,60259],{"class":194},[61,86650,816],{"class":190},[61,86652,83],{"class":75},[61,86654,86364],{"class":8933},[61,86656,72],{"class":71},[61,86658,816],{"class":190},[61,86660,86371],{"class":194},[61,86662,816],{"class":190},[61,86664,3417],{"class":75},[61,86666,47116],{"class":3634},[61,86668,86381],{"class":86380},[61,86670,6152],{"class":75},[61,86672,86673,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86674,86675],{"class":67},"    text ",[61,86677,72],{"class":71},[61,86679,86381],{"class":86380},[61,86681,244],{"class":75},[61,86683,86397],{"class":112},[61,86685,263],{"class":75},[61,86687,86688,86690,86692,86694],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,86689,7827],{"class":129},[61,86691,109],{"class":75},[61,86693,541],{"class":112},[61,86695,116],{"class":75},[14,86697,19713],{},[26,86699,86700,86706,86711],{},[29,86701,86702,86705],{},[18,86703,86704],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[29,86707,86708,86710],{},[18,86709,86418],{}," means open for reading",[29,86712,86713,86716],{},[18,86714,86715],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[47,86718,86720],{"id":86719},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86722,86723],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[26,86725,86726,86731,86737,86742,86748,86754],{},[29,86727,86728,86730],{},[18,86729,86418],{}," = read a text file",[29,86732,86733,86736],{},[18,86734,86735],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[29,86738,86739,86741],{},[18,86740,17853],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[29,86743,86744,86747],{},[18,86745,86746],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[29,86749,86750,86753],{},[18,86751,86752],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[29,86755,86756,86759],{},[18,86757,86758],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86761,1889],{},[52,86763,86765],{"className":54,"code":86764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,86766,86767,86772,86815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86768,86769],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86770,86771],{"class":3420},"# Read a text file\n",[61,86773,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803,86805,86807,86809,86811,86813],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86775,86339],{"class":3634},[61,86777,86342],{"class":129},[61,86779,109],{"class":75},[61,86781,816],{"class":190},[61,86783,86784],{"class":194},"data.txt",[61,86786,816],{"class":190},[61,86788,83],{"class":75},[61,86790,522],{"class":190},[61,86792,60259],{"class":194},[61,86794,816],{"class":190},[61,86796,83],{"class":75},[61,86798,86364],{"class":8933},[61,86800,72],{"class":71},[61,86802,816],{"class":190},[61,86804,86371],{"class":194},[61,86806,816],{"class":190},[61,86808,3417],{"class":75},[61,86810,47116],{"class":3634},[61,86812,86381],{"class":86380},[61,86814,6152],{"class":75},[61,86816,86817,86819,86821,86823,86825,86827],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,86818,7827],{"class":129},[61,86820,109],{"class":75},[61,86822,86487],{"class":86380},[61,86824,244],{"class":75},[61,86826,86397],{"class":112},[61,86828,6955],{"class":75},[52,86830,86832],{"className":54,"code":86831,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[18,86833,86834,86839,86881],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86835,86836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86837,86838],{"class":3420},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[61,86840,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863,86865,86867,86869,86871,86873,86875,86877,86879],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86842,86339],{"class":3634},[61,86844,86342],{"class":129},[61,86846,109],{"class":75},[61,86848,816],{"class":190},[61,86850,86784],{"class":194},[61,86852,816],{"class":190},[61,86854,83],{"class":75},[61,86856,522],{"class":190},[61,86858,60242],{"class":194},[61,86860,816],{"class":190},[61,86862,83],{"class":75},[61,86864,86364],{"class":8933},[61,86866,72],{"class":71},[61,86868,816],{"class":190},[61,86870,86371],{"class":194},[61,86872,816],{"class":190},[61,86874,3417],{"class":75},[61,86876,47116],{"class":3634},[61,86878,86381],{"class":86380},[61,86880,6152],{"class":75},[61,86882,86883,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86899,86901],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,86884,86885],{"class":86380},"    file",[61,86887,244],{"class":75},[61,86889,69941],{"class":112},[61,86891,109],{"class":75},[61,86893,816],{"class":190},[61,86895,34622],{"class":194},[61,86897,86898],{"class":34209},"\\n",[61,86900,816],{"class":190},[61,86902,116],{"class":75},[52,86904,86906],{"className":54,"code":86905,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[18,86907,86908,86913,86955],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86909,86910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86911,86912],{"class":3420},"# Append to a text file\n",[61,86914,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935,86937,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951,86953],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,86916,86339],{"class":3634},[61,86918,86342],{"class":129},[61,86920,109],{"class":75},[61,86922,816],{"class":190},[61,86924,86784],{"class":194},[61,86926,816],{"class":190},[61,86928,83],{"class":75},[61,86930,522],{"class":190},[61,86932,235],{"class":194},[61,86934,816],{"class":190},[61,86936,83],{"class":75},[61,86938,86364],{"class":8933},[61,86940,72],{"class":71},[61,86942,816],{"class":190},[61,86944,86371],{"class":194},[61,86946,816],{"class":190},[61,86948,3417],{"class":75},[61,86950,47116],{"class":3634},[61,86952,86381],{"class":86380},[61,86954,6152],{"class":75},[61,86956,86957,86959,86961,86963,86965,86967,86970,86972,86974],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,86958,86885],{"class":86380},[61,86960,244],{"class":75},[61,86962,69941],{"class":112},[61,86964,109],{"class":75},[61,86966,816],{"class":190},[61,86968,86969],{"class":194},"Another line",[61,86971,86898],{"class":34209},[61,86973,816],{"class":190},[61,86975,116],{"class":75},[14,86977,69093,86978,86980],{},[18,86979,86735],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[47,86982,86984],{"id":86983},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,86986,86987,21732,86989,244],{},[18,86988,86320],{},[603,86990,86445],{},[14,86992,86993],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[26,86995,86996,87001,87006],{},[29,86997,86998],{},[18,86999,87000],{},"file.read()",[29,87002,87003],{},[18,87004,87005],{},"file.write()",[29,87007,87008],{},[18,87009,87010],{},"file.close()",[14,87012,87013],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87015,1109],{},[52,87017,87019],{"className":54,"code":87018,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[18,87020,87021,87063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87022,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87024,86339],{"class":3634},[61,87026,86342],{"class":129},[61,87028,109],{"class":75},[61,87030,816],{"class":190},[61,87032,86349],{"class":194},[61,87034,816],{"class":190},[61,87036,83],{"class":75},[61,87038,522],{"class":190},[61,87040,60259],{"class":194},[61,87042,816],{"class":190},[61,87044,83],{"class":75},[61,87046,86364],{"class":8933},[61,87048,72],{"class":71},[61,87050,816],{"class":190},[61,87052,86371],{"class":194},[61,87054,816],{"class":190},[61,87056,3417],{"class":75},[61,87058,47116],{"class":3634},[61,87060,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87062,6152],{"class":75},[61,87064,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87066,7827],{"class":129},[61,87068,109],{"class":75},[61,87070,147],{"class":105},[61,87072,109],{"class":75},[61,87074,86487],{"class":86380},[61,87076,154],{"class":75},[14,87078,879],{},[52,87080,87082],{"className":54,"code":87081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[18,87083,87084],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87085,87086,87088,87090,87092,87095,87097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87087,183],{"class":71},[61,87089,187],{"class":186},[61,87091,191],{"class":190},[61,87093,87094],{"class":194},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[61,87096,198],{"class":190},[61,87098,201],{"class":71},[14,87100,87101,87102,87104],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[18,87103,86320],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[47,87106,87108],{"id":87107},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87110,87111],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[52,87113,87114],{"className":54,"code":86332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,87115,87116,87158,87172],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87117,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87119,86339],{"class":3634},[61,87121,86342],{"class":129},[61,87123,109],{"class":75},[61,87125,816],{"class":190},[61,87127,86349],{"class":194},[61,87129,816],{"class":190},[61,87131,83],{"class":75},[61,87133,522],{"class":190},[61,87135,60259],{"class":194},[61,87137,816],{"class":190},[61,87139,83],{"class":75},[61,87141,86364],{"class":8933},[61,87143,72],{"class":71},[61,87145,816],{"class":190},[61,87147,86371],{"class":194},[61,87149,816],{"class":190},[61,87151,3417],{"class":75},[61,87153,47116],{"class":3634},[61,87155,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87157,6152],{"class":75},[61,87159,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87170],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87161,86388],{"class":67},[61,87163,72],{"class":71},[61,87165,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87167,244],{"class":75},[61,87169,86397],{"class":112},[61,87171,263],{"class":75},[61,87173,87174,87176,87178,87180],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,87175,7827],{"class":129},[61,87177,109],{"class":75},[61,87179,86408],{"class":112},[61,87181,116],{"class":75},[14,87183,87184],{},"Why this is recommended:",[26,87186,87187,87192,87198,87201],{},[29,87188,87189,87191],{},[18,87190,86339],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[29,87193,87194,87195,87197],{},"It is safer than calling ",[18,87196,86475],{}," yourself",[29,87199,87200],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[29,87202,87203],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87205,83497,87206,87208],{},[18,87207,86339],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[52,87210,87211],{"className":54,"code":86480,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,87212,87213,87251,87265,87275],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87214,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87216,86487],{"class":86380},[61,87218,13031],{"class":71},[61,87220,86342],{"class":129},[61,87222,109],{"class":75},[61,87224,816],{"class":190},[61,87226,86349],{"class":194},[61,87228,816],{"class":190},[61,87230,83],{"class":75},[61,87232,522],{"class":190},[61,87234,60259],{"class":194},[61,87236,816],{"class":190},[61,87238,83],{"class":75},[61,87240,86364],{"class":8933},[61,87242,72],{"class":71},[61,87244,816],{"class":190},[61,87246,86371],{"class":194},[61,87248,816],{"class":190},[61,87250,116],{"class":75},[61,87252,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87254,86526],{"class":67},[61,87256,72],{"class":71},[61,87258,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87260,244],{"class":75},[61,87262,86397],{"class":112},[61,87264,263],{"class":75},[61,87266,87267,87269,87271,87273],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,87268,130],{"class":129},[61,87270,109],{"class":75},[61,87272,86408],{"class":112},[61,87274,116],{"class":75},[61,87276,87277,87279,87281,87283],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,87278,86487],{"class":86380},[61,87280,244],{"class":75},[61,87282,86555],{"class":112},[61,87284,263],{"class":75},[14,87286,87287],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[47,87289,87291],{"id":87290},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87293,87294,87295,87297],{},"Use mode ",[18,87296,86418],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[408,87299,87301],{"id":87300},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87303,87304,87306],{},[18,87305,86455],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[52,87308,87309],{"className":54,"code":86332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,87310,87311,87353,87367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87312,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87314,86339],{"class":3634},[61,87316,86342],{"class":129},[61,87318,109],{"class":75},[61,87320,816],{"class":190},[61,87322,86349],{"class":194},[61,87324,816],{"class":190},[61,87326,83],{"class":75},[61,87328,522],{"class":190},[61,87330,60259],{"class":194},[61,87332,816],{"class":190},[61,87334,83],{"class":75},[61,87336,86364],{"class":8933},[61,87338,72],{"class":71},[61,87340,816],{"class":190},[61,87342,86371],{"class":194},[61,87344,816],{"class":190},[61,87346,3417],{"class":75},[61,87348,47116],{"class":3634},[61,87350,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87352,6152],{"class":75},[61,87354,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87356,86388],{"class":67},[61,87358,72],{"class":71},[61,87360,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87362,244],{"class":75},[61,87364,86397],{"class":112},[61,87366,263],{"class":75},[61,87368,87369,87371,87373,87375],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,87370,7827],{"class":129},[61,87372,109],{"class":75},[61,87374,86408],{"class":112},[61,87376,116],{"class":75},[408,87378,87380],{"id":87379},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87382,87383,87385],{},[18,87384,86460],{}," reads one line at a time.",[52,87387,87389],{"className":54,"code":87388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[18,87390,87391,87433,87449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87392,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87394,86339],{"class":3634},[61,87396,86342],{"class":129},[61,87398,109],{"class":75},[61,87400,816],{"class":190},[61,87402,86349],{"class":194},[61,87404,816],{"class":190},[61,87406,83],{"class":75},[61,87408,522],{"class":190},[61,87410,60259],{"class":194},[61,87412,816],{"class":190},[61,87414,83],{"class":75},[61,87416,86364],{"class":8933},[61,87418,72],{"class":71},[61,87420,816],{"class":190},[61,87422,86371],{"class":194},[61,87424,816],{"class":190},[61,87426,3417],{"class":75},[61,87428,47116],{"class":3634},[61,87430,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87432,6152],{"class":75},[61,87434,87435,87438,87440,87442,87444,87447],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87436,87437],{"class":67},"    first_line ",[61,87439,72],{"class":71},[61,87441,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87443,244],{"class":75},[61,87445,87446],{"class":112},"readline",[61,87448,263],{"class":75},[61,87450,87451,87453,87455,87458],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,87452,7827],{"class":129},[61,87454,109],{"class":75},[61,87456,87457],{"class":112},"first_line",[61,87459,116],{"class":75},[408,87461,87463],{"id":87462},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87465,87466],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[52,87468,87470],{"className":54,"code":87469,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[18,87471,87472,87514,87528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87473,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494,87496,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508,87510,87512],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87475,86339],{"class":3634},[61,87477,86342],{"class":129},[61,87479,109],{"class":75},[61,87481,816],{"class":190},[61,87483,86349],{"class":194},[61,87485,816],{"class":190},[61,87487,83],{"class":75},[61,87489,522],{"class":190},[61,87491,60259],{"class":194},[61,87493,816],{"class":190},[61,87495,83],{"class":75},[61,87497,86364],{"class":8933},[61,87499,72],{"class":71},[61,87501,816],{"class":190},[61,87503,86371],{"class":194},[61,87505,816],{"class":190},[61,87507,3417],{"class":75},[61,87509,47116],{"class":3634},[61,87511,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87513,6152],{"class":75},[61,87515,87516,87519,87522,87524,87526],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87517,87518],{"class":3634},"    for",[61,87520,87521],{"class":67}," line ",[61,87523,3641],{"class":3634},[61,87525,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87527,6152],{"class":75},[61,87529,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,87531,47096],{"class":129},[61,87533,109],{"class":75},[61,87535,63],{"class":112},[61,87537,244],{"class":75},[61,87539,8393],{"class":112},[61,87541,6955],{"class":75},[14,87543,87544,87545,2638,87549,244],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[235,87546,87548],{"href":87547},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[235,87550,87552],{"href":87551},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[47,87554,87556],{"id":87555},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87558,204,87559,87561],{},[18,87560,86735],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[52,87563,87565],{"className":54,"code":87564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[18,87566,87567,87610,87631],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87568,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588,87590,87592,87594,87596,87598,87600,87602,87604,87606,87608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87570,86339],{"class":3634},[61,87572,86342],{"class":129},[61,87574,109],{"class":75},[61,87576,816],{"class":190},[61,87578,87579],{"class":194},"output.txt",[61,87581,816],{"class":190},[61,87583,83],{"class":75},[61,87585,522],{"class":190},[61,87587,60242],{"class":194},[61,87589,816],{"class":190},[61,87591,83],{"class":75},[61,87593,86364],{"class":8933},[61,87595,72],{"class":71},[61,87597,816],{"class":190},[61,87599,86371],{"class":194},[61,87601,816],{"class":190},[61,87603,3417],{"class":75},[61,87605,47116],{"class":3634},[61,87607,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87609,6152],{"class":75},[61,87611,87612,87614,87616,87618,87620,87622,87625,87627,87629],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87613,86885],{"class":86380},[61,87615,244],{"class":75},[61,87617,69941],{"class":112},[61,87619,109],{"class":75},[61,87621,816],{"class":190},[61,87623,87624],{"class":194},"First line",[61,87626,86898],{"class":34209},[61,87628,816],{"class":190},[61,87630,116],{"class":75},[61,87632,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87646,87648,87650],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,87634,86885],{"class":86380},[61,87636,244],{"class":75},[61,87638,69941],{"class":112},[61,87640,109],{"class":75},[61,87642,816],{"class":190},[61,87644,87645],{"class":194},"Second line",[61,87647,86898],{"class":34209},[61,87649,816],{"class":190},[61,87651,116],{"class":75},[14,87653,204,87654,87656],{},[18,87655,17853],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[52,87658,87660],{"className":54,"code":87659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[18,87661,87662,87704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87663,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87665,86339],{"class":3634},[61,87667,86342],{"class":129},[61,87669,109],{"class":75},[61,87671,816],{"class":190},[61,87673,87579],{"class":194},[61,87675,816],{"class":190},[61,87677,83],{"class":75},[61,87679,522],{"class":190},[61,87681,235],{"class":194},[61,87683,816],{"class":190},[61,87685,83],{"class":75},[61,87687,86364],{"class":8933},[61,87689,72],{"class":71},[61,87691,816],{"class":190},[61,87693,86371],{"class":194},[61,87695,816],{"class":190},[61,87697,3417],{"class":75},[61,87699,47116],{"class":3634},[61,87701,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87703,6152],{"class":75},[61,87705,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714,87716,87719,87721,87723],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87707,86885],{"class":86380},[61,87709,244],{"class":75},[61,87711,69941],{"class":112},[61,87713,109],{"class":75},[61,87715,816],{"class":190},[61,87717,87718],{"class":194},"Third line",[61,87720,86898],{"class":34209},[61,87722,816],{"class":190},[61,87724,116],{"class":75},[14,87726,87727],{},"Important detail:",[26,87729,87730,87735,87742],{},[29,87731,87732,87734],{},[18,87733,86470],{}," writes a string",[29,87736,87737,601,87739,87741],{},[18,87738,86470],{},[603,87740,605],{}," add a newline for you",[29,87743,87744,87745,87197],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[18,87746,86898],{},[14,87748,87749,87750,2638,87754,244],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[235,87751,87753],{"href":87752},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[235,87755,87757],{"href":87756},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[47,87759,87761],{"id":87760},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87763,87764],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[408,87766,87768],{"id":87767},"encodingutf-8",[18,87769,86715],{},[14,87771,87772],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[52,87774,87776],{"className":54,"code":87775,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87777,87778,87821],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87779,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87781,86339],{"class":3634},[61,87783,86342],{"class":129},[61,87785,109],{"class":75},[61,87787,816],{"class":190},[61,87789,87790],{"class":194},"message.txt",[61,87792,816],{"class":190},[61,87794,83],{"class":75},[61,87796,522],{"class":190},[61,87798,60259],{"class":194},[61,87800,816],{"class":190},[61,87802,83],{"class":75},[61,87804,86364],{"class":8933},[61,87806,72],{"class":71},[61,87808,816],{"class":190},[61,87810,86371],{"class":194},[61,87812,816],{"class":190},[61,87814,3417],{"class":75},[61,87816,47116],{"class":3634},[61,87818,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87820,6152],{"class":75},[61,87822,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87824,7827],{"class":129},[61,87826,109],{"class":75},[61,87828,86487],{"class":86380},[61,87830,244],{"class":75},[61,87832,86397],{"class":112},[61,87834,6955],{"class":75},[14,87836,87837],{},"Why it matters:",[26,87839,87840,87843,87846],{},[29,87841,87842],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[29,87844,87845],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[29,87847,87848],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[408,87850,87852],{"id":87851},"newline",[18,87853,87851],{},[14,87855,87856],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,87858,87859],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[408,87861,87863],{"id":87862},"buffering",[18,87864,87862],{},[14,87866,87867],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,87869,87870],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[47,87872,87874],{"id":87873},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,87876,87877],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[408,87879,87881],{"id":87880},"filenotfounderror",[18,87882,87883],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,87885,87886],{},"This happens when:",[26,87888,87889,87892,87895],{},[29,87890,87891],{},"the file does not exist",[29,87893,87894],{},"the path is wrong",[29,87896,87897],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,87899,1109],{},[52,87901,87903],{"className":54,"code":87902,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87904,87905,87948],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87906,87907,87909,87911,87913,87915,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87908,86339],{"class":3634},[61,87910,86342],{"class":129},[61,87912,109],{"class":75},[61,87914,816],{"class":190},[61,87916,87917],{"class":194},"missing.txt",[61,87919,816],{"class":190},[61,87921,83],{"class":75},[61,87923,522],{"class":190},[61,87925,60259],{"class":194},[61,87927,816],{"class":190},[61,87929,83],{"class":75},[61,87931,86364],{"class":8933},[61,87933,72],{"class":71},[61,87935,816],{"class":190},[61,87937,86371],{"class":194},[61,87939,816],{"class":190},[61,87941,3417],{"class":75},[61,87943,47116],{"class":3634},[61,87945,86381],{"class":86380},[61,87947,6152],{"class":75},[61,87949,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,87951,7827],{"class":129},[61,87953,109],{"class":75},[61,87955,86487],{"class":86380},[61,87957,244],{"class":75},[61,87959,86397],{"class":112},[61,87961,6955],{"class":75},[14,87963,87964,87965,4154,87973,244],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[235,87966,87968,87969,87972],{"href":87967},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[61,87970,87971],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[235,87974,87976],{"href":87975},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[408,87978,87980],{"id":87979},"permissionerror",[18,87981,87982],{},"PermissionError",[14,87984,87985],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,87987,87988],{},"Example causes:",[26,87990,87991,87994,87997],{},[29,87992,87993],{},"the file is protected",[29,87995,87996],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[29,87998,87999],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88001,88002,88003],{},"Related page: ",[235,88004,88006,88007,88010],{"href":88005},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[61,88008,88009],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[408,88012,88014],{"id":88013},"isadirectoryerror",[18,88015,88016],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88018,88019],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88021,1109],{},[52,88023,88025],{"className":54,"code":88024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88026,88027,88070],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88028,88029,88031,88033,88035,88037,88040,88042,88044,88046,88048,88050,88052,88054,88056,88058,88060,88062,88064,88066,88068],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88030,86339],{"class":3634},[61,88032,86342],{"class":129},[61,88034,109],{"class":75},[61,88036,816],{"class":190},[61,88038,88039],{"class":194},"my_folder",[61,88041,816],{"class":190},[61,88043,83],{"class":75},[61,88045,522],{"class":190},[61,88047,60259],{"class":194},[61,88049,816],{"class":190},[61,88051,83],{"class":75},[61,88053,86364],{"class":8933},[61,88055,72],{"class":71},[61,88057,816],{"class":190},[61,88059,86371],{"class":194},[61,88061,816],{"class":190},[61,88063,3417],{"class":75},[61,88065,47116],{"class":3634},[61,88067,86381],{"class":86380},[61,88069,6152],{"class":75},[61,88071,88072,88074,88076,88078,88080,88082],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88073,7827],{"class":129},[61,88075,109],{"class":75},[61,88077,86487],{"class":86380},[61,88079,244],{"class":75},[61,88081,86397],{"class":112},[61,88083,6955],{"class":75},[14,88085,88002,88086],{},[235,88087,88089,88090,88093],{"href":88088},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[61,88091,88092],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[408,88095,88097],{"id":88096},"unicodedecodeerror",[18,88098,88099],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88101,88102,88103,244],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[18,88104,86320],{},[14,88106,88002,88107],{},[235,88108,88110],{"href":88109},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[47,88112,88114],{"id":88113},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88116,88117,88118,88120],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[18,88119,86320],{}," function.",[14,88122,88123],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[26,88125,88126,88129,88132,88138],{},[29,88127,88128],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[29,88130,88131],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[29,88133,88134,88135,88137],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[18,88136,86320],{}," itself",[29,88139,88140,88141],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[235,88142,88144],{"href":88143},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[47,88146,2590],{"id":2589},[14,88148,88149,88150,824],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,88151,86320],{},[26,88153,88154,88159,88165,88170,88173,88176],{},[29,88155,8175,88156,88158],{},[18,88157,86418],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[29,88160,88161,88162,88164],{},"Forgetting to use ",[18,88163,86619],{}," for text files",[29,88166,8175,88167,88169],{},[18,88168,86735],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[29,88171,88172],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[29,88174,88175],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[29,88177,88178],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88180,88181],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[52,88183,88185],{"className":54,"code":88184,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[18,88186,88187,88194],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88188,88189,88191],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88190,34846],{"class":3634},[61,88192,88193],{"class":67}," os\n",[61,88195,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204,88207],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88197,130],{"class":129},[61,88199,109],{"class":75},[61,88201,42383],{"class":112},[61,88203,244],{"class":75},[61,88205,88206],{"class":112},"getcwd",[61,88208,6955],{"class":75},[14,88210,88211],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[52,88213,88215],{"className":54,"code":88214,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88216,88217,88223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88218,88219,88221],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88220,34846],{"class":3634},[61,88222,88193],{"class":67},[61,88224,88225,88227,88229,88231,88233,88236,88238,88241,88243,88245,88247,88249],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88226,130],{"class":129},[61,88228,109],{"class":75},[61,88230,42383],{"class":112},[61,88232,244],{"class":75},[61,88234,88235],{"class":24507},"path",[61,88237,244],{"class":75},[61,88239,88240],{"class":112},"exists",[61,88242,109],{"class":75},[61,88244,816],{"class":190},[61,88246,86349],{"class":194},[61,88248,816],{"class":190},[61,88250,154],{"class":75},[14,88252,88253],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[52,88255,88257],{"className":54,"code":88256,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88258,88259,88265],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88260,88261,88263],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88262,34846],{"class":3634},[61,88264,88193],{"class":67},[61,88266,88267,88269,88271,88273,88275,88277,88279,88282,88284,88286,88288,88290],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88268,130],{"class":129},[61,88270,109],{"class":75},[61,88272,42383],{"class":112},[61,88274,244],{"class":75},[61,88276,88235],{"class":24507},[61,88278,244],{"class":75},[61,88280,88281],{"class":112},"isfile",[61,88283,109],{"class":75},[61,88285,816],{"class":190},[61,88287,86349],{"class":194},[61,88289,816],{"class":190},[61,88291,154],{"class":75},[14,88293,88294],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[52,88296,88298],{"className":54,"code":88297,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88299,88300,88342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88301,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316,88318,88320,88322,88324,88326,88328,88330,88332,88334,88336,88338,88340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88303,86339],{"class":3634},[61,88305,86342],{"class":129},[61,88307,109],{"class":75},[61,88309,816],{"class":190},[61,88311,86349],{"class":194},[61,88313,816],{"class":190},[61,88315,83],{"class":75},[61,88317,522],{"class":190},[61,88319,60259],{"class":194},[61,88321,816],{"class":190},[61,88323,83],{"class":75},[61,88325,86364],{"class":8933},[61,88327,72],{"class":71},[61,88329,816],{"class":190},[61,88331,86371],{"class":194},[61,88333,816],{"class":190},[61,88335,3417],{"class":75},[61,88337,47116],{"class":3634},[61,88339,86381],{"class":86380},[61,88341,6152],{"class":75},[61,88343,88344,88346,88348,88350,88352,88354],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88345,7827],{"class":129},[61,88347,109],{"class":75},[61,88349,86487],{"class":86380},[61,88351,244],{"class":75},[61,88353,86397],{"class":112},[61,88355,6955],{"class":75},[14,88357,88358],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[47,88360,1620],{"id":1619},[408,88362,88364],{"id":88363},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88366,88367],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[408,88369,88371],{"id":88370},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88373,88374,88375,88377],{},"Use it inside a ",[18,88376,86339],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[408,88379,4943,88381,4154,88383,88385],{"id":88380},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[18,88382,86735],{},[18,88384,17853],{}," mode?",[14,88387,88388,88390,88391,88393],{},[18,88389,86735],{}," overwrites the file. ",[18,88392,17853],{}," adds new content to the end.",[408,88395,88397],{"id":88396},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88399,88400],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[408,88402,88404],{"id":88403},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88406,88407,88408,88410],{},"It is a good habit. ",[18,88409,86715],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[47,88412,1664],{"id":1663},[26,88414,88415,88419,88423,88427,88431,88435,88439,88445],{},[29,88416,88417],{},[235,88418,87548],{"href":87547},[29,88420,88421],{},[235,88422,87753],{"href":87752},[29,88424,88425],{},[235,88426,87757],{"href":87756},[29,88428,88429],{},[235,88430,87552],{"href":87551},[29,88432,88433],{},[235,88434,88144],{"href":88143},[29,88436,88437],{},[235,88438,87976],{"href":87975},[29,88440,88441],{},[235,88442,87968,88443,87972],{"href":87967},[61,88444,87971],{},[29,88446,88447],{},[235,88448,88006,88449,88010],{"href":88005},[61,88450,88009],{},[1693,88452,88453],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":88455},[88456,88457,88458,88459,88460,88461,88462,88467,88468,88473,88479,88480,88481,88489],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":86422,"depth":97,"text":86423},{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":86719,"depth":97,"text":86720},{"id":86983,"depth":97,"text":86984},{"id":87107,"depth":97,"text":87108},{"id":87290,"depth":97,"text":87291,"children":88463},[88464,88465,88466],{"id":87300,"depth":119,"text":87301},{"id":87379,"depth":119,"text":87380},{"id":87462,"depth":119,"text":87463},{"id":87555,"depth":97,"text":87556},{"id":87760,"depth":97,"text":87761,"children":88469},[88470,88471,88472],{"id":87767,"depth":119,"text":86715},{"id":87851,"depth":119,"text":87851},{"id":87862,"depth":119,"text":87862},{"id":87873,"depth":97,"text":87874,"children":88474},[88475,88476,88477,88478],{"id":87880,"depth":119,"text":87883},{"id":87979,"depth":119,"text":87982},{"id":88013,"depth":119,"text":88016},{"id":88096,"depth":119,"text":88099},{"id":88113,"depth":97,"text":88114},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":88482},[88483,88484,88485,88487,88488],{"id":88363,"depth":119,"text":88364},{"id":88370,"depth":119,"text":88371},{"id":88380,"depth":119,"text":88486},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88396,"depth":119,"text":88397},{"id":88403,"depth":119,"text":88404},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86310,"description":88490},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88497,"title":88498,"body":88499,"description":90494,"extension":1727,"meta":90495,"navigation":122,"path":90496,"seo":90497,"stem":90498,"__hash__":90499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88500,"toc":90441},[88501,88506,88511,88517,88519,88587,88589,88608,88613,88618,88623,88626,88638,88640,88683,88685,88703,88714,88716,88718,88743,88745,88756,88758,88818,88820,88846,88849,88853,88858,88862,88865,88899,88903,88906,88931,88935,88958,88962,88995,89000,89004,89009,89012,89080,89082,89106,89111,89114,89145,89147,89179,89196,89200,89205,89229,89236,89241,89246,89249,89253,89288,89290,89299,89303,89394,89396,89427,89432,89439,89444,89453,89456,89490,89492,89506,89510,89551,89553,89562,89566,89614,89616,89630,89635,89646,89653,89659,89661,89696,89698,89712,89715,89737,89743,89772,89783,89789,89795,89809,89811,89890,89892,89942,89949,89951,89956,89960,89963,89978,89983,89985,90004,90010,90013,90028,90030,90048,90054,90059,90089,90092,90115,90118,90145,90152,90158,90166,90189,90194,90202,90204,90224,90228,90234,90284,90287,90309,90311,90317,90325,90331,90337,90345,90350,90354,90357,90380,90385,90392,90404,90406,90438],[10,88502,3332,88504,3336],{"id":88503},"python-print-function-explained",[18,88505,46210],{},[14,88507,32073,88508,88510],{},[18,88509,46210],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88512,88513,88514,88516],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[18,88515,46210],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[47,88518,50],{"id":49},[52,88520,88522],{"className":54,"code":88521,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[18,88523,88524,88536,88545,88549,88559,88569],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88525,88526,88528,88530,88532,88534],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88527,7634],{"class":67},[61,88529,72],{"class":71},[61,88531,522],{"class":190},[61,88533,7679],{"class":194},[61,88535,528],{"class":190},[61,88537,88538,88540,88542],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88539,21385],{"class":67},[61,88541,72],{"class":71},[61,88543,88544],{"class":79}," 12\n",[61,88546,88547],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,88548,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,88550,88551,88553,88555,88557],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,88552,130],{"class":129},[61,88554,109],{"class":75},[61,88556,819],{"class":112},[61,88558,116],{"class":75},[61,88560,88561,88563,88565,88567],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,88562,130],{"class":129},[61,88564,109],{"class":75},[61,88566,838],{"class":112},[61,88568,116],{"class":75},[61,88570,88571,88573,88575,88577,88579,88581,88583,88585],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,88572,130],{"class":129},[61,88574,109],{"class":75},[61,88576,816],{"class":190},[61,88578,34622],{"class":194},[61,88580,816],{"class":190},[61,88582,83],{"class":75},[61,88584,35748],{"class":112},[61,88586,116],{"class":75},[14,88588,157],{},[52,88590,88592],{"className":54,"code":88591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[18,88593,88594,88599,88603],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88595,88596],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88597,88598],{"class":67},"Mia\n",[61,88600,88601],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88602,1987],{"class":79},[61,88604,88605],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,88606,88607],{"class":67},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88609,204,88610,88612],{},[18,88611,46210],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[47,88614,3435,88616,3438],{"id":88615},"what-print-does",[18,88617,46210],{},[14,88619,88620,88622],{},[18,88621,46210],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88624,88625],{},"You can use it to display:",[26,88627,88628,88630,88632,88635],{},[29,88629,541],{},[29,88631,113],{},[29,88633,88634],{},"variables",[29,88636,88637],{},"expressions",[14,88639,1109],{},[52,88641,88643],{"className":54,"code":88642,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[18,88644,88645,88659,88669],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88646,88647,88649,88651,88653,88655,88657],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88648,130],{"class":129},[61,88650,109],{"class":75},[61,88652,816],{"class":190},[61,88654,34622],{"class":194},[61,88656,816],{"class":190},[61,88658,116],{"class":75},[61,88660,88661,88663,88665,88667],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88662,130],{"class":129},[61,88664,109],{"class":75},[61,88666,645],{"class":79},[61,88668,116],{"class":75},[61,88670,88671,88673,88675,88677,88679,88681],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,88672,130],{"class":129},[61,88674,109],{"class":75},[61,88676,1821],{"class":79},[61,88678,2214],{"class":71},[61,88680,91],{"class":79},[61,88682,116],{"class":75},[14,88684,157],{},[52,88686,88688],{"className":54,"code":88687,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[18,88689,88690,88695,88699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88691,88692],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88693,88694],{"class":67},"Hello\n",[61,88696,88697],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88698,2707],{"class":79},[61,88700,88701],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,88702,2707],{"class":79},[14,88704,88705,88706,88708,88709,88713],{},"A very important detail is that ",[18,88707,46210],{}," ",[603,88710,3450,88711],{},[18,88712,3536],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[47,88715,248],{"id":247},[14,88717,30480],{},[52,88719,88721],{"className":54,"code":88720,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[18,88722,88723],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88724,88725,88727,88729,88732,88734,88737,88739,88741],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88726,130],{"class":129},[61,88728,109],{"class":75},[61,88730,88731],{"class":112},"object1",[61,88733,83],{"class":75},[61,88735,88736],{"class":112}," object2",[61,88738,83],{"class":75},[61,88740,34210],{"class":129},[61,88742,116],{"class":75},[14,88744,79949],{},[26,88746,88747,88750,88753],{},[29,88748,88749],{},"one value",[29,88751,88752],{},"many values",[29,88754,88755],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88757,1109],{},[52,88759,88761],{"className":54,"code":88760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[18,88762,88763,88777,88796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88764,88765,88767,88769,88771,88773,88775],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88766,130],{"class":129},[61,88768,109],{"class":75},[61,88770,816],{"class":190},[61,88772,57527],{"class":194},[61,88774,816],{"class":190},[61,88776,116],{"class":75},[61,88778,88779,88781,88783,88785,88788,88790,88792,88794],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88780,130],{"class":129},[61,88782,109],{"class":75},[61,88784,816],{"class":190},[61,88786,88787],{"class":194},"Score:",[61,88789,816],{"class":190},[61,88791,83],{"class":75},[61,88793,5763],{"class":79},[61,88795,116],{"class":75},[61,88797,88798,88800,88802,88804,88806,88808,88810,88812,88814,88816],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,88799,130],{"class":129},[61,88801,109],{"class":75},[61,88803,816],{"class":190},[61,88805,45321],{"class":194},[61,88807,816],{"class":190},[61,88809,83],{"class":75},[61,88811,693],{"class":79},[61,88813,2214],{"class":71},[61,88815,37400],{"class":79},[61,88817,116],{"class":75},[14,88819,157],{},[52,88821,88823],{"className":54,"code":88822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[18,88824,88825,88829,88838],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88826,88827],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88828,85101],{"class":67},[61,88830,88831,88834,88836],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88832,88833],{"class":67},"Score",[61,88835,824],{"class":75},[61,88837,2346],{"class":79},[61,88839,88840,88842,88844],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,88841,45361],{"class":67},[61,88843,824],{"class":75},[61,88845,2346],{"class":79},[14,88847,88848],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[47,88850,88852],{"id":88851},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,88854,88855,88856,244],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[18,88857,46210],{},[408,88859,88861],{"id":88860},"print-text","Print text",[14,88863,88864],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[52,88866,88868],{"className":54,"code":88867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[18,88869,88870,88884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88871,88872,88874,88876,88878,88880,88882],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88873,130],{"class":129},[61,88875,109],{"class":75},[61,88877,816],{"class":190},[61,88879,34622],{"class":194},[61,88881,816],{"class":190},[61,88883,116],{"class":75},[61,88885,88886,88888,88890,88892,88895,88897],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88887,130],{"class":129},[61,88889,109],{"class":75},[61,88891,816],{"class":190},[61,88893,88894],{"class":194},"Python is fun",[61,88896,816],{"class":190},[61,88898,116],{"class":75},[408,88900,88902],{"id":88901},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,88904,88905],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[52,88907,88909],{"className":54,"code":88908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[18,88910,88911,88921],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88912,88913,88915,88917,88919],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88914,130],{"class":129},[61,88916,109],{"class":75},[61,88918,645],{"class":79},[61,88920,116],{"class":75},[61,88922,88923,88925,88927,88929],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88924,130],{"class":129},[61,88926,109],{"class":75},[61,88928,39900],{"class":79},[61,88930,116],{"class":75},[408,88932,88934],{"id":88933},"print-variables","Print variables",[52,88936,88938],{"className":54,"code":88937,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[18,88939,88940,88948],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88941,88942,88944,88946],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88943,4858],{"class":67},[61,88945,72],{"class":71},[61,88947,13885],{"class":79},[61,88949,88950,88952,88954,88956],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88951,130],{"class":129},[61,88953,109],{"class":75},[61,88955,85265],{"class":112},[61,88957,116],{"class":75},[408,88959,88961],{"id":88960},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[52,88963,88965],{"className":54,"code":88964,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[18,88966,88967,88981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88968,88969,88971,88973,88975,88977,88979],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88970,130],{"class":129},[61,88972,109],{"class":75},[61,88974,1821],{"class":79},[61,88976,2214],{"class":71},[61,88978,91],{"class":79},[61,88980,116],{"class":75},[61,88982,88983,88985,88987,88989,88991,88993],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,88984,130],{"class":129},[61,88986,109],{"class":75},[61,88988,430],{"class":79},[61,88990,82577],{"class":71},[61,88992,693],{"class":79},[61,88994,116],{"class":75},[14,88996,88997,88998,244],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[235,88999,50734],{"href":50733},[47,89001,89003],{"id":89002},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89005,89006,89008],{},[18,89007,46210],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89010,89011],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[52,89013,89015],{"className":54,"code":89014,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89016,89017,89030,89038,89042,89061],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89018,89019,89021,89023,89025,89028],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89020,7634],{"class":67},[61,89022,72],{"class":71},[61,89024,522],{"class":190},[61,89026,89027],{"class":194},"Ava",[61,89029,528],{"class":190},[61,89031,89032,89034,89036],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89033,21385],{"class":67},[61,89035,72],{"class":71},[61,89037,2346],{"class":79},[61,89039,89040],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,89041,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,89043,89044,89046,89048,89050,89053,89055,89057,89059],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,89045,130],{"class":129},[61,89047,109],{"class":75},[61,89049,816],{"class":190},[61,89051,89052],{"class":194},"Name:",[61,89054,816],{"class":190},[61,89056,83],{"class":75},[61,89058,35748],{"class":112},[61,89060,116],{"class":75},[61,89062,89063,89065,89067,89069,89072,89074,89076,89078],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,89064,130],{"class":129},[61,89066,109],{"class":75},[61,89068,816],{"class":190},[61,89070,89071],{"class":194},"Age:",[61,89073,816],{"class":190},[61,89075,83],{"class":75},[61,89077,8946],{"class":112},[61,89079,116],{"class":75},[14,89081,157],{},[52,89083,89085],{"className":54,"code":89084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[18,89086,89087,89097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89088,89089,89092,89094],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89090,89091],{"class":67},"Name",[61,89093,824],{"class":75},[61,89095,89096],{"class":67}," Ava\n",[61,89098,89099,89102,89104],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89100,89101],{"class":67},"Age",[61,89103,824],{"class":75},[61,89105,2346],{"class":79},[14,89107,89108,89109,244],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[18,89110,1824],{},[14,89112,89113],{},"For example, this works:",[52,89115,89117],{"className":54,"code":89116,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89118,89119,89127],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89120,89121,89123,89125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89122,21385],{"class":67},[61,89124,72],{"class":71},[61,89126,2346],{"class":79},[61,89128,89129,89131,89133,89135,89137,89139,89141,89143],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89130,130],{"class":129},[61,89132,109],{"class":75},[61,89134,816],{"class":190},[61,89136,89071],{"class":194},[61,89138,816],{"class":190},[61,89140,83],{"class":75},[61,89142,8946],{"class":112},[61,89144,116],{"class":75},[14,89146,36683],{},[52,89148,89150],{"className":54,"code":89149,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[18,89151,89152,89160],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89153,89154,89156,89158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89155,21385],{"class":67},[61,89157,72],{"class":71},[61,89159,2346],{"class":79},[61,89161,89162,89164,89166,89168,89171,89173,89175,89177],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89163,130],{"class":129},[61,89165,109],{"class":75},[61,89167,816],{"class":190},[61,89169,89170],{"class":194},"Age: ",[61,89172,816],{"class":190},[61,89174,2214],{"class":71},[61,89176,8946],{"class":112},[61,89178,116],{"class":75},[14,89180,89181,89182,89185,89186,89188,89189,89191,89192,244],{},"That fails because ",[18,89183,89184],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[18,89187,838],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[18,89190,1824],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[235,89193,89194],{"href":41932},[18,89195,47442],{},[47,89197,89199],{"id":89198},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89201,89202,89204],{},[18,89203,46210],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[26,89206,89207,89213,89218,89223],{},[29,89208,89209,89212],{},[18,89210,89211],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[29,89214,89215,89217],{},[18,89216,52418],{}," controls what is added after the output",[29,89219,89220,89222],{},[18,89221,86487],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[29,89224,89225,89228],{},[18,89226,89227],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89230,89231,89232,4154,89234,244],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[18,89233,89211],{},[18,89235,52418],{},[47,89237,89239,36372],{"id":89238},"sep-argument",[18,89240,89211],{},[14,89242,1744,89243,89245],{},[18,89244,89211],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89247,89248],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[408,89250,89252],{"id":89251},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[52,89254,89256],{"className":54,"code":89255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[18,89257,89258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89259,89260,89262,89264,89266,89268,89270,89272,89274,89276,89278,89280,89282,89284,89286],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89261,130],{"class":129},[61,89263,109],{"class":75},[61,89265,816],{"class":190},[61,89267,12848],{"class":194},[61,89269,816],{"class":190},[61,89271,83],{"class":75},[61,89273,522],{"class":190},[61,89275,17212],{"class":194},[61,89277,816],{"class":190},[61,89279,83],{"class":75},[61,89281,522],{"class":190},[61,89283,12865],{"class":194},[61,89285,816],{"class":190},[61,89287,116],{"class":75},[14,89289,157],{},[52,89291,89293],{"className":54,"code":89292,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red green blue\n",[18,89294,89295],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89296,89297],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89298,89292],{"class":67},[408,89300,89302],{"id":89301},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[52,89304,89306],{"className":54,"code":89305,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[18,89307,89308,89351],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89309,89310,89312,89314,89316,89318,89320,89322,89324,89326,89328,89330,89332,89334,89336,89338,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89311,130],{"class":129},[61,89313,109],{"class":75},[61,89315,816],{"class":190},[61,89317,12848],{"class":194},[61,89319,816],{"class":190},[61,89321,83],{"class":75},[61,89323,522],{"class":190},[61,89325,17212],{"class":194},[61,89327,816],{"class":190},[61,89329,83],{"class":75},[61,89331,522],{"class":190},[61,89333,12865],{"class":194},[61,89335,816],{"class":190},[61,89337,83],{"class":75},[61,89339,89340],{"class":8933}," sep",[61,89342,72],{"class":71},[61,89344,816],{"class":190},[61,89346,83],{"class":194},[61,89348,816],{"class":190},[61,89350,116],{"class":75},[61,89352,89353,89355,89357,89359,89361,89363,89365,89367,89369,89371,89373,89375,89377,89379,89381,89383,89385,89387,89390,89392],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89354,130],{"class":129},[61,89356,109],{"class":75},[61,89358,816],{"class":190},[61,89360,12848],{"class":194},[61,89362,816],{"class":190},[61,89364,83],{"class":75},[61,89366,522],{"class":190},[61,89368,17212],{"class":194},[61,89370,816],{"class":190},[61,89372,83],{"class":75},[61,89374,522],{"class":190},[61,89376,12865],{"class":194},[61,89378,816],{"class":190},[61,89380,83],{"class":75},[61,89382,89340],{"class":8933},[61,89384,72],{"class":71},[61,89386,816],{"class":190},[61,89388,89389],{"class":194}," - ",[61,89391,816],{"class":190},[61,89393,116],{"class":75},[14,89395,157],{},[52,89397,89399],{"className":54,"code":89398,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[18,89400,89401,89413],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89402,89403,89405,89407,89409,89411],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89404,12848],{"class":67},[61,89406,83],{"class":75},[61,89408,17212],{"class":67},[61,89410,83],{"class":75},[61,89412,69727],{"class":67},[61,89414,89415,89418,89420,89423,89425],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89416,89417],{"class":67},"red ",[61,89419,1786],{"class":71},[61,89421,89422],{"class":67}," green ",[61,89424,1786],{"class":71},[61,89426,35637],{"class":67},[14,89428,89429,89431],{},[18,89430,89211],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89433,89434,89435,244],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[235,89436,89438],{"href":89437},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[47,89440,89442,36372],{"id":89441},"end-argument",[18,89443,52418],{},[14,89445,89446,89447,89449,89450,89452],{},"By default, ",[18,89448,46210],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[18,89451,46210],{}," starts on a new line.",[408,89454,89252],{"id":89455},"default-behavior-1",[52,89457,89459],{"className":54,"code":89458,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89460,89461,89475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89462,89463,89465,89467,89469,89471,89473],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89464,130],{"class":129},[61,89466,109],{"class":75},[61,89468,816],{"class":190},[61,89470,34622],{"class":194},[61,89472,816],{"class":190},[61,89474,116],{"class":75},[61,89476,89477,89479,89481,89483,89486,89488],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89478,130],{"class":129},[61,89480,109],{"class":75},[61,89482,816],{"class":190},[61,89484,89485],{"class":194},"World",[61,89487,816],{"class":190},[61,89489,116],{"class":75},[14,89491,157],{},[52,89493,89495],{"className":54,"code":89494,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello\nWorld\n",[18,89496,89497,89501],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89498,89499],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89500,88694],{"class":67},[61,89502,89503],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89504,89505],{"class":67},"World\n",[408,89507,89509],{"id":89508},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[52,89511,89513],{"className":54,"code":89512,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89514,89515,89537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89516,89517,89519,89521,89523,89525,89527,89529,89531,89533,89535],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89518,130],{"class":129},[61,89520,109],{"class":75},[61,89522,816],{"class":190},[61,89524,34622],{"class":194},[61,89526,816],{"class":190},[61,89528,83],{"class":75},[61,89530,64786],{"class":8933},[61,89532,72],{"class":71},[61,89534,6031],{"class":190},[61,89536,116],{"class":75},[61,89538,89539,89541,89543,89545,89547,89549],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89540,130],{"class":129},[61,89542,109],{"class":75},[61,89544,816],{"class":190},[61,89546,89485],{"class":194},[61,89548,816],{"class":190},[61,89550,116],{"class":75},[14,89552,157],{},[52,89554,89556],{"className":54,"code":89555,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HelloWorld\n",[18,89557,89558],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89559,89560],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89561,89555],{"class":67},[408,89563,89565],{"id":89564},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[52,89567,89569],{"className":54,"code":89568,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89570,89571,89600],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89572,89573,89575,89577,89579,89581,89583,89585,89587,89589,89591,89594,89596,89598],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89574,130],{"class":129},[61,89576,109],{"class":75},[61,89578,816],{"class":190},[61,89580,34622],{"class":194},[61,89582,816],{"class":190},[61,89584,83],{"class":75},[61,89586,64786],{"class":8933},[61,89588,72],{"class":71},[61,89590,816],{"class":190},[61,89592,89593],{"class":194},"!",[61,89595,86898],{"class":34209},[61,89597,816],{"class":190},[61,89599,116],{"class":75},[61,89601,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89603,130],{"class":129},[61,89605,109],{"class":75},[61,89607,816],{"class":190},[61,89609,89485],{"class":194},[61,89611,816],{"class":190},[61,89613,116],{"class":75},[14,89615,157],{},[52,89617,89619],{"className":54,"code":89618,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[18,89620,89621,89626],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89622,89623],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89624,89625],{"class":67},"Hello!\n",[61,89627,89628],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89629,89505],{"class":67},[14,89631,1744,89632,89634],{},[18,89633,52418],{}," argument is useful for:",[26,89636,89637,89640,89643],{},[29,89638,89639],{},"progress messages",[29,89641,89642],{},"inline output",[29,89644,89645],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[47,89647,89649,2158,89651],{"id":89648},"print-returns-none",[18,89650,46210],{},[18,89652,3536],{},[14,89654,89655,89656,89658],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,89657,46210],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89660,1109],{},[52,89662,89664],{"className":54,"code":89663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,89665,89666,89686],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89667,89668,89670,89672,89675,89677,89679,89682,89684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89669,100],{"class":67},[61,89671,72],{"class":71},[61,89673,89674],{"class":129}," print",[61,89676,109],{"class":75},[61,89678,816],{"class":190},[61,89680,89681],{"class":194},"Hi",[61,89683,816],{"class":190},[61,89685,116],{"class":75},[61,89687,89688,89690,89692,89694],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89689,130],{"class":129},[61,89691,109],{"class":75},[61,89693,135],{"class":112},[61,89695,116],{"class":75},[14,89697,157],{},[52,89699,89701],{"className":54,"code":89700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hi\nNone\n",[18,89702,89703,89708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89704,89705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89706,89707],{"class":67},"Hi\n",[61,89709,89710],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89711,11562],{"class":3609},[14,89713,89714],{},"Why does this happen?",[26,89716,89717,89725,89730],{},[29,89718,89719,89722,89723],{},[18,89720,89721],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[18,89724,89681],{},[29,89726,89727,89728],{},"but the function itself returns ",[18,89729,3536],{},[29,89731,89732,89733,11674,89735],{},"so ",[18,89734,135],{},[18,89736,3536],{},[14,89738,89739,89740,89742],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[18,89741,46210],{}," call.",[52,89744,89746],{"className":54,"code":89745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,89747,89748,89761],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89749,89750,89753,89755,89757,89759],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89751,89752],{"class":67},"message ",[61,89754,72],{"class":71},[61,89756,522],{"class":190},[61,89758,89681],{"class":194},[61,89760,528],{"class":190},[61,89762,89763,89765,89767,89770],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89764,130],{"class":129},[61,89766,109],{"class":75},[61,89768,89769],{"class":112},"message",[61,89771,116],{"class":75},[14,89773,89774,89775,89777,89778,89782],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[18,89776,46210],{}," with functions like ",[235,89779,89780],{"href":7976},[18,89781,2718],{},", which do return a value.",[47,89784,89786,89787],{"id":89785},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[18,89788,46210],{},[14,89790,89791,89792,89794],{},"Beginners use ",[18,89793,46210],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[26,89796,89797,89800,89803,89806],{},[29,89798,89799],{},"to display results to the user",[29,89801,89802],{},"to show messages in a script",[29,89804,89805],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[29,89807,89808],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,89810,1109],{},[52,89812,89814],{"className":54,"code":89813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[18,89815,89816,89824,89828,89848,89859],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89817,89818,89820,89822],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89819,40939],{"class":67},[61,89821,72],{"class":71},[61,89823,38269],{"class":79},[61,89825,89826],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89827,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,89829,89830,89832,89834,89836,89838,89840,89842,89844,89846],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,89831,5717],{"class":3634},[61,89833,6145],{"class":67},[61,89835,3641],{"class":3634},[61,89837,53828],{"class":129},[61,89839,109],{"class":75},[61,89841,80],{"class":79},[61,89843,83],{"class":75},[61,89845,693],{"class":79},[61,89847,8099],{"class":75},[61,89849,89850,89853,89856],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,89851,89852],{"class":67},"    total ",[61,89854,89855],{"class":71},"+=",[61,89857,89858],{"class":67}," number\n",[61,89860,89861,89863,89865,89867,89870,89872,89874,89876,89878,89880,89882,89884,89886,89888],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,89862,7827],{"class":129},[61,89864,109],{"class":75},[61,89866,816],{"class":190},[61,89868,89869],{"class":194},"Current number:",[61,89871,816],{"class":190},[61,89873,83],{"class":75},[61,89875,1959],{"class":112},[61,89877,83],{"class":75},[61,89879,522],{"class":190},[61,89881,45321],{"class":194},[61,89883,816],{"class":190},[61,89885,83],{"class":75},[61,89887,45328],{"class":112},[61,89889,116],{"class":75},[14,89891,157],{},[52,89893,89895],{"className":54,"code":89894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[18,89896,89897,89913,89927],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89898,89899,89902,89904,89906,89909,89911],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89900,89901],{"class":67},"Current number",[61,89903,824],{"class":75},[61,89905,680],{"class":79},[61,89907,89908],{"class":67}," Total",[61,89910,824],{"class":75},[61,89912,29372],{"class":79},[61,89914,89915,89917,89919,89921,89923,89925],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,89916,89901],{"class":67},[61,89918,824],{"class":75},[61,89920,86],{"class":79},[61,89922,89908],{"class":67},[61,89924,824],{"class":75},[61,89926,2336],{"class":79},[61,89928,89929,89931,89933,89935,89937,89939],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,89930,89901],{"class":67},[61,89932,824],{"class":75},[61,89934,91],{"class":79},[61,89936,89908],{"class":67},[61,89938,824],{"class":75},[61,89940,89941],{"class":79}," 6\n",[14,89943,89944,89945,244],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[235,89946,89948],{"href":89947},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[47,89950,2590],{"id":2589},[14,89952,89953,89954,244],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[18,89955,46210],{},[408,89957,89959],{"id":89958},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,89961,89962],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[52,89964,89966],{"className":54,"code":89965,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(Hello)\n",[18,89967,89968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89969,89970,89972,89974,89976],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89971,130],{"class":129},[61,89973,109],{"class":75},[61,89975,34622],{"class":112},[61,89977,116],{"class":75},[14,89979,8634,89980,89982],{},[18,89981,34622],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,89984,10559],{},[52,89986,89988],{"className":54,"code":89987,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,89989,89990],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89991,89992,89994,89996,89998,90000,90002],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89993,130],{"class":129},[61,89995,109],{"class":75},[61,89997,816],{"class":190},[61,89999,34622],{"class":194},[61,90001,816],{"class":190},[61,90003,116],{"class":75},[408,90005,8175,90007,90009],{"id":90006},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[18,90008,130],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90011,90012],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[52,90014,90016],{"className":54,"code":90015,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print \"Hello\"\n",[18,90017,90018],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90019,90020,90022,90024,90026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90021,130],{"class":129},[61,90023,522],{"class":190},[61,90025,34622],{"class":194},[61,90027,528],{"class":190},[14,90029,10559],{},[52,90031,90032],{"className":54,"code":89987,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,90033,90034],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90035,90036,90038,90040,90042,90044,90046],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90037,130],{"class":129},[61,90039,109],{"class":75},[61,90041,816],{"class":190},[61,90043,34622],{"class":194},[61,90045,816],{"class":190},[61,90047,116],{"class":75},[408,90049,90051,90052],{"id":90050},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[18,90053,1824],{},[14,90055,90056,90057,244],{},"This causes a ",[18,90058,1272],{},[52,90060,90061],{"className":54,"code":89149,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,90062,90063,90071],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90064,90065,90067,90069],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90066,21385],{"class":67},[61,90068,72],{"class":71},[61,90070,2346],{"class":79},[61,90072,90073,90075,90077,90079,90081,90083,90085,90087],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90074,130],{"class":129},[61,90076,109],{"class":75},[61,90078,816],{"class":190},[61,90080,89170],{"class":194},[61,90082,816],{"class":190},[61,90084,2214],{"class":71},[61,90086,8946],{"class":112},[61,90088,116],{"class":75},[14,90090,90091],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[52,90093,90095],{"className":54,"code":90094,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,90096,90097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90098,90099,90101,90103,90105,90107,90109,90111,90113],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90100,130],{"class":129},[61,90102,109],{"class":75},[61,90104,816],{"class":190},[61,90106,89071],{"class":194},[61,90108,816],{"class":190},[61,90110,83],{"class":75},[61,90112,8946],{"class":112},[61,90114,116],{"class":75},[14,90116,90117],{},"Or convert the number first:",[52,90119,90121],{"className":54,"code":90120,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[18,90122,90123],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90124,90125,90127,90129,90131,90133,90135,90137,90139,90141,90143],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90126,130],{"class":129},[61,90128,109],{"class":75},[61,90130,816],{"class":190},[61,90132,89170],{"class":194},[61,90134,816],{"class":190},[61,90136,2214],{"class":71},[61,90138,48663],{"class":105},[61,90140,109],{"class":75},[61,90142,838],{"class":112},[61,90144,154],{"class":75},[14,90146,90147,90148,244],{},"If you see this error, read ",[235,90149,90151],{"href":90150},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[408,90153,8211,90155,90157],{"id":90154},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[18,90156,46210],{}," to return a value",[14,90159,90160,90161,35085,90164,824],{},"This does not store ",[18,90162,90163],{},"\"Hello\"",[18,90165,135],{},[52,90167,90169],{"className":54,"code":90168,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90170,90171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90172,90173,90175,90177,90179,90181,90183,90185,90187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90174,100],{"class":67},[61,90176,72],{"class":71},[61,90178,89674],{"class":129},[61,90180,109],{"class":75},[61,90182,816],{"class":190},[61,90184,34622],{"class":194},[61,90186,816],{"class":190},[61,90188,116],{"class":75},[14,90190,90191,90192,244],{},"It stores ",[18,90193,3536],{},[408,90195,90197,90198,4154,90200],{"id":90196},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[18,90199,89211],{},[18,90201,52418],{},[14,90203,85557],{},[26,90205,90206,90215],{},[29,90207,90208,90210,90211,90214],{},[18,90209,89211],{}," changes what goes ",[603,90212,90213],{},"between"," multiple values",[29,90216,90217,90219,90220,90223],{},[18,90218,52418],{}," changes what appears ",[603,90221,90222],{},"after"," the output",[47,90225,90227],{"id":90226},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90229,90230,90231,90233],{},"These simple ",[18,90232,46210],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[52,90235,90237],{"className":54,"code":90236,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[18,90238,90239,90259,90274],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90240,90241,90243,90245,90247,90250,90252,90254,90257],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90242,130],{"class":129},[61,90244,109],{"class":75},[61,90246,816],{"class":190},[61,90248,90249],{"class":194},"Debug:",[61,90251,816],{"class":190},[61,90253,83],{"class":75},[61,90255,90256],{"class":112}," variable_name",[61,90258,116],{"class":75},[61,90260,90261,90263,90265,90267,90269,90272],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90262,130],{"class":129},[61,90264,109],{"class":75},[61,90266,147],{"class":105},[61,90268,109],{"class":75},[61,90270,90271],{"class":112},"variable_name",[61,90273,154],{"class":75},[61,90275,90276,90278,90280,90282],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,90277,31908],{"class":129},[61,90279,109],{"class":75},[61,90281,130],{"class":129},[61,90283,116],{"class":75},[14,90285,90286],{},"What they do:",[26,90288,90289,90295,90301],{},[29,90290,90291,90294],{},[18,90292,90293],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[29,90296,90297,90300],{},[18,90298,90299],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[29,90302,90303,90306,90307],{},[18,90304,90305],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[18,90308,46210],{},[47,90310,1620],{"id":1619},[408,90312,12459,90314,90316],{"id":90313},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[18,90315,46210],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90318,90319,90320,90322,90323,36378],{},"Yes. By default, ",[18,90321,46210],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[18,90324,52418],{},[408,90326,4933,90328,90330],{"id":90327},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[18,90329,46210],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90332,90333,90334,90336],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[18,90335,46210],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[408,90338,4921,90340,4924,90343,2251],{"id":90339},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[18,90341,90342],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[18,90344,3536],{},[14,90346,28818,90347,90349],{},[18,90348,46210],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[408,90351,90353],{"id":90352},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90355,90356],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[52,90358,90360],{"className":54,"code":90359,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[18,90361,90362],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90363,90364,90366,90368,90370,90372,90374,90376,90378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90365,130],{"class":129},[61,90367,109],{"class":75},[61,90369,816],{"class":190},[61,90371,89071],{"class":194},[61,90373,816],{"class":190},[61,90375,83],{"class":75},[61,90377,5763],{"class":79},[61,90379,116],{"class":75},[14,90381,90382,90383,39686],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[18,90384,47442],{},[408,90386,4943,90388,4154,90390,2251],{"id":90387},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[18,90389,89211],{},[18,90391,52418],{},[26,90393,90394,90399],{},[29,90395,90396,90398],{},[18,90397,89211],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[29,90400,90401,90403],{},[18,90402,52418],{}," changes what appears after the output",[47,90405,1664],{"id":1663},[26,90407,90408,90412,90418,90424,90429,90434],{},[29,90409,90410],{},[235,90411,50734],{"href":50733},[29,90413,90414],{},[235,90415,3332,90416,3265],{"href":7976},[18,90417,2718],{},[29,90419,90420],{},[235,90421,3332,90422,3265],{"href":41932},[18,90423,47442],{},[29,90425,90426],{},[235,90427,90428],{"href":89437},"How to format strings in Python",[29,90430,90431],{},[235,90432,90433],{"href":89947},"How to debug Python code",[29,90435,90436],{},[235,90437,90151],{"href":90150},[1693,90439,90440],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":90442},[90443,90444,90446,90447,90453,90454,90455,90460,90466,90468,90470,90481,90482,90493],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":88615,"depth":97,"text":90445},"What print() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":88851,"depth":97,"text":88852,"children":90448},[90449,90450,90451,90452],{"id":88860,"depth":119,"text":88861},{"id":88901,"depth":119,"text":88902},{"id":88933,"depth":119,"text":88934},{"id":88960,"depth":119,"text":88961},{"id":89002,"depth":97,"text":89003},{"id":89198,"depth":97,"text":89199},{"id":89238,"depth":97,"text":90456,"children":90457},"sep argument",[90458,90459],{"id":89251,"depth":119,"text":89252},{"id":89301,"depth":119,"text":89302},{"id":89441,"depth":97,"text":90461,"children":90462},"end argument",[90463,90464,90465],{"id":89455,"depth":119,"text":89252},{"id":89508,"depth":119,"text":89509},{"id":89564,"depth":119,"text":89565},{"id":89648,"depth":97,"text":90467},"print() returns None",{"id":89785,"depth":97,"text":90469},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":90471},[90472,90473,90475,90477,90479],{"id":89958,"depth":119,"text":89959},{"id":90006,"depth":119,"text":90474},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90050,"depth":119,"text":90476},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90154,"depth":119,"text":90478},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90196,"depth":119,"text":90480},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90226,"depth":97,"text":90227},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":90483},[90484,90486,90488,90490,90491],{"id":90313,"depth":119,"text":90485},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90327,"depth":119,"text":90487},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90339,"depth":119,"text":90489},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90352,"depth":119,"text":90353},{"id":90387,"depth":119,"text":90492},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88498,"description":90494},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90501,"title":90502,"body":90503,"description":92807,"extension":1727,"meta":92808,"navigation":122,"path":92809,"seo":92810,"stem":92811,"__hash__":92812},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90504,"toc":92753},[90505,90510,90515,90528,90530,90595,90606,90611,90616,90618,90641,90644,90675,90677,90694,90699,90705,90710,90759,90762,90779,90785,90790,90813,90815,90843,90849,90857,90884,90886,90911,90917,90920,90951,90953,90982,90986,90989,90994,91016,91018,91046,91052,91058,91084,91086,91110,91116,91122,91152,91154,91182,91192,91196,91202,91235,91237,91266,91269,91272,91305,91307,91315,91321,91323,91346,91351,91360,91365,91379,91381,91421,91423,91453,91457,91492,91498,91502,91546,91548,91578,91584,91587,91666,91668,91690,91698,91701,91764,91772,91847,91853,91860,91865,91870,91893,91895,91916,91918,91931,91933,91980,91982,92021,92030,92032,92036,92040,92043,92070,92073,92102,92105,92129,92132,92140,92146,92168,92170,92198,92202,92207,92262,92267,92269,92326,92333,92342,92345,92377,92379,92387,92390,92396,92398,92421,92424,92430,92433,92452,92454,92473,92476,92498,92500,92528,92532,92536,92641,92643,92656,92658,92664,92667,92675,92680,92686,92692,92697,92705,92711,92718,92720,92750],[10,90506,3332,90508,3336],{"id":90507},"python-range-function-explained",[18,90509,618],{},[14,90511,32073,90512,90514],{},[18,90513,618],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90516,90517,90518,90520,90521,90523,90524,90527],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[18,90519,5717],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[18,90522,618],{}," stops ",[603,90525,90526],{},"before"," the end value.",[47,90529,50],{"id":49},[52,90531,90533],{"className":54,"code":90532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[18,90534,90535,90551,90561,90565,90570,90575,90580,90585,90590],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90536,90537,90539,90541,90543,90545,90547,90549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90538,5717],{"class":3634},[61,90540,69294],{"class":67},[61,90542,3641],{"class":3634},[61,90544,53828],{"class":129},[61,90546,109],{"class":75},[61,90548,645],{"class":79},[61,90550,8099],{"class":75},[61,90552,90553,90555,90557,90559],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90554,7827],{"class":129},[61,90556,109],{"class":75},[61,90558,35911],{"class":112},[61,90560,116],{"class":75},[61,90562,90563],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,90564,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,90566,90567],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,90568,90569],{"class":3420},"# Output:\n",[61,90571,90572],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,90573,90574],{"class":3420},"# 0\n",[61,90576,90577],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,90578,90579],{"class":3420},"# 1\n",[61,90581,90582],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,90583,90584],{"class":3420},"# 2\n",[61,90586,90587],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,90588,90589],{"class":3420},"# 3\n",[61,90591,90592],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,90593,90594],{"class":3420},"# 4\n",[14,90596,90597,90600,90601,90603,90604,244],{},[18,90598,90599],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[18,90602,675],{}," and stopping before ",[18,90605,645],{},[47,90607,3435,90609,3438],{"id":90608},"what-range-does",[18,90610,618],{},[14,90612,90613,90615],{},[18,90614,618],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90617,12807],{},[26,90619,90620,90625,90631,90636],{},[29,90621,90622,90624],{},[18,90623,618],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[29,90626,90627,90628,90630],{},"It is commonly used with ",[18,90629,5717],{}," loops",[29,90632,90633,90634],{},"The stop value is ",[603,90635,64815],{},[29,90637,17178,90638,90640],{},[18,90639,640],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90642,90643],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[52,90645,90647],{"className":54,"code":90646,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[18,90648,90649,90665],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90650,90651,90653,90655,90657,90659,90661,90663],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90652,5717],{"class":3634},[61,90654,6145],{"class":67},[61,90656,3641],{"class":3634},[61,90658,53828],{"class":129},[61,90660,109],{"class":75},[61,90662,1827],{"class":79},[61,90664,8099],{"class":75},[61,90666,90667,90669,90671,90673],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90668,7827],{"class":129},[61,90670,109],{"class":75},[61,90672,2001],{"class":112},[61,90674,116],{"class":75},[14,90676,157],{},[52,90678,90680],{"className":54,"code":90679,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0\n1\n2\n",[18,90681,90682,90686,90690],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90683,90684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90685,47010],{"class":79},[61,90687,90688],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90689,46675],{"class":79},[61,90691,90692],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,90693,16813],{"class":79},[14,90695,90696,90697,244],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[235,90698,35785],{"href":35784},[47,90700,90702,90704],{"id":90701},"range-syntax",[18,90703,618],{}," syntax",[14,90706,90707,90709],{},[18,90708,618],{}," has three common forms:",[52,90711,90713],{"className":54,"code":90712,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[18,90714,90715,90725,90740],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90716,90717,90719,90721,90723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90718,640],{"class":129},[61,90720,109],{"class":75},[61,90722,75172],{"class":112},[61,90724,116],{"class":75},[61,90726,90727,90729,90731,90733,90735,90738],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,90728,640],{"class":129},[61,90730,109],{"class":75},[61,90732,35829],{"class":112},[61,90734,83],{"class":75},[61,90736,90737],{"class":112}," stop",[61,90739,116],{"class":75},[61,90741,90742,90744,90746,90748,90750,90752,90754,90757],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,90743,640],{"class":129},[61,90745,109],{"class":75},[61,90747,35829],{"class":112},[61,90749,83],{"class":75},[61,90751,90737],{"class":112},[61,90753,83],{"class":75},[61,90755,90756],{"class":112}," step",[61,90758,116],{"class":75},[14,90760,90761],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[26,90763,90764,90769,90774],{},[29,90765,90766,90768],{},[18,90767,35829],{}," = first number",[29,90770,90771,90773],{},[18,90772,75172],{}," = end limit, not included",[29,90775,90776,90778],{},[18,90777,75175],{}," = amount to move each time",[408,90780,90782],{"id":90781},"rangestop",[18,90783,90784],{},"range(stop)",[14,90786,90787,90788,244],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,90789,675],{},[52,90791,90793],{"className":54,"code":90792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[18,90794,90795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90796,90797,90799,90801,90803,90805,90807,90809,90811],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90798,130],{"class":129},[61,90800,109],{"class":75},[61,90802,7852],{"class":105},[61,90804,109],{"class":75},[61,90806,640],{"class":129},[61,90808,109],{"class":75},[61,90810,645],{"class":79},[61,90812,2672],{"class":75},[14,90814,157],{},[52,90816,90817],{"className":54,"code":59780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,90818,90819],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90820,90821,90823,90825,90827,90829,90831,90833,90835,90837,90839,90841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90822,3658],{"class":75},[61,90824,675],{"class":79},[61,90826,83],{"class":75},[61,90828,680],{"class":79},[61,90830,83],{"class":75},[61,90832,86],{"class":79},[61,90834,83],{"class":75},[61,90836,91],{"class":79},[61,90838,83],{"class":75},[61,90840,693],{"class":79},[61,90842,94],{"class":75},[408,90844,90846],{"id":90845},"rangestart-stop",[18,90847,90848],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,90850,90851,90852,90854,90855,244],{},"This starts at ",[18,90853,35829],{}," and stops before ",[18,90856,75172],{},[52,90858,90860],{"className":54,"code":90859,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[18,90861,90862],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90863,90864,90866,90868,90870,90872,90874,90876,90878,90880,90882],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90865,130],{"class":129},[61,90867,109],{"class":75},[61,90869,7852],{"class":105},[61,90871,109],{"class":75},[61,90873,640],{"class":129},[61,90875,109],{"class":75},[61,90877,1821],{"class":79},[61,90879,83],{"class":75},[61,90881,37400],{"class":79},[61,90883,2672],{"class":75},[14,90885,157],{},[52,90887,90889],{"className":54,"code":90888,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,90890,90891],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90892,90893,90895,90897,90899,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90894,3658],{"class":75},[61,90896,1821],{"class":79},[61,90898,83],{"class":75},[61,90900,91],{"class":79},[61,90902,83],{"class":75},[61,90904,693],{"class":79},[61,90906,83],{"class":75},[61,90908,4367],{"class":79},[61,90910,94],{"class":75},[408,90912,90914],{"id":90913},"rangestart-stop-step",[18,90915,90916],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,90918,90919],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[52,90921,90923],{"className":54,"code":90922,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[18,90924,90925],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90926,90927,90929,90931,90933,90935,90937,90939,90941,90943,90945,90947,90949],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90928,130],{"class":129},[61,90930,109],{"class":75},[61,90932,7852],{"class":105},[61,90934,109],{"class":75},[61,90936,640],{"class":129},[61,90938,109],{"class":75},[61,90940,80],{"class":79},[61,90942,83],{"class":75},[61,90944,5763],{"class":79},[61,90946,83],{"class":75},[61,90948,86],{"class":79},[61,90950,2672],{"class":75},[14,90952,157],{},[52,90954,90956],{"className":54,"code":90955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[18,90957,90958],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90959,90960,90962,90964,90966,90968,90970,90972,90974,90976,90978,90980],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90961,3658],{"class":75},[61,90963,80],{"class":79},[61,90965,83],{"class":75},[61,90967,91],{"class":79},[61,90969,83],{"class":75},[61,90971,4367],{"class":79},[61,90973,83],{"class":75},[61,90975,1134],{"class":79},[61,90977,83],{"class":75},[61,90979,53894],{"class":79},[61,90981,94],{"class":75},[47,90983,90985],{"id":90984},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,90987,90988],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[408,90990,90992],{"id":90991},"range5",[18,90993,90599],{},[52,90995,90996],{"className":54,"code":90792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,90997,90998],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90999,91000,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91001,130],{"class":129},[61,91003,109],{"class":75},[61,91005,7852],{"class":105},[61,91007,109],{"class":75},[61,91009,640],{"class":129},[61,91011,109],{"class":75},[61,91013,645],{"class":79},[61,91015,2672],{"class":75},[14,91017,157],{},[52,91019,91020],{"className":54,"code":59780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91021,91022],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91023,91024,91026,91028,91030,91032,91034,91036,91038,91040,91042,91044],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91025,3658],{"class":75},[61,91027,675],{"class":79},[61,91029,83],{"class":75},[61,91031,680],{"class":79},[61,91033,83],{"class":75},[61,91035,86],{"class":79},[61,91037,83],{"class":75},[61,91039,91],{"class":79},[61,91041,83],{"class":75},[61,91043,693],{"class":79},[61,91045,94],{"class":75},[14,91047,90851,91048,90854,91050,244],{},[18,91049,675],{},[18,91051,645],{},[408,91053,91055],{"id":91054},"range2-6",[18,91056,91057],{},"range(2, 6)",[52,91059,91060],{"className":54,"code":90859,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91061,91062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91063,91064,91066,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91065,130],{"class":129},[61,91067,109],{"class":75},[61,91069,7852],{"class":105},[61,91071,109],{"class":75},[61,91073,640],{"class":129},[61,91075,109],{"class":75},[61,91077,1821],{"class":79},[61,91079,83],{"class":75},[61,91081,37400],{"class":79},[61,91083,2672],{"class":75},[14,91085,157],{},[52,91087,91088],{"className":54,"code":90888,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91089,91090],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91091,91092,91094,91096,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91093,3658],{"class":75},[61,91095,1821],{"class":79},[61,91097,83],{"class":75},[61,91099,91],{"class":79},[61,91101,83],{"class":75},[61,91103,693],{"class":79},[61,91105,83],{"class":75},[61,91107,4367],{"class":79},[61,91109,94],{"class":75},[14,91111,90851,91112,90854,91114,244],{},[18,91113,1821],{},[18,91115,80340],{},[408,91117,91119],{"id":91118},"range1-10-2",[18,91120,91121],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[52,91123,91124],{"className":54,"code":90922,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91125,91126],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91127,91128,91130,91132,91134,91136,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146,91148,91150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91129,130],{"class":129},[61,91131,109],{"class":75},[61,91133,7852],{"class":105},[61,91135,109],{"class":75},[61,91137,640],{"class":129},[61,91139,109],{"class":75},[61,91141,80],{"class":79},[61,91143,83],{"class":75},[61,91145,5763],{"class":79},[61,91147,83],{"class":75},[61,91149,86],{"class":79},[61,91151,2672],{"class":75},[14,91153,157],{},[52,91155,91156],{"className":54,"code":90955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91157,91158],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91159,91160,91162,91164,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178,91180],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91161,3658],{"class":75},[61,91163,80],{"class":79},[61,91165,83],{"class":75},[61,91167,91],{"class":79},[61,91169,83],{"class":75},[61,91171,4367],{"class":79},[61,91173,83],{"class":75},[61,91175,1134],{"class":79},[61,91177,83],{"class":75},[61,91179,53894],{"class":79},[61,91181,94],{"class":75},[14,91183,91184,91185,91187,91188,61055,91190,244],{},"This moves by ",[18,91186,1821],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[18,91189,80],{},[18,91191,1907],{},[408,91193,91195],{"id":91194},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91197,91198,91199,91201],{},"A negative step makes ",[18,91200,618],{}," count backward.",[52,91203,91205],{"className":54,"code":91204,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[18,91206,91207],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91208,91209,91211,91213,91215,91217,91219,91221,91223,91225,91227,91229,91231,91233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91210,130],{"class":129},[61,91212,109],{"class":75},[61,91214,7852],{"class":105},[61,91216,109],{"class":75},[61,91218,640],{"class":129},[61,91220,109],{"class":75},[61,91222,645],{"class":79},[61,91224,83],{"class":75},[61,91226,3591],{"class":79},[61,91228,83],{"class":75},[61,91230,1984],{"class":71},[61,91232,80],{"class":79},[61,91234,2672],{"class":75},[14,91236,157],{},[52,91238,91240],{"className":54,"code":91239,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[18,91241,91242],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91243,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256,91258,91260,91262,91264],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91245,3658],{"class":75},[61,91247,645],{"class":79},[61,91249,83],{"class":75},[61,91251,693],{"class":79},[61,91253,83],{"class":75},[61,91255,91],{"class":79},[61,91257,83],{"class":75},[61,91259,86],{"class":79},[61,91261,83],{"class":75},[61,91263,680],{"class":79},[61,91265,94],{"class":75},[14,91267,91268],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91270,91271],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[52,91273,91275],{"className":54,"code":91274,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[18,91276,91277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91278,91279,91281,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291,91293,91295,91297,91299,91301,91303],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91280,130],{"class":129},[61,91282,109],{"class":75},[61,91284,7852],{"class":105},[61,91286,109],{"class":75},[61,91288,640],{"class":129},[61,91290,109],{"class":75},[61,91292,80],{"class":79},[61,91294,83],{"class":75},[61,91296,4367],{"class":79},[61,91298,83],{"class":75},[61,91300,1984],{"class":71},[61,91302,80],{"class":79},[61,91304,2672],{"class":75},[14,91306,157],{},[52,91308,91309],{"className":54,"code":38053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91310,91311],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91312,91313],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91314,38053],{"class":75},[408,91316,91317,76335,91319],{"id":76559},[18,91318,75175],{},[18,91320,675],{},[14,91322,1245],{},[52,91324,91326],{"className":54,"code":91325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[18,91327,91328],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91329,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91331,640],{"class":129},[61,91333,109],{"class":75},[61,91335,80],{"class":79},[61,91337,83],{"class":75},[61,91339,4367],{"class":79},[61,91341,83],{"class":75},[61,91343,3591],{"class":79},[61,91345,116],{"class":75},[14,91347,76604,91348,91350],{},[18,91349,40461],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[47,91352,8175,91354,91356,91357,91359],{"id":91353},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[18,91355,618],{}," in a ",[18,91358,5717],{}," loop",[14,91361,91362,91364],{},[18,91363,618],{}," is most useful when:",[26,91366,91367,91370,91373],{},[29,91368,91369],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[29,91371,91372],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[29,91374,91375,91376],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[18,91377,91378],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91380,1109],{},[52,91382,91384],{"className":54,"code":91383,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[18,91385,91386,91402],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91387,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398,91400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91389,5717],{"class":3634},[61,91391,69294],{"class":67},[61,91393,3641],{"class":3634},[61,91395,53828],{"class":129},[61,91397,109],{"class":75},[61,91399,1827],{"class":79},[61,91401,8099],{"class":75},[61,91403,91404,91406,91408,91410,91413,91415,91417,91419],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91405,7827],{"class":129},[61,91407,109],{"class":75},[61,91409,816],{"class":190},[61,91411,91412],{"class":194},"Loop number:",[61,91414,816],{"class":190},[61,91416,83],{"class":75},[61,91418,35886],{"class":112},[61,91420,116],{"class":75},[14,91422,157],{},[52,91424,91426],{"className":54,"code":91425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[18,91427,91428,91437,91445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91429,91430,91433,91435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91431,91432],{"class":67},"Loop number",[61,91434,824],{"class":75},[61,91436,38269],{"class":79},[61,91438,91439,91441,91443],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91440,91432],{"class":67},[61,91442,824],{"class":75},[61,91444,29372],{"class":79},[61,91446,91447,91449,91451],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,91448,91432],{"class":67},[61,91450,824],{"class":75},[61,91452,45347],{"class":79},[408,91454,91456],{"id":91455},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[52,91458,91460],{"className":54,"code":91459,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,91461,91462,91478],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91463,91464,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474,91476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91465,5717],{"class":3634},[61,91467,69294],{"class":67},[61,91469,3641],{"class":3634},[61,91471,53828],{"class":129},[61,91473,109],{"class":75},[61,91475,645],{"class":79},[61,91477,8099],{"class":75},[61,91479,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488,91490],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91481,7827],{"class":129},[61,91483,109],{"class":75},[61,91485,816],{"class":190},[61,91487,34622],{"class":194},[61,91489,816],{"class":190},[61,91491,116],{"class":75},[14,91493,91494,91495,91497],{},"This prints ",[18,91496,90163],{}," five times.",[408,91499,91501],{"id":91500},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[52,91503,91505],{"className":54,"code":91504,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[18,91506,91507,91527],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91508,91509,91511,91513,91515,91517,91519,91521,91523,91525],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91510,5717],{"class":3634},[61,91512,69294],{"class":67},[61,91514,3641],{"class":3634},[61,91516,53828],{"class":129},[61,91518,109],{"class":75},[61,91520,80],{"class":79},[61,91522,83],{"class":75},[61,91524,693],{"class":79},[61,91526,8099],{"class":75},[61,91528,91529,91531,91533,91535,91538,91540,91542,91544],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91530,7827],{"class":129},[61,91532,109],{"class":75},[61,91534,816],{"class":190},[61,91536,91537],{"class":194},"Current number is",[61,91539,816],{"class":190},[61,91541,83],{"class":75},[61,91543,35886],{"class":112},[61,91545,116],{"class":75},[14,91547,157],{},[52,91549,91551],{"className":54,"code":91550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[18,91552,91553,91562,91570],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91554,91555,91558,91560],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91556,91557],{"class":67},"Current number ",[61,91559,11948],{"class":71},[61,91561,29372],{"class":79},[61,91563,91564,91566,91568],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91565,91557],{"class":67},[61,91567,11948],{"class":71},[61,91569,45347],{"class":79},[61,91571,91572,91574,91576],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,91573,91557],{"class":67},[61,91575,11948],{"class":71},[61,91577,2336],{"class":79},[408,91579,91581,91583],{"id":91580},"range-and-indexing",[18,91582,618],{}," and indexing",[14,91585,91586],{},"You may see code like this:",[52,91588,91590],{"className":54,"code":91589,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[18,91591,91592,91624,91628,91648],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91593,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612,91614,91616,91618,91620,91622],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91595,7539],{"class":67},[61,91597,72],{"class":71},[61,91599,76],{"class":75},[61,91601,816],{"class":190},[61,91603,235],{"class":194},[61,91605,816],{"class":190},[61,91607,83],{"class":75},[61,91609,522],{"class":190},[61,91611,1480],{"class":194},[61,91613,816],{"class":190},[61,91615,83],{"class":75},[61,91617,522],{"class":190},[61,91619,573],{"class":194},[61,91621,816],{"class":190},[61,91623,94],{"class":75},[61,91625,91626],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91627,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,91629,91630,91632,91634,91636,91638,91640,91642,91644,91646],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,91631,5717],{"class":3634},[61,91633,69294],{"class":67},[61,91635,3641],{"class":3634},[61,91637,53828],{"class":129},[61,91639,109],{"class":75},[61,91641,10914],{"class":129},[61,91643,109],{"class":75},[61,91645,993],{"class":112},[61,91647,69309],{"class":75},[61,91649,91650,91652,91654,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,91651,7827],{"class":129},[61,91653,109],{"class":75},[61,91655,35911],{"class":112},[61,91657,83],{"class":75},[61,91659,5725],{"class":112},[61,91661,3658],{"class":75},[61,91663,35911],{"class":112},[61,91665,1137],{"class":75},[14,91667,157],{},[52,91669,91670],{"className":54,"code":35923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91671,91672,91678,91684],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91673,91674,91676],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91675,675],{"class":79},[61,91677,35932],{"class":67},[61,91679,91680,91682],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91681,80],{"class":79},[61,91683,35939],{"class":67},[61,91685,91686,91688],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,91687,1821],{"class":79},[61,91689,35946],{"class":67},[14,91691,91692,91693,91697],{},"This works, and it uses ",[235,91694,91695],{"href":42115},[18,91696,42118],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91699,91700],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[52,91702,91704],{"className":54,"code":91703,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[18,91705,91706,91738,91742,91754],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91707,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718,91720,91722,91724,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91709,7539],{"class":67},[61,91711,72],{"class":71},[61,91713,76],{"class":75},[61,91715,816],{"class":190},[61,91717,235],{"class":194},[61,91719,816],{"class":190},[61,91721,83],{"class":75},[61,91723,522],{"class":190},[61,91725,1480],{"class":194},[61,91727,816],{"class":190},[61,91729,83],{"class":75},[61,91731,522],{"class":190},[61,91733,573],{"class":194},[61,91735,816],{"class":190},[61,91737,94],{"class":75},[61,91739,91740],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91741,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,91743,91744,91746,91748,91750,91752],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,91745,5717],{"class":3634},[61,91747,5720],{"class":67},[61,91749,3641],{"class":3634},[61,91751,5725],{"class":67},[61,91753,6152],{"class":75},[61,91755,91756,91758,91760,91762],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,91757,7827],{"class":129},[61,91759,109],{"class":75},[61,91761,23068],{"class":112},[61,91763,116],{"class":75},[14,91765,36349,91766,91771],{},[235,91767,91769],{"href":91768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[18,91770,35505],{}," is usually a better choice:",[52,91773,91775],{"className":54,"code":91774,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[18,91776,91777,91809,91813,91833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91778,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787,91789,91791,91793,91795,91797,91799,91801,91803,91805,91807],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91780,7539],{"class":67},[61,91782,72],{"class":71},[61,91784,76],{"class":75},[61,91786,816],{"class":190},[61,91788,235],{"class":194},[61,91790,816],{"class":190},[61,91792,83],{"class":75},[61,91794,522],{"class":190},[61,91796,1480],{"class":194},[61,91798,816],{"class":190},[61,91800,83],{"class":75},[61,91802,522],{"class":190},[61,91804,573],{"class":194},[61,91806,816],{"class":190},[61,91808,94],{"class":75},[61,91810,91811],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91812,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,91814,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823,91825,91827,91829,91831],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,91816,5717],{"class":3634},[61,91818,35577],{"class":67},[61,91820,83],{"class":75},[61,91822,5720],{"class":67},[61,91824,3641],{"class":3634},[61,91826,35587],{"class":129},[61,91828,109],{"class":75},[61,91830,993],{"class":112},[61,91832,8099],{"class":75},[61,91834,91835,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,91836,7827],{"class":129},[61,91838,109],{"class":75},[61,91840,35602],{"class":112},[61,91842,83],{"class":75},[61,91844,29264],{"class":112},[61,91846,116],{"class":75},[14,91848,78864,91849,244],{},[235,91850,36362,91851,36365],{"href":36361},[18,91852,35505],{},[47,91854,91856,91857,91859],{"id":91855},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[18,91858,618],{}," to a list",[14,91861,91862,91864],{},[18,91863,618],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,91866,91867,91868,824],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[18,91869,24538],{},[52,91871,91873],{"className":54,"code":91872,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[18,91874,91875],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91876,91877,91879,91881,91883,91885,91887,91889,91891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91878,130],{"class":129},[61,91880,109],{"class":75},[61,91882,7852],{"class":105},[61,91884,109],{"class":75},[61,91886,640],{"class":129},[61,91888,109],{"class":75},[61,91890,1827],{"class":79},[61,91892,2672],{"class":75},[14,91894,157],{},[52,91896,91898],{"className":54,"code":91897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[18,91899,91900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91901,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91903,3658],{"class":75},[61,91905,675],{"class":79},[61,91907,83],{"class":75},[61,91909,680],{"class":79},[61,91911,83],{"class":75},[61,91913,86],{"class":79},[61,91915,94],{"class":75},[14,91917,33067],{},[26,91919,91920,91925,91928],{},[29,91921,91922,91923,41842],{},"learning how ",[18,91924,618],{},[29,91926,91927],{},"checking your values",[29,91929,91930],{},"debugging code",[14,91932,1570],{},[52,91934,91936],{"className":54,"code":91935,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[18,91937,91938,91952,91956,91966],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91939,91940,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91941,68],{"class":67},[61,91943,72],{"class":71},[61,91945,53828],{"class":129},[61,91947,109],{"class":75},[61,91949,1129],{"class":79},[61,91951,116],{"class":75},[61,91953,91954],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,91955,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,91957,91958,91960,91962,91964],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,91959,130],{"class":129},[61,91961,109],{"class":75},[61,91963,113],{"class":112},[61,91965,116],{"class":75},[61,91967,91968,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,91969,130],{"class":129},[61,91971,109],{"class":75},[61,91973,7852],{"class":105},[61,91975,109],{"class":75},[61,91977,113],{"class":112},[61,91979,154],{"class":75},[14,91981,157],{},[52,91983,91985],{"className":54,"code":91984,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,91986,91987,92001],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91988,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91990,640],{"class":129},[61,91992,109],{"class":75},[61,91994,675],{"class":79},[61,91996,83],{"class":75},[61,91998,693],{"class":79},[61,92000,116],{"class":75},[61,92002,92003,92005,92007,92009,92011,92013,92015,92017,92019],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92004,3658],{"class":75},[61,92006,675],{"class":79},[61,92008,83],{"class":75},[61,92010,680],{"class":79},[61,92012,83],{"class":75},[61,92014,86],{"class":79},[61,92016,83],{"class":75},[61,92018,91],{"class":79},[61,92020,94],{"class":75},[14,92022,92023,92024,10337,92026,92029],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[18,92025,640],{},[18,92027,92028],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[47,92031,4280],{"id":4279},[14,92033,33296,92034,244],{},[18,92035,618],{},[408,92037,92039],{"id":92038},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92041,92042],{},"Many beginners think this:",[52,92044,92046],{"className":54,"code":92045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[18,92047,92048],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92049,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92051,130],{"class":129},[61,92053,109],{"class":75},[61,92055,7852],{"class":105},[61,92057,109],{"class":75},[61,92059,640],{"class":129},[61,92061,109],{"class":75},[61,92063,80],{"class":79},[61,92065,83],{"class":75},[61,92067,4367],{"class":79},[61,92069,2672],{"class":75},[14,92071,92072],{},"will produce:",[52,92074,92076],{"className":54,"code":92075,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,92077,92078],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92079,92080,92082,92084,92086,92088,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92081,3658],{"class":75},[61,92083,80],{"class":79},[61,92085,83],{"class":75},[61,92087,86],{"class":79},[61,92089,83],{"class":75},[61,92091,91],{"class":79},[61,92093,83],{"class":75},[61,92095,693],{"class":79},[61,92097,83],{"class":75},[61,92099,4367],{"class":79},[61,92101,94],{"class":75},[14,92103,92104],{},"But the real output is:",[52,92106,92107],{"className":54,"code":53263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92108,92109],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92110,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121,92123,92125,92127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92112,3658],{"class":75},[61,92114,80],{"class":79},[61,92116,83],{"class":75},[61,92118,86],{"class":79},[61,92120,83],{"class":75},[61,92122,91],{"class":79},[61,92124,83],{"class":75},[61,92126,693],{"class":79},[61,92128,94],{"class":75},[14,92130,92131],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[408,92133,4341,92135,92137,92138],{"id":92134},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[18,92136,90599],{}," starts at ",[18,92139,80],{},[14,92141,37224,92142,18719,92144,244],{},[18,92143,675],{},[18,92145,80],{},[52,92147,92148],{"className":54,"code":90792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92149,92150],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92151,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92153,130],{"class":129},[61,92155,109],{"class":75},[61,92157,7852],{"class":105},[61,92159,109],{"class":75},[61,92161,640],{"class":129},[61,92163,109],{"class":75},[61,92165,645],{"class":79},[61,92167,2672],{"class":75},[14,92169,157],{},[52,92171,92172],{"className":54,"code":59780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92173,92174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92175,92176,92178,92180,92182,92184,92186,92188,92190,92192,92194,92196],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92177,3658],{"class":75},[61,92179,675],{"class":79},[61,92181,83],{"class":75},[61,92183,680],{"class":79},[61,92185,83],{"class":75},[61,92187,86],{"class":79},[61,92189,83],{"class":75},[61,92191,91],{"class":79},[61,92193,83],{"class":75},[61,92195,693],{"class":79},[61,92197,94],{"class":75},[408,92199,92201],{"id":92200},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92203,92204,92205,824],{},"This often happens with ",[18,92206,2718],{},[52,92208,92210],{"className":54,"code":92209,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92211,92212,92231,92235,92252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92213,92214,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92215,92216],{"class":67},"user_number ",[61,92218,72],{"class":71},[61,92220,7999],{"class":129},[61,92222,109],{"class":75},[61,92224,816],{"class":190},[61,92226,41628],{"class":194},[61,92228,816],{"class":190},[61,92230,116],{"class":75},[61,92232,92233],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92234,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,92236,92237,92239,92241,92243,92245,92247,92250],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,92238,5717],{"class":3634},[61,92240,69294],{"class":67},[61,92242,3641],{"class":3634},[61,92244,53828],{"class":129},[61,92246,109],{"class":75},[61,92248,92249],{"class":112},"user_number",[61,92251,8099],{"class":75},[61,92253,92254,92256,92258,92260],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,92255,7827],{"class":129},[61,92257,109],{"class":75},[61,92259,35911],{"class":112},[61,92261,116],{"class":75},[14,92263,48269,92264,92266],{},[18,92265,2718],{}," returns a string.",[14,92268,10559],{},[52,92270,92272],{"className":54,"code":92271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92273,92274,92296,92300,92316],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92275,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92277,92216],{"class":67},[61,92279,72],{"class":71},[61,92281,45034],{"class":105},[61,92283,109],{"class":75},[61,92285,42220],{"class":129},[61,92287,109],{"class":75},[61,92289,816],{"class":190},[61,92291,41628],{"class":194},[61,92293,816],{"class":190},[61,92295,154],{"class":75},[61,92297,92298],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92299,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,92301,92302,92304,92306,92308,92310,92312,92314],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,92303,5717],{"class":3634},[61,92305,69294],{"class":67},[61,92307,3641],{"class":3634},[61,92309,53828],{"class":129},[61,92311,109],{"class":75},[61,92313,92249],{"class":112},[61,92315,8099],{"class":75},[61,92317,92318,92320,92322,92324],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,92319,7827],{"class":129},[61,92321,109],{"class":75},[61,92323,35911],{"class":112},[61,92325,116],{"class":75},[14,92327,92328,92329,244],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[235,92330,50281,92331],{"href":50280},[18,92332,50284],{},[408,92334,92336,92337,92339,92340],{"id":92335},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[18,92338,35829],{}," smaller than ",[18,92341,75172],{},[14,92343,92344],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[52,92346,92347],{"className":54,"code":91274,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92348,92349],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92350,92351,92353,92355,92357,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371,92373,92375],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92352,130],{"class":129},[61,92354,109],{"class":75},[61,92356,7852],{"class":105},[61,92358,109],{"class":75},[61,92360,640],{"class":129},[61,92362,109],{"class":75},[61,92364,80],{"class":79},[61,92366,83],{"class":75},[61,92368,4367],{"class":79},[61,92370,83],{"class":75},[61,92372,1984],{"class":71},[61,92374,80],{"class":79},[61,92376,2672],{"class":75},[14,92378,157],{},[52,92380,92381],{"className":54,"code":38053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92382,92383],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92384,92385],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92386,38053],{"class":75},[14,92388,92389],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[408,92391,25373,92393],{"id":92392},"trying-to-use-step-0",[18,92394,92395],{},"step = 0",[14,92397,77315],{},[52,92399,92401],{"className":54,"code":92400,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[18,92402,92403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92404,92405,92407,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92406,640],{"class":129},[61,92408,109],{"class":75},[61,92410,80],{"class":79},[61,92412,83],{"class":75},[61,92414,5763],{"class":79},[61,92416,83],{"class":75},[61,92418,3591],{"class":79},[61,92420,116],{"class":75},[14,92422,92423],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[408,92425,4466,92427,92429],{"id":92426},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[18,92428,618],{}," is not a list",[14,92431,92432],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[52,92434,92436],{"className":54,"code":92435,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(range(5))\n",[18,92437,92438],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92439,92440,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92441,130],{"class":129},[61,92443,109],{"class":75},[61,92445,640],{"class":129},[61,92447,109],{"class":75},[61,92449,645],{"class":79},[61,92451,154],{"class":75},[14,92453,157],{},[52,92455,92457],{"className":54,"code":92456,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 5)\n",[18,92458,92459],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92460,92461,92463,92465,92467,92469,92471],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92462,640],{"class":129},[61,92464,109],{"class":75},[61,92466,675],{"class":79},[61,92468,83],{"class":75},[61,92470,4367],{"class":79},[61,92472,116],{"class":75},[14,92474,92475],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[52,92477,92478],{"className":54,"code":90792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92479,92480],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92481,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92483,130],{"class":129},[61,92485,109],{"class":75},[61,92487,7852],{"class":105},[61,92489,109],{"class":75},[61,92491,640],{"class":129},[61,92493,109],{"class":75},[61,92495,645],{"class":79},[61,92497,2672],{"class":75},[14,92499,157],{},[52,92501,92502],{"className":54,"code":59780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92503,92504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92505,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518,92520,92522,92524,92526],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92507,3658],{"class":75},[61,92509,675],{"class":79},[61,92511,83],{"class":75},[61,92513,680],{"class":79},[61,92515,83],{"class":75},[61,92517,86],{"class":79},[61,92519,83],{"class":75},[61,92521,91],{"class":79},[61,92523,83],{"class":75},[61,92525,693],{"class":79},[61,92527,94],{"class":75},[47,92529,92531],{"id":92530},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92533,8634,92534,82086],{},[18,92535,618],{},[52,92537,92539],{"className":54,"code":92538,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[18,92540,92541,92555,92573,92595,92623],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92542,92543,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92544,130],{"class":129},[61,92546,109],{"class":75},[61,92548,640],{"class":129},[61,92550,109],{"class":75},[61,92552,645],{"class":79},[61,92554,154],{"class":75},[61,92556,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92558,130],{"class":129},[61,92560,109],{"class":75},[61,92562,7852],{"class":105},[61,92564,109],{"class":75},[61,92566,640],{"class":129},[61,92568,109],{"class":75},[61,92570,645],{"class":79},[61,92572,2672],{"class":75},[61,92574,92575,92577,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589,92591,92593],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,92576,130],{"class":129},[61,92578,109],{"class":75},[61,92580,7852],{"class":105},[61,92582,109],{"class":75},[61,92584,640],{"class":129},[61,92586,109],{"class":75},[61,92588,1821],{"class":79},[61,92590,83],{"class":75},[61,92592,6118],{"class":79},[61,92594,2672],{"class":75},[61,92596,92597,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607,92609,92611,92613,92615,92617,92619,92621],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,92598,130],{"class":129},[61,92600,109],{"class":75},[61,92602,7852],{"class":105},[61,92604,109],{"class":75},[61,92606,640],{"class":129},[61,92608,109],{"class":75},[61,92610,430],{"class":79},[61,92612,83],{"class":75},[61,92614,3591],{"class":79},[61,92616,83],{"class":75},[61,92618,1984],{"class":71},[61,92620,1821],{"class":79},[61,92622,2672],{"class":75},[61,92624,92625,92627,92629,92631,92633,92635,92637,92639],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,92626,130],{"class":129},[61,92628,109],{"class":75},[61,92630,147],{"class":105},[61,92632,109],{"class":75},[61,92634,640],{"class":129},[61,92636,109],{"class":75},[61,92638,645],{"class":79},[61,92640,2672],{"class":75},[14,92642,25765],{},[26,92644,92645,92648,92651],{},[29,92646,92647],{},"what values are being created",[29,92649,92650],{},"whether the direction is correct",[29,92652,92653,92654,1284],{},"whether you are working with a ",[18,92655,640],{},[47,92657,1620],{"id":1619},[408,92659,12459,92661,92663],{"id":92660},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[18,92662,618],{}," include the last number?",[14,92665,92666],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[408,92668,4921,92670,92672,92673,2251],{"id":92669},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[18,92671,90599],{}," start at ",[18,92674,675],{},[14,92676,92677,92678,244],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,92679,675],{},[408,92681,4933,92683,92685],{"id":92682},"can-range-count-backward",[18,92684,618],{}," count backward?",[14,92687,92688,92689,244],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[18,92690,92691],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[408,92693,14658,92695,25800],{"id":92694},"is-range-a-list",[18,92696,618],{},[14,92698,25803,92699,92701,92702,23696],{},[18,92700,640],{}," object. Use ",[18,92703,92704],{},"list(range(...))",[408,92706,4921,92708,48443],{"id":92707},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[18,92709,92710],{},"range(input())",[14,92712,92713,3240,92715,244],{},[18,92714,2718],{},[18,92716,92717],{},"int(input())",[47,92719,1664],{"id":1663},[26,92721,92722,92726,92732,92738,92744],{},[29,92723,92724],{},[235,92725,35785],{"href":35784},[29,92727,92728],{},[235,92729,3332,92730,3265],{"href":42115},[18,92731,42118],{},[29,92733,92734],{},[235,92735,3332,92736,3265],{"href":91768},[18,92737,35505],{},[29,92739,92740],{},[235,92741,37275,92742,36365],{"href":36361},[18,92743,35505],{},[29,92745,92746],{},[235,92747,50281,92748],{"href":50280},[18,92749,50284],{},[1693,92751,92752],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":92754},[92755,92756,92758,92764,92772,92779,92781,92793,92794,92806],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":90608,"depth":97,"text":92757},"What range() does",{"id":90701,"depth":97,"text":92759,"children":92760},"range() syntax",[92761,92762,92763],{"id":90781,"depth":119,"text":90784},{"id":90845,"depth":119,"text":90848},{"id":90913,"depth":119,"text":90916},{"id":90984,"depth":97,"text":90985,"children":92765},[92766,92767,92768,92769,92770],{"id":90991,"depth":119,"text":90599},{"id":91054,"depth":119,"text":91057},{"id":91118,"depth":119,"text":91121},{"id":91194,"depth":119,"text":91195},{"id":76559,"depth":119,"text":92771},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91353,"depth":97,"text":92773,"children":92774},"Using range() in a for loop",[92775,92776,92777],{"id":91455,"depth":119,"text":91456},{"id":91500,"depth":119,"text":91501},{"id":91580,"depth":119,"text":92778},"range() and indexing",{"id":91855,"depth":97,"text":92780},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":92782},[92783,92784,92786,92787,92789,92791],{"id":92038,"depth":119,"text":92039},{"id":92134,"depth":119,"text":92785},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92200,"depth":119,"text":92201},{"id":92335,"depth":119,"text":92788},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92392,"depth":119,"text":92790},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92426,"depth":119,"text":92792},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92530,"depth":97,"text":92531},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":92795},[92796,92798,92800,92802,92804],{"id":92660,"depth":119,"text":92797},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92669,"depth":119,"text":92799},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92682,"depth":119,"text":92801},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92694,"depth":119,"text":92803},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92707,"depth":119,"text":92805},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90502,"description":92807},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92814,"title":92815,"body":92816,"description":94489,"extension":1727,"meta":94490,"navigation":122,"path":94491,"seo":94492,"stem":94493,"__hash__":94494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92817,"toc":94462},[92818,92827,92834,92851,92867,92869,92918,92926,92930,92933,92953,92955,93019,93021,93064,93067,93113,93115,93148,93158,93164,93172,93189,93191,93222,93224,93249,93254,93265,93268,93338,93340,93371,93376,93381,93398,93400,93451,93453,93486,93489,93496,93501,93505,93521,93523,93567,93569,93615,93618,93631,93636,93640,93654,93656,93707,93709,93742,93747,93749,93756,93758,93781,93783,93848,93850,93867,93870,93903,93905,93933,93943,93950,93954,93957,93975,93978,94006,94009,94027,94032,94038,94041,94063,94065,94093,94095,94098,94123,94126,94239,94241,94320,94322,94328,94333,94341,94349,94353,94356,94358,94391,94393,94401,94407,94414,94421,94424,94426,94459],[10,92819,3332,92821,10337,92823,92826],{"id":92820},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[18,92822,618],{},[18,92824,92825],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,92828,92829,4154,92831,92833],{},[18,92830,618],{},[18,92832,92825],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[26,92835,92836,92844],{},[29,92837,92838,92840,92841],{},[18,92839,618],{}," creates a ",[603,92842,92843],{},"range object",[29,92845,92846,92840,92848],{},[18,92847,92825],{},[603,92849,92850],{},"real list",[14,92852,92853,92854,92856,92857,92860,92861,92863,92864,92866],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[18,92855,90599],{}," to behave exactly like ",[18,92858,92859],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[18,92862,618],{}," for looping, and only use ",[18,92865,92825],{}," when you actually need a list.",[47,92868,3366],{"id":3365},[52,92870,92872],{"className":54,"code":92871,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,92873,92874,92888,92901],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92875,92876,92878,92880,92882,92884,92886],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92877,68],{"class":67},[61,92879,72],{"class":71},[61,92881,53828],{"class":129},[61,92883,109],{"class":75},[61,92885,645],{"class":79},[61,92887,116],{"class":75},[61,92889,92890,92892,92894,92896,92898],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92891,130],{"class":129},[61,92893,109],{"class":75},[61,92895,113],{"class":112},[61,92897,3417],{"class":75},[61,92899,92900],{"class":3420},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[61,92902,92903,92905,92907,92909,92911,92913,92915],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,92904,130],{"class":129},[61,92906,109],{"class":75},[61,92908,7852],{"class":105},[61,92910,109],{"class":75},[61,92912,113],{"class":112},[61,92914,5122],{"class":75},[61,92916,92917],{"class":3420},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,92919,204,92920,92922,92923,92925],{},[18,92921,618],{}," for looping. Use ",[18,92924,92825],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[47,92927,92929],{"id":92928},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,92931,92932],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[26,92934,92935,92942,92947,92950],{},[29,92936,92937,21732,92939,92941],{},[18,92938,618],{},[603,92940,92843],{},", not a list",[29,92943,92944,92946],{},[18,92945,92825],{}," converts that range object into a list",[29,92948,92949],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[29,92951,92952],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,92954,1109],{},[52,92956,92958],{"className":54,"code":92957,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[18,92959,92960,92975,92994,92998,93008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92961,92962,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92963,92964],{"class":67},"r ",[61,92966,72],{"class":71},[61,92968,53828],{"class":129},[61,92970,109],{"class":75},[61,92972,645],{"class":79},[61,92974,116],{"class":75},[61,92976,92977,92980,92982,92984,92986,92988,92990,92992],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,92978,92979],{"class":67},"lst ",[61,92981,72],{"class":71},[61,92983,22317],{"class":105},[61,92985,109],{"class":75},[61,92987,640],{"class":129},[61,92989,109],{"class":75},[61,92991,645],{"class":79},[61,92993,154],{"class":75},[61,92995,92996],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,92997,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,92999,93000,93002,93004,93006],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,93001,130],{"class":129},[61,93003,109],{"class":75},[61,93005,60259],{"class":112},[61,93007,116],{"class":75},[61,93009,93010,93012,93014,93017],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,93011,130],{"class":129},[61,93013,109],{"class":75},[61,93015,93016],{"class":112},"lst",[61,93018,116],{"class":75},[14,93020,157],{},[52,93022,93024],{"className":54,"code":93023,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93025,93026,93040],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93027,93028,93030,93032,93034,93036,93038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93029,640],{"class":129},[61,93031,109],{"class":75},[61,93033,675],{"class":79},[61,93035,83],{"class":75},[61,93037,4367],{"class":79},[61,93039,116],{"class":75},[61,93041,93042,93044,93046,93048,93050,93052,93054,93056,93058,93060,93062],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93043,3658],{"class":75},[61,93045,675],{"class":79},[61,93047,83],{"class":75},[61,93049,680],{"class":79},[61,93051,83],{"class":75},[61,93053,86],{"class":79},[61,93055,83],{"class":75},[61,93057,91],{"class":79},[61,93059,83],{"class":75},[61,93061,693],{"class":79},[61,93063,94],{"class":75},[14,93065,93066],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[52,93068,93070],{"className":54,"code":93069,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[18,93071,93072,93090],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93073,93074,93076,93078,93080,93082,93084,93086,93088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93075,130],{"class":129},[61,93077,109],{"class":75},[61,93079,147],{"class":105},[61,93081,109],{"class":75},[61,93083,640],{"class":129},[61,93085,109],{"class":75},[61,93087,645],{"class":79},[61,93089,2672],{"class":75},[61,93091,93092,93094,93096,93098,93100,93102,93104,93106,93108,93110],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93093,130],{"class":129},[61,93095,109],{"class":75},[61,93097,147],{"class":105},[61,93099,109],{"class":75},[61,93101,7852],{"class":105},[61,93103,109],{"class":75},[61,93105,640],{"class":129},[61,93107,109],{"class":75},[61,93109,645],{"class":79},[61,93111,93112],{"class":75},"))))\n",[14,93114,157],{},[52,93116,93118],{"className":54,"code":93117,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,93119,93120,93134],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93121,93122,93124,93126,93128,93130,93132],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93123,183],{"class":71},[61,93125,187],{"class":186},[61,93127,191],{"class":190},[61,93129,640],{"class":194},[61,93131,198],{"class":190},[61,93133,201],{"class":71},[61,93135,93136,93138,93140,93142,93144,93146],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93137,183],{"class":71},[61,93139,187],{"class":186},[61,93141,191],{"class":190},[61,93143,7852],{"class":194},[61,93145,198],{"class":190},[61,93147,201],{"class":71},[14,93149,93150,93151,93153,93154,244],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[18,93152,618],{}," works, see ",[235,93155,3332,93156,3265],{"href":92809},[18,93157,618],{},[47,93159,3435,93161,93163],{"id":93160},"what-range-gives-you",[18,93162,618],{}," gives you",[14,93165,93166,93168,93169,93171],{},[18,93167,618],{}," is most often used in ",[18,93170,5717],{}," loops.",[26,93173,93174,93177,93180,93183],{},[29,93175,93176],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[29,93178,93179],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[29,93181,93182],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[29,93184,93185,93186],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[18,93187,93188],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93190,1109],{},[52,93192,93194],{"className":54,"code":93193,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[18,93195,93196,93212],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93197,93198,93200,93202,93204,93206,93208,93210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93199,5717],{"class":3634},[61,93201,69294],{"class":67},[61,93203,3641],{"class":3634},[61,93205,53828],{"class":129},[61,93207,109],{"class":75},[61,93209,645],{"class":79},[61,93211,8099],{"class":75},[61,93213,93214,93216,93218,93220],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93215,7827],{"class":129},[61,93217,109],{"class":75},[61,93219,35911],{"class":112},[61,93221,116],{"class":75},[14,93223,157],{},[52,93225,93227],{"className":54,"code":93226,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[18,93228,93229,93233,93237,93241,93245],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93230,93231],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93232,47010],{"class":79},[61,93234,93235],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93236,46675],{"class":79},[61,93238,93239],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,93240,16813],{"class":79},[61,93242,93243],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,93244,46375],{"class":79},[61,93246,93247],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,93248,48409],{"class":79},[14,93250,20527,93251,93253],{},[18,93252,90599],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93255,93256,93257,93259,93260,244],{},"This is one reason ",[18,93258,618],{}," is so common with ",[235,93261,3332,93263,90630],{"href":93262},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[18,93264,5717],{},[14,93266,93267],{},"You can also inspect it:",[52,93269,93271],{"className":54,"code":93270,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[18,93272,93273,93295,93299,93309,93323],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93274,93275,93277,93279,93281,93283,93285,93287,93289,93291,93293],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93276,92964],{"class":67},[61,93278,72],{"class":71},[61,93280,53828],{"class":129},[61,93282,109],{"class":75},[61,93284,1821],{"class":79},[61,93286,83],{"class":75},[61,93288,5763],{"class":79},[61,93290,83],{"class":75},[61,93292,86],{"class":79},[61,93294,116],{"class":75},[61,93296,93297],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93298,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,93300,93301,93303,93305,93307],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,93302,130],{"class":129},[61,93304,109],{"class":75},[61,93306,60259],{"class":112},[61,93308,116],{"class":75},[61,93310,93311,93313,93315,93317,93319,93321],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,93312,130],{"class":129},[61,93314,109],{"class":75},[61,93316,10914],{"class":129},[61,93318,109],{"class":75},[61,93320,60259],{"class":112},[61,93322,154],{"class":75},[61,93324,93325,93327,93329,93331,93333,93336],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,93326,130],{"class":129},[61,93328,109],{"class":75},[61,93330,80340],{"class":79},[61,93332,20930],{"class":3634},[61,93334,93335],{"class":112}," r",[61,93337,116],{"class":75},[14,93339,157],{},[52,93341,93343],{"className":54,"code":93342,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[18,93344,93345,93363,93367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93346,93347,93349,93351,93353,93355,93357,93359,93361],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93348,640],{"class":129},[61,93350,109],{"class":75},[61,93352,1821],{"class":79},[61,93354,83],{"class":75},[61,93356,5763],{"class":79},[61,93358,83],{"class":75},[61,93360,86],{"class":79},[61,93362,116],{"class":75},[61,93364,93365],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93366,48409],{"class":79},[61,93368,93369],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,93370,3738],{"class":3609},[47,93372,3435,93374,93163],{"id":93373},"what-listrange-gives-you",[18,93375,92825],{},[14,93377,93378,93380],{},[18,93379,92825],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[26,93382,93383,93386,93389,93392],{},[29,93384,93385],{},"It creates all values at once",[29,93387,93388],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[29,93390,93391],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[29,93393,93394,93395,93397],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[18,93396,618],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93399,1109],{},[52,93401,93403],{"className":54,"code":93402,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,93404,93405,93423,93427,93437],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93406,93407,93409,93411,93413,93415,93417,93419,93421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93408,68],{"class":67},[61,93410,72],{"class":71},[61,93412,22317],{"class":105},[61,93414,109],{"class":75},[61,93416,640],{"class":129},[61,93418,109],{"class":75},[61,93420,645],{"class":79},[61,93422,154],{"class":75},[61,93424,93425],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93426,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,93428,93429,93431,93433,93435],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,93430,130],{"class":129},[61,93432,109],{"class":75},[61,93434,113],{"class":112},[61,93436,116],{"class":75},[61,93438,93439,93441,93443,93445,93447,93449],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,93440,130],{"class":129},[61,93442,109],{"class":75},[61,93444,113],{"class":112},[61,93446,3658],{"class":75},[61,93448,1821],{"class":79},[61,93450,1137],{"class":75},[14,93452,157],{},[52,93454,93456],{"className":54,"code":93455,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[18,93457,93458,93482],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93459,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470,93472,93474,93476,93478,93480],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93461,3658],{"class":75},[61,93463,675],{"class":79},[61,93465,83],{"class":75},[61,93467,680],{"class":79},[61,93469,83],{"class":75},[61,93471,86],{"class":79},[61,93473,83],{"class":75},[61,93475,91],{"class":79},[61,93477,83],{"class":75},[61,93479,693],{"class":79},[61,93481,94],{"class":75},[61,93483,93484],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93485,16813],{"class":79},[14,93487,93488],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93490,93491,93492,244],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[235,93493,3332,93494,3265],{"href":64593},[18,93495,24538],{},[47,93497,4723,93499],{"id":93498},"when-to-use-range",[18,93500,618],{},[14,93502,204,93503,1193],{},[18,93504,618],{},[26,93506,93507,93512,93515,93518],{},[29,93508,93509,93510,91359],{},"You are writing a ",[18,93511,5717],{},[29,93513,93514],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[29,93516,93517],{},"You are working with large sequences",[29,93519,93520],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93522,1109],{},[52,93524,93526],{"className":54,"code":93525,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[18,93527,93528,93548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93529,93530,93532,93534,93536,93538,93540,93542,93544,93546],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93531,5717],{"class":3634},[61,93533,69294],{"class":67},[61,93535,3641],{"class":3634},[61,93537,53828],{"class":129},[61,93539,109],{"class":75},[61,93541,80],{"class":79},[61,93543,83],{"class":75},[61,93545,37400],{"class":79},[61,93547,8099],{"class":75},[61,93549,93550,93552,93554,93556,93559,93561,93563,93565],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93551,7827],{"class":129},[61,93553,109],{"class":75},[61,93555,816],{"class":190},[61,93557,93558],{"class":194},"Count:",[61,93560,816],{"class":190},[61,93562,83],{"class":75},[61,93564,35886],{"class":112},[61,93566,116],{"class":75},[14,93568,157],{},[52,93570,93572],{"className":54,"code":93571,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[18,93573,93574,93583,93591,93599,93607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93575,93576,93579,93581],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93577,93578],{"class":67},"Count",[61,93580,824],{"class":75},[61,93582,29372],{"class":79},[61,93584,93585,93587,93589],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93586,93578],{"class":67},[61,93588,824],{"class":75},[61,93590,45347],{"class":79},[61,93592,93593,93595,93597],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,93594,93578],{"class":67},[61,93596,824],{"class":75},[61,93598,2336],{"class":79},[61,93600,93601,93603,93605],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,93602,93578],{"class":67},[61,93604,824],{"class":75},[61,93606,23421],{"class":79},[61,93608,93609,93611,93613],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,93610,93578],{"class":67},[61,93612,824],{"class":75},[61,93614,34597],{"class":79},[14,93616,93617],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93619,93620,93621,93623,93624,62042,93626,244],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[18,93622,35505],{}," is often a better choice than ",[18,93625,36355],{},[235,93627,36362,93629,36365],{"href":93628},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[18,93630,35505],{},[47,93632,4723,93634],{"id":93633},"when-to-use-listrange",[18,93635,92825],{},[14,93637,204,93638,1193],{},[18,93639,92825],{},[26,93641,93642,93645,93648,93651],{},[29,93643,93644],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[29,93646,93647],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[29,93649,93650],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[29,93652,93653],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93655,1109],{},[52,93657,93659],{"className":54,"code":93658,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,93660,93661,93679,93693,93697],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93662,93663,93665,93667,93669,93671,93673,93675,93677],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93664,68],{"class":67},[61,93666,72],{"class":71},[61,93668,22317],{"class":105},[61,93670,109],{"class":75},[61,93672,640],{"class":129},[61,93674,109],{"class":75},[61,93676,645],{"class":79},[61,93678,154],{"class":75},[61,93680,93681,93683,93685,93687,93689,93691],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93682,113],{"class":67},[61,93684,244],{"class":75},[61,93686,13308],{"class":112},[61,93688,109],{"class":75},[61,93690,645],{"class":79},[61,93692,116],{"class":75},[61,93694,93695],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,93696,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,93698,93699,93701,93703,93705],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,93700,130],{"class":129},[61,93702,109],{"class":75},[61,93704,113],{"class":112},[61,93706,116],{"class":75},[14,93708,157],{},[52,93710,93712],{"className":54,"code":93711,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,93713,93714],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93715,93716,93718,93720,93722,93724,93726,93728,93730,93732,93734,93736,93738,93740],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93717,3658],{"class":75},[61,93719,675],{"class":79},[61,93721,83],{"class":75},[61,93723,680],{"class":79},[61,93725,83],{"class":75},[61,93727,86],{"class":79},[61,93729,83],{"class":75},[61,93731,91],{"class":79},[61,93733,83],{"class":75},[61,93735,693],{"class":79},[61,93737,83],{"class":75},[61,93739,4367],{"class":79},[61,93741,94],{"class":75},[14,93743,5819,93744,93746],{},[18,93745,113],{}," is a list.",[47,93748,15352],{"id":15351},[14,93750,93751,93753,93754,244],{},[18,93752,618],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[603,93755,37354],{},[14,93757,1871],{},[26,93759,93760,93762,93767,93772,93775],{},[29,93761,21742],{},[29,93763,93764,93765],{},"You can check its length with ",[18,93766,42118],{},[29,93768,93769,93770],{},"You can test membership with ",[18,93771,3641],{},[29,93773,93774],{},"You can index it",[29,93776,93777,93778,93780],{},"But list methods such as ",[18,93779,52410],{}," do not work on it",[14,93782,1109],{},[52,93784,93786],{"className":54,"code":93785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[18,93787,93788,93802,93806,93820,93834],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93789,93790,93792,93794,93796,93798,93800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93791,92964],{"class":67},[61,93793,72],{"class":71},[61,93795,53828],{"class":129},[61,93797,109],{"class":75},[61,93799,645],{"class":79},[61,93801,116],{"class":75},[61,93803,93804],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93805,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,93807,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,93809,130],{"class":129},[61,93811,109],{"class":75},[61,93813,60259],{"class":112},[61,93815,3658],{"class":75},[61,93817,1821],{"class":79},[61,93819,1137],{"class":75},[61,93821,93822,93824,93826,93828,93830,93832],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,93823,130],{"class":129},[61,93825,109],{"class":75},[61,93827,10914],{"class":129},[61,93829,109],{"class":75},[61,93831,60259],{"class":112},[61,93833,154],{"class":75},[61,93835,93836,93838,93840,93842,93844,93846],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,93837,130],{"class":129},[61,93839,109],{"class":75},[61,93841,1827],{"class":79},[61,93843,20930],{"class":3634},[61,93845,93335],{"class":112},[61,93847,116],{"class":75},[14,93849,157],{},[52,93851,93853],{"className":54,"code":93852,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[18,93854,93855,93859,93863],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93856,93857],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93858,16813],{"class":79},[61,93860,93861],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93862,2707],{"class":79},[61,93864,93865],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,93866,3738],{"class":3609},[14,93868,93869],{},"Now compare that with this:",[52,93871,93873],{"className":54,"code":93872,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[18,93874,93875,93889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93876,93877,93879,93881,93883,93885,93887],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93878,92964],{"class":67},[61,93880,72],{"class":71},[61,93882,53828],{"class":129},[61,93884,109],{"class":75},[61,93886,645],{"class":79},[61,93888,116],{"class":75},[61,93890,93891,93893,93895,93897,93899,93901],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,93892,60259],{"class":67},[61,93894,244],{"class":75},[61,93896,13308],{"class":112},[61,93898,109],{"class":75},[61,93900,645],{"class":79},[61,93902,116],{"class":75},[14,93904,157],{},[52,93906,93908],{"className":54,"code":93907,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[18,93909,93910],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93911,93912,93914,93916,93918,93920,93922,93924,93927,93929,93931],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93913,25428],{"class":105},[61,93915,824],{"class":75},[61,93917,191],{"class":190},[61,93919,640],{"class":194},[61,93921,198],{"class":190},[61,93923,1284],{"class":105},[61,93925,93926],{"class":67}," has no attribute ",[61,93928,198],{"class":190},[61,93930,13308],{"class":194},[61,93932,29455],{"class":190},[14,93934,93935,93936,1951,93938,1955,93940,93942],{},"If you need methods like ",[18,93937,52410],{},[18,93939,55287],{},[18,93941,64057],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,93944,93945,93946,244],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[235,93947,25436,93948],{"href":35175},[18,93949,34011],{},[47,93951,93953],{"id":93952},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,93955,93956],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[52,93958,93959],{"className":54,"code":92435,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,93960,93961],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93962,93963,93965,93967,93969,93971,93973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93964,130],{"class":129},[61,93966,109],{"class":75},[61,93968,640],{"class":129},[61,93970,109],{"class":75},[61,93972,645],{"class":79},[61,93974,154],{"class":75},[14,93976,93977],{},"to show:",[52,93979,93980],{"className":54,"code":59780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,93981,93982],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93983,93984,93986,93988,93990,93992,93994,93996,93998,94000,94002,94004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93985,3658],{"class":75},[61,93987,675],{"class":79},[61,93989,83],{"class":75},[61,93991,680],{"class":79},[61,93993,83],{"class":75},[61,93995,86],{"class":79},[61,93997,83],{"class":75},[61,93999,91],{"class":79},[61,94001,83],{"class":75},[61,94003,693],{"class":79},[61,94005,94],{"class":75},[14,94007,94008],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[52,94010,94011],{"className":54,"code":92456,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,94012,94013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94014,94015,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94016,640],{"class":129},[61,94018,109],{"class":75},[61,94020,675],{"class":79},[61,94022,83],{"class":75},[61,94024,4367],{"class":79},[61,94026,116],{"class":75},[14,94028,4390,94029,94031],{},[603,94030,605],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94033,94034,94035,94037],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[603,94036,92843],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94039,94040],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[52,94042,94043],{"className":54,"code":90792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,94044,94045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94046,94047,94049,94051,94053,94055,94057,94059,94061],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94048,130],{"class":129},[61,94050,109],{"class":75},[61,94052,7852],{"class":105},[61,94054,109],{"class":75},[61,94056,640],{"class":129},[61,94058,109],{"class":75},[61,94060,645],{"class":79},[61,94062,2672],{"class":75},[14,94064,157],{},[52,94066,94067],{"className":54,"code":59780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,94068,94069],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94070,94071,94073,94075,94077,94079,94081,94083,94085,94087,94089,94091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94072,3658],{"class":75},[61,94074,675],{"class":79},[61,94076,83],{"class":75},[61,94078,680],{"class":79},[61,94080,83],{"class":75},[61,94082,86],{"class":79},[61,94084,83],{"class":75},[61,94086,91],{"class":79},[61,94088,83],{"class":75},[61,94090,693],{"class":79},[61,94092,94],{"class":75},[47,94094,2590],{"id":2589},[14,94096,94097],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[26,94099,94100,94106,94109,94115],{},[29,94101,8175,94102,94105],{},[18,94103,94104],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[29,94107,94108],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[29,94110,94111,94112,94114],{},"Not realizing that ",[18,94113,618],{}," is iterable but not a list",[29,94116,8175,94117,94119,94120,94122],{},[18,94118,92825],{}," when plain ",[18,94121,618],{}," would be simpler",[14,94124,94125],{},"These quick checks can help:",[52,94127,94129],{"className":54,"code":94128,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[18,94130,94131,94145,94163,94181,94203,94221],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94132,94133,94135,94137,94139,94141,94143],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94134,130],{"class":129},[61,94136,109],{"class":75},[61,94138,640],{"class":129},[61,94140,109],{"class":75},[61,94142,645],{"class":79},[61,94144,154],{"class":75},[61,94146,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155,94157,94159,94161],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94148,130],{"class":129},[61,94150,109],{"class":75},[61,94152,7852],{"class":105},[61,94154,109],{"class":75},[61,94156,640],{"class":129},[61,94158,109],{"class":75},[61,94160,645],{"class":79},[61,94162,2672],{"class":75},[61,94164,94165,94167,94169,94171,94173,94175,94177,94179],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,94166,130],{"class":129},[61,94168,109],{"class":75},[61,94170,147],{"class":105},[61,94172,109],{"class":75},[61,94174,640],{"class":129},[61,94176,109],{"class":75},[61,94178,645],{"class":79},[61,94180,2672],{"class":75},[61,94182,94183,94185,94187,94189,94191,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,94184,130],{"class":129},[61,94186,109],{"class":75},[61,94188,147],{"class":105},[61,94190,109],{"class":75},[61,94192,7852],{"class":105},[61,94194,109],{"class":75},[61,94196,640],{"class":129},[61,94198,109],{"class":75},[61,94200,645],{"class":79},[61,94202,93112],{"class":75},[61,94204,94205,94207,94209,94211,94213,94215,94217,94219],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,94206,130],{"class":129},[61,94208,109],{"class":75},[61,94210,1827],{"class":79},[61,94212,20930],{"class":3634},[61,94214,53828],{"class":129},[61,94216,109],{"class":75},[61,94218,645],{"class":79},[61,94220,154],{"class":75},[61,94222,94223,94225,94227,94229,94231,94233,94235,94237],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,94224,130],{"class":129},[61,94226,109],{"class":75},[61,94228,10914],{"class":129},[61,94230,109],{"class":75},[61,94232,640],{"class":129},[61,94234,109],{"class":75},[61,94236,645],{"class":79},[61,94238,2672],{"class":75},[14,94240,157],{},[52,94242,94244],{"className":54,"code":94243,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[18,94245,94246,94260,94284,94298,94312,94316],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94247,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94249,640],{"class":129},[61,94251,109],{"class":75},[61,94253,675],{"class":79},[61,94255,83],{"class":75},[61,94257,4367],{"class":79},[61,94259,116],{"class":75},[61,94261,94262,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272,94274,94276,94278,94280,94282],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94263,3658],{"class":75},[61,94265,675],{"class":79},[61,94267,83],{"class":75},[61,94269,680],{"class":79},[61,94271,83],{"class":75},[61,94273,86],{"class":79},[61,94275,83],{"class":75},[61,94277,91],{"class":79},[61,94279,83],{"class":75},[61,94281,693],{"class":79},[61,94283,94],{"class":75},[61,94285,94286,94288,94290,94292,94294,94296],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,94287,183],{"class":71},[61,94289,187],{"class":186},[61,94291,191],{"class":190},[61,94293,640],{"class":194},[61,94295,198],{"class":190},[61,94297,201],{"class":71},[61,94299,94300,94302,94304,94306,94308,94310],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,94301,183],{"class":71},[61,94303,187],{"class":186},[61,94305,191],{"class":190},[61,94307,7852],{"class":194},[61,94309,198],{"class":190},[61,94311,201],{"class":71},[61,94313,94314],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,94315,3738],{"class":3609},[61,94317,94318],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,94319,2707],{"class":79},[47,94321,1620],{"id":1619},[408,94323,14658,94325,94327],{"id":94324},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[18,94326,618],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94329,46123,94330,94332],{},[18,94331,618],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[408,94334,94336,94337,10844,94339,2251],{"id":94335},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[18,94338,618],{},[18,94340,92825],{},[14,94342,94343,94345,94346,94348],{},[18,94344,618],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[18,94347,92825],{}," creates a full list.",[408,94350,94352],{"id":94351},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94354,94355],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94357,1109],{},[52,94359,94361],{"className":54,"code":94360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[18,94362,94363,94377],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94364,94365,94367,94369,94371,94373,94375],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94366,92964],{"class":67},[61,94368,72],{"class":71},[61,94370,53828],{"class":129},[61,94372,109],{"class":75},[61,94374,645],{"class":79},[61,94376,116],{"class":75},[61,94378,94379,94381,94383,94385,94387,94389],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94380,130],{"class":129},[61,94382,109],{"class":75},[61,94384,60259],{"class":112},[61,94386,3658],{"class":75},[61,94388,80],{"class":79},[61,94390,1137],{"class":75},[14,94392,157],{},[52,94394,94395],{"className":54,"code":46675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,94396,94397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94398,94399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94400,46675],{"class":79},[408,94402,4921,94404,94406],{"id":94403},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[18,94405,94104],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94408,94409,94410,94413],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[18,94411,94412],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[408,94415,94417,94418,94420],{"id":94416},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[18,94419,618],{}," to a list?",[14,94422,94423],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[47,94425,1664],{"id":1663},[26,94427,94428,94434,94440,94447,94453],{},[29,94429,94430],{},[235,94431,3332,94432,3265],{"href":92809},[18,94433,618],{},[29,94435,94436],{},[235,94437,3332,94438,3265],{"href":64593},[18,94439,24538],{},[29,94441,94442],{},[235,94443,3332,94444,94446],{"href":93262},[18,94445,5717],{}," loops explained",[29,94448,94449],{},[235,94450,37275,94451,36365],{"href":93628},[18,94452,35505],{},[29,94454,94455],{},[235,94456,25879,94457],{"href":35175},[18,94458,34011],{},[1693,94460,94461],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":94463},[94464,94465,94466,94468,94470,94472,94474,94475,94476,94477,94488],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":92928,"depth":97,"text":92929},{"id":93160,"depth":97,"text":94467},"What range() gives you",{"id":93373,"depth":97,"text":94469},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93498,"depth":97,"text":94471},"When to use range()",{"id":93633,"depth":97,"text":94473},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15351,"depth":97,"text":15352},{"id":93952,"depth":97,"text":93953},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":94478},[94479,94481,94483,94484,94486],{"id":94324,"depth":119,"text":94480},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94335,"depth":119,"text":94482},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94351,"depth":119,"text":94352},{"id":94403,"depth":119,"text":94485},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94416,"depth":119,"text":94487},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92815,"description":94489},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94496,"title":94497,"body":94498,"description":95934,"extension":1727,"meta":95935,"navigation":122,"path":95936,"seo":95937,"stem":95938,"__hash__":95939},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94499,"toc":95900},[94500,94506,94511,94514,94528,94531,94533,94572,94574,94587,94595,94600,94616,94619,94621,94623,94644,94661,94664,94723,94725,94744,94749,94755,94758,94792,94794,94807,94810,94855,94857,94880,94887,94893,94896,94937,94939,94953,94956,95014,95016,95031,95044,95050,95056,95121,95123,95142,95144,95162,95165,95169,95175,95177,95210,95212,95225,95235,95238,95299,95301,95322,95325,95327,95343,95348,95352,95357,95362,95418,95420,95438,95441,95486,95488,95496,95501,95505,95519,95521,95553,95555,95564,95566,95570,95579,95582,95614,95616,95628,95631,95635,95640,95681,95683,95691,95694,95717,95721,95723,95732,95735,95788,95790,95799,95803,95808,95819,95821,95830,95833,95839,95842,95848,95858,95866,95873,95875,95897],[10,94501,3332,94503,3336],{"id":94502},"python-round-function-explained",[18,94504,94505],{},"round()",[14,94507,16,94508,94510],{},[18,94509,94505],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94512,94513],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[26,94515,94516,94522],{},[29,94517,94518,94521],{},[18,94519,94520],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[29,94523,94524,94527],{},[18,94525,94526],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94529,94530],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[47,94532,50],{"id":49},[52,94534,94536],{"className":54,"code":94535,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[18,94537,94538,94554],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94539,94540,94542,94544,94547,94549,94552],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94541,130],{"class":129},[61,94543,109],{"class":75},[61,94545,94546],{"class":129},"round",[61,94548,109],{"class":75},[61,94550,94551],{"class":79},"3.14159",[61,94553,154],{"class":75},[61,94555,94556,94558,94560,94562,94564,94566,94568,94570],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94557,130],{"class":129},[61,94559,109],{"class":75},[61,94561,94546],{"class":129},[61,94563,109],{"class":75},[61,94565,94551],{"class":79},[61,94567,83],{"class":75},[61,94569,86],{"class":79},[61,94571,154],{"class":75},[14,94573,157],{},[52,94575,94577],{"className":54,"code":94576,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n3.14\n",[18,94578,94579,94583],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94580,94581],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94582,46375],{"class":79},[61,94584,94585],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94586,39934],{"class":79},[14,94588,204,94589,94591,94592,94594],{},[18,94590,94520],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[18,94593,94526],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[47,94596,3435,94598,3438],{"id":94597},"what-round-does",[18,94599,94505],{},[26,94601,94602,94607,94610,94613],{},[29,94603,94604,94606],{},[18,94605,94505],{}," is a built-in Python function",[29,94608,94609],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[29,94611,94612],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[29,94614,94615],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94617,94618],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[47,94620,248],{"id":247},[14,94622,1922],{},[52,94624,94626],{"className":54,"code":94625,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[18,94627,94628],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94629,94630,94632,94634,94636,94639,94642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94631,94546],{"class":129},[61,94633,109],{"class":75},[61,94635,2001],{"class":112},[61,94637,94638],{"class":75},"[,",[61,94640,94641],{"class":112}," ndigits",[61,94643,1137],{"class":75},[26,94645,94646,94651,94656],{},[29,94647,94648,94650],{},[18,94649,2001],{}," is the value to round",[29,94652,94653,19795],{},[18,94654,94655],{},"ndigits",[29,94657,94658,94660],{},[18,94659,94655],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94662,94663],{},"Basic examples:",[52,94665,94667],{"className":54,"code":94666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[18,94668,94669,94684,94702],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94670,94671,94673,94675,94677,94679,94682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94672,130],{"class":129},[61,94674,109],{"class":75},[61,94676,94546],{"class":129},[61,94678,109],{"class":75},[61,94680,94681],{"class":79},"7.8",[61,94683,154],{"class":75},[61,94685,94686,94688,94690,94692,94694,94696,94698,94700],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94687,130],{"class":129},[61,94689,109],{"class":75},[61,94691,94546],{"class":129},[61,94693,109],{"class":75},[61,94695,94681],{"class":79},[61,94697,83],{"class":75},[61,94699,680],{"class":79},[61,94701,154],{"class":75},[61,94703,94704,94706,94708,94710,94712,94715,94717,94719,94721],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,94705,130],{"class":129},[61,94707,109],{"class":75},[61,94709,94546],{"class":129},[61,94711,109],{"class":75},[61,94713,94714],{"class":79},"1234",[61,94716,83],{"class":75},[61,94718,1984],{"class":71},[61,94720,1821],{"class":79},[61,94722,154],{"class":75},[14,94724,157],{},[52,94726,94728],{"className":54,"code":94727,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[18,94729,94730,94734,94739],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94731,94732],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94733,2142],{"class":79},[61,94735,94736],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94737,94738],{"class":79},"7.8\n",[61,94740,94741],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,94742,94743],{"class":79},"1200\n",[14,94745,94746,94747,244],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[235,94748,2181],{"href":2180},[47,94750,8175,94752,94754],{"id":94751},"using-round-with-one-argument",[18,94753,94505],{}," with one argument",[14,94756,94757],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[52,94759,94761],{"className":54,"code":94760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[18,94762,94763,94777],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94764,94765,94767,94769,94771,94773,94775],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94766,130],{"class":129},[61,94768,109],{"class":75},[61,94770,94546],{"class":129},[61,94772,109],{"class":75},[61,94774,2123],{"class":79},[61,94776,154],{"class":75},[61,94778,94779,94781,94783,94785,94787,94790],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94780,130],{"class":129},[61,94782,109],{"class":75},[61,94784,94546],{"class":129},[61,94786,109],{"class":75},[61,94788,94789],{"class":79},"4.8",[61,94791,154],{"class":75},[14,94793,157],{},[52,94795,94797],{"className":54,"code":94796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4\n5\n",[18,94798,94799,94803],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94800,94801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94802,48409],{"class":79},[61,94804,94805],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94806,2707],{"class":79},[14,94808,94809],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[52,94811,94813],{"className":54,"code":94812,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,94814,94815,94831,94841],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94816,94817,94819,94821,94824,94826,94829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94818,100],{"class":67},[61,94820,72],{"class":71},[61,94822,94823],{"class":129}," round",[61,94825,109],{"class":75},[61,94827,94828],{"class":79},"10.2",[61,94830,116],{"class":75},[61,94832,94833,94835,94837,94839],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94834,130],{"class":129},[61,94836,109],{"class":75},[61,94838,135],{"class":112},[61,94840,116],{"class":75},[61,94842,94843,94845,94847,94849,94851,94853],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,94844,130],{"class":129},[61,94846,109],{"class":75},[61,94848,147],{"class":105},[61,94850,109],{"class":75},[61,94852,135],{"class":112},[61,94854,154],{"class":75},[14,94856,157],{},[52,94858,94860],{"className":54,"code":94859,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,94861,94862,94866],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94863,94864],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94865,2137],{"class":79},[61,94867,94868,94870,94872,94874,94876,94878],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94869,183],{"class":71},[61,94871,187],{"class":186},[61,94873,191],{"class":190},[61,94875,1279],{"class":194},[61,94877,198],{"class":190},[61,94879,201],{"class":71},[14,94881,94882,94883,244],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[235,94884,3332,94885,3265],{"href":2634},[18,94886,2637],{},[47,94888,8175,94890,94892],{"id":94889},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[18,94891,94505],{}," with decimal places",[14,94894,94895],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[52,94897,94899],{"className":54,"code":94898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[18,94900,94901,94919],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94902,94903,94905,94907,94909,94911,94913,94915,94917],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94904,130],{"class":129},[61,94906,109],{"class":75},[61,94908,94546],{"class":129},[61,94910,109],{"class":75},[61,94912,94551],{"class":79},[61,94914,83],{"class":75},[61,94916,86],{"class":79},[61,94918,154],{"class":75},[61,94920,94921,94923,94925,94927,94929,94931,94933,94935],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94922,130],{"class":129},[61,94924,109],{"class":75},[61,94926,94546],{"class":129},[61,94928,109],{"class":75},[61,94930,94551],{"class":79},[61,94932,83],{"class":75},[61,94934,91],{"class":79},[61,94936,154],{"class":75},[14,94938,157],{},[52,94940,94942],{"className":54,"code":94941,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14\n3.142\n",[18,94943,94944,94948],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94945,94946],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94947,39934],{"class":79},[61,94949,94950],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94951,94952],{"class":79},"3.142\n",[14,94954,94955],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[52,94957,94959],{"className":54,"code":94958,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[18,94960,94961,94970,94989,94993,95003],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94962,94963,94965,94967],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94964,40144],{"class":67},[61,94966,72],{"class":71},[61,94968,94969],{"class":79}," 19.9876\n",[61,94971,94972,94975,94977,94979,94981,94983,94985,94987],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,94973,94974],{"class":67},"rounded_price ",[61,94976,72],{"class":71},[61,94978,94823],{"class":129},[61,94980,109],{"class":75},[61,94982,24907],{"class":112},[61,94984,83],{"class":75},[61,94986,86],{"class":79},[61,94988,116],{"class":75},[61,94990,94991],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,94992,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,94994,94995,94997,94999,95001],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,94996,130],{"class":129},[61,94998,109],{"class":75},[61,95000,24907],{"class":112},[61,95002,116],{"class":75},[61,95004,95005,95007,95009,95012],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,95006,130],{"class":129},[61,95008,109],{"class":75},[61,95010,95011],{"class":112},"rounded_price",[61,95013,116],{"class":75},[14,95015,157],{},[52,95017,95019],{"className":54,"code":95018,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[18,95020,95021,95026],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95022,95023],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95024,95025],{"class":79},"19.9876\n",[61,95027,95028],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95029,95030],{"class":79},"19.99\n",[14,95032,95033,95034,95037,95038,2638,95040,244],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[18,95035,95036],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[235,95039,40649],{"href":40648},[235,95041,3332,95042,3265],{"href":2641},[18,95043,2644],{},[47,95045,95047,95048],{"id":95046},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[18,95049,94655],{},[14,95051,95052,95053,95055],{},"A negative ",[18,95054,94655],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[52,95057,95059],{"className":54,"code":95058,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[18,95060,95061,95081,95101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95062,95063,95065,95067,95069,95071,95073,95075,95077,95079],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95064,130],{"class":129},[61,95066,109],{"class":75},[61,95068,94546],{"class":129},[61,95070,109],{"class":75},[61,95072,94714],{"class":79},[61,95074,83],{"class":75},[61,95076,1984],{"class":71},[61,95078,80],{"class":79},[61,95080,154],{"class":75},[61,95082,95083,95085,95087,95089,95091,95093,95095,95097,95099],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95084,130],{"class":129},[61,95086,109],{"class":75},[61,95088,94546],{"class":129},[61,95090,109],{"class":75},[61,95092,94714],{"class":79},[61,95094,83],{"class":75},[61,95096,1984],{"class":71},[61,95098,1821],{"class":79},[61,95100,154],{"class":75},[61,95102,95103,95105,95107,95109,95111,95113,95115,95117,95119],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,95104,130],{"class":129},[61,95106,109],{"class":75},[61,95108,94546],{"class":129},[61,95110,109],{"class":75},[61,95112,94714],{"class":79},[61,95114,83],{"class":75},[61,95116,1984],{"class":71},[61,95118,1827],{"class":79},[61,95120,154],{"class":75},[14,95122,157],{},[52,95124,95126],{"className":54,"code":95125,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[18,95127,95128,95133,95137],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95129,95130],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95131,95132],{"class":79},"1230\n",[61,95134,95135],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95136,94743],{"class":79},[61,95138,95139],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,95140,95141],{"class":79},"1000\n",[14,95143,65330],{},[26,95145,95146,95151,95157],{},[29,95147,95148,95150],{},[18,95149,65600],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[29,95152,95153,95156],{},[18,95154,95155],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[29,95158,95159,95161],{},[18,95160,47429],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95163,95164],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[47,95166,95168],{"id":95167},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95170,95171,95172,244],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[18,95173,95174],{},".5",[14,95176,1570],{},[52,95178,95180],{"className":54,"code":95179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[18,95181,95182,95196],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95183,95184,95186,95188,95190,95192,95194],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95185,130],{"class":129},[61,95187,109],{"class":75},[61,95189,94546],{"class":129},[61,95191,109],{"class":75},[61,95193,40915],{"class":79},[61,95195,154],{"class":75},[61,95197,95198,95200,95202,95204,95206,95208],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95199,130],{"class":129},[61,95201,109],{"class":75},[61,95203,94546],{"class":129},[61,95205,109],{"class":75},[61,95207,1804],{"class":79},[61,95209,154],{"class":75},[14,95211,157],{},[52,95213,95215],{"className":54,"code":95214,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n4\n",[18,95216,95217,95221],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95218,95219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95220,16813],{"class":79},[61,95222,95223],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95224,48409],{"class":79},[14,95226,95227,95228,95231,95232,95234],{},"Python uses ",[603,95229,95230],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[18,95233,95174],{}," situations.",[14,95236,95237],{},"More examples:",[52,95239,95241],{"className":54,"code":95240,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[18,95242,95243,95257,95271,95285],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95244,95245,95247,95249,95251,95253,95255],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95246,130],{"class":129},[61,95248,109],{"class":75},[61,95250,94546],{"class":129},[61,95252,109],{"class":75},[61,95254,40928],{"class":79},[61,95256,154],{"class":75},[61,95258,95259,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95260,130],{"class":129},[61,95262,109],{"class":75},[61,95264,94546],{"class":129},[61,95266,109],{"class":75},[61,95268,40915],{"class":79},[61,95270,154],{"class":75},[61,95272,95273,95275,95277,95279,95281,95283],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,95274,130],{"class":129},[61,95276,109],{"class":75},[61,95278,94546],{"class":129},[61,95280,109],{"class":75},[61,95282,1804],{"class":79},[61,95284,154],{"class":75},[61,95286,95287,95289,95291,95293,95295,95297],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,95288,130],{"class":129},[61,95290,109],{"class":75},[61,95292,94546],{"class":129},[61,95294,109],{"class":75},[61,95296,40880],{"class":79},[61,95298,154],{"class":75},[14,95300,157],{},[52,95302,95304],{"className":54,"code":95303,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[18,95305,95306,95310,95314,95318],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95307,95308],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95309,16813],{"class":79},[61,95311,95312],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95313,16813],{"class":79},[61,95315,95316],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,95317,48409],{"class":79},[61,95319,95320],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,95321,48409],{"class":79},[14,95323,95324],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95326,10464],{},[26,95328,95329,95336],{},[29,95330,95331,1897,95334],{},[18,95332,95333],{},"round(2.5)",[18,95335,1821],{},[29,95337,95338,1897,95341],{},[18,95339,95340],{},"round(3.5)",[18,95342,1129],{},[14,95344,2928,95345,95347],{},[18,95346,95174],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[47,95349,95351],{"id":95350},"return-values","Return values",[14,95353,95354,95356],{},[18,95355,94505],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95358,1386,95359,95361],{},[603,95360,605],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[52,95363,95365],{"className":54,"code":95364,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[18,95366,95367,95376,95380,95390,95408],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95368,95369,95371,95373],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95370,1580],{"class":67},[61,95372,72],{"class":71},[61,95374,95375],{"class":79}," 3.14159\n",[61,95377,95378],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95379,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,95381,95382,95384,95386,95388],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,95383,130],{"class":129},[61,95385,109],{"class":75},[61,95387,1605],{"class":112},[61,95389,116],{"class":75},[61,95391,95392,95394,95396,95398,95400,95402,95404,95406],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,95393,130],{"class":129},[61,95395,109],{"class":75},[61,95397,94546],{"class":129},[61,95399,109],{"class":75},[61,95401,1605],{"class":112},[61,95403,83],{"class":75},[61,95405,86],{"class":79},[61,95407,154],{"class":75},[61,95409,95410,95412,95414,95416],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,95411,130],{"class":129},[61,95413,109],{"class":75},[61,95415,1605],{"class":112},[61,95417,116],{"class":75},[14,95419,157],{},[52,95421,95423],{"className":54,"code":95422,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[18,95424,95425,95430,95434],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95426,95427],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95428,95429],{"class":79},"3.14159\n",[61,95431,95432],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95433,39934],{"class":79},[61,95435,95436],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,95437,95429],{"class":79},[14,95439,95440],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[52,95442,95444],{"className":54,"code":95443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95445,95446,95454,95472,95476],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95447,95448,95450,95452],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95449,1580],{"class":67},[61,95451,72],{"class":71},[61,95453,95375],{"class":79},[61,95455,95456,95458,95460,95462,95464,95466,95468,95470],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95457,1580],{"class":67},[61,95459,72],{"class":71},[61,95461,94823],{"class":129},[61,95463,109],{"class":75},[61,95465,1605],{"class":112},[61,95467,83],{"class":75},[61,95469,86],{"class":79},[61,95471,116],{"class":75},[61,95473,95474],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,95475,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,95477,95478,95480,95482,95484],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,95479,130],{"class":129},[61,95481,109],{"class":75},[61,95483,1605],{"class":112},[61,95485,116],{"class":75},[14,95487,157],{},[52,95489,95490],{"className":54,"code":39934,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,95491,95492],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95493,95494],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95495,39934],{"class":79},[47,95497,4723,95499],{"id":95498},"when-to-use-round",[18,95500,94505],{},[14,95502,204,95503,6076],{},[18,95504,94505],{},[26,95506,95507,95510,95513,95516],{},[29,95508,95509],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[29,95511,95512],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[29,95514,95515],{},"Round values before reporting results",[29,95517,95518],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95520,1570],{},[52,95522,95524],{"className":54,"code":95523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[18,95525,95526,95535],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95527,95528,95530,95532],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95529,2355],{"class":67},[61,95531,72],{"class":71},[61,95533,95534],{"class":79}," 12.67891\n",[61,95536,95537,95539,95541,95543,95545,95547,95549,95551],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95538,130],{"class":129},[61,95540,109],{"class":75},[61,95542,94546],{"class":129},[61,95544,109],{"class":75},[61,95546,2378],{"class":112},[61,95548,83],{"class":75},[61,95550,86],{"class":79},[61,95552,154],{"class":75},[14,95554,157],{},[52,95556,95558],{"className":54,"code":95557,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"12.68\n",[18,95559,95560],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95561,95562],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95563,95557],{"class":79},[47,95565,2590],{"id":2589},[14,95567,22852,95568,244],{},[18,95569,94505],{},[408,95571,8211,95573,95575,95576,95578],{"id":95572},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[18,95574,94505],{}," to always round ",[18,95577,95174],{}," upward",[14,95580,95581],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[52,95583,95584],{"className":54,"code":95179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,95585,95586,95600],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95587,95588,95590,95592,95594,95596,95598],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95589,130],{"class":129},[61,95591,109],{"class":75},[61,95593,94546],{"class":129},[61,95595,109],{"class":75},[61,95597,40915],{"class":79},[61,95599,154],{"class":75},[61,95601,95602,95604,95606,95608,95610,95612],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95603,130],{"class":129},[61,95605,109],{"class":75},[61,95607,94546],{"class":129},[61,95609,109],{"class":75},[61,95611,1804],{"class":79},[61,95613,154],{"class":75},[14,95615,157],{},[52,95617,95618],{"className":54,"code":95214,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,95619,95620,95624],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95621,95622],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95623,16813],{"class":79},[61,95625,95626],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95627,48409],{"class":79},[14,95629,95630],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[408,95632,95634],{"id":95633},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95636,95637,95639],{},[18,95638,94505],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[52,95641,95643],{"className":54,"code":95642,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95644,95645,95653,95667,95671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95646,95647,95649,95651],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95648,1580],{"class":67},[61,95650,72],{"class":71},[61,95652,95375],{"class":79},[61,95654,95655,95657,95659,95661,95663,95665],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95656,94546],{"class":129},[61,95658,109],{"class":75},[61,95660,1605],{"class":112},[61,95662,83],{"class":75},[61,95664,86],{"class":79},[61,95666,116],{"class":75},[61,95668,95669],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,95670,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,95672,95673,95675,95677,95679],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,95674,130],{"class":129},[61,95676,109],{"class":75},[61,95678,1605],{"class":112},[61,95680,116],{"class":75},[14,95682,157],{},[52,95684,95685],{"className":54,"code":95429,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,95686,95687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95688,95689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95690,95429],{"class":79},[14,95692,95693],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[52,95695,95697],{"className":54,"code":95696,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[18,95698,95699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95700,95701,95703,95705,95707,95709,95711,95713,95715],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95702,1580],{"class":67},[61,95704,72],{"class":71},[61,95706,94823],{"class":129},[61,95708,109],{"class":75},[61,95710,1605],{"class":112},[61,95712,83],{"class":75},[61,95714,86],{"class":79},[61,95716,116],{"class":75},[408,95718,95720],{"id":95719},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95722,16157],{},[52,95724,95726],{"className":54,"code":95725,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[18,95727,95728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95729,95730],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95731,95725],{"class":3420},[14,95733,95734],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[52,95736,95738],{"className":54,"code":95737,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[18,95739,95740,95752,95766,95770],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95741,95742,95744,95746,95748,95750],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95743,517],{"class":67},[61,95745,72],{"class":71},[61,95747,522],{"class":190},[61,95749,39900],{"class":194},[61,95751,528],{"class":190},[61,95753,95754,95756,95758,95760,95762,95764],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95755,1979],{"class":67},[61,95757,72],{"class":71},[61,95759,40012],{"class":105},[61,95761,109],{"class":75},[61,95763,541],{"class":112},[61,95765,116],{"class":75},[61,95767,95768],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,95769,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,95771,95772,95774,95776,95778,95780,95782,95784,95786],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,95773,130],{"class":129},[61,95775,109],{"class":75},[61,95777,94546],{"class":129},[61,95779,109],{"class":75},[61,95781,2001],{"class":112},[61,95783,83],{"class":75},[61,95785,680],{"class":79},[61,95787,154],{"class":75},[14,95789,157],{},[52,95791,95793],{"className":54,"code":95792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.1\n",[18,95794,95795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95796,95797],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95798,95792],{"class":79},[408,95800,95802],{"id":95801},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,95804,95805,95807],{},[18,95806,94505],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,95809,95810,95811,2638,95815,244],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[235,95812,95813],{"href":2641},[18,95814,2644],{},[235,95816,95817],{"href":2634},[18,95818,2637],{},[47,95820,1620],{"id":1619},[408,95822,12459,95824,95826,95827,95829],{"id":95823},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[18,95825,94505],{}," always round ",[18,95828,39971],{}," up?",[14,95831,95832],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[408,95834,12459,95836,95838],{"id":95835},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[18,95837,94505],{}," change the original number?",[14,95840,95841],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[408,95843,4933,95845,95847],{"id":95844},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[18,95846,94505],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,95849,95850,95851,95853,95854,2638,95856,244],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[18,95852,94655],{}," value like ",[18,95855,65600],{},[18,95857,95155],{},[408,95859,28085,95861,95863,95864,2251],{"id":95860},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[18,95862,94505],{}," on a string like ",[18,95865,47853],{},[14,95867,95868,95869,2638,95871,244],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[18,95870,2644],{},[18,95872,2637],{},[47,95874,1664],{"id":1663},[26,95876,95877,95883,95889,95893],{},[29,95878,95879],{},[235,95880,3332,95881,3265],{"href":2641},[18,95882,2644],{},[29,95884,95885],{},[235,95886,3332,95887,3265],{"href":2634},[18,95888,2637],{},[29,95890,95891],{},[235,95892,2181],{"href":2180},[29,95894,95895],{},[235,95896,41938],{"href":40648},[1693,95898,95899],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":95901},[95902,95903,95905,95906,95908,95910,95912,95913,95914,95916,95923,95933],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":94597,"depth":97,"text":95904},"What round() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":94751,"depth":97,"text":95907},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94889,"depth":97,"text":95909},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95046,"depth":97,"text":95911},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95167,"depth":97,"text":95168},{"id":95350,"depth":97,"text":95351},{"id":95498,"depth":97,"text":95915},"When to use round()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":95917},[95918,95920,95921,95922],{"id":95572,"depth":119,"text":95919},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95633,"depth":119,"text":95634},{"id":95719,"depth":119,"text":95720},{"id":95801,"depth":119,"text":95802},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":95924},[95925,95927,95929,95931],{"id":95823,"depth":119,"text":95926},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95835,"depth":119,"text":95928},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95844,"depth":119,"text":95930},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95860,"depth":119,"text":95932},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94497,"description":95934},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95941,"title":95942,"body":95943,"description":97128,"extension":1727,"meta":97129,"navigation":122,"path":97130,"seo":97131,"stem":97132,"__hash__":97133},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95944,"toc":97102},[95945,95952,95958,95961,95963,96012,96016,96041,96046,96051,96056,96070,96081,96083,96102,96104,96120,96123,96134,96136,96138,96199,96203,96236,96243,96250,96253,96286,96289,96293,96296,96349,96353,96374,96380,96387,96394,96455,96463,96540,96544,96556,96565,96567,96573,96579,96583,96636,96639,96697,96701,96709,96712,96716,96719,96729,96731,96828,96831,96842,96845,96888,96892,96916,96919,96925,96927,96931,96956,96958,97025,97034,97036,97042,97047,97051,97054,97058,97065,97069,97074,97076,97093,97099],[10,95946,95948,95949,11075],{"id":95947},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[18,95950,95951],{},"add()",[14,95953,95954,95957],{},[18,95955,95956],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,95959,95960],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[47,95962,50],{"id":49},[52,95964,95966],{"className":54,"code":95965,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,95967,95968,95988,96002],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95969,95970,95972,95974,95976,95978,95980,95982,95984,95986],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95971,68],{"class":67},[61,95973,72],{"class":71},[61,95975,717],{"class":75},[61,95977,80],{"class":79},[61,95979,83],{"class":75},[61,95981,86],{"class":79},[61,95983,83],{"class":75},[61,95985,91],{"class":79},[61,95987,730],{"class":75},[61,95989,95990,95992,95994,95996,95998,96000],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,95991,113],{"class":67},[61,95993,244],{"class":75},[61,95995,81852],{"class":112},[61,95997,109],{"class":75},[61,95999,1129],{"class":79},[61,96001,116],{"class":75},[61,96003,96004,96006,96008,96010],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,96005,130],{"class":129},[61,96007,109],{"class":75},[61,96009,113],{"class":112},[61,96011,116],{"class":75},[14,96013,96014],{},[603,96015,157],{},[52,96017,96019],{"className":54,"code":96018,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,96020,96021],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96022,96023,96025,96027,96029,96031,96033,96035,96037,96039],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96024,9033],{"class":75},[61,96026,80],{"class":79},[61,96028,83],{"class":75},[61,96030,86],{"class":79},[61,96032,83],{"class":75},[61,96034,91],{"class":79},[61,96036,83],{"class":75},[61,96038,693],{"class":79},[61,96040,730],{"class":75},[14,96042,204,96043,96045],{},[18,96044,95951],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[47,96047,3435,96049,3438],{"id":96048},"what-setadd-does",[18,96050,95956],{},[14,96052,96053,96055],{},[18,96054,95956],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[26,96057,96058,96061,96064,96067],{},[29,96059,96060],{},"Adds one item to a set",[29,96062,96063],{},"Changes the original set in place",[29,96065,96066],{},"Does not return a new set",[29,96068,96069],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96071,96072,96073,2638,96077,244],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[235,96074,96076],{"href":96075},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[235,96078,96080],{"href":96079},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[47,96082,248],{"id":247},[52,96084,96086],{"className":54,"code":96085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.add(item)\n",[18,96087,96088],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96089,96090,96092,96094,96096,96098,96100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96091,15422],{"class":67},[61,96093,244],{"class":75},[61,96095,81852],{"class":112},[61,96097,109],{"class":75},[61,96099,23068],{"class":112},[61,96101,116],{"class":75},[14,96103,277],{},[26,96105,96106,96111,96114],{},[29,96107,55667,96108,96110],{},[18,96109,95951],{}," on an existing set",[29,96112,96113],{},"Pass exactly one item",[29,96115,96116,96117],{},"The item must be ",[603,96118,96119],{},"hashable",[14,96121,96122],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[26,96124,96125,96127,96129,96132],{},[29,96126,56220],{},[29,96128,56223],{},[29,96130,96131],{},"Tuples",[29,96133,40352],{},[47,96135,11228],{"id":11227},[14,96137,11231],{},[52,96139,96141],{"className":54,"code":96140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,96142,96143,96167,96185,96189],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96144,96145,96147,96149,96151,96153,96155,96157,96159,96161,96163,96165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96146,12831],{"class":67},[61,96148,72],{"class":71},[61,96150,717],{"class":75},[61,96152,816],{"class":190},[61,96154,12848],{"class":194},[61,96156,816],{"class":190},[61,96158,83],{"class":75},[61,96160,522],{"class":190},[61,96162,12865],{"class":194},[61,96164,816],{"class":190},[61,96166,730],{"class":75},[61,96168,96169,96171,96173,96175,96177,96179,96181,96183],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96170,17259],{"class":67},[61,96172,244],{"class":75},[61,96174,81852],{"class":112},[61,96176,109],{"class":75},[61,96178,816],{"class":190},[61,96180,17212],{"class":194},[61,96182,816],{"class":190},[61,96184,116],{"class":75},[61,96186,96187],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,96188,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,96190,96191,96193,96195,96197],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,96192,130],{"class":129},[61,96194,109],{"class":75},[61,96196,17259],{"class":112},[61,96198,116],{"class":75},[14,96200,96201],{},[603,96202,879],{},[52,96204,96206],{"className":54,"code":96205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[18,96207,96208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96209,96210,96212,96214,96216,96218,96220,96222,96224,96226,96228,96230,96232,96234],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96211,9033],{"class":75},[61,96213,198],{"class":190},[61,96215,12848],{"class":194},[61,96217,198],{"class":190},[61,96219,83],{"class":75},[61,96221,191],{"class":190},[61,96223,17212],{"class":194},[61,96225,198],{"class":190},[61,96227,83],{"class":75},[61,96229,191],{"class":190},[61,96231,12865],{"class":194},[61,96233,198],{"class":190},[61,96235,730],{"class":75},[14,96237,96238,96239,96242],{},"The new value ",[18,96240,96241],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96244,96245,96246,96249],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[603,96247,96248],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96251,96252],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[52,96254,96256],{"className":54,"code":96255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[18,96257,96258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96259,96260,96262,96264,96266,96268,96270,96272,96274,96276,96278,96280,96282,96284],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96261,9033],{"class":75},[61,96263,198],{"class":190},[61,96265,12865],{"class":194},[61,96267,198],{"class":190},[61,96269,83],{"class":75},[61,96271,191],{"class":190},[61,96273,12848],{"class":194},[61,96275,198],{"class":190},[61,96277,83],{"class":75},[61,96279,191],{"class":190},[61,96281,17212],{"class":194},[61,96283,198],{"class":190},[61,96285,730],{"class":75},[14,96287,96288],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[47,96290,96292],{"id":96291},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96294,96295],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[52,96297,96299],{"className":54,"code":96298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96300,96301,96321,96335,96339],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96302,96303,96305,96307,96309,96311,96313,96315,96317,96319],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96304,68],{"class":67},[61,96306,72],{"class":71},[61,96308,717],{"class":75},[61,96310,80],{"class":79},[61,96312,83],{"class":75},[61,96314,86],{"class":79},[61,96316,83],{"class":75},[61,96318,91],{"class":79},[61,96320,730],{"class":75},[61,96322,96323,96325,96327,96329,96331,96333],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96324,113],{"class":67},[61,96326,244],{"class":75},[61,96328,81852],{"class":112},[61,96330,109],{"class":75},[61,96332,1821],{"class":79},[61,96334,116],{"class":75},[61,96336,96337],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,96338,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,96340,96341,96343,96345,96347],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,96342,130],{"class":129},[61,96344,109],{"class":75},[61,96346,113],{"class":112},[61,96348,116],{"class":75},[14,96350,96351],{},[603,96352,157],{},[52,96354,96356],{"className":54,"code":96355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,96357,96358],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96359,96360,96362,96364,96366,96368,96370,96372],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96361,9033],{"class":75},[61,96363,80],{"class":79},[61,96365,83],{"class":75},[61,96367,86],{"class":79},[61,96369,83],{"class":75},[61,96371,91],{"class":79},[61,96373,730],{"class":75},[14,96375,96376,96377,96379],{},"The set stays the same because ",[18,96378,1821],{}," was already present.",[47,96381,96383,10337,96385],{"id":96382},"add-vs-update",[18,96384,95951],{},[18,96386,14709],{},[14,96388,204,96389,96391,96392,244],{},[18,96390,95951],{}," when you want to add ",[603,96393,52414],{},[52,96395,96397],{"className":54,"code":96396,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96398,96399,96423,96441,96445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96400,96401,96403,96405,96407,96409,96411,96413,96415,96417,96419,96421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96402,35847],{"class":67},[61,96404,72],{"class":71},[61,96406,717],{"class":75},[61,96408,816],{"class":190},[61,96410,235],{"class":194},[61,96412,816],{"class":190},[61,96414,83],{"class":75},[61,96416,522],{"class":190},[61,96418,1480],{"class":194},[61,96420,816],{"class":190},[61,96422,730],{"class":75},[61,96424,96425,96427,96429,96431,96433,96435,96437,96439],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96426,35900],{"class":67},[61,96428,244],{"class":75},[61,96430,81852],{"class":112},[61,96432,109],{"class":75},[61,96434,816],{"class":190},[61,96436,573],{"class":194},[61,96438,816],{"class":190},[61,96440,116],{"class":75},[61,96442,96443],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,96444,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,96446,96447,96449,96451,96453],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,96448,130],{"class":129},[61,96450,109],{"class":75},[61,96452,35900],{"class":112},[61,96454,116],{"class":75},[14,96456,204,96457,96391,96459,96462],{},[18,96458,14709],{},[603,96460,96461],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[52,96464,96466],{"className":54,"code":96465,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96467,96468,96492,96526,96530],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96469,96470,96472,96474,96476,96478,96480,96482,96484,96486,96488,96490],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96471,35847],{"class":67},[61,96473,72],{"class":71},[61,96475,717],{"class":75},[61,96477,816],{"class":190},[61,96479,235],{"class":194},[61,96481,816],{"class":190},[61,96483,83],{"class":75},[61,96485,522],{"class":190},[61,96487,1480],{"class":194},[61,96489,816],{"class":190},[61,96491,730],{"class":75},[61,96493,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506,96508,96510,96512,96514,96516,96518,96520,96522,96524],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96495,35900],{"class":67},[61,96497,244],{"class":75},[61,96499,30219],{"class":112},[61,96501,1126],{"class":75},[61,96503,816],{"class":190},[61,96505,573],{"class":194},[61,96507,816],{"class":190},[61,96509,83],{"class":75},[61,96511,522],{"class":190},[61,96513,18523],{"class":194},[61,96515,816],{"class":190},[61,96517,83],{"class":75},[61,96519,522],{"class":190},[61,96521,1353],{"class":194},[61,96523,816],{"class":190},[61,96525,1137],{"class":75},[61,96527,96528],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,96529,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,96531,96532,96534,96536,96538],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,96533,130],{"class":129},[61,96535,109],{"class":75},[61,96537,35900],{"class":112},[61,96539,116],{"class":75},[408,96541,96543],{"id":96542},"key-difference","Key difference",[26,96545,96546,96551],{},[29,96547,96548,96550],{},[18,96549,95951],{}," adds one item",[29,96552,96553,96555],{},[18,96554,14709],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96557,96558,96559,244],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[235,96560,96562,96563,10492],{"href":96561},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[18,96564,14709],{},[47,96566,17175],{"id":17174},[14,96568,96569,2158,96571,244],{},[18,96570,95956],{},[18,96572,3536],{},[14,96574,96575,96576,96578],{},"That means you should ",[603,96577,605],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[408,96580,96582],{"id":96581},"correct","Correct",[52,96584,96586],{"className":54,"code":96585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96587,96588,96608,96622,96626],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96589,96590,96592,96594,96596,96598,96600,96602,96604,96606],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96591,15384],{"class":67},[61,96593,72],{"class":71},[61,96595,717],{"class":75},[61,96597,80],{"class":79},[61,96599,83],{"class":75},[61,96601,86],{"class":79},[61,96603,83],{"class":75},[61,96605,91],{"class":79},[61,96607,730],{"class":75},[61,96609,96610,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96611,15422],{"class":67},[61,96613,244],{"class":75},[61,96615,81852],{"class":112},[61,96617,109],{"class":75},[61,96619,1129],{"class":79},[61,96621,116],{"class":75},[61,96623,96624],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,96625,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,96627,96628,96630,96632,96634],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,96629,130],{"class":129},[61,96631,109],{"class":75},[61,96633,15422],{"class":112},[61,96635,116],{"class":75},[408,96637,96638],{"id":61523},"Wrong",[52,96640,96642],{"className":54,"code":96641,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96643,96644,96664,96683,96687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96645,96646,96648,96650,96652,96654,96656,96658,96660,96662],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96647,15384],{"class":67},[61,96649,72],{"class":71},[61,96651,717],{"class":75},[61,96653,80],{"class":79},[61,96655,83],{"class":75},[61,96657,86],{"class":79},[61,96659,83],{"class":75},[61,96661,91],{"class":79},[61,96663,730],{"class":75},[61,96665,96666,96668,96670,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96667,15384],{"class":67},[61,96669,72],{"class":71},[61,96671,96672],{"class":67}," my_set",[61,96674,244],{"class":75},[61,96676,81852],{"class":112},[61,96678,109],{"class":75},[61,96680,1129],{"class":79},[61,96682,116],{"class":75},[61,96684,96685],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,96686,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,96688,96689,96691,96693,96695],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,96690,130],{"class":129},[61,96692,109],{"class":75},[61,96694,15422],{"class":112},[61,96696,116],{"class":75},[14,96698,96699],{},[603,96700,157],{},[52,96702,96703],{"className":54,"code":11562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,96704,96705],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96706,96707],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96708,11562],{"class":3609},[14,96710,96711],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[47,96713,96715],{"id":96714},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96717,96718],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[26,96720,96721,96723,96725,96727],{},[29,96722,56220],{},[29,96724,56223],{},[29,96726,96131],{},[29,96728,40352],{},[14,96730,1109],{},[52,96732,96734],{"className":54,"code":96733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,96735,96736,96746,96750,96764,96782,96800,96814,96818],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96737,96738,96740,96742,96744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96739,7539],{"class":67},[61,96741,72],{"class":71},[61,96743,15389],{"class":105},[61,96745,263],{"class":75},[61,96747,96748],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96749,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,96751,96752,96754,96756,96758,96760,96762],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,96753,993],{"class":67},[61,96755,244],{"class":75},[61,96757,81852],{"class":112},[61,96759,109],{"class":75},[61,96761,430],{"class":79},[61,96763,116],{"class":75},[61,96765,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774,96776,96778,96780],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,96767,993],{"class":67},[61,96769,244],{"class":75},[61,96771,81852],{"class":112},[61,96773,109],{"class":75},[61,96775,816],{"class":190},[61,96777,1323],{"class":194},[61,96779,816],{"class":190},[61,96781,116],{"class":75},[61,96783,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792,96794,96796,96798],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,96785,993],{"class":67},[61,96787,244],{"class":75},[61,96789,81852],{"class":112},[61,96791,1028],{"class":75},[61,96793,80],{"class":79},[61,96795,83],{"class":75},[61,96797,86],{"class":79},[61,96799,154],{"class":75},[61,96801,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,96803,993],{"class":67},[61,96805,244],{"class":75},[61,96807,81852],{"class":112},[61,96809,109],{"class":75},[61,96811,3361],{"class":3609},[61,96813,116],{"class":75},[61,96815,96816],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,96817,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,96819,96820,96822,96824,96826],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,96821,130],{"class":129},[61,96823,109],{"class":75},[61,96825,993],{"class":112},[61,96827,116],{"class":75},[14,96829,96830],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[26,96832,96833,96836,96839],{},[29,96834,96835],{},"Lists",[29,96837,96838],{},"Dictionaries",[29,96840,96841],{},"Sets",[14,96843,96844],{},"Example that causes an error:",[52,96846,96848],{"className":54,"code":96847,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[18,96849,96850,96870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96851,96852,96854,96856,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96853,7539],{"class":67},[61,96855,72],{"class":71},[61,96857,717],{"class":75},[61,96859,80],{"class":79},[61,96861,83],{"class":75},[61,96863,86],{"class":79},[61,96865,83],{"class":75},[61,96867,91],{"class":79},[61,96869,730],{"class":75},[61,96871,96872,96874,96876,96878,96880,96882,96884,96886],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96873,993],{"class":67},[61,96875,244],{"class":75},[61,96877,81852],{"class":112},[61,96879,1126],{"class":75},[61,96881,1129],{"class":79},[61,96883,83],{"class":75},[61,96885,4367],{"class":79},[61,96887,1137],{"class":75},[14,96889,96890],{},[603,96891,1262],{},[52,96893,96895],{"className":54,"code":96894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[18,96896,96897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96898,96899,96901,96903,96906,96908,96910,96912,96914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96900,1272],{"class":105},[61,96902,824],{"class":75},[61,96904,96905],{"class":67}," unhashable ",[61,96907,147],{"class":105},[61,96909,824],{"class":75},[61,96911,191],{"class":190},[61,96913,7852],{"class":194},[61,96915,29455],{"class":190},[14,96917,96918],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,96920,96921,96922,244],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[18,96923,96924],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[47,96926,2590],{"id":2589},[14,96928,14488,96929,824],{},[18,96930,95956],{},[26,96932,96933,96938,96943,96946,96953],{},[29,96934,8175,96935,96937],{},[18,96936,95951],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[29,96939,8211,96940,96942],{},[18,96941,95951],{}," to return the updated set",[29,96944,96945],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[29,96947,36960,96948,96950,96951],{},[18,96949,95956],{}," with list ",[18,96952,52410],{},[29,96954,96955],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,96957,71252],{},[52,96959,96961],{"className":54,"code":96960,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[18,96962,96963,96973,96987,96997,97011],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96964,96965,96967,96969,96971],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96966,130],{"class":129},[61,96968,109],{"class":75},[61,96970,15422],{"class":112},[61,96972,116],{"class":75},[61,96974,96975,96977,96979,96981,96983,96985],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,96976,130],{"class":129},[61,96978,109],{"class":75},[61,96980,147],{"class":105},[61,96982,109],{"class":75},[61,96984,15422],{"class":112},[61,96986,154],{"class":75},[61,96988,96989,96991,96993,96995],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,96990,130],{"class":129},[61,96992,109],{"class":75},[61,96994,1605],{"class":112},[61,96996,116],{"class":75},[61,96998,96999,97001,97003,97005,97007,97009],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,97000,130],{"class":129},[61,97002,109],{"class":75},[61,97004,147],{"class":105},[61,97006,109],{"class":75},[61,97008,1605],{"class":112},[61,97010,154],{"class":75},[61,97012,97013,97015,97017,97019,97021,97023],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,97014,31908],{"class":129},[61,97016,109],{"class":75},[61,97018,6046],{"class":105},[61,97020,244],{"class":75},[61,97022,81852],{"class":24507},[61,97024,116],{"class":75},[14,97026,97027,97028,97030,97031,244],{},"Also remember that ",[18,97029,95956],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[235,97032,52807],{"href":97033},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[47,97035,1620],{"id":1619},[408,97037,12459,97039,97041],{"id":97038},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[18,97040,95956],{}," return a new set?",[14,97043,97044,97045,244],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[18,97046,3536],{},[408,97048,97050],{"id":97049},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97052,97053],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[408,97055,97057],{"id":97056},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97059,204,97060,10844,97063,244],{},[18,97061,97062],{},"set.update()",[18,97064,95951],{},[408,97066,97068],{"id":97067},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97070,97071,97072,244],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[18,97073,1272],{},[47,97075,1664],{"id":1663},[26,97077,97078,97082,97087],{},[29,97079,97080],{},[235,97081,96076],{"href":96075},[29,97083,97084],{},[235,97085,97086],{"href":96079},"How to create a set in Python",[29,97088,97089],{},[235,97090,96562,97091,10492],{"href":96561},[18,97092,14709],{},[14,97094,97095,97096,97098],{},"Once you understand ",[18,97097,95951],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1693,97100,97101],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":97103},[97104,97105,97107,97108,97109,97110,97114,97118,97119,97120,97127],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":96048,"depth":97,"text":97106},"What set.add() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":96291,"depth":97,"text":96292},{"id":96382,"depth":97,"text":97111,"children":97112},"add() vs update()",[97113],{"id":96542,"depth":119,"text":96543},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175,"children":97115},[97116,97117],{"id":96581,"depth":119,"text":96582},{"id":61523,"depth":119,"text":96638},{"id":96714,"depth":97,"text":96715},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":97121},[97122,97124,97125,97126],{"id":97038,"depth":119,"text":97123},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97049,"depth":119,"text":97050},{"id":97056,"depth":119,"text":97057},{"id":97067,"depth":119,"text":97068},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95942,"description":97128},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97135,"title":97136,"body":97137,"description":98306,"extension":1727,"meta":98307,"navigation":122,"path":98308,"seo":98309,"stem":98310,"__hash__":98311},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97138,"toc":98273},[97139,97144,97150,97157,97202,97204,97215,97220,97225,97229,97243,97248,97250,97252,97267,97269,97283,97285,97287,97352,97354,97364,97366,97384,97390,97397,97402,97476,97478,97495,97501,97506,97577,97579,97606,97623,97626,97632,97634,97641,97645,97712,97714,97729,97732,97785,97787,97795,97807,97809,97813,97818,97820,97869,97871,97879,97881,97926,97928,97938,97944,97952,97965,97971,97973,98002,98004,98022,98026,98029,98060,98062,98080,98084,98159,98161,98177,98184,98186,98191,98196,98202,98205,98209,98217,98224,98232,98234,98270],[10,97140,95948,97142,11075],{"id":97141},"python-set-clear-method",[18,97143,11074],{},[14,97145,97146,97149],{},[18,97147,97148],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97151,97152,97153,97156],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[603,97154,97155],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[52,97158,97160],{"className":54,"code":97159,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97161,97162,97182,97192],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97163,97164,97166,97168,97170,97172,97174,97176,97178,97180],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97165,68],{"class":67},[61,97167,72],{"class":71},[61,97169,717],{"class":75},[61,97171,80],{"class":79},[61,97173,83],{"class":75},[61,97175,86],{"class":79},[61,97177,83],{"class":75},[61,97179,91],{"class":79},[61,97181,730],{"class":75},[61,97183,97184,97186,97188,97190],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97185,113],{"class":67},[61,97187,244],{"class":75},[61,97189,11136],{"class":112},[61,97191,263],{"class":75},[61,97193,97194,97196,97198,97200],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,97195,130],{"class":129},[61,97197,109],{"class":75},[61,97199,113],{"class":112},[61,97201,116],{"class":75},[14,97203,157],{},[52,97205,97207],{"className":54,"code":97206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\n",[18,97208,97209],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97210,97211,97213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97212,6046],{"class":105},[61,97214,263],{"class":75},[14,97216,97217,97219],{},[18,97218,11074],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[47,97221,3435,97223,3438],{"id":97222},"what-setclear-does",[18,97224,97148],{},[14,97226,1744,97227,11166],{},[18,97228,11074],{},[26,97230,97231,97234,97236,97240],{},[29,97232,97233],{},"Removes every item from a set",[29,97235,96063],{},[29,97237,11177,97238],{},[18,97239,3536],{},[29,97241,97242],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97244,96072,97245,71351],{},[235,97246,96076],{"href":97247},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[47,97249,248],{"id":247},[14,97251,54205],{},[52,97253,97255],{"className":54,"code":97254,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.clear()\n",[18,97256,97257],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97258,97259,97261,97263,97265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97260,15422],{"class":67},[61,97262,244],{"class":75},[61,97264,11136],{"class":112},[61,97266,263],{"class":75},[14,97268,12807],{},[26,97270,97271,97274,97277,97280],{},[29,97272,97273],{},"It takes no arguments",[29,97275,97276],{},"It empties the set",[29,97278,97279],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[29,97281,97282],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[47,97284,11228],{"id":11227},[14,97286,11231],{},[52,97288,97290],{"className":54,"code":97289,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,97291,97292,97324,97328,97338,97342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97293,97294,97296,97298,97300,97302,97304,97306,97308,97310,97312,97314,97316,97318,97320,97322],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97295,12831],{"class":67},[61,97297,72],{"class":71},[61,97299,717],{"class":75},[61,97301,816],{"class":190},[61,97303,12848],{"class":194},[61,97305,816],{"class":190},[61,97307,83],{"class":75},[61,97309,522],{"class":190},[61,97311,17212],{"class":194},[61,97313,816],{"class":190},[61,97315,83],{"class":75},[61,97317,522],{"class":190},[61,97319,12865],{"class":194},[61,97321,816],{"class":190},[61,97323,730],{"class":75},[61,97325,97326],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97327,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,97329,97330,97332,97334,97336],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,97331,17259],{"class":67},[61,97333,244],{"class":75},[61,97335,11136],{"class":112},[61,97337,263],{"class":75},[61,97339,97340],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,97341,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,97343,97344,97346,97348,97350],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,97345,130],{"class":129},[61,97347,109],{"class":75},[61,97349,17259],{"class":112},[61,97351,116],{"class":75},[14,97353,157],{},[52,97355,97356],{"className":54,"code":97206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,97357,97358],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97359,97360,97362],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97361,6046],{"class":105},[61,97363,263],{"class":75},[14,97365,11437],{},[26,97367,97368,97373,97378],{},[29,97369,97370,97372],{},[18,97371,17259],{}," starts with three values",[29,97374,97375,11450],{},[18,97376,97377],{},"colors.clear()",[29,97379,97380,97381,97383],{},"Printing the set shows ",[18,97382,3555],{},", which means an empty set",[47,97385,97387,97389],{"id":97386},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[18,97388,11074],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97391,97392,4154,97394,97396],{},[18,97393,11074],{},[18,97395,3555],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[408,97398,8175,97400],{"id":97399},"using-clear",[18,97401,11074],{},[52,97403,97405],{"className":54,"code":97404,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97406,97407,97427,97437,97441,97451,97455,97465],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97408,97409,97411,97413,97415,97417,97419,97421,97423,97425],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97410,7539],{"class":67},[61,97412,72],{"class":71},[61,97414,717],{"class":75},[61,97416,80],{"class":79},[61,97418,83],{"class":75},[61,97420,86],{"class":79},[61,97422,83],{"class":75},[61,97424,91],{"class":79},[61,97426,730],{"class":75},[61,97428,97429,97432,97434],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97430,97431],{"class":67},"other_name ",[61,97433,72],{"class":71},[61,97435,97436],{"class":67}," items\n",[61,97438,97439],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,97440,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,97442,97443,97445,97447,97449],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,97444,993],{"class":67},[61,97446,244],{"class":75},[61,97448,11136],{"class":112},[61,97450,263],{"class":75},[61,97452,97453],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,97454,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,97456,97457,97459,97461,97463],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,97458,130],{"class":129},[61,97460,109],{"class":75},[61,97462,993],{"class":112},[61,97464,116],{"class":75},[61,97466,97467,97469,97471,97474],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,97468,130],{"class":129},[61,97470,109],{"class":75},[61,97472,97473],{"class":112},"other_name",[61,97475,116],{"class":75},[14,97477,157],{},[52,97479,97481],{"className":54,"code":97480,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\nset()\n",[18,97482,97483,97489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97484,97485,97487],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97486,6046],{"class":105},[61,97488,263],{"class":75},[61,97490,97491,97493],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97492,6046],{"class":105},[61,97494,263],{"class":75},[14,97496,97497,97498,244],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[603,97499,97500],{},"same set object",[408,97502,8175,97504],{"id":97503},"using-set",[18,97505,3555],{},[52,97507,97509],{"className":54,"code":97508,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97510,97511,97531,97539,97543,97553,97557,97567],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97512,97513,97515,97517,97519,97521,97523,97525,97527,97529],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97514,7539],{"class":67},[61,97516,72],{"class":71},[61,97518,717],{"class":75},[61,97520,80],{"class":79},[61,97522,83],{"class":75},[61,97524,86],{"class":79},[61,97526,83],{"class":75},[61,97528,91],{"class":79},[61,97530,730],{"class":75},[61,97532,97533,97535,97537],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97534,97431],{"class":67},[61,97536,72],{"class":71},[61,97538,97436],{"class":67},[61,97540,97541],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,97542,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,97544,97545,97547,97549,97551],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,97546,7539],{"class":67},[61,97548,72],{"class":71},[61,97550,15389],{"class":105},[61,97552,263],{"class":75},[61,97554,97555],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,97556,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,97558,97559,97561,97563,97565],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,97560,130],{"class":129},[61,97562,109],{"class":75},[61,97564,993],{"class":112},[61,97566,116],{"class":75},[61,97568,97569,97571,97573,97575],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,97570,130],{"class":129},[61,97572,109],{"class":75},[61,97574,97473],{"class":112},[61,97576,116],{"class":75},[14,97578,157],{},[52,97580,97582],{"className":54,"code":97581,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,97583,97584,97590],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97585,97586,97588],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97587,6046],{"class":105},[61,97589,263],{"class":75},[61,97591,97592,97594,97596,97598,97600,97602,97604],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97593,9033],{"class":75},[61,97595,80],{"class":79},[61,97597,83],{"class":75},[61,97599,86],{"class":79},[61,97601,83],{"class":75},[61,97603,91],{"class":79},[61,97605,730],{"class":75},[14,97607,20527,97608,92840,97611,97614,97615,244,97617,97619,97620,97622],{},[18,97609,97610],{},"items = set()",[603,97612,97613],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[18,97616,993],{},[9598,97618],{},"\nBut ",[18,97621,97473],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97624,97625],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97627,97628,97629,244],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[235,97630,96080],{"href":97631},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[47,97633,17175],{"id":17174},[14,97635,97636,601,97638,97640],{},[18,97637,11074],{},[603,97639,605],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97642,4911,97643,244],{},[18,97644,3536],{},[52,97646,97648],{"className":54,"code":97647,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97649,97650,97670,97674,97688,97692,97702],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97651,97652,97654,97656,97658,97660,97662,97664,97666,97668],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97653,68],{"class":67},[61,97655,72],{"class":71},[61,97657,717],{"class":75},[61,97659,80],{"class":79},[61,97661,83],{"class":75},[61,97663,86],{"class":79},[61,97665,83],{"class":75},[61,97667,91],{"class":79},[61,97669,730],{"class":75},[61,97671,97672],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97673,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,97675,97676,97678,97680,97682,97684,97686],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,97677,100],{"class":67},[61,97679,72],{"class":71},[61,97681,4023],{"class":67},[61,97683,244],{"class":75},[61,97685,11136],{"class":112},[61,97687,263],{"class":75},[61,97689,97690],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,97691,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,97693,97694,97696,97698,97700],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,97695,130],{"class":129},[61,97697,109],{"class":75},[61,97699,135],{"class":112},[61,97701,116],{"class":75},[61,97703,97704,97706,97708,97710],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,97705,130],{"class":129},[61,97707,109],{"class":75},[61,97709,113],{"class":112},[61,97711,116],{"class":75},[14,97713,157],{},[52,97715,97717],{"className":54,"code":97716,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\nset()\n",[18,97718,97719,97723],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97720,97721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97722,11562],{"class":3609},[61,97724,97725,97727],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97726,6046],{"class":105},[61,97728,263],{"class":75},[14,97730,97731],{},"Do not do this:",[52,97733,97735],{"className":54,"code":97734,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97736,97737,97757,97771,97775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97738,97739,97741,97743,97745,97747,97749,97751,97753,97755],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97740,68],{"class":67},[61,97742,72],{"class":71},[61,97744,717],{"class":75},[61,97746,80],{"class":79},[61,97748,83],{"class":75},[61,97750,86],{"class":79},[61,97752,83],{"class":75},[61,97754,91],{"class":79},[61,97756,730],{"class":75},[61,97758,97759,97761,97763,97765,97767,97769],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97760,68],{"class":67},[61,97762,72],{"class":71},[61,97764,4023],{"class":67},[61,97766,244],{"class":75},[61,97768,11136],{"class":112},[61,97770,263],{"class":75},[61,97772,97773],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,97774,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,97776,97777,97779,97781,97783],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,97778,130],{"class":129},[61,97780,109],{"class":75},[61,97782,113],{"class":112},[61,97784,116],{"class":75},[14,97786,157],{},[52,97788,97789],{"className":54,"code":11562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,97790,97791],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97792,97793],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97794,11562],{"class":3609},[14,97796,21946,97797,2158,97799,97801,97802,97804,97805,244],{},[18,97798,54318],{},[18,97800,3536],{},", and then you assign that ",[18,97803,3536],{}," back to ",[18,97806,113],{},[47,97808,4280],{"id":4279},[14,97810,10499,97811,244],{},[18,97812,97148],{},[408,97814,12349,97816],{"id":97815},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[18,97817,11074],{},[14,97819,16400],{},[52,97821,97823],{"className":54,"code":97822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97824,97825,97845,97859],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97826,97827,97829,97831,97833,97835,97837,97839,97841,97843],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97828,15384],{"class":67},[61,97830,72],{"class":71},[61,97832,717],{"class":75},[61,97834,80],{"class":79},[61,97836,83],{"class":75},[61,97838,86],{"class":79},[61,97840,83],{"class":75},[61,97842,91],{"class":79},[61,97844,730],{"class":75},[61,97846,97847,97849,97851,97853,97855,97857],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97848,15384],{"class":67},[61,97850,72],{"class":71},[61,97852,96672],{"class":67},[61,97854,244],{"class":75},[61,97856,11136],{"class":112},[61,97858,263],{"class":75},[61,97860,97861,97863,97865,97867],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,97862,130],{"class":129},[61,97864,109],{"class":75},[61,97866,15422],{"class":112},[61,97868,116],{"class":75},[14,97870,157],{},[52,97872,97873],{"className":54,"code":11562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,97874,97875],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97876,97877],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97878,11562],{"class":3609},[14,97880,16412],{},[52,97882,97884],{"className":54,"code":97883,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97885,97886,97906,97916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97887,97888,97890,97892,97894,97896,97898,97900,97902,97904],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97889,15384],{"class":67},[61,97891,72],{"class":71},[61,97893,717],{"class":75},[61,97895,80],{"class":79},[61,97897,83],{"class":75},[61,97899,86],{"class":79},[61,97901,83],{"class":75},[61,97903,91],{"class":79},[61,97905,730],{"class":75},[61,97907,97908,97910,97912,97914],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97909,15422],{"class":67},[61,97911,244],{"class":75},[61,97913,11136],{"class":112},[61,97915,263],{"class":75},[61,97917,97918,97920,97922,97924],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,97919,130],{"class":129},[61,97921,109],{"class":75},[61,97923,15422],{"class":112},[61,97925,116],{"class":75},[14,97927,157],{},[52,97929,97930],{"className":54,"code":97206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,97931,97932],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97933,97934,97936],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97935,6046],{"class":105},[61,97937,263],{"class":75},[408,97939,8211,97941,97943],{"id":97940},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[18,97942,11074],{}," to remove only one item",[14,97945,97946,97948,97949,97951],{},[18,97947,11074],{}," removes ",[603,97950,3474],{}," items from the set.",[14,97953,97954,97955,2638,97960,244],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[235,97956,97958],{"href":97957},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[18,97959,55287],{},[235,97961,97963],{"href":97962},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[18,97964,12518],{},[408,97966,8175,97968,97970],{"id":97967},"using-for-an-empty-set",[18,97969,3550],{}," for an empty set",[14,97972,25447],{},[52,97974,97976],{"className":54,"code":97975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,97977,97978,97987],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97979,97980,97983,97985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97981,97982],{"class":67},"empty_value ",[61,97984,72],{"class":71},[61,97986,9590],{"class":75},[61,97988,97989,97991,97993,97995,97997,98000],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,97990,130],{"class":129},[61,97992,109],{"class":75},[61,97994,147],{"class":105},[61,97996,109],{"class":75},[61,97998,97999],{"class":112},"empty_value",[61,98001,154],{"class":75},[14,98003,157],{},[52,98005,98006],{"className":54,"code":8567,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,98007,98008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98009,98010,98012,98014,98016,98018,98020],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98011,183],{"class":71},[61,98013,187],{"class":186},[61,98015,191],{"class":190},[61,98017,8580],{"class":194},[61,98019,198],{"class":190},[61,98021,201],{"class":71},[14,98023,98024,8547],{},[18,98025,3550],{},[14,98027,98028],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[52,98030,98032],{"className":54,"code":98031,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,98033,98034,98045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98035,98036,98039,98041,98043],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98037,98038],{"class":67},"empty_set ",[61,98040,72],{"class":71},[61,98042,15389],{"class":105},[61,98044,263],{"class":75},[61,98046,98047,98049,98051,98053,98055,98058],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98048,130],{"class":129},[61,98050,109],{"class":75},[61,98052,147],{"class":105},[61,98054,109],{"class":75},[61,98056,98057],{"class":112},"empty_set",[61,98059,154],{"class":75},[14,98061,157],{},[52,98063,98064],{"className":54,"code":8611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,98065,98066],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98067,98068,98070,98072,98074,98076,98078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98069,183],{"class":71},[61,98071,187],{"class":186},[61,98073,191],{"class":190},[61,98075,6046],{"class":194},[61,98077,198],{"class":190},[61,98079,201],{"class":71},[408,98081,98083],{"id":98082},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[52,98085,98087],{"className":54,"code":98086,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[18,98088,98089,98113,98121,98125,98135,98139,98149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98090,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107,98109,98111],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98092,2313],{"class":67},[61,98094,72],{"class":71},[61,98096,717],{"class":75},[61,98098,816],{"class":190},[61,98100,1936],{"class":194},[61,98102,816],{"class":190},[61,98104,83],{"class":75},[61,98106,522],{"class":190},[61,98108,11499],{"class":194},[61,98110,816],{"class":190},[61,98112,730],{"class":75},[61,98114,98115,98117,98119],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98116,2341],{"class":67},[61,98118,72],{"class":71},[61,98120,35932],{"class":67},[61,98122,98123],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,98124,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,98126,98127,98129,98131,98133],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,98128,235],{"class":67},[61,98130,244],{"class":75},[61,98132,11136],{"class":112},[61,98134,263],{"class":75},[61,98136,98137],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,98138,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,98140,98141,98143,98145,98147],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,98142,130],{"class":129},[61,98144,109],{"class":75},[61,98146,235],{"class":112},[61,98148,116],{"class":75},[61,98150,98151,98153,98155,98157],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,98152,130],{"class":129},[61,98154,109],{"class":75},[61,98156,1480],{"class":112},[61,98158,116],{"class":75},[14,98160,157],{},[52,98162,98163],{"className":54,"code":97480,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,98164,98165,98171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98166,98167,98169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98168,6046],{"class":105},[61,98170,263],{"class":75},[61,98172,98173,98175],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98174,6046],{"class":105},[61,98176,263],{"class":75},[14,98178,28818,98179,4154,98181,98183],{},[18,98180,235],{},[18,98182,1480],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[47,98185,1620],{"id":1619},[408,98187,4905,98189,4908],{"id":98188},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[18,98190,97148],{},[14,98192,4911,98193,98195],{},[18,98194,3536],{},". It empties the set in place.",[408,98197,12459,98199,98201],{"id":98198},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[18,98200,11074],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98203,98204],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[408,98206,98208],{"id":98207},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98210,98211,98212,98214,98215,244],{},"You already have one after ",[18,98213,11074],{},". Printing it shows ",[18,98216,3555],{},[408,98218,4943,98220,4154,98222,2251],{"id":98219},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[18,98221,11074],{},[18,98223,3555],{},[14,98225,98226,98228,98229,98231],{},[18,98227,11074],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[18,98230,3555],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[47,98233,1664],{"id":1663},[26,98235,98236,98240,98244,98251,98257,98263],{},[29,98237,98238],{},[235,98239,96076],{"href":97247},[29,98241,98242],{},[235,98243,97086],{"href":97631},[29,98245,98246],{},[235,98247,96562,98249,10492],{"href":98248},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[18,98250,95951],{},[29,98252,98253],{},[235,98254,96562,98255,10492],{"href":97957},[18,98256,55287],{},[29,98258,98259],{},[235,98260,96562,98261,10492],{"href":97962},[18,98262,12518],{},[29,98264,98265],{},[235,98266,96562,98268,10492],{"href":98267},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[18,98269,14709],{},[1693,98271,98272],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":98274},[98275,98277,98278,98279,98286,98287,98296,98305],{"id":97222,"depth":97,"text":98276},"What set.clear() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":97386,"depth":97,"text":98280,"children":98281},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98282,98284],{"id":97399,"depth":119,"text":98283},"Using clear()",{"id":97503,"depth":119,"text":98285},"Using set()",{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":98288},[98289,98291,98293,98295],{"id":97815,"depth":119,"text":98290},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97940,"depth":119,"text":98292},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97967,"depth":119,"text":98294},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98082,"depth":119,"text":98083},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":98297},[98298,98300,98302,98303],{"id":98188,"depth":119,"text":98299},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98198,"depth":119,"text":98301},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98207,"depth":119,"text":98208},{"id":98219,"depth":119,"text":98304},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97136,"description":98306},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98313,"title":98314,"body":98315,"description":100147,"extension":1727,"meta":100148,"navigation":122,"path":96079,"seo":100149,"stem":100150,"__hash__":100151},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98316,"toc":100104},[98317,98320,98323,98326,98328,98431,98435,98482,98488,98490,98509,98513,98516,98518,98532,98541,98545,98548,98583,98587,98607,98610,98614,98617,98678,98682,98707,98714,98720,98725,98727,98739,98743,98792,98796,98820,98827,98831,98872,98876,98897,98901,98934,98938,98979,98982,98986,98991,99030,99034,99059,99064,99070,99107,99111,99134,99138,99140,99143,99146,99223,99227,99264,99267,99271,99277,99280,99290,99339,99345,99351,99378,99381,99403,99405,99436,99439,99443,99447,99486,99490,99553,99556,99589,99593,99618,99620,99623,99629,99632,99659,99662,99680,99684,99688,99691,99734,99737,99741,99744,99747,99777,99780,99784,99787,99802,99807,99811,99814,99903,99905,99908,99998,100001,100019,100021,100025,100035,100039,100047,100051,100054,100058,100061,100065,100068,100070,100098,100101],[10,98318,98314],{"id":98319},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98321,98322],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98324,98325],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[47,98327,3366],{"id":3365},[52,98329,98331],{"className":54,"code":98330,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,98332,98333,98353,98387,98397,98401,98411,98421],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98334,98335,98337,98339,98341,98343,98345,98347,98349,98351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98336,68],{"class":67},[61,98338,72],{"class":71},[61,98340,717],{"class":75},[61,98342,80],{"class":79},[61,98344,83],{"class":75},[61,98346,86],{"class":79},[61,98348,83],{"class":75},[61,98350,91],{"class":79},[61,98352,730],{"class":75},[61,98354,98355,98357,98359,98361,98363,98365,98367,98369,98371,98373,98375,98377,98379,98381,98383,98385],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98356,3829],{"class":67},[61,98358,72],{"class":71},[61,98360,15389],{"class":105},[61,98362,1126],{"class":75},[61,98364,816],{"class":190},[61,98366,3838],{"class":194},[61,98368,816],{"class":190},[61,98370,83],{"class":75},[61,98372,522],{"class":190},[61,98374,3847],{"class":194},[61,98376,816],{"class":190},[61,98378,83],{"class":75},[61,98380,522],{"class":190},[61,98382,3838],{"class":194},[61,98384,816],{"class":190},[61,98386,1137],{"class":75},[61,98388,98389,98391,98393,98395],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,98390,98038],{"class":67},[61,98392,72],{"class":71},[61,98394,15389],{"class":105},[61,98396,263],{"class":75},[61,98398,98399],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,98400,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,98402,98403,98405,98407,98409],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,98404,130],{"class":129},[61,98406,109],{"class":75},[61,98408,113],{"class":112},[61,98410,116],{"class":75},[61,98412,98413,98415,98417,98419],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,98414,130],{"class":129},[61,98416,109],{"class":75},[61,98418,3873],{"class":112},[61,98420,116],{"class":75},[61,98422,98423,98425,98427,98429],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,98424,130],{"class":129},[61,98426,109],{"class":75},[61,98428,98057],{"class":112},[61,98430,116],{"class":75},[14,98432,98433],{},[603,98434,157],{},[52,98436,98438],{"className":54,"code":98437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[18,98439,98440,98456,98476],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98441,98442,98444,98446,98448,98450,98452,98454],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98443,9033],{"class":75},[61,98445,80],{"class":79},[61,98447,83],{"class":75},[61,98449,86],{"class":79},[61,98451,83],{"class":75},[61,98453,91],{"class":79},[61,98455,730],{"class":75},[61,98457,98458,98460,98462,98464,98466,98468,98470,98472,98474],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98459,9033],{"class":75},[61,98461,198],{"class":190},[61,98463,3847],{"class":194},[61,98465,198],{"class":190},[61,98467,83],{"class":75},[61,98469,191],{"class":190},[61,98471,3838],{"class":194},[61,98473,198],{"class":190},[61,98475,730],{"class":75},[61,98477,98478,98480],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,98479,6046],{"class":105},[61,98481,263],{"class":75},[14,98483,98484,98485,98487],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[18,98486,3555],{}," for an empty set.",[47,98489,14918],{"id":14917},[26,98491,98492,98495,98500,98503,98506],{},[29,98493,98494],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[29,98496,98497,98498],{},"How to create a set with ",[18,98499,3555],{},[29,98501,98502],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[29,98504,98505],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[29,98507,98508],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[47,98510,98512],{"id":98511},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98514,98515],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98517,30295],{},[26,98519,98520,98523,98526,98529],{},[29,98521,98522],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[29,98524,98525],{},"Sets are unordered",[29,98527,98528],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[29,98530,98531],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98533,98534,98535,2638,98537,244],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[235,98536,96076],{"href":97247},[235,98538,98540],{"href":98539},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[47,98542,98544],{"id":98543},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98546,98547],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[52,98549,98551],{"className":54,"code":98550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98552,98553,98573],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98554,98555,98557,98559,98561,98563,98565,98567,98569,98571],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98556,68],{"class":67},[61,98558,72],{"class":71},[61,98560,717],{"class":75},[61,98562,80],{"class":79},[61,98564,83],{"class":75},[61,98566,86],{"class":79},[61,98568,83],{"class":75},[61,98570,91],{"class":79},[61,98572,730],{"class":75},[61,98574,98575,98577,98579,98581],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98576,130],{"class":129},[61,98578,109],{"class":75},[61,98580,113],{"class":112},[61,98582,116],{"class":75},[14,98584,98585],{},[603,98586,879],{},[52,98588,98589],{"className":54,"code":96355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,98590,98591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98592,98593,98595,98597,98599,98601,98603,98605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98594,9033],{"class":75},[61,98596,80],{"class":79},[61,98598,83],{"class":75},[61,98600,86],{"class":79},[61,98602,83],{"class":75},[61,98604,91],{"class":79},[61,98606,730],{"class":75},[14,98608,98609],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[408,98611,98613],{"id":98612},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98615,98616],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[52,98618,98620],{"className":54,"code":98619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,98621,98622,98654,98664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98623,98624,98626,98628,98630,98632,98634,98636,98638,98640,98642,98644,98646,98648,98650,98652],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98625,68],{"class":67},[61,98627,72],{"class":71},[61,98629,717],{"class":75},[61,98631,80],{"class":79},[61,98633,83],{"class":75},[61,98635,86],{"class":79},[61,98637,83],{"class":75},[61,98639,86],{"class":79},[61,98641,83],{"class":75},[61,98643,91],{"class":79},[61,98645,83],{"class":75},[61,98647,91],{"class":79},[61,98649,83],{"class":75},[61,98651,91],{"class":79},[61,98653,730],{"class":75},[61,98655,98656,98658,98660,98662],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98657,130],{"class":129},[61,98659,109],{"class":75},[61,98661,113],{"class":112},[61,98663,116],{"class":75},[61,98665,98666,98668,98670,98672,98674,98676],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,98667,130],{"class":129},[61,98669,109],{"class":75},[61,98671,10914],{"class":129},[61,98673,109],{"class":75},[61,98675,113],{"class":112},[61,98677,154],{"class":75},[14,98679,98680],{},[603,98681,879],{},[52,98683,98685],{"className":54,"code":98684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[18,98686,98687,98703],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98688,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98690,9033],{"class":75},[61,98692,80],{"class":79},[61,98694,83],{"class":75},[61,98696,86],{"class":79},[61,98698,83],{"class":75},[61,98700,91],{"class":79},[61,98702,730],{"class":75},[61,98704,98705],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98706,46375],{"class":79},[14,98708,20734,98709,4154,98711,98713],{},[18,98710,1821],{},[18,98712,1827],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[47,98715,98717,98718],{"id":98716},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[18,98719,3555],{},[14,98721,204,98722,98724],{},[18,98723,3555],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98726,5218],{},[26,98728,98729,98731,98733,98735],{},[29,98730,96835],{},[29,98732,96131],{},[29,98734,56223],{},[29,98736,98737],{},[18,98738,618],{},[408,98740,98742],{"id":98741},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[52,98744,98746],{"className":54,"code":98745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98747,98748,98782],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98749,98750,98752,98754,98756,98758,98760,98762,98764,98766,98768,98770,98772,98774,98776,98778,98780],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98751,68],{"class":67},[61,98753,72],{"class":71},[61,98755,15389],{"class":105},[61,98757,1126],{"class":75},[61,98759,80],{"class":79},[61,98761,83],{"class":75},[61,98763,86],{"class":79},[61,98765,83],{"class":75},[61,98767,86],{"class":79},[61,98769,83],{"class":75},[61,98771,91],{"class":79},[61,98773,83],{"class":75},[61,98775,91],{"class":79},[61,98777,83],{"class":75},[61,98779,693],{"class":79},[61,98781,1137],{"class":75},[61,98783,98784,98786,98788,98790],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98785,130],{"class":129},[61,98787,109],{"class":75},[61,98789,113],{"class":112},[61,98791,116],{"class":75},[14,98793,98794],{},[603,98795,879],{},[52,98797,98798],{"className":54,"code":96018,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,98799,98800],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98801,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98803,9033],{"class":75},[61,98805,80],{"class":79},[61,98807,83],{"class":75},[61,98809,86],{"class":79},[61,98811,83],{"class":75},[61,98813,91],{"class":79},[61,98815,83],{"class":75},[61,98817,693],{"class":79},[61,98819,730],{"class":75},[14,98821,98822,98823,244],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[235,98824,98826],{"href":98825},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[408,98828,98830],{"id":98829},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[52,98832,98834],{"className":54,"code":98833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[18,98835,98836,98862],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98837,98838,98840,98842,98844,98846,98848,98850,98852,98854,98856,98858,98860],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98839,712],{"class":67},[61,98841,72],{"class":71},[61,98843,15389],{"class":105},[61,98845,1028],{"class":75},[61,98847,430],{"class":79},[61,98849,83],{"class":75},[61,98851,435],{"class":79},[61,98853,83],{"class":75},[61,98855,435],{"class":79},[61,98857,83],{"class":75},[61,98859,440],{"class":79},[61,98861,154],{"class":75},[61,98863,98864,98866,98868,98870],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98865,130],{"class":129},[61,98867,109],{"class":75},[61,98869,743],{"class":112},[61,98871,116],{"class":75},[14,98873,98874],{},[603,98875,879],{},[52,98877,98879],{"className":54,"code":98878,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[18,98880,98881],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98882,98883,98885,98887,98889,98891,98893,98895],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98884,9033],{"class":75},[61,98886,430],{"class":79},[61,98888,83],{"class":75},[61,98890,435],{"class":79},[61,98892,83],{"class":75},[61,98894,440],{"class":79},[61,98896,730],{"class":75},[408,98898,98900],{"id":98899},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[52,98902,98904],{"className":54,"code":98903,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,98905,98906,98924],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98907,98908,98910,98912,98914,98916,98918,98920,98922],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98909,35847],{"class":67},[61,98911,72],{"class":71},[61,98913,15389],{"class":105},[61,98915,109],{"class":75},[61,98917,816],{"class":190},[61,98919,1323],{"class":194},[61,98921,816],{"class":190},[61,98923,116],{"class":75},[61,98925,98926,98928,98930,98932],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,98927,130],{"class":129},[61,98929,109],{"class":75},[61,98931,35900],{"class":112},[61,98933,116],{"class":75},[14,98935,98936],{},[603,98937,879],{},[52,98939,98941],{"className":54,"code":98940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[18,98942,98943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98944,98945,98947,98949,98951,98953,98955,98957,98959,98961,98963,98965,98967,98969,98971,98973,98975,98977],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98946,9033],{"class":75},[61,98948,198],{"class":190},[61,98950,1344],{"class":194},[61,98952,198],{"class":190},[61,98954,83],{"class":75},[61,98956,191],{"class":190},[61,98958,1353],{"class":194},[61,98960,198],{"class":190},[61,98962,83],{"class":75},[61,98964,191],{"class":190},[61,98966,1362],{"class":194},[61,98968,198],{"class":190},[61,98970,83],{"class":75},[61,98972,191],{"class":190},[61,98974,1379],{"class":194},[61,98976,198],{"class":190},[61,98978,730],{"class":75},[14,98980,98981],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[47,98983,98985],{"id":98984},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,98987,98988,98989,244],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[18,98990,3555],{},[52,98992,98994],{"className":54,"code":98993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,98995,98996,99006,99016],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98997,98998,99000,99002,99004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98999,98038],{"class":67},[61,99001,72],{"class":71},[61,99003,15389],{"class":105},[61,99005,263],{"class":75},[61,99007,99008,99010,99012,99014],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99009,130],{"class":129},[61,99011,109],{"class":75},[61,99013,98057],{"class":112},[61,99015,116],{"class":75},[61,99017,99018,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,99019,130],{"class":129},[61,99021,109],{"class":75},[61,99023,147],{"class":105},[61,99025,109],{"class":75},[61,99027,98057],{"class":112},[61,99029,154],{"class":75},[14,99031,99032],{},[603,99033,157],{},[52,99035,99037],{"className":54,"code":99036,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,99038,99039,99045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99040,99041,99043],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99042,6046],{"class":105},[61,99044,263],{"class":75},[61,99046,99047,99049,99051,99053,99055,99057],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99048,183],{"class":71},[61,99050,187],{"class":186},[61,99052,191],{"class":190},[61,99054,6046],{"class":194},[61,99056,198],{"class":190},[61,99058,201],{"class":71},[408,99060,1190,99062],{"id":99061},"do-not-use",[18,99063,3550],{},[14,99065,99066,99067,99069],{},"Empty braces do ",[603,99068,605],{}," create a set.",[52,99071,99073],{"className":54,"code":99072,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,99074,99075,99083,99093],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99076,99077,99079,99081],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99078,97982],{"class":67},[61,99080,72],{"class":71},[61,99082,9590],{"class":75},[61,99084,99085,99087,99089,99091],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99086,130],{"class":129},[61,99088,109],{"class":75},[61,99090,97999],{"class":112},[61,99092,116],{"class":75},[61,99094,99095,99097,99099,99101,99103,99105],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,99096,130],{"class":129},[61,99098,109],{"class":75},[61,99100,147],{"class":105},[61,99102,109],{"class":75},[61,99104,97999],{"class":112},[61,99106,154],{"class":75},[14,99108,99109],{},[603,99110,157],{},[52,99112,99114],{"className":54,"code":99113,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,99115,99116,99120],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99117,99118],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99119,9187],{"class":75},[61,99121,99122,99124,99126,99128,99130,99132],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99123,183],{"class":71},[61,99125,187],{"class":186},[61,99127,191],{"class":190},[61,99129,8580],{"class":194},[61,99131,198],{"class":190},[61,99133,201],{"class":71},[14,99135,99136,8547],{},[18,99137,3550],{},[47,99139,72015],{"id":72014},[14,99141,99142],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99144,99145],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[52,99147,99149],{"className":54,"code":99148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,99150,99151,99199,99209],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99152,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173,99175,99177,99179,99181,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191,99193,99195,99197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99154,3829],{"class":67},[61,99156,72],{"class":71},[61,99158,717],{"class":75},[61,99160,816],{"class":190},[61,99162,3838],{"class":194},[61,99164,816],{"class":190},[61,99166,83],{"class":75},[61,99168,522],{"class":190},[61,99170,3847],{"class":194},[61,99172,816],{"class":190},[61,99174,83],{"class":75},[61,99176,522],{"class":190},[61,99178,3838],{"class":194},[61,99180,816],{"class":190},[61,99182,83],{"class":75},[61,99184,522],{"class":190},[61,99186,3838],{"class":194},[61,99188,816],{"class":190},[61,99190,83],{"class":75},[61,99192,522],{"class":190},[61,99194,32976],{"class":194},[61,99196,816],{"class":190},[61,99198,730],{"class":75},[61,99200,99201,99203,99205,99207],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99202,130],{"class":129},[61,99204,109],{"class":75},[61,99206,3873],{"class":112},[61,99208,116],{"class":75},[61,99210,99211,99213,99215,99217,99219,99221],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,99212,130],{"class":129},[61,99214,109],{"class":75},[61,99216,10914],{"class":129},[61,99218,109],{"class":75},[61,99220,3873],{"class":112},[61,99222,154],{"class":75},[14,99224,99225],{},[603,99226,879],{},[52,99228,99230],{"className":54,"code":99229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[18,99231,99232,99260],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99233,99234,99236,99238,99240,99242,99244,99246,99248,99250,99252,99254,99256,99258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99235,9033],{"class":75},[61,99237,198],{"class":190},[61,99239,3847],{"class":194},[61,99241,198],{"class":190},[61,99243,83],{"class":75},[61,99245,191],{"class":190},[61,99247,32976],{"class":194},[61,99249,198],{"class":190},[61,99251,83],{"class":75},[61,99253,191],{"class":190},[61,99255,3838],{"class":194},[61,99257,198],{"class":190},[61,99259,730],{"class":75},[61,99261,99262],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99263,46375],{"class":79},[14,99265,99266],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[47,99268,99270],{"id":99269},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99272,99273,99274,99276],{},"Set items must be ",[603,99275,96119],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99278,99279],{},"These usually work:",[26,99281,99282,99284,99286,99288],{},[29,99283,56220],{},[29,99285,56223],{},[29,99287,96131],{},[29,99289,40352],{},[52,99291,99293],{"className":54,"code":99292,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[18,99294,99295,99329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99296,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323,99325,99327],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99298,712],{"class":67},[61,99300,72],{"class":71},[61,99302,717],{"class":75},[61,99304,80],{"class":79},[61,99306,83],{"class":75},[61,99308,522],{"class":190},[61,99310,3838],{"class":194},[61,99312,816],{"class":190},[61,99314,83],{"class":75},[61,99316,1048],{"class":75},[61,99318,430],{"class":79},[61,99320,83],{"class":75},[61,99322,435],{"class":79},[61,99324,1045],{"class":75},[61,99326,3674],{"class":3609},[61,99328,730],{"class":75},[61,99330,99331,99333,99335,99337],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99332,130],{"class":129},[61,99334,109],{"class":75},[61,99336,743],{"class":112},[61,99338,116],{"class":75},[14,99340,99341,99342,99344],{},"These do ",[603,99343,605],{}," work directly:",[26,99346,99347,99349],{},[29,99348,96835],{},[29,99350,96838],{},[52,99352,99354],{"className":54,"code":99353,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[18,99355,99356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99357,99358,99361,99363,99366,99368,99370,99372,99374,99376],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99359,99360],{"class":67},"bad_set ",[61,99362,72],{"class":71},[61,99364,99365],{"class":75}," {[",[61,99367,80],{"class":79},[61,99369,83],{"class":75},[61,99371,86],{"class":79},[61,99373,83],{"class":75},[61,99375,91],{"class":79},[61,99377,13461],{"class":75},[14,99379,99380],{},"This raises an error:",[52,99382,99383],{"className":54,"code":96894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,99384,99385],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99386,99387,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399,99401],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99388,1272],{"class":105},[61,99390,824],{"class":75},[61,99392,96905],{"class":67},[61,99394,147],{"class":105},[61,99396,824],{"class":75},[61,99398,191],{"class":190},[61,99400,7852],{"class":194},[61,99402,29455],{"class":190},[14,99404,51838],{},[52,99406,99408],{"className":54,"code":99407,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[18,99409,99410],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99411,99412,99414,99416,99419,99421,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99413,99360],{"class":67},[61,99415,72],{"class":71},[61,99417,99418],{"class":75}," {{",[61,99420,816],{"class":190},[61,99422,819],{"class":194},[61,99424,816],{"class":190},[61,99426,824],{"class":75},[61,99428,522],{"class":190},[61,99430,7436],{"class":194},[61,99432,816],{"class":190},[61,99434,99435],{"class":75},"}}\n",[14,99437,99438],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[47,99440,99442],{"id":99441},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[408,99444,99446],{"id":99445},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[52,99448,99450],{"className":54,"code":99449,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99451,99452,99476],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99453,99454,99456,99458,99460,99462,99464,99466,99468,99470,99472,99474],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99455,68],{"class":67},[61,99457,72],{"class":71},[61,99459,717],{"class":75},[61,99461,80],{"class":79},[61,99463,83],{"class":75},[61,99465,86],{"class":79},[61,99467,83],{"class":75},[61,99469,91],{"class":79},[61,99471,83],{"class":75},[61,99473,693],{"class":79},[61,99475,730],{"class":75},[61,99477,99478,99480,99482,99484],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99479,130],{"class":129},[61,99481,109],{"class":75},[61,99483,113],{"class":112},[61,99485,116],{"class":75},[408,99487,99489],{"id":99488},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[52,99491,99493],{"className":54,"code":99492,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[18,99494,99495,99523,99538,99542],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99496,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99498,7539],{"class":67},[61,99500,72],{"class":71},[61,99502,76],{"class":75},[61,99504,80],{"class":79},[61,99506,83],{"class":75},[61,99508,680],{"class":79},[61,99510,83],{"class":75},[61,99512,86],{"class":79},[61,99514,83],{"class":75},[61,99516,91],{"class":79},[61,99518,83],{"class":75},[61,99520,91],{"class":79},[61,99522,94],{"class":75},[61,99524,99525,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99526,99527],{"class":67},"unique_items ",[61,99529,72],{"class":71},[61,99531,15389],{"class":105},[61,99533,109],{"class":75},[61,99535,993],{"class":112},[61,99537,116],{"class":75},[61,99539,99540],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,99541,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,99543,99544,99546,99548,99551],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,99545,130],{"class":129},[61,99547,109],{"class":75},[61,99549,99550],{"class":112},"unique_items",[61,99552,116],{"class":75},[408,99554,98900],{"id":99555},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[52,99557,99559],{"className":54,"code":99558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99560,99561,99579],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99562,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99564,35847],{"class":67},[61,99566,72],{"class":71},[61,99568,15389],{"class":105},[61,99570,109],{"class":75},[61,99572,816],{"class":190},[61,99574,3847],{"class":194},[61,99576,816],{"class":190},[61,99578,116],{"class":75},[61,99580,99581,99583,99585,99587],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99582,130],{"class":129},[61,99584,109],{"class":75},[61,99586,35900],{"class":112},[61,99588,116],{"class":75},[408,99590,99592],{"id":99591},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[52,99594,99596],{"className":54,"code":99595,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,99597,99598,99608],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99599,99600,99602,99604,99606],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99601,98038],{"class":67},[61,99603,72],{"class":71},[61,99605,15389],{"class":105},[61,99607,263],{"class":75},[61,99609,99610,99612,99614,99616],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99611,130],{"class":129},[61,99613,109],{"class":75},[61,99615,98057],{"class":112},[61,99617,116],{"class":75},[47,99619,2590],{"id":2589},[14,99621,99622],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[408,99624,8175,99626,99628],{"id":99625},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,99627,3550],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99630,99631],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[52,99633,99635],{"className":54,"code":99634,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,99636,99637,99645],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99638,99639,99641,99643],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99640,1580],{"class":67},[61,99642,72],{"class":71},[61,99644,9590],{"class":75},[61,99646,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655,99657],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99648,130],{"class":129},[61,99650,109],{"class":75},[61,99652,147],{"class":105},[61,99654,109],{"class":75},[61,99656,1605],{"class":112},[61,99658,154],{"class":75},[14,99660,99661],{},"This prints:",[52,99663,99664],{"className":54,"code":8567,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,99665,99666],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99667,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99669,183],{"class":71},[61,99671,187],{"class":186},[61,99673,191],{"class":190},[61,99675,8580],{"class":194},[61,99677,198],{"class":190},[61,99679,201],{"class":71},[14,99681,204,99682,6391],{},[18,99683,3555],{},[408,99685,99687],{"id":99686},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99689,99690],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[52,99692,99694],{"className":54,"code":99693,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99695,99696,99724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99697,99698,99700,99702,99704,99706,99708,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99699,68],{"class":67},[61,99701,72],{"class":71},[61,99703,717],{"class":75},[61,99705,80],{"class":79},[61,99707,83],{"class":75},[61,99709,680],{"class":79},[61,99711,83],{"class":75},[61,99713,86],{"class":79},[61,99715,83],{"class":75},[61,99717,86],{"class":79},[61,99719,83],{"class":75},[61,99721,91],{"class":79},[61,99723,730],{"class":75},[61,99725,99726,99728,99730,99732],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99727,130],{"class":129},[61,99729,109],{"class":75},[61,99731,113],{"class":112},[61,99733,116],{"class":75},[14,99735,99736],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[408,99738,99740],{"id":99739},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99742,99743],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99745,99746],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[52,99748,99750],{"className":54,"code":99749,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[18,99751,99752,99772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99753,99754,99756,99758,99760,99762,99764,99766,99768,99770],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99755,68],{"class":67},[61,99757,72],{"class":71},[61,99759,717],{"class":75},[61,99761,430],{"class":79},[61,99763,83],{"class":75},[61,99765,435],{"class":79},[61,99767,83],{"class":75},[61,99769,440],{"class":79},[61,99771,730],{"class":75},[61,99773,99774],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99775,99776],{"class":3420},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,99778,99779],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[408,99781,99783],{"id":99782},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,99785,99786],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[52,99788,99790],{"className":54,"code":99789,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[18,99791,99792,99797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99793,99794],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99795,99796],{"class":3420},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[61,99798,99799],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99800,99801],{"class":3420},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,99803,99804,99805,244],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[18,99806,1272],{},[408,99808,99810],{"id":99809},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,99812,99813],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[52,99815,99817],{"className":54,"code":99816,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,99818,99819,99839,99871,99875,99889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99820,99821,99823,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99822,15384],{"class":67},[61,99824,72],{"class":71},[61,99826,717],{"class":75},[61,99828,80],{"class":79},[61,99830,83],{"class":75},[61,99832,86],{"class":79},[61,99834,83],{"class":75},[61,99836,91],{"class":79},[61,99838,730],{"class":75},[61,99840,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99842,11478],{"class":67},[61,99844,72],{"class":71},[61,99846,717],{"class":75},[61,99848,816],{"class":190},[61,99850,235],{"class":194},[61,99852,816],{"class":190},[61,99854,824],{"class":75},[61,99856,680],{"class":79},[61,99858,83],{"class":75},[61,99860,522],{"class":190},[61,99862,1480],{"class":194},[61,99864,816],{"class":190},[61,99866,824],{"class":75},[61,99868,86],{"class":79},[61,99870,730],{"class":75},[61,99872,99873],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,99874,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,99876,99877,99879,99881,99883,99885,99887],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,99878,130],{"class":129},[61,99880,109],{"class":75},[61,99882,147],{"class":105},[61,99884,109],{"class":75},[61,99886,15422],{"class":112},[61,99888,154],{"class":75},[61,99890,99891,99893,99895,99897,99899,99901],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,99892,130],{"class":129},[61,99894,109],{"class":75},[61,99896,147],{"class":105},[61,99898,109],{"class":75},[61,99900,11203],{"class":112},[61,99902,154],{"class":75},[47,99904,92531],{"id":92530},[14,99906,99907],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[52,99909,99911],{"className":54,"code":99910,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[18,99912,99913,99939,99943,99957,99967,99981,99988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99914,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925,99927,99929,99931,99933,99935,99937],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99916,15384],{"class":67},[61,99918,72],{"class":71},[61,99920,15389],{"class":105},[61,99922,1126],{"class":75},[61,99924,80],{"class":79},[61,99926,83],{"class":75},[61,99928,86],{"class":79},[61,99930,83],{"class":75},[61,99932,86],{"class":79},[61,99934,83],{"class":75},[61,99936,91],{"class":79},[61,99938,1137],{"class":75},[61,99940,99941],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,99942,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,99944,99945,99947,99949,99951,99953,99955],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,99946,130],{"class":129},[61,99948,109],{"class":75},[61,99950,147],{"class":105},[61,99952,109],{"class":75},[61,99954,15422],{"class":112},[61,99956,154],{"class":75},[61,99958,99959,99961,99963,99965],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,99960,130],{"class":129},[61,99962,109],{"class":75},[61,99964,15422],{"class":112},[61,99966,116],{"class":75},[61,99968,99969,99971,99973,99975,99977,99979],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,99970,130],{"class":129},[61,99972,109],{"class":75},[61,99974,10914],{"class":129},[61,99976,109],{"class":75},[61,99978,15422],{"class":112},[61,99980,154],{"class":75},[61,99982,99983,99985],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,99984,130],{"class":129},[61,99986,99987],{"class":75},"({})\n",[61,99989,99990,99992,99994,99996],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,99991,130],{"class":129},[61,99993,109],{"class":75},[61,99995,6046],{"class":105},[61,99997,6955],{"class":75},[14,99999,100000],{},"Use these to confirm:",[26,100002,100003,100006,100009,100012],{},[29,100004,100005],{},"The object type",[29,100007,100008],{},"The actual values stored",[29,100010,100011],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[29,100013,100014,100015,4154,100017],{},"The difference between ",[18,100016,3550],{},[18,100018,3555],{},[47,100020,1620],{"id":1619},[408,100022,100024],{"id":100023},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100026,100027,100028,100031,100032,100034],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[18,100029,100030],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[18,100033,3555],{}," with another iterable.",[408,100036,100038],{"id":100037},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100040,204,100041,100043,100044,100046],{},[18,100042,3555],{},". Empty braces ",[18,100045,3550],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[408,100048,100050],{"id":100049},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100052,100053],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[408,100055,100057],{"id":100056},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100059,100060],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[408,100062,100064],{"id":100063},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100066,100067],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[47,100069,1664],{"id":1663},[26,100071,100072,100076,100082,100088,100093],{},[29,100073,100074],{},[235,100075,96076],{"href":97247},[29,100077,100078],{},[235,100079,3332,100080,10492],{"href":98248},[18,100081,95956],{},[29,100083,100084],{},[235,100085,3332,100086,10492],{"href":98267},[18,100087,97062],{},[29,100089,100090],{},[235,100091,100092],{"href":98825},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[29,100094,100095],{},[235,100096,100097],{"href":98539},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100099,100100],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1693,100102,100103],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":100105},[100106,100107,100108,100109,100112,100118,100122,100123,100124,100130,100138,100139,100146],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":14917,"depth":97,"text":14918},{"id":98511,"depth":97,"text":98512},{"id":98543,"depth":97,"text":98544,"children":100110},[100111],{"id":98612,"depth":119,"text":98613},{"id":98716,"depth":97,"text":100113,"children":100114},"Create a set with set()",[100115,100116,100117],{"id":98741,"depth":119,"text":98742},{"id":98829,"depth":119,"text":98830},{"id":98899,"depth":119,"text":98900},{"id":98984,"depth":97,"text":98985,"children":100119},[100120],{"id":99061,"depth":119,"text":100121},"Do not use {}",{"id":72014,"depth":97,"text":72015},{"id":99269,"depth":97,"text":99270},{"id":99441,"depth":97,"text":99442,"children":100125},[100126,100127,100128,100129],{"id":99445,"depth":119,"text":99446},{"id":99488,"depth":119,"text":99489},{"id":99555,"depth":119,"text":98900},{"id":99591,"depth":119,"text":99592},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":100131},[100132,100134,100135,100136,100137],{"id":99625,"depth":119,"text":100133},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99686,"depth":119,"text":99687},{"id":99739,"depth":119,"text":99740},{"id":99782,"depth":119,"text":99783},{"id":99809,"depth":119,"text":99810},{"id":92530,"depth":97,"text":92531},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":100140},[100141,100142,100143,100144,100145],{"id":100023,"depth":119,"text":100024},{"id":100037,"depth":119,"text":100038},{"id":100049,"depth":119,"text":100050},{"id":100056,"depth":119,"text":100057},{"id":100063,"depth":119,"text":100064},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98314,"description":100147},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100153,"title":100154,"body":100155,"description":102586,"extension":1727,"meta":102587,"navigation":122,"path":102588,"seo":102589,"stem":102590,"__hash__":102591},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100156,"toc":102551},[100157,100163,100169,100172,100174,100251,100253,100270,100280,100282,100287,100295,100297,100313,100317,100319,100321,100324,100345,100348,100372,100378,100380,100477,100479,100496,100506,100508,100510,100518,100520,100531,100533,100624,100626,100650,100661,100663,100665,100668,100798,100800,100873,100875,100896,100899,100901,100907,100912,100915,101042,101044,101061,101064,101066,101074,101077,101081,101089,101180,101182,101219,101224,101231,101308,101310,101326,101331,101336,101338,101347,101355,101436,101438,101467,101470,101474,101485,101488,101571,101573,101594,101600,101602,101604,101608,101612,101619,101684,101686,101706,101709,101778,101780,101796,101800,101806,101818,101826,101828,101913,101915,101944,101947,101951,101956,101958,102008,102011,102092,102094,102110,102114,102117,102192,102195,102199,102202,102279,102281,102314,102320,102324,102327,102462,102464,102478,102480,102482,102488,102491,102498,102506,102512,102515,102519,102522,102524,102526,102548],[10,100158,95948,100160,11075],{"id":100159},"python-set-difference-method",[18,100161,100162],{},"difference()",[14,100164,100165,100168],{},[18,100166,100167],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100170,100171],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[47,100173,3366],{"id":3365},[52,100175,100177],{"className":54,"code":100176,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100178,100179,100203,100223,100241],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100180,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100182,2313],{"class":67},[61,100184,72],{"class":71},[61,100186,717],{"class":75},[61,100188,80],{"class":79},[61,100190,83],{"class":75},[61,100192,86],{"class":79},[61,100194,83],{"class":75},[61,100196,91],{"class":79},[61,100198,83],{"class":75},[61,100200,693],{"class":79},[61,100202,730],{"class":75},[61,100204,100205,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215,100217,100219,100221],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100206,2341],{"class":67},[61,100208,72],{"class":71},[61,100210,717],{"class":75},[61,100212,1827],{"class":79},[61,100214,83],{"class":75},[61,100216,693],{"class":79},[61,100218,83],{"class":75},[61,100220,4367],{"class":79},[61,100222,730],{"class":75},[61,100224,100225,100227,100229,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,100226,100],{"class":67},[61,100228,72],{"class":71},[61,100230,56646],{"class":67},[61,100232,244],{"class":75},[61,100234,2571],{"class":112},[61,100236,109],{"class":75},[61,100238,1480],{"class":112},[61,100240,116],{"class":75},[61,100242,100243,100245,100247,100249],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,100244,130],{"class":129},[61,100246,109],{"class":75},[61,100248,135],{"class":112},[61,100250,116],{"class":75},[14,100252,157],{},[52,100254,100256],{"className":54,"code":100255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n",[18,100257,100258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100259,100260,100262,100264,100266,100268],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100261,9033],{"class":75},[61,100263,80],{"class":79},[61,100265,83],{"class":75},[61,100267,86],{"class":79},[61,100269,730],{"class":75},[14,100271,100272,100274,100275,100277,100278,244],{},[18,100273,100162],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[18,100276,235],{}," that are not in ",[18,100279,1480],{},[44674,100281],{},[47,100283,3435,100285,3438],{"id":100284},"what-difference-does",[18,100286,100162],{},[14,100288,1744,100289,100291,100292,100294],{},[18,100290,100162],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[603,100293,605],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100296,12807],{},[26,100298,100299,100304,100307,100310],{},[29,100300,100301,100303],{},[18,100302,100162],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[29,100305,100306],{},"It creates a new set",[29,100308,100309],{},"It does not change the original set",[29,100311,100312],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100314,96072,100315,244],{},[235,100316,96076],{"href":97247},[44674,100318],{},[47,100320,248],{"id":247},[14,100322,100323],{},"Use this form:",[52,100325,100327],{"className":54,"code":100326,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[18,100328,100329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100330,100331,100334,100336,100338,100340,100343],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100332,100333],{"class":67},"set1",[61,100335,244],{"class":75},[61,100337,2571],{"class":112},[61,100339,109],{"class":75},[61,100341,100342],{"class":112},"set2",[61,100344,116],{"class":75},[14,100346,100347],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[52,100349,100351],{"className":54,"code":100350,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[18,100352,100353],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100354,100355,100357,100359,100361,100363,100365,100367,100370],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100356,100333],{"class":67},[61,100358,244],{"class":75},[61,100360,2571],{"class":112},[61,100362,109],{"class":75},[61,100364,100342],{"class":112},[61,100366,83],{"class":75},[61,100368,100369],{"class":112}," set3",[61,100371,116],{"class":75},[14,100373,100374,100375,100377],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[603,100376,5115],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100379,1109],{},[52,100381,100383],{"className":54,"code":100382,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100384,100385,100413,100429,100441,100445,100467],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100386,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409,100411],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100388,2313],{"class":67},[61,100390,72],{"class":71},[61,100392,717],{"class":75},[61,100394,80],{"class":79},[61,100396,83],{"class":75},[61,100398,86],{"class":79},[61,100400,83],{"class":75},[61,100402,91],{"class":79},[61,100404,83],{"class":75},[61,100406,693],{"class":79},[61,100408,83],{"class":75},[61,100410,4367],{"class":79},[61,100412,730],{"class":75},[61,100414,100415,100417,100419,100421,100423,100425,100427],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100416,2341],{"class":67},[61,100418,72],{"class":71},[61,100420,717],{"class":75},[61,100422,1821],{"class":79},[61,100424,83],{"class":75},[61,100426,91],{"class":79},[61,100428,730],{"class":75},[61,100430,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,100432,82931],{"class":67},[61,100434,72],{"class":71},[61,100436,717],{"class":75},[61,100438,645],{"class":79},[61,100440,730],{"class":75},[61,100442,100443],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,100444,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,100446,100447,100449,100451,100453,100455,100457,100459,100461,100463,100465],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,100448,100],{"class":67},[61,100450,72],{"class":71},[61,100452,56646],{"class":67},[61,100454,244],{"class":75},[61,100456,2571],{"class":112},[61,100458,109],{"class":75},[61,100460,1480],{"class":112},[61,100462,83],{"class":75},[61,100464,9434],{"class":112},[61,100466,116],{"class":75},[61,100468,100469,100471,100473,100475],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,100470,130],{"class":129},[61,100472,109],{"class":75},[61,100474,135],{"class":112},[61,100476,116],{"class":75},[14,100478,157],{},[52,100480,100482],{"className":54,"code":100481,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 4}\n",[18,100483,100484],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100485,100486,100488,100490,100492,100494],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100487,9033],{"class":75},[61,100489,80],{"class":79},[61,100491,83],{"class":75},[61,100493,693],{"class":79},[61,100495,730],{"class":75},[14,100497,100498,100499,100501,100502,2638,100504,244],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[18,100500,235],{}," and removes anything found in ",[18,100503,1480],{},[18,100505,573],{},[44674,100507],{},[47,100509,17175],{"id":17174},[14,100511,100512,100514,100515,244],{},[18,100513,100162],{}," always returns a ",[603,100516,100517],{},"new set",[14,100519,43408],{},[26,100521,100522,100525,100528],{},[29,100523,100524],{},"The return value is a new set",[29,100526,100527],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[29,100529,100530],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100532,1109],{},[52,100534,100536],{"className":54,"code":100535,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,100537,100538,100554,100574,100578,100596,100600,100610],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100539,100540,100542,100544,100546,100548,100550,100552],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100541,2313],{"class":67},[61,100543,72],{"class":71},[61,100545,717],{"class":75},[61,100547,80],{"class":79},[61,100549,83],{"class":75},[61,100551,86],{"class":79},[61,100553,730],{"class":75},[61,100555,100556,100558,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568,100570,100572],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100557,2341],{"class":67},[61,100559,72],{"class":71},[61,100561,717],{"class":75},[61,100563,80],{"class":79},[61,100565,83],{"class":75},[61,100567,86],{"class":79},[61,100569,83],{"class":75},[61,100571,91],{"class":79},[61,100573,730],{"class":75},[61,100575,100576],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,100577,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,100579,100580,100582,100584,100586,100588,100590,100592,100594],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,100581,100],{"class":67},[61,100583,72],{"class":71},[61,100585,56646],{"class":67},[61,100587,244],{"class":75},[61,100589,2571],{"class":112},[61,100591,109],{"class":75},[61,100593,1480],{"class":112},[61,100595,116],{"class":75},[61,100597,100598],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,100599,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,100601,100602,100604,100606,100608],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,100603,130],{"class":129},[61,100605,109],{"class":75},[61,100607,135],{"class":112},[61,100609,116],{"class":75},[61,100611,100612,100614,100616,100618,100620,100622],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,100613,130],{"class":129},[61,100615,109],{"class":75},[61,100617,147],{"class":105},[61,100619,109],{"class":75},[61,100621,135],{"class":112},[61,100623,154],{"class":75},[14,100625,157],{},[52,100627,100628],{"className":54,"code":99036,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,100629,100630,100636],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100631,100632,100634],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100633,6046],{"class":105},[61,100635,263],{"class":75},[61,100637,100638,100640,100642,100644,100646,100648],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100639,183],{"class":71},[61,100641,187],{"class":186},[61,100643,191],{"class":190},[61,100645,6046],{"class":194},[61,100647,198],{"class":190},[61,100649,201],{"class":71},[14,100651,100652,100653,18719,100655,100657,100658,100660],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[18,100654,3555],{},[18,100656,3550],{},". In Python, ",[18,100659,3550],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44674,100662],{},[47,100664,11228],{"id":11227},[14,100666,100667],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[52,100669,100671],{"className":54,"code":100670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[18,100672,100673,100706,100739,100743,100763,100767,100777,100788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100674,100675,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696,100698,100700,100702,100704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100676,100677],{"class":67},"fruits_a ",[61,100679,72],{"class":71},[61,100681,717],{"class":75},[61,100683,816],{"class":190},[61,100685,3838],{"class":194},[61,100687,816],{"class":190},[61,100689,83],{"class":75},[61,100691,522],{"class":190},[61,100693,3847],{"class":194},[61,100695,816],{"class":190},[61,100697,83],{"class":75},[61,100699,522],{"class":190},[61,100701,32976],{"class":194},[61,100703,816],{"class":190},[61,100705,730],{"class":75},[61,100707,100708,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725,100727,100729,100731,100733,100735,100737],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100709,100710],{"class":67},"fruits_b ",[61,100712,72],{"class":71},[61,100714,717],{"class":75},[61,100716,816],{"class":190},[61,100718,3847],{"class":194},[61,100720,816],{"class":190},[61,100722,83],{"class":75},[61,100724,522],{"class":190},[61,100726,32976],{"class":194},[61,100728,816],{"class":190},[61,100730,83],{"class":75},[61,100732,522],{"class":190},[61,100734,22290],{"class":194},[61,100736,816],{"class":190},[61,100738,730],{"class":75},[61,100740,100741],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,100742,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,100744,100745,100747,100749,100752,100754,100756,100758,100761],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,100746,100],{"class":67},[61,100748,72],{"class":71},[61,100750,100751],{"class":67}," fruits_a",[61,100753,244],{"class":75},[61,100755,2571],{"class":112},[61,100757,109],{"class":75},[61,100759,100760],{"class":112},"fruits_b",[61,100762,116],{"class":75},[61,100764,100765],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,100766,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,100768,100769,100771,100773,100775],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,100770,130],{"class":129},[61,100772,109],{"class":75},[61,100774,135],{"class":112},[61,100776,116],{"class":75},[61,100778,100779,100781,100783,100786],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,100780,130],{"class":129},[61,100782,109],{"class":75},[61,100784,100785],{"class":112},"fruits_a",[61,100787,116],{"class":75},[61,100789,100790,100792,100794,100796],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,100791,130],{"class":129},[61,100793,109],{"class":75},[61,100795,100760],{"class":112},[61,100797,116],{"class":75},[14,100799,879],{},[52,100801,100803],{"className":54,"code":100802,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[18,100804,100805,100817,100845],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100806,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100808,9033],{"class":75},[61,100810,198],{"class":190},[61,100812,3838],{"class":194},[61,100814,198],{"class":190},[61,100816,730],{"class":75},[61,100818,100819,100821,100823,100825,100827,100829,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841,100843],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100820,9033],{"class":75},[61,100822,198],{"class":190},[61,100824,3847],{"class":194},[61,100826,198],{"class":190},[61,100828,83],{"class":75},[61,100830,191],{"class":190},[61,100832,32976],{"class":194},[61,100834,198],{"class":190},[61,100836,83],{"class":75},[61,100838,191],{"class":190},[61,100840,3838],{"class":194},[61,100842,198],{"class":190},[61,100844,730],{"class":75},[61,100846,100847,100849,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863,100865,100867,100869,100871],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,100848,9033],{"class":75},[61,100850,198],{"class":190},[61,100852,3847],{"class":194},[61,100854,198],{"class":190},[61,100856,83],{"class":75},[61,100858,191],{"class":190},[61,100860,32976],{"class":194},[61,100862,198],{"class":190},[61,100864,83],{"class":75},[61,100866,191],{"class":190},[61,100868,22290],{"class":194},[61,100870,198],{"class":190},[61,100872,730],{"class":75},[14,100874,11437],{},[26,100876,100877,100882,100887,100893],{},[29,100878,100879,100880],{},"Start with ",[18,100881,100785],{},[29,100883,100884,100885],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[18,100886,100760],{},[29,100888,100889,100890,100892],{},"Only ",[18,100891,57592],{}," remains",[29,100894,100895],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,100897,100898],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44674,100900],{},[47,100902,8175,100904,100906],{"id":100903},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[18,100905,100162],{}," with multiple sets",[14,100908,100909,100910,244],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[18,100911,100162],{},[14,100913,100914],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[52,100916,100918],{"className":54,"code":100917,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100919,100920,100952,100969,100982,100999,101003,101032],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100921,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100923,68],{"class":67},[61,100925,72],{"class":71},[61,100927,717],{"class":75},[61,100929,80],{"class":79},[61,100931,83],{"class":75},[61,100933,86],{"class":79},[61,100935,83],{"class":75},[61,100937,91],{"class":79},[61,100939,83],{"class":75},[61,100941,693],{"class":79},[61,100943,83],{"class":75},[61,100945,4367],{"class":79},[61,100947,83],{"class":75},[61,100949,37400],{"class":79},[61,100951,730],{"class":75},[61,100953,100954,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965,100967],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,100955,100956],{"class":67},"group_a ",[61,100958,72],{"class":71},[61,100960,717],{"class":75},[61,100962,1821],{"class":79},[61,100964,83],{"class":75},[61,100966,693],{"class":79},[61,100968,730],{"class":75},[61,100970,100971,100974,100976,100978,100980],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,100972,100973],{"class":67},"group_b ",[61,100975,72],{"class":71},[61,100977,717],{"class":75},[61,100979,645],{"class":79},[61,100981,730],{"class":75},[61,100983,100984,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,100985,100986],{"class":67},"group_c ",[61,100988,72],{"class":71},[61,100990,717],{"class":75},[61,100992,80340],{"class":79},[61,100994,83],{"class":75},[61,100996,1134],{"class":79},[61,100998,730],{"class":75},[61,101000,101001],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,101002,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,101004,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017,101020,101022,101025,101027,101030],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,101006,100],{"class":67},[61,101008,72],{"class":71},[61,101010,4023],{"class":67},[61,101012,244],{"class":75},[61,101014,2571],{"class":112},[61,101016,109],{"class":75},[61,101018,101019],{"class":112},"group_a",[61,101021,83],{"class":75},[61,101023,101024],{"class":112}," group_b",[61,101026,83],{"class":75},[61,101028,101029],{"class":112}," group_c",[61,101031,116],{"class":75},[61,101033,101034,101036,101038,101040],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,101035,130],{"class":129},[61,101037,109],{"class":75},[61,101039,135],{"class":112},[61,101041,116],{"class":75},[14,101043,157],{},[52,101045,101047],{"className":54,"code":101046,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 3}\n",[18,101048,101049],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101050,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101052,9033],{"class":75},[61,101054,80],{"class":79},[61,101056,83],{"class":75},[61,101058,91],{"class":79},[61,101060,730],{"class":75},[14,101062,101063],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44674,101065],{},[47,101067,101069,10337,101071],{"id":101068},"difference-vs-difference_update",[18,101070,100162],{},[18,101072,101073],{},"difference_update()",[14,101075,101076],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[408,101078,101079],{"id":2571},[18,101080,100162],{},[26,101082,101083,101086],{},[29,101084,101085],{},"Returns a new set",[29,101087,101088],{},"Does not change the original set",[52,101090,101092],{"className":54,"code":101091,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101093,101094,101118,101134,101138,101156,101160,101170],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101095,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110,101112,101114,101116],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101097,2313],{"class":67},[61,101099,72],{"class":71},[61,101101,717],{"class":75},[61,101103,80],{"class":79},[61,101105,83],{"class":75},[61,101107,86],{"class":79},[61,101109,83],{"class":75},[61,101111,91],{"class":79},[61,101113,83],{"class":75},[61,101115,693],{"class":79},[61,101117,730],{"class":75},[61,101119,101120,101122,101124,101126,101128,101130,101132],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101121,2341],{"class":67},[61,101123,72],{"class":71},[61,101125,717],{"class":75},[61,101127,1827],{"class":79},[61,101129,83],{"class":75},[61,101131,693],{"class":79},[61,101133,730],{"class":75},[61,101135,101136],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,101137,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,101139,101140,101142,101144,101146,101148,101150,101152,101154],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,101141,100],{"class":67},[61,101143,72],{"class":71},[61,101145,56646],{"class":67},[61,101147,244],{"class":75},[61,101149,2571],{"class":112},[61,101151,109],{"class":75},[61,101153,1480],{"class":112},[61,101155,116],{"class":75},[61,101157,101158],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,101159,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,101161,101162,101164,101166,101168],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,101163,130],{"class":129},[61,101165,109],{"class":75},[61,101167,135],{"class":112},[61,101169,116],{"class":75},[61,101171,101172,101174,101176,101178],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,101173,130],{"class":129},[61,101175,109],{"class":75},[61,101177,235],{"class":112},[61,101179,116],{"class":75},[14,101181,157],{},[52,101183,101185],{"className":54,"code":101184,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,101186,101187,101199],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101188,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101190,9033],{"class":75},[61,101192,80],{"class":79},[61,101194,83],{"class":75},[61,101196,86],{"class":79},[61,101198,730],{"class":75},[61,101200,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101202,9033],{"class":75},[61,101204,80],{"class":79},[61,101206,83],{"class":75},[61,101208,86],{"class":79},[61,101210,83],{"class":75},[61,101212,91],{"class":79},[61,101214,83],{"class":75},[61,101216,693],{"class":79},[61,101218,730],{"class":75},[408,101220,101222],{"id":101221},"difference_update",[18,101223,101073],{},[26,101225,101226,101229],{},[29,101227,101228],{},"Changes the original set",[29,101230,96066],{},[52,101232,101234],{"className":54,"code":101233,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,101235,101236,101260,101276,101280,101294,101298],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101237,101238,101240,101242,101244,101246,101248,101250,101252,101254,101256,101258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101239,2313],{"class":67},[61,101241,72],{"class":71},[61,101243,717],{"class":75},[61,101245,80],{"class":79},[61,101247,83],{"class":75},[61,101249,86],{"class":79},[61,101251,83],{"class":75},[61,101253,91],{"class":79},[61,101255,83],{"class":75},[61,101257,693],{"class":79},[61,101259,730],{"class":75},[61,101261,101262,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101263,2341],{"class":67},[61,101265,72],{"class":71},[61,101267,717],{"class":75},[61,101269,1827],{"class":79},[61,101271,83],{"class":75},[61,101273,693],{"class":79},[61,101275,730],{"class":75},[61,101277,101278],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,101279,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,101281,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,101283,235],{"class":67},[61,101285,244],{"class":75},[61,101287,101221],{"class":112},[61,101289,109],{"class":75},[61,101291,1480],{"class":112},[61,101293,116],{"class":75},[61,101295,101296],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,101297,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,101299,101300,101302,101304,101306],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,101301,130],{"class":129},[61,101303,109],{"class":75},[61,101305,235],{"class":112},[61,101307,116],{"class":75},[14,101309,157],{},[52,101311,101312],{"className":54,"code":100255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,101313,101314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101315,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101317,9033],{"class":75},[61,101319,80],{"class":79},[61,101321,83],{"class":75},[61,101323,86],{"class":79},[61,101325,730],{"class":75},[14,101327,204,101328,101330],{},[18,101329,100162],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101332,101333,101334,33356],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[18,101335,101073],{},[44674,101337],{},[47,101339,101341,101343,101344,101346],{"id":101340},"difference-vs-the-operator",[18,101342,100162],{}," vs the ",[18,101345,1786],{}," operator",[14,101348,1744,101349,101351,101352,101354],{},[18,101350,1786],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[18,101353,100162],{}," for two sets.",[52,101356,101358],{"className":54,"code":101357,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[18,101359,101360,101384,101400,101404,101422],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101361,101362,101364,101366,101368,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101363,2313],{"class":67},[61,101365,72],{"class":71},[61,101367,717],{"class":75},[61,101369,80],{"class":79},[61,101371,83],{"class":75},[61,101373,86],{"class":79},[61,101375,83],{"class":75},[61,101377,91],{"class":79},[61,101379,83],{"class":75},[61,101381,693],{"class":79},[61,101383,730],{"class":75},[61,101385,101386,101388,101390,101392,101394,101396,101398],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101387,2341],{"class":67},[61,101389,72],{"class":71},[61,101391,717],{"class":75},[61,101393,1827],{"class":79},[61,101395,83],{"class":75},[61,101397,693],{"class":79},[61,101399,730],{"class":75},[61,101401,101402],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,101403,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,101405,101406,101408,101410,101412,101414,101416,101418,101420],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,101407,130],{"class":129},[61,101409,109],{"class":75},[61,101411,235],{"class":112},[61,101413,244],{"class":75},[61,101415,2571],{"class":112},[61,101417,109],{"class":75},[61,101419,1480],{"class":112},[61,101421,154],{"class":75},[61,101423,101424,101426,101428,101430,101432,101434],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,101425,130],{"class":129},[61,101427,109],{"class":75},[61,101429,2313],{"class":112},[61,101431,1786],{"class":71},[61,101433,2318],{"class":112},[61,101435,116],{"class":75},[14,101437,157],{},[52,101439,101441],{"className":54,"code":101440,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,101442,101443,101455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101444,101445,101447,101449,101451,101453],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101446,9033],{"class":75},[61,101448,80],{"class":79},[61,101450,83],{"class":75},[61,101452,86],{"class":79},[61,101454,730],{"class":75},[61,101456,101457,101459,101461,101463,101465],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101458,9033],{"class":75},[61,101460,80],{"class":79},[61,101462,83],{"class":75},[61,101464,86],{"class":79},[61,101466,730],{"class":75},[14,101468,101469],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101471,94336,101472,2251],{},[18,101473,100162],{},[26,101475,101476,101479,101482],{},[29,101477,101478],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[29,101480,101481],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[29,101483,101484],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101486,101487],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[52,101489,101491],{"className":54,"code":101490,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[18,101492,101493,101521,101533,101545,101549],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101494,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511,101513,101515,101517,101519],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101496,2313],{"class":67},[61,101498,72],{"class":71},[61,101500,717],{"class":75},[61,101502,80],{"class":79},[61,101504,83],{"class":75},[61,101506,86],{"class":79},[61,101508,83],{"class":75},[61,101510,91],{"class":79},[61,101512,83],{"class":75},[61,101514,693],{"class":79},[61,101516,83],{"class":75},[61,101518,4367],{"class":79},[61,101520,730],{"class":75},[61,101522,101523,101525,101527,101529,101531],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101524,2341],{"class":67},[61,101526,72],{"class":71},[61,101528,717],{"class":75},[61,101530,1821],{"class":79},[61,101532,730],{"class":75},[61,101534,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,101536,82931],{"class":67},[61,101538,72],{"class":71},[61,101540,717],{"class":75},[61,101542,1129],{"class":79},[61,101544,730],{"class":75},[61,101546,101547],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,101548,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,101550,101551,101553,101555,101557,101559,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,101552,130],{"class":129},[61,101554,109],{"class":75},[61,101556,235],{"class":112},[61,101558,244],{"class":75},[61,101560,2571],{"class":112},[61,101562,109],{"class":75},[61,101564,1480],{"class":112},[61,101566,83],{"class":75},[61,101568,9434],{"class":112},[61,101570,154],{"class":75},[14,101572,157],{},[52,101574,101576],{"className":54,"code":101575,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[18,101577,101578],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101579,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101581,9033],{"class":75},[61,101583,80],{"class":79},[61,101585,83],{"class":75},[61,101587,91],{"class":79},[61,101589,83],{"class":75},[61,101591,4367],{"class":79},[61,101593,730],{"class":75},[14,101595,101596,101597,101599],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[18,101598,1786],{}," operator expression.",[44674,101601],{},[47,101603,4280],{"id":4279},[14,101605,20968,101606,244],{},[18,101607,100162],{},[408,101609,101611],{"id":101610},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101613,4390,101614,101616,101617,824],{},[603,101615,605],{}," change ",[18,101618,235],{},[52,101620,101622],{"className":54,"code":101621,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101623,101624,101644,101656,101660,101674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101625,101626,101628,101630,101632,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101627,2313],{"class":67},[61,101629,72],{"class":71},[61,101631,717],{"class":75},[61,101633,80],{"class":79},[61,101635,83],{"class":75},[61,101637,86],{"class":79},[61,101639,83],{"class":75},[61,101641,91],{"class":79},[61,101643,730],{"class":75},[61,101645,101646,101648,101650,101652,101654],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101647,2341],{"class":67},[61,101649,72],{"class":71},[61,101651,717],{"class":75},[61,101653,1827],{"class":79},[61,101655,730],{"class":75},[61,101657,101658],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,101659,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,101661,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670,101672],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,101663,235],{"class":67},[61,101665,244],{"class":75},[61,101667,2571],{"class":112},[61,101669,109],{"class":75},[61,101671,1480],{"class":112},[61,101673,116],{"class":75},[61,101675,101676,101678,101680,101682],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,101677,130],{"class":129},[61,101679,109],{"class":75},[61,101681,235],{"class":112},[61,101683,116],{"class":75},[14,101685,157],{},[52,101687,101688],{"className":54,"code":96355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,101689,101690],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101691,101692,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702,101704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101693,9033],{"class":75},[61,101695,80],{"class":79},[61,101697,83],{"class":75},[61,101699,86],{"class":79},[61,101701,83],{"class":75},[61,101703,91],{"class":79},[61,101705,730],{"class":75},[14,101707,101708],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[52,101710,101712],{"className":54,"code":101711,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101713,101714,101734,101746,101750,101768],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101715,101716,101718,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101717,2313],{"class":67},[61,101719,72],{"class":71},[61,101721,717],{"class":75},[61,101723,80],{"class":79},[61,101725,83],{"class":75},[61,101727,86],{"class":79},[61,101729,83],{"class":75},[61,101731,91],{"class":79},[61,101733,730],{"class":75},[61,101735,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101737,2341],{"class":67},[61,101739,72],{"class":71},[61,101741,717],{"class":75},[61,101743,1827],{"class":79},[61,101745,730],{"class":75},[61,101747,101748],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,101749,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,101751,101752,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,101753,2313],{"class":67},[61,101755,72],{"class":71},[61,101757,56646],{"class":67},[61,101759,244],{"class":75},[61,101761,2571],{"class":112},[61,101763,109],{"class":75},[61,101765,1480],{"class":112},[61,101767,116],{"class":75},[61,101769,101770,101772,101774,101776],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,101771,130],{"class":129},[61,101773,109],{"class":75},[61,101775,235],{"class":112},[61,101777,116],{"class":75},[14,101779,157],{},[52,101781,101782],{"className":54,"code":100255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,101783,101784],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101785,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101787,9033],{"class":75},[61,101789,80],{"class":79},[61,101791,83],{"class":75},[61,101793,86],{"class":79},[61,101795,730],{"class":75},[408,101797,101799],{"id":101798},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,101801,101802,101805],{},[18,101803,101804],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[26,101807,101808,101813],{},[29,101809,101810,101811],{},"keep items from ",[18,101812,235],{},[29,101814,101815,101816],{},"remove anything also in ",[18,101817,1480],{},[14,101819,1386,101820,101822,101823,101825],{},[603,101821,605],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[18,101824,1480],{},"”.",[14,101827,1109],{},[52,101829,101831],{"className":54,"code":101830,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[18,101832,101833,101853,101873,101877,101895],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101834,101835,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101836,2313],{"class":67},[61,101838,72],{"class":71},[61,101840,717],{"class":75},[61,101842,80],{"class":79},[61,101844,83],{"class":75},[61,101846,86],{"class":79},[61,101848,83],{"class":75},[61,101850,91],{"class":79},[61,101852,730],{"class":75},[61,101854,101855,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101856,2341],{"class":67},[61,101858,72],{"class":71},[61,101860,717],{"class":75},[61,101862,1827],{"class":79},[61,101864,83],{"class":75},[61,101866,693],{"class":79},[61,101868,83],{"class":75},[61,101870,4367],{"class":79},[61,101872,730],{"class":75},[61,101874,101875],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,101876,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,101878,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,101880,130],{"class":129},[61,101882,109],{"class":75},[61,101884,235],{"class":112},[61,101886,244],{"class":75},[61,101888,2571],{"class":112},[61,101890,109],{"class":75},[61,101892,1480],{"class":112},[61,101894,154],{"class":75},[61,101896,101897,101899,101901,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,101898,130],{"class":129},[61,101900,109],{"class":75},[61,101902,1480],{"class":112},[61,101904,244],{"class":75},[61,101906,2571],{"class":112},[61,101908,109],{"class":75},[61,101910,235],{"class":112},[61,101912,154],{"class":75},[14,101914,157],{},[52,101916,101918],{"className":54,"code":101917,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[18,101919,101920,101932],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101921,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101923,9033],{"class":75},[61,101925,80],{"class":79},[61,101927,83],{"class":75},[61,101929,86],{"class":79},[61,101931,730],{"class":75},[61,101933,101934,101936,101938,101940,101942],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101935,9033],{"class":75},[61,101937,1129],{"class":79},[61,101939,83],{"class":75},[61,101941,4367],{"class":79},[61,101943,730],{"class":75},[14,101945,101946],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[408,101948,101950],{"id":101949},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,101952,101953,101955],{},[18,101954,100162],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,101957,55077],{},[52,101959,101961],{"className":54,"code":101960,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[18,101962,101963,101983,101999,102003],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101964,101965,101967,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101966,2313],{"class":67},[61,101968,72],{"class":71},[61,101970,76],{"class":75},[61,101972,80],{"class":79},[61,101974,83],{"class":75},[61,101976,86],{"class":79},[61,101978,83],{"class":75},[61,101980,91],{"class":79},[61,101982,94],{"class":75},[61,101984,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993,101995,101997],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,101986,2341],{"class":67},[61,101988,72],{"class":71},[61,101990,76],{"class":75},[61,101992,1827],{"class":79},[61,101994,83],{"class":75},[61,101996,693],{"class":79},[61,101998,94],{"class":75},[61,102000,102001],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,102002,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,102004,102005],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,102006,102007],{"class":3420},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102009,102010],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[52,102012,102014],{"className":54,"code":102013,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[18,102015,102016,102036,102052,102056,102082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102017,102018,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032,102034],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102019,2313],{"class":67},[61,102021,72],{"class":71},[61,102023,76],{"class":75},[61,102025,80],{"class":79},[61,102027,83],{"class":75},[61,102029,86],{"class":79},[61,102031,83],{"class":75},[61,102033,91],{"class":79},[61,102035,94],{"class":75},[61,102037,102038,102040,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102039,2341],{"class":67},[61,102041,72],{"class":71},[61,102043,76],{"class":75},[61,102045,1827],{"class":79},[61,102047,83],{"class":75},[61,102049,693],{"class":79},[61,102051,94],{"class":75},[61,102053,102054],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,102055,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,102057,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,102059,100],{"class":67},[61,102061,72],{"class":71},[61,102063,15389],{"class":105},[61,102065,109],{"class":75},[61,102067,235],{"class":112},[61,102069,8390],{"class":75},[61,102071,2571],{"class":112},[61,102073,109],{"class":75},[61,102075,6046],{"class":105},[61,102077,109],{"class":75},[61,102079,1480],{"class":112},[61,102081,154],{"class":75},[61,102083,102084,102086,102088,102090],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,102085,130],{"class":129},[61,102087,109],{"class":75},[61,102089,135],{"class":112},[61,102091,116],{"class":75},[14,102093,157],{},[52,102095,102096],{"className":54,"code":100255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,102097,102098],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102099,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102101,9033],{"class":75},[61,102103,80],{"class":79},[61,102105,83],{"class":75},[61,102107,86],{"class":79},[61,102109,730],{"class":75},[408,102111,102113],{"id":102112},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102115,102116],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[52,102118,102120],{"className":54,"code":102119,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102121,102122,102154,102170,102174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102123,102124,102126,102128,102130,102132,102134,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146,102148,102150,102152],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102125,2313],{"class":67},[61,102127,72],{"class":71},[61,102129,717],{"class":75},[61,102131,816],{"class":190},[61,102133,525],{"class":194},[61,102135,816],{"class":190},[61,102137,83],{"class":75},[61,102139,522],{"class":190},[61,102141,57886],{"class":194},[61,102143,816],{"class":190},[61,102145,83],{"class":75},[61,102147,522],{"class":190},[61,102149,57903],{"class":194},[61,102151,816],{"class":190},[61,102153,730],{"class":75},[61,102155,102156,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102157,2341],{"class":67},[61,102159,72],{"class":71},[61,102161,717],{"class":75},[61,102163,816],{"class":190},[61,102165,57886],{"class":194},[61,102167,816],{"class":190},[61,102169,730],{"class":75},[61,102171,102172],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,102173,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,102175,102176,102178,102180,102182,102184,102186,102188,102190],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,102177,130],{"class":129},[61,102179,109],{"class":75},[61,102181,235],{"class":112},[61,102183,244],{"class":75},[61,102185,2571],{"class":112},[61,102187,109],{"class":75},[61,102189,1480],{"class":112},[61,102191,154],{"class":75},[14,102193,102194],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[408,102196,102198],{"id":102197},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102200,102201],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[52,102203,102205],{"className":54,"code":102204,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102206,102207,102235,102247,102251,102261],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102208,102209,102211,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231,102233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102210,2313],{"class":67},[61,102212,72],{"class":71},[61,102214,717],{"class":75},[61,102216,80],{"class":79},[61,102218,83],{"class":75},[61,102220,680],{"class":79},[61,102222,83],{"class":75},[61,102224,86],{"class":79},[61,102226,83],{"class":75},[61,102228,86],{"class":79},[61,102230,83],{"class":75},[61,102232,91],{"class":79},[61,102234,730],{"class":75},[61,102236,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102238,2341],{"class":67},[61,102240,72],{"class":71},[61,102242,717],{"class":75},[61,102244,1827],{"class":79},[61,102246,730],{"class":75},[61,102248,102249],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,102250,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,102252,102253,102255,102257,102259],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,102254,130],{"class":129},[61,102256,109],{"class":75},[61,102258,235],{"class":112},[61,102260,116],{"class":75},[61,102262,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271,102273,102275,102277],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,102264,130],{"class":129},[61,102266,109],{"class":75},[61,102268,235],{"class":112},[61,102270,244],{"class":75},[61,102272,2571],{"class":112},[61,102274,109],{"class":75},[61,102276,1480],{"class":112},[61,102278,154],{"class":75},[14,102280,157],{},[52,102282,102284],{"className":54,"code":102283,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,102285,102286,102302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102287,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102289,9033],{"class":75},[61,102291,80],{"class":79},[61,102293,83],{"class":75},[61,102295,86],{"class":79},[61,102297,83],{"class":75},[61,102299,91],{"class":79},[61,102301,730],{"class":75},[61,102303,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102305,9033],{"class":75},[61,102307,80],{"class":79},[61,102309,83],{"class":75},[61,102311,86],{"class":79},[61,102313,730],{"class":75},[14,102315,102316,102317,102319],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[18,102318,100162],{}," runs.",[408,102321,102323],{"id":102322},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102325,102326],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[52,102328,102330],{"className":54,"code":102329,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[18,102331,102332,102356,102376,102380,102390,102400,102418,102440],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102333,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102335,2313],{"class":67},[61,102337,72],{"class":71},[61,102339,717],{"class":75},[61,102341,80],{"class":79},[61,102343,83],{"class":75},[61,102345,86],{"class":79},[61,102347,83],{"class":75},[61,102349,91],{"class":79},[61,102351,83],{"class":75},[61,102353,693],{"class":79},[61,102355,730],{"class":75},[61,102357,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102359,2341],{"class":67},[61,102361,72],{"class":71},[61,102363,717],{"class":75},[61,102365,1827],{"class":79},[61,102367,83],{"class":75},[61,102369,693],{"class":79},[61,102371,83],{"class":75},[61,102373,4367],{"class":79},[61,102375,730],{"class":75},[61,102377,102378],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,102379,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,102381,102382,102384,102386,102388],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,102383,130],{"class":129},[61,102385,109],{"class":75},[61,102387,235],{"class":112},[61,102389,116],{"class":75},[61,102391,102392,102394,102396,102398],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,102393,130],{"class":129},[61,102395,109],{"class":75},[61,102397,1480],{"class":112},[61,102399,116],{"class":75},[61,102401,102402,102404,102406,102408,102410,102412,102414,102416],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,102403,130],{"class":129},[61,102405,109],{"class":75},[61,102407,235],{"class":112},[61,102409,244],{"class":75},[61,102411,2571],{"class":112},[61,102413,109],{"class":75},[61,102415,1480],{"class":112},[61,102417,154],{"class":75},[61,102419,102420,102422,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432,102434,102436,102438],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,102421,130],{"class":129},[61,102423,109],{"class":75},[61,102425,147],{"class":105},[61,102427,109],{"class":75},[61,102429,235],{"class":112},[61,102431,244],{"class":75},[61,102433,2571],{"class":112},[61,102435,109],{"class":75},[61,102437,1480],{"class":112},[61,102439,2672],{"class":75},[61,102441,102442,102444,102446,102448,102450,102452,102454,102456,102458,102460],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,102443,130],{"class":129},[61,102445,109],{"class":75},[61,102447,10914],{"class":129},[61,102449,109],{"class":75},[61,102451,235],{"class":112},[61,102453,244],{"class":75},[61,102455,2571],{"class":112},[61,102457,109],{"class":75},[61,102459,1480],{"class":112},[61,102461,2672],{"class":75},[14,102463,10923],{},[26,102465,102466,102469,102472,102475],{},[29,102467,102468],{},"what is in each set",[29,102470,102471],{},"what result Python creates",[29,102473,102474],{},"that the result is a set",[29,102476,102477],{},"how many items remain",[44674,102479],{},[47,102481,1620],{"id":1619},[408,102483,12459,102485,102487],{"id":102484},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[18,102486,100162],{}," change the original set?",[14,102489,102490],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[408,102492,4943,102494,4154,102496,2251],{"id":102493},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[18,102495,100162],{},[18,102497,101073],{},[14,102499,102500,102502,102503,102505],{},[18,102501,100162],{}," returns a new set. ",[18,102504,101073],{}," modifies the original set.",[408,102507,28085,102509,102511],{"id":102508},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,102510,100162],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102513,102514],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[408,102516,102518],{"id":102517},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102520,102521],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44674,102523],{},[47,102525,1664],{"id":1663},[26,102527,102528,102532,102540],{},[29,102529,102530],{},[235,102531,96076],{"href":97247},[29,102533,102534],{},[235,102535,96562,102537,10492],{"href":102536},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[18,102538,102539],{},"intersection()",[29,102541,102542],{},[235,102543,96562,102545,10492],{"href":102544},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[18,102546,102547],{},"union()",[1693,102549,102550],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":102552},[102553,102554,102556,102557,102558,102559,102561,102566,102568,102576,102585],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":100284,"depth":97,"text":102555},"What difference() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":100903,"depth":97,"text":102560},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101068,"depth":97,"text":102562,"children":102563},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102564,102565],{"id":2571,"depth":119,"text":100162},{"id":101221,"depth":119,"text":101073},{"id":101340,"depth":97,"text":102567},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":102569},[102570,102571,102572,102573,102574,102575],{"id":101610,"depth":119,"text":101611},{"id":101798,"depth":119,"text":101799},{"id":101949,"depth":119,"text":101950},{"id":102112,"depth":119,"text":102113},{"id":102197,"depth":119,"text":102198},{"id":102322,"depth":119,"text":102323},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":102577},[102578,102580,102582,102584],{"id":102484,"depth":119,"text":102579},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102493,"depth":119,"text":102581},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102508,"depth":119,"text":102583},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102517,"depth":119,"text":102518},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100154,"description":102586},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102593,"title":102594,"body":102595,"description":104290,"extension":1727,"meta":104291,"navigation":122,"path":104292,"seo":104293,"stem":104294,"__hash__":104295},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102596,"toc":104252},[102597,102603,102609,102622,102624,102725,102727,102772,102777,102782,102786,102800,102803,102811,102813,102832,102850,102854,102907,102909,102930,102937,102942,102969,102976,103075,103077,103114,103122,103126,103132,103135,103208,103210,103218,103223,103292,103294,103319,103321,103324,103427,103429,103490,103493,103497,103503,103576,103578,103611,103614,103617,103657,103663,103686,103691,103695,103706,103709,103711,103715,103721,103723,103780,103790,103792,103845,103852,103857,103925,103933,103939,103943,103945,103984,103989,104038,104042,104045,104047,104086,104089,104091,104096,104153,104155,104169,104171,104175,104181,104186,104191,104198,104209,104215,104220,104222,104249],[10,102598,95948,102600,11075],{"id":102599},"python-set-discard-method",[18,102601,102602],{},"discard()",[14,102604,102605,102608],{},[18,102606,102607],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102610,102611,102612,1951,102617,601,102619,102621],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[235,102613,102614],{"href":97957},[18,102615,102616],{},"set.remove()",[18,102618,102602],{},[603,102620,605],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[47,102623,50],{"id":49},[52,102625,102627],{"className":54,"code":102626,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[18,102628,102629,102661,102680,102690,102694,102715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102630,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647,102649,102651,102653,102655,102657,102659],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102632,12831],{"class":67},[61,102634,72],{"class":71},[61,102636,717],{"class":75},[61,102638,816],{"class":190},[61,102640,12848],{"class":194},[61,102642,816],{"class":190},[61,102644,83],{"class":75},[61,102646,522],{"class":190},[61,102648,12865],{"class":194},[61,102650,816],{"class":190},[61,102652,83],{"class":75},[61,102654,522],{"class":190},[61,102656,17212],{"class":194},[61,102658,816],{"class":190},[61,102660,730],{"class":75},[61,102662,102663,102665,102667,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102664,17259],{"class":67},[61,102666,244],{"class":75},[61,102668,102669],{"class":112},"discard",[61,102671,109],{"class":75},[61,102673,816],{"class":190},[61,102675,12865],{"class":194},[61,102677,816],{"class":190},[61,102679,116],{"class":75},[61,102681,102682,102684,102686,102688],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,102683,130],{"class":129},[61,102685,109],{"class":75},[61,102687,17259],{"class":112},[61,102689,116],{"class":75},[61,102691,102692],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,102693,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,102695,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,102697,17259],{"class":67},[61,102699,244],{"class":75},[61,102701,102669],{"class":112},[61,102703,109],{"class":75},[61,102705,816],{"class":190},[61,102707,22281],{"class":194},[61,102709,816],{"class":190},[61,102711,3417],{"class":75},[61,102713,102714],{"class":3420},"  # no error if missing\n",[61,102716,102717,102719,102721,102723],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,102718,130],{"class":129},[61,102720,109],{"class":75},[61,102722,17259],{"class":112},[61,102724,116],{"class":75},[14,102726,879],{},[52,102728,102730],{"className":54,"code":102729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,102731,102732,102752],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102733,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102735,9033],{"class":75},[61,102737,198],{"class":190},[61,102739,12848],{"class":194},[61,102741,198],{"class":190},[61,102743,83],{"class":75},[61,102745,191],{"class":190},[61,102747,17212],{"class":194},[61,102749,198],{"class":190},[61,102751,730],{"class":75},[61,102753,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102755,9033],{"class":75},[61,102757,198],{"class":190},[61,102759,12848],{"class":194},[61,102761,198],{"class":190},[61,102763,83],{"class":75},[61,102765,191],{"class":190},[61,102767,17212],{"class":194},[61,102769,198],{"class":190},[61,102771,730],{"class":75},[14,102773,204,102774,102776],{},[18,102775,102602],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[47,102778,3435,102780,3438],{"id":102779},"what-setdiscard-does",[18,102781,102607],{},[14,102783,102784,824],{},[18,102785,102602],{},[26,102787,102788,102791,102794,102796],{},[29,102789,102790],{},"Removes one item from a set",[29,102792,102793],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[29,102795,96063],{},[29,102797,11177,102798],{},[18,102799,3536],{},[14,102801,102802],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,102804,96072,102805,2638,102808,244],{},[235,102806,102807],{"href":98539},"what a set is in Python",[235,102809,102810],{"href":97631},"how to create a set",[47,102812,248],{"id":247},[52,102814,102816],{"className":54,"code":102815,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[18,102817,102818],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102819,102820,102822,102824,102826,102828,102830],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102821,15422],{"class":67},[61,102823,244],{"class":75},[61,102825,102669],{"class":112},[61,102827,109],{"class":75},[61,102829,1605],{"class":112},[61,102831,116],{"class":75},[26,102833,102834,102839,102844,102847],{},[29,102835,102836,102838],{},[18,102837,15422],{}," is the set you want to change",[29,102840,102841,102843],{},[18,102842,1605],{}," is the item you want to remove",[29,102845,102846],{},"The set must already exist",[29,102848,102849],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[408,102851,102853],{"id":102852},"example","Example",[52,102855,102857],{"className":54,"code":102856,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,102858,102859,102883,102897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102860,102861,102863,102865,102867,102869,102871,102873,102875,102877,102879,102881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102862,68],{"class":67},[61,102864,72],{"class":71},[61,102866,717],{"class":75},[61,102868,80],{"class":79},[61,102870,83],{"class":75},[61,102872,86],{"class":79},[61,102874,83],{"class":75},[61,102876,91],{"class":79},[61,102878,83],{"class":75},[61,102880,693],{"class":79},[61,102882,730],{"class":75},[61,102884,102885,102887,102889,102891,102893,102895],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,102886,113],{"class":67},[61,102888,244],{"class":75},[61,102890,102669],{"class":112},[61,102892,109],{"class":75},[61,102894,1827],{"class":79},[61,102896,116],{"class":75},[61,102898,102899,102901,102903,102905],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,102900,130],{"class":129},[61,102902,109],{"class":75},[61,102904,113],{"class":112},[61,102906,116],{"class":75},[14,102908,157],{},[52,102910,102912],{"className":54,"code":102911,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[18,102913,102914],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102915,102916,102918,102920,102922,102924,102926,102928],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102917,9033],{"class":75},[61,102919,80],{"class":79},[61,102921,83],{"class":75},[61,102923,86],{"class":79},[61,102925,83],{"class":75},[61,102927,693],{"class":79},[61,102929,730],{"class":75},[47,102931,102933,102934,102936],{"id":102932},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[18,102935,102602],{}," different",[14,102938,102939,102941],{},[18,102940,102602],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[26,102943,102944,102957,102966],{},[29,102945,102946,102947,1951,102951,102953,102954,102956],{},"Unlike ",[235,102948,102949],{"href":97957},[18,102950,55287],{},[18,102952,102602],{}," does not raise ",[18,102955,19443],{}," when the item is missing",[29,102958,102946,102959,1951,102963,102965],{},[235,102960,102961],{"href":97962},[18,102962,12518],{},[18,102964,102602],{}," removes a specific item",[29,102967,102968],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[408,102970,102972,10337,102974],{"id":102971},"discard-vs-remove",[18,102973,102602],{},[18,102975,55287],{},[52,102977,102979],{"className":54,"code":102978,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[18,102980,102981,103005,103009,103030,103040,103044,103065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102982,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102984,7539],{"class":67},[61,102986,72],{"class":71},[61,102988,717],{"class":75},[61,102990,816],{"class":190},[61,102992,3838],{"class":194},[61,102994,816],{"class":190},[61,102996,83],{"class":75},[61,102998,522],{"class":190},[61,103000,3847],{"class":194},[61,103002,816],{"class":190},[61,103004,730],{"class":75},[61,103006,103007],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103008,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,103010,103011,103013,103015,103017,103019,103021,103023,103025,103027],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,103012,993],{"class":67},[61,103014,244],{"class":75},[61,103016,102669],{"class":112},[61,103018,109],{"class":75},[61,103020,816],{"class":190},[61,103022,32976],{"class":194},[61,103024,816],{"class":190},[61,103026,3417],{"class":75},[61,103028,103029],{"class":3420},"   # no error\n",[61,103031,103032,103034,103036,103038],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,103033,130],{"class":129},[61,103035,109],{"class":75},[61,103037,993],{"class":112},[61,103039,116],{"class":75},[61,103041,103042],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,103043,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,103045,103046,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,103047,993],{"class":67},[61,103049,244],{"class":75},[61,103051,34549],{"class":112},[61,103053,109],{"class":75},[61,103055,816],{"class":190},[61,103057,3847],{"class":194},[61,103059,816],{"class":190},[61,103061,3417],{"class":75},[61,103063,103064],{"class":3420},"    # removes existing item\n",[61,103066,103067,103069,103071,103073],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,103068,130],{"class":129},[61,103070,109],{"class":75},[61,103072,993],{"class":112},[61,103074,116],{"class":75},[14,103076,157],{},[52,103078,103080],{"className":54,"code":103079,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[18,103081,103082,103102],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103083,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103085,9033],{"class":75},[61,103087,198],{"class":190},[61,103089,3838],{"class":194},[61,103091,198],{"class":190},[61,103093,83],{"class":75},[61,103095,191],{"class":190},[61,103097,3847],{"class":194},[61,103099,198],{"class":190},[61,103101,730],{"class":75},[61,103103,103104,103106,103108,103110,103112],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103105,9033],{"class":75},[61,103107,198],{"class":190},[61,103109,3838],{"class":194},[61,103111,198],{"class":190},[61,103113,730],{"class":75},[14,103115,40100,103116,103118,103119,103121],{},[18,103117,55287],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[235,103120,10827],{"href":10826}," for more help with that case.",[47,103123,103125],{"id":103124},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103127,103128,2158,103130,244],{},[18,103129,102602],{},[18,103131,3536],{},[14,103133,103134],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[52,103136,103138],{"className":54,"code":103137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,103139,103140,103172,103194,103198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103141,103142,103144,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156,103158,103160,103162,103164,103166,103168,103170],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103143,12831],{"class":67},[61,103145,72],{"class":71},[61,103147,717],{"class":75},[61,103149,816],{"class":190},[61,103151,12848],{"class":194},[61,103153,816],{"class":190},[61,103155,83],{"class":75},[61,103157,522],{"class":190},[61,103159,12865],{"class":194},[61,103161,816],{"class":190},[61,103163,83],{"class":75},[61,103165,522],{"class":190},[61,103167,17212],{"class":194},[61,103169,816],{"class":190},[61,103171,730],{"class":75},[61,103173,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103175,100],{"class":67},[61,103177,72],{"class":71},[61,103179,12879],{"class":67},[61,103181,244],{"class":75},[61,103183,102669],{"class":112},[61,103185,109],{"class":75},[61,103187,816],{"class":190},[61,103189,12865],{"class":194},[61,103191,816],{"class":190},[61,103193,116],{"class":75},[61,103195,103196],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,103197,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,103199,103200,103202,103204,103206],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,103201,130],{"class":129},[61,103203,109],{"class":75},[61,103205,135],{"class":112},[61,103207,116],{"class":75},[14,103209,157],{},[52,103211,103212],{"className":54,"code":11562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,103213,103214],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103215,103216],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103217,11562],{"class":3609},[14,103219,103220,103221,824],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[18,103222,17259],{},[52,103224,103226],{"className":54,"code":103225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,103227,103228,103260,103278,103282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103229,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256,103258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103231,12831],{"class":67},[61,103233,72],{"class":71},[61,103235,717],{"class":75},[61,103237,816],{"class":190},[61,103239,12848],{"class":194},[61,103241,816],{"class":190},[61,103243,83],{"class":75},[61,103245,522],{"class":190},[61,103247,12865],{"class":194},[61,103249,816],{"class":190},[61,103251,83],{"class":75},[61,103253,522],{"class":190},[61,103255,17212],{"class":194},[61,103257,816],{"class":190},[61,103259,730],{"class":75},[61,103261,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274,103276],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103263,17259],{"class":67},[61,103265,244],{"class":75},[61,103267,102669],{"class":112},[61,103269,109],{"class":75},[61,103271,816],{"class":190},[61,103273,12865],{"class":194},[61,103275,816],{"class":190},[61,103277,116],{"class":75},[61,103279,103280],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,103281,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,103283,103284,103286,103288,103290],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,103285,130],{"class":129},[61,103287,109],{"class":75},[61,103289,17259],{"class":112},[61,103291,116],{"class":75},[14,103293,157],{},[52,103295,103297],{"className":54,"code":103296,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103298,103299],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103300,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103302,9033],{"class":75},[61,103304,198],{"class":190},[61,103306,12848],{"class":194},[61,103308,198],{"class":190},[61,103310,83],{"class":75},[61,103312,191],{"class":190},[61,103314,17212],{"class":194},[61,103316,198],{"class":190},[61,103318,730],{"class":75},[47,103320,11228],{"id":11227},[14,103322,103323],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[52,103325,103327],{"className":54,"code":103326,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[18,103328,103329,103361,103365,103383,103387,103405,103409],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103330,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357,103359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103332,35995],{"class":67},[61,103334,72],{"class":71},[61,103336,717],{"class":75},[61,103338,816],{"class":190},[61,103340,3838],{"class":194},[61,103342,816],{"class":190},[61,103344,83],{"class":75},[61,103346,522],{"class":190},[61,103348,3847],{"class":194},[61,103350,816],{"class":190},[61,103352,83],{"class":75},[61,103354,522],{"class":190},[61,103356,32976],{"class":194},[61,103358,816],{"class":190},[61,103360,730],{"class":75},[61,103362,103363],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103364,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,103366,103367,103369,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379,103381],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,103368,130],{"class":129},[61,103370,109],{"class":75},[61,103372,816],{"class":190},[61,103374,11317],{"class":194},[61,103376,816],{"class":190},[61,103378,83],{"class":75},[61,103380,52609],{"class":112},[61,103382,116],{"class":75},[61,103384,103385],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,103386,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,103388,103389,103391,103393,103395,103397,103399,103401,103403],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,103390,36047],{"class":67},[61,103392,244],{"class":75},[61,103394,102669],{"class":112},[61,103396,109],{"class":75},[61,103398,816],{"class":190},[61,103400,3847],{"class":194},[61,103402,816],{"class":190},[61,103404,116],{"class":75},[61,103406,103407],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,103408,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,103410,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,103412,130],{"class":129},[61,103414,109],{"class":75},[61,103416,816],{"class":190},[61,103418,11357],{"class":194},[61,103420,816],{"class":190},[61,103422,83],{"class":75},[61,103424,52609],{"class":112},[61,103426,116],{"class":75},[14,103428,157],{},[52,103430,103432],{"className":54,"code":103431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103433,103434,103466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103435,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103437,11377],{"class":67},[61,103439,824],{"class":75},[61,103441,717],{"class":75},[61,103443,198],{"class":190},[61,103445,3847],{"class":194},[61,103447,198],{"class":190},[61,103449,83],{"class":75},[61,103451,191],{"class":190},[61,103453,3838],{"class":194},[61,103455,198],{"class":190},[61,103457,83],{"class":75},[61,103459,191],{"class":190},[61,103461,32976],{"class":194},[61,103463,198],{"class":190},[61,103465,730],{"class":75},[61,103467,103468,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103469,11430],{"class":67},[61,103471,824],{"class":75},[61,103473,717],{"class":75},[61,103475,198],{"class":190},[61,103477,3838],{"class":194},[61,103479,198],{"class":190},[61,103481,83],{"class":75},[61,103483,191],{"class":190},[61,103485,32976],{"class":194},[61,103487,198],{"class":190},[61,103489,730],{"class":75},[14,103491,103492],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[47,103494,103496],{"id":103495},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103498,103499,103500,103502],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[18,103501,102602],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[52,103504,103506],{"className":54,"code":103505,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,103507,103508,103540,103544,103562,103566],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103509,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103511,35995],{"class":67},[61,103513,72],{"class":71},[61,103515,717],{"class":75},[61,103517,816],{"class":190},[61,103519,3838],{"class":194},[61,103521,816],{"class":190},[61,103523,83],{"class":75},[61,103525,522],{"class":190},[61,103527,3847],{"class":194},[61,103529,816],{"class":190},[61,103531,83],{"class":75},[61,103533,522],{"class":190},[61,103535,32976],{"class":194},[61,103537,816],{"class":190},[61,103539,730],{"class":75},[61,103541,103542],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103543,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,103545,103546,103548,103550,103552,103554,103556,103558,103560],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,103547,36047],{"class":67},[61,103549,244],{"class":75},[61,103551,102669],{"class":112},[61,103553,109],{"class":75},[61,103555,816],{"class":190},[61,103557,22290],{"class":194},[61,103559,816],{"class":190},[61,103561,116],{"class":75},[61,103563,103564],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,103565,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,103567,103568,103570,103572,103574],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,103569,130],{"class":129},[61,103571,109],{"class":75},[61,103573,36047],{"class":112},[61,103575,116],{"class":75},[14,103577,157],{},[52,103579,103581],{"className":54,"code":103580,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103582,103583],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103584,103585,103587,103589,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103586,9033],{"class":75},[61,103588,198],{"class":190},[61,103590,3847],{"class":194},[61,103592,198],{"class":190},[61,103594,83],{"class":75},[61,103596,191],{"class":190},[61,103598,3838],{"class":194},[61,103600,198],{"class":190},[61,103602,83],{"class":75},[61,103604,191],{"class":190},[61,103606,32976],{"class":194},[61,103608,198],{"class":190},[61,103610,730],{"class":75},[14,103612,103613],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103615,103616],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[52,103618,103620],{"className":54,"code":103619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,103621,103622,103638],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103623,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103625,6758],{"class":3634},[61,103627,522],{"class":190},[61,103629,22290],{"class":194},[61,103631,816],{"class":190},[61,103633,20930],{"class":71},[61,103635,52609],{"class":67},[61,103637,6152],{"class":75},[61,103639,103640,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103641,103642],{"class":67},"    fruits",[61,103644,244],{"class":75},[61,103646,34549],{"class":112},[61,103648,109],{"class":75},[61,103650,816],{"class":190},[61,103652,22290],{"class":194},[61,103654,816],{"class":190},[61,103656,116],{"class":75},[14,103658,103659,103660,103662],{},"With ",[18,103661,102602],{},", you can simply write:",[52,103664,103666],{"className":54,"code":103665,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[18,103667,103668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103669,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103671,36047],{"class":67},[61,103673,244],{"class":75},[61,103675,102669],{"class":112},[61,103677,109],{"class":75},[61,103679,816],{"class":190},[61,103681,22290],{"class":194},[61,103683,816],{"class":190},[61,103685,116],{"class":75},[47,103687,4723,103689],{"id":103688},"when-to-use-discard",[18,103690,102602],{},[14,103692,204,103693,1193],{},[18,103694,102602],{},[26,103696,103697,103700,103703],{},[29,103698,103699],{},"Missing values are normal",[29,103701,103702],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[29,103704,103705],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103707,103708],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[47,103710,2590],{"id":2589},[14,103712,8205,103713,244],{},[18,103714,102602],{},[408,103716,8211,103718,103720],{"id":103717},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[18,103719,102602],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103722,4287],{},[52,103724,103726],{"className":54,"code":103725,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103727,103728,103748,103766,103770],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103729,103730,103732,103734,103736,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103731,68],{"class":67},[61,103733,72],{"class":71},[61,103735,717],{"class":75},[61,103737,80],{"class":79},[61,103739,83],{"class":75},[61,103741,86],{"class":79},[61,103743,83],{"class":75},[61,103745,91],{"class":79},[61,103747,730],{"class":75},[61,103749,103750,103752,103754,103756,103758,103760,103762,103764],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103751,68],{"class":67},[61,103753,72],{"class":71},[61,103755,4023],{"class":67},[61,103757,244],{"class":75},[61,103759,102669],{"class":112},[61,103761,109],{"class":75},[61,103763,1821],{"class":79},[61,103765,116],{"class":75},[61,103767,103768],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,103769,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,103771,103772,103774,103776,103778],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,103773,130],{"class":129},[61,103775,109],{"class":75},[61,103777,113],{"class":112},[61,103779,116],{"class":75},[14,103781,103782,41912,103784,8360,103786,2158,103788,244],{},[18,103783,113],{},[18,103785,3536],{},[18,103787,102602],{},[18,103789,3536],{},[14,103791,18596],{},[52,103793,103795],{"className":54,"code":103794,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103796,103797,103817,103831,103835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103798,103799,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809,103811,103813,103815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103800,68],{"class":67},[61,103802,72],{"class":71},[61,103804,717],{"class":75},[61,103806,80],{"class":79},[61,103808,83],{"class":75},[61,103810,86],{"class":79},[61,103812,83],{"class":75},[61,103814,91],{"class":79},[61,103816,730],{"class":75},[61,103818,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103820,113],{"class":67},[61,103822,244],{"class":75},[61,103824,102669],{"class":112},[61,103826,109],{"class":75},[61,103828,1821],{"class":79},[61,103830,116],{"class":75},[61,103832,103833],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,103834,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,103836,103837,103839,103841,103843],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,103838,130],{"class":129},[61,103840,109],{"class":75},[61,103842,113],{"class":112},[61,103844,116],{"class":75},[408,103846,36960,103848,8463,103850],{"id":103847},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[18,103849,102602],{},[18,103851,55287],{},[14,103853,103854,103855,244],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[18,103856,102602],{},[52,103858,103860],{"className":54,"code":103859,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[18,103861,103862,103894,103915],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103863,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103865,35847],{"class":67},[61,103867,72],{"class":71},[61,103869,717],{"class":75},[61,103871,816],{"class":190},[61,103873,235],{"class":194},[61,103875,816],{"class":190},[61,103877,83],{"class":75},[61,103879,522],{"class":190},[61,103881,1480],{"class":194},[61,103883,816],{"class":190},[61,103885,83],{"class":75},[61,103887,522],{"class":190},[61,103889,573],{"class":194},[61,103891,816],{"class":190},[61,103893,730],{"class":75},[61,103895,103896,103898,103900,103902,103904,103906,103908,103910,103912],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103897,35900],{"class":67},[61,103899,244],{"class":75},[61,103901,102669],{"class":112},[61,103903,109],{"class":75},[61,103905,816],{"class":190},[61,103907,21834],{"class":194},[61,103909,816],{"class":190},[61,103911,3417],{"class":75},[61,103913,103914],{"class":3420},"   # safe\n",[61,103916,103917,103919,103921,103923],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,103918,130],{"class":129},[61,103920,109],{"class":75},[61,103922,35900],{"class":112},[61,103924,116],{"class":75},[14,103926,103927,103928,45666,103931,244],{},"If you use ",[18,103929,103930],{},"remove(\"z\")",[18,103932,19443],{},[408,103934,25373,103936,103938],{"id":103935},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[18,103937,102602],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,103940,103941,101955],{},[18,103942,102602],{},[14,103944,16400],{},[52,103946,103948],{"className":54,"code":103947,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[18,103949,103950,103970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103951,103952,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966,103968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103953,7539],{"class":67},[61,103955,72],{"class":71},[61,103957,76],{"class":75},[61,103959,80],{"class":79},[61,103961,83],{"class":75},[61,103963,86],{"class":79},[61,103965,83],{"class":75},[61,103967,91],{"class":79},[61,103969,94],{"class":75},[61,103971,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980,103982],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,103973,993],{"class":67},[61,103975,244],{"class":75},[61,103977,102669],{"class":112},[61,103979,109],{"class":75},[61,103981,1821],{"class":79},[61,103983,116],{"class":75},[14,103985,103986,103987,824],{},"Use a set if you need ",[18,103988,102602],{},[52,103990,103992],{"className":54,"code":103991,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[18,103993,103994,104014,104028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103995,103996,103998,104000,104002,104004,104006,104008,104010,104012],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103997,7539],{"class":67},[61,103999,72],{"class":71},[61,104001,717],{"class":75},[61,104003,80],{"class":79},[61,104005,83],{"class":75},[61,104007,86],{"class":79},[61,104009,83],{"class":75},[61,104011,91],{"class":79},[61,104013,730],{"class":75},[61,104015,104016,104018,104020,104022,104024,104026],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104017,993],{"class":67},[61,104019,244],{"class":75},[61,104021,102669],{"class":112},[61,104023,109],{"class":75},[61,104025,1821],{"class":79},[61,104027,116],{"class":75},[61,104029,104030,104032,104034,104036],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,104031,130],{"class":129},[61,104033,109],{"class":75},[61,104035,993],{"class":112},[61,104037,116],{"class":75},[408,104039,104041],{"id":104040},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104043,104044],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104046,1245],{},[52,104048,104050],{"className":54,"code":104049,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[18,104051,104052,104072],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104053,104054,104056,104058,104060,104062,104064,104066,104068,104070],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104055,1459],{"class":67},[61,104057,72],{"class":71},[61,104059,717],{"class":75},[61,104061,80],{"class":79},[61,104063,83],{"class":75},[61,104065,86],{"class":79},[61,104067,83],{"class":75},[61,104069,91],{"class":79},[61,104071,730],{"class":75},[61,104073,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082,104084],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104075,1501],{"class":67},[61,104077,244],{"class":75},[61,104079,102669],{"class":112},[61,104081,1126],{"class":75},[61,104083,1821],{"class":79},[61,104085,1137],{"class":75},[14,104087,104088],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[47,104090,8631],{"id":8630},[14,104092,8634,104093,104095],{},[18,104094,102602],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[52,104097,104099],{"className":54,"code":104098,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[18,104100,104101,104111,104125,104139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104102,104103,104105,104107,104109],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104104,130],{"class":129},[61,104106,109],{"class":75},[61,104108,15422],{"class":112},[61,104110,116],{"class":75},[61,104112,104113,104115,104117,104119,104121,104123],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104114,130],{"class":129},[61,104116,109],{"class":75},[61,104118,147],{"class":105},[61,104120,109],{"class":75},[61,104122,15422],{"class":112},[61,104124,154],{"class":75},[61,104126,104127,104129,104131,104133,104135,104137],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,104128,130],{"class":129},[61,104130,109],{"class":75},[61,104132,1580],{"class":112},[61,104134,3641],{"class":3634},[61,104136,96672],{"class":112},[61,104138,116],{"class":75},[61,104140,104141,104143,104145,104147,104149,104151],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,104142,31908],{"class":129},[61,104144,109],{"class":75},[61,104146,6046],{"class":105},[61,104148,244],{"class":75},[61,104150,102669],{"class":24507},[61,104152,116],{"class":75},[14,104154,10923],{},[26,104156,104157,104160,104163,104166],{},[29,104158,104159],{},"What is currently in the set",[29,104161,104162],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[29,104164,104165],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[29,104167,104168],{},"How Python documents the method",[47,104170,1620],{"id":1619},[408,104172,104174],{"id":104173},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104176,104177,104178,104180],{},"Nothing happens. ",[18,104179,102602],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[408,104182,4905,104184,12471],{"id":104183},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[18,104185,102607],{},[14,104187,4911,104188,104190],{},[18,104189,3536],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[408,104192,4943,104194,4154,104196,2251],{"id":104193},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[18,104195,102602],{},[18,104197,55287],{},[14,104199,104200,104201,26294,104203,104205,104206,104208],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[18,104202,55287],{},[18,104204,19443],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[18,104207,102602],{}," does not.",[408,104210,28085,104212,104214],{"id":104211},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[18,104213,102602],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104216,46123,104217,104219],{},[18,104218,102602],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[47,104221,1664],{"id":1663},[26,104223,104224,104230,104236,104241,104245],{},[29,104225,104226],{},[235,104227,96562,104228,10492],{"href":97957},[18,104229,55287],{},[29,104231,104232],{},[235,104233,96562,104234,10492],{"href":97962},[18,104235,12518],{},[29,104237,104238],{},[235,104239,104240],{"href":97631},"Python set: creating a set",[29,104242,104243],{},[235,104244,100097],{"href":98539},[29,104246,104247],{},[235,104248,11015],{"href":10826},[1693,104250,104251],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":104253},[104254,104255,104257,104260,104265,104266,104267,104268,104270,104279,104280,104289],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":102779,"depth":97,"text":104256},"What set.discard() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248,"children":104258},[104259],{"id":102852,"depth":119,"text":102853},{"id":102932,"depth":97,"text":104261,"children":104262},"What makes discard() different",[104263],{"id":102971,"depth":119,"text":104264},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103124,"depth":97,"text":103125},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":103495,"depth":97,"text":103496},{"id":103688,"depth":97,"text":104269},"When to use discard()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":104271},[104272,104274,104276,104278],{"id":103717,"depth":119,"text":104273},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103847,"depth":119,"text":104275},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103935,"depth":119,"text":104277},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104040,"depth":119,"text":104041},{"id":8630,"depth":97,"text":8631},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":104281},[104282,104283,104285,104287],{"id":104173,"depth":119,"text":104174},{"id":104183,"depth":119,"text":104284},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104193,"depth":119,"text":104286},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104211,"depth":119,"text":104288},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102594,"description":104290},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104297,"title":104298,"body":104299,"description":106304,"extension":1727,"meta":106305,"navigation":122,"path":106306,"seo":106307,"stem":106308,"__hash__":106309},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104300,"toc":106262},[104301,104304,104312,104317,104328,104330,104385,104389,104409,104414,104418,104423,104425,104439,104441,104516,104518,104551,104556,104561,104563,104565,104580,104583,104591,104596,104611,104613,104702,104704,104793,104798,104802,104804,104842,104844,104868,104871,104886,104888,104943,104945,104978,104980,104985,104989,104993,104998,105063,105065,105085,105091,105095,105152,105154,105175,105179,105184,105229,105231,105264,105267,105271,105304,105306,105335,105339,105343,105346,105348,105367,105369,105415,105420,105434,105436,105467,105472,105475,105519,105521,105549,105553,105557,105573,105576,105641,105643,105655,105658,105662,105665,105670,105698,105700,105718,105724,105763,105765,105783,105789,105818,105820,105838,105841,105858,105860,105865,105869,105872,105898,105905,105910,105925,105934,105938,105941,105972,105978,105981,105990,105993,105995,105997,106055,106058,106083,106085,106089,106092,106096,106104,106108,106111,106115,106118,106120,106143,106145,106186,106193,106201,106204,106235,106237,106259],[10,104302,104298],{"id":104303},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104305,16,104306,104308,104309,244],{},[18,104307,3555],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[603,104310,104311],{},"unique values only",[14,104313,35161,104314,104316],{},[18,104315,3555],{}," to:",[26,104318,104319,104322,104325],{},[29,104320,104321],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[29,104323,104324],{},"check whether a value exists",[29,104326,104327],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[47,104329,50],{"id":49},[52,104331,104333],{"className":54,"code":104332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[18,104334,104335,104359,104374],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104336,104337,104339,104341,104343,104345,104347,104349,104351,104353,104355,104357],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104338,68],{"class":67},[61,104340,72],{"class":71},[61,104342,76],{"class":75},[61,104344,80],{"class":79},[61,104346,83],{"class":75},[61,104348,86],{"class":79},[61,104350,83],{"class":75},[61,104352,86],{"class":79},[61,104354,83],{"class":75},[61,104356,91],{"class":79},[61,104358,94],{"class":75},[61,104360,104361,104364,104366,104368,104370,104372],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104362,104363],{"class":67},"unique_numbers ",[61,104365,72],{"class":71},[61,104367,15389],{"class":105},[61,104369,109],{"class":75},[61,104371,113],{"class":112},[61,104373,116],{"class":75},[61,104375,104376,104378,104380,104383],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,104377,130],{"class":129},[61,104379,109],{"class":75},[61,104381,104382],{"class":112},"unique_numbers",[61,104384,116],{"class":75},[14,104386,104387],{},[603,104388,157],{},[52,104390,104391],{"className":54,"code":96355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,104392,104393],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104394,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405,104407],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104396,9033],{"class":75},[61,104398,80],{"class":79},[61,104400,83],{"class":75},[61,104402,86],{"class":79},[61,104404,83],{"class":75},[61,104406,91],{"class":79},[61,104408,730],{"class":75},[14,104410,204,104411,104413],{},[18,104412,3555],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[47,104415,104417],{"id":104416},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104419,104420,104422],{},[18,104421,3555],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104424,30295],{},[26,104426,104427,104430,104433,104436],{},[29,104428,104429],{},"A set stores unique items only",[29,104431,104432],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[29,104434,104435],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[29,104437,104438],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104440,1109],{},[52,104442,104444],{"className":54,"code":104443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[18,104445,104446,104486,104501,104505],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104447,104448,104450,104452,104454,104456,104458,104460,104462,104464,104466,104468,104470,104472,104474,104476,104478,104480,104482,104484],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104449,12831],{"class":67},[61,104451,72],{"class":71},[61,104453,76],{"class":75},[61,104455,816],{"class":190},[61,104457,12848],{"class":194},[61,104459,816],{"class":190},[61,104461,83],{"class":75},[61,104463,522],{"class":190},[61,104465,12865],{"class":194},[61,104467,816],{"class":190},[61,104469,83],{"class":75},[61,104471,522],{"class":190},[61,104473,12848],{"class":194},[61,104475,816],{"class":190},[61,104477,83],{"class":75},[61,104479,522],{"class":190},[61,104481,17212],{"class":194},[61,104483,816],{"class":190},[61,104485,94],{"class":75},[61,104487,104488,104491,104493,104495,104497,104499],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104489,104490],{"class":67},"unique_colors ",[61,104492,72],{"class":71},[61,104494,15389],{"class":105},[61,104496,109],{"class":75},[61,104498,17259],{"class":112},[61,104500,116],{"class":75},[61,104502,104503],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,104504,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,104506,104507,104509,104511,104514],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,104508,130],{"class":129},[61,104510,109],{"class":75},[61,104512,104513],{"class":112},"unique_colors",[61,104515,116],{"class":75},[14,104517,879],{},[52,104519,104521],{"className":54,"code":104520,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[18,104522,104523],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104524,104525,104527,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537,104539,104541,104543,104545,104547,104549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104526,9033],{"class":75},[61,104528,198],{"class":190},[61,104530,12865],{"class":194},[61,104532,198],{"class":190},[61,104534,83],{"class":75},[61,104536,191],{"class":190},[61,104538,17212],{"class":194},[61,104540,198],{"class":190},[61,104542,83],{"class":75},[61,104544,191],{"class":190},[61,104546,12848],{"class":194},[61,104548,198],{"class":190},[61,104550,730],{"class":75},[14,104552,2047,104553,104555],{},[18,104554,65138],{}," appears only once.",[14,104557,104558,104559,244],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[235,104560,96076],{"href":96075},[47,104562,248],{"id":247},[14,104564,1922],{},[52,104566,104568],{"className":54,"code":104567,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set(iterable)\n",[18,104569,104570],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104571,104572,104574,104576,104578],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104573,6046],{"class":105},[61,104575,109],{"class":75},[61,104577,272],{"class":112},[61,104579,116],{"class":75},[14,104581,104582],{},"The argument is optional.",[26,104584,104585,104588],{},[29,104586,104587],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[29,104589,104590],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104592,104593,104594,824],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[18,104595,3555],{},[26,104597,104598,104600,104602,104604,104608],{},[29,104599,7852],{},[29,104601,195],{},[29,104603,60928],{},[29,104605,104606],{},[18,104607,618],{},[29,104609,104610],{},"another set",[14,104612,1889],{},[52,104614,104616],{"className":54,"code":104615,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[18,104617,104618,104644,104666,104684],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104619,104620,104622,104624,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638,104640,104642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104621,130],{"class":129},[61,104623,109],{"class":75},[61,104625,6046],{"class":105},[61,104627,1126],{"class":75},[61,104629,80],{"class":79},[61,104631,83],{"class":75},[61,104633,86],{"class":79},[61,104635,83],{"class":75},[61,104637,86],{"class":79},[61,104639,83],{"class":75},[61,104641,91],{"class":79},[61,104643,2758],{"class":75},[61,104645,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662,104664],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104647,130],{"class":129},[61,104649,109],{"class":75},[61,104651,6046],{"class":105},[61,104653,1028],{"class":75},[61,104655,430],{"class":79},[61,104657,83],{"class":75},[61,104659,435],{"class":79},[61,104661,83],{"class":75},[61,104663,5763],{"class":79},[61,104665,2672],{"class":75},[61,104667,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680,104682],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,104669,130],{"class":129},[61,104671,109],{"class":75},[61,104673,6046],{"class":105},[61,104675,109],{"class":75},[61,104677,816],{"class":190},[61,104679,1323],{"class":194},[61,104681,816],{"class":190},[61,104683,154],{"class":75},[61,104685,104686,104688,104690,104692,104694,104696,104698,104700],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,104687,130],{"class":129},[61,104689,109],{"class":75},[61,104691,6046],{"class":105},[61,104693,109],{"class":75},[61,104695,640],{"class":129},[61,104697,109],{"class":75},[61,104699,1129],{"class":79},[61,104701,2672],{"class":75},[14,104703,879],{},[52,104705,104707],{"className":54,"code":104706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[18,104708,104709,104725,104737,104773],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104710,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104712,9033],{"class":75},[61,104714,80],{"class":79},[61,104716,83],{"class":75},[61,104718,86],{"class":79},[61,104720,83],{"class":75},[61,104722,91],{"class":79},[61,104724,730],{"class":75},[61,104726,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104728,9033],{"class":75},[61,104730,430],{"class":79},[61,104732,83],{"class":75},[61,104734,435],{"class":79},[61,104736,730],{"class":75},[61,104738,104739,104741,104743,104745,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765,104767,104769,104771],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,104740,9033],{"class":75},[61,104742,198],{"class":190},[61,104744,1344],{"class":194},[61,104746,198],{"class":190},[61,104748,83],{"class":75},[61,104750,191],{"class":190},[61,104752,1353],{"class":194},[61,104754,198],{"class":190},[61,104756,83],{"class":75},[61,104758,191],{"class":190},[61,104760,1362],{"class":194},[61,104762,198],{"class":190},[61,104764,83],{"class":75},[61,104766,191],{"class":190},[61,104768,1379],{"class":194},[61,104770,198],{"class":190},[61,104772,730],{"class":75},[61,104774,104775,104777,104779,104781,104783,104785,104787,104789,104791],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,104776,9033],{"class":75},[61,104778,675],{"class":79},[61,104780,83],{"class":75},[61,104782,680],{"class":79},[61,104784,83],{"class":75},[61,104786,86],{"class":79},[61,104788,83],{"class":75},[61,104790,91],{"class":79},[61,104792,730],{"class":75},[14,104794,104795,104796,244],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[235,104797,500],{"href":64593},[47,104799,104801],{"id":104800},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,104803,98028],{},[52,104805,104806],{"className":54,"code":98993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,104807,104808,104818,104828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104809,104810,104812,104814,104816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104811,98038],{"class":67},[61,104813,72],{"class":71},[61,104815,15389],{"class":105},[61,104817,263],{"class":75},[61,104819,104820,104822,104824,104826],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104821,130],{"class":129},[61,104823,109],{"class":75},[61,104825,98057],{"class":112},[61,104827,116],{"class":75},[61,104829,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838,104840],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,104831,130],{"class":129},[61,104833,109],{"class":75},[61,104835,147],{"class":105},[61,104837,109],{"class":75},[61,104839,98057],{"class":112},[61,104841,154],{"class":75},[14,104843,157],{},[52,104845,104846],{"className":54,"code":99036,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,104847,104848,104854],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104849,104850,104852],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104851,6046],{"class":105},[61,104853,263],{"class":75},[61,104855,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104857,183],{"class":71},[61,104859,187],{"class":186},[61,104861,191],{"class":190},[61,104863,6046],{"class":194},[61,104865,198],{"class":190},[61,104867,201],{"class":71},[14,104869,104870],{},"This is important because:",[26,104872,104873,104878],{},[29,104874,104875,104877],{},[18,104876,3555],{}," creates an empty set",[29,104879,104880,104882,104883,104885],{},[18,104881,3550],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[603,104884,605],{}," a set",[14,104887,1109],{},[52,104889,104891],{"className":54,"code":104890,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[18,104892,104893,104903,104911,104915,104929],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104894,104895,104897,104899,104901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104896,2313],{"class":67},[61,104898,72],{"class":71},[61,104900,15389],{"class":105},[61,104902,263],{"class":75},[61,104904,104905,104907,104909],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104906,2341],{"class":67},[61,104908,72],{"class":71},[61,104910,9590],{"class":75},[61,104912,104913],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,104914,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,104916,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,104918,130],{"class":129},[61,104920,109],{"class":75},[61,104922,147],{"class":105},[61,104924,109],{"class":75},[61,104926,235],{"class":112},[61,104928,154],{"class":75},[61,104930,104931,104933,104935,104937,104939,104941],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,104932,130],{"class":129},[61,104934,109],{"class":75},[61,104936,147],{"class":105},[61,104938,109],{"class":75},[61,104940,1480],{"class":112},[61,104942,154],{"class":75},[14,104944,157],{},[52,104946,104948],{"className":54,"code":104947,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,104949,104950,104964],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104951,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104953,183],{"class":71},[61,104955,187],{"class":186},[61,104957,191],{"class":190},[61,104959,6046],{"class":194},[61,104961,198],{"class":190},[61,104963,201],{"class":71},[61,104965,104966,104968,104970,104972,104974,104976],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,104967,183],{"class":71},[61,104969,187],{"class":186},[61,104971,191],{"class":190},[61,104973,8580],{"class":194},[61,104975,198],{"class":190},[61,104977,201],{"class":71},[14,104979,13804],{},[14,104981,104982,104983,244],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[235,104984,104240],{"href":96079},[47,104986,104988],{"id":104987},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[408,104990,104992],{"id":104991},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,104994,104995,104996,244],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[18,104997,3555],{},[52,104999,105001],{"className":54,"code":105000,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105002,105003,105035,105049,105053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105004,105005,105007,105009,105011,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105006,68],{"class":67},[61,105008,72],{"class":71},[61,105010,76],{"class":75},[61,105012,80],{"class":79},[61,105014,83],{"class":75},[61,105016,86],{"class":79},[61,105018,83],{"class":75},[61,105020,86],{"class":79},[61,105022,83],{"class":75},[61,105024,91],{"class":79},[61,105026,83],{"class":75},[61,105028,91],{"class":79},[61,105030,83],{"class":75},[61,105032,91],{"class":79},[61,105034,94],{"class":75},[61,105036,105037,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105038,100],{"class":67},[61,105040,72],{"class":71},[61,105042,15389],{"class":105},[61,105044,109],{"class":75},[61,105046,113],{"class":112},[61,105048,116],{"class":75},[61,105050,105051],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,105052,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,105054,105055,105057,105059,105061],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,105056,130],{"class":129},[61,105058,109],{"class":75},[61,105060,135],{"class":112},[61,105062,116],{"class":75},[14,105064,157],{},[52,105066,105067],{"className":54,"code":96355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,105068,105069],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105070,105071,105073,105075,105077,105079,105081,105083],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105072,9033],{"class":75},[61,105074,80],{"class":79},[61,105076,83],{"class":75},[61,105078,86],{"class":79},[61,105080,83],{"class":75},[61,105082,91],{"class":79},[61,105084,730],{"class":75},[14,105086,105087,105088,244],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[235,105089,98826],{"href":105090},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[408,105092,105094],{"id":105093},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[52,105096,105098],{"className":54,"code":105097,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105099,105100,105124,105138,105142],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105101,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114,105116,105118,105120,105122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105103,712],{"class":67},[61,105105,72],{"class":71},[61,105107,1048],{"class":75},[61,105109,645],{"class":79},[61,105111,83],{"class":75},[61,105113,4367],{"class":79},[61,105115,83],{"class":75},[61,105117,5763],{"class":79},[61,105119,83],{"class":75},[61,105121,37693],{"class":79},[61,105123,116],{"class":75},[61,105125,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105127,100],{"class":67},[61,105129,72],{"class":71},[61,105131,15389],{"class":105},[61,105133,109],{"class":75},[61,105135,743],{"class":112},[61,105137,116],{"class":75},[61,105139,105140],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,105141,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,105143,105144,105146,105148,105150],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,105145,130],{"class":129},[61,105147,109],{"class":75},[61,105149,135],{"class":112},[61,105151,116],{"class":75},[14,105153,157],{},[52,105155,105157],{"className":54,"code":105156,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[18,105158,105159],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105160,105161,105163,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105162,9033],{"class":75},[61,105164,645],{"class":79},[61,105166,83],{"class":75},[61,105168,5763],{"class":79},[61,105170,83],{"class":75},[61,105172,37693],{"class":79},[61,105174,730],{"class":75},[408,105176,105178],{"id":105177},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105180,50885,105181,105183],{},[18,105182,3555],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[52,105185,105187],{"className":54,"code":105186,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105188,105189,105201,105215,105219],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105190,105191,105193,105195,105197,105199],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105192,517],{"class":67},[61,105194,72],{"class":71},[61,105196,522],{"class":190},[61,105198,3847],{"class":194},[61,105200,528],{"class":190},[61,105202,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211,105213],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105204,100],{"class":67},[61,105206,72],{"class":71},[61,105208,15389],{"class":105},[61,105210,109],{"class":75},[61,105212,541],{"class":112},[61,105214,116],{"class":75},[61,105216,105217],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,105218,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,105220,105221,105223,105225,105227],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,105222,130],{"class":129},[61,105224,109],{"class":75},[61,105226,135],{"class":112},[61,105228,116],{"class":75},[14,105230,879],{},[52,105232,105234],{"className":54,"code":105233,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[18,105235,105236],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105237,105238,105240,105242,105244,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105239,9033],{"class":75},[61,105241,198],{"class":190},[61,105243,1480],{"class":194},[61,105245,198],{"class":190},[61,105247,83],{"class":75},[61,105249,191],{"class":190},[61,105251,235],{"class":194},[61,105253,198],{"class":190},[61,105255,83],{"class":75},[61,105257,191],{"class":190},[61,105259,75776],{"class":194},[61,105261,198],{"class":190},[61,105263,730],{"class":75},[14,105265,105266],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[408,105268,105270],{"id":105269},"from-range","From range()",[52,105272,105274],{"className":54,"code":105273,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[18,105275,105276,105294],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105277,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286,105288,105290,105292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105279,100],{"class":67},[61,105281,72],{"class":71},[61,105283,15389],{"class":105},[61,105285,109],{"class":75},[61,105287,640],{"class":129},[61,105289,109],{"class":75},[61,105291,645],{"class":79},[61,105293,154],{"class":75},[61,105295,105296,105298,105300,105302],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105297,130],{"class":129},[61,105299,109],{"class":75},[61,105301,135],{"class":112},[61,105303,116],{"class":75},[14,105305,157],{},[52,105307,105309],{"className":54,"code":105308,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,105310,105311],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105312,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327,105329,105331,105333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105314,9033],{"class":75},[61,105316,675],{"class":79},[61,105318,83],{"class":75},[61,105320,680],{"class":79},[61,105322,83],{"class":75},[61,105324,86],{"class":79},[61,105326,83],{"class":75},[61,105328,91],{"class":79},[61,105330,83],{"class":75},[61,105332,693],{"class":79},[61,105334,730],{"class":75},[47,105336,105338],{"id":105337},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105340,99273,105341,244],{},[603,105342,96119],{},[14,105344,105345],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105347,99279],{},[26,105349,105350,105354,105358,105362],{},[29,105351,105352],{},[18,105353,1279],{},[29,105355,105356],{},[18,105357,3199],{},[29,105359,105360],{},[18,105361,1954],{},[29,105363,105364,105366],{},[18,105365,195],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105368,1109],{},[52,105370,105372],{"className":54,"code":105371,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[18,105373,105374,105405],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105375,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105377,7539],{"class":67},[61,105379,72],{"class":71},[61,105381,717],{"class":75},[61,105383,80],{"class":79},[61,105385,83],{"class":75},[61,105387,522],{"class":190},[61,105389,1323],{"class":194},[61,105391,816],{"class":190},[61,105393,83],{"class":75},[61,105395,1048],{"class":75},[61,105397,430],{"class":79},[61,105399,83],{"class":75},[61,105401,435],{"class":79},[61,105403,105404],{"class":75},")}\n",[61,105406,105407,105409,105411,105413],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105408,130],{"class":129},[61,105410,109],{"class":75},[61,105412,993],{"class":112},[61,105414,116],{"class":75},[14,105416,99341,105417,105419],{},[603,105418,605],{}," work inside a set:",[26,105421,105422,105426,105430],{},[29,105423,105424],{},[18,105425,7852],{},[29,105427,105428],{},[18,105429,8580],{},[29,105431,105432],{},[18,105433,6046],{},[14,105435,96844],{},[52,105437,105439],{"className":54,"code":105438,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,105440,105441],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105442,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105444,99360],{"class":67},[61,105446,72],{"class":71},[61,105448,99365],{"class":75},[61,105450,80],{"class":79},[61,105452,83],{"class":75},[61,105454,86],{"class":79},[61,105456,17819],{"class":75},[61,105458,76],{"class":75},[61,105460,1827],{"class":79},[61,105462,83],{"class":75},[61,105464,693],{"class":79},[61,105466,13461],{"class":75},[14,105468,76604,105469,105471],{},[18,105470,1272],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105473,105474],{},"A safer example:",[52,105476,105478],{"className":54,"code":105477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[18,105479,105480,105508],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105481,105482,105485,105487,105490,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105483,105484],{"class":67},"good_set ",[61,105486,72],{"class":71},[61,105488,105489],{"class":75}," {(",[61,105491,80],{"class":79},[61,105493,83],{"class":75},[61,105495,86],{"class":79},[61,105497,1045],{"class":75},[61,105499,1048],{"class":75},[61,105501,1827],{"class":79},[61,105503,83],{"class":75},[61,105505,693],{"class":79},[61,105507,105404],{"class":75},[61,105509,105510,105512,105514,105517],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105511,130],{"class":129},[61,105513,109],{"class":75},[61,105515,105516],{"class":112},"good_set",[61,105518,116],{"class":75},[14,105520,157],{},[52,105522,105524],{"className":54,"code":105523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[18,105525,105526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105527,105528,105531,105533,105535,105537,105539,105541,105543,105545,105547],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105529,105530],{"class":75},"{(",[61,105532,80],{"class":79},[61,105534,83],{"class":75},[61,105536,86],{"class":79},[61,105538,1045],{"class":75},[61,105540,1048],{"class":75},[61,105542,1827],{"class":79},[61,105544,83],{"class":75},[61,105546,693],{"class":79},[61,105548,105404],{"class":75},[47,105550,105552],{"id":105551},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105554,204,105555,1193],{},[18,105556,3555],{},[26,105558,105559,105562,105567,105570],{},[29,105560,105561],{},"you need unique values only",[29,105563,105564,105565],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[18,105566,3641],{},[29,105568,105569],{},"order does not matter",[29,105571,105572],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105574,105575],{},"Example of membership checking:",[52,105577,105579],{"className":54,"code":105578,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[18,105580,105581,105606,105610,105626],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105582,105583,105586,105588,105590,105592,105594,105596,105599,105601,105604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105584,105585],{"class":67},"allowed_ids ",[61,105587,72],{"class":71},[61,105589,15389],{"class":105},[61,105591,1126],{"class":75},[61,105593,46350],{"class":79},[61,105595,83],{"class":75},[61,105597,105598],{"class":79}," 102",[61,105600,83],{"class":75},[61,105602,105603],{"class":79}," 103",[61,105605,1137],{"class":75},[61,105607,105608],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105609,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,105611,105612,105614,105616,105619,105621,105624],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,105613,130],{"class":129},[61,105615,109],{"class":75},[61,105617,105618],{"class":79},"102",[61,105620,20930],{"class":3634},[61,105622,105623],{"class":112}," allowed_ids",[61,105625,116],{"class":75},[61,105627,105628,105630,105632,105635,105637,105639],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,105629,130],{"class":129},[61,105631,109],{"class":75},[61,105633,105634],{"class":79},"999",[61,105636,20930],{"class":3634},[61,105638,105623],{"class":112},[61,105640,116],{"class":75},[14,105642,157],{},[52,105644,105645],{"className":54,"code":43932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,105646,105647,105651],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105648,105649],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105650,3738],{"class":3609},[61,105652,105653],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105654,3799],{"class":3609},[14,105656,105657],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[47,105659,105661],{"id":105660},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105663,105664],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[408,105666,204,105668,97970],{"id":105667},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[18,105669,3555],{},[52,105671,105672],{"className":54,"code":98031,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,105673,105674,105684],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105675,105676,105678,105680,105682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105677,98038],{"class":67},[61,105679,72],{"class":71},[61,105681,15389],{"class":105},[61,105683,263],{"class":75},[61,105685,105686,105688,105690,105692,105694,105696],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105687,130],{"class":129},[61,105689,109],{"class":75},[61,105691,147],{"class":105},[61,105693,109],{"class":75},[61,105695,98057],{"class":112},[61,105697,154],{"class":75},[14,105699,157],{},[52,105701,105702],{"className":54,"code":8611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,105703,105704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105705,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714,105716],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105707,183],{"class":71},[61,105709,187],{"class":186},[61,105711,191],{"class":190},[61,105713,6046],{"class":194},[61,105715,198],{"class":190},[61,105717,201],{"class":71},[408,105719,204,105721,105723],{"id":105720},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[18,105722,100030],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[52,105725,105727],{"className":54,"code":105726,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[18,105728,105729,105749],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105730,105731,105733,105735,105737,105739,105741,105743,105745,105747],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105732,68],{"class":67},[61,105734,72],{"class":71},[61,105736,717],{"class":75},[61,105738,80],{"class":79},[61,105740,83],{"class":75},[61,105742,86],{"class":79},[61,105744,83],{"class":75},[61,105746,91],{"class":79},[61,105748,730],{"class":75},[61,105750,105751,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105752,130],{"class":129},[61,105754,109],{"class":75},[61,105756,147],{"class":105},[61,105758,109],{"class":75},[61,105760,113],{"class":112},[61,105762,154],{"class":75},[14,105764,157],{},[52,105766,105767],{"className":54,"code":8611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,105768,105769],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105770,105771,105773,105775,105777,105779,105781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105772,183],{"class":71},[61,105774,187],{"class":186},[61,105776,191],{"class":190},[61,105778,6046],{"class":194},[61,105780,198],{"class":190},[61,105782,201],{"class":71},[408,105784,204,105786,105788],{"id":105785},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[18,105787,3550],{}," for an empty dictionary",[52,105790,105792],{"className":54,"code":105791,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[18,105793,105794,105803],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105795,105796,105799,105801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105797,105798],{"class":67},"empty_dict ",[61,105800,72],{"class":71},[61,105802,9590],{"class":75},[61,105804,105805,105807,105809,105811,105813,105816],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105806,130],{"class":129},[61,105808,109],{"class":75},[61,105810,147],{"class":105},[61,105812,109],{"class":75},[61,105814,105815],{"class":112},"empty_dict",[61,105817,154],{"class":75},[14,105819,157],{},[52,105821,105822],{"className":54,"code":8567,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,105823,105824],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105825,105826,105828,105830,105832,105834,105836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105827,183],{"class":71},[61,105829,187],{"class":186},[61,105831,191],{"class":190},[61,105833,8580],{"class":194},[61,105835,198],{"class":190},[61,105837,201],{"class":71},[14,105839,105840],{},"So the rule is simple:",[26,105842,105843,105848,105853],{},[29,105844,105845,105847],{},[18,105846,3555],{}," → empty set",[29,105849,105850,105852],{},[18,105851,100030],{}," → non-empty set",[29,105854,105855,105857],{},[18,105856,3550],{}," → empty dictionary",[47,105859,2590],{"id":2589},[14,105861,105862,105863,244],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[18,105864,3555],{},[408,105866,8175,105867,99628],{"id":99625},[18,105868,3550],{},[14,105870,105871],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[52,105873,105874],{"className":54,"code":99634,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,105875,105876,105884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105877,105878,105880,105882],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105879,1580],{"class":67},[61,105881,72],{"class":71},[61,105883,9590],{"class":75},[61,105885,105886,105888,105890,105892,105894,105896],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,105887,130],{"class":129},[61,105889,109],{"class":75},[61,105891,147],{"class":105},[61,105893,109],{"class":75},[61,105895,1605],{"class":112},[61,105897,154],{"class":75},[408,105899,105901,105902],{"id":105900},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[18,105903,105904],{},"set(5)",[14,105906,105907,105909],{},[18,105908,3555],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[52,105911,105913],{"className":54,"code":105912,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set(5)\n",[18,105914,105915],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105916,105917,105919,105921,105923],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105918,6046],{"class":105},[61,105920,109],{"class":75},[61,105922,645],{"class":79},[61,105924,116],{"class":75},[14,105926,2761,105927,105929,105930,244],{},[18,105928,1272],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[235,105931,105933],{"href":105932},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[408,105935,105937],{"id":105936},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,105939,105940],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[52,105942,105944],{"className":54,"code":105943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,105945,105946],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,105947,105948,105950,105952,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964,105966,105968,105970],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,105949,1580],{"class":67},[61,105951,72],{"class":71},[61,105953,99365],{"class":75},[61,105955,80],{"class":79},[61,105957,83],{"class":75},[61,105959,86],{"class":79},[61,105961,17819],{"class":75},[61,105963,76],{"class":75},[61,105965,1827],{"class":79},[61,105967,83],{"class":75},[61,105969,693],{"class":79},[61,105971,13461],{"class":75},[408,105973,8211,105975,105977],{"id":105974},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[18,105976,3555],{}," to keep the original order",[14,105979,105980],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[408,105982,36960,105984,8463,105986,2638,105988],{"id":105983},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[18,105985,3555],{},[18,105987,24538],{},[18,105989,8879],{},[14,105991,105992],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[47,105994,60464],{"id":60463},[14,105996,10865],{},[52,105998,106000],{"className":54,"code":105999,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[18,106001,106002,106017,106027,106041],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106003,106004,106006,106008,106010,106012,106015],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106005,130],{"class":129},[61,106007,109],{"class":75},[61,106009,147],{"class":105},[61,106011,109],{"class":75},[61,106013,106014],{"class":112},"my_value",[61,106016,154],{"class":75},[61,106018,106019,106021,106023,106025],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106020,130],{"class":129},[61,106022,109],{"class":75},[61,106024,106014],{"class":112},[61,106026,116],{"class":75},[61,106028,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,106030,130],{"class":129},[61,106032,109],{"class":75},[61,106034,7852],{"class":105},[61,106036,109],{"class":75},[61,106038,15422],{"class":112},[61,106040,154],{"class":75},[61,106042,106043,106045,106047,106049,106051,106053],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,106044,130],{"class":129},[61,106046,109],{"class":75},[61,106048,10914],{"class":129},[61,106050,109],{"class":75},[61,106052,15422],{"class":112},[61,106054,154],{"class":75},[14,106056,106057],{},"What they help you see:",[26,106059,106060,106066,106071,106077],{},[29,106061,106062,106065],{},[18,106063,106064],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[29,106067,106068,90294],{},[18,106069,106070],{},"print(my_value)",[29,106072,106073,106076],{},[18,106074,106075],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[29,106078,106079,106082],{},[18,106080,106081],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[47,106084,1620],{"id":1619},[408,106086,106088],{"id":106087},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106090,106091],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[408,106093,106095],{"id":106094},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106097,204,106098,106100,106101,106103],{},[18,106099,3555],{},". Do not use ",[18,106102,3550],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[408,106105,106107],{"id":106106},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106109,106110],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[408,106112,106114],{"id":106113},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106116,106117],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106119,1109],{},[52,106121,106123],{"className":54,"code":106122,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[18,106124,106125],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106126,106127,106129,106131,106133,106135,106137,106139,106141],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106128,130],{"class":129},[61,106130,109],{"class":75},[61,106132,6046],{"class":105},[61,106134,109],{"class":75},[61,106136,816],{"class":190},[61,106138,3838],{"class":194},[61,106140,816],{"class":190},[61,106142,154],{"class":75},[14,106144,879],{},[52,106146,106148],{"className":54,"code":106147,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[18,106149,106150],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106151,106152,106154,106156,106158,106160,106162,106164,106166,106168,106170,106172,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106153,9033],{"class":75},[61,106155,198],{"class":190},[61,106157,235],{"class":194},[61,106159,198],{"class":190},[61,106161,83],{"class":75},[61,106163,191],{"class":190},[61,106165,14],{"class":194},[61,106167,198],{"class":190},[61,106169,83],{"class":75},[61,106171,191],{"class":190},[61,106173,1362],{"class":194},[61,106175,198],{"class":190},[61,106177,83],{"class":75},[61,106179,191],{"class":190},[61,106181,1353],{"class":194},[61,106183,198],{"class":190},[61,106185,730],{"class":75},[408,106187,4921,106189,106192],{"id":106188},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[18,106190,106191],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106194,106195,28442,106197,106200],{},[18,106196,3555],{},[603,106198,106199],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106202,106203],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[52,106205,106207],{"className":54,"code":106206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[18,106208,106209],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106210,106211,106213,106215,106217,106219,106221,106223,106225,106227,106229,106231,106233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106212,130],{"class":129},[61,106214,109],{"class":75},[61,106216,6046],{"class":105},[61,106218,1126],{"class":75},[61,106220,80],{"class":79},[61,106222,83],{"class":75},[61,106224,86],{"class":79},[61,106226,83],{"class":75},[61,106228,91],{"class":79},[61,106230,83],{"class":75},[61,106232,693],{"class":79},[61,106234,2758],{"class":75},[47,106236,1664],{"id":1663},[26,106238,106239,106243,106247,106251,106255],{},[29,106240,106241],{},[235,106242,96076],{"href":96075},[29,106244,106245],{},[235,106246,104240],{"href":96079},[29,106248,106249],{},[235,106250,100092],{"href":105090},[29,106252,106253],{},[235,106254,500],{"href":64593},[29,106256,106257],{},[235,106258,105933],{"href":105932},[1693,106260,106261],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":106263},[106264,106265,106266,106267,106268,106274,106275,106276,106284,106294,106295,106303],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":104416,"depth":97,"text":104417},{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":104800,"depth":97,"text":104801},{"id":104987,"depth":97,"text":104988,"children":106269},[106270,106271,106272,106273],{"id":104991,"depth":119,"text":104992},{"id":105093,"depth":119,"text":105094},{"id":105177,"depth":119,"text":105178},{"id":105269,"depth":119,"text":105270},{"id":105337,"depth":97,"text":105338},{"id":105551,"depth":97,"text":105552},{"id":105660,"depth":97,"text":105661,"children":106277},[106278,106280,106282],{"id":105667,"depth":119,"text":106279},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105720,"depth":119,"text":106281},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105785,"depth":119,"text":106283},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":106285},[106286,106287,106289,106290,106292],{"id":99625,"depth":119,"text":100133},{"id":105900,"depth":119,"text":106288},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105936,"depth":119,"text":105937},{"id":105974,"depth":119,"text":106291},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105983,"depth":119,"text":106293},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60463,"depth":97,"text":60464},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":106296},[106297,106298,106299,106300,106301],{"id":106087,"depth":119,"text":106088},{"id":106094,"depth":119,"text":106095},{"id":106106,"depth":119,"text":106107},{"id":106113,"depth":119,"text":106114},{"id":106188,"depth":119,"text":106302},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104298,"description":106304},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106311,"title":106312,"body":106313,"description":107828,"extension":1727,"meta":107829,"navigation":122,"path":107830,"seo":107831,"stem":107832,"__hash__":107833},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106314,"toc":107804},[106315,106321,106326,106329,106412,106417,106422,106427,106429,106442,106446,106448,106467,106470,106493,106496,106507,106509,106590,106592,106609,106611,106617,106620,106715,106717,106748,106750,106758,106760,106763,106874,106876,106901,106903,106925,106930,106935,106941,107050,107052,107068,107071,107074,107157,107159,107176,107184,107186,107190,107196,107287,107289,107322,107327,107334,107411,107413,107430,107436,107438,107442,107458,107461,107487,107489,107550,107552,107675,107677,107728,107734,107736,107741,107743,107749,107752,107756,107759,107763,107766,107776,107778,107801],[10,106316,3332,106318,11075],{"id":106317},"python-setintersection-method",[18,106319,106320],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106322,1744,106323,106325],{},[18,106324,106320],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106327,106328],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[52,106330,106332],{"className":54,"code":106331,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[18,106333,106334,106354,106374,106378,106397,106407],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106335,106336,106338,106340,106342,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106337,2313],{"class":67},[61,106339,72],{"class":71},[61,106341,717],{"class":75},[61,106343,80],{"class":79},[61,106345,83],{"class":75},[61,106347,86],{"class":79},[61,106349,83],{"class":75},[61,106351,91],{"class":79},[61,106353,730],{"class":75},[61,106355,106356,106358,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368,106370,106372],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106357,2341],{"class":67},[61,106359,72],{"class":71},[61,106361,717],{"class":75},[61,106363,1821],{"class":79},[61,106365,83],{"class":75},[61,106367,91],{"class":79},[61,106369,83],{"class":75},[61,106371,693],{"class":79},[61,106373,730],{"class":75},[61,106375,106376],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,106377,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,106379,106380,106382,106384,106386,106388,106391,106393,106395],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,106381,100],{"class":67},[61,106383,72],{"class":71},[61,106385,56646],{"class":67},[61,106387,244],{"class":75},[61,106389,106390],{"class":112},"intersection",[61,106392,109],{"class":75},[61,106394,1480],{"class":112},[61,106396,116],{"class":75},[61,106398,106399,106401,106403,106405],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,106400,130],{"class":129},[61,106402,109],{"class":75},[61,106404,135],{"class":112},[61,106406,116],{"class":75},[61,106408,106409],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,106410,106411],{"class":3420},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106413,204,106414,106416],{},[18,106415,102539],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[47,106418,12751,106420,12754],{"id":106419},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[18,106421,102539],{},[14,106423,106424,106426],{},[18,106425,102539],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106428,12807],{},[26,106430,106431,106434,106436,106439],{},[29,106432,106433],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[29,106435,100309],{},[29,106437,106438],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[29,106440,106441],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106443,96072,106444,244],{},[235,106445,96076],{"href":96075},[47,106447,248],{"id":247},[52,106449,106451],{"className":54,"code":106450,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[18,106452,106453],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106454,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106465],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106456,100333],{"class":67},[61,106458,244],{"class":75},[61,106460,106390],{"class":112},[61,106462,109],{"class":75},[61,106464,100342],{"class":112},[61,106466,116],{"class":75},[14,106468,106469],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[52,106471,106473],{"className":54,"code":106472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[18,106474,106475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106476,106477,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106478,100333],{"class":67},[61,106480,244],{"class":75},[61,106482,106390],{"class":112},[61,106484,109],{"class":75},[61,106486,100342],{"class":112},[61,106488,83],{"class":75},[61,106490,100369],{"class":112},[61,106492,116],{"class":75},[14,106494,106495],{},"Important notes:",[26,106497,106498,106501,106504],{},[29,106499,106500],{},"The result is always a new set",[29,106502,106503],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[29,106505,106506],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106508,1109],{},[52,106510,106512],{"className":54,"code":106511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106513,106514,106538,106558,106562,106580],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106515,106516,106518,106520,106522,106524,106526,106528,106530,106532,106534,106536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106517,2313],{"class":67},[61,106519,72],{"class":71},[61,106521,717],{"class":75},[61,106523,80],{"class":79},[61,106525,83],{"class":75},[61,106527,86],{"class":79},[61,106529,83],{"class":75},[61,106531,91],{"class":79},[61,106533,83],{"class":75},[61,106535,693],{"class":79},[61,106537,730],{"class":75},[61,106539,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106541,2341],{"class":67},[61,106543,72],{"class":71},[61,106545,717],{"class":75},[61,106547,1827],{"class":79},[61,106549,83],{"class":75},[61,106551,693],{"class":79},[61,106553,83],{"class":75},[61,106555,4367],{"class":79},[61,106557,730],{"class":75},[61,106559,106560],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,106561,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,106563,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,106565,100],{"class":67},[61,106567,72],{"class":71},[61,106569,56646],{"class":67},[61,106571,244],{"class":75},[61,106573,106390],{"class":112},[61,106575,109],{"class":75},[61,106577,1480],{"class":112},[61,106579,116],{"class":75},[61,106581,106582,106584,106586,106588],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,106583,130],{"class":129},[61,106585,109],{"class":75},[61,106587,135],{"class":112},[61,106589,116],{"class":75},[14,106591,157],{},[52,106593,106595],{"className":54,"code":106594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{3, 4}\n",[18,106596,106597],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106598,106599,106601,106603,106605,106607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106600,9033],{"class":75},[61,106602,1827],{"class":79},[61,106604,83],{"class":75},[61,106606,693],{"class":79},[61,106608,730],{"class":75},[47,106610,17175],{"id":17174},[14,106612,106613,21732,106615,244],{},[18,106614,102539],{},[603,106616,6046],{},[14,106618,106619],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[52,106621,106623],{"className":54,"code":106622,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,106624,106625,106645,106665,106669,106687,106691,106701],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106626,106627,106629,106631,106633,106635,106637,106639,106641,106643],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106628,2313],{"class":67},[61,106630,72],{"class":71},[61,106632,717],{"class":75},[61,106634,80],{"class":79},[61,106636,83],{"class":75},[61,106638,86],{"class":79},[61,106640,83],{"class":75},[61,106642,91],{"class":79},[61,106644,730],{"class":75},[61,106646,106647,106649,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106648,2341],{"class":67},[61,106650,72],{"class":71},[61,106652,717],{"class":75},[61,106654,1821],{"class":79},[61,106656,83],{"class":75},[61,106658,91],{"class":79},[61,106660,83],{"class":75},[61,106662,693],{"class":79},[61,106664,730],{"class":75},[61,106666,106667],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,106668,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,106670,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,106672,100],{"class":67},[61,106674,72],{"class":71},[61,106676,56646],{"class":67},[61,106678,244],{"class":75},[61,106680,106390],{"class":112},[61,106682,109],{"class":75},[61,106684,1480],{"class":112},[61,106686,116],{"class":75},[61,106688,106689],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,106690,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,106692,106693,106695,106697,106699],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,106694,130],{"class":129},[61,106696,109],{"class":75},[61,106698,135],{"class":112},[61,106700,116],{"class":75},[61,106702,106703,106705,106707,106709,106711,106713],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,106704,130],{"class":129},[61,106706,109],{"class":75},[61,106708,147],{"class":105},[61,106710,109],{"class":75},[61,106712,135],{"class":112},[61,106714,154],{"class":75},[14,106716,157],{},[52,106718,106720],{"className":54,"code":106719,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,106721,106722,106734],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106723,106724,106726,106728,106730,106732],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106725,9033],{"class":75},[61,106727,1821],{"class":79},[61,106729,83],{"class":75},[61,106731,91],{"class":79},[61,106733,730],{"class":75},[61,106735,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106737,183],{"class":71},[61,106739,187],{"class":186},[61,106741,191],{"class":190},[61,106743,6046],{"class":194},[61,106745,198],{"class":190},[61,106747,201],{"class":71},[14,106749,85557],{},[26,106751,106752,106755],{},[29,106753,106754],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[29,106756,106757],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[47,106759,11228],{"id":11227},[14,106761,106762],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[52,106764,106766],{"className":54,"code":106765,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[18,106767,106768,106801,106834,106838,106859,106863],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106769,106770,106773,106775,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106771,106772],{"class":67},"colors1 ",[61,106774,72],{"class":71},[61,106776,717],{"class":75},[61,106778,816],{"class":190},[61,106780,12848],{"class":194},[61,106782,816],{"class":190},[61,106784,83],{"class":75},[61,106786,522],{"class":190},[61,106788,12865],{"class":194},[61,106790,816],{"class":190},[61,106792,83],{"class":75},[61,106794,522],{"class":190},[61,106796,17212],{"class":194},[61,106798,816],{"class":190},[61,106800,730],{"class":75},[61,106802,106803,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814,106816,106818,106820,106822,106824,106826,106828,106830,106832],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106804,106805],{"class":67},"colors2 ",[61,106807,72],{"class":71},[61,106809,717],{"class":75},[61,106811,816],{"class":190},[61,106813,17212],{"class":194},[61,106815,816],{"class":190},[61,106817,83],{"class":75},[61,106819,522],{"class":190},[61,106821,22281],{"class":194},[61,106823,816],{"class":190},[61,106825,83],{"class":75},[61,106827,522],{"class":190},[61,106829,12865],{"class":194},[61,106831,816],{"class":190},[61,106833,730],{"class":75},[61,106835,106836],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,106837,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,106839,106840,106843,106845,106848,106850,106852,106854,106857],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,106841,106842],{"class":67},"common_colors ",[61,106844,72],{"class":71},[61,106846,106847],{"class":67}," colors1",[61,106849,244],{"class":75},[61,106851,106390],{"class":112},[61,106853,109],{"class":75},[61,106855,106856],{"class":112},"colors2",[61,106858,116],{"class":75},[61,106860,106861],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,106862,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,106864,106865,106867,106869,106872],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,106866,130],{"class":129},[61,106868,109],{"class":75},[61,106870,106871],{"class":112},"common_colors",[61,106873,116],{"class":75},[14,106875,157],{},[52,106877,106879],{"className":54,"code":106878,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,106880,106881],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106882,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106884,9033],{"class":75},[61,106886,198],{"class":190},[61,106888,12865],{"class":194},[61,106890,198],{"class":190},[61,106892,83],{"class":75},[61,106894,191],{"class":190},[61,106896,17212],{"class":194},[61,106898,198],{"class":190},[61,106900,730],{"class":75},[14,106902,11437],{},[26,106904,106905,106911,106915,106920],{},[29,106906,106907,106910],{},[18,106908,106909],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[29,106912,106913,106910],{},[18,106914,106856],{},[29,106916,106917,106919],{},[18,106918,102539],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[29,106921,106922,106923],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[18,106924,106871],{},[47,106926,8175,106928,100906],{"id":106927},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[18,106929,102539],{},[14,106931,106932,106933,244],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[18,106934,102539],{},[14,106936,106937,106938,106940],{},"Only the values found in ",[603,106939,3474],{}," inputs will be kept.",[52,106942,106944],{"className":54,"code":106943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106945,106946,106970,106994,107014,107018,107040],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106947,106948,106950,106952,106954,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106949,2313],{"class":67},[61,106951,72],{"class":71},[61,106953,717],{"class":75},[61,106955,80],{"class":79},[61,106957,83],{"class":75},[61,106959,86],{"class":79},[61,106961,83],{"class":75},[61,106963,91],{"class":79},[61,106965,83],{"class":75},[61,106967,693],{"class":79},[61,106969,730],{"class":75},[61,106971,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,106973,2341],{"class":67},[61,106975,72],{"class":71},[61,106977,717],{"class":75},[61,106979,1821],{"class":79},[61,106981,83],{"class":75},[61,106983,91],{"class":79},[61,106985,83],{"class":75},[61,106987,693],{"class":79},[61,106989,83],{"class":75},[61,106991,4367],{"class":79},[61,106993,730],{"class":75},[61,106995,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,106997,82931],{"class":67},[61,106999,72],{"class":71},[61,107001,717],{"class":75},[61,107003,1827],{"class":79},[61,107005,83],{"class":75},[61,107007,693],{"class":79},[61,107009,83],{"class":75},[61,107011,37400],{"class":79},[61,107013,730],{"class":75},[61,107015,107016],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,107017,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,107019,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,107021,100],{"class":67},[61,107023,72],{"class":71},[61,107025,56646],{"class":67},[61,107027,244],{"class":75},[61,107029,106390],{"class":112},[61,107031,109],{"class":75},[61,107033,1480],{"class":112},[61,107035,83],{"class":75},[61,107037,9434],{"class":112},[61,107039,116],{"class":75},[61,107041,107042,107044,107046,107048],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,107043,130],{"class":129},[61,107045,109],{"class":75},[61,107047,135],{"class":112},[61,107049,116],{"class":75},[14,107051,157],{},[52,107053,107054],{"className":54,"code":106594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,107055,107056],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107057,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107059,9033],{"class":75},[61,107061,1827],{"class":79},[61,107063,83],{"class":75},[61,107065,693],{"class":79},[61,107067,730],{"class":75},[14,107069,107070],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107072,107073],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[52,107075,107077],{"className":54,"code":107076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[18,107078,107079,107103,107107,107147],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107080,107081,107083,107085,107087,107089,107091,107093,107095,107097,107099,107101],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107082,2313],{"class":67},[61,107084,72],{"class":71},[61,107086,717],{"class":75},[61,107088,80],{"class":79},[61,107090,83],{"class":75},[61,107092,86],{"class":79},[61,107094,83],{"class":75},[61,107096,91],{"class":79},[61,107098,83],{"class":75},[61,107100,693],{"class":79},[61,107102,730],{"class":75},[61,107104,107105],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107106,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,107108,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117,107119,107121,107123,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,107110,100],{"class":67},[61,107112,72],{"class":71},[61,107114,56646],{"class":67},[61,107116,244],{"class":75},[61,107118,106390],{"class":112},[61,107120,1126],{"class":75},[61,107122,1821],{"class":79},[61,107124,83],{"class":75},[61,107126,693],{"class":79},[61,107128,83],{"class":75},[61,107130,37400],{"class":79},[61,107132,17819],{"class":75},[61,107134,1048],{"class":75},[61,107136,80],{"class":79},[61,107138,83],{"class":75},[61,107140,86],{"class":79},[61,107142,83],{"class":75},[61,107144,693],{"class":79},[61,107146,154],{"class":75},[61,107148,107149,107151,107153,107155],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,107150,130],{"class":129},[61,107152,109],{"class":75},[61,107154,135],{"class":112},[61,107156,116],{"class":75},[14,107158,157],{},[52,107160,107162],{"className":54,"code":107161,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{2, 4}\n",[18,107163,107164],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107165,107166,107168,107170,107172,107174],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107167,9033],{"class":75},[61,107169,1821],{"class":79},[61,107171,83],{"class":75},[61,107173,693],{"class":79},[61,107175,730],{"class":75},[47,107177,107179,10337,107181],{"id":107178},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[18,107180,102539],{},[18,107182,107183],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107185,101076],{},[408,107187,107188],{"id":106390},[18,107189,102539],{},[26,107191,107192,107194],{},[29,107193,101085],{},[29,107195,101088],{},[52,107197,107199],{"className":54,"code":107198,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107200,107201,107221,107241,107245,107263,107267,107277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107202,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107204,2313],{"class":67},[61,107206,72],{"class":71},[61,107208,717],{"class":75},[61,107210,80],{"class":79},[61,107212,83],{"class":75},[61,107214,86],{"class":79},[61,107216,83],{"class":75},[61,107218,91],{"class":79},[61,107220,730],{"class":75},[61,107222,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107224,2341],{"class":67},[61,107226,72],{"class":71},[61,107228,717],{"class":75},[61,107230,1821],{"class":79},[61,107232,83],{"class":75},[61,107234,91],{"class":79},[61,107236,83],{"class":75},[61,107238,693],{"class":79},[61,107240,730],{"class":75},[61,107242,107243],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,107244,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,107246,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255,107257,107259,107261],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,107248,100],{"class":67},[61,107250,72],{"class":71},[61,107252,56646],{"class":67},[61,107254,244],{"class":75},[61,107256,106390],{"class":112},[61,107258,109],{"class":75},[61,107260,1480],{"class":112},[61,107262,116],{"class":75},[61,107264,107265],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,107266,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,107268,107269,107271,107273,107275],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,107270,130],{"class":129},[61,107272,109],{"class":75},[61,107274,235],{"class":112},[61,107276,116],{"class":75},[61,107278,107279,107281,107283,107285],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,107280,130],{"class":129},[61,107282,109],{"class":75},[61,107284,135],{"class":112},[61,107286,116],{"class":75},[14,107288,157],{},[52,107290,107292],{"className":54,"code":107291,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[18,107293,107294,107310],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107295,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107297,9033],{"class":75},[61,107299,80],{"class":79},[61,107301,83],{"class":75},[61,107303,86],{"class":79},[61,107305,83],{"class":75},[61,107307,91],{"class":79},[61,107309,730],{"class":75},[61,107311,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107313,9033],{"class":75},[61,107315,1821],{"class":79},[61,107317,83],{"class":75},[61,107319,91],{"class":79},[61,107321,730],{"class":75},[408,107323,107325],{"id":107324},"intersection_update",[18,107326,107183],{},[26,107328,107329,107331],{},[29,107330,101228],{},[29,107332,107333],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[52,107335,107337],{"className":54,"code":107336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,107338,107339,107359,107379,107383,107397,107401],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107340,107341,107343,107345,107347,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107342,2313],{"class":67},[61,107344,72],{"class":71},[61,107346,717],{"class":75},[61,107348,80],{"class":79},[61,107350,83],{"class":75},[61,107352,86],{"class":79},[61,107354,83],{"class":75},[61,107356,91],{"class":79},[61,107358,730],{"class":75},[61,107360,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107362,2341],{"class":67},[61,107364,72],{"class":71},[61,107366,717],{"class":75},[61,107368,1821],{"class":79},[61,107370,83],{"class":75},[61,107372,91],{"class":79},[61,107374,83],{"class":75},[61,107376,693],{"class":79},[61,107378,730],{"class":75},[61,107380,107381],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,107382,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,107384,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,107386,235],{"class":67},[61,107388,244],{"class":75},[61,107390,107324],{"class":112},[61,107392,109],{"class":75},[61,107394,1480],{"class":112},[61,107396,116],{"class":75},[61,107398,107399],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,107400,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,107402,107403,107405,107407,107409],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,107404,130],{"class":129},[61,107406,109],{"class":75},[61,107408,235],{"class":112},[61,107410,116],{"class":75},[14,107412,157],{},[52,107414,107416],{"className":54,"code":107415,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{2, 3}\n",[18,107417,107418],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107419,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107421,9033],{"class":75},[61,107423,1821],{"class":79},[61,107425,83],{"class":75},[61,107427,91],{"class":79},[61,107429,730],{"class":75},[14,107431,107432,107433,107435],{},"Choose ",[18,107434,102539],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[47,107437,4280],{"id":4279},[14,107439,14488,107440,824],{},[18,107441,102539],{},[26,107443,107444,107447,107450,107453],{},[29,107445,107446],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[29,107448,107449],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[29,107451,107452],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[29,107454,107455,107456],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[18,107457,102539],{},[14,107459,107460],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[26,107462,107463,107468,107471,107484],{},[29,107464,8175,107465,107467],{},[18,107466,102539],{}," when order matters",[29,107469,107470],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[29,107472,36960,107473,8463,107475,2638,107480],{},[18,107474,102539],{},[235,107476,107478],{"href":107477},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[18,107479,102547],{},[235,107481,107482],{"href":102588},[18,107483,100162],{},[29,107485,107486],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107488,29890],{},[52,107490,107492],{"className":54,"code":107491,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107493,107494,107504,107518,107536],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107495,107496,107498,107500,107502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107497,130],{"class":129},[61,107499,109],{"class":75},[61,107501,15422],{"class":112},[61,107503,116],{"class":75},[61,107505,107506,107508,107510,107512,107514,107516],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107507,130],{"class":129},[61,107509,109],{"class":75},[61,107511,147],{"class":105},[61,107513,109],{"class":75},[61,107515,135],{"class":112},[61,107517,154],{"class":75},[61,107519,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,107521,130],{"class":129},[61,107523,109],{"class":75},[61,107525,100333],{"class":112},[61,107527,244],{"class":75},[61,107529,106390],{"class":112},[61,107531,109],{"class":75},[61,107533,100342],{"class":112},[61,107535,154],{"class":75},[61,107537,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,107539,130],{"class":129},[61,107541,109],{"class":75},[61,107543,10914],{"class":129},[61,107545,109],{"class":75},[61,107547,135],{"class":112},[61,107549,154],{"class":75},[14,107551,1109],{},[52,107553,107555],{"className":54,"code":107554,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107556,107557,107581,107601,107605,107623,107627,107637,107647,107661],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107558,107559,107561,107563,107565,107567,107569,107571,107573,107575,107577,107579],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107560,68],{"class":67},[61,107562,72],{"class":71},[61,107564,717],{"class":75},[61,107566,80],{"class":79},[61,107568,83],{"class":75},[61,107570,86],{"class":79},[61,107572,83],{"class":75},[61,107574,86],{"class":79},[61,107576,83],{"class":75},[61,107578,91],{"class":79},[61,107580,730],{"class":75},[61,107582,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107584,43307],{"class":67},[61,107586,72],{"class":71},[61,107588,717],{"class":75},[61,107590,1821],{"class":79},[61,107592,83],{"class":75},[61,107594,91],{"class":79},[61,107596,83],{"class":75},[61,107598,693],{"class":79},[61,107600,730],{"class":75},[61,107602,107603],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,107604,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,107606,107607,107609,107611,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,107608,100],{"class":67},[61,107610,72],{"class":71},[61,107612,4023],{"class":67},[61,107614,244],{"class":75},[61,107616,106390],{"class":112},[61,107618,109],{"class":75},[61,107620,30498],{"class":112},[61,107622,116],{"class":75},[61,107624,107625],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,107626,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,107628,107629,107631,107633,107635],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,107630,130],{"class":129},[61,107632,109],{"class":75},[61,107634,113],{"class":112},[61,107636,116],{"class":75},[61,107638,107639,107641,107643,107645],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,107640,130],{"class":129},[61,107642,109],{"class":75},[61,107644,135],{"class":112},[61,107646,116],{"class":75},[61,107648,107649,107651,107653,107655,107657,107659],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,107650,130],{"class":129},[61,107652,109],{"class":75},[61,107654,147],{"class":105},[61,107656,109],{"class":75},[61,107658,135],{"class":112},[61,107660,154],{"class":75},[61,107662,107663,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,107664,130],{"class":129},[61,107666,109],{"class":75},[61,107668,10914],{"class":129},[61,107670,109],{"class":75},[61,107672,135],{"class":112},[61,107674,154],{"class":75},[14,107676,157],{},[52,107678,107680],{"className":54,"code":107679,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[18,107681,107682,107698,107710,107724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107683,107684,107686,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107685,9033],{"class":75},[61,107687,80],{"class":79},[61,107689,83],{"class":75},[61,107691,86],{"class":79},[61,107693,83],{"class":75},[61,107695,91],{"class":79},[61,107697,730],{"class":75},[61,107699,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107701,9033],{"class":75},[61,107703,1821],{"class":79},[61,107705,83],{"class":75},[61,107707,91],{"class":79},[61,107709,730],{"class":75},[61,107711,107712,107714,107716,107718,107720,107722],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,107713,183],{"class":71},[61,107715,187],{"class":186},[61,107717,191],{"class":190},[61,107719,6046],{"class":194},[61,107721,198],{"class":190},[61,107723,201],{"class":71},[61,107725,107726],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,107727,16813],{"class":79},[14,107729,107730,107731,107733],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[18,107732,1821],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[47,107735,1620],{"id":1619},[408,107737,12459,107739,102487],{"id":107738},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[18,107740,102539],{},[14,107742,102490],{},[408,107744,4933,107746,107748],{"id":107745},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,107747,102539],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107750,107751],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[408,107753,107755],{"id":107754},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107757,107758],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[408,107760,107762],{"id":107761},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107764,107765],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[52,107767,107768],{"className":54,"code":97206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,107769,107770],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107771,107772,107774],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107773,6046],{"class":105},[61,107775,263],{"class":75},[47,107777,1664],{"id":1663},[26,107779,107780,107784,107791,107797],{},[29,107781,107782],{},[235,107783,96076],{"href":96075},[29,107785,107786],{},[235,107787,3332,107788,10492],{"href":107477},[18,107789,107790],{},"set.union()",[29,107792,107793],{},[235,107794,3332,107795,10492],{"href":102588},[18,107796,100167],{},[29,107798,107799],{},[235,107800,100092],{"href":105090},[1693,107802,107803],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":107805},[107806,107808,107809,107810,107811,107813,107818,107819,107827],{"id":106419,"depth":97,"text":107807},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":106927,"depth":97,"text":107812},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107178,"depth":97,"text":107814,"children":107815},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107816,107817],{"id":106390,"depth":119,"text":102539},{"id":107324,"depth":119,"text":107183},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":107820},[107821,107823,107825,107826],{"id":107738,"depth":119,"text":107822},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107745,"depth":119,"text":107824},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107754,"depth":119,"text":107755},{"id":107761,"depth":119,"text":107762},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106312,"description":107828},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107835,"title":107836,"body":107837,"description":109073,"extension":1727,"meta":109074,"navigation":122,"path":109075,"seo":109076,"stem":109077,"__hash__":109078},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107838,"toc":109040},[107839,107844,107850,107859,107861,107936,107941,107956,107966,107971,107975,107988,107992,107994,108009,108011,108027,108029,108104,108108,108111,108113,108130,108135,108190,108195,108207,108211,108214,108315,108317,108358,108361,108365,108372,108374,108399,108402,108420,108427,108433,108436,108518,108525,108528,108608,108617,108620,108625,108629,108643,108692,108697,108701,108712,108761,108772,108777,108781,108793,108842,108853,108855,108859,108882,108884,108941,108943,108957,108959,108965,108971,108977,108986,108990,108997,109001,109009,109011,109037],[10,107840,95948,107842,11075],{"id":107841},"python-set-pop-method",[18,107843,12518],{},[14,107845,107846,107849],{},[18,107847,107848],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,107851,107852,107853,107855,107856,107858],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[603,107854,605],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[18,107857,12518],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[47,107860,50],{"id":49},[52,107862,107864],{"className":54,"code":107863,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[18,107865,107866,107898,107912,107916,107926],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107867,107868,107870,107872,107874,107876,107878,107880,107882,107884,107886,107888,107890,107892,107894,107896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107869,7539],{"class":67},[61,107871,72],{"class":71},[61,107873,717],{"class":75},[61,107875,816],{"class":190},[61,107877,3838],{"class":194},[61,107879,816],{"class":190},[61,107881,83],{"class":75},[61,107883,522],{"class":190},[61,107885,3847],{"class":194},[61,107887,816],{"class":190},[61,107889,83],{"class":75},[61,107891,522],{"class":190},[61,107893,3856],{"class":194},[61,107895,816],{"class":190},[61,107897,730],{"class":75},[61,107899,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,107901,69680],{"class":67},[61,107903,72],{"class":71},[61,107905,5725],{"class":67},[61,107907,244],{"class":75},[61,107909,25998],{"class":112},[61,107911,263],{"class":75},[61,107913,107914],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,107915,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,107917,107918,107920,107922,107924],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,107919,130],{"class":129},[61,107921,109],{"class":75},[61,107923,69703],{"class":112},[61,107925,116],{"class":75},[61,107927,107928,107930,107932,107934],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,107929,130],{"class":129},[61,107931,109],{"class":75},[61,107933,993],{"class":112},[61,107935,116],{"class":75},[14,107937,107938],{},[603,107939,107940],{},"What this does:",[26,107942,107943,107948,107953],{},[29,107944,107945,107946],{},"Removes one item from ",[18,107947,993],{},[29,107949,107950,107951],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[18,107952,69703],{},[29,107954,107955],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,107957,107958,88708,107960,107962,107963,107965],{},[603,107959,83566],{},[18,107961,107848],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[603,107964,605],{}," chosen by index.",[47,107967,3435,107969,3438],{"id":107968},"what-setpop-does",[18,107970,107848],{},[14,107972,107973,824],{},[18,107974,107848],{},[26,107976,107977,107979,107982,107985],{},[29,107978,102790],{},[29,107980,107981],{},"Returns the removed item",[29,107983,107984],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[29,107986,107987],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,107989,96072,107990,244],{},[235,107991,96076],{"href":97247},[47,107993,248],{"id":247},[52,107995,107997],{"className":54,"code":107996,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.pop()\n",[18,107998,107999],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108000,108001,108003,108005,108007],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108002,15422],{"class":67},[61,108004,244],{"class":75},[61,108006,25998],{"class":112},[61,108008,263],{"class":75},[14,108010,12807],{},[26,108012,108013,108019,108024],{},[29,108014,108015,108016],{},"The syntax is ",[18,108017,108018],{},"my_set.pop()",[29,108020,108021,108022],{},"It takes ",[603,108023,28445],{},[29,108025,108026],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108028,1109],{},[52,108030,108032],{"className":54,"code":108031,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,108033,108034,108066,108080,108084,108094],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108035,108036,108038,108040,108042,108044,108046,108048,108050,108052,108054,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108037,12831],{"class":67},[61,108039,72],{"class":71},[61,108041,717],{"class":75},[61,108043,816],{"class":190},[61,108045,12848],{"class":194},[61,108047,816],{"class":190},[61,108049,83],{"class":75},[61,108051,522],{"class":190},[61,108053,12865],{"class":194},[61,108055,816],{"class":190},[61,108057,83],{"class":75},[61,108059,522],{"class":190},[61,108061,17212],{"class":194},[61,108063,816],{"class":190},[61,108065,730],{"class":75},[61,108067,108068,108070,108072,108074,108076,108078],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108069,28295],{"class":67},[61,108071,72],{"class":71},[61,108073,12879],{"class":67},[61,108075,244],{"class":75},[61,108077,25998],{"class":112},[61,108079,263],{"class":75},[61,108081,108082],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,108083,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,108085,108086,108088,108090,108092],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,108087,130],{"class":129},[61,108089,109],{"class":75},[61,108091,23068],{"class":112},[61,108093,116],{"class":75},[61,108095,108096,108098,108100,108102],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,108097,130],{"class":129},[61,108099,109],{"class":75},[61,108101,17259],{"class":112},[61,108103,116],{"class":75},[47,108105,108107],{"id":108106},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108109,108110],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108112,1871],{},[26,108114,108115,108121,108124],{},[29,108116,108117,108118,108120],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[18,108119,12518],{}," removes",[29,108122,108123],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[29,108125,108126,108127,108129],{},"You should not use ",[18,108128,12518],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108131,10213,108132,108134],{},[603,108133,605],{}," valid:",[52,108136,108138],{"className":54,"code":108137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[18,108139,108140,108172],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108141,108142,108144,108146,108148,108150,108152,108154,108156,108158,108160,108162,108164,108166,108168,108170],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108143,35995],{"class":67},[61,108145,72],{"class":71},[61,108147,717],{"class":75},[61,108149,816],{"class":190},[61,108151,3838],{"class":194},[61,108153,816],{"class":190},[61,108155,83],{"class":75},[61,108157,522],{"class":190},[61,108159,3847],{"class":194},[61,108161,816],{"class":190},[61,108163,83],{"class":75},[61,108165,522],{"class":190},[61,108167,3856],{"class":194},[61,108169,816],{"class":190},[61,108171,730],{"class":75},[61,108173,108174,108176,108178,108180,108182,108184,108186,108188],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108175,36047],{"class":67},[61,108177,244],{"class":75},[61,108179,25998],{"class":112},[61,108181,109],{"class":75},[61,108183,816],{"class":190},[61,108185,3838],{"class":194},[61,108187,816],{"class":190},[61,108189,116],{"class":75},[14,108191,39410,108192,108194],{},[18,108193,107848],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108196,108197,108198,2638,108202,244],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[235,108199,108200],{"href":97957},[18,108201,102616],{},[235,108203,108205],{"href":108204},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[18,108206,102607],{},[47,108208,108210],{"id":108209},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108212,108213],{},"Here is a simple example:",[52,108215,108217],{"className":54,"code":108216,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[18,108218,108219,108253,108257,108273,108277,108296],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108220,108221,108224,108226,108228,108230,108232,108234,108236,108238,108240,108242,108244,108246,108249,108251],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108222,108223],{"class":67},"animals ",[61,108225,72],{"class":71},[61,108227,717],{"class":75},[61,108229,816],{"class":190},[61,108231,525],{"class":194},[61,108233,816],{"class":190},[61,108235,83],{"class":75},[61,108237,522],{"class":190},[61,108239,57886],{"class":194},[61,108241,816],{"class":190},[61,108243,83],{"class":75},[61,108245,522],{"class":190},[61,108247,108248],{"class":194},"rabbit",[61,108250,816],{"class":190},[61,108252,730],{"class":75},[61,108254,108255],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108256,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,108258,108259,108262,108264,108267,108269,108271],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,108260,108261],{"class":67},"removed_animal ",[61,108263,72],{"class":71},[61,108265,108266],{"class":67}," animals",[61,108268,244],{"class":75},[61,108270,25998],{"class":112},[61,108272,263],{"class":75},[61,108274,108275],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,108276,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,108278,108279,108281,108283,108285,108287,108289,108291,108294],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,108280,130],{"class":129},[61,108282,109],{"class":75},[61,108284,816],{"class":190},[61,108286,28713],{"class":194},[61,108288,816],{"class":190},[61,108290,83],{"class":75},[61,108292,108293],{"class":112}," removed_animal",[61,108295,116],{"class":75},[61,108297,108298,108300,108302,108304,108307,108309,108311,108313],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,108299,130],{"class":129},[61,108301,109],{"class":75},[61,108303,816],{"class":190},[61,108305,108306],{"class":194},"Updated set:",[61,108308,816],{"class":190},[61,108310,83],{"class":75},[61,108312,108266],{"class":112},[61,108314,116],{"class":75},[14,108316,879],{},[52,108318,108320],{"className":54,"code":108319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[18,108321,108322,108331],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108323,108324,108326,108328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108325,28755],{"class":67},[61,108327,824],{"class":75},[61,108329,108330],{"class":67}," dog\n",[61,108332,108333,108336,108338,108340,108342,108344,108346,108348,108350,108352,108354,108356],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108334,108335],{"class":67},"Updated ",[61,108337,6046],{"class":105},[61,108339,824],{"class":75},[61,108341,717],{"class":75},[61,108343,198],{"class":190},[61,108345,525],{"class":194},[61,108347,198],{"class":190},[61,108349,83],{"class":75},[61,108351,191],{"class":190},[61,108353,108248],{"class":194},[61,108355,198],{"class":190},[61,108357,730],{"class":75},[14,108359,108360],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[47,108362,108364],{"id":108363},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108366,312,108367,108369,108370,244],{},[18,108368,12518],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[18,108371,19443],{},[14,108373,1109],{},[52,108375,108377],{"className":54,"code":108376,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[18,108378,108379,108389],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108380,108381,108383,108385,108387],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108382,7539],{"class":67},[61,108384,72],{"class":71},[61,108386,15389],{"class":105},[61,108388,263],{"class":75},[61,108390,108391,108393,108395,108397],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108392,993],{"class":67},[61,108394,244],{"class":75},[61,108396,25998],{"class":112},[61,108398,263],{"class":75},[14,108400,108401],{},"This raises:",[52,108403,108405],{"className":54,"code":108404,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[18,108406,108407],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108408,108409,108411,108413,108415,108418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108410,19443],{"class":105},[61,108412,824],{"class":75},[61,108414,191],{"class":190},[61,108416,108417],{"class":194},"pop from an empty set",[61,108419,29455],{"class":190},[14,108421,108422,108423,108426],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[235,108424,108425],{"href":10826},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[408,108428,108430,108431],{"id":108429},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[18,108432,12518],{},[14,108434,108435],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[52,108437,108439],{"className":54,"code":108438,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[18,108440,108441,108451,108455,108463,108478,108497,108503],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108442,108443,108445,108447,108449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108444,7539],{"class":67},[61,108446,72],{"class":71},[61,108448,15389],{"class":105},[61,108450,263],{"class":75},[61,108452,108453],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108454,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,108456,108457,108459,108461],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,108458,6758],{"class":3634},[61,108460,5725],{"class":67},[61,108462,6152],{"class":75},[61,108464,108465,108468,108470,108472,108474,108476],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,108466,108467],{"class":67},"    removed ",[61,108469,72],{"class":71},[61,108471,5725],{"class":67},[61,108473,244],{"class":75},[61,108475,25998],{"class":112},[61,108477,263],{"class":75},[61,108479,108480,108482,108484,108486,108488,108490,108492,108495],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,108481,7827],{"class":129},[61,108483,109],{"class":75},[61,108485,816],{"class":190},[61,108487,28713],{"class":194},[61,108489,816],{"class":190},[61,108491,83],{"class":75},[61,108493,108494],{"class":112}," removed",[61,108496,116],{"class":75},[61,108498,108499,108501],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,108500,27190],{"class":3634},[61,108502,6152],{"class":75},[61,108504,108505,108507,108509,108511,108514,108516],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,108506,7827],{"class":129},[61,108508,109],{"class":75},[61,108510,816],{"class":190},[61,108512,108513],{"class":194},"The set is empty.",[61,108515,816],{"class":190},[61,108517,116],{"class":75},[408,108519,204,108521,4154,108523],{"id":108520},"use-try-and-except",[18,108522,29559],{},[18,108524,29590],{},[14,108526,108527],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[52,108529,108531],{"className":54,"code":108530,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[18,108532,108533,108543,108547,108553,108567,108585,108593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108534,108535,108537,108539,108541],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108536,7539],{"class":67},[61,108538,72],{"class":71},[61,108540,15389],{"class":105},[61,108542,263],{"class":75},[61,108544,108545],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108546,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,108548,108549,108551],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,108550,29559],{"class":3634},[61,108552,6152],{"class":75},[61,108554,108555,108557,108559,108561,108563,108565],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,108556,108467],{"class":67},[61,108558,72],{"class":71},[61,108560,5725],{"class":67},[61,108562,244],{"class":75},[61,108564,25998],{"class":112},[61,108566,263],{"class":75},[61,108568,108569,108571,108573,108575,108577,108579,108581,108583],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,108570,7827],{"class":129},[61,108572,109],{"class":75},[61,108574,816],{"class":190},[61,108576,28713],{"class":194},[61,108578,816],{"class":190},[61,108580,83],{"class":75},[61,108582,108494],{"class":112},[61,108584,116],{"class":75},[61,108586,108587,108589,108591],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,108588,29590],{"class":3634},[61,108590,29593],{"class":105},[61,108592,6152],{"class":75},[61,108594,108595,108597,108599,108601,108604,108606],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,108596,7827],{"class":129},[61,108598,109],{"class":75},[61,108600,816],{"class":190},[61,108602,108603],{"class":194},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[61,108605,816],{"class":190},[61,108607,116],{"class":75},[47,108609,4723,108611,10337,108613,10337,108615],{"id":108610},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[18,108612,12518],{},[18,108614,55287],{},[18,108616,102602],{},[14,108618,108619],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[408,108621,204,108623],{"id":108622},"use-pop",[18,108624,12518],{},[14,108626,204,108627,1193],{},[18,108628,12518],{},[26,108630,108631,108637,108640],{},[29,108632,108633,108634],{},"You want to remove ",[603,108635,108636],{},"any one item",[29,108638,108639],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[29,108641,108642],{},"You want the removed item returned",[52,108644,108646],{"className":54,"code":108645,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[18,108647,108648,108668,108682],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108649,108650,108652,108654,108656,108658,108660,108662,108664,108666],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108651,68],{"class":67},[61,108653,72],{"class":71},[61,108655,717],{"class":75},[61,108657,80],{"class":79},[61,108659,83],{"class":75},[61,108661,86],{"class":79},[61,108663,83],{"class":75},[61,108665,91],{"class":79},[61,108667,730],{"class":75},[61,108669,108670,108672,108674,108676,108678,108680],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108671,1580],{"class":67},[61,108673,72],{"class":71},[61,108675,4023],{"class":67},[61,108677,244],{"class":75},[61,108679,25998],{"class":112},[61,108681,263],{"class":75},[61,108683,108684,108686,108688,108690],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,108685,130],{"class":129},[61,108687,109],{"class":75},[61,108689,1605],{"class":112},[61,108691,116],{"class":75},[408,108693,204,108695],{"id":108694},"use-remove",[18,108696,55287],{},[14,108698,204,108699,1193],{},[18,108700,55287],{},[26,108702,108703,108709],{},[29,108704,108705,108706],{},"You want to delete a ",[603,108707,108708],{},"specific item",[29,108710,108711],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[52,108713,108715],{"className":54,"code":108714,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,108716,108717,108737,108751],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108718,108719,108721,108723,108725,108727,108729,108731,108733,108735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108720,68],{"class":67},[61,108722,72],{"class":71},[61,108724,717],{"class":75},[61,108726,80],{"class":79},[61,108728,83],{"class":75},[61,108730,86],{"class":79},[61,108732,83],{"class":75},[61,108734,91],{"class":79},[61,108736,730],{"class":75},[61,108738,108739,108741,108743,108745,108747,108749],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108740,113],{"class":67},[61,108742,244],{"class":75},[61,108744,34549],{"class":112},[61,108746,109],{"class":75},[61,108748,1821],{"class":79},[61,108750,116],{"class":75},[61,108752,108753,108755,108757,108759],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,108754,130],{"class":129},[61,108756,109],{"class":75},[61,108758,113],{"class":112},[61,108760,116],{"class":75},[14,108762,108763,108764,108766,108767,108771],{},"If the item is missing, ",[18,108765,55287],{}," raises an error. See the ",[235,108768,108769,10492],{"href":97957},[18,108770,102616],{}," for details.",[408,108773,204,108775],{"id":108774},"use-discard",[18,108776,102602],{},[14,108778,204,108779,1193],{},[18,108780,102602],{},[26,108782,108783,108787],{},[29,108784,108705,108785],{},[603,108786,108708],{},[29,108788,108789,108790,108792],{},"You do ",[603,108791,605],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[52,108794,108796],{"className":54,"code":108795,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,108797,108798,108818,108832],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108799,108800,108802,108804,108806,108808,108810,108812,108814,108816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108801,68],{"class":67},[61,108803,72],{"class":71},[61,108805,717],{"class":75},[61,108807,80],{"class":79},[61,108809,83],{"class":75},[61,108811,86],{"class":79},[61,108813,83],{"class":75},[61,108815,91],{"class":79},[61,108817,730],{"class":75},[61,108819,108820,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108821,113],{"class":67},[61,108823,244],{"class":75},[61,108825,102669],{"class":112},[61,108827,109],{"class":75},[61,108829,645],{"class":79},[61,108831,116],{"class":75},[61,108833,108834,108836,108838,108840],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,108835,130],{"class":129},[61,108837,109],{"class":75},[61,108839,113],{"class":112},[61,108841,116],{"class":75},[14,108843,108844,108845,108847,108848,108852],{},"This does nothing if ",[18,108846,645],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[235,108849,108850,10492],{"href":108204},[18,108851,102607],{}," for more examples.",[47,108854,2590],{"id":2589},[14,108856,71226,108857,824],{},[18,108858,107848],{},[26,108860,108861,108867,108872,108877],{},[29,108862,108863,108864],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[18,108865,108866],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[29,108868,8211,108869,108871],{},[18,108870,12518],{}," to remove the first or last item",[29,108873,312,108874,108876],{},[18,108875,12518],{}," on an empty set",[29,108878,8175,108879,108881],{},[18,108880,12518],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,108883,62048],{},[52,108885,108887],{"className":54,"code":108886,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[18,108888,108889,108899,108913,108927],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108890,108891,108893,108895,108897],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108892,130],{"class":129},[61,108894,109],{"class":75},[61,108896,15422],{"class":112},[61,108898,116],{"class":75},[61,108900,108901,108903,108905,108907,108909,108911],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,108902,130],{"class":129},[61,108904,109],{"class":75},[61,108906,10914],{"class":129},[61,108908,109],{"class":75},[61,108910,15422],{"class":112},[61,108912,154],{"class":75},[61,108914,108915,108917,108919,108921,108923,108925],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,108916,130],{"class":129},[61,108918,109],{"class":75},[61,108920,147],{"class":105},[61,108922,109],{"class":75},[61,108924,15422],{"class":112},[61,108926,154],{"class":75},[61,108928,108929,108931,108933,108935,108937,108939],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,108930,28295],{"class":67},[61,108932,72],{"class":71},[61,108934,96672],{"class":67},[61,108936,244],{"class":75},[61,108938,25998],{"class":112},[61,108940,263],{"class":75},[14,108942,25765],{},[26,108944,108945,108948,108951,108954],{},[29,108946,108947],{},"What values are in the set",[29,108949,108950],{},"Whether the set is empty",[29,108952,108953],{},"That the object is really a set",[29,108955,108956],{},"What value was actually removed",[47,108958,1620],{"id":1619},[408,108960,12459,108962,108964],{"id":108961},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[18,108963,107848],{}," remove the first item?",[14,108966,108967,108968,108970],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[18,108969,12518],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[408,108972,108974,108975,2251],{"id":108973},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[18,108976,107848],{},[14,108978,108979,108980,108982,108983,108985],{},"No. Unlike list ",[18,108981,12518],{},", set ",[18,108984,12518],{}," does not accept an index.",[408,108987,108989],{"id":108988},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,108991,71395,108992,44387,108994,108996],{},[18,108993,19443],{},[18,108995,12518],{}," is called on an empty set.",[408,108998,109000],{"id":108999},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109002,204,109003,2638,109005,10844,109007,244],{},[18,109004,55287],{},[18,109006,102602],{},[18,109008,12518],{},[47,109010,1664],{"id":1663},[26,109012,109013,109017,109023,109029,109033],{},[29,109014,109015],{},[235,109016,96076],{"href":97247},[29,109018,109019],{},[235,109020,96562,109021,10492],{"href":97957},[18,109022,55287],{},[29,109024,109025],{},[235,109026,96562,109027,10492],{"href":108204},[18,109028,102602],{},[29,109030,109031],{},[235,109032,11015],{"href":10826},[29,109034,109035],{},[235,109036,55273],{"href":54825},[1693,109038,109039],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":109041},[109042,109043,109045,109046,109047,109048,109054,109063,109064,109072],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":107968,"depth":97,"text":109044},"What set.pop() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":108106,"depth":97,"text":108107},{"id":108209,"depth":97,"text":108210},{"id":108363,"depth":97,"text":108364,"children":109049},[109050,109052],{"id":108429,"depth":119,"text":109051},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108520,"depth":119,"text":109053},"Use try and except",{"id":108610,"depth":97,"text":109055,"children":109056},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109057,109059,109061],{"id":108622,"depth":119,"text":109058},"Use pop()",{"id":108694,"depth":119,"text":109060},"Use remove()",{"id":108774,"depth":119,"text":109062},"Use discard()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":109065},[109066,109068,109070,109071],{"id":108961,"depth":119,"text":109067},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108973,"depth":119,"text":109069},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108988,"depth":119,"text":108989},{"id":108999,"depth":119,"text":109000},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107836,"description":109073},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109080,"title":109081,"body":109082,"description":110236,"extension":1727,"meta":110237,"navigation":122,"path":110238,"seo":110239,"stem":110240,"__hash__":110241},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109083,"toc":110204},[109084,109089,109094,109103,109105,109170,109174,109198,109205,109210,109214,109229,109232,109234,109253,109267,109270,109318,109322,109338,109340,109413,109417,109442,109448,109456,109460,109467,109522,109527,109544,109550,109556,109561,109569,109576,109580,109588,109643,109645,109662,109666,109673,109738,109742,109775,109777,109789,109796,109798,109803,109810,109812,109881,109885,109893,109895,109959,109963,109968,110015,110020,110088,110096,110103,110106,110112,110117,110121,110123,110126,110128,110133,110138,110144,110149,110156,110164,110170,110173,110175,110201],[10,109085,95948,109087,11075],{"id":109086},"python-set-remove-method",[18,109088,55287],{},[14,109090,109091,109093],{},[18,109092,102616],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109095,109096,109097,109100,109101,244],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[603,109098,109099],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[18,109102,19443],{},[47,109104,50],{"id":49},[52,109106,109108],{"className":54,"code":109107,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,109109,109110,109142,109160],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109111,109112,109114,109116,109118,109120,109122,109124,109126,109128,109130,109132,109134,109136,109138,109140],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109113,12831],{"class":67},[61,109115,72],{"class":71},[61,109117,717],{"class":75},[61,109119,816],{"class":190},[61,109121,12848],{"class":194},[61,109123,816],{"class":190},[61,109125,83],{"class":75},[61,109127,522],{"class":190},[61,109129,12865],{"class":194},[61,109131,816],{"class":190},[61,109133,83],{"class":75},[61,109135,522],{"class":190},[61,109137,17212],{"class":194},[61,109139,816],{"class":190},[61,109141,730],{"class":75},[61,109143,109144,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156,109158],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109145,17259],{"class":67},[61,109147,244],{"class":75},[61,109149,34549],{"class":112},[61,109151,109],{"class":75},[61,109153,816],{"class":190},[61,109155,12865],{"class":194},[61,109157,816],{"class":190},[61,109159,116],{"class":75},[61,109161,109162,109164,109166,109168],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,109163,130],{"class":129},[61,109165,109],{"class":75},[61,109167,17259],{"class":112},[61,109169,116],{"class":75},[14,109171,109172],{},[603,109173,879],{},[52,109175,109176],{"className":54,"code":103296,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,109177,109178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109179,109180,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190,109192,109194,109196],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109181,9033],{"class":75},[61,109183,198],{"class":190},[61,109185,12848],{"class":194},[61,109187,198],{"class":190},[61,109189,83],{"class":75},[61,109191,191],{"class":190},[61,109193,17212],{"class":194},[61,109195,198],{"class":190},[61,109197,730],{"class":75},[14,109199,204,109200,109202,109203,244],{},[18,109201,55287],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[18,109204,19443],{},[47,109206,3435,109208,3438],{"id":109207},"what-setremove-does",[18,109209,102616],{},[14,109211,109212,824],{},[18,109213,102616],{},[26,109215,109216,109219,109221,109223],{},[29,109217,109218],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[29,109220,96063],{},[29,109222,96066],{},[29,109224,109225,109226,109228],{},"Raises ",[18,109227,19443],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109230,109231],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[47,109233,248],{"id":247},[52,109235,109237],{"className":54,"code":109236,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[18,109238,109239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109240,109241,109243,109245,109247,109249,109251],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109242,15422],{"class":67},[61,109244,244],{"class":75},[61,109246,34549],{"class":112},[61,109248,109],{"class":75},[61,109250,1605],{"class":112},[61,109252,116],{"class":75},[26,109254,109255,109259,109264],{},[29,109256,109257,102838],{},[18,109258,15422],{},[29,109260,109261,109263],{},[18,109262,1605],{}," is the item to remove",[29,109265,109266],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109268,109269],{},"Here is a small example:",[52,109271,109272],{"className":54,"code":108714,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,109273,109274,109294,109308],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109275,109276,109278,109280,109282,109284,109286,109288,109290,109292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109277,68],{"class":67},[61,109279,72],{"class":71},[61,109281,717],{"class":75},[61,109283,80],{"class":79},[61,109285,83],{"class":75},[61,109287,86],{"class":79},[61,109289,83],{"class":75},[61,109291,91],{"class":79},[61,109293,730],{"class":75},[61,109295,109296,109298,109300,109302,109304,109306],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109297,113],{"class":67},[61,109299,244],{"class":75},[61,109301,34549],{"class":112},[61,109303,109],{"class":75},[61,109305,1821],{"class":79},[61,109307,116],{"class":75},[61,109309,109310,109312,109314,109316],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,109311,130],{"class":129},[61,109313,109],{"class":75},[61,109315,113],{"class":112},[61,109317,116],{"class":75},[14,109319,109320],{},[603,109321,879],{},[52,109323,109324],{"className":54,"code":101046,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,109325,109326],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109327,109328,109330,109332,109334,109336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109329,9033],{"class":75},[61,109331,80],{"class":79},[61,109333,83],{"class":75},[61,109335,91],{"class":79},[61,109337,730],{"class":75},[47,109339,11228],{"id":11227},[52,109341,109343],{"className":54,"code":109342,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,109344,109345,109377,109381,109399,109403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109346,109347,109349,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359,109361,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109348,35995],{"class":67},[61,109350,72],{"class":71},[61,109352,717],{"class":75},[61,109354,816],{"class":190},[61,109356,3838],{"class":194},[61,109358,816],{"class":190},[61,109360,83],{"class":75},[61,109362,522],{"class":190},[61,109364,3847],{"class":194},[61,109366,816],{"class":190},[61,109368,83],{"class":75},[61,109370,522],{"class":190},[61,109372,32976],{"class":194},[61,109374,816],{"class":190},[61,109376,730],{"class":75},[61,109378,109379],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109380,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,109382,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,109384,36047],{"class":67},[61,109386,244],{"class":75},[61,109388,34549],{"class":112},[61,109390,109],{"class":75},[61,109392,816],{"class":190},[61,109394,3847],{"class":194},[61,109396,816],{"class":190},[61,109398,116],{"class":75},[61,109400,109401],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,109402,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,109404,109405,109407,109409,109411],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,109406,130],{"class":129},[61,109408,109],{"class":75},[61,109410,36047],{"class":112},[61,109412,116],{"class":75},[14,109414,109415],{},[603,109416,879],{},[52,109418,109420],{"className":54,"code":109419,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,109421,109422],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109423,109424,109426,109428,109430,109432,109434,109436,109438,109440],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109425,9033],{"class":75},[61,109427,198],{"class":190},[61,109429,3838],{"class":194},[61,109431,198],{"class":190},[61,109433,83],{"class":75},[61,109435,191],{"class":190},[61,109437,32976],{"class":194},[61,109439,198],{"class":190},[61,109441,730],{"class":75},[14,109443,109444,109445,109447],{},"This removes ",[18,109446,65020],{}," from the set.",[14,109449,109450,109451,109453,109454,244],{},"A set does ",[603,109452,605],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[235,109455,96080],{"href":97631},[47,109457,109459],{"id":109458},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109461,109462,109463,52253,109465,244],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[18,109464,55287],{},[18,109466,19443],{},[52,109468,109470],{"className":54,"code":109469,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[18,109471,109472,109504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109473,109474,109476,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109475,12831],{"class":67},[61,109477,72],{"class":71},[61,109479,717],{"class":75},[61,109481,816],{"class":190},[61,109483,12848],{"class":194},[61,109485,816],{"class":190},[61,109487,83],{"class":75},[61,109489,522],{"class":190},[61,109491,12865],{"class":194},[61,109493,816],{"class":190},[61,109495,83],{"class":75},[61,109497,522],{"class":190},[61,109499,17212],{"class":194},[61,109501,816],{"class":190},[61,109503,730],{"class":75},[61,109505,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109507,17259],{"class":67},[61,109509,244],{"class":75},[61,109511,34549],{"class":112},[61,109513,109],{"class":75},[61,109515,816],{"class":190},[61,109517,22281],{"class":194},[61,109519,816],{"class":190},[61,109521,116],{"class":75},[14,109523,109524],{},[603,109525,109526],{},"Result:",[52,109528,109530],{"className":54,"code":109529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[18,109531,109532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109533,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109535,19443],{"class":105},[61,109537,824],{"class":75},[61,109539,191],{"class":190},[61,109541,22281],{"class":194},[61,109543,29455],{"class":190},[14,109545,21946,109546,109549],{},[18,109547,109548],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109551,109552,109553,109555],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[18,109554,55287],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109557,109558,109559,244],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[235,109560,11015],{"href":10826},[47,109562,3958,109564,109566,109567],{"id":109563},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[18,109565,55287],{}," is different from ",[18,109568,102602],{},[14,109570,109571,4154,109573,109575],{},[18,109572,55287],{},[18,109574,102602],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[408,109577,109578],{"id":34549},[18,109579,55287],{},[26,109581,109582,109585],{},[29,109583,109584],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[29,109586,109587],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[52,109589,109591],{"className":54,"code":109590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[18,109592,109593,109625],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109594,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109596,35847],{"class":67},[61,109598,72],{"class":71},[61,109600,717],{"class":75},[61,109602,816],{"class":190},[61,109604,235],{"class":194},[61,109606,816],{"class":190},[61,109608,83],{"class":75},[61,109610,522],{"class":190},[61,109612,1480],{"class":194},[61,109614,816],{"class":190},[61,109616,83],{"class":75},[61,109618,522],{"class":190},[61,109620,573],{"class":194},[61,109622,816],{"class":190},[61,109624,730],{"class":75},[61,109626,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109628,35900],{"class":67},[61,109630,244],{"class":75},[61,109632,34549],{"class":112},[61,109634,109],{"class":75},[61,109636,816],{"class":190},[61,109638,18523],{"class":194},[61,109640,816],{"class":190},[61,109642,116],{"class":75},[14,109644,108401],{},[52,109646,109648],{"className":54,"code":109647,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[18,109649,109650],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109651,109652,109654,109656,109658,109660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109653,19443],{"class":105},[61,109655,824],{"class":75},[61,109657,191],{"class":190},[61,109659,18523],{"class":194},[61,109661,29455],{"class":190},[408,109663,109664],{"id":102669},[18,109665,102602],{},[26,109667,109668,109670],{},[29,109669,109584],{},[29,109671,109672],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[52,109674,109676],{"className":54,"code":109675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,109677,109678,109710,109728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109679,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109681,35847],{"class":67},[61,109683,72],{"class":71},[61,109685,717],{"class":75},[61,109687,816],{"class":190},[61,109689,235],{"class":194},[61,109691,816],{"class":190},[61,109693,83],{"class":75},[61,109695,522],{"class":190},[61,109697,1480],{"class":194},[61,109699,816],{"class":190},[61,109701,83],{"class":75},[61,109703,522],{"class":190},[61,109705,573],{"class":194},[61,109707,816],{"class":190},[61,109709,730],{"class":75},[61,109711,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109713,35900],{"class":67},[61,109715,244],{"class":75},[61,109717,102669],{"class":112},[61,109719,109],{"class":75},[61,109721,816],{"class":190},[61,109723,18523],{"class":194},[61,109725,816],{"class":190},[61,109727,116],{"class":75},[61,109729,109730,109732,109734,109736],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,109731,130],{"class":129},[61,109733,109],{"class":75},[61,109735,35900],{"class":112},[61,109737,116],{"class":75},[14,109739,109740],{},[603,109741,157],{},[52,109743,109745],{"className":54,"code":109744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[18,109746,109747],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109748,109749,109751,109753,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769,109771,109773],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109750,9033],{"class":75},[61,109752,198],{"class":190},[61,109754,235],{"class":194},[61,109756,198],{"class":190},[61,109758,83],{"class":75},[61,109760,191],{"class":190},[61,109762,1480],{"class":194},[61,109764,198],{"class":190},[61,109766,83],{"class":75},[61,109768,191],{"class":190},[61,109770,573],{"class":194},[61,109772,198],{"class":190},[61,109774,730],{"class":75},[14,109776,1063],{},[26,109778,109779,109784],{},[29,109780,109781,109783],{},[18,109782,55287],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[29,109785,109786,109788],{},[18,109787,102602],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,109790,109791,109792,244],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[235,109793,96562,109794,10492],{"href":108204},[18,109795,102602],{},[47,109797,4280],{"id":4279},[408,109799,8211,109801,96942],{"id":109800},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[18,109802,55287],{},[14,109804,109805,109807,109808,244],{},[18,109806,55287],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[18,109809,3536],{},[14,109811,16400],{},[52,109813,109815],{"className":54,"code":109814,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,109816,109817,109849,109871],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109818,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109820,12831],{"class":67},[61,109822,72],{"class":71},[61,109824,717],{"class":75},[61,109826,816],{"class":190},[61,109828,12848],{"class":194},[61,109830,816],{"class":190},[61,109832,83],{"class":75},[61,109834,522],{"class":190},[61,109836,12865],{"class":194},[61,109838,816],{"class":190},[61,109840,83],{"class":75},[61,109842,522],{"class":190},[61,109844,17212],{"class":194},[61,109846,816],{"class":190},[61,109848,730],{"class":75},[61,109850,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109852,12874],{"class":67},[61,109854,72],{"class":71},[61,109856,12879],{"class":67},[61,109858,244],{"class":75},[61,109860,34549],{"class":112},[61,109862,109],{"class":75},[61,109864,816],{"class":190},[61,109866,12865],{"class":194},[61,109868,816],{"class":190},[61,109870,116],{"class":75},[61,109872,109873,109875,109877,109879],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,109874,130],{"class":129},[61,109876,109],{"class":75},[61,109878,12898],{"class":112},[61,109880,116],{"class":75},[14,109882,109883],{},[603,109884,157],{},[52,109886,109887],{"className":54,"code":11562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,109888,109889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109890,109891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109892,11562],{"class":3609},[14,109894,16412],{},[52,109896,109897],{"className":54,"code":109107,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,109898,109899,109931,109949],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109900,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109902,12831],{"class":67},[61,109904,72],{"class":71},[61,109906,717],{"class":75},[61,109908,816],{"class":190},[61,109910,12848],{"class":194},[61,109912,816],{"class":190},[61,109914,83],{"class":75},[61,109916,522],{"class":190},[61,109918,12865],{"class":194},[61,109920,816],{"class":190},[61,109922,83],{"class":75},[61,109924,522],{"class":190},[61,109926,17212],{"class":194},[61,109928,816],{"class":190},[61,109930,730],{"class":75},[61,109932,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,109934,17259],{"class":67},[61,109936,244],{"class":75},[61,109938,34549],{"class":112},[61,109940,109],{"class":75},[61,109942,816],{"class":190},[61,109944,12865],{"class":194},[61,109946,816],{"class":190},[61,109948,116],{"class":75},[61,109950,109951,109953,109955,109957],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,109952,130],{"class":129},[61,109954,109],{"class":75},[61,109956,17259],{"class":112},[61,109958,116],{"class":75},[408,109960,109962],{"id":109961},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,109964,109965,109966,244],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[18,109967,19443],{},[52,109969,109971],{"className":54,"code":109970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,109972,109973,109997],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109974,109975,109977,109979,109981,109983,109985,109987,109989,109991,109993,109995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109976,12831],{"class":67},[61,109978,72],{"class":71},[61,109980,717],{"class":75},[61,109982,816],{"class":190},[61,109984,12848],{"class":194},[61,109986,816],{"class":190},[61,109988,83],{"class":75},[61,109990,522],{"class":190},[61,109992,12865],{"class":194},[61,109994,816],{"class":190},[61,109996,730],{"class":75},[61,109998,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110000,17259],{"class":67},[61,110002,244],{"class":75},[61,110004,34549],{"class":112},[61,110006,109],{"class":75},[61,110008,816],{"class":190},[61,110010,17212],{"class":194},[61,110012,816],{"class":190},[61,110014,116],{"class":75},[14,110016,110017,110018,824],{},"To check first, you can use ",[18,110019,3641],{},[52,110021,110023],{"className":54,"code":110022,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110024,110025,110049,110053,110069],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110026,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110028,12831],{"class":67},[61,110030,72],{"class":71},[61,110032,717],{"class":75},[61,110034,816],{"class":190},[61,110036,12848],{"class":194},[61,110038,816],{"class":190},[61,110040,83],{"class":75},[61,110042,522],{"class":190},[61,110044,12865],{"class":194},[61,110046,816],{"class":190},[61,110048,730],{"class":75},[61,110050,110051],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110052,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,110054,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,110056,6758],{"class":3634},[61,110058,522],{"class":190},[61,110060,17212],{"class":194},[61,110062,816],{"class":190},[61,110064,20930],{"class":71},[61,110066,12879],{"class":67},[61,110068,6152],{"class":75},[61,110070,110071,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084,110086],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,110072,110073],{"class":67},"    colors",[61,110075,244],{"class":75},[61,110077,34549],{"class":112},[61,110079,109],{"class":75},[61,110081,816],{"class":190},[61,110083,17212],{"class":194},[61,110085,816],{"class":190},[61,110087,116],{"class":75},[14,110089,110090,110091,110095],{},"Or use ",[235,110092,110093],{"href":108204},[18,110094,102602],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[408,110097,36960,110099,8463,110101],{"id":110098},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[18,110100,102616],{},[18,110102,54833],{},[14,110104,110105],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110107,110108,110109,110111],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[18,110110,102616],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110113,110114,110115,244],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[235,110116,98826],{"href":98825},[408,110118,110120],{"id":110119},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110122,108110],{},[14,110124,110125],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[47,110127,1620],{"id":1619},[408,110129,12459,110131,97041],{"id":110130},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[18,110132,102616],{},[14,110134,110135,110136,244],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[18,110137,3536],{},[408,110139,30042,110141,110143],{"id":110140},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[18,110142,102616],{}," raise?",[14,110145,30048,110146,110148],{},[18,110147,19443],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[408,110150,21177,110152,2638,110154,2251],{"id":110151},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[18,110153,55287],{},[18,110155,102602],{},[14,110157,204,110158,110160,110161,110163],{},[18,110159,55287],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[18,110162,102602],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[408,110165,4933,110167,110169],{"id":110166},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[18,110168,102616],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110171,110172],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[47,110174,1664],{"id":1663},[26,110176,110177,110183,110189,110193,110197],{},[29,110178,110179],{},[235,110180,96562,110181,10492],{"href":108204},[18,110182,102602],{},[29,110184,110185],{},[235,110186,96562,110187,10492],{"href":97962},[18,110188,12518],{},[29,110190,110191],{},[235,110192,97086],{"href":97631},[29,110194,110195],{},[235,110196,100092],{"href":98825},[29,110198,110199],{},[235,110200,11015],{"href":10826},[1693,110202,110203],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":110205},[110206,110207,110209,110210,110211,110212,110217,110225,110235],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":109207,"depth":97,"text":110208},"What set.remove() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":109458,"depth":97,"text":109459},{"id":109563,"depth":97,"text":110213,"children":110214},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110215,110216],{"id":34549,"depth":119,"text":55287},{"id":102669,"depth":119,"text":102602},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":110218},[110219,110221,110222,110224],{"id":109800,"depth":119,"text":110220},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109961,"depth":119,"text":109962},{"id":110098,"depth":119,"text":110223},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110119,"depth":119,"text":110120},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":110226},[110227,110229,110231,110233],{"id":110130,"depth":119,"text":110228},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110140,"depth":119,"text":110230},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110151,"depth":119,"text":110232},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110166,"depth":119,"text":110234},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109081,"description":110236},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110243,"title":110244,"body":110245,"description":111618,"extension":1727,"meta":111619,"navigation":122,"path":111620,"seo":111621,"stem":111622,"__hash__":111623},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110246,"toc":111593},[110247,110253,110259,110262,110265,110279,110281,110362,110365,110370,110374,110388,110395,110397,110416,110419,110437,110439,110519,110521,110546,110550,110553,110561,110566,110571,110573,110586,110591,110594,110618,110621,110629,110631,110634,110731,110733,110766,110768,110794,110801,110804,110808,110816,110820,110828,110830,110920,110922,110936,110943,110948,110953,110955,111046,111048,111060,111062,111076,111082,111090,111092,111174,111176,111221,111224,111232,111235,111237,111241,111284,111286,111306,111311,111313,111398,111400,111405,111407,111414,111422,111428,111431,111433,111519,111521,111545,111549,111552,111554,111581,111591],[10,110248,95948,110250,11075],{"id":110249},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[18,110251,110252],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110254,110255,110258],{},[18,110256,110257],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110260,110261],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110263,110264],{},"Use it when:",[26,110266,110267,110270,110276],{},[29,110268,110269],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[29,110271,110272,110273,110275],{},"you do ",[603,110274,605],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[29,110277,110278],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[47,110280,3366],{"id":3365},[52,110282,110284],{"className":54,"code":110283,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110285,110286,110306,110326,110330,110349],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110287,110288,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110289,2313],{"class":67},[61,110291,72],{"class":71},[61,110293,717],{"class":75},[61,110295,80],{"class":79},[61,110297,83],{"class":75},[61,110299,86],{"class":79},[61,110301,83],{"class":75},[61,110303,91],{"class":79},[61,110305,730],{"class":75},[61,110307,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110309,2341],{"class":67},[61,110311,72],{"class":71},[61,110313,717],{"class":75},[61,110315,1827],{"class":79},[61,110317,83],{"class":75},[61,110319,693],{"class":79},[61,110321,83],{"class":75},[61,110323,4367],{"class":79},[61,110325,730],{"class":75},[61,110327,110328],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,110329,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,110331,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110343,110345,110347],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,110333,100],{"class":67},[61,110335,72],{"class":71},[61,110337,56646],{"class":67},[61,110339,244],{"class":75},[61,110341,110342],{"class":112},"symmetric_difference",[61,110344,109],{"class":75},[61,110346,1480],{"class":112},[61,110348,116],{"class":75},[61,110350,110351,110353,110355,110357,110359],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,110352,130],{"class":129},[61,110354,109],{"class":75},[61,110356,135],{"class":112},[61,110358,3417],{"class":75},[61,110360,110361],{"class":3420},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110363,110364],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[47,110366,3435,110368,3438],{"id":110367},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[18,110369,110252],{},[14,110371,110372,824],{},[18,110373,110257],{},[26,110375,110376,110379,110382,110385],{},[29,110377,110378],{},"returns a new set",[29,110380,110381],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[29,110383,110384],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[29,110386,110387],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110389,96072,110390,2638,110392,244],{},[235,110391,96076],{"href":96075},[235,110393,110394],{"href":96079},"creating a set in Python",[47,110396,248],{"id":247},[52,110398,110400],{"className":54,"code":110399,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[18,110401,110402],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110403,110404,110406,110408,110410,110412,110414],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110405,100333],{"class":67},[61,110407,244],{"class":75},[61,110409,110342],{"class":112},[61,110411,109],{"class":75},[61,110413,100342],{"class":112},[61,110415,116],{"class":75},[14,110417,110418],{},"Notes:",[26,110420,110421,110426,110431,110434],{},[29,110422,110423,110425],{},[18,110424,100333],{}," must be a set",[29,110427,110428,110430],{},[18,110429,100342],{}," can be any iterable",[29,110432,110433],{},"the result is always a set",[29,110435,110436],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110438,1109],{},[52,110440,110442],{"className":54,"code":110441,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[18,110443,110444,110465,110486,110490,110509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110445,110446,110449,110451,110453,110455,110457,110459,110461,110463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110447,110448],{"class":67},"set1 ",[61,110450,72],{"class":71},[61,110452,717],{"class":75},[61,110454,80],{"class":79},[61,110456,83],{"class":75},[61,110458,86],{"class":79},[61,110460,83],{"class":75},[61,110462,91],{"class":79},[61,110464,730],{"class":75},[61,110466,110467,110470,110472,110474,110476,110478,110480,110482,110484],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110468,110469],{"class":67},"set2 ",[61,110471,72],{"class":71},[61,110473,717],{"class":75},[61,110475,1827],{"class":79},[61,110477,83],{"class":75},[61,110479,693],{"class":79},[61,110481,83],{"class":75},[61,110483,4367],{"class":79},[61,110485,730],{"class":75},[61,110487,110488],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,110489,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,110491,110492,110494,110496,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,110493,100],{"class":67},[61,110495,72],{"class":71},[61,110497,110498],{"class":67}," set1",[61,110500,244],{"class":75},[61,110502,110342],{"class":112},[61,110504,109],{"class":75},[61,110506,100342],{"class":112},[61,110508,116],{"class":75},[61,110510,110511,110513,110515,110517],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,110512,130],{"class":129},[61,110514,109],{"class":75},[61,110516,135],{"class":112},[61,110518,116],{"class":75},[14,110520,157],{},[52,110522,110524],{"className":54,"code":110523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110525,110526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110527,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110529,9033],{"class":75},[61,110531,80],{"class":79},[61,110533,83],{"class":75},[61,110535,86],{"class":79},[61,110537,83],{"class":75},[61,110539,693],{"class":79},[61,110541,83],{"class":75},[61,110543,4367],{"class":79},[61,110545,730],{"class":75},[47,110547,110549],{"id":110548},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110551,110552],{},"The result includes:",[26,110554,110555,110558],{},[29,110556,110557],{},"items only in the first set",[29,110559,110560],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110562,110563,110564,10835],{},"The result does ",[603,110565,605],{},[26,110567,110568],{},[29,110569,110570],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110572,1570],{},[26,110574,110575,110580],{},[29,110576,110577,110578],{},"first set: ",[18,110579,100030],{},[29,110581,110582,110583],{},"second set: ",[18,110584,110585],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110587,3808,110588,110590],{},[18,110589,1827],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110592,110593],{},"The output is:",[52,110595,110596],{"className":54,"code":110523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,110597,110598],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110599,110600,110602,110604,110606,110608,110610,110612,110614,110616],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110601,9033],{"class":75},[61,110603,80],{"class":79},[61,110605,83],{"class":75},[61,110607,86],{"class":79},[61,110609,83],{"class":75},[61,110611,693],{"class":79},[61,110613,83],{"class":75},[61,110615,4367],{"class":79},[61,110617,730],{"class":75},[14,110619,110620],{},"Also remember:",[26,110622,110623,110626],{},[29,110624,110625],{},"sets are unordered",[29,110627,110628],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[47,110630,11228],{"id":11227},[14,110632,110633],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[52,110635,110637],{"className":54,"code":110636,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,110638,110639,110671,110695,110699,110717,110721],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110640,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655,110657,110659,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110642,106772],{"class":67},[61,110644,72],{"class":71},[61,110646,717],{"class":75},[61,110648,816],{"class":190},[61,110650,12848],{"class":194},[61,110652,816],{"class":190},[61,110654,83],{"class":75},[61,110656,522],{"class":190},[61,110658,12865],{"class":194},[61,110660,816],{"class":190},[61,110662,83],{"class":75},[61,110664,522],{"class":190},[61,110666,17212],{"class":194},[61,110668,816],{"class":190},[61,110670,730],{"class":75},[61,110672,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110674,106805],{"class":67},[61,110676,72],{"class":71},[61,110678,717],{"class":75},[61,110680,816],{"class":190},[61,110682,17212],{"class":194},[61,110684,816],{"class":190},[61,110686,83],{"class":75},[61,110688,522],{"class":190},[61,110690,22281],{"class":194},[61,110692,816],{"class":190},[61,110694,730],{"class":75},[61,110696,110697],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,110698,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,110700,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,110702,100],{"class":67},[61,110704,72],{"class":71},[61,110706,106847],{"class":67},[61,110708,244],{"class":75},[61,110710,110342],{"class":112},[61,110712,109],{"class":75},[61,110714,106856],{"class":112},[61,110716,116],{"class":75},[61,110718,110719],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,110720,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,110722,110723,110725,110727,110729],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,110724,130],{"class":129},[61,110726,109],{"class":75},[61,110728,135],{"class":112},[61,110730,116],{"class":75},[14,110732,157],{},[52,110734,110736],{"className":54,"code":110735,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[18,110737,110738],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110739,110740,110742,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754,110756,110758,110760,110762,110764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110741,9033],{"class":75},[61,110743,198],{"class":190},[61,110745,12848],{"class":194},[61,110747,198],{"class":190},[61,110749,83],{"class":75},[61,110751,191],{"class":190},[61,110753,12865],{"class":194},[61,110755,198],{"class":190},[61,110757,83],{"class":75},[61,110759,191],{"class":190},[61,110761,22281],{"class":194},[61,110763,198],{"class":190},[61,110765,730],{"class":75},[14,110767,13164],{},[26,110769,110770,110775,110786],{},[29,110771,110772,110774],{},[18,110773,96241],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[29,110776,110777,4154,110779,110782,110783,110785],{},[18,110778,65138],{},[18,110780,110781],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[18,110784,106909],{},", so they stay",[29,110787,110788,110790,110791,110793],{},[18,110789,109548],{}," is only in ",[18,110792,106856],{},", so it stays",[47,110795,110797,10337,110799],{"id":110796},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[18,110798,110252],{},[18,110800,100162],{},[14,110802,110803],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,110805,110806,824],{},[18,110807,100162],{},[26,110809,110810,110813],{},[29,110811,110812],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[29,110814,110815],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,110817,110818,824],{},[18,110819,110252],{},[26,110821,110822,110825],{},[29,110823,110824],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[29,110826,110827],{},"removes shared items",[14,110829,1109],{},[52,110831,110833],{"className":54,"code":110832,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110834,110835,110855,110875,110879,110900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110836,110837,110839,110841,110843,110845,110847,110849,110851,110853],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110838,2313],{"class":67},[61,110840,72],{"class":71},[61,110842,717],{"class":75},[61,110844,80],{"class":79},[61,110846,83],{"class":75},[61,110848,86],{"class":79},[61,110850,83],{"class":75},[61,110852,91],{"class":79},[61,110854,730],{"class":75},[61,110856,110857,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869,110871,110873],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110858,2341],{"class":67},[61,110860,72],{"class":71},[61,110862,717],{"class":75},[61,110864,1827],{"class":79},[61,110866,83],{"class":75},[61,110868,693],{"class":79},[61,110870,83],{"class":75},[61,110872,4367],{"class":79},[61,110874,730],{"class":75},[61,110876,110877],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,110878,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,110880,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,110882,130],{"class":129},[61,110884,109],{"class":75},[61,110886,235],{"class":112},[61,110888,244],{"class":75},[61,110890,2571],{"class":112},[61,110892,109],{"class":75},[61,110894,1480],{"class":112},[61,110896,5122],{"class":75},[61,110898,110899],{"class":3420},"            # {1, 2}\n",[61,110901,110902,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,110903,130],{"class":129},[61,110905,109],{"class":75},[61,110907,235],{"class":112},[61,110909,244],{"class":75},[61,110911,110342],{"class":112},[61,110913,109],{"class":75},[61,110915,1480],{"class":112},[61,110917,5122],{"class":75},[61,110919,110361],{"class":3420},[14,110921,1063],{},[26,110923,110924,110931],{},[29,110925,110926,110930],{},[235,110927,110928],{"href":102588},[18,110929,100162],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[29,110932,110933,110935],{},[18,110934,110252],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[47,110937,110939,10337,110941],{"id":110938},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[18,110940,110252],{},[18,110942,102547],{},[14,110944,110945,110947],{},[18,110946,102547],{}," combines both sets.",[14,110949,110950,110952],{},[18,110951,110252],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,110954,1109],{},[52,110956,110958],{"className":54,"code":110957,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110959,110960,110980,111000,111004,111026],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110961,110962,110964,110966,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110963,2313],{"class":67},[61,110965,72],{"class":71},[61,110967,717],{"class":75},[61,110969,80],{"class":79},[61,110971,83],{"class":75},[61,110973,86],{"class":79},[61,110975,83],{"class":75},[61,110977,91],{"class":79},[61,110979,730],{"class":75},[61,110981,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,110983,2341],{"class":67},[61,110985,72],{"class":71},[61,110987,717],{"class":75},[61,110989,1827],{"class":79},[61,110991,83],{"class":75},[61,110993,693],{"class":79},[61,110995,83],{"class":75},[61,110997,4367],{"class":79},[61,110999,730],{"class":75},[61,111001,111002],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,111003,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,111005,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111017,111019,111021,111023],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,111007,130],{"class":129},[61,111009,109],{"class":75},[61,111011,235],{"class":112},[61,111013,244],{"class":75},[61,111015,111016],{"class":112},"union",[61,111018,109],{"class":75},[61,111020,1480],{"class":112},[61,111022,5122],{"class":75},[61,111024,111025],{"class":3420},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[61,111027,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,111029,130],{"class":129},[61,111031,109],{"class":75},[61,111033,235],{"class":112},[61,111035,244],{"class":75},[61,111037,110342],{"class":112},[61,111039,109],{"class":75},[61,111041,1480],{"class":112},[61,111043,5122],{"class":75},[61,111045,110361],{"class":3420},[14,111047,26977],{},[26,111049,111050,111055],{},[29,111051,111052,111054],{},[18,111053,102547],{}," includes everything",[29,111056,111057,111059],{},[18,111058,110252],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111061,1063],{},[26,111063,111064,111071],{},[29,111065,111066,111070],{},[235,111067,111068],{"href":107477},[18,111069,102547],{}," when overlap does not matter",[29,111072,111073,111075],{},[18,111074,110252],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[47,111077,36369,111079,101346],{"id":111078},"using-the-operator",[18,111080,111081],{},"^",[14,111083,111084,111085,111087,111088,244],{},"For sets, the ",[18,111086,111081],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[18,111089,110252],{},[14,111091,1109],{},[52,111093,111095],{"className":54,"code":111094,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[18,111096,111097,111117,111137,111141,111159],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111098,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111100,110448],{"class":67},[61,111102,72],{"class":71},[61,111104,717],{"class":75},[61,111106,80],{"class":79},[61,111108,83],{"class":75},[61,111110,86],{"class":79},[61,111112,83],{"class":75},[61,111114,91],{"class":79},[61,111116,730],{"class":75},[61,111118,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127,111129,111131,111133,111135],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111120,110469],{"class":67},[61,111122,72],{"class":71},[61,111124,717],{"class":75},[61,111126,1827],{"class":79},[61,111128,83],{"class":75},[61,111130,693],{"class":79},[61,111132,83],{"class":75},[61,111134,4367],{"class":79},[61,111136,730],{"class":75},[61,111138,111139],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,111140,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,111142,111143,111145,111147,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,111144,130],{"class":129},[61,111146,109],{"class":75},[61,111148,100333],{"class":112},[61,111150,244],{"class":75},[61,111152,110342],{"class":112},[61,111154,109],{"class":75},[61,111156,100342],{"class":112},[61,111158,154],{"class":75},[61,111160,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169,111172],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,111162,130],{"class":129},[61,111164,109],{"class":75},[61,111166,110448],{"class":112},[61,111168,111081],{"class":71},[61,111170,111171],{"class":112}," set2",[61,111173,116],{"class":75},[14,111175,879],{},[52,111177,111179],{"className":54,"code":111178,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111180,111181,111201],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111182,111183,111185,111187,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197,111199],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111184,9033],{"class":75},[61,111186,80],{"class":79},[61,111188,83],{"class":75},[61,111190,86],{"class":79},[61,111192,83],{"class":75},[61,111194,693],{"class":79},[61,111196,83],{"class":75},[61,111198,4367],{"class":79},[61,111200,730],{"class":75},[61,111202,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111204,9033],{"class":75},[61,111206,80],{"class":79},[61,111208,83],{"class":75},[61,111210,86],{"class":79},[61,111212,83],{"class":75},[61,111214,693],{"class":79},[61,111216,83],{"class":75},[61,111218,4367],{"class":79},[61,111220,730],{"class":75},[14,111222,111223],{},"Both forms:",[26,111225,111226,111229],{},[29,111227,111228],{},"return a new set",[29,111230,111231],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111233,111234],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[47,111236,4280],{"id":4279},[14,111238,20968,111239,824],{},[18,111240,110252],{},[26,111242,111243,111251,111261,111276],{},[29,111244,111245,111248,111250],{},[603,111246,111247],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9598,111249],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[29,111252,111253,111256,111258,111260],{},[603,111254,111255],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9598,111257],{},[18,111259,110252],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[29,111262,111263,111268,111270,111272,111273,111275],{},[603,111264,111265,111266],{},"Confusing it with ",[18,111267,100162],{},[9598,111269],{},[18,111271,100162],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[18,111274,110252],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[29,111277,111278,111281,111283],{},[603,111279,111280],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9598,111282],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111285,58621],{},[26,111287,111288,111297,111300,111303],{},[29,111289,50249,111290,44387,111292,111296],{},[18,111291,110252],{},[235,111293,111294],{"href":107477},[18,111295,102547],{}," is actually needed",[29,111298,111299],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[29,111301,111302],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[29,111304,111305],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111307,111308,111309,244],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[235,111310,98826],{"href":105090},[14,111312,62048],{},[52,111314,111316],{"className":54,"code":111315,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[18,111317,111318,111328,111338,111356,111370,111384],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111319,111320,111322,111324,111326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111321,130],{"class":129},[61,111323,109],{"class":75},[61,111325,100333],{"class":112},[61,111327,116],{"class":75},[61,111329,111330,111332,111334,111336],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111331,130],{"class":129},[61,111333,109],{"class":75},[61,111335,100342],{"class":112},[61,111337,116],{"class":75},[61,111339,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348,111350,111352,111354],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,111341,130],{"class":129},[61,111343,109],{"class":75},[61,111345,100333],{"class":112},[61,111347,244],{"class":75},[61,111349,110342],{"class":112},[61,111351,109],{"class":75},[61,111353,100342],{"class":112},[61,111355,154],{"class":75},[61,111357,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,111359,130],{"class":129},[61,111361,109],{"class":75},[61,111363,110448],{"class":112},[61,111365,111081],{"class":71},[61,111367,111171],{"class":112},[61,111369,116],{"class":75},[61,111371,111372,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,111373,130],{"class":129},[61,111375,109],{"class":75},[61,111377,147],{"class":105},[61,111379,109],{"class":75},[61,111381,100333],{"class":112},[61,111383,154],{"class":75},[61,111385,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,111387,130],{"class":129},[61,111389,109],{"class":75},[61,111391,147],{"class":105},[61,111393,109],{"class":75},[61,111395,100342],{"class":112},[61,111397,154],{"class":75},[47,111399,1620],{"id":1619},[408,111401,12459,111403,102487],{"id":111402},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[18,111404,110252],{},[14,111406,102490],{},[408,111408,4943,111410,4154,111412,2251],{"id":111409},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[18,111411,110252],{},[18,111413,100162],{},[14,111415,111416,111418,111419,111421],{},[18,111417,100162],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[18,111420,110252],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[408,111423,28085,111425,111427],{"id":111424},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[18,111426,110252],{}," with lists?",[14,111429,111430],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111432,1109],{},[52,111434,111436],{"className":54,"code":111435,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[18,111437,111438,111458,111478,111482,111509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111439,111440,111442,111444,111446,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111441,80404],{"class":67},[61,111443,72],{"class":71},[61,111445,76],{"class":75},[61,111447,80],{"class":79},[61,111449,83],{"class":75},[61,111451,86],{"class":79},[61,111453,83],{"class":75},[61,111455,91],{"class":79},[61,111457,94],{"class":75},[61,111459,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111461,80425],{"class":67},[61,111463,72],{"class":71},[61,111465,76],{"class":75},[61,111467,1827],{"class":79},[61,111469,83],{"class":75},[61,111471,693],{"class":79},[61,111473,83],{"class":75},[61,111475,4367],{"class":79},[61,111477,94],{"class":75},[61,111479,111480],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,111481,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,111483,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492,111495,111497,111499,111501,111503,111505,111507],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,111485,100],{"class":67},[61,111487,72],{"class":71},[61,111489,15389],{"class":105},[61,111491,109],{"class":75},[61,111493,111494],{"class":112},"list1",[61,111496,8390],{"class":75},[61,111498,110342],{"class":112},[61,111500,109],{"class":75},[61,111502,6046],{"class":105},[61,111504,109],{"class":75},[61,111506,80691],{"class":112},[61,111508,154],{"class":75},[61,111510,111511,111513,111515,111517],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,111512,130],{"class":129},[61,111514,109],{"class":75},[61,111516,135],{"class":112},[61,111518,116],{"class":75},[14,111520,157],{},[52,111522,111523],{"className":54,"code":110523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,111524,111525],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111526,111527,111529,111531,111533,111535,111537,111539,111541,111543],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111528,9033],{"class":75},[61,111530,80],{"class":79},[61,111532,83],{"class":75},[61,111534,86],{"class":79},[61,111536,83],{"class":75},[61,111538,693],{"class":79},[61,111540,83],{"class":75},[61,111542,4367],{"class":79},[61,111544,730],{"class":75},[408,111546,111548],{"id":111547},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111550,111551],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[47,111553,1664],{"id":1663},[26,111555,111556,111560,111565,111571,111577],{},[29,111557,111558],{},[235,111559,96076],{"href":96075},[29,111561,111562],{},[235,111563,111564],{"href":96079},"Creating a set in Python",[29,111566,111567],{},[235,111568,96562,111569,10492],{"href":102588},[18,111570,100162],{},[29,111572,111573],{},[235,111574,96562,111575,10492],{"href":107477},[18,111576,102547],{},[29,111578,111579],{},[235,111580,100092],{"href":105090},[14,111582,111583,111584,1951,111586,16829,111588,111590],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[18,111585,100162],{},[18,111587,102547],{},[18,111589,110252],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1693,111592,57000],{},{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":111594},[111595,111596,111598,111599,111600,111601,111603,111605,111607,111608,111617],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":110367,"depth":97,"text":111597},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":110548,"depth":97,"text":110549},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":110796,"depth":97,"text":111602},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110938,"depth":97,"text":111604},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111078,"depth":97,"text":111606},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":111609},[111610,111612,111614,111616],{"id":111402,"depth":119,"text":111611},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111409,"depth":119,"text":111613},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111424,"depth":119,"text":111615},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111547,"depth":119,"text":111548},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110244,"description":111618},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111625,"title":111626,"body":111627,"description":113690,"extension":1727,"meta":113691,"navigation":122,"path":107477,"seo":113692,"stem":113693,"__hash__":113694},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111628,"toc":113649},[111629,111634,111639,111642,111655,111657,111739,111744,111749,111753,111765,111768,111772,111774,111801,111803,111814,111817,111886,111888,111894,111897,111907,111909,111998,112003,112005,112012,112015,112017,112020,112140,112142,112211,112214,112231,112236,112239,112355,112357,112386,112389,112395,112400,112404,112485,112487,112515,112520,112524,112619,112621,112662,112666,112669,112736,112738,112779,112785,112800,112807,112814,112818,112824,112910,112914,112922,112993,112998,113005,113007,113013,113015,113080,113082,113098,113103,113106,113175,113179,113182,113241,113244,113248,113301,113314,113317,113370,113374,113376,113407,113410,113415,113468,113472,113475,113496,113508,113510,113563,113565,113570,113572,113578,113581,113587,113592,113596,113599,113607,113616,113618,113646],[10,111630,3332,111632,11075],{"id":111631},"python-setunion-method",[18,111633,107790],{},[14,111635,111636,111638],{},[18,111637,107790],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111640,111641],{},"It is useful when you want:",[26,111643,111644,111647,111652],{},[29,111645,111646],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[29,111648,2313,111649,111651],{},[603,111650,100517],{}," as the result",[29,111653,111654],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[47,111656,50],{"id":49},[52,111658,111660],{"className":54,"code":111659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,111661,111662,111682,111702,111706,111724,111734],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111663,111664,111666,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676,111678,111680],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111665,110448],{"class":67},[61,111667,72],{"class":71},[61,111669,717],{"class":75},[61,111671,80],{"class":79},[61,111673,83],{"class":75},[61,111675,86],{"class":79},[61,111677,83],{"class":75},[61,111679,91],{"class":79},[61,111681,730],{"class":75},[61,111683,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696,111698,111700],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111685,110469],{"class":67},[61,111687,72],{"class":71},[61,111689,717],{"class":75},[61,111691,1827],{"class":79},[61,111693,83],{"class":75},[61,111695,693],{"class":79},[61,111697,83],{"class":75},[61,111699,4367],{"class":79},[61,111701,730],{"class":75},[61,111703,111704],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,111705,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,111707,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,111709,100],{"class":67},[61,111711,72],{"class":71},[61,111713,110498],{"class":67},[61,111715,244],{"class":75},[61,111717,111016],{"class":112},[61,111719,109],{"class":75},[61,111721,100342],{"class":112},[61,111723,116],{"class":75},[61,111725,111726,111728,111730,111732],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,111727,130],{"class":129},[61,111729,109],{"class":75},[61,111731,135],{"class":112},[61,111733,116],{"class":75},[61,111735,111736],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,111737,111738],{"class":3420},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111740,111741,111743],{},[18,111742,102547],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[47,111745,3435,111747,3438],{"id":111746},"what-setunion-does",[18,111748,107790],{},[14,111750,111751,824],{},[18,111752,107790],{},[26,111754,111755,111758,111761,111763],{},[29,111756,111757],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[29,111759,111760],{},"keeps only unique values",[29,111762,110378],{},[29,111764,110387],{},[14,111766,111767],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,111769,96072,111770,244],{},[235,111771,96076],{"href":97247},[47,111773,248],{"id":247},[52,111775,111777],{"className":54,"code":111776,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[18,111778,111779],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111780,111781,111783,111785,111787,111789,111791,111793,111795,111797,111799],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111782,100333],{"class":67},[61,111784,244],{"class":75},[61,111786,111016],{"class":112},[61,111788,109],{"class":75},[61,111790,100342],{"class":112},[61,111792,83],{"class":75},[61,111794,100369],{"class":112},[61,111796,83],{"class":75},[61,111798,34210],{"class":129},[61,111800,116],{"class":75},[14,111802,12807],{},[26,111804,111805,111808,111811],{},[29,111806,111807],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[29,111809,111810],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[29,111812,111813],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,111815,111816],{},"Example with two sets:",[52,111818,111820],{"className":54,"code":111819,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,111821,111822,111838,111854,111858,111876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111823,111824,111826,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111825,2313],{"class":67},[61,111827,72],{"class":71},[61,111829,717],{"class":75},[61,111831,80],{"class":79},[61,111833,83],{"class":75},[61,111835,86],{"class":79},[61,111837,730],{"class":75},[61,111839,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111841,2341],{"class":67},[61,111843,72],{"class":71},[61,111845,717],{"class":75},[61,111847,1821],{"class":79},[61,111849,83],{"class":75},[61,111851,91],{"class":79},[61,111853,730],{"class":75},[61,111855,111856],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,111857,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,111859,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,111861,100],{"class":67},[61,111863,72],{"class":71},[61,111865,56646],{"class":67},[61,111867,244],{"class":75},[61,111869,111016],{"class":112},[61,111871,109],{"class":75},[61,111873,1480],{"class":112},[61,111875,116],{"class":75},[61,111877,111878,111880,111882,111884],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,111879,130],{"class":129},[61,111881,109],{"class":75},[61,111883,135],{"class":112},[61,111885,116],{"class":75},[47,111887,21727],{"id":21726},[14,111889,111890,100514,111892,244],{},[18,111891,107790],{},[603,111893,100517],{},[14,111895,111896],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[26,111898,111899,111902],{},[29,111900,111901],{},"the original set",[29,111903,111904,111905],{},"all arguments passed to ",[18,111906,102547],{},[14,111908,1109],{},[52,111910,111912],{"className":54,"code":111911,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[18,111913,111914,111930,111946,111950,111968,111972,111985],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111915,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111917,2313],{"class":67},[61,111919,72],{"class":71},[61,111921,717],{"class":75},[61,111923,80],{"class":79},[61,111925,83],{"class":75},[61,111927,86],{"class":79},[61,111929,730],{"class":75},[61,111931,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942,111944],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,111933,2341],{"class":67},[61,111935,72],{"class":71},[61,111937,717],{"class":75},[61,111939,1821],{"class":79},[61,111941,83],{"class":75},[61,111943,91],{"class":79},[61,111945,730],{"class":75},[61,111947,111948],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,111949,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,111951,111952,111954,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,111953,100],{"class":67},[61,111955,72],{"class":71},[61,111957,56646],{"class":67},[61,111959,244],{"class":75},[61,111961,111016],{"class":112},[61,111963,109],{"class":75},[61,111965,1480],{"class":112},[61,111967,116],{"class":75},[61,111969,111970],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,111971,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,111973,111974,111976,111978,111980,111982],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,111975,130],{"class":129},[61,111977,109],{"class":75},[61,111979,135],{"class":112},[61,111981,3417],{"class":75},[61,111983,111984],{"class":3420},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[61,111986,111987,111989,111991,111993,111995],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,111988,130],{"class":129},[61,111990,109],{"class":75},[61,111992,235],{"class":112},[61,111994,3417],{"class":75},[61,111996,111997],{"class":3420},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,111999,2047,112000,112002],{},[18,112001,235],{}," did not change.",[14,112004,110620],{},[26,112006,112007,112009],{},[29,112008,110625],{},[29,112010,112011],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112013,112014],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[47,112016,11228],{"id":11227},[14,112018,112019],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[52,112021,112023],{"className":54,"code":112022,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[18,112024,112025,112058,112091,112095,112115,112119,112129],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112026,112027,112030,112032,112034,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112028,112029],{"class":67},"fruits1 ",[61,112031,72],{"class":71},[61,112033,717],{"class":75},[61,112035,816],{"class":190},[61,112037,3838],{"class":194},[61,112039,816],{"class":190},[61,112041,83],{"class":75},[61,112043,522],{"class":190},[61,112045,3847],{"class":194},[61,112047,816],{"class":190},[61,112049,83],{"class":75},[61,112051,522],{"class":190},[61,112053,32976],{"class":194},[61,112055,816],{"class":190},[61,112057,730],{"class":75},[61,112059,112060,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,112061,112062],{"class":67},"fruits2 ",[61,112064,72],{"class":71},[61,112066,717],{"class":75},[61,112068,816],{"class":190},[61,112070,3847],{"class":194},[61,112072,816],{"class":190},[61,112074,83],{"class":75},[61,112076,522],{"class":190},[61,112078,22290],{"class":194},[61,112080,816],{"class":190},[61,112082,83],{"class":75},[61,112084,522],{"class":190},[61,112086,32976],{"class":194},[61,112088,816],{"class":190},[61,112090,730],{"class":75},[61,112092,112093],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,112094,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,112096,112097,112099,112101,112104,112106,112108,112110,112113],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,112098,100],{"class":67},[61,112100,72],{"class":71},[61,112102,112103],{"class":67}," fruits1",[61,112105,244],{"class":75},[61,112107,111016],{"class":112},[61,112109,109],{"class":75},[61,112111,112112],{"class":112},"fruits2",[61,112114,116],{"class":75},[61,112116,112117],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,112118,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,112120,112121,112123,112125,112127],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,112122,130],{"class":129},[61,112124,109],{"class":75},[61,112126,135],{"class":112},[61,112128,116],{"class":75},[61,112130,112131,112133,112135,112138],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,112132,130],{"class":129},[61,112134,109],{"class":75},[61,112136,112137],{"class":112},"fruits1",[61,112139,116],{"class":75},[14,112141,879],{},[52,112143,112145],{"className":54,"code":112144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[18,112146,112147,112183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112148,112149,112151,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112150,9033],{"class":75},[61,112152,198],{"class":190},[61,112154,3847],{"class":194},[61,112156,198],{"class":190},[61,112158,83],{"class":75},[61,112160,191],{"class":190},[61,112162,32976],{"class":194},[61,112164,198],{"class":190},[61,112166,83],{"class":75},[61,112168,191],{"class":190},[61,112170,3838],{"class":194},[61,112172,198],{"class":190},[61,112174,83],{"class":75},[61,112176,191],{"class":190},[61,112178,22290],{"class":194},[61,112180,198],{"class":190},[61,112182,730],{"class":75},[61,112184,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,112186,9033],{"class":75},[61,112188,198],{"class":190},[61,112190,3847],{"class":194},[61,112192,198],{"class":190},[61,112194,83],{"class":75},[61,112196,191],{"class":190},[61,112198,32976],{"class":194},[61,112200,198],{"class":190},[61,112202,83],{"class":75},[61,112204,191],{"class":190},[61,112206,3838],{"class":194},[61,112208,198],{"class":190},[61,112210,730],{"class":75},[14,112212,112213],{},"What this shows:",[26,112215,112216,112223,112226],{},[29,112217,112218,4154,112220,112222],{},[18,112219,65020],{},[18,112221,65447],{}," appear in both sets",[29,112224,112225],{},"they appear only once in the result",[29,112227,112228,112230],{},[18,112229,112137],{}," stays unchanged",[47,112232,8175,112234,100906],{"id":112233},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[18,112235,102547],{},[14,112237,112238],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[52,112240,112242],{"className":54,"code":112241,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112243,112244,112260,112276,112293,112310,112314,112341,112345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112245,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112247,110448],{"class":67},[61,112249,72],{"class":71},[61,112251,717],{"class":75},[61,112253,80],{"class":79},[61,112255,83],{"class":75},[61,112257,86],{"class":79},[61,112259,730],{"class":75},[61,112261,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,112263,110469],{"class":67},[61,112265,72],{"class":71},[61,112267,717],{"class":75},[61,112269,1821],{"class":79},[61,112271,83],{"class":75},[61,112273,91],{"class":79},[61,112275,730],{"class":75},[61,112277,112278,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,112279,112280],{"class":67},"set3 ",[61,112282,72],{"class":71},[61,112284,717],{"class":75},[61,112286,1827],{"class":79},[61,112288,83],{"class":75},[61,112290,693],{"class":79},[61,112292,730],{"class":75},[61,112294,112295,112298,112300,112302,112304,112306,112308],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,112296,112297],{"class":67},"set4 ",[61,112299,72],{"class":71},[61,112301,717],{"class":75},[61,112303,1129],{"class":79},[61,112305,83],{"class":75},[61,112307,4367],{"class":79},[61,112309,730],{"class":75},[61,112311,112312],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,112313,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,112315,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112339],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,112317,100],{"class":67},[61,112319,72],{"class":71},[61,112321,110498],{"class":67},[61,112323,244],{"class":75},[61,112325,111016],{"class":112},[61,112327,109],{"class":75},[61,112329,100342],{"class":112},[61,112331,83],{"class":75},[61,112333,100369],{"class":112},[61,112335,83],{"class":75},[61,112337,112338],{"class":112}," set4",[61,112340,116],{"class":75},[61,112342,112343],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,112344,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,112346,112347,112349,112351,112353],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,112348,130],{"class":129},[61,112350,109],{"class":75},[61,112352,135],{"class":112},[61,112354,116],{"class":75},[14,112356,879],{},[52,112358,112360],{"className":54,"code":112359,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,112361,112362],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112363,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112365,9033],{"class":75},[61,112367,80],{"class":79},[61,112369,83],{"class":75},[61,112371,86],{"class":79},[61,112373,83],{"class":75},[61,112375,91],{"class":79},[61,112377,83],{"class":75},[61,112379,693],{"class":79},[61,112381,83],{"class":75},[61,112383,4367],{"class":79},[61,112385,730],{"class":75},[14,112387,112388],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[47,112390,8175,112392,112394],{"id":112391},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[18,112393,102547],{}," with other iterables",[14,112396,112397,112399],{},[18,112398,102547],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[408,112401,112403],{"id":112402},"with-a-list","With a list",[52,112405,112407],{"className":54,"code":112406,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112408,112409,112429,112453,112457,112475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112410,112411,112413,112415,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425,112427],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112412,68],{"class":67},[61,112414,72],{"class":71},[61,112416,717],{"class":75},[61,112418,80],{"class":79},[61,112420,83],{"class":75},[61,112422,86],{"class":79},[61,112424,83],{"class":75},[61,112426,91],{"class":79},[61,112428,730],{"class":75},[61,112430,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449,112451],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,112432,60801],{"class":67},[61,112434,72],{"class":71},[61,112436,76],{"class":75},[61,112438,1827],{"class":79},[61,112440,83],{"class":75},[61,112442,693],{"class":79},[61,112444,83],{"class":75},[61,112446,4367],{"class":79},[61,112448,83],{"class":75},[61,112450,4367],{"class":79},[61,112452,94],{"class":75},[61,112454,112455],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,112456,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,112458,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,112460,100],{"class":67},[61,112462,72],{"class":71},[61,112464,4023],{"class":67},[61,112466,244],{"class":75},[61,112468,111016],{"class":112},[61,112470,109],{"class":75},[61,112472,60830],{"class":112},[61,112474,116],{"class":75},[61,112476,112477,112479,112481,112483],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,112478,130],{"class":129},[61,112480,109],{"class":75},[61,112482,135],{"class":112},[61,112484,116],{"class":75},[14,112486,879],{},[52,112488,112489],{"className":54,"code":112359,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,112490,112491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112492,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112494,9033],{"class":75},[61,112496,80],{"class":79},[61,112498,83],{"class":75},[61,112500,86],{"class":79},[61,112502,83],{"class":75},[61,112504,91],{"class":79},[61,112506,83],{"class":75},[61,112508,693],{"class":79},[61,112510,83],{"class":75},[61,112512,4367],{"class":79},[61,112514,730],{"class":75},[14,112516,20734,112517,112519],{},[18,112518,645],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[408,112521,112523],{"id":112522},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[52,112525,112527],{"className":54,"code":112526,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112528,112529,112553,112586,112590,112609],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112530,112531,112533,112535,112537,112539,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112532,35847],{"class":67},[61,112534,72],{"class":71},[61,112536,717],{"class":75},[61,112538,816],{"class":190},[61,112540,235],{"class":194},[61,112542,816],{"class":190},[61,112544,83],{"class":75},[61,112546,522],{"class":190},[61,112548,1480],{"class":194},[61,112550,816],{"class":190},[61,112552,730],{"class":75},[61,112554,112555,112558,112560,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,112556,112557],{"class":67},"more_letters ",[61,112559,72],{"class":71},[61,112561,1048],{"class":75},[61,112563,816],{"class":190},[61,112565,1480],{"class":194},[61,112567,816],{"class":190},[61,112569,83],{"class":75},[61,112571,522],{"class":190},[61,112573,573],{"class":194},[61,112575,816],{"class":190},[61,112577,83],{"class":75},[61,112579,522],{"class":190},[61,112581,18523],{"class":194},[61,112583,816],{"class":190},[61,112585,116],{"class":75},[61,112587,112588],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,112589,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,112591,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112607],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,112593,100],{"class":67},[61,112595,72],{"class":71},[61,112597,69842],{"class":67},[61,112599,244],{"class":75},[61,112601,111016],{"class":112},[61,112603,109],{"class":75},[61,112605,112606],{"class":112},"more_letters",[61,112608,116],{"class":75},[61,112610,112611,112613,112615,112617],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,112612,130],{"class":129},[61,112614,109],{"class":75},[61,112616,135],{"class":112},[61,112618,116],{"class":75},[14,112620,879],{},[52,112622,112624],{"className":54,"code":112623,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[18,112625,112626],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112627,112628,112630,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112629,9033],{"class":75},[61,112631,198],{"class":190},[61,112633,235],{"class":194},[61,112635,198],{"class":190},[61,112637,83],{"class":75},[61,112639,191],{"class":190},[61,112641,1480],{"class":194},[61,112643,198],{"class":190},[61,112645,83],{"class":75},[61,112647,191],{"class":190},[61,112649,573],{"class":194},[61,112651,198],{"class":190},[61,112653,83],{"class":75},[61,112655,191],{"class":190},[61,112657,18523],{"class":194},[61,112659,198],{"class":190},[61,112661,730],{"class":75},[408,112663,112665],{"id":112664},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112667,112668],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[52,112670,112672],{"className":54,"code":112671,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112673,112674,112699,112722,112726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112675,112676,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112677,112678],{"class":67},"chars ",[61,112680,72],{"class":71},[61,112682,717],{"class":75},[61,112684,816],{"class":190},[61,112686,235],{"class":194},[61,112688,816],{"class":190},[61,112690,83],{"class":75},[61,112692,522],{"class":190},[61,112694,1480],{"class":194},[61,112696,816],{"class":190},[61,112698,730],{"class":75},[61,112700,112701,112703,112705,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,112702,100],{"class":67},[61,112704,72],{"class":71},[61,112706,112707],{"class":67}," chars",[61,112709,244],{"class":75},[61,112711,111016],{"class":112},[61,112713,109],{"class":75},[61,112715,816],{"class":190},[61,112717,525],{"class":194},[61,112719,816],{"class":190},[61,112721,116],{"class":75},[61,112723,112724],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,112725,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,112727,112728,112730,112732,112734],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,112729,130],{"class":129},[61,112731,109],{"class":75},[61,112733,135],{"class":112},[61,112735,116],{"class":75},[14,112737,879],{},[52,112739,112741],{"className":54,"code":112740,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[18,112742,112743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112744,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755,112757,112759,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112746,9033],{"class":75},[61,112748,198],{"class":190},[61,112750,235],{"class":194},[61,112752,198],{"class":190},[61,112754,83],{"class":75},[61,112756,191],{"class":190},[61,112758,1480],{"class":194},[61,112760,198],{"class":190},[61,112762,83],{"class":75},[61,112764,191],{"class":190},[61,112766,573],{"class":194},[61,112768,198],{"class":190},[61,112770,83],{"class":75},[61,112772,191],{"class":190},[61,112774,590],{"class":194},[61,112776,198],{"class":190},[61,112778,730],{"class":75},[14,112780,21946,112781,112784],{},[18,112782,112783],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[26,112786,112787,112791,112795],{},[29,112788,112789],{},[18,112790,66227],{},[29,112792,112793],{},[18,112794,17853],{},[29,112796,112797],{},[18,112798,112799],{},"\"t\"",[47,112801,112803,10337,112805],{"id":112802},"union-vs-update",[18,112804,102547],{},[18,112806,14709],{},[14,112808,112809,4154,112811,112813],{},[18,112810,102547],{},[18,112812,14709],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[408,112815,112816],{"id":111016},[18,112817,102547],{},[26,112819,112820,112822],{},[29,112821,110378],{},[29,112823,110387],{},[52,112825,112826],{"className":54,"code":111911,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,112827,112828,112844,112860,112864,112882,112886,112898],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112829,112830,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112831,2313],{"class":67},[61,112833,72],{"class":71},[61,112835,717],{"class":75},[61,112837,80],{"class":79},[61,112839,83],{"class":75},[61,112841,86],{"class":79},[61,112843,730],{"class":75},[61,112845,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,112847,2341],{"class":67},[61,112849,72],{"class":71},[61,112851,717],{"class":75},[61,112853,1821],{"class":79},[61,112855,83],{"class":75},[61,112857,91],{"class":79},[61,112859,730],{"class":75},[61,112861,112862],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,112863,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,112865,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,112867,100],{"class":67},[61,112869,72],{"class":71},[61,112871,56646],{"class":67},[61,112873,244],{"class":75},[61,112875,111016],{"class":112},[61,112877,109],{"class":75},[61,112879,1480],{"class":112},[61,112881,116],{"class":75},[61,112883,112884],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,112885,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,112887,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,112889,130],{"class":129},[61,112891,109],{"class":75},[61,112893,135],{"class":112},[61,112895,3417],{"class":75},[61,112897,111984],{"class":3420},[61,112899,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,112901,130],{"class":129},[61,112903,109],{"class":75},[61,112905,235],{"class":112},[61,112907,3417],{"class":75},[61,112909,111997],{"class":3420},[408,112911,112912],{"id":30219},[18,112913,14709],{},[26,112915,112916,112919],{},[29,112917,112918],{},"changes the existing set in place",[29,112920,112921],{},"does not create a separate result set",[52,112923,112925],{"className":54,"code":112924,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,112926,112927,112943,112959,112963,112977,112981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112928,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112930,2313],{"class":67},[61,112932,72],{"class":71},[61,112934,717],{"class":75},[61,112936,80],{"class":79},[61,112938,83],{"class":75},[61,112940,86],{"class":79},[61,112942,730],{"class":75},[61,112944,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,112946,2341],{"class":67},[61,112948,72],{"class":71},[61,112950,717],{"class":75},[61,112952,1821],{"class":79},[61,112954,83],{"class":75},[61,112956,91],{"class":79},[61,112958,730],{"class":75},[61,112960,112961],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,112962,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,112964,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,112966,235],{"class":67},[61,112968,244],{"class":75},[61,112970,30219],{"class":112},[61,112972,109],{"class":75},[61,112974,1480],{"class":112},[61,112976,116],{"class":75},[61,112978,112979],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,112980,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,112982,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,112984,130],{"class":129},[61,112986,109],{"class":75},[61,112988,235],{"class":112},[61,112990,3417],{"class":75},[61,112992,111984],{"class":3420},[14,112994,204,112995,112997],{},[18,112996,102547],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,112999,113000,113001,244],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[235,113002,3332,113003,10492],{"href":98267},[18,113004,97062],{},[47,113006,4280],{"id":4279},[408,113008,8211,113010,113012],{"id":113009},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[18,113011,102547],{}," to change the original set",[14,113014,81573],{},[52,113016,113018],{"className":54,"code":113017,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113019,113020,113036,113052,113056,113070],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113021,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113023,2313],{"class":67},[61,113025,72],{"class":71},[61,113027,717],{"class":75},[61,113029,80],{"class":79},[61,113031,83],{"class":75},[61,113033,86],{"class":79},[61,113035,730],{"class":75},[61,113037,113038,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,113039,2341],{"class":67},[61,113041,72],{"class":71},[61,113043,717],{"class":75},[61,113045,1821],{"class":79},[61,113047,83],{"class":75},[61,113049,91],{"class":79},[61,113051,730],{"class":75},[61,113053,113054],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,113055,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,113057,113058,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,113059,235],{"class":67},[61,113061,244],{"class":75},[61,113063,111016],{"class":112},[61,113065,109],{"class":75},[61,113067,1480],{"class":112},[61,113069,116],{"class":75},[61,113071,113072,113074,113076,113078],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,113073,130],{"class":129},[61,113075,109],{"class":75},[61,113077,235],{"class":112},[61,113079,116],{"class":75},[14,113081,157],{},[52,113083,113084],{"className":54,"code":100255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,113085,113086],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113087,113088,113090,113092,113094,113096],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113089,9033],{"class":75},[61,113091,80],{"class":79},[61,113093,83],{"class":75},[61,113095,86],{"class":79},[61,113097,730],{"class":75},[14,113099,8254,113100,113102],{},[18,113101,102547],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113104,113105],{},"Fix it like this:",[52,113107,113109],{"className":54,"code":113108,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113110,113111,113127,113143,113147,113165],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113112,113113,113115,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113114,2313],{"class":67},[61,113116,72],{"class":71},[61,113118,717],{"class":75},[61,113120,80],{"class":79},[61,113122,83],{"class":75},[61,113124,86],{"class":79},[61,113126,730],{"class":75},[61,113128,113129,113131,113133,113135,113137,113139,113141],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,113130,2341],{"class":67},[61,113132,72],{"class":71},[61,113134,717],{"class":75},[61,113136,1821],{"class":79},[61,113138,83],{"class":75},[61,113140,91],{"class":79},[61,113142,730],{"class":75},[61,113144,113145],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,113146,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,113148,113149,113151,113153,113155,113157,113159,113161,113163],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,113150,2313],{"class":67},[61,113152,72],{"class":71},[61,113154,56646],{"class":67},[61,113156,244],{"class":75},[61,113158,111016],{"class":112},[61,113160,109],{"class":75},[61,113162,1480],{"class":112},[61,113164,116],{"class":75},[61,113166,113167,113169,113171,113173],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,113168,130],{"class":129},[61,113170,109],{"class":75},[61,113172,235],{"class":112},[61,113174,116],{"class":75},[408,113176,113178],{"id":113177},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113180,113181],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[52,113183,113185],{"className":54,"code":113184,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[18,113186,113187,113203,113219,113223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113188,113189,113191,113193,113195,113197,113199,113201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113190,2313],{"class":67},[61,113192,72],{"class":71},[61,113194,717],{"class":75},[61,113196,1827],{"class":79},[61,113198,83],{"class":75},[61,113200,680],{"class":79},[61,113202,730],{"class":75},[61,113204,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,113206,2341],{"class":67},[61,113208,72],{"class":71},[61,113210,717],{"class":75},[61,113212,1821],{"class":79},[61,113214,83],{"class":75},[61,113216,693],{"class":79},[61,113218,730],{"class":75},[61,113220,113221],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,113222,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,113224,113225,113227,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,113226,130],{"class":129},[61,113228,109],{"class":75},[61,113230,235],{"class":112},[61,113232,244],{"class":75},[61,113234,111016],{"class":112},[61,113236,109],{"class":75},[61,113238,1480],{"class":112},[61,113240,154],{"class":75},[14,113242,113243],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[408,113245,113247],{"id":113246},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[52,113249,113251],{"className":54,"code":113250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,113252,113253,113269,113291],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113254,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265,113267],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113256,3829],{"class":67},[61,113258,72],{"class":71},[61,113260,717],{"class":75},[61,113262,816],{"class":190},[61,113264,57886],{"class":194},[61,113266,816],{"class":190},[61,113268,730],{"class":75},[61,113270,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,113272,100],{"class":67},[61,113274,72],{"class":71},[61,113276,5927],{"class":67},[61,113278,244],{"class":75},[61,113280,111016],{"class":112},[61,113282,109],{"class":75},[61,113284,816],{"class":190},[61,113286,525],{"class":194},[61,113288,816],{"class":190},[61,113290,116],{"class":75},[61,113292,113293,113295,113297,113299],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,113294,130],{"class":129},[61,113296,109],{"class":75},[61,113298,135],{"class":112},[61,113300,116],{"class":75},[14,113302,113303,113304,1951,113306,16829,113308,113310,113311,113313],{},"This adds ",[18,113305,66227],{},[18,113307,17853],{},[18,113309,112799],{}," as separate items, not ",[18,113312,112783],{}," as one item.",[14,113315,113316],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[52,113318,113320],{"className":54,"code":113319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113321,113322,113338,113360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113323,113324,113326,113328,113330,113332,113334,113336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113325,3829],{"class":67},[61,113327,72],{"class":71},[61,113329,717],{"class":75},[61,113331,816],{"class":190},[61,113333,57886],{"class":194},[61,113335,816],{"class":190},[61,113337,730],{"class":75},[61,113339,113340,113342,113344,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,113341,100],{"class":67},[61,113343,72],{"class":71},[61,113345,5927],{"class":67},[61,113347,244],{"class":75},[61,113349,111016],{"class":112},[61,113351,1126],{"class":75},[61,113353,816],{"class":190},[61,113355,525],{"class":194},[61,113357,816],{"class":190},[61,113359,1137],{"class":75},[61,113361,113362,113364,113366,113368],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,113363,130],{"class":129},[61,113365,109],{"class":75},[61,113367,135],{"class":112},[61,113369,116],{"class":75},[408,113371,113373],{"id":113372},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113375,1245],{},[52,113377,113379],{"className":54,"code":113378,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[18,113380,113381],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113382,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399,113401,113403,113405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113384,15384],{"class":67},[61,113386,72],{"class":71},[61,113388,717],{"class":75},[61,113390,80],{"class":79},[61,113392,83],{"class":75},[61,113394,86],{"class":79},[61,113396,83],{"class":75},[61,113398,76],{"class":75},[61,113400,1827],{"class":79},[61,113402,83],{"class":75},[61,113404,693],{"class":79},[61,113406,13461],{"class":75},[14,113408,113409],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113411,113412,113413,824],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[18,113414,102547],{},[52,113416,113418],{"className":54,"code":113417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113419,113420,113436,113458],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113421,113422,113424,113426,113428,113430,113432,113434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113423,15384],{"class":67},[61,113425,72],{"class":71},[61,113427,717],{"class":75},[61,113429,80],{"class":79},[61,113431,83],{"class":75},[61,113433,86],{"class":79},[61,113435,730],{"class":75},[61,113437,113438,113440,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,113439,100],{"class":67},[61,113441,72],{"class":71},[61,113443,96672],{"class":67},[61,113445,244],{"class":75},[61,113447,111016],{"class":112},[61,113449,1126],{"class":75},[61,113451,1827],{"class":79},[61,113453,83],{"class":75},[61,113455,693],{"class":79},[61,113457,1137],{"class":75},[61,113459,113460,113462,113464,113466],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,113461,130],{"class":129},[61,113463,109],{"class":75},[61,113465,135],{"class":112},[61,113467,116],{"class":75},[47,113469,113471],{"id":113470},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113473,113474],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[26,113476,113477,113483,113490,113493],{},[29,113478,113479,113480,113482],{},"call ",[18,113481,102547],{}," without saving the returned set",[29,113484,113485,113486,8463,113488],{},"confuse ",[18,113487,102547],{},[18,113489,14709],{},[29,113491,113492],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[29,113494,113495],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113497,113498,113499,4154,113503,244],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[235,113500,3332,113501,10492],{"href":102536},[18,113502,106320],{},[235,113504,3332,113506,10492],{"href":113505},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[18,113507,100167],{},[14,113509,62048],{},[52,113511,113513],{"className":54,"code":113512,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[18,113514,113515,113525,113539,113549],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113516,113517,113519,113521,113523],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113518,130],{"class":129},[61,113520,109],{"class":75},[61,113522,15422],{"class":112},[61,113524,116],{"class":75},[61,113526,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535,113537],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,113528,130],{"class":129},[61,113530,109],{"class":75},[61,113532,147],{"class":105},[61,113534,109],{"class":75},[61,113536,15422],{"class":112},[61,113538,154],{"class":75},[61,113540,113541,113543,113545,113547],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,113542,130],{"class":129},[61,113544,109],{"class":75},[61,113546,135],{"class":112},[61,113548,116],{"class":75},[61,113550,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559,113561],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,113552,31908],{"class":129},[61,113554,109],{"class":75},[61,113556,6046],{"class":105},[61,113558,244],{"class":75},[61,113560,111016],{"class":24507},[61,113562,116],{"class":75},[47,113564,1620],{"id":1619},[408,113566,12459,113568,102487],{"id":113567},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[18,113569,107790],{},[14,113571,102490],{},[408,113573,4933,113575,113577],{"id":113574},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[18,113576,102547],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113579,113580],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[408,113582,28085,113584,113586],{"id":113583},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[18,113585,102547],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113588,41909,113589,113591],{},[18,113590,102547],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[408,113593,113595],{"id":113594},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113597,113598],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[408,113600,4943,113602,4154,113604,2251],{"id":113601},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[18,113603,102547],{},[18,113605,113606],{},"|",[14,113608,113609,113610,113612,113613,113615],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[18,113611,113606],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[18,113614,102547],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[47,113617,1664],{"id":1663},[26,113619,113620,113624,113630,113636,113642],{},[29,113621,113622],{},[235,113623,96076],{"href":97247},[29,113625,113626],{},[235,113627,3332,113628,10492],{"href":98267},[18,113629,97062],{},[29,113631,113632],{},[235,113633,3332,113634,10492],{"href":102536},[18,113635,106320],{},[29,113637,113638],{},[235,113639,3332,113640,10492],{"href":113505},[18,113641,100167],{},[29,113643,113644],{},[235,113645,100092],{"href":98825},[1693,113647,113648],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":113650},[113651,113652,113654,113655,113656,113657,113659,113665,113670,113677,113678,113689],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":111746,"depth":97,"text":113653},"What set.union() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":21726,"depth":97,"text":21727},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":112233,"depth":97,"text":113658},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112391,"depth":97,"text":113660,"children":113661},"Using union() with other iterables",[113662,113663,113664],{"id":112402,"depth":119,"text":112403},{"id":112522,"depth":119,"text":112523},{"id":112664,"depth":119,"text":112665},{"id":112802,"depth":97,"text":113666,"children":113667},"union() vs update()",[113668,113669],{"id":111016,"depth":119,"text":102547},{"id":30219,"depth":119,"text":14709},{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":113671},[113672,113674,113675,113676],{"id":113009,"depth":119,"text":113673},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113177,"depth":119,"text":113178},{"id":113246,"depth":119,"text":113247},{"id":113372,"depth":119,"text":113373},{"id":113470,"depth":97,"text":113471},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":113679},[113680,113682,113684,113686,113687],{"id":113567,"depth":119,"text":113681},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113574,"depth":119,"text":113683},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113583,"depth":119,"text":113685},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113594,"depth":119,"text":113595},{"id":113601,"depth":119,"text":113688},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111626,"description":113690},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113696,"title":113697,"body":113698,"description":115585,"extension":1727,"meta":115586,"navigation":122,"path":96561,"seo":115587,"stem":115588,"__hash__":115589},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113699,"toc":115551},[113700,113705,113710,113718,113720,113778,113783,113788,113792,113804,113807,113881,113886,113888,113890,113909,113911,113928,113931,113958,113960,114030,114034,114036,114042,114044,114105,114110,114112,114169,114173,114178,114243,114245,114265,114272,114276,114281,114366,114369,114376,114479,114483,114488,114546,114549,114560,114574,114581,114639,114646,114649,114659,114663,114721,114725,114791,114794,114852,114859,114866,114869,114873,114882,114951,114955,114961,115049,115059,115061,115065,115069,115072,115133,115138,115195,115199,115201,115236,115243,115245,115299,115306,115310,115313,115378,115387,115393,115450,115452,115457,115461,115465,115468,115475,115483,115487,115492,115496,115502,115504,115539,115548],[10,113701,95948,113703,11075],{"id":113702},"python-set-update-method",[18,113704,14709],{},[14,113706,113707,113709],{},[18,113708,97062],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113711,113712,113713,113717],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[235,113714,113715],{"href":98248},[18,113716,95956],{},", which adds only one item.",[47,113719,3366],{"id":3365},[52,113721,113723],{"className":54,"code":113722,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,113724,113725,113741,113763,113773],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113726,113727,113729,113731,113733,113735,113737,113739],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113728,68],{"class":67},[61,113730,72],{"class":71},[61,113732,717],{"class":75},[61,113734,80],{"class":79},[61,113736,83],{"class":75},[61,113738,86],{"class":79},[61,113740,730],{"class":75},[61,113742,113743,113745,113747,113749,113751,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,113744,113],{"class":67},[61,113746,244],{"class":75},[61,113748,30219],{"class":112},[61,113750,1126],{"class":75},[61,113752,1821],{"class":79},[61,113754,83],{"class":75},[61,113756,91],{"class":79},[61,113758,83],{"class":75},[61,113760,693],{"class":79},[61,113762,1137],{"class":75},[61,113764,113765,113767,113769,113771],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,113766,130],{"class":129},[61,113768,109],{"class":75},[61,113770,113],{"class":112},[61,113772,116],{"class":75},[61,113774,113775],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,113776,113777],{"class":3420},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,113779,204,113780,113782],{},[18,113781,14709],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[47,113784,3435,113786,3438],{"id":113785},"what-setupdate-does",[18,113787,97062],{},[14,113789,113790,824],{},[18,113791,97062],{},[26,113793,113794,113797,113799,113802],{},[29,113795,113796],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[29,113798,96063],{},[29,113800,113801],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[29,113803,96066],{},[14,113805,113806],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[52,113808,113810],{"className":54,"code":113809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,113811,113812,113836,113862,113866,113876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113813,113814,113816,113818,113820,113822,113824,113826,113828,113830,113832,113834],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113815,12831],{"class":67},[61,113817,72],{"class":71},[61,113819,717],{"class":75},[61,113821,816],{"class":190},[61,113823,12848],{"class":194},[61,113825,816],{"class":190},[61,113827,83],{"class":75},[61,113829,522],{"class":190},[61,113831,12865],{"class":194},[61,113833,816],{"class":190},[61,113835,730],{"class":75},[61,113837,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856,113858,113860],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,113839,17259],{"class":67},[61,113841,244],{"class":75},[61,113843,30219],{"class":112},[61,113845,1126],{"class":75},[61,113847,816],{"class":190},[61,113849,12865],{"class":194},[61,113851,816],{"class":190},[61,113853,83],{"class":75},[61,113855,522],{"class":190},[61,113857,17212],{"class":194},[61,113859,816],{"class":190},[61,113861,1137],{"class":75},[61,113863,113864],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,113865,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,113867,113868,113870,113872,113874],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,113869,130],{"class":129},[61,113871,109],{"class":75},[61,113873,17259],{"class":112},[61,113875,116],{"class":75},[61,113877,113878],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,113879,113880],{"class":3420},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,113882,20734,113883,113885],{},[18,113884,110781],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[47,113887,248],{"id":247},[14,113889,6979],{},[52,113891,113893],{"className":54,"code":113892,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[18,113894,113895],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113896,113897,113899,113901,113903,113905,113907],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113898,15422],{"class":67},[61,113900,244],{"class":75},[61,113902,30219],{"class":112},[61,113904,109],{"class":75},[61,113906,272],{"class":112},[61,113908,116],{"class":75},[14,113910,79949],{},[26,113912,113913,113916,113919,113922,113925],{},[29,113914,113915],{},"A list",[29,113917,113918],{},"A tuple",[29,113920,113921],{},"Another set",[29,113923,113924],{},"A string",[29,113926,113927],{},"Any other iterable",[14,113929,113930],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[52,113932,113934],{"className":54,"code":113933,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[18,113935,113936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113937,113938,113940,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950,113952,113954,113956],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113939,15422],{"class":67},[61,113941,244],{"class":75},[61,113943,30219],{"class":112},[61,113945,109],{"class":75},[61,113947,235],{"class":112},[61,113949,83],{"class":75},[61,113951,2318],{"class":112},[61,113953,83],{"class":75},[61,113955,9434],{"class":112},[61,113957,116],{"class":75},[14,113959,1109],{},[52,113961,113963],{"className":54,"code":113962,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[18,113964,113965,113977,114011,114015,114025],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113966,113967,113969,113971,113973,113975],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113968,712],{"class":67},[61,113970,72],{"class":71},[61,113972,717],{"class":75},[61,113974,80],{"class":79},[61,113976,730],{"class":75},[61,113978,113979,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997,113999,114001,114003,114005,114007,114009],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,113980,743],{"class":67},[61,113982,244],{"class":75},[61,113984,30219],{"class":112},[61,113986,1126],{"class":75},[61,113988,1821],{"class":79},[61,113990,83],{"class":75},[61,113992,91],{"class":79},[61,113994,17819],{"class":75},[61,113996,1048],{"class":75},[61,113998,1129],{"class":79},[61,114000,83],{"class":75},[61,114002,4367],{"class":79},[61,114004,1045],{"class":75},[61,114006,717],{"class":75},[61,114008,80340],{"class":79},[61,114010,30251],{"class":75},[61,114012,114013],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,114014,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114016,114017,114019,114021,114023],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,114018,130],{"class":129},[61,114020,109],{"class":75},[61,114022,743],{"class":112},[61,114024,116],{"class":75},[61,114026,114027],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,114028,114029],{"class":3420},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114031,96072,114032,244],{},[235,114033,96080],{"href":97631},[47,114035,21727],{"id":21726},[14,114037,114038,2158,114040,244],{},[18,114039,97062],{},[18,114041,3536],{},[14,114043,11468],{},[52,114045,114047],{"className":54,"code":114046,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,114048,114049,114065,114087,114091,114101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114050,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059,114061,114063],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114052,68],{"class":67},[61,114054,72],{"class":71},[61,114056,717],{"class":75},[61,114058,80],{"class":79},[61,114060,83],{"class":75},[61,114062,86],{"class":79},[61,114064,730],{"class":75},[61,114066,114067,114069,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114068,100],{"class":67},[61,114070,72],{"class":71},[61,114072,4023],{"class":67},[61,114074,244],{"class":75},[61,114076,30219],{"class":112},[61,114078,1126],{"class":75},[61,114080,1827],{"class":79},[61,114082,83],{"class":75},[61,114084,693],{"class":79},[61,114086,1137],{"class":75},[61,114088,114089],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,114090,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114092,114093,114095,114097,114099],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,114094,130],{"class":129},[61,114096,109],{"class":75},[61,114098,135],{"class":112},[61,114100,116],{"class":75},[61,114102,114103],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,114104,61585],{"class":3420},[14,114106,114107,114108,244],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[18,114109,135],{},[14,114111,18724],{},[52,114113,114115],{"className":54,"code":114114,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114116,114117,114133,114151,114155,114165],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114118,114119,114121,114123,114125,114127,114129,114131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114120,68],{"class":67},[61,114122,72],{"class":71},[61,114124,717],{"class":75},[61,114126,80],{"class":79},[61,114128,83],{"class":75},[61,114130,86],{"class":79},[61,114132,730],{"class":75},[61,114134,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145,114147,114149],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114136,113],{"class":67},[61,114138,244],{"class":75},[61,114140,30219],{"class":112},[61,114142,1126],{"class":75},[61,114144,1827],{"class":79},[61,114146,83],{"class":75},[61,114148,693],{"class":79},[61,114150,1137],{"class":75},[61,114152,114153],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,114154,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114156,114157,114159,114161,114163],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,114158,130],{"class":129},[61,114160,109],{"class":75},[61,114162,113],{"class":112},[61,114164,116],{"class":75},[61,114166,114167],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,114168,113777],{"class":3420},[47,114170,114172],{"id":114171},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114174,114175,114176,244],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[18,114177,14709],{},[52,114179,114181],{"className":54,"code":114180,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114182,114183,114199,114225,114229,114239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114184,114185,114187,114189,114191,114193,114195,114197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114186,68],{"class":67},[61,114188,72],{"class":71},[61,114190,717],{"class":75},[61,114192,80],{"class":79},[61,114194,83],{"class":75},[61,114196,86],{"class":79},[61,114198,730],{"class":75},[61,114200,114201,114203,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217,114219,114221,114223],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114202,113],{"class":67},[61,114204,244],{"class":75},[61,114206,30219],{"class":112},[61,114208,1126],{"class":75},[61,114210,1821],{"class":79},[61,114212,83],{"class":75},[61,114214,91],{"class":79},[61,114216,83],{"class":75},[61,114218,693],{"class":79},[61,114220,83],{"class":75},[61,114222,693],{"class":79},[61,114224,1137],{"class":75},[61,114226,114227],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,114228,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114230,114231,114233,114235,114237],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,114232,130],{"class":129},[61,114234,109],{"class":75},[61,114236,113],{"class":112},[61,114238,116],{"class":75},[61,114240,114241],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,114242,113777],{"class":3420},[14,114244,11437],{},[26,114246,114247,114252,114259],{},[29,114248,114249,114251],{},[18,114250,1821],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[29,114253,114254,4154,114256,114258],{},[18,114255,1827],{},[18,114257,1129],{}," are added",[29,114260,114261,114262,114264],{},"The second ",[18,114263,1129],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114266,114267,114268,114271],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[235,114269,114270],{"href":98825},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[47,114273,114275],{"id":114274},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114277,7522,114278,114280],{},[18,114279,14709],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[52,114282,114284],{"className":54,"code":114283,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,114285,114286,114307,114328,114332,114348,114352,114362],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114287,114288,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114289,114290],{"class":67},"set_a ",[61,114292,72],{"class":71},[61,114294,717],{"class":75},[61,114296,80],{"class":79},[61,114298,83],{"class":75},[61,114300,86],{"class":79},[61,114302,83],{"class":75},[61,114304,91],{"class":79},[61,114306,730],{"class":75},[61,114308,114309,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114310,114311],{"class":67},"set_b ",[61,114313,72],{"class":71},[61,114315,717],{"class":75},[61,114317,1827],{"class":79},[61,114319,83],{"class":75},[61,114321,693],{"class":79},[61,114323,83],{"class":75},[61,114325,4367],{"class":79},[61,114327,730],{"class":75},[61,114329,114330],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,114331,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114333,114334,114337,114339,114341,114343,114346],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,114335,114336],{"class":67},"set_a",[61,114338,244],{"class":75},[61,114340,30219],{"class":112},[61,114342,109],{"class":75},[61,114344,114345],{"class":112},"set_b",[61,114347,116],{"class":75},[61,114349,114350],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,114351,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114353,114354,114356,114358,114360],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,114355,130],{"class":129},[61,114357,109],{"class":75},[61,114359,114336],{"class":112},[61,114361,116],{"class":75},[61,114363,114364],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,114365,111738],{"class":3420},[14,114367,114368],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114370,114371,114372,244],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[235,114373,114374],{"href":102544},[18,114375,107790],{},[52,114377,114379],{"className":54,"code":114378,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114380,114381,114401,114421,114425,114445,114449,114460,114464,114474],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114382,114383,114385,114387,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114384,114290],{"class":67},[61,114386,72],{"class":71},[61,114388,717],{"class":75},[61,114390,80],{"class":79},[61,114392,83],{"class":75},[61,114394,86],{"class":79},[61,114396,83],{"class":75},[61,114398,91],{"class":79},[61,114400,730],{"class":75},[61,114402,114403,114405,114407,114409,114411,114413,114415,114417,114419],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114404,114311],{"class":67},[61,114406,72],{"class":71},[61,114408,717],{"class":75},[61,114410,1827],{"class":79},[61,114412,83],{"class":75},[61,114414,693],{"class":79},[61,114416,83],{"class":75},[61,114418,4367],{"class":79},[61,114420,730],{"class":75},[61,114422,114423],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,114424,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114426,114427,114430,114432,114435,114437,114439,114441,114443],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,114428,114429],{"class":67},"combined ",[61,114431,72],{"class":71},[61,114433,114434],{"class":67}," set_a",[61,114436,244],{"class":75},[61,114438,111016],{"class":112},[61,114440,109],{"class":75},[61,114442,114345],{"class":112},[61,114444,116],{"class":75},[61,114446,114447],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,114448,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114450,114451,114453,114455,114458],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,114452,130],{"class":129},[61,114454,109],{"class":75},[61,114456,114457],{"class":112},"combined",[61,114459,116],{"class":75},[61,114461,114462],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,114463,111738],{"class":3420},[61,114465,114466,114468,114470,114472],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,114467,130],{"class":129},[61,114469,109],{"class":75},[61,114471,114336],{"class":112},[61,114473,116],{"class":75},[61,114475,114476],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,114477,114478],{"class":3420},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[47,114480,114482],{"id":114481},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114484,64485,114485,114487],{},[18,114486,14709],{}," adds each character separately.",[52,114489,114491],{"className":54,"code":114490,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[18,114492,114493,114509,114527,114531,114541],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114494,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503,114505,114507],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114496,35847],{"class":67},[61,114498,72],{"class":71},[61,114500,717],{"class":75},[61,114502,816],{"class":190},[61,114504,1936],{"class":194},[61,114506,816],{"class":190},[61,114508,730],{"class":75},[61,114510,114511,114513,114515,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114512,35900],{"class":67},[61,114514,244],{"class":75},[61,114516,30219],{"class":112},[61,114518,109],{"class":75},[61,114520,816],{"class":190},[61,114522,525],{"class":194},[61,114524,816],{"class":190},[61,114526,116],{"class":75},[61,114528,114529],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,114530,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114532,114533,114535,114537,114539],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,114534,130],{"class":129},[61,114536,109],{"class":75},[61,114538,35900],{"class":112},[61,114540,116],{"class":75},[61,114542,114543],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,114544,114545],{"class":3420},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114547,114548],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114550,114551,601,114554,114556,114557,114559],{},[18,114552,114553],{},"update(\"cat\")",[603,114555,605],{}," add ",[18,114558,112783],{}," as one item. It adds:",[26,114561,114562,114566,114570],{},[29,114563,114564],{},[18,114565,66227],{},[29,114567,114568],{},[18,114569,17853],{},[29,114571,114572],{},[18,114573,112799],{},[14,114575,114576,114577,824],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[235,114578,114579],{"href":98248},[18,114580,95956],{},[52,114582,114584],{"className":54,"code":114583,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,114585,114586,114602,114620,114624,114634],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114587,114588,114590,114592,114594,114596,114598,114600],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114589,3829],{"class":67},[61,114591,72],{"class":71},[61,114593,717],{"class":75},[61,114595,816],{"class":190},[61,114597,57886],{"class":194},[61,114599,816],{"class":190},[61,114601,730],{"class":75},[61,114603,114604,114606,114608,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114605,3873],{"class":67},[61,114607,244],{"class":75},[61,114609,81852],{"class":112},[61,114611,109],{"class":75},[61,114613,816],{"class":190},[61,114615,525],{"class":194},[61,114617,816],{"class":190},[61,114619,116],{"class":75},[61,114621,114622],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,114623,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114625,114626,114628,114630,114632],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,114627,130],{"class":129},[61,114629,109],{"class":75},[61,114631,3873],{"class":112},[61,114633,116],{"class":75},[61,114635,114636],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,114637,114638],{"class":3420},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[47,114640,114642,10337,114644],{"id":114641},"update-vs-add",[18,114643,14709],{},[18,114645,95951],{},[14,114647,114648],{},"The difference is simple:",[26,114650,114651,114655],{},[29,114652,114653,96550],{},[18,114654,95951],{},[29,114656,114657,96555],{},[18,114658,14709],{},[14,114660,45798,114661,824],{},[18,114662,95951],{},[52,114664,114666],{"className":54,"code":114665,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[18,114667,114668,114684,114702,114706,114716],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114669,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114671,35995],{"class":67},[61,114673,72],{"class":71},[61,114675,717],{"class":75},[61,114677,816],{"class":190},[61,114679,3838],{"class":194},[61,114681,816],{"class":190},[61,114683,730],{"class":75},[61,114685,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114687,36047],{"class":67},[61,114689,244],{"class":75},[61,114691,81852],{"class":112},[61,114693,109],{"class":75},[61,114695,816],{"class":190},[61,114697,3847],{"class":194},[61,114699,816],{"class":190},[61,114701,116],{"class":75},[61,114703,114704],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,114705,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114707,114708,114710,114712,114714],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,114709,130],{"class":129},[61,114711,109],{"class":75},[61,114713,36047],{"class":112},[61,114715,116],{"class":75},[61,114717,114718],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,114719,114720],{"class":3420},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114722,45798,114723,824],{},[18,114724,14709],{},[52,114726,114728],{"className":54,"code":114727,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[18,114729,114730,114746,114772,114776,114786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114731,114732,114734,114736,114738,114740,114742,114744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114733,35995],{"class":67},[61,114735,72],{"class":71},[61,114737,717],{"class":75},[61,114739,816],{"class":190},[61,114741,3838],{"class":194},[61,114743,816],{"class":190},[61,114745,730],{"class":75},[61,114747,114748,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114749,36047],{"class":67},[61,114751,244],{"class":75},[61,114753,30219],{"class":112},[61,114755,1126],{"class":75},[61,114757,816],{"class":190},[61,114759,3847],{"class":194},[61,114761,816],{"class":190},[61,114763,83],{"class":75},[61,114765,522],{"class":190},[61,114767,32976],{"class":194},[61,114769,816],{"class":190},[61,114771,1137],{"class":75},[61,114773,114774],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,114775,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114777,114778,114780,114782,114784],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,114779,130],{"class":129},[61,114781,109],{"class":75},[61,114783,36047],{"class":112},[61,114785,116],{"class":75},[61,114787,114788],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,114789,114790],{"class":3420},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,114792,114793],{},"Important warning with strings:",[52,114795,114797],{"className":54,"code":114796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[18,114798,114799,114815,114833,114837,114847],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114800,114801,114803,114805,114807,114809,114811,114813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114802,35995],{"class":67},[61,114804,72],{"class":71},[61,114806,717],{"class":75},[61,114808,816],{"class":190},[61,114810,3838],{"class":194},[61,114812,816],{"class":190},[61,114814,730],{"class":75},[61,114816,114817,114819,114821,114823,114825,114827,114829,114831],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114818,36047],{"class":67},[61,114820,244],{"class":75},[61,114822,30219],{"class":112},[61,114824,109],{"class":75},[61,114826,816],{"class":190},[61,114828,38097],{"class":194},[61,114830,816],{"class":190},[61,114832,116],{"class":75},[61,114834,114835],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,114836,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114838,114839,114841,114843,114845],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,114840,130],{"class":129},[61,114842,109],{"class":75},[61,114844,36047],{"class":112},[61,114846,116],{"class":75},[61,114848,114849],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,114850,114851],{"class":3420},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,114853,61860,114854,61933,114857,6391],{},[18,114855,114856],{},"\"kiwi\"",[18,114858,95951],{},[47,114860,114862,10337,114864],{"id":114861},"update-vs-union",[18,114863,14709],{},[18,114865,102547],{},[14,114867,114868],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[408,114870,114871],{"id":30219},[18,114872,14709],{},[26,114874,114875,114878],{},[29,114876,114877],{},"Changes the existing set",[29,114879,11177,114880],{},[18,114881,3536],{},[52,114883,114885],{"className":54,"code":114884,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114886,114887,114903,114919,114923,114937,114947],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114888,114889,114891,114893,114895,114897,114899,114901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114890,2313],{"class":67},[61,114892,72],{"class":71},[61,114894,717],{"class":75},[61,114896,80],{"class":79},[61,114898,83],{"class":75},[61,114900,86],{"class":79},[61,114902,730],{"class":75},[61,114904,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114906,2341],{"class":67},[61,114908,72],{"class":71},[61,114910,717],{"class":75},[61,114912,1821],{"class":79},[61,114914,83],{"class":75},[61,114916,91],{"class":79},[61,114918,730],{"class":75},[61,114920,114921],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,114922,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,114924,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,114926,235],{"class":67},[61,114928,244],{"class":75},[61,114930,30219],{"class":112},[61,114932,109],{"class":75},[61,114934,1480],{"class":112},[61,114936,116],{"class":75},[61,114938,114939,114941,114943,114945],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,114940,130],{"class":129},[61,114942,109],{"class":75},[61,114944,235],{"class":112},[61,114946,116],{"class":75},[61,114948,114949],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,114950,114478],{"class":3420},[408,114952,114953],{"id":111016},[18,114954,102547],{},[26,114956,114957,114959],{},[29,114958,101085],{},[29,114960,101088],{},[52,114962,114964],{"className":54,"code":114963,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[18,114965,114966,114982,114998,115002,115020,115030,115034,115044],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114967,114968,114970,114972,114974,114976,114978,114980],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114969,2313],{"class":67},[61,114971,72],{"class":71},[61,114973,717],{"class":75},[61,114975,80],{"class":79},[61,114977,83],{"class":75},[61,114979,86],{"class":79},[61,114981,730],{"class":75},[61,114983,114984,114986,114988,114990,114992,114994,114996],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,114985,2341],{"class":67},[61,114987,72],{"class":71},[61,114989,717],{"class":75},[61,114991,1821],{"class":79},[61,114993,83],{"class":75},[61,114995,91],{"class":79},[61,114997,730],{"class":75},[61,114999,115000],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,115001,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,115003,115004,115006,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016,115018],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,115005,82931],{"class":67},[61,115007,72],{"class":71},[61,115009,56646],{"class":67},[61,115011,244],{"class":75},[61,115013,111016],{"class":112},[61,115015,109],{"class":75},[61,115017,1480],{"class":112},[61,115019,116],{"class":75},[61,115021,115022,115024,115026,115028],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,115023,130],{"class":129},[61,115025,109],{"class":75},[61,115027,573],{"class":112},[61,115029,116],{"class":75},[61,115031,115032],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,115033,114478],{"class":3420},[61,115035,115036,115038,115040,115042],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,115037,130],{"class":129},[61,115039,109],{"class":75},[61,115041,235],{"class":112},[61,115043,116],{"class":75},[61,115045,115046],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,115047,115048],{"class":3420},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115050,107432,115051,115053,115054,115058],{},[18,115052,14709],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[235,115055,115056],{"href":102544},[18,115057,102547],{}," when you want a new set.",[47,115060,1235],{"id":1234},[14,115062,10499,115063,244],{},[18,115064,97062],{},[408,115066,115068],{"id":115067},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115070,115071],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[52,115073,115075],{"className":54,"code":115074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,115076,115077,115093,115115,115119,115129],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115078,115079,115081,115083,115085,115087,115089,115091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115080,15384],{"class":67},[61,115082,72],{"class":71},[61,115084,717],{"class":75},[61,115086,80],{"class":79},[61,115088,83],{"class":75},[61,115090,86],{"class":79},[61,115092,730],{"class":75},[61,115094,115095,115097,115099,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115096,100],{"class":67},[61,115098,72],{"class":71},[61,115100,96672],{"class":67},[61,115102,244],{"class":75},[61,115104,30219],{"class":112},[61,115106,1126],{"class":75},[61,115108,1827],{"class":79},[61,115110,83],{"class":75},[61,115112,693],{"class":79},[61,115114,1137],{"class":75},[61,115116,115117],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,115118,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,115120,115121,115123,115125,115127],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,115122,130],{"class":129},[61,115124,109],{"class":75},[61,115126,135],{"class":112},[61,115128,116],{"class":75},[61,115130,115131],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,115132,61585],{"class":3420},[14,115134,115135,115136,824],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[18,115137,14709],{},[52,115139,115141],{"className":54,"code":115140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,115142,115143,115159,115177,115181,115191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115144,115145,115147,115149,115151,115153,115155,115157],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115146,15384],{"class":67},[61,115148,72],{"class":71},[61,115150,717],{"class":75},[61,115152,80],{"class":79},[61,115154,83],{"class":75},[61,115156,86],{"class":79},[61,115158,730],{"class":75},[61,115160,115161,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115162,15422],{"class":67},[61,115164,244],{"class":75},[61,115166,30219],{"class":112},[61,115168,1126],{"class":75},[61,115170,1827],{"class":79},[61,115172,83],{"class":75},[61,115174,693],{"class":79},[61,115176,1137],{"class":75},[61,115178,115179],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,115180,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,115182,115183,115185,115187,115189],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,115184,130],{"class":129},[61,115186,109],{"class":75},[61,115188,15422],{"class":112},[61,115190,116],{"class":75},[61,115192,115193],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,115194,113777],{"class":3420},[408,115196,115198],{"id":115197},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115200,1245],{},[52,115202,115204],{"className":54,"code":115203,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[18,115205,115206,115222],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115207,115208,115210,115212,115214,115216,115218,115220],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115209,15384],{"class":67},[61,115211,72],{"class":71},[61,115213,717],{"class":75},[61,115215,80],{"class":79},[61,115217,83],{"class":75},[61,115219,86],{"class":79},[61,115221,730],{"class":75},[61,115223,115224,115226,115228,115230,115232,115234],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115225,15422],{"class":67},[61,115227,244],{"class":75},[61,115229,30219],{"class":112},[61,115231,109],{"class":75},[61,115233,645],{"class":79},[61,115235,116],{"class":75},[14,115237,62039,115238,8360,115240,115242],{},[18,115239,1272],{},[18,115241,645],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115244,6314],{},[52,115246,115248],{"className":54,"code":115247,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[18,115249,115250,115266,115280,115284,115294],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115251,115252,115254,115256,115258,115260,115262,115264],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115253,15384],{"class":67},[61,115255,72],{"class":71},[61,115257,717],{"class":75},[61,115259,80],{"class":79},[61,115261,83],{"class":75},[61,115263,86],{"class":79},[61,115265,730],{"class":75},[61,115267,115268,115270,115272,115274,115276,115278],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115269,15422],{"class":67},[61,115271,244],{"class":75},[61,115273,30219],{"class":112},[61,115275,1126],{"class":75},[61,115277,645],{"class":79},[61,115279,1137],{"class":75},[61,115281,115282],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,115283,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,115285,115286,115288,115290,115292],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,115287,130],{"class":129},[61,115289,109],{"class":75},[61,115291,15422],{"class":112},[61,115293,116],{"class":75},[61,115295,115296],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,115297,115298],{"class":3420},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115300,45671,115301,244],{},[235,115302,25436,115303],{"href":1299},[18,115304,115305],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[408,115307,115309],{"id":115308},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115311,115312],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[52,115314,115316],{"className":54,"code":115315,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115317,115318,115334,115360,115364,115374],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115319,115320,115322,115324,115326,115328,115330,115332],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115321,15384],{"class":67},[61,115323,72],{"class":71},[61,115325,717],{"class":75},[61,115327,80],{"class":79},[61,115329,83],{"class":75},[61,115331,86],{"class":79},[61,115333,730],{"class":75},[61,115335,115336,115338,115340,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356,115358],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115337,15422],{"class":67},[61,115339,244],{"class":75},[61,115341,30219],{"class":112},[61,115343,1126],{"class":75},[61,115345,1821],{"class":79},[61,115347,83],{"class":75},[61,115349,86],{"class":79},[61,115351,83],{"class":75},[61,115353,86],{"class":79},[61,115355,83],{"class":75},[61,115357,91],{"class":79},[61,115359,1137],{"class":75},[61,115361,115362],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,115363,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,115365,115366,115368,115370,115372],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,115367,130],{"class":129},[61,115369,109],{"class":75},[61,115371,15422],{"class":112},[61,115373,116],{"class":75},[61,115375,115376],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,115377,114478],{"class":3420},[408,115379,115381,115382,44387,115384,115386],{"id":115380},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[18,115383,14709],{},[18,115385,95951],{}," is better",[14,115388,115389,115390,115392],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[18,115391,95951],{}," is usually the better choice.",[52,115394,115396],{"className":54,"code":115395,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,115397,115398,115414,115432,115436,115446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115399,115400,115402,115404,115406,115408,115410,115412],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115401,15384],{"class":67},[61,115403,72],{"class":71},[61,115405,717],{"class":75},[61,115407,816],{"class":190},[61,115409,57886],{"class":194},[61,115411,816],{"class":190},[61,115413,730],{"class":75},[61,115415,115416,115418,115420,115422,115424,115426,115428,115430],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115417,15422],{"class":67},[61,115419,244],{"class":75},[61,115421,81852],{"class":112},[61,115423,109],{"class":75},[61,115425,816],{"class":190},[61,115427,525],{"class":194},[61,115429,816],{"class":190},[61,115431,116],{"class":75},[61,115433,115434],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,115435,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,115437,115438,115440,115442,115444],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,115439,130],{"class":129},[61,115441,109],{"class":75},[61,115443,15422],{"class":112},[61,115445,116],{"class":75},[61,115447,115448],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,115449,114638],{"class":3420},[47,115451,1620],{"id":1619},[408,115453,12459,115455,97041],{"id":115454},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[18,115456,97062],{},[14,115458,97044,115459,244],{},[18,115460,3536],{},[408,115462,28085,115463,31982],{"id":31979},[18,115464,14709],{},[14,115466,115467],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[408,115469,4943,115471,4154,115473,2251],{"id":115470},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[18,115472,95951],{},[18,115474,14709],{},[14,115476,115477,115479,115480,115482],{},[18,115478,95951],{}," adds one item. ",[18,115481,14709],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[408,115484,115486],{"id":115485},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115488,115489,115490,114487],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[18,115491,14709],{},[408,115493,115495],{"id":115494},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115497,204,115498,10844,115500,244],{},[18,115499,102547],{},[18,115501,14709],{},[47,115503,1664],{"id":1663},[26,115505,115506,115513,115520,115526,115532],{},[29,115507,115508],{},[235,115509,115510],{"href":98248},[18,115511,115512],{},"Python set add() method",[29,115514,115515],{},[235,115516,115517],{"href":102544},[18,115518,115519],{},"Python set union() method",[29,115521,115522],{},[235,115523,115524],{"href":97631},[18,115525,97086],{},[29,115527,115528],{},[235,115529,115530],{"href":98825},[18,115531,100092],{},[29,115533,115534],{},[235,115535,115536,115538],{"href":1299},[18,115537,115305],{}," fix",[14,115540,115541,115542,115544,115545,115547],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[18,115543,95956],{}," for a single value and ",[18,115546,107790],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1693,115549,115550],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":115552},[115553,115554,115556,115557,115558,115559,115560,115561,115563,115568,115575,115584],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":113785,"depth":97,"text":115555},"What set.update() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":21726,"depth":97,"text":21727},{"id":114171,"depth":97,"text":114172},{"id":114274,"depth":97,"text":114275},{"id":114481,"depth":97,"text":114482},{"id":114641,"depth":97,"text":115562},"update() vs add()",{"id":114861,"depth":97,"text":115564,"children":115565},"update() vs union()",[115566,115567],{"id":30219,"depth":119,"text":14709},{"id":111016,"depth":119,"text":102547},{"id":1234,"depth":97,"text":1235,"children":115569},[115570,115571,115572,115573],{"id":115067,"depth":119,"text":115068},{"id":115197,"depth":119,"text":115198},{"id":115308,"depth":119,"text":115309},{"id":115380,"depth":119,"text":115574},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":115576},[115577,115579,115580,115582,115583],{"id":115454,"depth":119,"text":115578},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31979,"depth":119,"text":32052},{"id":115470,"depth":119,"text":115581},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115485,"depth":119,"text":115486},{"id":115494,"depth":119,"text":115495},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113697,"description":115585},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115591,"title":115592,"body":115593,"description":117358,"extension":1727,"meta":117359,"navigation":122,"path":13545,"seo":117360,"stem":117361,"__hash__":117362},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115594,"toc":117333},[115595,115598,115601,115604,115615,115623,115626,115628,115777,115789,115793,115810,115814,115822,115824,115835,115837,115934,115940,115943,116039,116048,116053,116057,116062,116064,116074,116076,116185,116193,116197,116200,116203,116220,116225,116305,116308,116312,116315,116319,116322,116381,116384,116388,116391,116483,116487,116490,116597,116601,116607,116635,116637,116719,116729,116733,116736,116747,116750,116835,116838,116843,116847,116850,116861,116864,117006,117009,117013,117016,117030,117033,117094,117100,117102,117105,117127,117130,117230,117233,117265,117267,117271,117274,117276,117279,117283,117286,117290,117293,117297,117300,117302,117330],[10,115596,115592],{"id":115597},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115599,115600],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115602,115603],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[26,115605,115606,115609,115612],{},[29,115607,115608],{},"a list inside another list",[29,115610,115611],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[29,115613,115614],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115616,100014,115617,4154,115619,115622],{},[603,115618,12606],{},[603,115620,115621],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115624,115625],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[47,115627,50],{"id":49},[52,115629,115631],{"className":54,"code":115630,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115632,115633,115640,115644,115670,115690,115710,115714,115732,115736,115749,115763],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115634,115635,115637],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115636,34846],{"class":3634},[61,115638,115639],{"class":67}," copy\n",[61,115641,115642],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115643,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,115645,115646,115648,115650,115652,115654,115656,115658,115660,115662,115664,115666,115668],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,115647,11840],{"class":67},[61,115649,72],{"class":71},[61,115651,56052],{"class":75},[61,115653,80],{"class":79},[61,115655,83],{"class":75},[61,115657,86],{"class":79},[61,115659,17819],{"class":75},[61,115661,76],{"class":75},[61,115663,1827],{"class":79},[61,115665,83],{"class":75},[61,115667,693],{"class":79},[61,115669,53000],{"class":75},[61,115671,115672,115675,115677,115680,115682,115684,115686,115688],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,115673,115674],{"class":67},"shallow ",[61,115676,72],{"class":71},[61,115678,115679],{"class":67}," copy",[61,115681,244],{"class":75},[61,115683,12666],{"class":112},[61,115685,109],{"class":75},[61,115687,11887],{"class":112},[61,115689,116],{"class":75},[61,115691,115692,115695,115697,115699,115701,115704,115706,115708],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,115693,115694],{"class":67},"deep ",[61,115696,72],{"class":71},[61,115698,115679],{"class":67},[61,115700,244],{"class":75},[61,115702,115703],{"class":112},"deepcopy",[61,115705,109],{"class":75},[61,115707,11887],{"class":112},[61,115709,116],{"class":75},[61,115711,115712],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,115713,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,115715,115716,115718,115720,115722,115724,115726,115728,115730],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,115717,11887],{"class":67},[61,115719,3658],{"class":75},[61,115721,675],{"class":79},[61,115723,13305],{"class":75},[61,115725,13308],{"class":112},[61,115727,109],{"class":75},[61,115729,56105],{"class":79},[61,115731,116],{"class":75},[61,115733,115734],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,115735,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,115737,115738,115740,115742,115744,115746],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,115739,130],{"class":129},[61,115741,109],{"class":75},[61,115743,11887],{"class":112},[61,115745,3417],{"class":75},[61,115747,115748],{"class":3420},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[61,115750,115751,115753,115755,115758,115760],{"class":63,"line":6196},[61,115752,130],{"class":129},[61,115754,109],{"class":75},[61,115756,115757],{"class":112},"shallow",[61,115759,3417],{"class":75},[61,115761,115762],{"class":3420},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[61,115764,115765,115767,115769,115772,115774],{"class":63,"line":11348},[61,115766,130],{"class":129},[61,115768,109],{"class":75},[61,115770,115771],{"class":112},"deep",[61,115773,3417],{"class":75},[61,115775,115776],{"class":3420},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115778,204,115779,115782,115783,4154,115785,115788],{},[18,115780,115781],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[603,115784,12606],{},[18,115786,115787],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[47,115790,115792],{"id":115791},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[26,115794,115795,115798,115801,115804,115807],{},[29,115796,115797],{},"What a copy means in Python",[29,115799,115800],{},"How shallow copy works",[29,115802,115803],{},"How deep copy works",[29,115805,115806],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[29,115808,115809],{},"When to use each approach",[47,115811,115813],{"id":115812},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,115815,14944,115816,115818,115819,115821],{},[603,115817,12606],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[603,115820,605],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,115823,1871],{},[26,115825,115826,115829,115832],{},[29,115827,115828],{},"the outer container is new",[29,115830,115831],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[29,115833,115834],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,115836,1109],{},[52,115838,115840],{"className":54,"code":115839,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[18,115841,115842,115868,115882,115886,115904,115908,115921],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115843,115844,115846,115848,115850,115852,115854,115856,115858,115860,115862,115864,115866],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115845,11840],{"class":67},[61,115847,72],{"class":71},[61,115849,56052],{"class":75},[61,115851,80],{"class":79},[61,115853,83],{"class":75},[61,115855,86],{"class":79},[61,115857,17819],{"class":75},[61,115859,76],{"class":75},[61,115861,1827],{"class":79},[61,115863,83],{"class":75},[61,115865,693],{"class":79},[61,115867,53000],{"class":75},[61,115869,115870,115872,115874,115876,115878,115880],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115871,14066],{"class":67},[61,115873,72],{"class":71},[61,115875,11915],{"class":67},[61,115877,244],{"class":75},[61,115879,12666],{"class":112},[61,115881,263],{"class":75},[61,115883,115884],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,115885,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,115887,115888,115890,115892,115894,115896,115898,115900,115902],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,115889,14085],{"class":67},[61,115891,244],{"class":75},[61,115893,13308],{"class":112},[61,115895,1126],{"class":75},[61,115897,645],{"class":79},[61,115899,83],{"class":75},[61,115901,37400],{"class":79},[61,115903,1137],{"class":75},[61,115905,115906],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,115907,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,115909,115910,115912,115914,115916,115918],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,115911,130],{"class":129},[61,115913,109],{"class":75},[61,115915,11887],{"class":112},[61,115917,3417],{"class":75},[61,115919,115920],{"class":3420},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[61,115922,115923,115925,115927,115929,115931],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,115924,130],{"class":129},[61,115926,109],{"class":75},[61,115928,14085],{"class":112},[61,115930,3417],{"class":75},[61,115932,115933],{"class":3420},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,115935,115936,115937,115939],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[18,115938,14085],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,115941,115942],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[52,115944,115946],{"className":54,"code":115945,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115947,115948,115974,115988,115992,116010,116014,116026],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115949,115950,115952,115954,115956,115958,115960,115962,115964,115966,115968,115970,115972],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115951,11840],{"class":67},[61,115953,72],{"class":71},[61,115955,56052],{"class":75},[61,115957,80],{"class":79},[61,115959,83],{"class":75},[61,115961,86],{"class":79},[61,115963,17819],{"class":75},[61,115965,76],{"class":75},[61,115967,1827],{"class":79},[61,115969,83],{"class":75},[61,115971,693],{"class":79},[61,115973,53000],{"class":75},[61,115975,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,115977,14066],{"class":67},[61,115979,72],{"class":71},[61,115981,11915],{"class":67},[61,115983,244],{"class":75},[61,115985,12666],{"class":112},[61,115987,263],{"class":75},[61,115989,115990],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,115991,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,115993,115994,115996,115998,116000,116002,116004,116006,116008],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,115995,14085],{"class":67},[61,115997,3658],{"class":75},[61,115999,675],{"class":79},[61,116001,13305],{"class":75},[61,116003,13308],{"class":112},[61,116005,109],{"class":75},[61,116007,56105],{"class":79},[61,116009,116],{"class":75},[61,116011,116012],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,116013,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116015,116016,116018,116020,116022,116024],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,116017,130],{"class":129},[61,116019,109],{"class":75},[61,116021,11887],{"class":112},[61,116023,3417],{"class":75},[61,116025,115748],{"class":3420},[61,116027,116028,116030,116032,116034,116036],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,116029,130],{"class":129},[61,116031,109],{"class":75},[61,116033,14085],{"class":112},[61,116035,3417],{"class":75},[61,116037,116038],{"class":3420},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116040,116041,116042,4154,116044,116047],{},"Both changed because ",[18,116043,56209],{},[18,116045,116046],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116049,116050,116051,244],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[235,116052,43694],{"href":11819},[47,116054,116056],{"id":116055},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116058,14944,116059,116061],{},[603,116060,115621],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116063,1871],{},[26,116065,116066,116068,116071],{},[29,116067,115828],{},[29,116069,116070],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[29,116072,116073],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116075,1109],{},[52,116077,116079],{"className":54,"code":116078,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116080,116081,116087,116091,116117,116135,116139,116157,116161,116173],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116082,116083,116085],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116084,34846],{"class":3634},[61,116086,115639],{"class":67},[61,116088,116089],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116090,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116092,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105,116107,116109,116111,116113,116115],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,116094,11840],{"class":67},[61,116096,72],{"class":71},[61,116098,56052],{"class":75},[61,116100,80],{"class":79},[61,116102,83],{"class":75},[61,116104,86],{"class":79},[61,116106,17819],{"class":75},[61,116108,76],{"class":75},[61,116110,1827],{"class":79},[61,116112,83],{"class":75},[61,116114,693],{"class":79},[61,116116,53000],{"class":75},[61,116118,116119,116121,116123,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,116120,14066],{"class":67},[61,116122,72],{"class":71},[61,116124,115679],{"class":67},[61,116126,244],{"class":75},[61,116128,115703],{"class":112},[61,116130,109],{"class":75},[61,116132,11887],{"class":112},[61,116134,116],{"class":75},[61,116136,116137],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,116138,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116140,116141,116143,116145,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,116142,14085],{"class":67},[61,116144,3658],{"class":75},[61,116146,675],{"class":79},[61,116148,13305],{"class":75},[61,116150,13308],{"class":112},[61,116152,109],{"class":75},[61,116154,56105],{"class":79},[61,116156,116],{"class":75},[61,116158,116159],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,116160,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116162,116163,116165,116167,116169,116171],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,116164,130],{"class":129},[61,116166,109],{"class":75},[61,116168,11887],{"class":112},[61,116170,3417],{"class":75},[61,116172,115920],{"class":3420},[61,116174,116175,116177,116179,116181,116183],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,116176,130],{"class":129},[61,116178,109],{"class":75},[61,116180,14085],{"class":112},[61,116182,3417],{"class":75},[61,116184,116038],{"class":3420},[14,116186,116187,116188,116190,116191,244],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[18,116189,116046],{}," does not change ",[18,116192,56209],{},[47,116194,116196],{"id":116195},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116198,116199],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116201,116202],{},"Common reasons:",[26,116204,116205,116208,116211,116217],{},[29,116206,116207],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[29,116209,116210],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[29,116212,116213,116214,116216],{},"Assignment with ",[18,116215,72],{}," does not make a copy",[29,116218,116219],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116221,1207,116222,116224],{},[603,116223,605],{}," create a copy:",[52,116226,116228],{"className":54,"code":116227,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116229,116230,116250,116258,116262,116276,116280,116292],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116231,116232,116234,116236,116238,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116233,11840],{"class":67},[61,116235,72],{"class":71},[61,116237,76],{"class":75},[61,116239,80],{"class":79},[61,116241,83],{"class":75},[61,116243,86],{"class":79},[61,116245,83],{"class":75},[61,116247,91],{"class":79},[61,116249,94],{"class":75},[61,116251,116252,116254,116256],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116253,14066],{"class":67},[61,116255,72],{"class":71},[61,116257,11878],{"class":67},[61,116259,116260],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,116261,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116263,116264,116266,116268,116270,116272,116274],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,116265,14085],{"class":67},[61,116267,244],{"class":75},[61,116269,13308],{"class":112},[61,116271,109],{"class":75},[61,116273,1129],{"class":79},[61,116275,116],{"class":75},[61,116277,116278],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,116279,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116281,116282,116284,116286,116288,116290],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,116283,130],{"class":129},[61,116285,109],{"class":75},[61,116287,11887],{"class":112},[61,116289,3417],{"class":75},[61,116291,55459],{"class":3420},[61,116293,116294,116296,116298,116300,116302],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,116295,130],{"class":129},[61,116297,109],{"class":75},[61,116299,14085],{"class":112},[61,116301,3417],{"class":75},[61,116303,116304],{"class":3420},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116306,116307],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[47,116309,116311],{"id":116310},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116313,116314],{},"These three ideas are different.",[408,116316,116318],{"id":116317},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116320,116321],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[52,116323,116325],{"className":54,"code":116324,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[18,116326,116327,116353,116361,116365],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116328,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349,116351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116330,11840],{"class":67},[61,116332,72],{"class":71},[61,116334,56052],{"class":75},[61,116336,80],{"class":79},[61,116338,83],{"class":75},[61,116340,86],{"class":79},[61,116342,17819],{"class":75},[61,116344,76],{"class":75},[61,116346,1827],{"class":79},[61,116348,83],{"class":75},[61,116350,693],{"class":79},[61,116352,53000],{"class":75},[61,116354,116355,116357,116359],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116356,13857],{"class":67},[61,116358,72],{"class":71},[61,116360,11878],{"class":67},[61,116362,116363],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,116364,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116366,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375,116377,116379],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,116368,130],{"class":129},[61,116370,109],{"class":75},[61,116372,11840],{"class":112},[61,116374,11948],{"class":3634},[61,116376,13925],{"class":112},[61,116378,3417],{"class":75},[61,116380,3421],{"class":3420},[14,116382,116383],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[408,116385,116387],{"id":116386},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116389,116390],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[52,116392,116394],{"className":54,"code":116393,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[18,116395,116396,116422,116436,116440,116457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116397,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116399,11840],{"class":67},[61,116401,72],{"class":71},[61,116403,56052],{"class":75},[61,116405,80],{"class":79},[61,116407,83],{"class":75},[61,116409,86],{"class":79},[61,116411,17819],{"class":75},[61,116413,76],{"class":75},[61,116415,1827],{"class":79},[61,116417,83],{"class":75},[61,116419,693],{"class":79},[61,116421,53000],{"class":75},[61,116423,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116425,115674],{"class":67},[61,116427,72],{"class":71},[61,116429,11915],{"class":67},[61,116431,244],{"class":75},[61,116433,12666],{"class":112},[61,116435,263],{"class":75},[61,116437,116438],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,116439,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116441,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450,116453,116455],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,116443,130],{"class":129},[61,116445,109],{"class":75},[61,116447,11840],{"class":112},[61,116449,11948],{"class":3634},[61,116451,116452],{"class":112}," shallow",[61,116454,3417],{"class":75},[61,116456,20957],{"class":3420},[61,116458,116459,116461,116463,116465,116467,116469,116471,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,116460,130],{"class":129},[61,116462,109],{"class":75},[61,116464,11887],{"class":112},[61,116466,3658],{"class":75},[61,116468,675],{"class":79},[61,116470,13028],{"class":75},[61,116472,1287],{"class":3634},[61,116474,116452],{"class":112},[61,116476,3658],{"class":75},[61,116478,675],{"class":79},[61,116480,20202],{"class":75},[61,116482,3421],{"class":3420},[408,116484,116486],{"id":116485},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116488,116489],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[52,116491,116493],{"className":54,"code":116492,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[18,116494,116495,116501,116505,116531,116549,116553,116571],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116496,116497,116499],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116498,34846],{"class":3634},[61,116500,115639],{"class":67},[61,116502,116503],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116504,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116506,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515,116517,116519,116521,116523,116525,116527,116529],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,116508,11840],{"class":67},[61,116510,72],{"class":71},[61,116512,56052],{"class":75},[61,116514,80],{"class":79},[61,116516,83],{"class":75},[61,116518,86],{"class":79},[61,116520,17819],{"class":75},[61,116522,76],{"class":75},[61,116524,1827],{"class":79},[61,116526,83],{"class":75},[61,116528,693],{"class":79},[61,116530,53000],{"class":75},[61,116532,116533,116535,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,116534,115694],{"class":67},[61,116536,72],{"class":71},[61,116538,115679],{"class":67},[61,116540,244],{"class":75},[61,116542,115703],{"class":112},[61,116544,109],{"class":75},[61,116546,11887],{"class":112},[61,116548,116],{"class":75},[61,116550,116551],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,116552,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116554,116555,116557,116559,116561,116563,116566,116568],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,116556,130],{"class":129},[61,116558,109],{"class":75},[61,116560,11840],{"class":112},[61,116562,11948],{"class":3634},[61,116564,116565],{"class":112}," deep",[61,116567,3417],{"class":75},[61,116569,116570],{"class":3420},"         # False\n",[61,116572,116573,116575,116577,116579,116581,116583,116585,116587,116589,116591,116593,116595],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,116574,130],{"class":129},[61,116576,109],{"class":75},[61,116578,11887],{"class":112},[61,116580,3658],{"class":75},[61,116582,675],{"class":79},[61,116584,13028],{"class":75},[61,116586,1287],{"class":3634},[61,116588,116565],{"class":112},[61,116590,3658],{"class":75},[61,116592,675],{"class":79},[61,116594,20202],{"class":75},[61,116596,43630],{"class":3420},[47,116598,116600],{"id":116599},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116602,116603,116604,824],{},"These all make ",[603,116605,116606],{},"shallow copies",[26,116608,116609,116613,116617,116622,116628],{},[29,116610,116611],{},[18,116612,55359],{},[29,116614,116615],{},[18,116616,12189],{},[29,116618,116619],{},[18,116620,116621],{},"set.copy()",[29,116623,116624,116625],{},"list slicing like ",[18,116626,116627],{},"my_list[:]",[29,116629,116630,116632,116633,34836],{},[18,116631,115781],{}," from the ",[18,116634,12666],{},[14,116636,1889],{},[52,116638,116640],{"className":54,"code":116639,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,116641,116642,116662,116666,116680,116691,116695,116707],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116643,116644,116646,116648,116650,116652,116654,116656,116658,116660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116645,68],{"class":67},[61,116647,72],{"class":71},[61,116649,76],{"class":75},[61,116651,80],{"class":79},[61,116653,83],{"class":75},[61,116655,86],{"class":79},[61,116657,83],{"class":75},[61,116659,91],{"class":79},[61,116661,94],{"class":75},[61,116663,116664],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116665,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116667,116668,116670,116672,116674,116676,116678],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,116669,2313],{"class":67},[61,116671,72],{"class":71},[61,116673,4023],{"class":67},[61,116675,244],{"class":75},[61,116677,12666],{"class":112},[61,116679,263],{"class":75},[61,116681,116682,116684,116686,116688],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,116683,2341],{"class":67},[61,116685,72],{"class":71},[61,116687,4023],{"class":67},[61,116689,116690],{"class":75},"[:]\n",[61,116692,116693],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,116694,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116696,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,116698,130],{"class":129},[61,116700,109],{"class":75},[61,116702,235],{"class":112},[61,116704,3417],{"class":75},[61,116706,54690],{"class":3420},[61,116708,116709,116711,116713,116715,116717],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,116710,130],{"class":129},[61,116712,109],{"class":75},[61,116714,1480],{"class":112},[61,116716,3417],{"class":75},[61,116718,54690],{"class":3420},[14,116720,72886,116721,47292,116725,244],{},[235,116722,116723,10492],{"href":54718},[18,116724,55359],{},[235,116726,116727,10492],{"href":12186},[18,116728,12189],{},[47,116730,116732],{"id":116731},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116734,116735],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[26,116737,116738,116741,116744],{},[29,116739,116740],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[29,116742,116743],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[29,116745,116746],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116748,116749],{},"Example with a flat list:",[52,116751,116753],{"className":54,"code":116752,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116754,116755,116775,116789,116793,116807,116811,116823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116756,116757,116759,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116758,11840],{"class":67},[61,116760,72],{"class":71},[61,116762,76],{"class":75},[61,116764,80],{"class":79},[61,116766,83],{"class":75},[61,116768,86],{"class":79},[61,116770,83],{"class":75},[61,116772,91],{"class":79},[61,116774,94],{"class":75},[61,116776,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116778,14066],{"class":67},[61,116780,72],{"class":71},[61,116782,11915],{"class":67},[61,116784,244],{"class":75},[61,116786,12666],{"class":112},[61,116788,263],{"class":75},[61,116790,116791],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,116792,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116794,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803,116805],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,116796,14085],{"class":67},[61,116798,244],{"class":75},[61,116800,13308],{"class":112},[61,116802,109],{"class":75},[61,116804,1129],{"class":79},[61,116806,116],{"class":75},[61,116808,116809],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,116810,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116812,116813,116815,116817,116819,116821],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,116814,130],{"class":129},[61,116816,109],{"class":75},[61,116818,11887],{"class":112},[61,116820,3417],{"class":75},[61,116822,54690],{"class":3420},[61,116824,116825,116827,116829,116831,116833],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,116826,130],{"class":129},[61,116828,109],{"class":75},[61,116830,14085],{"class":112},[61,116832,3417],{"class":75},[61,116834,116304],{"class":3420},[14,116836,116837],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,116839,116840,116841,244],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[235,116842,14643],{"href":56978},[47,116844,116846],{"id":116845},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,116848,116849],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[26,116851,116852,116855,116858],{},[29,116853,116854],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[29,116856,116857],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[29,116859,116860],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,116862,116863],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[52,116865,116867],{"className":54,"code":116866,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[18,116868,116869,116875,116879,116905,116919,116937,116941,116963,116967,116980,116993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116870,116871,116873],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116872,34846],{"class":3634},[61,116874,115639],{"class":67},[61,116876,116877],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,116878,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116880,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899,116901,116903],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,116882,11840],{"class":67},[61,116884,72],{"class":71},[61,116886,717],{"class":75},[61,116888,816],{"class":190},[61,116890,16145],{"class":194},[61,116892,816],{"class":190},[61,116894,824],{"class":75},[61,116896,76],{"class":75},[61,116898,430],{"class":79},[61,116900,83],{"class":75},[61,116902,435],{"class":79},[61,116904,13461],{"class":75},[61,116906,116907,116909,116911,116913,116915,116917],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,116908,115674],{"class":67},[61,116910,72],{"class":71},[61,116912,11915],{"class":67},[61,116914,244],{"class":75},[61,116916,12666],{"class":112},[61,116918,263],{"class":75},[61,116920,116921,116923,116925,116927,116929,116931,116933,116935],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,116922,115694],{"class":67},[61,116924,72],{"class":71},[61,116926,115679],{"class":67},[61,116928,244],{"class":75},[61,116930,115703],{"class":112},[61,116932,109],{"class":75},[61,116934,11887],{"class":112},[61,116936,116],{"class":75},[61,116938,116939],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,116940,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116942,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959,116961],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,116944,11887],{"class":67},[61,116946,3658],{"class":75},[61,116948,816],{"class":190},[61,116950,16145],{"class":194},[61,116952,816],{"class":190},[61,116954,13305],{"class":75},[61,116956,13308],{"class":112},[61,116958,109],{"class":75},[61,116960,36598],{"class":79},[61,116962,116],{"class":75},[61,116964,116965],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,116966,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,116968,116969,116971,116973,116975,116977],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,116970,130],{"class":129},[61,116972,109],{"class":75},[61,116974,11887],{"class":112},[61,116976,3417],{"class":75},[61,116978,116979],{"class":3420},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[61,116981,116982,116984,116986,116988,116990],{"class":63,"line":6196},[61,116983,130],{"class":129},[61,116985,109],{"class":75},[61,116987,115757],{"class":112},[61,116989,3417],{"class":75},[61,116991,116992],{"class":3420},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[61,116994,116995,116997,116999,117001,117003],{"class":63,"line":11348},[61,116996,130],{"class":129},[61,116998,109],{"class":75},[61,117000,115771],{"class":112},[61,117002,3417],{"class":75},[61,117004,117005],{"class":3420},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117007,117008],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[47,117010,117012],{"id":117011},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117014,117015],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[26,117017,117018,117021,117024,117027],{},[29,117019,117020],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[29,117022,117023],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[29,117025,117026],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[29,117028,117029],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117031,117032],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[52,117034,117036],{"className":54,"code":117035,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[18,117037,117038,117046,117054,117058,117066,117070,117082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117039,117040,117042,117044],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117041,2313],{"class":67},[61,117043,72],{"class":71},[61,117045,2346],{"class":79},[61,117047,117048,117050,117052],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117049,2341],{"class":67},[61,117051,72],{"class":71},[61,117053,35932],{"class":67},[61,117055,117056],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,117057,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,117059,117060,117062,117064],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,117061,2341],{"class":67},[61,117063,72],{"class":71},[61,117065,14369],{"class":79},[61,117067,117068],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,117069,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,117071,117072,117074,117076,117078,117080],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,117073,130],{"class":129},[61,117075,109],{"class":75},[61,117077,235],{"class":112},[61,117079,3417],{"class":75},[61,117081,26551],{"class":3420},[61,117083,117084,117086,117088,117090,117092],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,117085,130],{"class":129},[61,117087,109],{"class":75},[61,117089,1480],{"class":112},[61,117091,3417],{"class":75},[61,117093,27372],{"class":3420},[14,117095,93256,117096,117099],{},[235,117097,117098],{"href":11819},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[47,117101,2590],{"id":2589},[14,117103,117104],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[26,117106,117107,117111,117116,117121,117124],{},[29,117108,8175,117109,56542],{},[18,117110,72],{},[29,117112,8175,117113,117115],{},[18,117114,55359],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[29,117117,8175,117118,117120],{},[18,117119,12189],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[29,117122,117123],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[29,117125,117126],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117128,117129],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[52,117131,117133],{"className":54,"code":117132,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[18,117134,117135,117149,117163,117185,117216],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117136,117137,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117138,130],{"class":129},[61,117140,109],{"class":75},[61,117142,11840],{"class":112},[61,117144,11948],{"class":3634},[61,117146,14139],{"class":112},[61,117148,116],{"class":75},[61,117150,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117152,130],{"class":129},[61,117154,109],{"class":75},[61,117156,11840],{"class":112},[61,117158,4450],{"class":71},[61,117160,14139],{"class":112},[61,117162,116],{"class":75},[61,117164,117165,117167,117169,117171,117173,117175,117177,117179,117181,117183],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,117166,130],{"class":129},[61,117168,109],{"class":75},[61,117170,12404],{"class":129},[61,117172,109],{"class":75},[61,117174,11887],{"class":112},[61,117176,1045],{"class":75},[61,117178,14571],{"class":129},[61,117180,109],{"class":75},[61,117182,14085],{"class":112},[61,117184,154],{"class":75},[61,117186,117187,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197,117199,117201,117204,117206,117208,117210,117212,117214],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,117188,130],{"class":129},[61,117190,109],{"class":75},[61,117192,12404],{"class":129},[61,117194,109],{"class":75},[61,117196,11887],{"class":112},[61,117198,3658],{"class":75},[61,117200,675],{"class":79},[61,117202,117203],{"class":75},"]),",[61,117205,14571],{"class":129},[61,117207,109],{"class":75},[61,117209,14085],{"class":112},[61,117211,3658],{"class":75},[61,117213,675],{"class":79},[61,117215,2758],{"class":75},[61,117217,117218,117220,117222,117224,117226,117228],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,117219,130],{"class":129},[61,117221,109],{"class":75},[61,117223,147],{"class":105},[61,117225,109],{"class":75},[61,117227,11887],{"class":112},[61,117229,154],{"class":75},[14,117231,117232],{},"What they tell you:",[26,117234,117235,117240,117245,117250,117260],{},[29,117236,117237,117239],{},[18,117238,11948],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[29,117241,117242,117244],{},[18,117243,4450],{}," checks whether values are equal",[29,117246,117247,117249],{},[18,117248,43246],{}," shows the identity of an object",[29,117251,117252,117253,4154,117256,117259],{},"comparing ",[18,117254,117255],{},"id(original[0])",[18,117257,117258],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[29,117261,117262,117264],{},[18,117263,2063],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[47,117266,1620],{"id":1619},[408,117268,117270],{"id":117269},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117272,117273],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[408,117275,57028],{"id":56943},[14,117277,117278],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[408,117280,117282],{"id":117281},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117284,117285],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[408,117287,117289],{"id":117288},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117291,117292],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[408,117294,117296],{"id":117295},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117298,117299],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[47,117301,1664],{"id":1663},[26,117303,117304,117309,117315,117321,117325],{},[29,117305,117306],{},[235,117307,117308],{"href":11819},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[29,117310,117311],{},[235,117312,3332,117313,10492],{"href":54718},[18,117314,55359],{},[29,117316,117317],{},[235,117318,3332,117319,10492],{"href":12186},[18,117320,12189],{},[29,117322,117323],{},[235,117324,14720],{"href":56978},[29,117326,117327],{},[235,117328,117329],{"href":58253},"What is a list in Python?",[1693,117331,117332],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":117334},[117335,117336,117337,117338,117339,117340,117345,117346,117347,117348,117349,117350,117357],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":115791,"depth":97,"text":115792},{"id":115812,"depth":97,"text":115813},{"id":116055,"depth":97,"text":116056},{"id":116195,"depth":97,"text":116196},{"id":116310,"depth":97,"text":116311,"children":117341},[117342,117343,117344],{"id":116317,"depth":119,"text":116318},{"id":116386,"depth":119,"text":116387},{"id":116485,"depth":119,"text":116486},{"id":116599,"depth":97,"text":116600},{"id":116731,"depth":97,"text":116732},{"id":116845,"depth":97,"text":116846},{"id":117011,"depth":97,"text":117012},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":117351},[117352,117353,117354,117355,117356],{"id":117269,"depth":119,"text":117270},{"id":56943,"depth":119,"text":57028},{"id":117281,"depth":119,"text":117282},{"id":117288,"depth":119,"text":117289},{"id":117295,"depth":119,"text":117296},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115592,"description":117358},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117364,"title":117365,"body":117366,"description":119223,"extension":1727,"meta":119224,"navigation":122,"path":119225,"seo":119226,"stem":119227,"__hash__":119228},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117367,"toc":119181},[117368,117373,117378,117386,117388,117456,117461,117466,117481,117484,117486,117517,117519,117539,117542,117557,117559,117562,117635,117637,117682,117684,117695,117700,117704,117709,117712,117751,117753,117773,117776,117833,117835,117870,117873,117912,117914,117934,117937,117968,117970,118026,118028,118033,118104,118106,118139,118144,118149,118214,118216,118253,118256,118333,118335,118395,118402,118407,118410,118413,118494,118496,118537,118542,118545,118623,118625,118658,118667,118674,118677,118688,118691,118702,118706,118714,118723,118727,118732,118736,118741,118784,118787,118793,118796,118798,118845,118850,118854,118857,118906,118908,118929,118932,118934,118959,118962,119083,119088,119090,119095,119098,119103,119106,119114,119119,119126,119129,119137,119140,119142,119178],[10,117369,3332,117371,3336],{"id":117370},"python-sorted-function-explained",[18,117372,74170],{},[14,117374,117375,117377],{},[18,117376,74170],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117379,117380,117381,1951,117383,117385],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[18,117382,77613],{},[18,117384,74170],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[47,117387,3366],{"id":3365},[52,117389,117391],{"className":54,"code":117390,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[18,117392,117393,117413,117427,117431,117443],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117394,117395,117397,117399,117401,117403,117405,117407,117409,117411],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117396,68],{"class":67},[61,117398,72],{"class":71},[61,117400,76],{"class":75},[61,117402,1827],{"class":79},[61,117404,83],{"class":75},[61,117406,680],{"class":79},[61,117408,83],{"class":75},[61,117410,86],{"class":79},[61,117412,94],{"class":75},[61,117414,117415,117417,117419,117421,117423,117425],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117416,100],{"class":67},[61,117418,72],{"class":71},[61,117420,74304],{"class":129},[61,117422,109],{"class":75},[61,117424,113],{"class":112},[61,117426,116],{"class":75},[61,117428,117429],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,117430,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,117432,117433,117435,117437,117439,117441],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,117434,130],{"class":129},[61,117436,109],{"class":75},[61,117438,135],{"class":112},[61,117440,3417],{"class":75},[61,117442,55446],{"class":3420},[61,117444,117445,117447,117449,117451,117453],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,117446,130],{"class":129},[61,117448,109],{"class":75},[61,117450,113],{"class":112},[61,117452,3417],{"class":75},[61,117454,117455],{"class":3420},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117457,117458,117460],{},[18,117459,74170],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[47,117462,3435,117464,3438],{"id":117463},"what-sorted-does",[18,117465,74170],{},[26,117467,117468,117472,117475,117478],{},[29,117469,117470,216],{},[18,117471,74170],{},[29,117473,117474],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[29,117476,117477],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[29,117479,117480],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117482,117483],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[47,117485,248],{"id":247},[52,117487,117489],{"className":54,"code":117488,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,117490,117491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117492,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501,117503,117505,117507,117509,117511,117513,117515],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117494,74260],{"class":129},[61,117496,109],{"class":75},[61,117498,272],{"class":112},[61,117500,83],{"class":75},[61,117502,21336],{"class":8933},[61,117504,72],{"class":71},[61,117506,3536],{"class":3609},[61,117508,83],{"class":75},[61,117510,77816],{"class":8933},[61,117512,72],{"class":71},[61,117514,3431],{"class":3609},[61,117516,116],{"class":75},[408,117518,17151],{"id":17150},[26,117520,117521,117526,117531],{},[29,117522,117523,117525],{},[18,117524,272],{},": the values to sort",[29,117527,117528,117530],{},[18,117529,14596],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[29,117532,117533,117535,117536,117538],{},[18,117534,73323],{},": set to ",[18,117537,3361],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117540,117541],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[52,117543,117545],{"className":54,"code":117544,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sorted(my_values)\n",[18,117546,117547],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117548,117549,117551,117553,117555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117550,74260],{"class":129},[61,117552,109],{"class":75},[61,117554,60065],{"class":112},[61,117556,116],{"class":75},[47,117558,11228],{"id":11227},[14,117560,117561],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[52,117563,117565],{"className":54,"code":117564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,117566,117567,117591,117595,117610,117614,117625],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117568,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581,117583,117585,117587,117589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117570,68],{"class":67},[61,117572,72],{"class":71},[61,117574,76],{"class":75},[61,117576,645],{"class":79},[61,117578,83],{"class":75},[61,117580,86],{"class":79},[61,117582,83],{"class":75},[61,117584,6118],{"class":79},[61,117586,83],{"class":75},[61,117588,680],{"class":79},[61,117590,94],{"class":75},[61,117592,117593],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117594,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,117596,117597,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,117598,117599],{"class":67},"sorted_numbers ",[61,117601,72],{"class":71},[61,117603,74304],{"class":129},[61,117605,109],{"class":75},[61,117607,113],{"class":112},[61,117609,116],{"class":75},[61,117611,117612],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,117613,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,117615,117616,117618,117620,117623],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,117617,130],{"class":129},[61,117619,109],{"class":75},[61,117621,117622],{"class":112},"sorted_numbers",[61,117624,116],{"class":75},[61,117626,117627,117629,117631,117633],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,117628,130],{"class":129},[61,117630,109],{"class":75},[61,117632,113],{"class":112},[61,117634,116],{"class":75},[14,117636,157],{},[52,117638,117640],{"className":54,"code":117639,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[18,117641,117642,117662],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117643,117644,117646,117648,117650,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117645,3658],{"class":75},[61,117647,80],{"class":79},[61,117649,83],{"class":75},[61,117651,86],{"class":79},[61,117653,83],{"class":75},[61,117655,4367],{"class":79},[61,117657,83],{"class":75},[61,117659,6118],{"class":79},[61,117661,94],{"class":75},[61,117663,117664,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117665,3658],{"class":75},[61,117667,645],{"class":79},[61,117669,83],{"class":75},[61,117671,86],{"class":79},[61,117673,83],{"class":75},[61,117675,6118],{"class":79},[61,117677,83],{"class":75},[61,117679,680],{"class":79},[61,117681,94],{"class":75},[14,117683,13518],{},[26,117685,117686,117691],{},[29,117687,117688,117690],{},[18,117689,117622],{}," is a new sorted list",[29,117692,117693,112230],{},[18,117694,113],{},[14,117696,117697,117698,244],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[235,117699,78123],{"href":78122},[47,117701,117703],{"id":117702},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117705,117706,117708],{},[18,117707,74170],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[408,117710,117711],{"id":7852},"List",[52,117713,117715],{"className":54,"code":117714,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,117716,117717,117737],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117718,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727,117729,117731,117733,117735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117720,68],{"class":67},[61,117722,72],{"class":71},[61,117724,76],{"class":75},[61,117726,1827],{"class":79},[61,117728,83],{"class":75},[61,117730,680],{"class":79},[61,117732,83],{"class":75},[61,117734,86],{"class":79},[61,117736,94],{"class":75},[61,117738,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117740,130],{"class":129},[61,117742,109],{"class":75},[61,117744,74260],{"class":129},[61,117746,109],{"class":75},[61,117748,113],{"class":112},[61,117750,154],{"class":75},[14,117752,157],{},[52,117754,117755],{"className":54,"code":54908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,117756,117757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117758,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117760,3658],{"class":75},[61,117762,80],{"class":79},[61,117764,83],{"class":75},[61,117766,86],{"class":79},[61,117768,83],{"class":75},[61,117770,91],{"class":79},[61,117772,94],{"class":75},[408,117774,117775],{"id":195},"Tuple",[52,117777,117779],{"className":54,"code":117778,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[18,117780,117781,117801,117815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117782,117783,117785,117787,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797,117799],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117784,712],{"class":67},[61,117786,72],{"class":71},[61,117788,1048],{"class":75},[61,117790,1827],{"class":79},[61,117792,83],{"class":75},[61,117794,680],{"class":79},[61,117796,83],{"class":75},[61,117798,86],{"class":79},[61,117800,116],{"class":75},[61,117802,117803,117805,117807,117809,117811,117813],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117804,130],{"class":129},[61,117806,109],{"class":75},[61,117808,74260],{"class":129},[61,117810,109],{"class":75},[61,117812,743],{"class":112},[61,117814,154],{"class":75},[61,117816,117817,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,117818,130],{"class":129},[61,117820,109],{"class":75},[61,117822,147],{"class":105},[61,117824,109],{"class":75},[61,117826,74260],{"class":129},[61,117828,109],{"class":75},[61,117830,743],{"class":112},[61,117832,2672],{"class":75},[14,117834,157],{},[52,117836,117838],{"className":54,"code":117837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,117839,117840,117856],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117841,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117843,3658],{"class":75},[61,117845,80],{"class":79},[61,117847,83],{"class":75},[61,117849,86],{"class":79},[61,117851,83],{"class":75},[61,117853,91],{"class":79},[61,117855,94],{"class":75},[61,117857,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117859,183],{"class":71},[61,117861,187],{"class":186},[61,117863,191],{"class":190},[61,117865,7852],{"class":194},[61,117867,198],{"class":190},[61,117869,201],{"class":71},[408,117871,117872],{"id":6046},"Set",[52,117874,117876],{"className":54,"code":117875,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,117877,117878,117898],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117879,117880,117882,117884,117886,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117881,712],{"class":67},[61,117883,72],{"class":71},[61,117885,717],{"class":75},[61,117887,1827],{"class":79},[61,117889,83],{"class":75},[61,117891,680],{"class":79},[61,117893,83],{"class":75},[61,117895,86],{"class":79},[61,117897,730],{"class":75},[61,117899,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117901,130],{"class":129},[61,117903,109],{"class":75},[61,117905,74260],{"class":129},[61,117907,109],{"class":75},[61,117909,743],{"class":112},[61,117911,154],{"class":75},[14,117913,157],{},[52,117915,117916],{"className":54,"code":54908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,117917,117918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117919,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117921,3658],{"class":75},[61,117923,80],{"class":79},[61,117925,83],{"class":75},[61,117927,86],{"class":79},[61,117929,83],{"class":75},[61,117931,91],{"class":79},[61,117933,94],{"class":75},[408,117935,117936],{"id":60928},"String",[52,117938,117940],{"className":54,"code":117939,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[18,117941,117942,117954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117943,117944,117946,117948,117950,117952],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117945,517],{"class":67},[61,117947,72],{"class":71},[61,117949,522],{"class":190},[61,117951,56],{"class":194},[61,117953,528],{"class":190},[61,117955,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,117957,130],{"class":129},[61,117959,109],{"class":75},[61,117961,74260],{"class":129},[61,117963,109],{"class":75},[61,117965,541],{"class":112},[61,117967,154],{"class":75},[14,117969,157],{},[52,117971,117972],{"className":54,"code":79140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,117973,117974],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117975,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117977,3658],{"class":75},[61,117979,198],{"class":190},[61,117981,1344],{"class":194},[61,117983,198],{"class":190},[61,117985,83],{"class":75},[61,117987,191],{"class":190},[61,117989,75776],{"class":194},[61,117991,198],{"class":190},[61,117993,83],{"class":75},[61,117995,191],{"class":190},[61,117997,1379],{"class":194},[61,117999,198],{"class":190},[61,118001,83],{"class":75},[61,118003,191],{"class":190},[61,118005,14],{"class":194},[61,118007,198],{"class":190},[61,118009,83],{"class":75},[61,118011,191],{"class":190},[61,118013,590],{"class":194},[61,118015,198],{"class":190},[61,118017,83],{"class":75},[61,118019,191],{"class":190},[61,118021,11499],{"class":194},[61,118023,198],{"class":190},[61,118025,94],{"class":75},[408,118027,28980],{"id":15360},[14,118029,796,118030,118032],{},[18,118031,74170],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[52,118034,118036],{"className":54,"code":118035,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[18,118037,118038,118090],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118039,118040,118042,118044,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118041,809],{"class":67},[61,118043,72],{"class":71},[61,118045,717],{"class":75},[61,118047,816],{"class":190},[61,118049,819],{"class":194},[61,118051,816],{"class":190},[61,118053,824],{"class":75},[61,118055,522],{"class":190},[61,118057,829],{"class":194},[61,118059,816],{"class":190},[61,118061,83],{"class":75},[61,118063,522],{"class":190},[61,118065,838],{"class":194},[61,118067,816],{"class":190},[61,118069,824],{"class":75},[61,118071,435],{"class":79},[61,118073,83],{"class":75},[61,118075,522],{"class":190},[61,118077,10161],{"class":194},[61,118079,816],{"class":190},[61,118081,824],{"class":75},[61,118083,522],{"class":190},[61,118085,15787],{"class":194},[61,118087,816],{"class":190},[61,118089,730],{"class":75},[61,118091,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118093,130],{"class":129},[61,118095,109],{"class":75},[61,118097,74260],{"class":129},[61,118099,109],{"class":75},[61,118101,860],{"class":112},[61,118103,154],{"class":75},[14,118105,157],{},[52,118107,118109],{"className":54,"code":118108,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[18,118110,118111],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118112,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118114,3658],{"class":75},[61,118116,198],{"class":190},[61,118118,838],{"class":194},[61,118120,198],{"class":190},[61,118122,83],{"class":75},[61,118124,191],{"class":190},[61,118126,10161],{"class":194},[61,118128,198],{"class":190},[61,118130,83],{"class":75},[61,118132,191],{"class":190},[61,118134,819],{"class":194},[61,118136,198],{"class":190},[61,118138,94],{"class":75},[47,118140,8175,118142],{"id":118141},"using-reversetrue",[18,118143,77837],{},[14,118145,204,118146,118148],{},[18,118147,77837],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[52,118150,118152],{"className":54,"code":118151,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[18,118153,118154,118174,118178,118192],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118155,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118157,68],{"class":67},[61,118159,72],{"class":71},[61,118161,76],{"class":75},[61,118163,1827],{"class":79},[61,118165,83],{"class":75},[61,118167,680],{"class":79},[61,118169,83],{"class":75},[61,118171,86],{"class":79},[61,118173,94],{"class":75},[61,118175,118176],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118177,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,118179,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,118181,130],{"class":129},[61,118183,109],{"class":75},[61,118185,74260],{"class":129},[61,118187,109],{"class":75},[61,118189,113],{"class":112},[61,118191,154],{"class":75},[61,118193,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,118195,130],{"class":129},[61,118197,109],{"class":75},[61,118199,74260],{"class":129},[61,118201,109],{"class":75},[61,118203,113],{"class":112},[61,118205,83],{"class":75},[61,118207,77816],{"class":8933},[61,118209,72],{"class":71},[61,118211,3361],{"class":3609},[61,118213,154],{"class":75},[14,118215,157],{},[52,118217,118219],{"className":54,"code":118218,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,118220,118221,118237],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118222,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118224,3658],{"class":75},[61,118226,80],{"class":79},[61,118228,83],{"class":75},[61,118230,86],{"class":79},[61,118232,83],{"class":75},[61,118234,91],{"class":79},[61,118236,94],{"class":75},[61,118238,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118240,3658],{"class":75},[61,118242,1827],{"class":79},[61,118244,83],{"class":75},[61,118246,86],{"class":79},[61,118248,83],{"class":75},[61,118250,680],{"class":79},[61,118252,94],{"class":75},[14,118254,118255],{},"This also works with strings:",[52,118257,118259],{"className":54,"code":118258,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[18,118260,118261,118293,118297,118311],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118262,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118264,3829],{"class":67},[61,118266,72],{"class":71},[61,118268,76],{"class":75},[61,118270,816],{"class":190},[61,118272,3838],{"class":194},[61,118274,816],{"class":190},[61,118276,83],{"class":75},[61,118278,522],{"class":190},[61,118280,3847],{"class":194},[61,118282,816],{"class":190},[61,118284,83],{"class":75},[61,118286,522],{"class":190},[61,118288,3856],{"class":194},[61,118290,816],{"class":190},[61,118292,94],{"class":75},[61,118294,118295],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118296,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,118298,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,118300,130],{"class":129},[61,118302,109],{"class":75},[61,118304,74260],{"class":129},[61,118306,109],{"class":75},[61,118308,3873],{"class":112},[61,118310,154],{"class":75},[61,118312,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329,118331],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,118314,130],{"class":129},[61,118316,109],{"class":75},[61,118318,74260],{"class":129},[61,118320,109],{"class":75},[61,118322,3873],{"class":112},[61,118324,83],{"class":75},[61,118326,77816],{"class":8933},[61,118328,72],{"class":71},[61,118330,3361],{"class":3609},[61,118332,154],{"class":75},[14,118334,157],{},[52,118336,118337],{"className":54,"code":73904,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,118338,118339,118367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118340,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118342,3658],{"class":75},[61,118344,198],{"class":190},[61,118346,3838],{"class":194},[61,118348,198],{"class":190},[61,118350,83],{"class":75},[61,118352,191],{"class":190},[61,118354,3847],{"class":194},[61,118356,198],{"class":190},[61,118358,83],{"class":75},[61,118360,191],{"class":190},[61,118362,3856],{"class":194},[61,118364,198],{"class":190},[61,118366,94],{"class":75},[61,118368,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118370,3658],{"class":75},[61,118372,198],{"class":190},[61,118374,3856],{"class":194},[61,118376,198],{"class":190},[61,118378,83],{"class":75},[61,118380,191],{"class":190},[61,118382,3847],{"class":194},[61,118384,198],{"class":190},[61,118386,83],{"class":75},[61,118388,191],{"class":190},[61,118390,3838],{"class":194},[61,118392,198],{"class":190},[61,118394,94],{"class":75},[47,118396,8175,118398,118401],{"id":118397},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[18,118399,118400],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118403,1744,118404,118406],{},[18,118405,118400],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118408,118409],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118411,118412],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[52,118414,118416],{"className":54,"code":118415,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118417,118418,118458,118462,118484],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118419,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118421,3829],{"class":67},[61,118423,72],{"class":71},[61,118425,76],{"class":75},[61,118427,816],{"class":190},[61,118429,78490],{"class":194},[61,118431,816],{"class":190},[61,118433,83],{"class":75},[61,118435,522],{"class":190},[61,118437,38114],{"class":194},[61,118439,816],{"class":190},[61,118441,83],{"class":75},[61,118443,522],{"class":190},[61,118445,3847],{"class":194},[61,118447,816],{"class":190},[61,118449,83],{"class":75},[61,118451,522],{"class":190},[61,118453,38097],{"class":194},[61,118455,816],{"class":190},[61,118457,94],{"class":75},[61,118459,118460],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118461,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,118463,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,118465,100],{"class":67},[61,118467,72],{"class":71},[61,118469,74304],{"class":129},[61,118471,109],{"class":75},[61,118473,3873],{"class":112},[61,118475,83],{"class":75},[61,118477,21336],{"class":8933},[61,118479,72],{"class":71},[61,118481,10914],{"class":129},[61,118483,116],{"class":75},[61,118485,118486,118488,118490,118492],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,118487,130],{"class":129},[61,118489,109],{"class":75},[61,118491,135],{"class":112},[61,118493,116],{"class":75},[14,118495,157],{},[52,118497,118499],{"className":54,"code":118498,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[18,118500,118501],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118502,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118504,3658],{"class":75},[61,118506,198],{"class":190},[61,118508,38114],{"class":194},[61,118510,198],{"class":190},[61,118512,83],{"class":75},[61,118514,191],{"class":190},[61,118516,78490],{"class":194},[61,118518,198],{"class":190},[61,118520,83],{"class":75},[61,118522,191],{"class":190},[61,118524,38097],{"class":194},[61,118526,198],{"class":190},[61,118528,83],{"class":75},[61,118530,191],{"class":190},[61,118532,3847],{"class":194},[61,118534,198],{"class":190},[61,118536,94],{"class":75},[14,118538,20527,118539,118541],{},[18,118540,10914],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118543,118544],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[52,118546,118548],{"className":54,"code":118547,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118549,118550,118583,118587,118613],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118551,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118579,118581],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118553,3829],{"class":67},[61,118555,72],{"class":71},[61,118557,76],{"class":75},[61,118559,816],{"class":190},[61,118561,83108],{"class":194},[61,118563,816],{"class":190},[61,118565,83],{"class":75},[61,118567,522],{"class":190},[61,118569,3838],{"class":194},[61,118571,816],{"class":190},[61,118573,83],{"class":75},[61,118575,522],{"class":190},[61,118577,118578],{"class":194},"Cherry",[61,118580,816],{"class":190},[61,118582,94],{"class":75},[61,118584,118585],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118586,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,118588,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609,118611],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,118590,100],{"class":67},[61,118592,72],{"class":71},[61,118594,74304],{"class":129},[61,118596,109],{"class":75},[61,118598,3873],{"class":112},[61,118600,83],{"class":75},[61,118602,21336],{"class":8933},[61,118604,72],{"class":71},[61,118606,3199],{"class":105},[61,118608,244],{"class":75},[61,118610,8399],{"class":24507},[61,118612,116],{"class":75},[61,118614,118615,118617,118619,118621],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,118616,130],{"class":129},[61,118618,109],{"class":75},[61,118620,135],{"class":112},[61,118622,116],{"class":75},[14,118624,157],{},[52,118626,118628],{"className":54,"code":118627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,118629,118630],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118631,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654,118656],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118633,3658],{"class":75},[61,118635,198],{"class":190},[61,118637,3838],{"class":194},[61,118639,198],{"class":190},[61,118641,83],{"class":75},[61,118643,191],{"class":190},[61,118645,83108],{"class":194},[61,118647,198],{"class":190},[61,118649,83],{"class":75},[61,118651,191],{"class":190},[61,118653,118578],{"class":194},[61,118655,198],{"class":190},[61,118657,94],{"class":75},[14,118659,118660,118661,35085,118663,244],{},"You can learn more about ",[18,118662,42118],{},[235,118664,3332,118665,3265],{"href":42115},[18,118666,42118],{},[47,118668,118670,10337,118672],{"id":118669},"sorted-vs-listsort",[18,118671,74170],{},[18,118673,77613],{},[14,118675,118676],{},"The main difference is this:",[26,118678,118679,118684],{},[29,118680,118681,118683],{},[18,118682,74170],{}," returns a new list",[29,118685,118686,73708],{},[18,118687,77613],{},[14,118689,118690],{},"Also:",[26,118692,118693,118698],{},[29,118694,118695,118697],{},[18,118696,74170],{}," works with many iterables",[29,118699,118700,79046],{},[18,118701,77613],{},[14,118703,204,118704,1193],{},[18,118705,74170],{},[26,118707,118708,118711],{},[29,118709,118710],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[29,118712,118713],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118715,118716,118717,244],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[235,118718,3332,118719,10337,118721,5542],{"href":78871},[18,118720,74170],{},[18,118722,77613],{},[47,118724,118726],{"id":118725},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118728,118729,118730,244],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[18,118731,74170],{},[408,118733,118735],{"id":118734},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118737,118738,118739,824],{},"This can raise a ",[18,118740,1272],{},[52,118742,118744],{"className":54,"code":118743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,118745,118746,118770],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118747,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118749,712],{"class":67},[61,118751,72],{"class":71},[61,118753,76],{"class":75},[61,118755,80],{"class":79},[61,118757,83],{"class":75},[61,118759,522],{"class":190},[61,118761,1821],{"class":194},[61,118763,816],{"class":190},[61,118765,83],{"class":75},[61,118767,91],{"class":79},[61,118769,94],{"class":75},[61,118771,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118773,130],{"class":129},[61,118775,109],{"class":75},[61,118777,74260],{"class":129},[61,118779,109],{"class":75},[61,118781,743],{"class":112},[61,118783,154],{"class":75},[14,118785,118786],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[408,118788,118790,118791,2064],{"id":118789},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[18,118792,14596],{},[14,118794,118795],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,118797,1109],{},[52,118799,118801],{"className":54,"code":118800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[18,118802,118803,118823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118804,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815,118817,118819,118821],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118806,68],{"class":67},[61,118808,72],{"class":71},[61,118810,76],{"class":75},[61,118812,430],{"class":79},[61,118814,83],{"class":75},[61,118816,86],{"class":79},[61,118818,83],{"class":75},[61,118820,440],{"class":79},[61,118822,94],{"class":75},[61,118824,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118826,130],{"class":129},[61,118828,109],{"class":75},[61,118830,74260],{"class":129},[61,118832,109],{"class":75},[61,118834,113],{"class":112},[61,118836,83],{"class":75},[61,118838,21336],{"class":8933},[61,118840,72],{"class":71},[61,118842,10914],{"class":129},[61,118844,154],{"class":75},[14,118846,48269,118847,118849],{},[18,118848,42118],{}," does not work on integers.",[408,118851,118853],{"id":118852},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,118855,118856],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[52,118858,118860],{"className":54,"code":118859,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,118861,118862,118882,118892,118896],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118863,118864,118866,118868,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118865,68],{"class":67},[61,118867,72],{"class":71},[61,118869,76],{"class":75},[61,118871,1827],{"class":79},[61,118873,83],{"class":75},[61,118875,680],{"class":79},[61,118877,83],{"class":75},[61,118879,86],{"class":79},[61,118881,94],{"class":75},[61,118883,118884,118886,118888,118890],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118885,74260],{"class":129},[61,118887,109],{"class":75},[61,118889,113],{"class":112},[61,118891,116],{"class":75},[61,118893,118894],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,118895,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,118897,118898,118900,118902,118904],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,118899,130],{"class":129},[61,118901,109],{"class":75},[61,118903,113],{"class":112},[61,118905,116],{"class":75},[14,118907,157],{},[52,118909,118911],{"className":54,"code":118910,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[18,118912,118913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118914,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118916,3658],{"class":75},[61,118918,1827],{"class":79},[61,118920,83],{"class":75},[61,118922,680],{"class":79},[61,118924,83],{"class":75},[61,118926,86],{"class":79},[61,118928,94],{"class":75},[14,118930,118931],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[47,118933,2590],{"id":2589},[26,118935,118936,118940,118943,118948,118952],{},[29,118937,4341,118938,73708],{},[18,118939,74170],{},[29,118941,118942],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[29,118944,4466,118945,118947],{},[18,118946,74170],{}," always returns a list",[29,118949,8175,118950,22861],{},[18,118951,118400],{},[29,118953,312,118954,118956,118957],{},[18,118955,64057],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[18,118958,74170],{},[14,118960,118961],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[52,118963,118965],{"className":54,"code":118964,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[18,118966,118967,118989,119015,119053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118968,118969,118971,118973,118975,118977,118979,118981,118983,118985,118987],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118970,130],{"class":129},[61,118972,109],{"class":75},[61,118974,74260],{"class":129},[61,118976,1126],{"class":75},[61,118978,1827],{"class":79},[61,118980,83],{"class":75},[61,118982,680],{"class":79},[61,118984,83],{"class":75},[61,118986,86],{"class":79},[61,118988,2758],{"class":75},[61,118990,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,118992,130],{"class":129},[61,118994,109],{"class":75},[61,118996,147],{"class":105},[61,118998,109],{"class":75},[61,119000,74260],{"class":129},[61,119002,1028],{"class":75},[61,119004,1827],{"class":79},[61,119006,83],{"class":75},[61,119008,680],{"class":79},[61,119010,83],{"class":75},[61,119012,86],{"class":79},[61,119014,93112],{"class":75},[61,119016,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037,119039,119041,119043,119045,119047,119049,119051],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,119018,130],{"class":129},[61,119020,109],{"class":75},[61,119022,74260],{"class":129},[61,119024,1126],{"class":75},[61,119026,198],{"class":190},[61,119028,83108],{"class":194},[61,119030,198],{"class":190},[61,119032,83],{"class":75},[61,119034,191],{"class":190},[61,119036,3838],{"class":194},[61,119038,198],{"class":190},[61,119040,17819],{"class":75},[61,119042,21336],{"class":8933},[61,119044,72],{"class":71},[61,119046,3199],{"class":105},[61,119048,244],{"class":75},[61,119050,8399],{"class":24507},[61,119052,154],{"class":75},[61,119054,119055,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067,119069,119071,119073,119075,119077,119079,119081],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,119056,130],{"class":129},[61,119058,109],{"class":75},[61,119060,74260],{"class":129},[61,119062,1126],{"class":75},[61,119064,1827],{"class":79},[61,119066,83],{"class":75},[61,119068,680],{"class":79},[61,119070,83],{"class":75},[61,119072,86],{"class":79},[61,119074,17819],{"class":75},[61,119076,77816],{"class":8933},[61,119078,72],{"class":71},[61,119080,3361],{"class":3609},[61,119082,154],{"class":75},[14,119084,119085,119086,244],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[235,119087,52529],{"href":50737},[47,119089,1620],{"id":1619},[408,119091,12459,119093,56922],{"id":119092},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[18,119094,74170],{},[14,119096,119097],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[408,119099,4905,119101,12471],{"id":119100},"what-does-sorted-return",[18,119102,74170],{},[14,119104,119105],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[408,119107,119109,119110,10844,119112,2251],{"id":119108},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[18,119111,74170],{},[18,119113,77613],{},[14,119115,204,119116,119118],{},[18,119117,74170],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[408,119120,4905,119122,86196,119124,2251],{"id":119121},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[18,119123,118400],{},[18,119125,74170],{},[14,119127,119128],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[408,119130,4921,119132,119134,119135,2251],{"id":119131},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[18,119133,74170],{}," give a ",[18,119136,1272],{},[14,119138,119139],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[47,119141,1664],{"id":1663},[26,119143,119144,119148,119156,119160,119166,119172],{},[29,119145,119146],{},[235,119147,79619],{"href":78122},[29,119149,119150],{},[235,119151,3332,119152,10337,119154,5542],{"href":78871},[18,119153,74170],{},[18,119155,77613],{},[29,119157,119158],{},[235,119159,52529],{"href":50737},[29,119161,119162],{},[235,119163,3332,119164,3265],{"href":42115},[18,119165,42118],{},[29,119167,119168],{},[235,119169,3332,119170,3265],{"href":91768},[18,119171,35505],{},[29,119173,119174],{},[235,119175,3332,119176,3265],{"href":35952},[18,119177,618],{},[1693,119179,119180],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":119182},[119183,119184,119186,119189,119190,119197,119199,119201,119203,119209,119210,119222],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":117463,"depth":97,"text":119185},"What sorted() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248,"children":119187},[119188],{"id":17150,"depth":119,"text":17151},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":117702,"depth":97,"text":117703,"children":119191},[119192,119193,119194,119195,119196],{"id":7852,"depth":119,"text":117711},{"id":195,"depth":119,"text":117775},{"id":6046,"depth":119,"text":117872},{"id":60928,"depth":119,"text":117936},{"id":15360,"depth":119,"text":28980},{"id":118141,"depth":97,"text":119198},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118397,"depth":97,"text":119200},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118669,"depth":97,"text":119202},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118725,"depth":97,"text":118726,"children":119204},[119205,119206,119208],{"id":118734,"depth":119,"text":118735},{"id":118789,"depth":119,"text":119207},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118852,"depth":119,"text":118853},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":119211},[119212,119214,119216,119218,119220],{"id":119092,"depth":119,"text":119213},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119100,"depth":119,"text":119215},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119108,"depth":119,"text":119217},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119121,"depth":119,"text":119219},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119131,"depth":119,"text":119221},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117365,"description":119223},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119230,"title":119231,"body":119232,"description":121343,"extension":1727,"meta":121344,"navigation":122,"path":78871,"seo":121345,"stem":121346,"__hash__":121347},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119233,"toc":121290},[119234,119241,119244,119254,119260,119263,119281,119289,119291,119350,119358,119362,119384,119388,119392,119394,119411,119413,119425,119431,119515,119519,119566,119572,119579,119583,119588,119590,119602,119607,119660,119664,119684,119691,119698,119702,119705,119724,119728,119842,119846,119916,119918,119930,119935,119939,119952,119956,120031,120035,120074,120081,120087,120092,120096,120110,120114,120179,120183,120216,120219,120224,120232,120239,120252,120255,120259,120342,120346,120383,120387,120490,120494,120555,120560,120567,120571,120574,120580,120583,120650,120654,120678,120680,120698,120705,120758,120762,120782,120788,120790,120847,120854,120880,120885,120890,120898,120904,120964,120968,121015,121018,121020,121023,121049,121052,121145,121147,121167,121171,121174,121192,121198,121200,121208,121213,121220,121223,121229,121232,121238,121246,121254,121259,121261,121287],[10,119235,3332,119237,10337,119239,92826],{"id":119236},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[18,119238,74170],{},[18,119240,77613],{},[14,119242,119243],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[26,119245,119246,119250],{},[29,119247,119248],{},[18,119249,74170],{},[29,119251,119252],{},[18,119253,77613],{},[14,119255,119256,119257,119259],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[603,119258,605],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119261,119262],{},"The main difference is simple:",[26,119264,119265,119273],{},[29,119266,204,119267,119269,119270],{},[18,119268,74170],{}," when you want a ",[603,119271,119272],{},"new sorted result",[29,119274,204,119275,119277,119278],{},[18,119276,77613],{}," when you want to ",[603,119279,119280],{},"change the original list",[14,119282,119283,119284,2158,119286,119288],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[18,119285,77613],{},[18,119287,3536],{}," and causes confusion.",[47,119290,3366],{"id":3365},[52,119292,119294],{"className":54,"code":119293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[18,119295,119296,119316,119320,119337],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119297,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312,119314],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119299,68],{"class":67},[61,119301,72],{"class":71},[61,119303,76],{"class":75},[61,119305,1827],{"class":79},[61,119307,83],{"class":75},[61,119309,680],{"class":79},[61,119311,83],{"class":75},[61,119313,86],{"class":79},[61,119315,94],{"class":75},[61,119317,119318],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119319,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,119321,119322,119324,119326,119328,119330,119332,119334],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,119323,55648],{"class":67},[61,119325,72],{"class":71},[61,119327,74304],{"class":129},[61,119329,109],{"class":75},[61,119331,113],{"class":112},[61,119333,3417],{"class":75},[61,119335,119336],{"class":3420},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[61,119338,119339,119341,119343,119345,119347],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,119340,113],{"class":67},[61,119342,244],{"class":75},[61,119344,34554],{"class":112},[61,119346,1637],{"class":75},[61,119348,119349],{"class":3420},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119351,204,119352,119354,119355,119357],{},[18,119353,74170],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[18,119356,77613],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[47,119359,119361],{"id":119360},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[26,119363,119364,119369,119374,119381],{},[29,119365,204,119366,119368],{},[18,119367,74170],{}," to get a new sorted list",[29,119370,204,119371,119373],{},[18,119372,77613],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[29,119375,119376,119377,2158,119379],{},"Understand why ",[18,119378,77613],{},[18,119380,3536],{},[29,119382,119383],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[47,119385,3435,119386,3438],{"id":117463},[18,119387,74170],{},[14,119389,119390,216],{},[18,119391,74170],{},[14,119393,219],{},[26,119395,119396,119402,119408],{},[29,119397,119398,119399],{},"returns a ",[603,119400,119401],{},"new list",[29,119403,119404,119405,119407],{},"does ",[603,119406,605],{}," change the original data",[29,119409,119410],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119412,50891],{},[26,119414,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423],{},[29,119416,290],{},[29,119418,5066],{},[29,119420,293],{},[29,119422,299],{},[29,119424,35666],{},[408,119426,34833,119428,119430],{"id":119427},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[18,119429,74170],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[52,119432,119434],{"className":54,"code":119433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[18,119435,119436,119456,119460,119474,119478,119496],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119437,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446,119448,119450,119452,119454],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119439,68],{"class":67},[61,119441,72],{"class":71},[61,119443,76],{"class":75},[61,119445,1827],{"class":79},[61,119447,83],{"class":75},[61,119449,680],{"class":79},[61,119451,83],{"class":75},[61,119453,86],{"class":79},[61,119455,94],{"class":75},[61,119457,119458],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119459,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,119461,119462,119464,119466,119468,119470,119472],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,119463,100],{"class":67},[61,119465,72],{"class":71},[61,119467,74304],{"class":129},[61,119469,109],{"class":75},[61,119471,113],{"class":112},[61,119473,116],{"class":75},[61,119475,119476],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,119477,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,119479,119480,119482,119484,119486,119488,119490,119492,119494],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,119481,130],{"class":129},[61,119483,109],{"class":75},[61,119485,816],{"class":190},[61,119487,11908],{"class":194},[61,119489,816],{"class":190},[61,119491,83],{"class":75},[61,119493,4023],{"class":112},[61,119495,116],{"class":75},[61,119497,119498,119500,119502,119504,119507,119509,119511,119513],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,119499,130],{"class":129},[61,119501,109],{"class":75},[61,119503,816],{"class":190},[61,119505,119506],{"class":194},"sorted result:",[61,119508,816],{"class":190},[61,119510,83],{"class":75},[61,119512,80963],{"class":112},[61,119514,116],{"class":75},[14,119516,119517],{},[603,119518,157],{},[52,119520,119522],{"className":54,"code":119521,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,119523,119524,119544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119525,119526,119528,119530,119532,119534,119536,119538,119540,119542],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119527,11887],{"class":67},[61,119529,824],{"class":75},[61,119531,76],{"class":75},[61,119533,1827],{"class":79},[61,119535,83],{"class":75},[61,119537,680],{"class":79},[61,119539,83],{"class":75},[61,119541,86],{"class":79},[61,119543,94],{"class":75},[61,119545,119546,119548,119550,119552,119554,119556,119558,119560,119562,119564],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119547,74260],{"class":129},[61,119549,80963],{"class":67},[61,119551,824],{"class":75},[61,119553,76],{"class":75},[61,119555,80],{"class":79},[61,119557,83],{"class":75},[61,119559,86],{"class":79},[61,119561,83],{"class":75},[61,119563,91],{"class":79},[61,119565,94],{"class":75},[14,119567,119568,119569,119571],{},"The important part is that ",[18,119570,113],{}," stays the same.",[14,119573,119574,119575,244],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[235,119576,3332,119577,3265],{"href":74267},[18,119578,74170],{},[47,119580,3435,119581,3438],{"id":77679},[18,119582,77613],{},[14,119584,119585,119587],{},[18,119586,64057],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119589,219],{},[26,119591,119592,119595,119598],{},[29,119593,119594],{},"changes the original list directly",[29,119596,119597],{},"only works on lists",[29,119599,3450,119600],{},[18,119601,3536],{},[408,119603,34833,119605,73708],{"id":119604},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[18,119606,77613],{},[52,119608,119610],{"className":54,"code":119609,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119611,119612,119632,119636,119646,119650],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119613,119614,119616,119618,119620,119622,119624,119626,119628,119630],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119615,68],{"class":67},[61,119617,72],{"class":71},[61,119619,76],{"class":75},[61,119621,1827],{"class":79},[61,119623,83],{"class":75},[61,119625,680],{"class":79},[61,119627,83],{"class":75},[61,119629,86],{"class":79},[61,119631,94],{"class":75},[61,119633,119634],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119635,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,119637,119638,119640,119642,119644],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,119639,113],{"class":67},[61,119641,244],{"class":75},[61,119643,34554],{"class":112},[61,119645,263],{"class":75},[61,119647,119648],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,119649,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,119651,119652,119654,119656,119658],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,119653,130],{"class":129},[61,119655,109],{"class":75},[61,119657,113],{"class":112},[61,119659,116],{"class":75},[14,119661,119662],{},[603,119663,157],{},[52,119665,119666],{"className":54,"code":54908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,119667,119668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119669,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678,119680,119682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119671,3658],{"class":75},[61,119673,80],{"class":79},[61,119675,83],{"class":75},[61,119677,86],{"class":79},[61,119679,83],{"class":75},[61,119681,91],{"class":79},[61,119683,94],{"class":75},[14,119685,119686,119687,119690],{},"After calling ",[18,119688,119689],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119692,119693,119694,244],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[235,119695,3332,119696,10492],{"href":74521},[18,119697,77613],{},[47,119699,119701],{"id":119700},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119703,119704],{},"Here is the core difference:",[26,119706,119707,119716],{},[29,119708,119709,119712,119713],{},[18,119710,119711],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[603,119714,119715],{},"new sorted list",[29,119717,119718,119721,119722,74078],{},[18,119719,119720],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[18,119723,8096],{},[408,119725,119727],{"id":119726},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[52,119729,119731],{"className":54,"code":119730,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[18,119732,119733,119753,119757,119771,119790,119809,119813,119823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119734,119735,119737,119739,119741,119743,119745,119747,119749,119751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119736,68],{"class":67},[61,119738,72],{"class":71},[61,119740,76],{"class":75},[61,119742,645],{"class":79},[61,119744,83],{"class":75},[61,119746,86],{"class":79},[61,119748,83],{"class":75},[61,119750,693],{"class":79},[61,119752,94],{"class":75},[61,119754,119755],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119756,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,119758,119759,119761,119763,119765,119767,119769],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,119760,2313],{"class":67},[61,119762,72],{"class":71},[61,119764,74304],{"class":129},[61,119766,109],{"class":75},[61,119768,113],{"class":112},[61,119770,116],{"class":75},[61,119772,119773,119775,119777,119779,119782,119784,119786,119788],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,119774,130],{"class":129},[61,119776,109],{"class":75},[61,119778,816],{"class":190},[61,119780,119781],{"class":194},"numbers after sorted():",[61,119783,816],{"class":190},[61,119785,83],{"class":75},[61,119787,4023],{"class":112},[61,119789,116],{"class":75},[61,119791,119792,119794,119796,119798,119801,119803,119805,119807],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,119793,130],{"class":129},[61,119795,109],{"class":75},[61,119797,816],{"class":190},[61,119799,119800],{"class":194},"a:",[61,119802,816],{"class":190},[61,119804,83],{"class":75},[61,119806,56646],{"class":112},[61,119808,116],{"class":75},[61,119810,119811],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,119812,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,119814,119815,119817,119819,119821],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,119816,113],{"class":67},[61,119818,244],{"class":75},[61,119820,34554],{"class":112},[61,119822,263],{"class":75},[61,119824,119825,119827,119829,119831,119834,119836,119838,119840],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,119826,130],{"class":129},[61,119828,109],{"class":75},[61,119830,816],{"class":190},[61,119832,119833],{"class":194},"numbers after sort():",[61,119835,816],{"class":190},[61,119837,83],{"class":75},[61,119839,4023],{"class":112},[61,119841,116],{"class":75},[14,119843,119844],{},[603,119845,157],{},[52,119847,119849],{"className":54,"code":119848,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[18,119850,119851,119874,119894],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119852,119853,119856,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866,119868,119870,119872],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119854,119855],{"class":67},"numbers after ",[61,119857,74260],{"class":129},[61,119859,29341],{"class":75},[61,119861,76],{"class":75},[61,119863,645],{"class":79},[61,119865,83],{"class":75},[61,119867,86],{"class":79},[61,119869,83],{"class":75},[61,119871,693],{"class":79},[61,119873,94],{"class":75},[61,119875,119876,119878,119880,119882,119884,119886,119888,119890,119892],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119877,235],{"class":67},[61,119879,824],{"class":75},[61,119881,76],{"class":75},[61,119883,1821],{"class":79},[61,119885,83],{"class":75},[61,119887,693],{"class":79},[61,119889,83],{"class":75},[61,119891,4367],{"class":79},[61,119893,94],{"class":75},[61,119895,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,119897,119855],{"class":67},[61,119899,34554],{"class":112},[61,119901,29341],{"class":75},[61,119903,76],{"class":75},[61,119905,1821],{"class":79},[61,119907,83],{"class":75},[61,119909,693],{"class":79},[61,119911,83],{"class":75},[61,119913,4367],{"class":79},[61,119915,94],{"class":75},[14,119917,10464],{},[26,119919,119920,119925],{},[29,119921,119922,119924],{},[18,119923,74170],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[29,119926,119927,119929],{},[18,119928,64057],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[47,119931,4723,119933],{"id":119932},"when-to-use-sorted",[18,119934,74170],{},[14,119936,204,119937,1193],{},[18,119938,74170],{},[26,119940,119941,119944,119946,119949],{},[29,119942,119943],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[29,119945,118713],{},[29,119947,119948],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[29,119950,119951],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[408,119953,119955],{"id":119954},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[52,119957,119959],{"className":54,"code":119958,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,119960,119961,119985,119989,120003,120007,120017],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119962,119963,119965,119967,119969,119971,119973,119975,119977,119979,119981,119983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119964,68],{"class":67},[61,119966,72],{"class":71},[61,119968,1048],{"class":75},[61,119970,1129],{"class":79},[61,119972,83],{"class":75},[61,119974,680],{"class":79},[61,119976,83],{"class":75},[61,119978,91],{"class":79},[61,119980,83],{"class":75},[61,119982,86],{"class":79},[61,119984,116],{"class":75},[61,119986,119987],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,119988,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,119990,119991,119993,119995,119997,119999,120001],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,119992,100],{"class":67},[61,119994,72],{"class":71},[61,119996,74304],{"class":129},[61,119998,109],{"class":75},[61,120000,113],{"class":112},[61,120002,116],{"class":75},[61,120004,120005],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,120006,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120008,120009,120011,120013,120015],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,120010,130],{"class":129},[61,120012,109],{"class":75},[61,120014,135],{"class":112},[61,120016,116],{"class":75},[61,120018,120019,120021,120023,120025,120027,120029],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,120020,130],{"class":129},[61,120022,109],{"class":75},[61,120024,147],{"class":105},[61,120026,109],{"class":75},[61,120028,135],{"class":112},[61,120030,154],{"class":75},[14,120032,120033],{},[603,120034,157],{},[52,120036,120038],{"className":54,"code":120037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120039,120040,120060],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120041,120042,120044,120046,120048,120050,120052,120054,120056,120058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120043,3658],{"class":75},[61,120045,80],{"class":79},[61,120047,83],{"class":75},[61,120049,86],{"class":79},[61,120051,83],{"class":75},[61,120053,91],{"class":79},[61,120055,83],{"class":75},[61,120057,693],{"class":79},[61,120059,94],{"class":75},[61,120061,120062,120064,120066,120068,120070,120072],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120063,183],{"class":71},[61,120065,187],{"class":186},[61,120067,191],{"class":190},[61,120069,7852],{"class":194},[61,120071,198],{"class":190},[61,120073,201],{"class":71},[14,120075,2047,120076,120078,120079,244],{},[18,120077,74170],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[603,120080,7852],{},[14,120082,120083,120084,120086],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[235,120085,52529],{"href":50737}," is a helpful next step.",[47,120088,4723,120090],{"id":120089},"when-to-use-listsort",[18,120091,77613],{},[14,120093,204,120094,1193],{},[18,120095,77613],{},[26,120097,120098,120101,120104,120107],{},[29,120099,120100],{},"you already have a list",[29,120102,120103],{},"you want to update that list directly",[29,120105,120106],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[29,120108,120109],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[408,120111,120113],{"id":120112},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[52,120115,120117],{"className":54,"code":120116,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,120118,120119,120151,120155,120165,120169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120120,120121,120123,120125,120127,120129,120131,120133,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120122,4757],{"class":67},[61,120124,72],{"class":71},[61,120126,76],{"class":75},[61,120128,816],{"class":190},[61,120130,4784],{"class":194},[61,120132,816],{"class":190},[61,120134,83],{"class":75},[61,120136,522],{"class":190},[61,120138,4766],{"class":194},[61,120140,816],{"class":190},[61,120142,83],{"class":75},[61,120144,522],{"class":190},[61,120146,4775],{"class":194},[61,120148,816],{"class":190},[61,120150,94],{"class":75},[61,120152,120153],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120154,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120156,120157,120159,120161,120163],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,120158,4801],{"class":67},[61,120160,244],{"class":75},[61,120162,34554],{"class":112},[61,120164,263],{"class":75},[61,120166,120167],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,120168,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120170,120171,120173,120175,120177],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,120172,130],{"class":129},[61,120174,109],{"class":75},[61,120176,4801],{"class":112},[61,120178,116],{"class":75},[14,120180,120181],{},[603,120182,157],{},[52,120184,120186],{"className":54,"code":120185,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[18,120187,120188],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120189,120190,120192,120194,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204,120206,120208,120210,120212,120214],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120191,3658],{"class":75},[61,120193,198],{"class":190},[61,120195,4766],{"class":194},[61,120197,198],{"class":190},[61,120199,83],{"class":75},[61,120201,191],{"class":190},[61,120203,4775],{"class":194},[61,120205,198],{"class":190},[61,120207,83],{"class":75},[61,120209,191],{"class":190},[61,120211,4784],{"class":194},[61,120213,198],{"class":190},[61,120215,94],{"class":75},[14,120217,120218],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120220,120221,120222,244],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[235,120223,79619],{"href":78122},[47,120225,120227,4154,120229,120231],{"id":120226},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[18,120228,73323],{},[18,120230,14596],{}," work with both",[14,120233,10342,120234,4154,120236,120238],{},[18,120235,74170],{},[18,120237,77613],{}," support:",[26,120240,120241,120246],{},[29,120242,120243,120245],{},[18,120244,77837],{}," for descending order",[29,120247,120248,120251],{},[18,120249,120250],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120253,120254],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[408,120256,120258],{"id":120257},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[52,120260,120262],{"className":54,"code":120261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120263,120264,120284,120288,120310,120314,120332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120265,120266,120268,120270,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280,120282],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120267,68],{"class":67},[61,120269,72],{"class":71},[61,120271,76],{"class":75},[61,120273,1827],{"class":79},[61,120275,83],{"class":75},[61,120277,680],{"class":79},[61,120279,83],{"class":75},[61,120281,86],{"class":79},[61,120283,94],{"class":75},[61,120285,120286],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120287,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120289,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,120291,130],{"class":129},[61,120293,109],{"class":75},[61,120295,74260],{"class":129},[61,120297,109],{"class":75},[61,120299,113],{"class":112},[61,120301,83],{"class":75},[61,120303,77816],{"class":8933},[61,120305,72],{"class":71},[61,120307,3361],{"class":3609},[61,120309,154],{"class":75},[61,120311,120312],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,120313,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120315,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326,120328,120330],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,120317,113],{"class":67},[61,120319,244],{"class":75},[61,120321,34554],{"class":112},[61,120323,109],{"class":75},[61,120325,73323],{"class":8933},[61,120327,72],{"class":71},[61,120329,3361],{"class":3609},[61,120331,116],{"class":75},[61,120333,120334,120336,120338,120340],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,120335,130],{"class":129},[61,120337,109],{"class":75},[61,120339,113],{"class":112},[61,120341,116],{"class":75},[14,120343,120344],{},[603,120345,157],{},[52,120347,120349],{"className":54,"code":120348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,120350,120351,120367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120352,120353,120355,120357,120359,120361,120363,120365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120354,3658],{"class":75},[61,120356,1827],{"class":79},[61,120358,83],{"class":75},[61,120360,86],{"class":79},[61,120362,83],{"class":75},[61,120364,680],{"class":79},[61,120366,94],{"class":75},[61,120368,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120370,3658],{"class":75},[61,120372,1827],{"class":79},[61,120374,83],{"class":75},[61,120376,86],{"class":79},[61,120378,83],{"class":75},[61,120380,680],{"class":79},[61,120382,94],{"class":75},[408,120384,120386],{"id":120385},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[52,120388,120390],{"className":54,"code":120389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[18,120391,120392,120424,120428,120454,120458,120480],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120393,120394,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414,120416,120418,120420,120422],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120395,3829],{"class":67},[61,120397,72],{"class":71},[61,120399,76],{"class":75},[61,120401,816],{"class":190},[61,120403,83108],{"class":194},[61,120405,816],{"class":190},[61,120407,83],{"class":75},[61,120409,522],{"class":190},[61,120411,3838],{"class":194},[61,120413,816],{"class":190},[61,120415,83],{"class":75},[61,120417,522],{"class":190},[61,120419,118578],{"class":194},[61,120421,816],{"class":190},[61,120423,94],{"class":75},[61,120425,120426],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120427,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120429,120430,120432,120434,120436,120438,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,120431,130],{"class":129},[61,120433,109],{"class":75},[61,120435,74260],{"class":129},[61,120437,109],{"class":75},[61,120439,3873],{"class":112},[61,120441,83],{"class":75},[61,120443,21336],{"class":8933},[61,120445,72],{"class":71},[61,120447,3199],{"class":105},[61,120449,244],{"class":75},[61,120451,8399],{"class":24507},[61,120453,154],{"class":75},[61,120455,120456],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,120457,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120459,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,120461,3873],{"class":67},[61,120463,244],{"class":75},[61,120465,34554],{"class":112},[61,120467,109],{"class":75},[61,120469,14596],{"class":8933},[61,120471,72],{"class":71},[61,120473,3199],{"class":105},[61,120475,244],{"class":75},[61,120477,8399],{"class":24507},[61,120479,116],{"class":75},[61,120481,120482,120484,120486,120488],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,120483,130],{"class":129},[61,120485,109],{"class":75},[61,120487,3873],{"class":112},[61,120489,116],{"class":75},[14,120491,120492],{},[603,120493,157],{},[52,120495,120497],{"className":54,"code":120496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,120498,120499,120527],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120500,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523,120525],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120502,3658],{"class":75},[61,120504,198],{"class":190},[61,120506,3838],{"class":194},[61,120508,198],{"class":190},[61,120510,83],{"class":75},[61,120512,191],{"class":190},[61,120514,83108],{"class":194},[61,120516,198],{"class":190},[61,120518,83],{"class":75},[61,120520,191],{"class":190},[61,120522,118578],{"class":194},[61,120524,198],{"class":190},[61,120526,94],{"class":75},[61,120528,120529,120531,120533,120535,120537,120539,120541,120543,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120530,3658],{"class":75},[61,120532,198],{"class":190},[61,120534,3838],{"class":194},[61,120536,198],{"class":190},[61,120538,83],{"class":75},[61,120540,191],{"class":190},[61,120542,83108],{"class":194},[61,120544,198],{"class":190},[61,120546,83],{"class":75},[61,120548,191],{"class":190},[61,120550,118578],{"class":194},[61,120552,198],{"class":190},[61,120554,94],{"class":75},[14,120556,8175,120557,120559],{},[18,120558,78331],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120561,120562,120563,244],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[235,120564,120566],{"href":120565},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[47,120568,120570],{"id":120569},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120572,120573],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[408,120575,120577,120578,12352],{"id":120576},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[18,120579,77613],{},[14,120581,120582],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[52,120584,120586],{"className":54,"code":120585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120587,120588,120608,120612,120626,120630,120640],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120589,120590,120592,120594,120596,120598,120600,120602,120604,120606],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120591,68],{"class":67},[61,120593,72],{"class":71},[61,120595,76],{"class":75},[61,120597,1827],{"class":79},[61,120599,83],{"class":75},[61,120601,680],{"class":79},[61,120603,83],{"class":75},[61,120605,86],{"class":79},[61,120607,94],{"class":75},[61,120609,120610],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120611,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120613,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,120615,100],{"class":67},[61,120617,72],{"class":71},[61,120619,4023],{"class":67},[61,120621,244],{"class":75},[61,120623,34554],{"class":112},[61,120625,263],{"class":75},[61,120627,120628],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,120629,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120631,120632,120634,120636,120638],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,120633,130],{"class":129},[61,120635,109],{"class":75},[61,120637,135],{"class":112},[61,120639,116],{"class":75},[61,120641,120642,120644,120646,120648],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,120643,130],{"class":129},[61,120645,109],{"class":75},[61,120647,113],{"class":112},[61,120649,116],{"class":75},[14,120651,120652],{},[603,120653,157],{},[52,120655,120656],{"className":54,"code":78954,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,120657,120658,120662],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120659,120660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120661,11562],{"class":3609},[61,120663,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120665,3658],{"class":75},[61,120667,80],{"class":79},[61,120669,83],{"class":75},[61,120671,86],{"class":79},[61,120673,83],{"class":75},[61,120675,91],{"class":79},[61,120677,94],{"class":75},[14,120679,11654],{},[26,120681,120682,120687,120692],{},[29,120683,120684,120686],{},[18,120685,119689],{}," sorts the list in place",[29,120688,34770,120689,120691],{},[603,120690,605],{}," return the sorted list",[29,120693,89732,120694,41912,120696],{},[18,120695,135],{},[18,120697,3536],{},[408,120699,120701,120702,120704],{"id":120700},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[18,120703,74170],{}," to change the original list",[52,120706,120708],{"className":54,"code":120707,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120709,120710,120730,120734,120744,120748],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120711,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720,120722,120724,120726,120728],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120713,68],{"class":67},[61,120715,72],{"class":71},[61,120717,76],{"class":75},[61,120719,1827],{"class":79},[61,120721,83],{"class":75},[61,120723,680],{"class":79},[61,120725,83],{"class":75},[61,120727,86],{"class":79},[61,120729,94],{"class":75},[61,120731,120732],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120733,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120735,120736,120738,120740,120742],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,120737,74260],{"class":129},[61,120739,109],{"class":75},[61,120741,113],{"class":112},[61,120743,116],{"class":75},[61,120745,120746],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,120747,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120749,120750,120752,120754,120756],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,120751,130],{"class":129},[61,120753,109],{"class":75},[61,120755,113],{"class":112},[61,120757,116],{"class":75},[14,120759,120760],{},[603,120761,157],{},[52,120763,120764],{"className":54,"code":118910,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,120765,120766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120767,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120769,3658],{"class":75},[61,120771,1827],{"class":79},[61,120773,83],{"class":75},[61,120775,680],{"class":79},[61,120777,83],{"class":75},[61,120779,86],{"class":79},[61,120781,94],{"class":75},[14,120783,120784,120787],{},[18,120785,120786],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,120789,10559],{},[52,120791,120793],{"className":54,"code":120792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[18,120794,120795,120815,120819,120833,120837],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120796,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807,120809,120811,120813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120798,68],{"class":67},[61,120800,72],{"class":71},[61,120802,76],{"class":75},[61,120804,1827],{"class":79},[61,120806,83],{"class":75},[61,120808,680],{"class":79},[61,120810,83],{"class":75},[61,120812,86],{"class":79},[61,120814,94],{"class":75},[61,120816,120817],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120818,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120820,120821,120823,120825,120827,120829,120831],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,120822,55400],{"class":67},[61,120824,72],{"class":71},[61,120826,74304],{"class":129},[61,120828,109],{"class":75},[61,120830,113],{"class":112},[61,120832,116],{"class":75},[61,120834,120835],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,120836,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120838,120839,120841,120843,120845],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,120840,130],{"class":129},[61,120842,109],{"class":75},[61,120844,55419],{"class":112},[61,120846,116],{"class":75},[408,120848,120850,120851,120853],{"id":120849},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[18,120852,64057],{}," on a tuple or string",[52,120855,120856],{"className":54,"code":79056,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,120857,120858,120870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120859,120860,120862,120864,120866,120868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120861,517],{"class":67},[61,120863,72],{"class":71},[61,120865,522],{"class":190},[61,120867,56],{"class":194},[61,120869,528],{"class":190},[61,120871,120872,120874,120876,120878],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120873,541],{"class":67},[61,120875,244],{"class":75},[61,120877,34554],{"class":112},[61,120879,263],{"class":75},[14,120881,120882,120883,33356],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[18,120884,64057],{},[14,120886,120887,120889],{},[18,120888,64057],{}," only works on lists.",[14,120891,120892,120893,120895,120896,244],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[18,120894,74170],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[235,120897,4899],{"href":5345},[408,120899,120901,120902,118947],{"id":120900},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[18,120903,74170],{},[52,120905,120907],{"className":54,"code":120906,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,120908,120909,120922,120936,120940,120950],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120910,120911,120913,120915,120917,120920],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120912,517],{"class":67},[61,120914,72],{"class":71},[61,120916,522],{"class":190},[61,120918,120919],{"class":194},"cab",[61,120921,528],{"class":190},[61,120923,120924,120926,120928,120930,120932,120934],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,120925,100],{"class":67},[61,120927,72],{"class":71},[61,120929,74304],{"class":129},[61,120931,109],{"class":75},[61,120933,541],{"class":112},[61,120935,116],{"class":75},[61,120937,120938],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,120939,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,120941,120942,120944,120946,120948],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,120943,130],{"class":129},[61,120945,109],{"class":75},[61,120947,135],{"class":112},[61,120949,116],{"class":75},[61,120951,120952,120954,120956,120958,120960,120962],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,120953,130],{"class":129},[61,120955,109],{"class":75},[61,120957,147],{"class":105},[61,120959,109],{"class":75},[61,120961,135],{"class":112},[61,120963,154],{"class":75},[14,120965,120966],{},[603,120967,157],{},[52,120969,120971],{"className":54,"code":120970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120972,120973,121001],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120974,120975,120977,120979,120981,120983,120985,120987,120989,120991,120993,120995,120997,120999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120976,3658],{"class":75},[61,120978,198],{"class":190},[61,120980,235],{"class":194},[61,120982,198],{"class":190},[61,120984,83],{"class":75},[61,120986,191],{"class":190},[61,120988,1480],{"class":194},[61,120990,198],{"class":190},[61,120992,83],{"class":75},[61,120994,191],{"class":190},[61,120996,573],{"class":194},[61,120998,198],{"class":190},[61,121000,94],{"class":75},[61,121002,121003,121005,121007,121009,121011,121013],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121004,183],{"class":71},[61,121006,187],{"class":186},[61,121008,191],{"class":190},[61,121010,7852],{"class":194},[61,121012,198],{"class":190},[61,121014,201],{"class":71},[14,121016,121017],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[47,121019,113471],{"id":113470},[14,121021,121022],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[26,121024,121025,121028,121033,121038,121044],{},[29,121026,121027],{},"confusing a function with a method",[29,121029,121030,121031,53402],{},"not knowing that ",[18,121032,64057],{},[29,121034,121035,121036,12352],{},"assigning the result of ",[18,121037,77613],{},[29,121039,121040,121041,121043],{},"trying to use ",[18,121042,64057],{}," on non-list data types",[29,121045,50263,121046,121048],{},[18,121047,74170],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121050,121051],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[52,121053,121055],{"className":54,"code":121054,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[18,121056,121057,121067,121081,121106,121121,121131],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121058,121059,121061,121063,121065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121060,130],{"class":129},[61,121062,109],{"class":75},[61,121064,8096],{"class":112},[61,121066,116],{"class":75},[61,121068,121069,121071,121073,121075,121077,121079],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121070,130],{"class":129},[61,121072,109],{"class":75},[61,121074,74260],{"class":129},[61,121076,109],{"class":75},[61,121078,8096],{"class":112},[61,121080,154],{"class":75},[61,121082,121083,121085,121087,121089,121091,121093,121095,121098,121100,121102,121104],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,121084,100],{"class":67},[61,121086,72],{"class":71},[61,121088,8153],{"class":67},[61,121090,244],{"class":75},[61,121092,34554],{"class":112},[61,121094,1637],{"class":75},[61,121096,121097],{"class":67},"; ",[61,121099,130],{"class":129},[61,121101,109],{"class":75},[61,121103,135],{"class":112},[61,121105,116],{"class":75},[61,121107,121108,121110,121112,121114,121116,121119],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,121109,130],{"class":129},[61,121111,109],{"class":75},[61,121113,147],{"class":105},[61,121115,109],{"class":75},[61,121117,121118],{"class":112},"my_data",[61,121120,154],{"class":75},[61,121122,121123,121125,121127,121129],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,121124,31908],{"class":129},[61,121126,109],{"class":75},[61,121128,74260],{"class":129},[61,121130,116],{"class":75},[61,121132,121133,121135,121137,121139,121141,121143],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,121134,31908],{"class":129},[61,121136,109],{"class":75},[61,121138,7852],{"class":105},[61,121140,244],{"class":75},[61,121142,34554],{"class":24507},[61,121144,116],{"class":75},[14,121146,84118],{},[26,121148,121149,121152,121156,121164],{},[29,121150,121151],{},"whether your original list changed",[29,121153,25776,121154,11459],{},[18,121155,74170],{},[29,121157,121158,121159,121161,121162],{},"whether ",[18,121160,64057],{}," returned ",[18,121163,3536],{},[29,121165,121166],{},"what type of object you are working with",[47,121168,121170],{"id":121169},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121172,121173],{},"Use this rule:",[26,121175,121176,121184],{},[29,121177,121178,121179,121181,121182],{},"Need a ",[603,121180,119272],{},": use ",[18,121183,74170],{},[29,121185,121186,121187,121181,121190],{},"Need to ",[603,121188,121189],{},"change one list directly",[18,121191,77613],{},[14,121193,121194,121195,121197],{},"For many beginners, ",[18,121196,74170],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[47,121199,1620],{"id":1619},[408,121201,121203,121204,2638,121206,2251],{"id":121202},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[18,121205,74170],{},[18,121207,77613],{},[14,121209,121210,121212],{},[18,121211,74170],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[408,121214,4921,121216,4924,121218,2251],{"id":121215},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[18,121217,77613],{},[18,121219,3536],{},[14,121221,121222],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[408,121224,4933,121226,121228],{"id":121225},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[18,121227,74170],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121230,121231],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[408,121233,28085,121235,121237],{"id":121234},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[18,121236,64057],{}," on a string?",[14,121239,46123,121240,121242,121243,39686],{},[18,121241,64057],{}," is a list method. Use ",[18,121244,121245],{},"sorted(string)",[408,121247,11573,121249,4154,121251,121253],{"id":121248},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[18,121250,74170],{},[18,121252,64057],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121255,121256,121257,244],{},"Yes. Both support ",[18,121258,77837],{},[47,121260,1664],{"id":1663},[26,121262,121263,121269,121275,121279,121283],{},[29,121264,121265],{},[235,121266,3332,121267,3265],{"href":74267},[18,121268,74170],{},[29,121270,121271],{},[235,121272,3332,121273,10492],{"href":74521},[18,121274,77613],{},[29,121276,121277],{},[235,121278,79619],{"href":78122},[29,121280,121281],{},[235,121282,120566],{"href":120565},[29,121284,121285],{},[235,121286,52529],{"href":50737},[1693,121288,121289],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":121291},[121292,121293,121294,121298,121302,121305,121309,121313,121318,121328,121329,121330,121342],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":119360,"depth":97,"text":119361},{"id":117463,"depth":97,"text":119185,"children":121295},[121296],{"id":119427,"depth":119,"text":121297},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77679,"depth":97,"text":79641,"children":121299},[121300],{"id":119604,"depth":119,"text":121301},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119700,"depth":97,"text":119701,"children":121303},[121304],{"id":119726,"depth":119,"text":119727},{"id":119932,"depth":97,"text":121306,"children":121307},"When to use sorted()",[121308],{"id":119954,"depth":119,"text":119955},{"id":120089,"depth":97,"text":121310,"children":121311},"When to use list.sort()",[121312],{"id":120112,"depth":119,"text":120113},{"id":120226,"depth":97,"text":121314,"children":121315},"reverse and key work with both",[121316,121317],{"id":120257,"depth":119,"text":120258},{"id":120385,"depth":119,"text":120386},{"id":120569,"depth":97,"text":120570,"children":121319},[121320,121322,121324,121326],{"id":120576,"depth":119,"text":121321},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120700,"depth":119,"text":121323},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120849,"depth":119,"text":121325},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120900,"depth":119,"text":121327},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113470,"depth":97,"text":113471},{"id":121169,"depth":97,"text":121170},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":121331},[121332,121334,121336,121338,121340],{"id":121202,"depth":119,"text":121333},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121215,"depth":119,"text":121335},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121225,"depth":119,"text":121337},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121234,"depth":119,"text":121339},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121248,"depth":119,"text":121341},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119231,"description":121343},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121349,"title":41933,"body":121350,"description":123082,"extension":1727,"meta":123083,"navigation":122,"path":123084,"seo":123085,"stem":123086,"__hash__":123087},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121351,"toc":123039},[121352,121357,121362,121368,121370,121425,121429,121452,121457,121462,121467,121469,121500,121503,121517,121519,121521,121536,121541,121545,121548,121599,121603,121617,121624,121628,121632,121687,121691,121714,121718,121774,121778,121801,121805,121860,121864,121887,121891,121958,121962,121997,122003,122008,122013,122015,122029,122031,122105,122109,122129,122134,122141,122144,122156,122158,122227,122231,122268,122271,122296,122303,122312,122315,122327,122333,122339,122341,122347,122352,122431,122435,122476,122480,122482,122509,122512,122535,122538,122544,122547,122584,122596,122603,122605,122656,122659,122691,122694,122696,122703,122705,122720,122722,122779,122783,122807,122809,122814,122830,122837,122841,122844,122927,122937,122939,122944,122947,122953,122956,122962,122965,122971,122974,122981,122989,122991,123036],[10,121353,3332,121355,3336],{"id":121354},"python-str-function-explained",[18,121356,47442],{},[14,121358,32073,121359,121361],{},[18,121360,47442],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121363,121364,121365,121367],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,121366,47442],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[47,121369,50],{"id":49},[52,121371,121373],{"className":54,"code":121372,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121374,121375,121383,121397,121401,121411],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121376,121377,121379,121381],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121378,21385],{"class":67},[61,121380,72],{"class":71},[61,121382,44983],{"class":79},[61,121384,121385,121387,121389,121391,121393,121395],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121386,517],{"class":67},[61,121388,72],{"class":71},[61,121390,48663],{"class":105},[61,121392,109],{"class":75},[61,121394,838],{"class":112},[61,121396,116],{"class":75},[61,121398,121399],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,121400,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,121402,121403,121405,121407,121409],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,121404,130],{"class":129},[61,121406,109],{"class":75},[61,121408,541],{"class":112},[61,121410,116],{"class":75},[61,121412,121413,121415,121417,121419,121421,121423],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,121414,130],{"class":129},[61,121416,109],{"class":75},[61,121418,147],{"class":105},[61,121420,109],{"class":75},[61,121422,541],{"class":112},[61,121424,154],{"class":75},[14,121426,121427],{},[603,121428,157],{},[52,121430,121432],{"className":54,"code":121431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121433,121434,121438],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121435,121436],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121437,2468],{"class":79},[61,121439,121440,121442,121444,121446,121448,121450],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121441,183],{"class":71},[61,121443,187],{"class":186},[61,121445,191],{"class":190},[61,121447,3199],{"class":194},[61,121449,198],{"class":190},[61,121451,201],{"class":71},[14,121453,204,121454,121456],{},[18,121455,47442],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[47,121458,3435,121460,3438],{"id":121459},"what-str-does",[18,121461,47442],{},[14,121463,121464,121466],{},[18,121465,47442],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121468,1871],{},[26,121470,121471,121478,121485,121492],{},[29,121472,121473,121474,41912,121476],{},"An integer like ",[18,121475,430],{},[18,121477,41883],{},[29,121479,121480,121481,41912,121483],{},"A float like ",[18,121482,39900],{},[18,121484,47853],{},[29,121486,121487,121488,41912,121490],{},"A boolean like ",[18,121489,3361],{},[18,121491,6401],{},[29,121493,121494,121495,41912,121497],{},"A list like ",[18,121496,74992],{},[18,121498,121499],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121501,121502],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[26,121504,121505,121508,121511,121514],{},[29,121506,121507],{},"print it",[29,121509,121510],{},"combine it with other strings",[29,121512,121513],{},"save it to a file",[29,121515,121516],{},"use it in messages",[47,121518,248],{"id":247},[14,121520,6979],{},[52,121522,121524],{"className":54,"code":121523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"str(object)\n",[18,121525,121526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121527,121528,121530,121532,121534],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121529,3199],{"class":105},[61,121531,109],{"class":75},[61,121533,42156],{"class":105},[61,121535,116],{"class":75},[14,121537,20527,121538,121540],{},[18,121539,42156],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121542,121543,7982],{},[18,121544,47442],{},[14,121546,121547],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[52,121549,121551],{"className":54,"code":121550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,121552,121553,121562,121585,121589],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121554,121555,121557,121559],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121556,4858],{"class":67},[61,121558,72],{"class":71},[61,121560,121561],{"class":79}," 100\n",[61,121563,121564,121566,121568,121570,121573,121575,121577,121579,121581,121583],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121565,89752],{"class":67},[61,121567,72],{"class":71},[61,121569,522],{"class":190},[61,121571,121572],{"class":194},"Your score is ",[61,121574,816],{"class":190},[61,121576,2214],{"class":71},[61,121578,48663],{"class":105},[61,121580,109],{"class":75},[61,121582,85265],{"class":112},[61,121584,116],{"class":75},[61,121586,121587],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,121588,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,121590,121591,121593,121595,121597],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,121592,130],{"class":129},[61,121594,109],{"class":75},[61,121596,89769],{"class":112},[61,121598,116],{"class":75},[14,121600,121601],{},[603,121602,157],{},[52,121604,121606],{"className":54,"code":121605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Your score is 100\n",[18,121607,121608],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121609,121610,121613,121615],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121611,121612],{"class":67},"Your score ",[61,121614,11948],{"class":71},[61,121616,121561],{"class":79},[14,121618,2057,121619,121623],{},[235,121620,121621,2064],{"href":2060},[18,121622,2063],{}," can help you check.",[47,121625,121627],{"id":121626},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[408,121629,121631],{"id":121630},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[52,121633,121635],{"className":54,"code":121634,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121636,121637,121645,121659,121663,121673],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121638,121639,121641,121643],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121640,1979],{"class":67},[61,121642,72],{"class":71},[61,121644,2346],{"class":79},[61,121646,121647,121649,121651,121653,121655,121657],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121648,517],{"class":67},[61,121650,72],{"class":71},[61,121652,48663],{"class":105},[61,121654,109],{"class":75},[61,121656,2001],{"class":112},[61,121658,116],{"class":75},[61,121660,121661],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,121662,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,121664,121665,121667,121669,121671],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,121666,130],{"class":129},[61,121668,109],{"class":75},[61,121670,541],{"class":112},[61,121672,116],{"class":75},[61,121674,121675,121677,121679,121681,121683,121685],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,121676,130],{"class":129},[61,121678,109],{"class":75},[61,121680,147],{"class":105},[61,121682,109],{"class":75},[61,121684,541],{"class":112},[61,121686,154],{"class":75},[14,121688,121689],{},[603,121690,157],{},[52,121692,121694],{"className":54,"code":121693,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121695,121696,121700],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121697,121698],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121699,2137],{"class":79},[61,121701,121702,121704,121706,121708,121710,121712],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121703,183],{"class":71},[61,121705,187],{"class":186},[61,121707,191],{"class":190},[61,121709,3199],{"class":194},[61,121711,198],{"class":190},[61,121713,201],{"class":71},[408,121715,121717],{"id":121716},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[52,121719,121721],{"className":54,"code":121720,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121722,121723,121732,121746,121750,121760],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121724,121725,121727,121729],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121726,40144],{"class":67},[61,121728,72],{"class":71},[61,121730,121731],{"class":79}," 3.14\n",[61,121733,121734,121736,121738,121740,121742,121744],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121735,517],{"class":67},[61,121737,72],{"class":71},[61,121739,48663],{"class":105},[61,121741,109],{"class":75},[61,121743,24907],{"class":112},[61,121745,116],{"class":75},[61,121747,121748],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,121749,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,121751,121752,121754,121756,121758],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,121753,130],{"class":129},[61,121755,109],{"class":75},[61,121757,541],{"class":112},[61,121759,116],{"class":75},[61,121761,121762,121764,121766,121768,121770,121772],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,121763,130],{"class":129},[61,121765,109],{"class":75},[61,121767,147],{"class":105},[61,121769,109],{"class":75},[61,121771,541],{"class":112},[61,121773,154],{"class":75},[14,121775,121776],{},[603,121777,157],{},[52,121779,121781],{"className":54,"code":121780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121782,121783,121787],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121784,121785],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121786,39934],{"class":79},[61,121788,121789,121791,121793,121795,121797,121799],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121790,183],{"class":71},[61,121792,187],{"class":186},[61,121794,191],{"class":190},[61,121796,3199],{"class":194},[61,121798,198],{"class":190},[61,121800,201],{"class":71},[408,121802,121804],{"id":121803},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[52,121806,121808],{"className":54,"code":121807,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121809,121810,121818,121832,121836,121846],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121811,121812,121814,121816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121813,1580],{"class":67},[61,121815,72],{"class":71},[61,121817,6182],{"class":3609},[61,121819,121820,121822,121824,121826,121828,121830],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121821,517],{"class":67},[61,121823,72],{"class":71},[61,121825,48663],{"class":105},[61,121827,109],{"class":75},[61,121829,1605],{"class":112},[61,121831,116],{"class":75},[61,121833,121834],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,121835,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,121837,121838,121840,121842,121844],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,121839,130],{"class":129},[61,121841,109],{"class":75},[61,121843,541],{"class":112},[61,121845,116],{"class":75},[61,121847,121848,121850,121852,121854,121856,121858],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,121849,130],{"class":129},[61,121851,109],{"class":75},[61,121853,147],{"class":105},[61,121855,109],{"class":75},[61,121857,541],{"class":112},[61,121859,154],{"class":75},[14,121861,121862],{},[603,121863,157],{},[52,121865,121867],{"className":54,"code":121866,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121868,121869,121873],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121870,121871],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121872,3738],{"class":3609},[61,121874,121875,121877,121879,121881,121883,121885],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121876,183],{"class":71},[61,121878,187],{"class":186},[61,121880,191],{"class":190},[61,121882,3199],{"class":194},[61,121884,198],{"class":190},[61,121886,201],{"class":71},[408,121888,121890],{"id":121889},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[52,121892,121894],{"className":54,"code":121893,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121895,121896,121916,121930,121934,121944],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121897,121898,121900,121902,121904,121906,121908,121910,121912,121914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121899,7539],{"class":67},[61,121901,72],{"class":71},[61,121903,76],{"class":75},[61,121905,80],{"class":79},[61,121907,83],{"class":75},[61,121909,86],{"class":79},[61,121911,83],{"class":75},[61,121913,91],{"class":79},[61,121915,94],{"class":75},[61,121917,121918,121920,121922,121924,121926,121928],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121919,517],{"class":67},[61,121921,72],{"class":71},[61,121923,48663],{"class":105},[61,121925,109],{"class":75},[61,121927,993],{"class":112},[61,121929,116],{"class":75},[61,121931,121932],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,121933,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,121935,121936,121938,121940,121942],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,121937,130],{"class":129},[61,121939,109],{"class":75},[61,121941,541],{"class":112},[61,121943,116],{"class":75},[61,121945,121946,121948,121950,121952,121954,121956],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,121947,130],{"class":129},[61,121949,109],{"class":75},[61,121951,147],{"class":105},[61,121953,109],{"class":75},[61,121955,541],{"class":112},[61,121957,154],{"class":75},[14,121959,121960],{},[603,121961,157],{},[52,121963,121965],{"className":54,"code":121964,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121966,121967,121983],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121968,121969,121971,121973,121975,121977,121979,121981],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121970,3658],{"class":75},[61,121972,80],{"class":79},[61,121974,83],{"class":75},[61,121976,86],{"class":79},[61,121978,83],{"class":75},[61,121980,91],{"class":79},[61,121982,94],{"class":75},[61,121984,121985,121987,121989,121991,121993,121995],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,121986,183],{"class":71},[61,121988,187],{"class":186},[61,121990,191],{"class":190},[61,121992,3199],{"class":194},[61,121994,198],{"class":190},[61,121996,201],{"class":71},[14,121998,121999,122000,122002],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[603,122001,605],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[47,122004,4723,122006],{"id":122005},"when-to-use-str",[18,122007,47442],{},[14,122009,204,122010,122012],{},[18,122011,47442],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122014,36182],{},[26,122016,122017,122020,122023,122026],{},[29,122018,122019],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[29,122021,122022],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[29,122024,122025],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[29,122027,122028],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122030,1109],{},[52,122032,122034],{"className":54,"code":122033,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,122035,122036,122048,122056,122060,122095],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122037,122038,122040,122042,122044,122046],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122039,7634],{"class":67},[61,122041,72],{"class":71},[61,122043,522],{"class":190},[61,122045,11262],{"class":194},[61,122047,528],{"class":190},[61,122049,122050,122052,122054],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122051,21385],{"class":67},[61,122053,72],{"class":71},[61,122055,44983],{"class":79},[61,122057,122058],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,122059,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,122061,122062,122064,122066,122068,122070,122072,122074,122076,122078,122080,122082,122084,122086,122088,122090,122093],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,122063,89752],{"class":67},[61,122065,72],{"class":71},[61,122067,35725],{"class":67},[61,122069,1824],{"class":71},[61,122071,522],{"class":190},[61,122073,4545],{"class":194},[61,122075,816],{"class":190},[61,122077,2214],{"class":71},[61,122079,48663],{"class":105},[61,122081,109],{"class":75},[61,122083,838],{"class":112},[61,122085,3417],{"class":75},[61,122087,2214],{"class":71},[61,122089,522],{"class":190},[61,122091,122092],{"class":194}," years old.",[61,122094,528],{"class":190},[61,122096,122097,122099,122101,122103],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,122098,130],{"class":129},[61,122100,109],{"class":75},[61,122102,89769],{"class":112},[61,122104,116],{"class":75},[14,122106,122107],{},[603,122108,157],{},[52,122110,122112],{"className":54,"code":122111,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[18,122113,122114],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122115,122116,122119,122121,122123,122126],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122117,122118],{"class":67},"Maya ",[61,122120,11948],{"class":71},[61,122122,845],{"class":79},[61,122124,122125],{"class":67}," years old",[61,122127,122128],{"class":75},".\n",[14,122130,122131,122132,244],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[235,122133,89438],{"href":89437},[47,122135,122137,10337,122139],{"id":122136},"str-vs-print",[18,122138,47442],{},[18,122140,46210],{},[14,122142,122143],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[26,122145,122146,122151],{},[29,122147,122148,122150],{},[18,122149,47442],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[29,122152,122153,122155],{},[18,122154,46210],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122157,1109],{},[52,122159,122161],{"className":54,"code":122160,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,122162,122163,122171,122175,122189,122199,122213],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122164,122165,122167,122169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122166,1580],{"class":67},[61,122168,72],{"class":71},[61,122170,2528],{"class":79},[61,122172,122173],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122174,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,122176,122177,122179,122181,122183,122185,122187],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,122178,517],{"class":67},[61,122180,72],{"class":71},[61,122182,48663],{"class":105},[61,122184,109],{"class":75},[61,122186,1605],{"class":112},[61,122188,116],{"class":75},[61,122190,122191,122193,122195,122197],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,122192,130],{"class":129},[61,122194,109],{"class":75},[61,122196,541],{"class":112},[61,122198,116],{"class":75},[61,122200,122201,122203,122205,122207,122209,122211],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,122202,130],{"class":129},[61,122204,109],{"class":75},[61,122206,147],{"class":105},[61,122208,109],{"class":75},[61,122210,541],{"class":112},[61,122212,154],{"class":75},[61,122214,122215,122217,122219,122221,122223,122225],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,122216,130],{"class":129},[61,122218,109],{"class":75},[61,122220,147],{"class":105},[61,122222,109],{"class":75},[61,122224,1605],{"class":112},[61,122226,154],{"class":75},[14,122228,122229],{},[603,122230,157],{},[52,122232,122234],{"className":54,"code":122233,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,122235,122236,122240,122254],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122237,122238],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122239,46370],{"class":79},[61,122241,122242,122244,122246,122248,122250,122252],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122243,183],{"class":71},[61,122245,187],{"class":186},[61,122247,191],{"class":190},[61,122249,3199],{"class":194},[61,122251,198],{"class":190},[61,122253,201],{"class":71},[61,122255,122256,122258,122260,122262,122264,122266],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,122257,183],{"class":71},[61,122259,187],{"class":186},[61,122261,191],{"class":190},[61,122263,1279],{"class":194},[61,122265,198],{"class":190},[61,122267,201],{"class":71},[14,122269,122270],{},"Notice:",[26,122272,122273,122279,122284],{},[29,122274,122275,122278],{},[18,122276,122277],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[29,122280,122281,122283],{},[18,122282,46210],{}," only displayed values",[29,122285,122286,122288,122289,122291,122292,61055,122294],{},[18,122287,46210],{}," did not change ",[18,122290,1605],{}," from ",[18,122293,1279],{},[18,122295,3199],{},[14,122297,122298,122299,244],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[235,122300,122301,2064],{"href":46207},[18,122302,46210],{},[47,122304,122306,10337,122308,122311],{"id":122305},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[18,122307,47442],{},[18,122309,122310],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122313,122314],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[26,122316,122317,122322],{},[29,122318,122319,122321],{},[18,122320,47442],{}," is the more readable text version",[29,122323,122324,122326],{},[18,122325,122310],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122328,122329,122330,122332],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[18,122331,47442],{}," much more often.",[14,122334,122335,122336,122338],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[18,122337,47442],{}," is usually the right choice.",[47,122340,4280],{"id":4279},[408,122342,25531,122344,122346],{"id":122343},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[18,122345,47442],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122348,122349,122351],{},[18,122350,47442],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[52,122353,122355],{"className":54,"code":122354,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122356,122357,122365,122379,122383,122393,122407,122417],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122358,122359,122361,122363],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122360,21385],{"class":67},[61,122362,72],{"class":71},[61,122364,44983],{"class":79},[61,122366,122367,122369,122371,122373,122375,122377],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122368,517],{"class":67},[61,122370,72],{"class":71},[61,122372,48663],{"class":105},[61,122374,109],{"class":75},[61,122376,838],{"class":112},[61,122378,116],{"class":75},[61,122380,122381],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,122382,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,122384,122385,122387,122389,122391],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,122386,130],{"class":129},[61,122388,109],{"class":75},[61,122390,838],{"class":112},[61,122392,116],{"class":75},[61,122394,122395,122397,122399,122401,122403,122405],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,122396,130],{"class":129},[61,122398,109],{"class":75},[61,122400,147],{"class":105},[61,122402,109],{"class":75},[61,122404,838],{"class":112},[61,122406,154],{"class":75},[61,122408,122409,122411,122413,122415],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,122410,130],{"class":129},[61,122412,109],{"class":75},[61,122414,541],{"class":112},[61,122416,116],{"class":75},[61,122418,122419,122421,122423,122425,122427,122429],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,122420,130],{"class":129},[61,122422,109],{"class":75},[61,122424,147],{"class":105},[61,122426,109],{"class":75},[61,122428,541],{"class":112},[61,122430,154],{"class":75},[14,122432,122433],{},[603,122434,157],{},[52,122436,122438],{"className":54,"code":122437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122439,122440,122444,122458,122462],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122441,122442],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122443,2468],{"class":79},[61,122445,122446,122448,122450,122452,122454,122456],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122447,183],{"class":71},[61,122449,187],{"class":186},[61,122451,191],{"class":190},[61,122453,1279],{"class":194},[61,122455,198],{"class":190},[61,122457,201],{"class":71},[61,122459,122460],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,122461,2468],{"class":79},[61,122463,122464,122466,122468,122470,122472,122474],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,122465,183],{"class":71},[61,122467,187],{"class":186},[61,122469,191],{"class":190},[61,122471,3199],{"class":194},[61,122473,198],{"class":190},[61,122475,201],{"class":71},[408,122477,122479],{"id":122478},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122481,6448],{},[52,122483,122485],{"className":54,"code":122484,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[18,122486,122487,122495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122488,122489,122491,122493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122490,21385],{"class":67},[61,122492,72],{"class":71},[61,122494,44983],{"class":79},[61,122496,122497,122499,122501,122503,122505,122507],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122498,517],{"class":67},[61,122500,72],{"class":71},[61,122502,48663],{"class":105},[61,122504,109],{"class":75},[61,122506,838],{"class":112},[61,122508,116],{"class":75},[14,122510,122511],{},"But if you only do this:",[52,122513,122515],{"className":54,"code":122514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[18,122516,122517,122525],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122518,122519,122521,122523],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122520,21385],{"class":67},[61,122522,72],{"class":71},[61,122524,44983],{"class":79},[61,122526,122527,122529,122531,122533],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122528,3199],{"class":105},[61,122530,109],{"class":75},[61,122532,838],{"class":112},[61,122534,116],{"class":75},[14,122536,122537],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[408,122539,8175,122541,122543],{"id":122540},"using-str-too-early",[18,122542,47442],{}," too early",[14,122545,122546],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[52,122548,122550],{"className":54,"code":122549,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[18,122551,122552,122560,122575,122579],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122553,122554,122556,122558],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122555,40144],{"class":67},[61,122557,72],{"class":71},[61,122559,2346],{"class":79},[61,122561,122562,122565,122567,122569,122571,122573],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122563,122564],{"class":67},"text_price ",[61,122566,72],{"class":71},[61,122568,48663],{"class":105},[61,122570,109],{"class":75},[61,122572,24907],{"class":112},[61,122574,116],{"class":75},[61,122576,122577],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,122578,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,122580,122581],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,122582,122583],{"class":3420},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122585,122586,122587,2638,122591,122595],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[235,122588,122589],{"href":2634},[18,122590,2637],{},[235,122592,122593],{"href":2641},[18,122594,2644],{},", depending on the situation.",[408,122597,8211,122599,122602],{"id":122598},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[18,122600,122601],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122604,64389],{},[52,122606,122608],{"className":54,"code":122607,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[18,122609,122610,122642],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122611,122612,122614,122616,122618,122620,122622,122624,122626,122628,122630,122632,122634,122636,122638,122640],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122613,7539],{"class":67},[61,122615,72],{"class":71},[61,122617,76],{"class":75},[61,122619,816],{"class":190},[61,122621,3838],{"class":194},[61,122623,816],{"class":190},[61,122625,83],{"class":75},[61,122627,522],{"class":190},[61,122629,3847],{"class":194},[61,122631,816],{"class":190},[61,122633,83],{"class":75},[61,122635,522],{"class":190},[61,122637,32976],{"class":194},[61,122639,816],{"class":190},[61,122641,94],{"class":75},[61,122643,122644,122646,122648,122650,122652,122654],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122645,130],{"class":129},[61,122647,109],{"class":75},[61,122649,3199],{"class":105},[61,122651,109],{"class":75},[61,122653,993],{"class":112},[61,122655,154],{"class":75},[14,122657,122658],{},"prints:",[52,122660,122661],{"className":54,"code":72582,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,122662,122663],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122664,122665,122667,122669,122671,122673,122675,122677,122679,122681,122683,122685,122687,122689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122666,3658],{"class":75},[61,122668,198],{"class":190},[61,122670,3838],{"class":194},[61,122672,198],{"class":190},[61,122674,83],{"class":75},[61,122676,191],{"class":190},[61,122678,3847],{"class":194},[61,122680,198],{"class":190},[61,122682,83],{"class":75},[61,122684,191],{"class":190},[61,122686,32976],{"class":194},[61,122688,198],{"class":190},[61,122690,94],{"class":75},[14,122692,122693],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[47,122695,17175],{"id":17174},[14,122697,122698,21732,122700,244],{},[18,122699,47442],{},[603,122701,122702],{},"new string",[14,122704,277],{},[26,122706,122707,122710,122713],{},[29,122708,122709],{},"It always returns a string",[29,122711,122712],{},"It does not modify the original object",[29,122714,7522,122715,122719],{},[235,122716,122717],{"href":2060},[18,122718,2063],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122721,1109],{},[52,122723,122725],{"className":54,"code":122724,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,122726,122727,122735,122750,122754,122765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122728,122729,122731,122733],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122730,1580],{"class":67},[61,122732,72],{"class":71},[61,122734,13885],{"class":79},[61,122736,122737,122740,122742,122744,122746,122748],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122738,122739],{"class":67},"converted ",[61,122741,72],{"class":71},[61,122743,48663],{"class":105},[61,122745,109],{"class":75},[61,122747,1605],{"class":112},[61,122749,116],{"class":75},[61,122751,122752],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,122753,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,122755,122756,122758,122760,122763],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,122757,130],{"class":129},[61,122759,109],{"class":75},[61,122761,122762],{"class":112},"converted",[61,122764,116],{"class":75},[61,122766,122767,122769,122771,122773,122775,122777],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,122768,130],{"class":129},[61,122770,109],{"class":75},[61,122772,147],{"class":105},[61,122774,109],{"class":75},[61,122776,122762],{"class":112},[61,122778,154],{"class":75},[14,122780,122781],{},[603,122782,157],{},[52,122784,122786],{"className":54,"code":122785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122787,122788,122793],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122789,122790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122791,122792],{"class":79},"99\n",[61,122794,122795,122797,122799,122801,122803,122805],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122796,183],{"class":71},[61,122798,187],{"class":186},[61,122800,191],{"class":190},[61,122802,3199],{"class":194},[61,122804,198],{"class":190},[61,122806,201],{"class":71},[47,122808,113471],{"id":113470},[14,122810,122811,122812,74561],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[18,122813,47442],{},[26,122815,122816,122819,122822,122827],{},[29,122817,122818],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[29,122820,122821],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[29,122823,8175,122824,122826],{},[18,122825,47442],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[29,122828,122829],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,122831,122832,122833,244],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[235,122834,25436,122835],{"href":90150},[18,122836,90151],{},[47,122838,122840],{"id":122839},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,122842,122843],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[52,122845,122847],{"className":54,"code":122846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,122848,122849,122857,122861,122871,122885,122889,122903,122913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122850,122851,122853,122855],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122852,1580],{"class":67},[61,122854,72],{"class":71},[61,122856,44983],{"class":79},[61,122858,122859],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,122860,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,122862,122863,122865,122867,122869],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,122864,130],{"class":129},[61,122866,109],{"class":75},[61,122868,1605],{"class":112},[61,122870,116],{"class":75},[61,122872,122873,122875,122877,122879,122881,122883],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,122874,130],{"class":129},[61,122876,109],{"class":75},[61,122878,147],{"class":105},[61,122880,109],{"class":75},[61,122882,1605],{"class":112},[61,122884,154],{"class":75},[61,122886,122887],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,122888,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,122890,122891,122893,122895,122897,122899,122901],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,122892,122739],{"class":67},[61,122894,72],{"class":71},[61,122896,48663],{"class":105},[61,122898,109],{"class":75},[61,122900,1605],{"class":112},[61,122902,116],{"class":75},[61,122904,122905,122907,122909,122911],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,122906,130],{"class":129},[61,122908,109],{"class":75},[61,122910,122762],{"class":112},[61,122912,116],{"class":75},[61,122914,122915,122917,122919,122921,122923,122925],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,122916,130],{"class":129},[61,122918,109],{"class":75},[61,122920,147],{"class":105},[61,122922,109],{"class":75},[61,122924,122762],{"class":112},[61,122926,154],{"class":75},[14,122928,122929,122930,1951,122932,122934,122935,244],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[18,122931,1279],{},[18,122933,1954],{},", or another type into ",[18,122936,3199],{},[47,122938,1620],{"id":1619},[408,122940,4905,122942,4908],{"id":122941},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[18,122943,47442],{},[14,122945,122946],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[408,122948,12459,122950,122952],{"id":122949},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[18,122951,47442],{}," change the original variable?",[14,122954,122955],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[408,122957,4933,122959,122961],{"id":122958},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[18,122960,47442],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,122963,122964],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[408,122966,94336,122968,122970],{"id":122967},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[18,122969,47442],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,122972,122973],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[408,122975,14658,122977,56964,122979,2251],{"id":122976},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[18,122978,47442],{},[18,122980,46210],{},[14,122982,46123,122983,122985,122986,122988],{},[18,122984,47442],{}," converts to text. ",[18,122987,46210],{}," shows output.",[47,122990,1664],{"id":1663},[26,122992,122993,122999,123005,123011,123017,123026,123030],{},[29,122994,122995],{},[235,122996,122997,3265],{"href":46207},[18,122998,46210],{},[29,123000,123001],{},[235,123002,123003,3265],{"href":2060},[18,123004,2063],{},[29,123006,123007],{},[235,123008,123009,3265],{"href":2634},[18,123010,2637],{},[29,123012,123013],{},[235,123014,123015,3265],{"href":2641},[18,123016,2644],{},[29,123018,123019],{},[235,123020,123022,123023,123025],{"href":123021},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[18,123024,1279],{}," to string in Python",[29,123027,123028],{},[235,123029,90428],{"href":89437},[29,123031,123032],{},[235,123033,30102,123034],{"href":90150},[18,123035,90151],{},[1693,123037,123038],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":123040},[123041,123042,123044,123045,123051,123053,123055,123057,123066,123067,123068,123069,123081],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":121459,"depth":97,"text":123043},"What str() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":121626,"depth":97,"text":121627,"children":123046},[123047,123048,123049,123050],{"id":121630,"depth":119,"text":121631},{"id":121716,"depth":119,"text":121717},{"id":121803,"depth":119,"text":121804},{"id":121889,"depth":119,"text":121890},{"id":122005,"depth":97,"text":123052},"When to use str()",{"id":122136,"depth":97,"text":123054},"str() vs print()",{"id":122305,"depth":97,"text":123056},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":123058},[123059,123061,123062,123064],{"id":122343,"depth":119,"text":123060},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122478,"depth":119,"text":122479},{"id":122540,"depth":119,"text":123063},"Using str() too early",{"id":122598,"depth":119,"text":123065},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":113470,"depth":97,"text":113471},{"id":122839,"depth":97,"text":122840},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":123070},[123071,123073,123075,123077,123079],{"id":122941,"depth":119,"text":123072},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122949,"depth":119,"text":123074},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122958,"depth":119,"text":123076},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122967,"depth":119,"text":123078},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122976,"depth":119,"text":123080},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41933,"description":123082},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123089,"title":123090,"body":123091,"description":124544,"extension":1727,"meta":124545,"navigation":122,"path":124546,"seo":124547,"stem":124548,"__hash__":124549},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123092,"toc":124506},[123093,123099,123105,123108,123130,123132,123194,123196,123209,123215,123220,123225,123227,123240,123251,123253,123280,123282,123299,123306,123317,123319,123324,123326,123338,123346,123355,123357,123360,123413,123415,123423,123431,123435,123440,123480,123482,123490,123493,123495,123535,123537,123545,123555,123561,123564,123637,123639,123652,123656,123661,123689,123692,123727,123729,123737,123740,123744,123748,123750,123766,123768,123808,123810,123818,123827,123870,123872,123880,123882,123886,123892,123895,123935,123937,123945,123950,123953,123996,124000,124003,124038,124043,124045,124084,124094,124102,124112,124120,124124,124129,124131,124172,124174,124182,124187,124190,124193,124211,124217,124221,124226,124229,124269,124271,124276,124375,124378,124394,124396,124415,124417,124424,124427,124433,124436,124442,124446,124452,124455,124461,124464,124466,124503],[10,123094,123096,123097,11075],{"id":123095},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[18,123098,57049],{},[14,123100,123101,123102,123104],{},"The Python string ",[18,123103,57049],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123106,123107],{},"This reference page explains:",[26,123109,123110,123114,123117,123119,123127],{},[29,123111,25776,123112,3438],{},[18,123113,57049],{},[29,123115,123116],{},"its syntax",[29,123118,35150],{},[29,123120,123121,123122,4154,123124,123126],{},"how ",[18,123123,35829],{},[18,123125,52418],{}," work",[29,123128,123129],{},"common beginner mistakes",[47,123131,50],{"id":49},[52,123133,123135],{"className":54,"code":123134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,123136,123137,123149,123171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123138,123139,123141,123143,123145,123147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123140,517],{"class":67},[61,123142,72],{"class":71},[61,123144,522],{"class":190},[61,123146,3847],{"class":194},[61,123148,528],{"class":190},[61,123150,123151,123153,123155,123157,123159,123161,123163,123165,123167,123169],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123152,130],{"class":129},[61,123154,109],{"class":75},[61,123156,541],{"class":112},[61,123158,244],{"class":75},[61,123160,41016],{"class":112},[61,123162,109],{"class":75},[61,123164,816],{"class":190},[61,123166,235],{"class":194},[61,123168,816],{"class":190},[61,123170,154],{"class":75},[61,123172,123173,123175,123177,123179,123181,123183,123185,123187,123190,123192],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,123174,130],{"class":129},[61,123176,109],{"class":75},[61,123178,541],{"class":112},[61,123180,244],{"class":75},[61,123182,41016],{"class":112},[61,123184,109],{"class":75},[61,123186,816],{"class":190},[61,123188,123189],{"class":194},"na",[61,123191,816],{"class":190},[61,123193,154],{"class":75},[14,123195,157],{},[52,123197,123199],{"className":54,"code":123198,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n2\n",[18,123200,123201,123205],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123202,123203],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123204,46375],{"class":79},[61,123206,123207],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123208,16813],{"class":79},[14,123210,204,123211,123214],{},[18,123212,123213],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[47,123216,12751,123218,12754],{"id":123217},"what-the-count-method-does",[18,123219,57049],{},[14,123221,123222,123224],{},[18,123223,57049],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123226,12807],{},[26,123228,123229,123232,123235,123237],{},[29,123230,123231],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[29,123233,123234],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[29,123236,43416],{},[29,123238,123239],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123241,123242,123243,123245,123246,1951,123248,123250],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[18,123244,17853],{}," characters are in ",[18,123247,65020],{},[18,123249,57049],{}," is a simple choice.",[47,123252,248],{"id":247},[52,123254,123256],{"className":54,"code":123255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[18,123257,123258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123259,123260,123262,123264,123266,123268,123270,123272,123274,123276,123278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123261,60928],{"class":67},[61,123263,244],{"class":75},[61,123265,41016],{"class":112},[61,123267,109],{"class":75},[61,123269,1605],{"class":112},[61,123271,83],{"class":75},[61,123273,35808],{"class":112},[61,123275,83],{"class":75},[61,123277,64786],{"class":112},[61,123279,116],{"class":75},[408,123281,17151],{"id":17150},[26,123283,123284,123289,123294],{},[29,123285,123286,123288],{},[18,123287,1605],{},": the text to search for",[29,123290,123291,123293],{},[18,123292,35829],{},": optional; where counting begins",[29,123295,123296,123298],{},[18,123297,52418],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123300,123301,4154,123303,123305],{},[18,123302,35829],{},[18,123304,52418],{}," work like slice positions:",[26,123307,123308,123313],{},[29,123309,123310,123312],{},[18,123311,35829],{}," is included",[29,123314,123315,75487],{},[18,123316,52418],{},[47,123318,17175],{"id":17174},[14,123320,123321,123323],{},[18,123322,57049],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123325,1889],{},[26,123327,123328,123333],{},[29,123329,123330,123331],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[18,123332,1827],{},[29,123334,123335,123336],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[18,123337,675],{},[14,123339,1386,123340,4924,123342,2638,123344,244],{},[603,123341,605],{},[18,123343,3361],{},[18,123345,3431],{},[14,123347,123348,123349,123354],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[235,123350,123352,101346],{"href":123351},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[18,123353,3641],{}," is often a better fit.",[47,123356,11228],{"id":11227},[14,123358,123359],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[52,123361,123363],{"className":54,"code":123362,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,123364,123365,123377,123399,123403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123366,123367,123369,123371,123373,123375],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123368,517],{"class":67},[61,123370,72],{"class":71},[61,123372,522],{"class":190},[61,123374,3838],{"class":194},[61,123376,528],{"class":190},[61,123378,123379,123381,123383,123385,123387,123389,123391,123393,123395,123397],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123380,100],{"class":67},[61,123382,72],{"class":71},[61,123384,42599],{"class":67},[61,123386,244],{"class":75},[61,123388,41016],{"class":112},[61,123390,109],{"class":75},[61,123392,816],{"class":190},[61,123394,14],{"class":194},[61,123396,816],{"class":190},[61,123398,116],{"class":75},[61,123400,123401],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,123402,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,123404,123405,123407,123409,123411],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,123406,130],{"class":129},[61,123408,109],{"class":75},[61,123410,135],{"class":112},[61,123412,116],{"class":75},[14,123414,157],{},[52,123416,123417],{"className":54,"code":16813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,123418,123419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123420,123421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123422,16813],{"class":79},[14,123424,63565,123425,123428,123429,244],{},[18,123426,123427],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[18,123430,57592],{},[47,123432,123434],{"id":123433},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123436,123437,123439],{},[18,123438,57049],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[52,123441,123443],{"className":54,"code":123442,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[18,123444,123445,123458],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123446,123447,123449,123451,123453,123456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123448,517],{"class":67},[61,123450,72],{"class":71},[61,123452,522],{"class":190},[61,123454,123455],{"class":194},"cat dog cat bird cat",[61,123457,528],{"class":190},[61,123459,123460,123462,123464,123466,123468,123470,123472,123474,123476,123478],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123461,130],{"class":129},[61,123463,109],{"class":75},[61,123465,541],{"class":112},[61,123467,244],{"class":75},[61,123469,41016],{"class":112},[61,123471,109],{"class":75},[61,123473,816],{"class":190},[61,123475,525],{"class":194},[61,123477,816],{"class":190},[61,123479,154],{"class":75},[14,123481,157],{},[52,123483,123484],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,123485,123486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123487,123488],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123489,46375],{"class":79},[14,123491,123492],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123494,1109],{},[52,123496,123498],{"className":54,"code":123497,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[18,123499,123500,123513],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123501,123502,123504,123506,123508,123511],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123503,517],{"class":67},[61,123505,72],{"class":71},[61,123507,522],{"class":190},[61,123509,123510],{"class":194},"one One one",[61,123512,528],{"class":190},[61,123514,123515,123517,123519,123521,123523,123525,123527,123529,123531,123533],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123516,130],{"class":129},[61,123518,109],{"class":75},[61,123520,541],{"class":112},[61,123522,244],{"class":75},[61,123524,41016],{"class":112},[61,123526,109],{"class":75},[61,123528,816],{"class":190},[61,123530,6345],{"class":194},[61,123532,816],{"class":190},[61,123534,154],{"class":75},[14,123536,157],{},[52,123538,123539],{"className":54,"code":16813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,123540,123541],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123542,123543],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123544,16813],{"class":79},[14,123546,123547,123548,123551,123552,123554],{},"The uppercase ",[18,123549,123550],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[18,123553,57049],{}," is case-sensitive.",[47,123556,8175,123557,4154,123559],{"id":65152},[18,123558,35829],{},[18,123560,52418],{},[14,123562,123563],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[52,123565,123567],{"className":54,"code":123566,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[18,123568,123569,123581,123607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123570,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123572,517],{"class":67},[61,123574,72],{"class":71},[61,123576,522],{"class":190},[61,123578,3847],{"class":194},[61,123580,528],{"class":190},[61,123582,123583,123585,123587,123589,123591,123593,123595,123597,123599,123601,123603,123605],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123584,130],{"class":129},[61,123586,109],{"class":75},[61,123588,541],{"class":112},[61,123590,244],{"class":75},[61,123592,41016],{"class":112},[61,123594,109],{"class":75},[61,123596,816],{"class":190},[61,123598,235],{"class":194},[61,123600,816],{"class":190},[61,123602,83],{"class":75},[61,123604,86],{"class":79},[61,123606,154],{"class":75},[61,123608,123609,123611,123613,123615,123617,123619,123621,123623,123625,123627,123629,123631,123633,123635],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,123610,130],{"class":129},[61,123612,109],{"class":75},[61,123614,541],{"class":112},[61,123616,244],{"class":75},[61,123618,41016],{"class":112},[61,123620,109],{"class":75},[61,123622,816],{"class":190},[61,123624,235],{"class":194},[61,123626,816],{"class":190},[61,123628,83],{"class":75},[61,123630,86],{"class":79},[61,123632,83],{"class":75},[61,123634,4367],{"class":79},[61,123636,154],{"class":75},[14,123638,157],{},[52,123640,123642],{"className":54,"code":123641,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n1\n",[18,123643,123644,123648],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123645,123646],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123647,16813],{"class":79},[61,123649,123650],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123651,46675],{"class":79},[408,123653,123655],{"id":123654},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123657,123658,123659,824],{},"In ",[18,123660,65020],{},[26,123662,123663,123671,123679],{},[29,123664,70711,123665,123667,123668],{},[18,123666,1821],{}," starts at the first ",[18,123669,123670],{},"\"n\"",[29,123672,123673,123676,123677,75785],{},[18,123674,123675],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[18,123678,1821],{},[29,123680,123681,123676,123684,123686,123687],{},[18,123682,123683],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[18,123685,1821],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[18,123688,645],{},[14,123690,123691],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[52,123693,123695],{"className":54,"code":123694,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[18,123696,123697,123709],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123698,123699,123701,123703,123705,123707],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123700,517],{"class":67},[61,123702,72],{"class":71},[61,123704,522],{"class":190},[61,123706,3847],{"class":194},[61,123708,528],{"class":190},[61,123710,123711,123713,123715,123717,123719,123721,123723,123725],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123712,130],{"class":129},[61,123714,109],{"class":75},[61,123716,541],{"class":112},[61,123718,3658],{"class":75},[61,123720,1821],{"class":79},[61,123722,824],{"class":75},[61,123724,645],{"class":79},[61,123726,1137],{"class":75},[14,123728,157],{},[52,123730,123731],{"className":54,"code":41225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,123732,123733],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123734,123735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123736,41225],{"class":67},[14,123738,123739],{},"Only that section is searched.",[47,123741,123743],{"id":123742},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123745,123746,123554],{},[18,123747,57049],{},[14,123749,1871],{},[26,123751,123752,123760],{},[29,123753,123754,4154,123756,123759],{},[18,123755,17853],{},[18,123757,123758],{},"\"A\""," are different",[29,123761,123762,4154,123764,123759],{},[18,123763,64280],{},[18,123765,90163],{},[14,123767,1109],{},[52,123769,123771],{"className":54,"code":123770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,123772,123773,123786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123774,123775,123777,123779,123781,123784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123776,517],{"class":67},[61,123778,72],{"class":71},[61,123780,522],{"class":190},[61,123782,123783],{"class":194},"Apple apple APPLE",[61,123785,528],{"class":190},[61,123787,123788,123790,123792,123794,123796,123798,123800,123802,123804,123806],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123789,130],{"class":129},[61,123791,109],{"class":75},[61,123793,541],{"class":112},[61,123795,244],{"class":75},[61,123797,41016],{"class":112},[61,123799,109],{"class":75},[61,123801,816],{"class":190},[61,123803,3838],{"class":194},[61,123805,816],{"class":190},[61,123807,154],{"class":75},[14,123809,157],{},[52,123811,123812],{"className":54,"code":46675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,123813,123814],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123815,123816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123817,46675],{"class":79},[14,123819,123820,123821,824],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[235,123822,123824],{"href":123823},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[18,123825,123826],{},"lower()",[52,123828,123830],{"className":54,"code":123829,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,123831,123832,123844],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123833,123834,123836,123838,123840,123842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123835,517],{"class":67},[61,123837,72],{"class":71},[61,123839,522],{"class":190},[61,123841,123783],{"class":194},[61,123843,528],{"class":190},[61,123845,123846,123848,123850,123852,123854,123856,123858,123860,123862,123864,123866,123868],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123847,130],{"class":129},[61,123849,109],{"class":75},[61,123851,541],{"class":112},[61,123853,244],{"class":75},[61,123855,8399],{"class":112},[61,123857,8396],{"class":75},[61,123859,41016],{"class":112},[61,123861,109],{"class":75},[61,123863,816],{"class":190},[61,123865,3838],{"class":194},[61,123867,816],{"class":190},[61,123869,154],{"class":75},[14,123871,157],{},[52,123873,123874],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,123875,123876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123877,123878],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123879,46375],{"class":79},[47,123881,2590],{"id":2589},[14,123883,22852,123884,244],{},[18,123885,57049],{},[408,123887,8211,123889,123891],{"id":123888},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[18,123890,57049],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,123893,123894],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[52,123896,123898],{"className":54,"code":123897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,123899,123900,123913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123901,123902,123904,123906,123908,123911],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123903,517],{"class":67},[61,123905,72],{"class":71},[61,123907,522],{"class":190},[61,123909,123910],{"class":194},"Aardvark",[61,123912,528],{"class":190},[61,123914,123915,123917,123919,123921,123923,123925,123927,123929,123931,123933],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123916,130],{"class":129},[61,123918,109],{"class":75},[61,123920,541],{"class":112},[61,123922,244],{"class":75},[61,123924,41016],{"class":112},[61,123926,109],{"class":75},[61,123928,816],{"class":190},[61,123930,235],{"class":194},[61,123932,816],{"class":190},[61,123934,154],{"class":75},[14,123936,157],{},[52,123938,123939],{"className":54,"code":16813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,123940,123941],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123942,123943],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123944,16813],{"class":79},[14,123946,123547,123947,123949],{},[18,123948,123758],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,123951,123952],{},"If needed, convert first:",[52,123954,123956],{"className":54,"code":123955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[18,123957,123958,123970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123959,123960,123962,123964,123966,123968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123961,517],{"class":67},[61,123963,72],{"class":71},[61,123965,522],{"class":190},[61,123967,123910],{"class":194},[61,123969,528],{"class":190},[61,123971,123972,123974,123976,123978,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992,123994],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,123973,130],{"class":129},[61,123975,109],{"class":75},[61,123977,541],{"class":112},[61,123979,244],{"class":75},[61,123981,8399],{"class":112},[61,123983,8396],{"class":75},[61,123985,41016],{"class":112},[61,123987,109],{"class":75},[61,123989,816],{"class":190},[61,123991,235],{"class":194},[61,123993,816],{"class":190},[61,123995,154],{"class":75},[408,123997,123999],{"id":123998},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124001,124002],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[52,124004,124006],{"className":54,"code":124005,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[18,124007,124008,124020],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124009,124010,124012,124014,124016,124018],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124011,517],{"class":67},[61,124013,72],{"class":71},[61,124015,522],{"class":190},[61,124017,3847],{"class":194},[61,124019,528],{"class":190},[61,124021,124022,124024,124026,124028,124030,124032,124034,124036],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124023,130],{"class":129},[61,124025,109],{"class":75},[61,124027,541],{"class":112},[61,124029,244],{"class":75},[61,124031,41016],{"class":112},[61,124033,109],{"class":75},[61,124035,235],{"class":112},[61,124037,154],{"class":75},[14,124039,124040,124041,244],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[18,124042,235],{},[14,124044,10559],{},[52,124046,124048],{"className":54,"code":124047,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124049,124050,124062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124051,124052,124054,124056,124058,124060],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124053,517],{"class":67},[61,124055,72],{"class":71},[61,124057,522],{"class":190},[61,124059,3847],{"class":194},[61,124061,528],{"class":190},[61,124063,124064,124066,124068,124070,124072,124074,124076,124078,124080,124082],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124065,130],{"class":129},[61,124067,109],{"class":75},[61,124069,541],{"class":112},[61,124071,244],{"class":75},[61,124073,41016],{"class":112},[61,124075,109],{"class":75},[61,124077,816],{"class":190},[61,124079,235],{"class":194},[61,124081,816],{"class":190},[61,124083,154],{"class":75},[408,124085,36960,124087,8463,124089,2638,124092],{"id":124086},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[18,124088,57049],{},[18,124090,124091],{},"find()",[18,124093,58727],{},[14,124095,204,124096,124098,124099,244],{},[18,124097,57049],{}," when you need the ",[603,124100,124101],{},"number of matches",[14,124103,204,124104,124098,124109,124111],{},[235,124105,124107],{"href":124106},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[18,124108,124091],{},[603,124110,64692],{}," of the first match.",[14,124113,204,124114,124119],{},[235,124115,124117],{"href":124116},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[18,124118,58727],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[408,124121,124123],{"id":124122},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124125,124126,124128],{},[18,124127,57049],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124130,1109],{},[52,124132,124134],{"className":54,"code":124133,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[18,124135,124136,124149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124137,124138,124140,124142,124144,124147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124139,517],{"class":67},[61,124141,72],{"class":71},[61,124143,522],{"class":190},[61,124145,124146],{"class":194},"aaaa",[61,124148,528],{"class":190},[61,124150,124151,124153,124155,124157,124159,124161,124163,124165,124168,124170],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124152,130],{"class":129},[61,124154,109],{"class":75},[61,124156,541],{"class":112},[61,124158,244],{"class":75},[61,124160,41016],{"class":112},[61,124162,109],{"class":75},[61,124164,816],{"class":190},[61,124166,124167],{"class":194},"aa",[61,124169,816],{"class":190},[61,124171,154],{"class":75},[14,124173,157],{},[52,124175,124176],{"className":54,"code":16813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,124177,124178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124179,124180],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124181,16813],{"class":79},[14,124183,124184,124185,244],{},"It does not return ",[18,124186,1827],{},[14,124188,124189],{},"Why not?",[14,124191,124192],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[26,124194,124195,124204],{},[29,124196,124197,124200,124201],{},[18,124198,124199],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[18,124202,124203],{},"0-1",[29,124205,124206,124200,124208],{},[18,124207,124199],{},[18,124209,124210],{},"2-3",[14,124212,124213,124214,244],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[18,124215,124216],{},"1-2",[47,124218,4723,124219],{"id":58132},[18,124220,57049],{},[14,124222,204,124223,124225],{},[18,124224,57049],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124227,124228],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[26,124230,124231,124240,124250,124260],{},[29,124232,204,124233,124235,124236,124239],{},[18,124234,57049],{}," when you need ",[603,124237,124238],{},"how many times"," something appears",[29,124241,204,124242,124235,124246,124249],{},[235,124243,124244],{"href":124106},[18,124245,124091],{},[603,124247,124248],{},"where"," it appears",[29,124251,47569,124252,124256,124257],{},[235,124253,124254,101346],{"href":123351},[18,124255,3641],{}," when you only need to know ",[603,124258,124259],{},"if it exists",[29,124261,204,124262,124268],{},[235,124263,124265],{"href":124264},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[18,124266,124267],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[47,124270,25699],{"id":25698},[14,124272,8634,124273,124275],{},[18,124274,57049],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[52,124277,124279],{"className":54,"code":124278,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,124280,124281,124291,124305,124327,124353],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124282,124283,124285,124287,124289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124284,130],{"class":129},[61,124286,109],{"class":75},[61,124288,541],{"class":112},[61,124290,116],{"class":75},[61,124292,124293,124295,124297,124299,124301,124303],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124294,130],{"class":129},[61,124296,109],{"class":75},[61,124298,147],{"class":105},[61,124300,109],{"class":75},[61,124302,541],{"class":112},[61,124304,154],{"class":75},[61,124306,124307,124309,124311,124313,124315,124317,124319,124321,124323,124325],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,124308,130],{"class":129},[61,124310,109],{"class":75},[61,124312,541],{"class":112},[61,124314,244],{"class":75},[61,124316,41016],{"class":112},[61,124318,109],{"class":75},[61,124320,816],{"class":190},[61,124322,235],{"class":194},[61,124324,816],{"class":190},[61,124326,154],{"class":75},[61,124328,124329,124331,124333,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343,124345,124347,124349,124351],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,124330,130],{"class":129},[61,124332,109],{"class":75},[61,124334,541],{"class":112},[61,124336,244],{"class":75},[61,124338,8399],{"class":112},[61,124340,8396],{"class":75},[61,124342,41016],{"class":112},[61,124344,109],{"class":75},[61,124346,816],{"class":190},[61,124348,235],{"class":194},[61,124350,816],{"class":190},[61,124352,154],{"class":75},[61,124354,124355,124357,124359,124361,124363,124365,124367,124369,124371,124373],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,124356,130],{"class":129},[61,124358,109],{"class":75},[61,124360,541],{"class":112},[61,124362,244],{"class":75},[61,124364,41016],{"class":112},[61,124366,109],{"class":75},[61,124368,816],{"class":190},[61,124370,123189],{"class":194},[61,124372,816],{"class":190},[61,124374,154],{"class":75},[14,124376,124377],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[26,124379,124380,124383,124388,124391],{},[29,124381,124382],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[29,124384,124385,124387],{},[18,124386,541],{}," not being a string",[29,124389,124390],{},"counting the wrong substring",[29,124392,124393],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124395,58621],{},[26,124397,124398,124401,124404,124407],{},[29,124399,124400],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[29,124402,124403],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[29,124405,124406],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[29,124408,50249,124409,44387,124411,2638,124413,73057],{},[18,124410,57049],{},[18,124412,124091],{},[18,124414,3641],{},[47,124416,1620],{"id":1619},[408,124418,124420,124421,124423],{"id":124419},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[18,124422,57049],{}," change the original string?",[14,124425,124426],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[408,124428,14658,124430,124432],{"id":124429},"is-count-case-sensitive",[18,124431,57049],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124434,124435],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[408,124437,4905,124439,124441],{"id":124438},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[18,124440,57049],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124443,4911,124444,244],{},[18,124445,675],{},[408,124447,4933,124449,124451],{"id":124448},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[18,124450,57049],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124453,124454],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[408,124456,12459,124458,124460],{"id":124457},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[18,124459,57049],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124462,124463],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[47,124465,1664],{"id":1663},[26,124467,124468,124475,124482,124489,124496],{},[29,124469,124470],{},[235,124471,124472],{"href":124106},[18,124473,124474],{},"Python string find() method",[29,124476,124477],{},[235,124478,124479],{"href":124116},[18,124480,124481],{},"Python string index() method",[29,124483,124484],{},[235,124485,124486],{"href":123823},[18,124487,124488],{},"Python string lower() method",[29,124490,124491],{},[235,124492,124493],{"href":123351},[18,124494,124495],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[29,124497,124498],{},[235,124499,124500],{"href":124264},[18,124501,124502],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1693,124504,124505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":124507},[124508,124509,124511,124514,124515,124516,124517,124520,124521,124529,124530,124531,124543],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":123217,"depth":97,"text":124510},"What the count() method does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248,"children":124512},[124513],{"id":17150,"depth":119,"text":17151},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":123433,"depth":97,"text":123434},{"id":65152,"depth":97,"text":65935,"children":124518},[124519],{"id":123654,"depth":119,"text":123655},{"id":123742,"depth":97,"text":123743},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":124522},[124523,124525,124526,124528],{"id":123888,"depth":119,"text":124524},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123998,"depth":119,"text":123999},{"id":124086,"depth":119,"text":124527},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124122,"depth":119,"text":124123},{"id":58132,"depth":97,"text":58763},{"id":25698,"depth":97,"text":25699},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":124532},[124533,124535,124537,124539,124541],{"id":124419,"depth":119,"text":124534},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124429,"depth":119,"text":124536},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124438,"depth":119,"text":124538},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124448,"depth":119,"text":124540},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124457,"depth":119,"text":124542},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123090,"description":124544},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124551,"title":124552,"body":124553,"description":126136,"extension":1727,"meta":126137,"navigation":122,"path":126138,"seo":126139,"stem":126140,"__hash__":126141},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124554,"toc":126109},[124555,124558,124561,124656,124665,124667,124686,124690,124693,124696,124709,124712,124741,124746,124751,124809,124811,124844,124850,124854,124857,124860,124889,124892,124919,124922,124925,124929,124932,124939,125002,125004,125022,125025,125029,125032,125035,125077,125080,125124,125127,125130,125134,125139,125142,125185,125187,125210,125213,125246,125249,125298,125308,125312,125315,125318,125347,125350,125361,125363,125422,125425,125429,125432,125435,125450,125459,125462,125496,125499,125526,125529,125536,125538,125541,125543,125546,125560,125569,125571,125598,125602,125605,125619,125622,125681,125685,125688,125715,125718,125745,125753,125756,125816,125818,125851,125855,125858,125877,125882,125931,125936,125938,125941,126000,126018,126020,126024,126032,126036,126039,126043,126049,126053,126063,126067,126070,126072,126106],[10,124556,124552],{"id":124557},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124559,124560],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[52,124562,124564],{"className":54,"code":124563,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[18,124565,124566,124578,124590,124598,124612,124616,124626,124636,124646],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124567,124568,124570,124572,124574,124576],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124569,7634],{"class":67},[61,124571,72],{"class":71},[61,124573,522],{"class":190},[61,124575,4766],{"class":194},[61,124577,528],{"class":190},[61,124579,124580,124582,124584,124586,124588],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124581,89752],{"class":67},[61,124583,72],{"class":71},[61,124585,191],{"class":190},[61,124587,34622],{"class":194},[61,124589,29455],{"class":190},[61,124591,124592,124594,124596],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,124593,325],{"class":67},[61,124595,72],{"class":71},[61,124597,7639],{"class":190},[61,124599,124600,124602,124604,124606,124608,124610],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,124601,517],{"class":67},[61,124603,72],{"class":71},[61,124605,48663],{"class":105},[61,124607,109],{"class":75},[61,124609,50003],{"class":79},[61,124611,116],{"class":75},[61,124613,124614],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,124615,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,124617,124618,124620,124622,124624],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,124619,130],{"class":129},[61,124621,109],{"class":75},[61,124623,819],{"class":112},[61,124625,116],{"class":75},[61,124627,124628,124630,124632,124634],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,124629,130],{"class":129},[61,124631,109],{"class":75},[61,124633,89769],{"class":112},[61,124635,116],{"class":75},[61,124637,124638,124640,124642,124644],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,124639,130],{"class":129},[61,124641,109],{"class":75},[61,124643,344],{"class":112},[61,124645,116],{"class":75},[61,124647,124648,124650,124652,124654],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,124649,130],{"class":129},[61,124651,109],{"class":75},[61,124653,541],{"class":112},[61,124655,116],{"class":75},[14,124657,124658,124661,124662,124664],{},[603,124659,124660],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[18,124663,47442],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[47,124666,14918],{"id":14917},[26,124668,124669,124672,124675,124678,124683],{},[29,124670,124671],{},"What a string is in Python",[29,124673,124674],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[29,124676,124677],{},"How to create an empty string",[29,124679,124680,124681],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[18,124682,47442],{},[29,124684,124685],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[47,124687,124689],{"id":124688},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124691,124692],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124694,124695],{},"Strings can contain:",[26,124697,124698,124701,124703,124706],{},[29,124699,124700],{},"Letters",[29,124702,56220],{},[29,124704,124705],{},"Spaces",[29,124707,124708],{},"Symbols",[14,124710,124711],{},"Examples of strings:",[52,124713,124715],{"className":54,"code":124714,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[18,124716,124717,124725,124733],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124718,124719,124721,124723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124720,816],{"class":43086},[61,124722,1323],{"class":43090},[61,124724,528],{"class":43086},[61,124726,124727,124729,124731],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124728,816],{"class":43086},[61,124730,50003],{"class":43090},[61,124732,528],{"class":43086},[61,124734,124735,124737,124739],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,124736,816],{"class":43086},[61,124738,88894],{"class":43090},[61,124740,528],{"class":43086},[14,124742,20734,124743,124745],{},[18,124744,50053],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124747,124748,124749,824],{},"You can check the type with ",[18,124750,2063],{},[52,124752,124754],{"className":54,"code":124753,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,124755,124756,124768,124777,124781,124795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124757,124758,124760,124762,124764,124766],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124759,517],{"class":67},[61,124761,72],{"class":71},[61,124763,522],{"class":190},[61,124765,50003],{"class":194},[61,124767,528],{"class":190},[61,124769,124770,124772,124774],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124771,1979],{"class":67},[61,124773,72],{"class":71},[61,124775,124776],{"class":79}," 123\n",[61,124778,124779],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,124780,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,124782,124783,124785,124787,124789,124791,124793],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,124784,130],{"class":129},[61,124786,109],{"class":75},[61,124788,147],{"class":105},[61,124790,109],{"class":75},[61,124792,541],{"class":112},[61,124794,154],{"class":75},[61,124796,124797,124799,124801,124803,124805,124807],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,124798,130],{"class":129},[61,124800,109],{"class":75},[61,124802,147],{"class":105},[61,124804,109],{"class":75},[61,124806,2001],{"class":112},[61,124808,154],{"class":75},[14,124810,157],{},[52,124812,124814],{"className":54,"code":124813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,124815,124816,124830],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124817,124818,124820,124822,124824,124826,124828],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124819,183],{"class":71},[61,124821,187],{"class":186},[61,124823,191],{"class":190},[61,124825,3199],{"class":194},[61,124827,198],{"class":190},[61,124829,201],{"class":71},[61,124831,124832,124834,124836,124838,124840,124842],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124833,183],{"class":71},[61,124835,187],{"class":186},[61,124837,191],{"class":190},[61,124839,1279],{"class":194},[61,124841,198],{"class":190},[61,124843,201],{"class":71},[14,124845,124846,124847,244],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[235,124848,124849],{"href":50733},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[47,124851,124853],{"id":124852},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,124855,124856],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,124858,124859],{},"You can use single quotes:",[52,124861,124863],{"className":54,"code":124862,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,124864,124865,124878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124866,124867,124870,124872,124874,124876],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124868,124869],{"class":67},"greeting ",[61,124871,72],{"class":71},[61,124873,191],{"class":190},[61,124875,1323],{"class":194},[61,124877,29455],{"class":190},[61,124879,124880,124882,124884,124887],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124881,130],{"class":129},[61,124883,109],{"class":75},[61,124885,124886],{"class":112},"greeting",[61,124888,116],{"class":75},[14,124890,124891],{},"Or double quotes:",[52,124893,124895],{"className":54,"code":124894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,124896,124897,124909],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124898,124899,124901,124903,124905,124907],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124900,124869],{"class":67},[61,124902,72],{"class":71},[61,124904,522],{"class":190},[61,124906,1323],{"class":194},[61,124908,528],{"class":190},[61,124910,124911,124913,124915,124917],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124912,130],{"class":129},[61,124914,109],{"class":75},[61,124916,124886],{"class":112},[61,124918,116],{"class":75},[14,124920,124921],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,124923,124924],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[47,124926,124928],{"id":124927},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,124930,124931],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,124933,124934,124935,2638,124937,824],{},"Use either ",[18,124936,6031],{},[18,124938,3531],{},[52,124940,124942],{"className":54,"code":124941,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[18,124943,124944,124953,124962,124966,124977,124988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124945,124946,124949,124951],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124947,124948],{"class":67},"empty1 ",[61,124950,72],{"class":71},[61,124952,7639],{"class":190},[61,124954,124955,124958,124960],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,124956,124957],{"class":67},"empty2 ",[61,124959,72],{"class":71},[61,124961,47254],{"class":190},[61,124963,124964],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,124965,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,124967,124968,124970,124972,124975],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,124969,130],{"class":129},[61,124971,109],{"class":75},[61,124973,124974],{"class":112},"empty1",[61,124976,116],{"class":75},[61,124978,124979,124981,124983,124986],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,124980,130],{"class":129},[61,124982,109],{"class":75},[61,124984,124985],{"class":112},"empty2",[61,124987,116],{"class":75},[61,124989,124990,124992,124994,124996,124998,125000],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,124991,130],{"class":129},[61,124993,109],{"class":75},[61,124995,147],{"class":105},[61,124997,109],{"class":75},[61,124999,124974],{"class":112},[61,125001,154],{"class":75},[14,125003,157],{},[52,125005,125006],{"className":54,"code":45528,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,125007,125008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125009,125010,125012,125014,125016,125018,125020],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125011,183],{"class":71},[61,125013,187],{"class":186},[61,125015,191],{"class":190},[61,125017,3199],{"class":194},[61,125019,198],{"class":190},[61,125021,201],{"class":71},[14,125023,125024],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[47,125026,125028],{"id":125027},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125030,125031],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125033,125034],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[52,125036,125038],{"className":54,"code":125037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125039,125040,125051,125056,125063,125067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125041,125042,125044,125046,125049],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125043,89752],{"class":67},[61,125045,72],{"class":71},[61,125047,125048],{"class":190}," \"\"\"",[61,125050,88694],{"class":194},[61,125052,125053],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125054,125055],{"class":194},"Welcome to Python\n",[61,125057,125058,125061],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,125059,125060],{"class":194},"Have a nice day",[61,125062,43094],{"class":190},[61,125064,125065],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,125066,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,125068,125069,125071,125073,125075],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,125070,130],{"class":129},[61,125072,109],{"class":75},[61,125074,89769],{"class":112},[61,125076,116],{"class":75},[14,125078,125079],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[52,125081,125083],{"className":54,"code":125082,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125084,125085,125097,125102,125110,125114],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125086,125087,125089,125091,125094],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125088,89752],{"class":67},[61,125090,72],{"class":71},[61,125092,125093],{"class":190}," '''",[61,125095,125096],{"class":194},"Line 1\n",[61,125098,125099],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125100,125101],{"class":194},"Line 2\n",[61,125103,125104,125107],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,125105,125106],{"class":194},"Line 3",[61,125108,125109],{"class":190},"'''\n",[61,125111,125112],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,125113,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,125115,125116,125118,125120,125122],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,125117,130],{"class":129},[61,125119,109],{"class":75},[61,125121,89769],{"class":112},[61,125123,116],{"class":75},[14,125125,125126],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125128,125129],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[47,125131,125133],{"id":125132},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125135,1744,125136,125138],{},[18,125137,47442],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125140,125141],{},"Example with a number:",[52,125143,125145],{"className":54,"code":125144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,125146,125147,125161,125171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125148,125149,125151,125153,125155,125157,125159],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125150,517],{"class":67},[61,125152,72],{"class":71},[61,125154,48663],{"class":105},[61,125156,109],{"class":75},[61,125158,46284],{"class":79},[61,125160,116],{"class":75},[61,125162,125163,125165,125167,125169],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125164,130],{"class":129},[61,125166,109],{"class":75},[61,125168,541],{"class":112},[61,125170,116],{"class":75},[61,125172,125173,125175,125177,125179,125181,125183],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,125174,130],{"class":129},[61,125176,109],{"class":75},[61,125178,147],{"class":105},[61,125180,109],{"class":75},[61,125182,541],{"class":112},[61,125184,154],{"class":75},[14,125186,157],{},[52,125188,125190],{"className":54,"code":125189,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125191,125192,125196],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125193,125194],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125195,46370],{"class":79},[61,125197,125198,125200,125202,125204,125206,125208],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125199,183],{"class":71},[61,125201,187],{"class":186},[61,125203,191],{"class":190},[61,125205,3199],{"class":194},[61,125207,198],{"class":190},[61,125209,201],{"class":71},[14,125211,125212],{},"You can also convert other values:",[52,125214,125216],{"className":54,"code":125215,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[18,125217,125218,125232],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125219,125220,125222,125224,125226,125228,125230],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125221,130],{"class":129},[61,125223,109],{"class":75},[61,125225,3199],{"class":105},[61,125227,109],{"class":75},[61,125229,3361],{"class":3609},[61,125231,154],{"class":75},[61,125233,125234,125236,125238,125240,125242,125244],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125235,130],{"class":129},[61,125237,109],{"class":75},[61,125239,3199],{"class":105},[61,125241,109],{"class":75},[61,125243,39900],{"class":79},[61,125245,154],{"class":75},[14,125247,125248],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[52,125250,125252],{"className":54,"code":125251,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125253,125254,125262,125284,125288],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125255,125256,125258,125260],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125257,21385],{"class":67},[61,125259,72],{"class":71},[61,125261,44983],{"class":79},[61,125263,125264,125266,125268,125270,125272,125274,125276,125278,125280,125282],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125265,89752],{"class":67},[61,125267,72],{"class":71},[61,125269,522],{"class":190},[61,125271,89170],{"class":194},[61,125273,816],{"class":190},[61,125275,2214],{"class":71},[61,125277,48663],{"class":105},[61,125279,109],{"class":75},[61,125281,838],{"class":112},[61,125283,116],{"class":75},[61,125285,125286],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,125287,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,125289,125290,125292,125294,125296],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,125291,130],{"class":129},[61,125293,109],{"class":75},[61,125295,89769],{"class":112},[61,125297,116],{"class":75},[14,125299,125300,125301,2638,125305,244],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[235,125302,3332,125303,3265],{"href":41932},[18,125304,47442],{},[235,125306,125307],{"href":123021},"how to convert int to string in Python",[47,125309,125311],{"id":125310},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125313,125314],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125316,125317],{},"Both of these are valid:",[52,125319,125321],{"className":54,"code":125320,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[18,125322,125323,125335],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125324,125325,125327,125329,125331,125333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125326,2313],{"class":67},[61,125328,72],{"class":71},[61,125330,191],{"class":190},[61,125332,7057],{"class":194},[61,125334,29455],{"class":190},[61,125336,125337,125339,125341,125343,125345],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125338,2341],{"class":67},[61,125340,72],{"class":71},[61,125342,522],{"class":190},[61,125344,7057],{"class":194},[61,125346,528],{"class":190},[14,125348,125349],{},"A common rule is:",[26,125351,125352,125355,125358],{},[29,125353,125354],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[29,125356,125357],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[29,125359,125360],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125362,1109],{},[52,125364,125366],{"className":54,"code":125365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125367,125368,125382,125396,125400,125411],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125369,125370,125373,125375,125377,125380],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125371,125372],{"class":67},"text1 ",[61,125374,72],{"class":71},[61,125376,522],{"class":190},[61,125378,125379],{"class":194},"It's working",[61,125381,528],{"class":190},[61,125383,125384,125387,125389,125391,125394],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125385,125386],{"class":67},"text2 ",[61,125388,72],{"class":71},[61,125390,191],{"class":190},[61,125392,125393],{"class":194},"She said \"hello\"",[61,125395,29455],{"class":190},[61,125397,125398],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,125399,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,125401,125402,125404,125406,125409],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,125403,130],{"class":129},[61,125405,109],{"class":75},[61,125407,125408],{"class":112},"text1",[61,125410,116],{"class":75},[61,125412,125413,125415,125417,125420],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,125414,130],{"class":129},[61,125416,109],{"class":75},[61,125418,125419],{"class":112},"text2",[61,125421,116],{"class":75},[14,125423,125424],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[47,125426,125428],{"id":125427},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125430,125431],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125433,125434],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[52,125436,125438],{"className":54,"code":125437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[18,125439,125440,125445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125441,125442],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125443,125444],{"class":3420},"# This will cause an error\n",[61,125446,125447],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125448,125449],{"class":3420},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125451,125452,125453,35085,125455,125458],{},"Python sees the second ",[18,125454,198],{},[18,125456,125457],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125460,125461],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[52,125463,125465],{"className":54,"code":125464,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[18,125466,125467,125486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125468,125469,125471,125473,125475,125478,125481,125484],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125470,517],{"class":67},[61,125472,72],{"class":71},[61,125474,191],{"class":190},[61,125476,125477],{"class":194},"It",[61,125479,125480],{"class":34209},"\\'",[61,125482,125483],{"class":194},"s working",[61,125485,29455],{"class":190},[61,125487,125488,125490,125492,125494],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125489,130],{"class":129},[61,125491,109],{"class":75},[61,125493,541],{"class":112},[61,125495,116],{"class":75},[14,125497,125498],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[52,125500,125502],{"className":54,"code":125501,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125503,125504,125516],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125505,125506,125508,125510,125512,125514],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125507,517],{"class":67},[61,125509,72],{"class":71},[61,125511,522],{"class":190},[61,125513,125379],{"class":194},[61,125515,528],{"class":190},[61,125517,125518,125520,125522,125524],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125519,130],{"class":129},[61,125521,109],{"class":75},[61,125523,541],{"class":112},[61,125525,116],{"class":75},[14,125527,125528],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125530,125531,125532,244],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[235,125533,125535],{"href":125534},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[47,125537,2590],{"id":2589},[14,125539,125540],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[408,125542,89959],{"id":89958},[14,125544,125545],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[52,125547,125549],{"className":54,"code":125548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[18,125550,125551,125555],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125552,125553],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125554,125444],{"class":3420},[61,125556,125557],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125558,125559],{"class":3420},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125561,125562,125563,8360,125566,125568],{},"Python may raise a ",[18,125564,125565],{},"NameError",[18,125567,4766],{}," is not defined.",[14,125570,10559],{},[52,125572,125574],{"className":54,"code":125573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[18,125575,125576,125588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125577,125578,125580,125582,125584,125586],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125579,7634],{"class":67},[61,125581,72],{"class":71},[61,125583,522],{"class":190},[61,125585,4766],{"class":194},[61,125587,528],{"class":190},[61,125589,125590,125592,125594,125596],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125591,130],{"class":129},[61,125593,109],{"class":75},[61,125595,819],{"class":112},[61,125597,116],{"class":75},[408,125599,125601],{"id":125600},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125603,125604],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[52,125606,125608],{"className":54,"code":125607,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[18,125609,125610,125614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125611,125612],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125613,125444],{"class":3420},[61,125615,125616],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125617,125618],{"class":3420},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125620,125621],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[52,125623,125625],{"className":54,"code":125624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125626,125627,125644,125657,125661,125671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125628,125629,125631,125633,125635,125637,125639,125642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125630,125372],{"class":67},[61,125632,72],{"class":71},[61,125634,191],{"class":190},[61,125636,125477],{"class":194},[61,125638,125480],{"class":34209},[61,125640,125641],{"class":194},"s good",[61,125643,29455],{"class":190},[61,125645,125646,125648,125650,125652,125655],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125647,125386],{"class":67},[61,125649,72],{"class":71},[61,125651,522],{"class":190},[61,125653,125654],{"class":194},"It's good",[61,125656,528],{"class":190},[61,125658,125659],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,125660,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,125662,125663,125665,125667,125669],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,125664,130],{"class":129},[61,125666,109],{"class":75},[61,125668,125408],{"class":112},[61,125670,116],{"class":75},[61,125672,125673,125675,125677,125679],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,125674,130],{"class":129},[61,125676,109],{"class":75},[61,125678,125419],{"class":112},[61,125680,116],{"class":75},[408,125682,125684],{"id":125683},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125686,125687],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[52,125689,125691],{"className":54,"code":125690,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125692,125693,125705],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125694,125695,125697,125699,125701,125703],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125696,517],{"class":67},[61,125698,72],{"class":71},[61,125700,125048],{"class":190},[61,125702,1323],{"class":194},[61,125704,43094],{"class":190},[61,125706,125707,125709,125711,125713],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125708,130],{"class":129},[61,125710,109],{"class":75},[61,125712,541],{"class":112},[61,125714,116],{"class":75},[14,125716,125717],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[52,125719,125721],{"className":54,"code":125720,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125722,125723,125735],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125724,125725,125727,125729,125731,125733],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125726,517],{"class":67},[61,125728,72],{"class":71},[61,125730,522],{"class":190},[61,125732,1323],{"class":194},[61,125734,528],{"class":190},[61,125736,125737,125739,125741,125743],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125738,130],{"class":129},[61,125740,109],{"class":75},[61,125742,541],{"class":112},[61,125744,116],{"class":75},[408,125746,4341,125748,4154,125750,125752],{"id":125747},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[18,125749,50003],{},[18,125751,50053],{}," are the same type",[14,125754,125755],{},"They are different:",[52,125757,125759],{"className":54,"code":125758,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[18,125760,125761,125770,125783,125787,125801],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125762,125763,125766,125768],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125764,125765],{"class":67},"value1 ",[61,125767,72],{"class":71},[61,125769,124776],{"class":79},[61,125771,125772,125775,125777,125779,125781],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125773,125774],{"class":67},"value2 ",[61,125776,72],{"class":71},[61,125778,522],{"class":190},[61,125780,50003],{"class":194},[61,125782,528],{"class":190},[61,125784,125785],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,125786,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,125788,125789,125791,125793,125795,125797,125799],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,125790,130],{"class":129},[61,125792,109],{"class":75},[61,125794,147],{"class":105},[61,125796,109],{"class":75},[61,125798,84515],{"class":112},[61,125800,154],{"class":75},[61,125802,125803,125805,125807,125809,125811,125814],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,125804,130],{"class":129},[61,125806,109],{"class":75},[61,125808,147],{"class":105},[61,125810,109],{"class":75},[61,125812,125813],{"class":112},"value2",[61,125815,154],{"class":75},[14,125817,157],{},[52,125819,125821],{"className":54,"code":125820,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125822,125823,125837],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125824,125825,125827,125829,125831,125833,125835],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125826,183],{"class":71},[61,125828,187],{"class":186},[61,125830,191],{"class":190},[61,125832,1279],{"class":194},[61,125834,198],{"class":190},[61,125836,201],{"class":71},[61,125838,125839,125841,125843,125845,125847,125849],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125840,183],{"class":71},[61,125842,187],{"class":186},[61,125844,191],{"class":190},[61,125846,3199],{"class":194},[61,125848,198],{"class":190},[61,125850,201],{"class":71},[408,125852,125854],{"id":125853},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,125856,125857],{},"This causes a type error:",[52,125859,125861],{"className":54,"code":125860,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[18,125862,125863,125867,125872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125864,125865],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125866,125444],{"class":3420},[61,125868,125869],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125870,125871],{"class":3420},"# age = 10\n",[61,125873,125874],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,125875,125876],{"class":3420},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,125878,125879,125880,824],{},"Fix it with ",[18,125881,47442],{},[52,125883,125885],{"className":54,"code":125884,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125886,125887,125895,125917,125921],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125888,125889,125891,125893],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125890,21385],{"class":67},[61,125892,72],{"class":71},[61,125894,2346],{"class":79},[61,125896,125897,125899,125901,125903,125905,125907,125909,125911,125913,125915],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125898,89752],{"class":67},[61,125900,72],{"class":71},[61,125902,522],{"class":190},[61,125904,89170],{"class":194},[61,125906,816],{"class":190},[61,125908,2214],{"class":71},[61,125910,48663],{"class":105},[61,125912,109],{"class":75},[61,125914,838],{"class":112},[61,125916,116],{"class":75},[61,125918,125919],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,125920,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,125922,125923,125925,125927,125929],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,125924,130],{"class":129},[61,125926,109],{"class":75},[61,125928,89769],{"class":112},[61,125930,116],{"class":75},[14,125932,125933,125934,244],{},"For this specific error, see ",[235,125935,90151],{"href":90150},[408,125937,60464],{"id":60463},[14,125939,125940],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[52,125942,125944],{"className":54,"code":125943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[18,125945,125946,125958,125962,125972,125986],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125947,125948,125950,125952,125954,125956],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125949,517],{"class":67},[61,125951,72],{"class":71},[61,125953,522],{"class":190},[61,125955,1323],{"class":194},[61,125957,528],{"class":190},[61,125959,125960],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,125961,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,125963,125964,125966,125968,125970],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,125965,130],{"class":129},[61,125967,109],{"class":75},[61,125969,541],{"class":112},[61,125971,116],{"class":75},[61,125973,125974,125976,125978,125980,125982,125984],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,125975,130],{"class":129},[61,125977,109],{"class":75},[61,125979,147],{"class":105},[61,125981,109],{"class":75},[61,125983,541],{"class":112},[61,125985,154],{"class":75},[61,125987,125988,125990,125992,125994,125996,125998],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,125989,130],{"class":129},[61,125991,109],{"class":75},[61,125993,41536],{"class":129},[61,125995,109],{"class":75},[61,125997,541],{"class":112},[61,125999,154],{"class":75},[26,126001,126002,126007,126012],{},[29,126003,126004,46036],{},[18,126005,126006],{},"print(text)",[29,126008,126009,46041],{},[18,126010,126011],{},"print(type(text))",[29,126013,126014,126017],{},[18,126015,126016],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[47,126019,1620],{"id":1619},[408,126021,126023],{"id":126022},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126025,126026,126027,2638,126030,244],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[18,126028,126029],{},"'hello'",[18,126031,64280],{},[408,126033,126035],{"id":126034},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126037,126038],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[408,126040,126042],{"id":126041},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126044,204,126045,2638,126047,244],{},[18,126046,6031],{},[18,126048,3531],{},[408,126050,126052],{"id":126051},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126054,204,126055,126057,126058,126060,126061,244],{},[18,126056,47442],{},", like ",[18,126059,80126],{},", which returns ",[18,126062,41883],{},[408,126064,126066],{"id":126065},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126068,126069],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[47,126071,1664],{"id":1663},[26,126073,126074,126078,126084,126089,126098,126102],{},[29,126075,126076],{},[235,126077,124849],{"href":50733},[29,126079,126080],{},[235,126081,3332,126082,3265],{"href":41932},[18,126083,47442],{},[29,126085,126086],{},[235,126087,126088],{"href":123021},"How to convert int to string in Python",[29,126090,126091],{},[235,126092,126094,126095,10492],{"href":126093},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[18,126096,126097],{},"format()",[29,126099,126100],{},[235,126101,125535],{"href":125534},[29,126103,126104],{},[235,126105,90151],{"href":90150},[1693,126107,126108],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":126110},[126111,126112,126113,126114,126115,126116,126117,126118,126119,126128,126135],{"id":14917,"depth":97,"text":14918},{"id":124688,"depth":97,"text":124689},{"id":124852,"depth":97,"text":124853},{"id":124927,"depth":97,"text":124928},{"id":125027,"depth":97,"text":125028},{"id":125132,"depth":97,"text":125133},{"id":125310,"depth":97,"text":125311},{"id":125427,"depth":97,"text":125428},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":126120},[126121,126122,126123,126124,126126,126127],{"id":89958,"depth":119,"text":89959},{"id":125600,"depth":119,"text":125601},{"id":125683,"depth":119,"text":125684},{"id":125747,"depth":119,"text":126125},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125853,"depth":119,"text":125854},{"id":60463,"depth":119,"text":60464},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":126129},[126130,126131,126132,126133,126134],{"id":126022,"depth":119,"text":126023},{"id":126034,"depth":119,"text":126035},{"id":126041,"depth":119,"text":126042},{"id":126051,"depth":119,"text":126052},{"id":126065,"depth":119,"text":126066},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124552,"description":126136},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126143,"title":126144,"body":126145,"description":128059,"extension":1727,"meta":128060,"navigation":122,"path":128061,"seo":128062,"stem":128063,"__hash__":128064},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126146,"toc":128020},[126147,126153,126158,126166,126168,126235,126237,126249,126258,126263,126267,126284,126286,126351,126353,126365,126370,126372,126400,126421,126424,126463,126465,126473,126477,126481,126485,126493,126496,126537,126539,126547,126550,126607,126609,126617,126621,126626,126670,126672,126680,126689,126693,126698,126746,126748,126756,126762,126764,126768,126780,126785,126864,126866,126886,126890,126894,126934,126936,126944,126948,126991,126993,127001,127005,127045,127047,127055,127059,127115,127117,127125,127131,127133,127137,127147,127214,127216,127229,127236,127279,127281,127289,127293,127296,127352,127354,127362,127365,127367,127444,127446,127454,127463,127465,127469,127473,127475,127497,127500,127547,127551,127590,127592,127600,127602,127644,127651,127656,127718,127720,127732,127738,127743,127792,127794,127813,127819,127821,127840,127842,127933,127935,127941,127948,127954,127960,127965,127974,127981,127989,127991,128017],[10,126148,123096,126150,11075],{"id":126149},"python-string-endswith-method",[18,126151,126152],{},"endswith()",[14,126154,123101,126155,126157],{},[18,126156,126152],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126159,126160,126161,2638,126163,126165],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[18,126162,3361],{},[18,126164,3431],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[47,126167,50],{"id":49},[52,126169,126171],{"className":54,"code":126170,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126172,126173,126187,126212],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126174,126175,126178,126180,126182,126185],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126176,126177],{"class":67},"filename ",[61,126179,72],{"class":71},[61,126181,522],{"class":190},[61,126183,126184],{"class":194},"report.csv",[61,126186,528],{"class":190},[61,126188,126189,126191,126193,126196,126198,126201,126203,126205,126208,126210],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126190,130],{"class":129},[61,126192,109],{"class":75},[61,126194,126195],{"class":112},"filename",[61,126197,244],{"class":75},[61,126199,126200],{"class":112},"endswith",[61,126202,109],{"class":75},[61,126204,816],{"class":190},[61,126206,126207],{"class":194},".csv",[61,126209,816],{"class":190},[61,126211,154],{"class":75},[61,126213,126214,126216,126218,126220,126222,126224,126226,126228,126231,126233],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,126215,130],{"class":129},[61,126217,109],{"class":75},[61,126219,126195],{"class":112},[61,126221,244],{"class":75},[61,126223,126200],{"class":112},[61,126225,109],{"class":75},[61,126227,816],{"class":190},[61,126229,126230],{"class":194},".txt",[61,126232,816],{"class":190},[61,126234,154],{"class":75},[14,126236,157],{},[52,126238,126239],{"className":54,"code":43932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126240,126241,126245],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126242,126243],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126244,3738],{"class":3609},[61,126246,126247],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126248,3799],{"class":3609},[14,126250,204,126251,5130,126253,2638,126255,126257],{},[18,126252,126152],{},[18,126254,3361],{},[18,126256,3431],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[47,126259,3435,126261,3438],{"id":126260},"what-endswith-does",[18,126262,126152],{},[14,126264,126265,824],{},[18,126266,126152],{},[26,126268,126269,126272,126278,126281],{},[29,126270,126271],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[29,126273,11177,126274,2638,126276],{},[18,126275,3361],{},[18,126277,3431],{},[29,126279,126280],{},"Does not change the original string",[29,126282,126283],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126285,1109],{},[52,126287,126289],{"className":54,"code":126288,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[18,126290,126291,126303,126307,126329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126292,126293,126295,126297,126299,126301],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126294,517],{"class":67},[61,126296,72],{"class":71},[61,126298,522],{"class":190},[61,126300,60164],{"class":194},[61,126302,528],{"class":190},[61,126304,126305],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126306,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,126308,126309,126311,126313,126315,126317,126319,126321,126323,126325,126327],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,126310,130],{"class":129},[61,126312,109],{"class":75},[61,126314,541],{"class":112},[61,126316,244],{"class":75},[61,126318,126200],{"class":112},[61,126320,109],{"class":75},[61,126322,816],{"class":190},[61,126324,60345],{"class":194},[61,126326,816],{"class":190},[61,126328,154],{"class":75},[61,126330,126331,126333,126335,126337,126339,126341,126343,126345,126347,126349],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,126332,130],{"class":129},[61,126334,109],{"class":75},[61,126336,541],{"class":112},[61,126338,244],{"class":75},[61,126340,126200],{"class":112},[61,126342,109],{"class":75},[61,126344,816],{"class":190},[61,126346,1323],{"class":194},[61,126348,816],{"class":190},[61,126350,154],{"class":75},[14,126352,157],{},[52,126354,126355],{"className":54,"code":43932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126356,126357,126361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126358,126359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126360,3738],{"class":3609},[61,126362,126363],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126364,3799],{"class":3609},[14,126366,126367,126368,244],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[235,126369,124849],{"href":50733},[47,126371,248],{"id":247},[52,126373,126375],{"className":54,"code":126374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[18,126376,126377],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126378,126379,126381,126383,126385,126387,126390,126392,126394,126396,126398],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126380,60928],{"class":67},[61,126382,244],{"class":75},[61,126384,126200],{"class":112},[61,126386,109],{"class":75},[61,126388,126389],{"class":112},"suffix",[61,126391,83],{"class":75},[61,126393,35808],{"class":112},[61,126395,83],{"class":75},[61,126397,64786],{"class":112},[61,126399,116],{"class":75},[26,126401,126402,126407,126414],{},[29,126403,126404,126406],{},[18,126405,126389],{}," is required",[29,126408,126409,4154,126411,126413],{},[18,126410,35829],{},[18,126412,52418],{}," are optional",[29,126415,126416,4154,126418,126420],{},[18,126417,35829],{},[18,126419,52418],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126422,126423],{},"Basic example:",[52,126425,126427],{"className":54,"code":126426,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126428,126429,126441],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126430,126431,126433,126435,126437,126439],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126432,126177],{"class":67},[61,126434,72],{"class":71},[61,126436,522],{"class":190},[61,126438,86640],{"class":194},[61,126440,528],{"class":190},[61,126442,126443,126445,126447,126449,126451,126453,126455,126457,126459,126461],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126444,130],{"class":129},[61,126446,109],{"class":75},[61,126448,126195],{"class":112},[61,126450,244],{"class":75},[61,126452,126200],{"class":112},[61,126454,109],{"class":75},[61,126456,816],{"class":190},[61,126458,126230],{"class":194},[61,126460,816],{"class":190},[61,126462,154],{"class":75},[14,126464,157],{},[52,126466,126467],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126468,126469],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126470,126471],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126472,3738],{"class":3609},[47,126474,126476],{"id":126475},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[408,126478,126479],{"id":126389},[18,126480,126389],{},[14,126482,126483,30505],{},[18,126484,126389],{},[26,126486,126487,126490],{},[29,126488,126489],{},"A single string",[29,126491,126492],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126494,126495],{},"Single suffix:",[52,126497,126499],{"className":54,"code":126498,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[18,126500,126501,126514],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126502,126503,126505,126507,126509,126512],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126504,7634],{"class":67},[61,126506,72],{"class":71},[61,126508,522],{"class":190},[61,126510,126511],{"class":194},"image.png",[61,126513,528],{"class":190},[61,126515,126516,126518,126520,126522,126524,126526,126528,126530,126533,126535],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126517,130],{"class":129},[61,126519,109],{"class":75},[61,126521,819],{"class":112},[61,126523,244],{"class":75},[61,126525,126200],{"class":112},[61,126527,109],{"class":75},[61,126529,816],{"class":190},[61,126531,126532],{"class":194},".png",[61,126534,816],{"class":190},[61,126536,154],{"class":75},[14,126538,157],{},[52,126540,126541],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126542,126543],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126544,126545],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126546,3738],{"class":3609},[14,126548,126549],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[52,126551,126553],{"className":54,"code":126552,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126554,126555,126567],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126556,126557,126559,126561,126563,126565],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126558,7634],{"class":67},[61,126560,72],{"class":71},[61,126562,522],{"class":190},[61,126564,126511],{"class":194},[61,126566,528],{"class":190},[61,126568,126569,126571,126573,126575,126577,126579,126581,126583,126586,126588,126590,126592,126594,126596,126598,126600,126603,126605],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126570,130],{"class":129},[61,126572,109],{"class":75},[61,126574,819],{"class":112},[61,126576,244],{"class":75},[61,126578,126200],{"class":112},[61,126580,1028],{"class":75},[61,126582,816],{"class":190},[61,126584,126585],{"class":194},".jpg",[61,126587,816],{"class":190},[61,126589,83],{"class":75},[61,126591,522],{"class":190},[61,126593,126532],{"class":194},[61,126595,816],{"class":190},[61,126597,83],{"class":75},[61,126599,522],{"class":190},[61,126601,126602],{"class":194},".gif",[61,126604,816],{"class":190},[61,126606,2672],{"class":75},[14,126608,157],{},[52,126610,126611],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126612,126613],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126614,126615],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126616,3738],{"class":3609},[408,126618,126619],{"id":35829},[18,126620,35829],{},[14,126622,126623,126625],{},[18,126624,35829],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[52,126627,126629],{"className":54,"code":126628,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[18,126630,126631,126644],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126632,126633,126635,126637,126639,126642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126634,517],{"class":67},[61,126636,72],{"class":71},[61,126638,522],{"class":190},[61,126640,126641],{"class":194},"my_report.csv",[61,126643,528],{"class":190},[61,126645,126646,126648,126650,126652,126654,126656,126658,126660,126662,126664,126666,126668],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126647,130],{"class":129},[61,126649,109],{"class":75},[61,126651,541],{"class":112},[61,126653,244],{"class":75},[61,126655,126200],{"class":112},[61,126657,109],{"class":75},[61,126659,816],{"class":190},[61,126661,126207],{"class":194},[61,126663,816],{"class":190},[61,126665,83],{"class":75},[61,126667,91],{"class":79},[61,126669,154],{"class":75},[14,126671,157],{},[52,126673,126674],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126675,126676],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126677,126678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126679,3738],{"class":3609},[14,126681,126682,126683,126685,126686,244],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[18,126684,1827],{}," onward, which is ",[18,126687,126688],{},"\"report.csv\"",[408,126690,126691],{"id":52418},[18,126692,52418],{},[14,126694,126695,126697],{},[18,126696,52418],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[52,126699,126701],{"className":54,"code":126700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[18,126702,126703,126716],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126704,126705,126707,126709,126711,126714],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126706,517],{"class":67},[61,126708,72],{"class":71},[61,126710,522],{"class":190},[61,126712,126713],{"class":194},"report.csv backup",[61,126715,528],{"class":190},[61,126717,126718,126720,126722,126724,126726,126728,126730,126732,126734,126736,126738,126740,126742,126744],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126719,130],{"class":129},[61,126721,109],{"class":75},[61,126723,541],{"class":112},[61,126725,244],{"class":75},[61,126727,126200],{"class":112},[61,126729,109],{"class":75},[61,126731,816],{"class":190},[61,126733,126207],{"class":194},[61,126735,816],{"class":190},[61,126737,83],{"class":75},[61,126739,3591],{"class":79},[61,126741,83],{"class":75},[61,126743,5763],{"class":79},[61,126745,154],{"class":75},[14,126747,157],{},[52,126749,126750],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126751,126752],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126753,126754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126755,3738],{"class":3609},[14,126757,126758,126759,126761],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[18,126760,126688],{}," and ignores the rest.",[47,126763,17175],{"id":17174},[14,126765,126766,25265],{},[18,126767,126152],{},[26,126769,126770,126775],{},[29,126771,126772,126774],{},[18,126773,3361],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[29,126776,126777,126779],{},[18,126778,3431],{}," if it does not",[14,126781,126782,126783,6933],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[18,126784,6758],{},[52,126786,126788],{"className":54,"code":126787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[18,126789,126790,126803,126807,126828,126843,126849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126791,126792,126794,126796,126798,126801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126793,126177],{"class":67},[61,126795,72],{"class":71},[61,126797,522],{"class":190},[61,126799,126800],{"class":194},"data.csv",[61,126802,528],{"class":190},[61,126804,126805],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126806,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,126808,126809,126811,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822,126824,126826],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,126810,6758],{"class":3634},[61,126812,126813],{"class":67}," filename",[61,126815,244],{"class":75},[61,126817,126200],{"class":112},[61,126819,109],{"class":75},[61,126821,816],{"class":190},[61,126823,126207],{"class":194},[61,126825,816],{"class":190},[61,126827,8099],{"class":75},[61,126829,126830,126832,126834,126836,126839,126841],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,126831,7827],{"class":129},[61,126833,109],{"class":75},[61,126835,816],{"class":190},[61,126837,126838],{"class":194},"This is a CSV file.",[61,126840,816],{"class":190},[61,126842,116],{"class":75},[61,126844,126845,126847],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,126846,27190],{"class":3634},[61,126848,6152],{"class":75},[61,126850,126851,126853,126855,126857,126860,126862],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,126852,7827],{"class":129},[61,126854,109],{"class":75},[61,126856,816],{"class":190},[61,126858,126859],{"class":194},"This is not a CSV file.",[61,126861,816],{"class":190},[61,126863,116],{"class":75},[14,126865,157],{},[52,126867,126869],{"className":54,"code":126868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This is a CSV file.\n",[18,126870,126871],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126872,126873,126875,126877,126879,126882,126884],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126874,49636],{"class":67},[61,126876,11948],{"class":71},[61,126878,44302],{"class":67},[61,126880,126881],{"class":34209},"CSV",[61,126883,86381],{"class":86380},[61,126885,122128],{"class":75},[47,126887,126889],{"id":126888},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[408,126891,126893],{"id":126892},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[52,126895,126897],{"className":54,"code":126896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,126898,126899,126912],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126900,126901,126903,126905,126907,126910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126902,126177],{"class":67},[61,126904,72],{"class":71},[61,126906,522],{"class":190},[61,126908,126909],{"class":194},"sales.csv",[61,126911,528],{"class":190},[61,126913,126914,126916,126918,126920,126922,126924,126926,126928,126930,126932],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126915,130],{"class":129},[61,126917,109],{"class":75},[61,126919,126195],{"class":112},[61,126921,244],{"class":75},[61,126923,126200],{"class":112},[61,126925,109],{"class":75},[61,126927,816],{"class":190},[61,126929,126207],{"class":194},[61,126931,816],{"class":190},[61,126933,154],{"class":75},[14,126935,157],{},[52,126937,126938],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126939,126940],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126941,126942],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126943,3738],{"class":3609},[408,126945,126947],{"id":126946},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[52,126949,126951],{"className":54,"code":126950,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[18,126952,126953,126967],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126954,126955,126958,126960,126962,126965],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126956,126957],{"class":67},"url ",[61,126959,72],{"class":71},[61,126961,522],{"class":190},[61,126963,126964],{"class":194},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[61,126966,528],{"class":190},[61,126968,126969,126971,126973,126976,126978,126980,126982,126984,126987,126989],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,126970,130],{"class":129},[61,126972,109],{"class":75},[61,126974,126975],{"class":112},"url",[61,126977,244],{"class":75},[61,126979,126200],{"class":112},[61,126981,109],{"class":75},[61,126983,816],{"class":190},[61,126985,126986],{"class":194},"\u002F",[61,126988,816],{"class":190},[61,126990,154],{"class":75},[14,126992,157],{},[52,126994,126995],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126996,126997],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126998,126999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127000,3738],{"class":3609},[408,127002,127004],{"id":127003},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[52,127006,127008],{"className":54,"code":127007,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[18,127009,127010,127023],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127011,127012,127014,127016,127018,127021],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127013,89752],{"class":67},[61,127015,72],{"class":71},[61,127017,522],{"class":190},[61,127019,127020],{"class":194},"Hello!",[61,127022,528],{"class":190},[61,127024,127025,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041,127043],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127026,130],{"class":129},[61,127028,109],{"class":75},[61,127030,89769],{"class":112},[61,127032,244],{"class":75},[61,127034,126200],{"class":112},[61,127036,109],{"class":75},[61,127038,816],{"class":190},[61,127040,89593],{"class":194},[61,127042,816],{"class":190},[61,127044,154],{"class":75},[14,127046,157],{},[52,127048,127049],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127050,127051],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127052,127053],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127054,3738],{"class":3609},[408,127056,127058],{"id":127057},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[52,127060,127062],{"className":54,"code":127061,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127063,127064,127077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127065,127066,127068,127070,127072,127075],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127067,126177],{"class":67},[61,127069,72],{"class":71},[61,127071,522],{"class":190},[61,127073,127074],{"class":194},"photo.jpg",[61,127076,528],{"class":190},[61,127078,127079,127081,127083,127085,127087,127089,127091,127093,127095,127097,127099,127101,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127080,130],{"class":129},[61,127082,109],{"class":75},[61,127084,126195],{"class":112},[61,127086,244],{"class":75},[61,127088,126200],{"class":112},[61,127090,1028],{"class":75},[61,127092,816],{"class":190},[61,127094,126585],{"class":194},[61,127096,816],{"class":190},[61,127098,83],{"class":75},[61,127100,522],{"class":190},[61,127102,126532],{"class":194},[61,127104,816],{"class":190},[61,127106,83],{"class":75},[61,127108,522],{"class":190},[61,127110,126602],{"class":194},[61,127112,816],{"class":190},[61,127114,2672],{"class":75},[14,127116,157],{},[52,127118,127119],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127120,127121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127122,127123],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127124,3738],{"class":3609},[14,127126,127127,127128,244],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[235,127129,127130],{"href":123351},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[47,127132,123743],{"id":123742},[14,127134,127135,123554],{},[18,127136,126152],{},[14,127138,127139,127140,4154,127143,127146],{},"That means ",[18,127141,127142],{},"\".CSV\"",[18,127144,127145],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[52,127148,127150],{"className":54,"code":127149,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[18,127151,127152,127165,127169,127191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127153,127154,127156,127158,127160,127163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127155,126177],{"class":67},[61,127157,72],{"class":71},[61,127159,522],{"class":190},[61,127161,127162],{"class":194},"REPORT.CSV",[61,127164,528],{"class":190},[61,127166,127167],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127168,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,127170,127171,127173,127175,127177,127179,127181,127183,127185,127187,127189],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,127172,130],{"class":129},[61,127174,109],{"class":75},[61,127176,126195],{"class":112},[61,127178,244],{"class":75},[61,127180,126200],{"class":112},[61,127182,109],{"class":75},[61,127184,816],{"class":190},[61,127186,126207],{"class":194},[61,127188,816],{"class":190},[61,127190,154],{"class":75},[61,127192,127193,127195,127197,127199,127201,127203,127205,127207,127210,127212],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,127194,130],{"class":129},[61,127196,109],{"class":75},[61,127198,126195],{"class":112},[61,127200,244],{"class":75},[61,127202,126200],{"class":112},[61,127204,109],{"class":75},[61,127206,816],{"class":190},[61,127208,127209],{"class":194},".CSV",[61,127211,816],{"class":190},[61,127213,154],{"class":75},[14,127215,157],{},[52,127217,127219],{"className":54,"code":127218,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nTrue\n",[18,127220,127221,127225],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127222,127223],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127224,3799],{"class":3609},[61,127226,127227],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127228,3738],{"class":3609},[14,127230,127231,127232,244],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[235,127233,127234],{"href":123823},[18,127235,123826],{},[52,127237,127239],{"className":54,"code":127238,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127240,127241,127253],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127242,127243,127245,127247,127249,127251],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127244,126177],{"class":67},[61,127246,72],{"class":71},[61,127248,522],{"class":190},[61,127250,127162],{"class":194},[61,127252,528],{"class":190},[61,127254,127255,127257,127259,127261,127263,127265,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275,127277],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127256,130],{"class":129},[61,127258,109],{"class":75},[61,127260,126195],{"class":112},[61,127262,244],{"class":75},[61,127264,8399],{"class":112},[61,127266,8396],{"class":75},[61,127268,126200],{"class":112},[61,127270,109],{"class":75},[61,127272,816],{"class":190},[61,127274,126207],{"class":194},[61,127276,816],{"class":190},[61,127278,154],{"class":75},[14,127280,157],{},[52,127282,127283],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127284,127285],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127286,127287],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127288,3738],{"class":3609},[47,127290,127292],{"id":127291},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127294,127295],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[52,127297,127299],{"className":54,"code":127298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127300,127301,127314],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127302,127303,127305,127307,127309,127312],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127304,126177],{"class":67},[61,127306,72],{"class":71},[61,127308,522],{"class":190},[61,127310,127311],{"class":194},"picture.gif",[61,127313,528],{"class":190},[61,127315,127316,127318,127320,127322,127324,127326,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127317,130],{"class":129},[61,127319,109],{"class":75},[61,127321,126195],{"class":112},[61,127323,244],{"class":75},[61,127325,126200],{"class":112},[61,127327,1028],{"class":75},[61,127329,816],{"class":190},[61,127331,126585],{"class":194},[61,127333,816],{"class":190},[61,127335,83],{"class":75},[61,127337,522],{"class":190},[61,127339,126532],{"class":194},[61,127341,816],{"class":190},[61,127343,83],{"class":75},[61,127345,522],{"class":190},[61,127347,126602],{"class":194},[61,127349,816],{"class":190},[61,127351,2672],{"class":75},[14,127353,157],{},[52,127355,127356],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127357,127358],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127359,127360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127361,3738],{"class":3609},[14,127363,127364],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127366,51838],{},[52,127368,127370],{"className":54,"code":127369,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[18,127371,127372,127385,127420,127424],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127373,127374,127377,127379,127381,127383],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127375,127376],{"class":67},"document ",[61,127378,72],{"class":71},[61,127380,522],{"class":190},[61,127382,86640],{"class":194},[61,127384,528],{"class":190},[61,127386,127387,127390,127392,127394,127396,127398,127400,127402,127404,127407,127409,127411,127413,127416,127418],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127388,127389],{"class":67},"allowed ",[61,127391,72],{"class":71},[61,127393,1048],{"class":75},[61,127395,816],{"class":190},[61,127397,126230],{"class":194},[61,127399,816],{"class":190},[61,127401,83],{"class":75},[61,127403,522],{"class":190},[61,127405,127406],{"class":194},".md",[61,127408,816],{"class":190},[61,127410,83],{"class":75},[61,127412,522],{"class":190},[61,127414,127415],{"class":194},".docx",[61,127417,816],{"class":190},[61,127419,116],{"class":75},[61,127421,127422],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,127423,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,127425,127426,127428,127430,127433,127435,127437,127439,127442],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,127427,130],{"class":129},[61,127429,109],{"class":75},[61,127431,127432],{"class":112},"document",[61,127434,244],{"class":75},[61,127436,126200],{"class":112},[61,127438,109],{"class":75},[61,127440,127441],{"class":112},"allowed",[61,127443,154],{"class":75},[14,127445,157],{},[52,127447,127448],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127449,127450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127451,127452],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127453,3738],{"class":3609},[14,127455,127456,127457,244],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[235,127458,126094,127460,10492],{"href":127459},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[18,127461,127462],{},"startswith()",[47,127464,2590],{"id":2589},[14,127466,8205,127467,244],{},[18,127468,126152],{},[408,127470,127472],{"id":127471},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127474,4287],{},[52,127476,127478],{"className":54,"code":127477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[18,127479,127480,127492],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127481,127482,127484,127486,127488,127490],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127483,126177],{"class":67},[61,127485,72],{"class":71},[61,127487,522],{"class":190},[61,127489,127074],{"class":194},[61,127491,528],{"class":190},[61,127493,127494],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127495,127496],{"class":3420},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127498,127499],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[52,127501,127503],{"className":54,"code":127502,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[18,127504,127505,127517],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127506,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127508,126177],{"class":67},[61,127510,72],{"class":71},[61,127512,522],{"class":190},[61,127514,127074],{"class":194},[61,127516,528],{"class":190},[61,127518,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127520,130],{"class":129},[61,127522,109],{"class":75},[61,127524,126195],{"class":112},[61,127526,244],{"class":75},[61,127528,126200],{"class":112},[61,127530,1028],{"class":75},[61,127532,816],{"class":190},[61,127534,126585],{"class":194},[61,127536,816],{"class":190},[61,127538,83],{"class":75},[61,127540,522],{"class":190},[61,127542,126532],{"class":194},[61,127544,816],{"class":190},[61,127546,2672],{"class":75},[408,127548,127550],{"id":127549},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[52,127552,127554],{"className":54,"code":127553,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127555,127556,127568],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127557,127558,127560,127562,127564,127566],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127559,126177],{"class":67},[61,127561,72],{"class":71},[61,127563,522],{"class":190},[61,127565,127162],{"class":194},[61,127567,528],{"class":190},[61,127569,127570,127572,127574,127576,127578,127580,127582,127584,127586,127588],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127571,130],{"class":129},[61,127573,109],{"class":75},[61,127575,126195],{"class":112},[61,127577,244],{"class":75},[61,127579,126200],{"class":112},[61,127581,109],{"class":75},[61,127583,816],{"class":190},[61,127585,126207],{"class":194},[61,127587,816],{"class":190},[61,127589,154],{"class":75},[14,127591,157],{},[52,127593,127594],{"className":54,"code":3799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127595,127596],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127597,127598],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127599,3799],{"class":3609},[14,127601,39018],{},[52,127603,127604],{"className":54,"code":127238,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127605,127606,127618],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127607,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127609,126177],{"class":67},[61,127611,72],{"class":71},[61,127613,522],{"class":190},[61,127615,127162],{"class":194},[61,127617,528],{"class":190},[61,127619,127620,127622,127624,127626,127628,127630,127632,127634,127636,127638,127640,127642],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127621,130],{"class":129},[61,127623,109],{"class":75},[61,127625,126195],{"class":112},[61,127627,244],{"class":75},[61,127629,8399],{"class":112},[61,127631,8396],{"class":75},[61,127633,126200],{"class":112},[61,127635,109],{"class":75},[61,127637,816],{"class":190},[61,127639,126207],{"class":194},[61,127641,816],{"class":190},[61,127643,154],{"class":75},[408,127645,36960,127647,8463,127649],{"id":127646},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[18,127648,126152],{},[18,127650,3641],{},[14,127652,127653,127655],{},[18,127654,126152],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[52,127657,127659],{"className":54,"code":127658,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[18,127660,127661,127674,127678,127700],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127662,127663,127665,127667,127669,127672],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127664,517],{"class":67},[61,127666,72],{"class":71},[61,127668,522],{"class":190},[61,127670,127671],{"class":194},"my_report.csv.backup",[61,127673,528],{"class":190},[61,127675,127676],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127677,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,127679,127680,127682,127684,127686,127688,127690,127692,127694,127696,127698],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,127681,130],{"class":129},[61,127683,109],{"class":75},[61,127685,541],{"class":112},[61,127687,244],{"class":75},[61,127689,126200],{"class":112},[61,127691,109],{"class":75},[61,127693,816],{"class":190},[61,127695,126207],{"class":194},[61,127697,816],{"class":190},[61,127699,154],{"class":75},[61,127701,127702,127704,127706,127708,127710,127712,127714,127716],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,127703,130],{"class":129},[61,127705,109],{"class":75},[61,127707,816],{"class":190},[61,127709,126207],{"class":194},[61,127711,816],{"class":190},[61,127713,20930],{"class":3634},[61,127715,42599],{"class":112},[61,127717,116],{"class":75},[14,127719,157],{},[52,127721,127722],{"className":54,"code":127218,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127723,127724,127728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127725,127726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127727,3799],{"class":3609},[61,127729,127730],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127731,3738],{"class":3609},[408,127733,8211,127735,127737],{"id":127734},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[18,127736,126152],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127739,127740,127742],{},[18,127741,126152],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[52,127744,127746],{"className":54,"code":127745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[18,127747,127748,127760,127782],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127749,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127751,126177],{"class":67},[61,127753,72],{"class":71},[61,127755,522],{"class":190},[61,127757,126184],{"class":194},[61,127759,528],{"class":190},[61,127761,127762,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127763,130],{"class":129},[61,127765,109],{"class":75},[61,127767,126195],{"class":112},[61,127769,244],{"class":75},[61,127771,126200],{"class":112},[61,127773,109],{"class":75},[61,127775,816],{"class":190},[61,127777,126207],{"class":194},[61,127779,816],{"class":190},[61,127781,154],{"class":75},[61,127783,127784,127786,127788,127790],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,127785,130],{"class":129},[61,127787,109],{"class":75},[61,127789,126195],{"class":112},[61,127791,116],{"class":75},[14,127793,157],{},[52,127795,127797],{"className":54,"code":127796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nreport.csv\n",[18,127798,127799,127803],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127800,127801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127802,3738],{"class":3609},[61,127804,127805,127808,127810],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127806,127807],{"class":67},"report",[61,127809,244],{"class":75},[61,127811,127812],{"class":24507},"csv\n",[14,127814,127815,127816,244],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[235,127817,127818],{"href":124264},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,127820,65809],{},[26,127822,127823,127826,127829,127832],{},[29,127824,127825],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[29,127827,127828],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[29,127830,127831],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[29,127833,8175,127834,44387,127836,2638,127838,111296],{},[18,127835,126152],{},[18,127837,124267],{},[18,127839,41410],{},[14,127841,29890],{},[52,127843,127845],{"className":54,"code":127844,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,127846,127847,127857,127871,127893,127919],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127848,127849,127851,127853,127855],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127850,130],{"class":129},[61,127852,109],{"class":75},[61,127854,541],{"class":112},[61,127856,116],{"class":75},[61,127858,127859,127861,127863,127865,127867,127869],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,127860,130],{"class":129},[61,127862,109],{"class":75},[61,127864,41536],{"class":129},[61,127866,109],{"class":75},[61,127868,541],{"class":112},[61,127870,154],{"class":75},[61,127872,127873,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,127874,130],{"class":129},[61,127876,109],{"class":75},[61,127878,541],{"class":112},[61,127880,244],{"class":75},[61,127882,126200],{"class":112},[61,127884,109],{"class":75},[61,127886,198],{"class":190},[61,127888,126207],{"class":194},[61,127890,198],{"class":190},[61,127892,154],{"class":75},[61,127894,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127909,127911,127913,127915,127917],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,127896,130],{"class":129},[61,127898,109],{"class":75},[61,127900,541],{"class":112},[61,127902,244],{"class":75},[61,127904,8399],{"class":112},[61,127906,8396],{"class":75},[61,127908,126200],{"class":112},[61,127910,109],{"class":75},[61,127912,198],{"class":190},[61,127914,126207],{"class":194},[61,127916,198],{"class":190},[61,127918,154],{"class":75},[61,127920,127921,127923,127925,127927,127929,127931],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,127922,130],{"class":129},[61,127924,109],{"class":75},[61,127926,147],{"class":105},[61,127928,109],{"class":75},[61,127930,541],{"class":112},[61,127932,154],{"class":75},[47,127934,1620],{"id":1619},[408,127936,12459,127938,127940],{"id":127937},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[18,127939,126152],{}," change the string?",[14,127942,127943,127944,2638,127946,244],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[18,127945,3361],{},[18,127947,3431],{},[408,127949,4933,127951,127953],{"id":127950},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[18,127952,126152],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,127955,127956,127957,244],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[18,127958,127959],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[408,127961,14658,127963,124432],{"id":127962},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[18,127964,126152],{},[14,127966,127967,127968,2638,127970,127973],{},"Yes. Use ",[18,127969,123826],{},[18,127971,127972],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[408,127975,4943,127977,4154,127979,2251],{"id":127976},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[18,127978,126152],{},[18,127980,124091],{},[14,127982,127983,127985,127986,127988],{},[18,127984,126152],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[18,127987,124091],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[47,127990,1664],{"id":1663},[26,127992,127993,127999,128005,128009,128013],{},[29,127994,127995],{},[235,127996,126094,127997,10492],{"href":127459},[18,127998,127462],{},[29,128000,128001],{},[235,128002,126094,128003,10492],{"href":123823},[18,128004,123826],{},[29,128006,128007],{},[235,128008,124495],{"href":123351},[29,128010,128011],{},[235,128012,124502],{"href":124264},[29,128014,128015],{},[235,128016,124849],{"href":50733},[1693,128018,128019],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":128021},[128022,128023,128025,128026,128031,128032,128038,128039,128040,128048,128058],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":126260,"depth":97,"text":128024},"What endswith() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":126475,"depth":97,"text":126476,"children":128027},[128028,128029,128030],{"id":126389,"depth":119,"text":126389},{"id":35829,"depth":119,"text":35829},{"id":52418,"depth":119,"text":52418},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":126888,"depth":97,"text":126889,"children":128033},[128034,128035,128036,128037],{"id":126892,"depth":119,"text":126893},{"id":126946,"depth":119,"text":126947},{"id":127003,"depth":119,"text":127004},{"id":127057,"depth":119,"text":127058},{"id":123742,"depth":97,"text":123743},{"id":127291,"depth":97,"text":127292},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":128041},[128042,128043,128044,128046],{"id":127471,"depth":119,"text":127472},{"id":127549,"depth":119,"text":127550},{"id":127646,"depth":119,"text":128045},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127734,"depth":119,"text":128047},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":128049},[128050,128052,128054,128056],{"id":127937,"depth":119,"text":128051},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127950,"depth":119,"text":128053},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127962,"depth":119,"text":128055},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127976,"depth":119,"text":128057},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126144,"description":128059},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128066,"title":128067,"body":128068,"description":129736,"extension":1727,"meta":129737,"navigation":122,"path":129738,"seo":129739,"stem":129740,"__hash__":129741},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128069,"toc":129709},[128070,128075,128080,128085,128090,128183,128193,128198,128203,128218,128220,128302,128310,128312,128314,128341,128343,128359,128366,128368,128476,128478,128483,128499,128501,128596,128604,128607,128613,128618,128623,128630,128769,128772,128785,128787,128791,128798,128868,128871,128920,128927,128934,128948,128953,128958,129004,129050,129066,129068,129073,129087,129090,129212,129217,129219,129224,129257,129260,129336,129338,129347,129361,129364,129448,129451,129562,129565,129593,129595,129602,129606,129612,129615,129621,129624,129631,129642,129648,129655,129657,129706],[10,128071,123096,128073,11075],{"id":128072},"python-string-find-method",[18,128074,124091],{},[14,128076,123101,128077,128079],{},[18,128078,124091],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128081,128082,128083,244],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[18,128084,65600],{},[14,128086,204,128087,128089],{},[18,128088,124091],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[52,128091,128093],{"className":54,"code":128092,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[18,128094,128095,128107,128130,128143,128147,128170],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128096,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128098,517],{"class":67},[61,128100,72],{"class":71},[61,128102,522],{"class":190},[61,128104,60164],{"class":194},[61,128106,528],{"class":190},[61,128108,128109,128111,128113,128115,128117,128120,128122,128124,128126,128128],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128110,64665],{"class":67},[61,128112,72],{"class":71},[61,128114,42599],{"class":67},[61,128116,244],{"class":75},[61,128118,128119],{"class":112},"find",[61,128121,109],{"class":75},[61,128123,816],{"class":190},[61,128125,60345],{"class":194},[61,128127,816],{"class":190},[61,128129,116],{"class":75},[61,128131,128132,128134,128136,128138,128140],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,128133,130],{"class":129},[61,128135,109],{"class":75},[61,128137,64692],{"class":112},[61,128139,3417],{"class":75},[61,128141,128142],{"class":3420},"   # 6\n",[61,128144,128145],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,128146,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,128148,128149,128152,128154,128156,128158,128160,128162,128164,128166,128168],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,128150,128151],{"class":67},"missing ",[61,128153,72],{"class":71},[61,128155,42599],{"class":67},[61,128157,244],{"class":75},[61,128159,128119],{"class":112},[61,128161,109],{"class":75},[61,128163,816],{"class":190},[61,128165,56],{"class":194},[61,128167,816],{"class":190},[61,128169,116],{"class":75},[61,128171,128172,128174,128176,128178,128180],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,128173,130],{"class":129},[61,128175,109],{"class":75},[61,128177,26529],{"class":112},[61,128179,3417],{"class":75},[61,128181,128182],{"class":3420},"    # -1\n",[43338,128184,128185],{},[14,128186,204,128187,128189,128190,128192],{},[18,128188,124091],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[18,128191,65600],{}," if the substring is not found.",[47,128194,3435,128196,3438],{"id":128195},"what-find-does",[18,128197,124091],{},[14,128199,128200,128202],{},[18,128201,124091],{}," is a string method that:",[26,128204,128205,128208,128211,128216],{},[29,128206,128207],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[29,128209,128210],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[29,128212,11177,128213,128215],{},[18,128214,65600],{}," if no match is found",[29,128217,126280],{},[14,128219,1109],{},[52,128221,128223],{"className":54,"code":128222,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[18,128224,128225,128237,128241,128265,128289],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128226,128227,128229,128231,128233,128235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128228,517],{"class":67},[61,128230,72],{"class":71},[61,128232,522],{"class":190},[61,128234,3847],{"class":194},[61,128236,528],{"class":190},[61,128238,128239],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128240,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,128242,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,128244,130],{"class":129},[61,128246,109],{"class":75},[61,128248,541],{"class":112},[61,128250,244],{"class":75},[61,128252,128119],{"class":112},[61,128254,109],{"class":75},[61,128256,816],{"class":190},[61,128258,123189],{"class":194},[61,128260,816],{"class":190},[61,128262,5122],{"class":75},[61,128264,57404],{"class":3420},[61,128266,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275,128277,128279,128281,128283,128285,128287],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,128268,130],{"class":129},[61,128270,109],{"class":75},[61,128272,541],{"class":112},[61,128274,244],{"class":75},[61,128276,128119],{"class":112},[61,128278,109],{"class":75},[61,128280,816],{"class":190},[61,128282,1936],{"class":194},[61,128284,816],{"class":190},[61,128286,5122],{"class":75},[61,128288,128182],{"class":3420},[61,128290,128291,128293,128295,128297,128299],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,128292,130],{"class":129},[61,128294,109],{"class":75},[61,128296,541],{"class":112},[61,128298,3417],{"class":75},[61,128300,128301],{"class":3420},"              # banana\n",[14,128303,20527,128304,128307,128308,244],{},[18,128305,128306],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[18,128309,1821],{},[47,128311,248],{"id":247},[14,128313,1922],{},[52,128315,128317],{"className":54,"code":128316,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[18,128318,128319],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128320,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335,128337,128339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128322,60928],{"class":67},[61,128324,244],{"class":75},[61,128326,128119],{"class":112},[61,128328,109],{"class":75},[61,128330,1605],{"class":112},[61,128332,83],{"class":75},[61,128334,35808],{"class":112},[61,128336,83],{"class":75},[61,128338,64786],{"class":112},[61,128340,116],{"class":75},[408,128342,17151],{"id":17150},[26,128344,128345,128349,128354],{},[29,128346,128347,123288],{},[18,128348,1605],{},[29,128350,128351,128353],{},[18,128352,35829],{},": optional starting position",[29,128355,128356,128358],{},[18,128357,52418],{},": optional ending position",[14,128360,128361,4154,128363,128365],{},[18,128362,35829],{},[18,128364,52418],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128367,126423],{},[52,128369,128371],{"className":54,"code":128370,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[18,128372,128373,128385,128389,128414,128443],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128374,128375,128377,128379,128381,128383],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128376,517],{"class":67},[61,128378,72],{"class":71},[61,128380,522],{"class":190},[61,128382,60164],{"class":194},[61,128384,528],{"class":190},[61,128386,128387],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128388,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,128390,128391,128393,128395,128397,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,128392,130],{"class":129},[61,128394,109],{"class":75},[61,128396,541],{"class":112},[61,128398,244],{"class":75},[61,128400,128119],{"class":112},[61,128402,109],{"class":75},[61,128404,816],{"class":190},[61,128406,1379],{"class":194},[61,128408,816],{"class":190},[61,128410,5122],{"class":75},[61,128412,128413],{"class":3420},"        # 4\n",[61,128415,128416,128418,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,128417,130],{"class":129},[61,128419,109],{"class":75},[61,128421,541],{"class":112},[61,128423,244],{"class":75},[61,128425,128119],{"class":112},[61,128427,109],{"class":75},[61,128429,816],{"class":190},[61,128431,1379],{"class":194},[61,128433,816],{"class":190},[61,128435,83],{"class":75},[61,128437,4367],{"class":79},[61,128439,5122],{"class":75},[61,128441,128442],{"class":3420},"     # 7\n",[61,128444,128445,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463,128465,128467,128469,128471,128473],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,128446,130],{"class":129},[61,128448,109],{"class":75},[61,128450,541],{"class":112},[61,128452,244],{"class":75},[61,128454,128119],{"class":112},[61,128456,109],{"class":75},[61,128458,816],{"class":190},[61,128460,1379],{"class":194},[61,128462,816],{"class":190},[61,128464,83],{"class":75},[61,128466,4367],{"class":79},[61,128468,83],{"class":75},[61,128470,1134],{"class":79},[61,128472,5122],{"class":75},[61,128474,128475],{"class":3420},"  # -1\n",[47,128477,37777],{"id":37776},[14,128479,57303,128480,128482],{},[18,128481,124091],{}," is always an integer.",[26,128484,128485,128491,128494],{},[29,128486,128487,128488,128490],{},"A number ",[18,128489,675],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[29,128492,128493],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[29,128495,128496,128498],{},[18,128497,65600],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128500,1109],{},[52,128502,128504],{"className":54,"code":128503,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[18,128505,128506,128518,128522,128547,128572],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128507,128508,128510,128512,128514,128516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128509,517],{"class":67},[61,128511,72],{"class":71},[61,128513,522],{"class":190},[61,128515,56],{"class":194},[61,128517,528],{"class":190},[61,128519,128520],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128521,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,128523,128524,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534,128536,128538,128541,128543,128545],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,128525,130],{"class":129},[61,128527,109],{"class":75},[61,128529,541],{"class":112},[61,128531,244],{"class":75},[61,128533,128119],{"class":112},[61,128535,109],{"class":75},[61,128537,816],{"class":190},[61,128539,128540],{"class":194},"py",[61,128542,816],{"class":190},[61,128544,5122],{"class":75},[61,128546,20524],{"class":3420},[61,128548,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559,128561,128563,128566,128568,128570],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,128550,130],{"class":129},[61,128552,109],{"class":75},[61,128554,541],{"class":112},[61,128556,244],{"class":75},[61,128558,128119],{"class":112},[61,128560,109],{"class":75},[61,128562,816],{"class":190},[61,128564,128565],{"class":194},"th",[61,128567,816],{"class":190},[61,128569,5122],{"class":75},[61,128571,57404],{"class":3420},[61,128573,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592,128594],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,128575,130],{"class":129},[61,128577,109],{"class":75},[61,128579,541],{"class":112},[61,128581,244],{"class":75},[61,128583,128119],{"class":112},[61,128585,109],{"class":75},[61,128587,816],{"class":190},[61,128589,21834],{"class":194},[61,128591,816],{"class":190},[61,128593,5122],{"class":75},[61,128595,128182],{"class":3420},[14,128597,89655,128598,8214,128600,2638,128602,244],{},[18,128599,124091],{},[18,128601,3361],{},[18,128603,3431],{},[14,128605,128606],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[47,128608,8175,128609,4154,128611],{"id":65152},[18,128610,35829],{},[18,128612,52418],{},[14,128614,204,128615,128617],{},[18,128616,35829],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128619,204,128620,128622],{},[18,128621,52418],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128624,1744,128625,75208,128627,128629],{},[18,128626,52418],{},[603,128628,64815],{}," in the search.",[52,128631,128633],{"className":54,"code":128632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[18,128634,128635,128648,128652,128676,128705,128737],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128636,128637,128639,128641,128643,128646],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128638,517],{"class":67},[61,128640,72],{"class":71},[61,128642,522],{"class":190},[61,128644,128645],{"class":194},"one two three two",[61,128647,528],{"class":190},[61,128649,128650],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128651,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,128653,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,128655,130],{"class":129},[61,128657,109],{"class":75},[61,128659,541],{"class":112},[61,128661,244],{"class":75},[61,128663,128119],{"class":112},[61,128665,109],{"class":75},[61,128667,816],{"class":190},[61,128669,79017],{"class":194},[61,128671,816],{"class":190},[61,128673,5122],{"class":75},[61,128675,128413],{"class":3420},[61,128677,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700,128702],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,128679,130],{"class":129},[61,128681,109],{"class":75},[61,128683,541],{"class":112},[61,128685,244],{"class":75},[61,128687,128119],{"class":112},[61,128689,109],{"class":75},[61,128691,816],{"class":190},[61,128693,79017],{"class":194},[61,128695,816],{"class":190},[61,128697,83],{"class":75},[61,128699,4367],{"class":79},[61,128701,5122],{"class":75},[61,128703,128704],{"class":3420},"     # 14\n",[61,128706,128707,128709,128711,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,128708,130],{"class":129},[61,128710,109],{"class":75},[61,128712,541],{"class":112},[61,128714,244],{"class":75},[61,128716,128119],{"class":112},[61,128718,109],{"class":75},[61,128720,816],{"class":190},[61,128722,79017],{"class":194},[61,128724,816],{"class":190},[61,128726,83],{"class":75},[61,128728,3591],{"class":79},[61,128730,83],{"class":75},[61,128732,1134],{"class":79},[61,128734,5122],{"class":75},[61,128736,50693],{"class":3420},[61,128738,128739,128741,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,128740,130],{"class":129},[61,128742,109],{"class":75},[61,128744,541],{"class":112},[61,128746,244],{"class":75},[61,128748,128119],{"class":112},[61,128750,109],{"class":75},[61,128752,816],{"class":190},[61,128754,79017],{"class":194},[61,128756,816],{"class":190},[61,128758,83],{"class":75},[61,128760,3591],{"class":79},[61,128762,83],{"class":75},[61,128764,693],{"class":79},[61,128766,5122],{"class":75},[61,128768,128475],{"class":3420},[14,128770,128771],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,128773,128774,128775,54827,128779,244],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[235,128776,128778],{"href":128777},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[235,128780,128782,128784],{"href":128781},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[18,128783,60285],{}," string method",[47,128786,123743],{"id":123742},[14,128788,128789,123554],{},[18,128790,124091],{},[14,128792,127139,128793,4154,128795,128797],{},[18,128794,90163],{},[18,128796,64280],{}," are treated as different text.",[52,128799,128801],{"className":54,"code":128800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[18,128802,128803,128816,128820,128844],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128804,128805,128807,128809,128811,128814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128806,517],{"class":67},[61,128808,72],{"class":71},[61,128810,522],{"class":190},[61,128812,128813],{"class":194},"Hello World",[61,128815,528],{"class":190},[61,128817,128818],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128819,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,128821,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,128823,130],{"class":129},[61,128825,109],{"class":75},[61,128827,541],{"class":112},[61,128829,244],{"class":75},[61,128831,128119],{"class":112},[61,128833,109],{"class":75},[61,128835,816],{"class":190},[61,128837,34622],{"class":194},[61,128839,816],{"class":190},[61,128841,5122],{"class":75},[61,128843,51005],{"class":3420},[61,128845,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856,128858,128860,128862,128864,128866],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,128847,130],{"class":129},[61,128849,109],{"class":75},[61,128851,541],{"class":112},[61,128853,244],{"class":75},[61,128855,128119],{"class":112},[61,128857,109],{"class":75},[61,128859,816],{"class":190},[61,128861,1323],{"class":194},[61,128863,816],{"class":190},[61,128865,5122],{"class":75},[61,128867,128475],{"class":3420},[14,128869,128870],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[52,128872,128874],{"className":54,"code":128873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[18,128875,128876,128888,128892],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128877,128878,128880,128882,128884,128886],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128879,517],{"class":67},[61,128881,72],{"class":71},[61,128883,522],{"class":190},[61,128885,128813],{"class":194},[61,128887,528],{"class":190},[61,128889,128890],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128891,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,128893,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912,128914,128916,128918],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,128895,130],{"class":129},[61,128897,109],{"class":75},[61,128899,541],{"class":112},[61,128901,244],{"class":75},[61,128903,8399],{"class":112},[61,128905,8396],{"class":75},[61,128907,128119],{"class":112},[61,128909,109],{"class":75},[61,128911,816],{"class":190},[61,128913,1323],{"class":194},[61,128915,816],{"class":190},[61,128917,5122],{"class":75},[61,128919,51005],{"class":3420},[47,128921,128923,10337,128925],{"id":128922},"find-vs-index",[18,128924,124091],{},[18,128926,58727],{},[14,128928,128929,4154,128931,128933],{},[18,128930,124091],{},[18,128932,58727],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[26,128935,128936,128942],{},[29,128937,128938,2158,128940],{},[18,128939,124091],{},[18,128941,65600],{},[29,128943,128944,52253,128946],{},[18,128945,58727],{},[18,128947,40461],{},[14,128949,204,128950,128952],{},[18,128951,124091],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,128954,204,128955,128957],{},[18,128956,58727],{}," when the value must exist.",[52,128959,128961],{"className":54,"code":128960,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[18,128962,128963,128975,128979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128964,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128966,517],{"class":67},[61,128968,72],{"class":71},[61,128970,522],{"class":190},[61,128972,1323],{"class":194},[61,128974,528],{"class":190},[61,128976,128977],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,128978,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,128980,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991,128993,128995,128997,128999,129001],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,128982,130],{"class":129},[61,128984,109],{"class":75},[61,128986,541],{"class":112},[61,128988,244],{"class":75},[61,128990,128119],{"class":112},[61,128992,109],{"class":75},[61,128994,816],{"class":190},[61,128996,1936],{"class":194},[61,128998,816],{"class":190},[61,129000,5122],{"class":75},[61,129002,129003],{"class":3420},"   # -1\n",[52,129005,129007],{"className":54,"code":129006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,129008,129009,129021,129025],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129010,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129012,517],{"class":67},[61,129014,72],{"class":71},[61,129016,522],{"class":190},[61,129018,1323],{"class":194},[61,129020,528],{"class":190},[61,129022,129023],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129024,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,129026,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035,129037,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,129028,130],{"class":129},[61,129030,109],{"class":75},[61,129032,541],{"class":112},[61,129034,244],{"class":75},[61,129036,35602],{"class":112},[61,129038,109],{"class":75},[61,129040,816],{"class":190},[61,129042,1936],{"class":194},[61,129044,816],{"class":190},[61,129046,5122],{"class":75},[61,129048,129049],{"class":3420},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129051,129052,129053,129057,129058,129060,129061,244],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[235,129054,129055,128784],{"href":124116},[18,129056,58727],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[18,129059,58727],{},", read ",[235,129062,25436,129063],{"href":73228},[18,129064,129065],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[47,129067,40802],{"id":40801},[14,129069,35161,129070,129072],{},[18,129071,124091],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[26,129074,129075,129078,129081,129084],{},[29,129076,129077],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[29,129079,129080],{},"Get the position of a word",[29,129082,129083],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[29,129085,129086],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129088,129089],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[52,129091,129093],{"className":54,"code":129092,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[18,129094,129095,129108,129131,129135,129150,129166,129185,129199],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129096,129097,129099,129101,129103,129106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129098,517],{"class":67},[61,129100,72],{"class":71},[61,129102,522],{"class":190},[61,129104,129105],{"class":194},"name:Alice",[61,129107,528],{"class":190},[61,129109,129110,129113,129115,129117,129119,129121,129123,129125,129127,129129],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129111,129112],{"class":67},"colon_pos ",[61,129114,72],{"class":71},[61,129116,42599],{"class":67},[61,129118,244],{"class":75},[61,129120,128119],{"class":112},[61,129122,109],{"class":75},[61,129124,816],{"class":190},[61,129126,824],{"class":194},[61,129128,816],{"class":190},[61,129130,116],{"class":75},[61,129132,129133],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,129134,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,129136,129137,129139,129142,129144,129146,129148],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,129138,6758],{"class":3634},[61,129140,129141],{"class":67}," colon_pos ",[61,129143,72338],{"class":71},[61,129145,1984],{"class":71},[61,129147,80],{"class":79},[61,129149,6152],{"class":75},[61,129151,129152,129155,129157,129159,129161,129164],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,129153,129154],{"class":67},"    label ",[61,129156,72],{"class":71},[61,129158,42599],{"class":67},[61,129160,75281],{"class":75},[61,129162,129163],{"class":67},"colon_pos",[61,129165,94],{"class":75},[61,129167,129168,129170,129172,129174,129176,129178,129180,129182],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,129169,27157],{"class":67},[61,129171,72],{"class":71},[61,129173,42599],{"class":67},[61,129175,3658],{"class":75},[61,129177,129112],{"class":67},[61,129179,1824],{"class":71},[61,129181,680],{"class":79},[61,129183,129184],{"class":75},":]\n",[61,129186,129187,129189,129191,129194,129196],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,129188,7827],{"class":129},[61,129190,109],{"class":75},[61,129192,129193],{"class":112},"label",[61,129195,3417],{"class":75},[61,129197,129198],{"class":3420},"  # name\n",[61,129200,129201,129203,129205,129207,129209],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,129202,7827],{"class":129},[61,129204,109],{"class":75},[61,129206,1605],{"class":112},[61,129208,3417],{"class":75},[61,129210,129211],{"class":3420},"  # Alice\n",[14,129213,129214,129215,244],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[235,129216,127130],{"href":123351},[47,129218,2590],{"id":2589},[14,129220,129221,129222,824],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,129223,124091],{},[26,129225,129226,129235,129241,129246,129252],{},[29,129227,8211,129228,8214,129230,2638,129232,129234],{},[18,129229,124091],{},[18,129231,3361],{},[18,129233,3431],{}," instead of an index",[29,129236,129237,129238,129240],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[18,129239,65600],{}," when the substring is missing",[29,129242,8175,129243,129245],{},[18,129244,124091],{}," without handling case differences",[29,129247,36960,129248,8463,129250],{},[18,129249,124091],{},[18,129251,58727],{},[29,129253,4341,129254,129256],{},[18,129255,124091],{}," changes the string",[14,129258,129259],{},"Example of a mistake:",[52,129261,129263],{"className":54,"code":129262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129264,129265,129277,129281,129301,129316,129322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129266,129267,129269,129271,129273,129275],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129268,517],{"class":67},[61,129270,72],{"class":71},[61,129272,522],{"class":190},[61,129274,1323],{"class":194},[61,129276,528],{"class":190},[61,129278,129279],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129280,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,129282,129283,129285,129287,129289,129291,129293,129295,129297,129299],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,129284,6758],{"class":3634},[61,129286,42599],{"class":67},[61,129288,244],{"class":75},[61,129290,128119],{"class":112},[61,129292,109],{"class":75},[61,129294,816],{"class":190},[61,129296,1344],{"class":194},[61,129298,816],{"class":190},[61,129300,8099],{"class":75},[61,129302,129303,129305,129307,129309,129312,129314],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,129304,7827],{"class":129},[61,129306,109],{"class":75},[61,129308,816],{"class":190},[61,129310,129311],{"class":194},"Found",[61,129313,816],{"class":190},[61,129315,116],{"class":75},[61,129317,129318,129320],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,129319,27190],{"class":3634},[61,129321,6152],{"class":75},[61,129323,129324,129326,129328,129330,129332,129334],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,129325,7827],{"class":129},[61,129327,109],{"class":75},[61,129329,816],{"class":190},[61,129331,26072],{"class":194},[61,129333,816],{"class":190},[61,129335,116],{"class":75},[14,129337,99661],{},[52,129339,129341],{"className":54,"code":129340,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Not found\n",[18,129342,129343],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129344,129345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129346,129340],{"class":67},[14,129348,45461,129349,129352,129353,16829,129355,129357,129358,129360],{},[18,129350,129351],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[18,129354,675],{},[18,129356,675],{}," is treated as false in an ",[18,129359,6758],{}," statement.",[14,129362,129363],{},"A safer version is:",[52,129365,129367],{"className":54,"code":129366,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129368,129369,129381,129385,129414,129428,129434],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129370,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129372,517],{"class":67},[61,129374,72],{"class":71},[61,129376,522],{"class":190},[61,129378,1323],{"class":194},[61,129380,528],{"class":190},[61,129382,129383],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129384,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,129386,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129408,129410,129412],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,129388,6758],{"class":3634},[61,129390,42599],{"class":67},[61,129392,244],{"class":75},[61,129394,128119],{"class":112},[61,129396,109],{"class":75},[61,129398,816],{"class":190},[61,129400,1344],{"class":194},[61,129402,816],{"class":190},[61,129404,3417],{"class":75},[61,129406,129407],{"class":71}," !=",[61,129409,1984],{"class":71},[61,129411,80],{"class":79},[61,129413,6152],{"class":75},[61,129415,129416,129418,129420,129422,129424,129426],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,129417,7827],{"class":129},[61,129419,109],{"class":75},[61,129421,816],{"class":190},[61,129423,129311],{"class":194},[61,129425,816],{"class":190},[61,129427,116],{"class":75},[61,129429,129430,129432],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,129431,27190],{"class":3634},[61,129433,6152],{"class":75},[61,129435,129436,129438,129440,129442,129444,129446],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,129437,7827],{"class":129},[61,129439,109],{"class":75},[61,129441,816],{"class":190},[61,129443,26072],{"class":194},[61,129445,816],{"class":190},[61,129447,116],{"class":75},[14,129449,129450],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[52,129452,129454],{"className":54,"code":129453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[18,129455,129456,129478,129492,129518,129532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129457,129458,129460,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474,129476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129459,130],{"class":129},[61,129461,109],{"class":75},[61,129463,541],{"class":112},[61,129465,244],{"class":75},[61,129467,128119],{"class":112},[61,129469,109],{"class":75},[61,129471,198],{"class":190},[61,129473,38147],{"class":194},[61,129475,198],{"class":190},[61,129477,154],{"class":75},[61,129479,129480,129482,129484,129486,129488,129490],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129481,130],{"class":129},[61,129483,109],{"class":75},[61,129485,41536],{"class":129},[61,129487,109],{"class":75},[61,129489,541],{"class":112},[61,129491,154],{"class":75},[61,129493,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514,129516],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,129495,130],{"class":129},[61,129497,109],{"class":75},[61,129499,541],{"class":112},[61,129501,244],{"class":75},[61,129503,8399],{"class":112},[61,129505,8396],{"class":75},[61,129507,128119],{"class":112},[61,129509,109],{"class":75},[61,129511,198],{"class":190},[61,129513,38147],{"class":194},[61,129515,198],{"class":190},[61,129517,154],{"class":75},[61,129519,129520,129522,129524,129526,129528,129530],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,129521,130],{"class":129},[61,129523,109],{"class":75},[61,129525,10914],{"class":129},[61,129527,109],{"class":75},[61,129529,541],{"class":112},[61,129531,154],{"class":75},[61,129533,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542,129544,129546,129548,129550,129552,129554,129556,129558,129560],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,129535,130],{"class":129},[61,129537,109],{"class":75},[61,129539,541],{"class":112},[61,129541,244],{"class":75},[61,129543,128119],{"class":112},[61,129545,109],{"class":75},[61,129547,198],{"class":190},[61,129549,38147],{"class":194},[61,129551,198],{"class":190},[61,129553,83],{"class":75},[61,129555,35808],{"class":112},[61,129557,83],{"class":75},[61,129559,64786],{"class":112},[61,129561,154],{"class":75},[14,129563,129564],{},"These help you check:",[26,129566,129567,129572,129577,129582,129585],{},[29,129568,129569,129570],{},"The actual result from ",[18,129571,124091],{},[29,129573,129574,129575],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[18,129576,122310],{},[29,129578,129579,129580],{},"Case differences with ",[18,129581,123826],{},[29,129583,129584],{},"The string length",[29,129586,129587,129588,4154,129590,129592],{},"Whether your ",[18,129589,35829],{},[18,129591,52418],{}," values are correct",[47,129594,1620],{"id":1619},[408,129596,129598,129599,129601],{"id":129597},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[18,129600,124091],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129603,4911,129604,244],{},[18,129605,65600],{},[408,129607,12459,129609,129611],{"id":129608},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[18,129610,124091],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129613,129614],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[408,129616,129618,129619,124432],{"id":129617},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[18,129620,124091],{},[14,129622,129623],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[408,129625,4943,129627,4154,129629,69401],{"id":129626},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[18,129628,124091],{},[18,129630,58727],{},[14,129632,129633,2158,129635,129637,129638,52253,129640,244],{},[18,129634,124091],{},[18,129636,65600],{}," if not found, while ",[18,129639,58727],{},[18,129641,40461],{},[408,129643,28085,129645,129647],{"id":129644},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[18,129646,124091],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129649,129650,129651,4154,129653,65899],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[18,129652,35829],{},[18,129654,52418],{},[47,129656,1664],{"id":1663},[26,129658,129659,129665,129671,129678,129684,129691,129695,129700],{},[29,129660,129661],{},[235,129662,126094,129663,10492],{"href":124116},[18,129664,58727],{},[29,129666,129667],{},[235,129668,126094,129669,10492],{"href":128781},[18,129670,60285],{},[29,129672,129673],{},[235,129674,126094,129676,10492],{"href":129675},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[18,129677,124267],{},[29,129679,129680],{},[235,129681,126094,129682,10492],{"href":127459},[18,129683,127462],{},[29,129685,129686],{},[235,129687,126094,129689,10492],{"href":129688},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[18,129690,126152],{},[29,129692,129693],{},[235,129694,124495],{"href":123351},[29,129696,129697],{},[235,129698,129699],{"href":128777},"How to split a string in Python",[29,129701,129702],{},[235,129703,25879,129704],{"href":73228},[18,129705,129065],{},[1693,129707,129708],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":129710},[129711,129713,129716,129717,129718,129719,129721,129722,129723,129735],{"id":128195,"depth":97,"text":129712},"What find() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248,"children":129714},[129715],{"id":17150,"depth":119,"text":17151},{"id":37776,"depth":97,"text":37777},{"id":65152,"depth":97,"text":65935},{"id":123742,"depth":97,"text":123743},{"id":128922,"depth":97,"text":129720},"find() vs index()",{"id":40801,"depth":97,"text":40802},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":129724},[129725,129727,129729,129731,129733],{"id":129597,"depth":119,"text":129726},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129608,"depth":119,"text":129728},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129617,"depth":119,"text":129730},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129626,"depth":119,"text":129732},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129644,"depth":119,"text":129734},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128067,"description":129736},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129743,"title":129744,"body":129745,"description":131671,"extension":1727,"meta":131672,"navigation":122,"path":131673,"seo":131674,"stem":131675,"__hash__":131676},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129746,"toc":131639},[129747,129752,129757,129760,129762,129838,129842,129870,129878,129882,129887,129891,129908,129910,129977,129981,130003,130011,130013,130016,130040,130043,130057,130059,130144,130148,130160,130163,130167,130173,130223,130227,130244,130253,130256,130264,130267,130316,130320,130345,130348,130403,130407,130419,130425,130429,130435,130440,130507,130511,130537,130540,130551,130553,130620,130624,130649,130656,130660,130665,130672,130680,130682,130734,130738,130756,130758,130803,130807,130822,130825,130835,130842,130844,130848,130851,130862,130864,130924,130928,130956,130959,130965,130970,130973,130977,131021,131024,131062,131065,131073,131075,131080,131084,131087,131135,131138,131141,131197,131201,131206,131209,131258,131260,131309,131315,131320,131322,131369,131373,131386,131388,131439,131445,131448,131452,131455,131461,131466,131468,131471,131543,131546,131563,131565,131570,131573,131577,131583,131589,131596,131602,131608,131610,131636],[10,129748,123096,129750,11075],{"id":129749},"python-string-format-method",[18,129751,126097],{},[14,129753,123101,129754,129756],{},[18,129755,126097],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129758,129759],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[47,129761,50],{"id":49},[52,129763,129765],{"className":54,"code":129764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[18,129766,129767,129779,129787,129791,129828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129768,129769,129771,129773,129775,129777],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129770,7634],{"class":67},[61,129772,72],{"class":71},[61,129774,522],{"class":190},[61,129776,11262],{"class":194},[61,129778,528],{"class":190},[61,129780,129781,129783,129785],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129782,21385],{"class":67},[61,129784,72],{"class":71},[61,129786,88544],{"class":79},[61,129788,129789],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,129790,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,129792,129793,129795,129797,129799,129802,129804,129807,129809,129811,129813,129815,129818,129820,129822,129824,129826],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,129794,89752],{"class":67},[61,129796,72],{"class":71},[61,129798,522],{"class":190},[61,129800,129801],{"class":194},"My name is ",[61,129803,3550],{"class":79},[61,129805,129806],{"class":194}," and I am ",[61,129808,3550],{"class":79},[61,129810,122092],{"class":194},[61,129812,816],{"class":190},[61,129814,244],{"class":75},[61,129816,129817],{"class":112},"format",[61,129819,109],{"class":75},[61,129821,819],{"class":112},[61,129823,83],{"class":75},[61,129825,8946],{"class":112},[61,129827,116],{"class":75},[61,129829,129830,129832,129834,129836],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,129831,130],{"class":129},[61,129833,109],{"class":75},[61,129835,89769],{"class":112},[61,129837,116],{"class":75},[14,129839,129840],{},[603,129841,157],{},[52,129843,129845],{"className":54,"code":129844,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[18,129846,129847],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129848,129849,129852,129854,129857,129860,129863,129866,129868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129850,129851],{"class":67},"My name ",[61,129853,11948],{"class":71},[61,129855,129856],{"class":67}," Maya ",[61,129858,129859],{"class":71},"and",[61,129861,129862],{"class":67}," I am ",[61,129864,129865],{"class":79},"12",[61,129867,122125],{"class":67},[61,129869,122128],{"class":75},[14,129871,204,129872,129874,129875,129877],{},[18,129873,3550],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[18,129876,126097],{}," in the same order.",[14,129879,124846,129880,244],{},[235,129881,124849],{"href":50733},[47,129883,12751,129885,12754],{"id":129884},"what-the-format-method-does",[18,129886,126097],{},[14,129888,1744,129889,11166],{},[18,129890,126097],{},[26,129892,129893,129896,129902,129905],{},[29,129894,129895],{},"inserts values into a string",[29,129897,129898,129899,129901],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[18,129900,3550],{}," with given values",[29,129903,129904],{},"returns a new string",[29,129906,129907],{},"does not change the original string",[14,129909,1109],{},[52,129911,129913],{"className":54,"code":129912,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,129914,129915,129929,129952,129956,129967],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129916,129917,129919,129921,129923,129925,129927],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129918,517],{"class":67},[61,129920,72],{"class":71},[61,129922,522],{"class":190},[61,129924,44659],{"class":194},[61,129926,3550],{"class":79},[61,129928,528],{"class":190},[61,129930,129931,129934,129936,129938,129940,129942,129944,129946,129948,129950],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129932,129933],{"class":67},"new_text ",[61,129935,72],{"class":71},[61,129937,42599],{"class":67},[61,129939,244],{"class":75},[61,129941,129817],{"class":112},[61,129943,109],{"class":75},[61,129945,816],{"class":190},[61,129947,7436],{"class":194},[61,129949,816],{"class":190},[61,129951,116],{"class":75},[61,129953,129954],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,129955,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,129957,129958,129960,129962,129965],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,129959,130],{"class":129},[61,129961,109],{"class":75},[61,129963,129964],{"class":112},"new_text",[61,129966,116],{"class":75},[61,129968,129969,129971,129973,129975],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,129970,130],{"class":129},[61,129972,109],{"class":75},[61,129974,541],{"class":112},[61,129976,116],{"class":75},[14,129978,129979],{},[603,129980,157],{},[52,129982,129984],{"className":54,"code":129983,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[18,129985,129986,129995],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129987,129988,129990,129992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129989,34622],{"class":67},[61,129991,83],{"class":75},[61,129993,129994],{"class":67}," Sam\n",[61,129996,129997,129999,130001],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,129998,34622],{"class":67},[61,130000,83],{"class":75},[61,130002,9590],{"class":75},[14,130004,2047,130005,130007,130008,130010],{},[18,130006,541],{}," stays the same. ",[18,130009,126097],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[47,130012,248],{"id":247},[14,130014,130015],{},"The general form is:",[52,130017,130019],{"className":54,"code":130018,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[18,130020,130021],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130022,130023,130025,130028,130030,130032,130034,130036,130038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130024,816],{"class":43086},[61,130026,130027],{"class":43090},"text {}",[61,130029,816],{"class":43086},[61,130031,244],{"class":75},[61,130033,129817],{"class":112},[61,130035,109],{"class":75},[61,130037,1605],{"class":112},[61,130039,116],{"class":75},[14,130041,130042],{},"Key idea:",[26,130044,130045,130051,130054],{},[29,130046,130047,130048,130050],{},"each ",[18,130049,3550],{}," is a placeholder",[29,130052,130053],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[29,130055,130056],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130058,1109],{},[52,130060,130062],{"className":54,"code":130061,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[18,130063,130064,130077,130091,130095,130133],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130065,130066,130069,130071,130073,130075],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130067,130068],{"class":67},"animal ",[61,130070,72],{"class":71},[61,130072,522],{"class":190},[61,130074,525],{"class":194},[61,130076,528],{"class":190},[61,130078,130079,130082,130084,130086,130089],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130080,130081],{"class":67},"sound ",[61,130083,72],{"class":71},[61,130085,522],{"class":190},[61,130087,130088],{"class":194},"meow",[61,130090,528],{"class":190},[61,130092,130093],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,130094,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,130096,130097,130100,130102,130104,130106,130108,130111,130113,130115,130117,130119,130121,130123,130126,130128,130131],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,130098,130099],{"class":67},"sentence ",[61,130101,72],{"class":71},[61,130103,522],{"class":190},[61,130105,1744],{"class":194},[61,130107,3550],{"class":79},[61,130109,130110],{"class":194}," says ",[61,130112,3550],{"class":79},[61,130114,244],{"class":194},[61,130116,816],{"class":190},[61,130118,244],{"class":75},[61,130120,129817],{"class":112},[61,130122,109],{"class":75},[61,130124,130125],{"class":112},"animal",[61,130127,83],{"class":75},[61,130129,130130],{"class":112}," sound",[61,130132,116],{"class":75},[61,130134,130135,130137,130139,130142],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,130136,130],{"class":129},[61,130138,109],{"class":75},[61,130140,130141],{"class":112},"sentence",[61,130143,116],{"class":75},[14,130145,130146],{},[603,130147,157],{},[52,130149,130151],{"className":54,"code":130150,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The cat says meow.\n",[18,130152,130153],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130154,130155,130158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130156,130157],{"class":67},"The cat says meow",[61,130159,122128],{"class":75},[14,130161,130162],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[47,130164,130166],{"id":130165},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130168,130169,130170,130172],{},"You can use empty braces ",[18,130171,3550],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[52,130174,130176],{"className":54,"code":130175,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[18,130177,130178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130179,130180,130182,130184,130186,130189,130191,130193,130195,130197,130199,130201,130203,130205,130207,130210,130212,130214,130216,130219,130221],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130181,130],{"class":129},[61,130183,109],{"class":75},[61,130185,816],{"class":190},[61,130187,130188],{"class":194},"I like ",[61,130190,3550],{"class":79},[61,130192,4154],{"class":194},[61,130194,3550],{"class":79},[61,130196,244],{"class":194},[61,130198,816],{"class":190},[61,130200,244],{"class":75},[61,130202,129817],{"class":112},[61,130204,109],{"class":75},[61,130206,816],{"class":190},[61,130208,130209],{"class":194},"pizza",[61,130211,816],{"class":190},[61,130213,83],{"class":75},[61,130215,522],{"class":190},[61,130217,130218],{"class":194},"pasta",[61,130220,816],{"class":190},[61,130222,154],{"class":75},[14,130224,130225],{},[603,130226,157],{},[52,130228,130230],{"className":54,"code":130229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[18,130231,130232],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130233,130234,130237,130239,130242],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130235,130236],{"class":67},"I like pizza ",[61,130238,129859],{"class":71},[61,130240,130241],{"class":67}," pasta",[61,130243,122128],{"class":75},[14,130245,130246,130247,4154,130250,244],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[18,130248,130249],{},"{0}",[18,130251,130252],{},"{1}",[14,130254,130255],{},"This is helpful when:",[26,130257,130258,130261],{},[29,130259,130260],{},"you want to reuse a value",[29,130262,130263],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130265,130266],{},"Example with reused values:",[52,130268,130270],{"className":54,"code":130269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130271,130272,130306],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130273,130274,130276,130278,130280,130282,130285,130287,130290,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130275,517],{"class":67},[61,130277,72],{"class":71},[61,130279,522],{"class":190},[61,130281,130249],{"class":79},[61,130283,130284],{"class":194}," is learning Python. ",[61,130286,130249],{"class":79},[61,130288,130289],{"class":194}," likes coding.",[61,130291,816],{"class":190},[61,130293,244],{"class":75},[61,130295,129817],{"class":112},[61,130297,109],{"class":75},[61,130299,816],{"class":190},[61,130301,19638],{"class":194},[61,130303,816],{"class":190},[61,130305,116],{"class":75},[61,130307,130308,130310,130312,130314],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130309,130],{"class":129},[61,130311,109],{"class":75},[61,130313,541],{"class":112},[61,130315,116],{"class":75},[14,130317,130318],{},[603,130319,157],{},[52,130321,130323],{"className":54,"code":130322,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[18,130324,130325],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130326,130327,130330,130332,130335,130337,130340,130343],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130328,130329],{"class":67},"Lina ",[61,130331,11948],{"class":71},[61,130333,130334],{"class":67}," learning Python",[61,130336,244],{"class":75},[61,130338,130339],{"class":24507}," Lina",[61,130341,130342],{"class":67}," likes coding",[61,130344,122128],{"class":75},[14,130346,130347],{},"Example with changed order:",[52,130349,130351],{"className":54,"code":130350,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130352,130353,130393],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130354,130355,130357,130359,130361,130363,130365,130367,130369,130371,130373,130375,130377,130379,130381,130383,130385,130387,130389,130391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130356,517],{"class":67},[61,130358,72],{"class":71},[61,130360,522],{"class":190},[61,130362,130252],{"class":79},[61,130364,83071],{"class":194},[61,130366,130249],{"class":79},[61,130368,244],{"class":194},[61,130370,816],{"class":190},[61,130372,244],{"class":75},[61,130374,129817],{"class":112},[61,130376,109],{"class":75},[61,130378,816],{"class":190},[61,130380,6345],{"class":194},[61,130382,816],{"class":190},[61,130384,83],{"class":75},[61,130386,522],{"class":190},[61,130388,79017],{"class":194},[61,130390,816],{"class":190},[61,130392,116],{"class":75},[61,130394,130395,130397,130399,130401],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130396,130],{"class":129},[61,130398,109],{"class":75},[61,130400,541],{"class":112},[61,130402,116],{"class":75},[14,130404,130405],{},[603,130406,157],{},[52,130408,130410],{"className":54,"code":130409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"two comes after one.\n",[18,130411,130412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130413,130414,130417],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130415,130416],{"class":67},"two comes after one",[61,130418,122128],{"class":75},[14,130420,130421,130422,130424],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[18,130423,3550],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[47,130426,130428],{"id":130427},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130430,130431,130432,244],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[18,130433,130434],{},"{name}",[14,130436,130437,130438,824],{},"You pass matching names into ",[18,130439,126097],{},[52,130441,130443],{"className":54,"code":130442,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130444,130445,130497],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130446,130447,130449,130451,130453,130455,130457,130460,130463,130465,130467,130469,130471,130473,130475,130477,130479,130481,130483,130485,130487,130489,130491,130493,130495],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130448,517],{"class":67},[61,130450,72],{"class":71},[61,130452,522],{"class":190},[61,130454,129801],{"class":194},[61,130456,130434],{"class":79},[61,130458,130459],{"class":194}," and I live in ",[61,130461,130462],{"class":79},"{city}",[61,130464,244],{"class":194},[61,130466,816],{"class":190},[61,130468,244],{"class":75},[61,130470,129817],{"class":112},[61,130472,109],{"class":75},[61,130474,819],{"class":8933},[61,130476,72],{"class":71},[61,130478,816],{"class":190},[61,130480,829],{"class":194},[61,130482,816],{"class":190},[61,130484,83],{"class":75},[61,130486,31140],{"class":8933},[61,130488,72],{"class":71},[61,130490,816],{"class":190},[61,130492,15787],{"class":194},[61,130494,816],{"class":190},[61,130496,116],{"class":75},[61,130498,130499,130501,130503,130505],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130500,130],{"class":129},[61,130502,109],{"class":75},[61,130504,541],{"class":112},[61,130506,116],{"class":75},[14,130508,130509],{},[603,130510,157],{},[52,130512,130514],{"className":54,"code":130513,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[18,130515,130516],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130517,130518,130520,130522,130525,130527,130530,130532,130535],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130519,129851],{"class":67},[61,130521,11948],{"class":71},[61,130523,130524],{"class":67}," Ana ",[61,130526,129859],{"class":71},[61,130528,130529],{"class":67}," I live ",[61,130531,3641],{"class":71},[61,130533,130534],{"class":67}," Lima",[61,130536,122128],{"class":75},[14,130538,130539],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[26,130541,130542,130545,130548],{},[29,130543,130544],{},"they make code easier to read",[29,130546,130547],{},"they help when a string has many values",[29,130549,130550],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130552,1109],{},[52,130554,130556],{"className":54,"code":130555,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[18,130557,130558,130610],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130559,130560,130563,130565,130567,130570,130573,130576,130579,130581,130583,130585,130587,130589,130591,130593,130596,130598,130600,130603,130605,130608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130561,130562],{"class":67},"report ",[61,130564,72],{"class":71},[61,130566,522],{"class":190},[61,130568,130569],{"class":194},"Student: ",[61,130571,130572],{"class":79},"{student}",[61,130574,130575],{"class":194},", Score: ",[61,130577,130578],{"class":79},"{score}",[61,130580,816],{"class":190},[61,130582,244],{"class":75},[61,130584,129817],{"class":112},[61,130586,109],{"class":75},[61,130588,13381],{"class":8933},[61,130590,72],{"class":71},[61,130592,816],{"class":190},[61,130594,130595],{"class":194},"Noah",[61,130597,816],{"class":190},[61,130599,83],{"class":75},[61,130601,130602],{"class":8933}," score",[61,130604,72],{"class":71},[61,130606,130607],{"class":79},"95",[61,130609,116],{"class":75},[61,130611,130612,130614,130616,130618],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130613,130],{"class":129},[61,130615,109],{"class":75},[61,130617,127807],{"class":112},[61,130619,116],{"class":75},[14,130621,130622],{},[603,130623,157],{},[52,130625,130627],{"className":54,"code":130626,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[18,130628,130629],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130630,130631,130634,130636,130639,130641,130644,130646],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130632,130633],{"class":67},"Student",[61,130635,824],{"class":75},[61,130637,130638],{"class":67}," Noah",[61,130640,83],{"class":75},[61,130642,130643],{"class":67}," Score",[61,130645,824],{"class":75},[61,130647,130648],{"class":79}," 95\n",[14,130650,130651,130652,244],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[235,130653,3332,130654,3265],{"href":41932},[18,130655,47442],{},[47,130657,130659],{"id":130658},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130661,130662,130664],{},[18,130663,126097],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130666,130667,130668,130671],{},"A common example is ",[18,130669,130670],{},":.2f",", which means:",[26,130673,130674,130677],{},[29,130675,130676],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[29,130678,130679],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130681,1109],{},[52,130683,130685],{"className":54,"code":130684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130686,130687,130695,130724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130688,130689,130691,130693],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130690,40144],{"class":67},[61,130692,72],{"class":71},[61,130694,49033],{"class":79},[61,130696,130697,130699,130701,130703,130706,130708,130710,130712,130714,130716,130718,130720,130722],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130698,517],{"class":67},[61,130700,72],{"class":71},[61,130702,522],{"class":190},[61,130704,130705],{"class":194},"Price: $",[61,130707,9033],{"class":79},[61,130709,130670],{"class":186},[61,130711,22060],{"class":79},[61,130713,816],{"class":190},[61,130715,244],{"class":75},[61,130717,129817],{"class":112},[61,130719,109],{"class":75},[61,130721,24907],{"class":112},[61,130723,116],{"class":75},[61,130725,130726,130728,130730,130732],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,130727,130],{"class":129},[61,130729,109],{"class":75},[61,130731,541],{"class":112},[61,130733,116],{"class":75},[14,130735,130736],{},[603,130737,157],{},[52,130739,130741],{"className":54,"code":130740,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Price: $3.50\n",[18,130742,130743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130744,130745,130748,130750,130753],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130746,130747],{"class":67},"Price",[61,130749,824],{"class":75},[61,130751,130752],{"class":37123}," $",[61,130754,130755],{"class":79},"3.50\n",[14,130757,51838],{},[52,130759,130761],{"className":54,"code":130760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[18,130762,130763,130773],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130764,130765,130768,130770],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130766,130767],{"class":67},"average ",[61,130769,72],{"class":71},[61,130771,130772],{"class":79}," 91.236\n",[61,130774,130775,130777,130779,130781,130784,130786,130788,130790,130792,130794,130796,130798,130801],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130776,130],{"class":129},[61,130778,109],{"class":75},[61,130780,816],{"class":190},[61,130782,130783],{"class":194},"Average: ",[61,130785,9033],{"class":79},[61,130787,130670],{"class":186},[61,130789,22060],{"class":79},[61,130791,816],{"class":190},[61,130793,244],{"class":75},[61,130795,129817],{"class":112},[61,130797,109],{"class":75},[61,130799,130800],{"class":112},"average",[61,130802,154],{"class":75},[14,130804,130805],{},[603,130806,157],{},[52,130808,130810],{"className":54,"code":130809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Average: 91.24\n",[18,130811,130812],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130813,130814,130817,130819],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130815,130816],{"class":67},"Average",[61,130818,824],{"class":75},[61,130820,130821],{"class":79}," 91.24\n",[14,130823,130824],{},"This is useful for:",[26,130826,130827,130829,130832],{},[29,130828,82829],{},[29,130830,130831],{},"averages",[29,130833,130834],{},"percentages",[14,130836,130837,130838,244],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[235,130839,3332,130840,2064],{"href":46207},[18,130841,46210],{},[47,130843,17175],{"id":17174},[14,130845,130846,92266],{},[18,130847,126097],{},[14,130849,130850],{},"That means you can:",[26,130852,130853,130856,130859],{},[29,130854,130855],{},"save it in a variable",[29,130857,130858],{},"print it directly",[29,130860,130861],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,130863,1109],{},[52,130865,130867],{"className":54,"code":130866,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[18,130868,130869,130900,130910],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130870,130871,130873,130875,130877,130879,130881,130883,130885,130887,130889,130891,130893,130896,130898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130872,89752],{"class":67},[61,130874,72],{"class":71},[61,130876,522],{"class":190},[61,130878,44659],{"class":194},[61,130880,3550],{"class":79},[61,130882,89593],{"class":194},[61,130884,816],{"class":190},[61,130886,244],{"class":75},[61,130888,129817],{"class":112},[61,130890,109],{"class":75},[61,130892,816],{"class":190},[61,130894,130895],{"class":194},"Chris",[61,130897,816],{"class":190},[61,130899,116],{"class":75},[61,130901,130902,130904,130906,130908],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130903,130],{"class":129},[61,130905,109],{"class":75},[61,130907,89769],{"class":112},[61,130909,116],{"class":75},[61,130911,130912,130914,130916,130918,130920,130922],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,130913,130],{"class":129},[61,130915,109],{"class":75},[61,130917,147],{"class":105},[61,130919,109],{"class":75},[61,130921,89769],{"class":112},[61,130923,154],{"class":75},[14,130925,130926],{},[603,130927,157],{},[52,130929,130931],{"className":54,"code":130930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,130932,130933,130942],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130934,130935,130937,130939],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130936,34622],{"class":67},[61,130938,83],{"class":75},[61,130940,130941],{"class":67}," Chris!\n",[61,130943,130944,130946,130948,130950,130952,130954],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130945,183],{"class":71},[61,130947,187],{"class":186},[61,130949,191],{"class":190},[61,130951,3199],{"class":194},[61,130953,198],{"class":190},[61,130955,201],{"class":71},[14,130957,130958],{},"The original string is not changed.",[47,130960,130962,130964],{"id":130961},"format-vs-f-strings",[18,130963,126097],{}," vs f-strings",[14,130966,130967,130969],{},[18,130968,126097],{}," is a string method.",[14,130971,130972],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,130974,45798,130975,824],{},[18,130976,126097],{},[52,130978,130980],{"className":54,"code":130979,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[18,130981,130982,130995],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130983,130984,130986,130988,130990,130993],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130985,7634],{"class":67},[61,130987,72],{"class":71},[61,130989,522],{"class":190},[61,130991,130992],{"class":194},"Rita",[61,130994,528],{"class":190},[61,130996,130997,130999,131001,131003,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015,131017,131019],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,130998,130],{"class":129},[61,131000,109],{"class":75},[61,131002,816],{"class":190},[61,131004,44659],{"class":194},[61,131006,3550],{"class":79},[61,131008,89593],{"class":194},[61,131010,816],{"class":190},[61,131012,244],{"class":75},[61,131014,129817],{"class":112},[61,131016,109],{"class":75},[61,131018,819],{"class":112},[61,131020,154],{"class":75},[14,131022,131023],{},"Example with an f-string:",[52,131025,131027],{"className":54,"code":131026,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[18,131028,131029,131041],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131030,131031,131033,131035,131037,131039],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131032,7634],{"class":67},[61,131034,72],{"class":71},[61,131036,522],{"class":190},[61,131038,130992],{"class":194},[61,131040,528],{"class":190},[61,131042,131043,131045,131047,131049,131051,131053,131055,131057,131060],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131044,130],{"class":129},[61,131046,109],{"class":75},[61,131048,22051],{"class":186},[61,131050,43104],{"class":194},[61,131052,9033],{"class":79},[61,131054,819],{"class":112},[61,131056,22060],{"class":79},[61,131058,131059],{"class":194},"!\"",[61,131061,116],{"class":75},[14,131063,131064],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131066,131067,131068,131070,131071,244],{},"This page focuses on how ",[18,131069,126097],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[235,131072,89438],{"href":89437},[47,131074,2590],{"id":2589},[14,131076,131077,131078,244],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[18,131079,126097],{},[408,131081,131083],{"id":131082},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131085,131086],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[52,131088,131090],{"className":54,"code":131089,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131091,131092,131125],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131093,131094,131096,131098,131100,131102,131104,131107,131109,131111,131113,131115,131117,131119,131121,131123],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131095,517],{"class":67},[61,131097,72],{"class":71},[61,131099,522],{"class":190},[61,131101,44659],{"class":194},[61,131103,3550],{"class":79},[61,131105,131106],{"class":79}," {}",[61,131108,89593],{"class":194},[61,131110,816],{"class":190},[61,131112,244],{"class":75},[61,131114,129817],{"class":112},[61,131116,109],{"class":75},[61,131118,816],{"class":190},[61,131120,7436],{"class":194},[61,131122,816],{"class":190},[61,131124,116],{"class":75},[61,131126,131127,131129,131131,131133],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131128,130],{"class":129},[61,131130,109],{"class":75},[61,131132,541],{"class":112},[61,131134,116],{"class":75},[14,131136,131137],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131139,131140],{},"Fixed version:",[52,131142,131144],{"className":54,"code":131143,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131145,131146,131187],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131147,131148,131150,131152,131154,131156,131158,131160,131162,131164,131166,131168,131170,131172,131174,131176,131178,131180,131183,131185],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131149,517],{"class":67},[61,131151,72],{"class":71},[61,131153,522],{"class":190},[61,131155,44659],{"class":194},[61,131157,3550],{"class":79},[61,131159,131106],{"class":79},[61,131161,89593],{"class":194},[61,131163,816],{"class":190},[61,131165,244],{"class":75},[61,131167,129817],{"class":112},[61,131169,109],{"class":75},[61,131171,816],{"class":190},[61,131173,7436],{"class":194},[61,131175,816],{"class":190},[61,131177,83],{"class":75},[61,131179,522],{"class":190},[61,131181,131182],{"class":194},"Lee",[61,131184,816],{"class":190},[61,131186,116],{"class":75},[61,131188,131189,131191,131193,131195],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131190,130],{"class":129},[61,131192,109],{"class":75},[61,131194,541],{"class":112},[61,131196,116],{"class":75},[408,131198,131200],{"id":131199},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131202,131203,131204,244],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[18,131205,126097],{},[14,131207,131208],{},"Problem:",[52,131210,131212],{"className":54,"code":131211,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131213,131214,131248],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131215,131216,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242,131244,131246],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131217,517],{"class":67},[61,131219,72],{"class":71},[61,131221,522],{"class":190},[61,131223,44659],{"class":194},[61,131225,130434],{"class":79},[61,131227,89593],{"class":194},[61,131229,816],{"class":190},[61,131231,244],{"class":75},[61,131233,129817],{"class":112},[61,131235,109],{"class":75},[61,131237,7743],{"class":8933},[61,131239,72],{"class":71},[61,131241,816],{"class":190},[61,131243,7436],{"class":194},[61,131245,816],{"class":190},[61,131247,116],{"class":75},[61,131249,131250,131252,131254,131256],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131251,130],{"class":129},[61,131253,109],{"class":75},[61,131255,541],{"class":112},[61,131257,116],{"class":75},[14,131259,131140],{},[52,131261,131263],{"className":54,"code":131262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131264,131265,131299],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131266,131267,131269,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131268,517],{"class":67},[61,131270,72],{"class":71},[61,131272,522],{"class":190},[61,131274,44659],{"class":194},[61,131276,130434],{"class":79},[61,131278,89593],{"class":194},[61,131280,816],{"class":190},[61,131282,244],{"class":75},[61,131284,129817],{"class":112},[61,131286,109],{"class":75},[61,131288,819],{"class":8933},[61,131290,72],{"class":71},[61,131292,816],{"class":190},[61,131294,7436],{"class":194},[61,131296,816],{"class":190},[61,131298,116],{"class":75},[61,131300,131301,131303,131305,131307],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131302,130],{"class":129},[61,131304,109],{"class":75},[61,131306,541],{"class":112},[61,131308,116],{"class":75},[408,131310,8211,131312,131314],{"id":131311},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[18,131313,126097],{}," to change the original string",[14,131316,131317,131319],{},[18,131318,126097],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131321,131208],{},[52,131323,131325],{"className":54,"code":131324,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131326,131327,131341,131359],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131328,131329,131331,131333,131335,131337,131339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131330,517],{"class":67},[61,131332,72],{"class":71},[61,131334,522],{"class":190},[61,131336,44659],{"class":194},[61,131338,3550],{"class":79},[61,131340,528],{"class":190},[61,131342,131343,131345,131347,131349,131351,131353,131355,131357],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131344,541],{"class":67},[61,131346,244],{"class":75},[61,131348,129817],{"class":112},[61,131350,109],{"class":75},[61,131352,816],{"class":190},[61,131354,7436],{"class":194},[61,131356,816],{"class":190},[61,131358,116],{"class":75},[61,131360,131361,131363,131365,131367],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,131362,130],{"class":129},[61,131364,109],{"class":75},[61,131366,541],{"class":112},[61,131368,116],{"class":75},[14,131370,131371],{},[603,131372,157],{},[52,131374,131376],{"className":54,"code":131375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello, {}\n",[18,131377,131378],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131379,131380,131382,131384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131381,34622],{"class":67},[61,131383,83],{"class":75},[61,131385,9590],{"class":75},[14,131387,131140],{},[52,131389,131391],{"className":54,"code":131390,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131392,131393,131407,131429],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131394,131395,131397,131399,131401,131403,131405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131396,517],{"class":67},[61,131398,72],{"class":71},[61,131400,522],{"class":190},[61,131402,44659],{"class":194},[61,131404,3550],{"class":79},[61,131406,528],{"class":190},[61,131408,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131410,517],{"class":67},[61,131412,72],{"class":71},[61,131414,42599],{"class":67},[61,131416,244],{"class":75},[61,131418,129817],{"class":112},[61,131420,109],{"class":75},[61,131422,816],{"class":190},[61,131424,7436],{"class":194},[61,131426,816],{"class":190},[61,131428,116],{"class":75},[61,131430,131431,131433,131435,131437],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,131432,130],{"class":129},[61,131434,109],{"class":75},[61,131436,541],{"class":112},[61,131438,116],{"class":75},[408,131440,4466,131442,131444],{"id":131441},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[18,131443,126097],{}," returns a new string",[14,131446,131447],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[408,131449,131451],{"id":131450},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131453,131454],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131456,131457,131458,131460],{},"Use simple ",[18,131459,3550],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131462,131463,131464,244],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[235,131465,90151],{"href":90150},[47,131467,67641],{"id":67640},[14,131469,131470],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[52,131472,131474],{"className":54,"code":131473,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[18,131475,131476,131486,131500,131529],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131477,131478,131480,131482,131484],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131479,130],{"class":129},[61,131481,109],{"class":75},[61,131483,541],{"class":112},[61,131485,116],{"class":75},[61,131487,131488,131490,131492,131494,131496,131498],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131489,130],{"class":129},[61,131491,109],{"class":75},[61,131493,147],{"class":105},[61,131495,109],{"class":75},[61,131497,1605],{"class":112},[61,131499,154],{"class":75},[61,131501,131502,131504,131506,131508,131511,131513,131515,131517,131519,131521,131523,131525,131527],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,131503,130],{"class":129},[61,131505,109],{"class":75},[61,131507,816],{"class":190},[61,131509,131510],{"class":194},"Hello ",[61,131512,3550],{"class":79},[61,131514,816],{"class":190},[61,131516,244],{"class":75},[61,131518,129817],{"class":112},[61,131520,109],{"class":75},[61,131522,816],{"class":190},[61,131524,7436],{"class":194},[61,131526,816],{"class":190},[61,131528,154],{"class":75},[61,131530,131531,131533,131535,131537,131539,131541],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,131532,31908],{"class":129},[61,131534,109],{"class":75},[61,131536,3199],{"class":105},[61,131538,244],{"class":75},[61,131540,129817],{"class":24507},[61,131542,116],{"class":75},[14,131544,131545],{},"Use them to check:",[26,131547,131548,131551,131554,131557],{},[29,131549,131550],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[29,131552,131553],{},"what type your value has",[29,131555,131556],{},"whether a small test example works",[29,131558,131559,131560],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[18,131561,131562],{},"str.format",[47,131564,1620],{"id":1619},[408,131566,129598,131568,12471],{"id":131567},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[18,131569,126097],{},[14,131571,131572],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[408,131574,131576],{"id":131575},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131578,131579,131580,131582],{},"No. You can use plain ",[18,131581,3550],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[408,131584,131586,131587,2251],{"id":131585},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[18,131588,126097],{},[14,131590,131591,131592,131595],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[18,131593,131594],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[408,131597,14658,131599,131601],{"id":131598},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[18,131600,126097],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131603,131604,131605,131607],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[18,131606,126097],{}," is still useful and common.",[47,131609,1664],{"id":1663},[26,131611,131612,131616,131620,131626,131632],{},[29,131613,131614],{},[235,131615,124849],{"href":50733},[29,131617,131618],{},[235,131619,90428],{"href":89437},[29,131621,131622],{},[235,131623,3332,131624,3265],{"href":46207},[18,131625,46210],{},[29,131627,131628],{},[235,131629,3332,131630,3265],{"href":41932},[18,131631,47442],{},[29,131633,131634],{},[235,131635,90151],{"href":90150},[1693,131637,131638],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":131640},[131641,131642,131644,131645,131646,131647,131648,131649,131651,131660,131661,131670],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":129884,"depth":97,"text":131643},"What the format() method does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":130165,"depth":97,"text":130166},{"id":130427,"depth":97,"text":130428},{"id":130658,"depth":97,"text":130659},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":130961,"depth":97,"text":131650},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":131652},[131653,131654,131655,131657,131659],{"id":131082,"depth":119,"text":131083},{"id":131199,"depth":119,"text":131200},{"id":131311,"depth":119,"text":131656},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131441,"depth":119,"text":131658},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131450,"depth":119,"text":131451},{"id":67640,"depth":97,"text":67641},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":131662},[131663,131665,131666,131668],{"id":131567,"depth":119,"text":131664},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131575,"depth":119,"text":131576},{"id":131585,"depth":119,"text":131667},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131598,"depth":119,"text":131669},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129744,"description":131671},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131678,"title":131679,"body":131680,"description":133160,"extension":1727,"meta":133161,"navigation":122,"path":133162,"seo":133163,"stem":133164,"__hash__":133165},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131681,"toc":133132},[131682,131687,131692,131697,131699,131761,131768,131774,131779,131781,131797,131799,131870,131872,131886,131889,131939,131941,131943,131970,131973,131988,131991,132032,132035,132080,132087,132136,132138,132146,132148,132166,132168,132261,132269,132310,132315,132322,132328,132335,132338,132342,132443,132445,132467,132471,132524,132527,132530,132536,132543,132545,132584,132586,132604,132614,132621,132704,132707,132714,132721,132728,132732,132740,132786,132790,132799,132864,132869,132874,132885,132887,132892,132919,132921,133024,133027,133047,133049,133054,133057,133061,133065,133072,133081,133087,133090,133096,133098,133100,133129],[10,131683,123096,131685,11075],{"id":131684},"python-string-index-method",[18,131686,58727],{},[14,131688,123101,131689,131691],{},[18,131690,58727],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131693,131694,131695,244],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[18,131696,40461],{},[47,131698,50],{"id":49},[52,131700,131702],{"className":54,"code":131701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[18,131703,131704,131716,131738,131748,131752,131756],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131705,131706,131708,131710,131712,131714],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131707,517],{"class":67},[61,131709,72],{"class":71},[61,131711,522],{"class":190},[61,131713,60164],{"class":194},[61,131715,528],{"class":190},[61,131717,131718,131720,131722,131724,131726,131728,131730,131732,131734,131736],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131719,64665],{"class":67},[61,131721,72],{"class":71},[61,131723,42599],{"class":67},[61,131725,244],{"class":75},[61,131727,35602],{"class":112},[61,131729,109],{"class":75},[61,131731,816],{"class":190},[61,131733,60345],{"class":194},[61,131735,816],{"class":190},[61,131737,116],{"class":75},[61,131739,131740,131742,131744,131746],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,131741,130],{"class":129},[61,131743,109],{"class":75},[61,131745,64692],{"class":112},[61,131747,116],{"class":75},[61,131749,131750],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,131751,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,131753,131754],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,131755,90569],{"class":3420},[61,131757,131758],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,131759,131760],{"class":3420},"# 6\n",[14,131762,204,131763,131765,131766,244],{},[18,131764,58727],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[18,131767,40461],{},[47,131769,3435,131771,3438],{"id":131770},"what-strindex-does",[18,131772,131773],{},"str.index()",[14,131775,131776,131778],{},[18,131777,131773],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,131780,12807],{},[26,131782,131783,131786,131789,131792],{},[29,131784,131785],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[29,131787,131788],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[29,131790,131791],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[29,131793,30048,131794,131796],{},[18,131795,40461],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,131798,1109],{},[52,131800,131802],{"className":54,"code":131801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[18,131803,131804,131816,131820,131845],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131805,131806,131808,131810,131812,131814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131807,517],{"class":67},[61,131809,72],{"class":71},[61,131811,522],{"class":190},[61,131813,3847],{"class":194},[61,131815,528],{"class":190},[61,131817,131818],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131819,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,131821,131822,131824,131826,131828,131830,131832,131834,131836,131838,131840,131842],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,131823,130],{"class":129},[61,131825,109],{"class":75},[61,131827,541],{"class":112},[61,131829,244],{"class":75},[61,131831,35602],{"class":112},[61,131833,109],{"class":75},[61,131835,816],{"class":190},[61,131837,235],{"class":194},[61,131839,816],{"class":190},[61,131841,5122],{"class":75},[61,131843,131844],{"class":3420},"     # 1\n",[61,131846,131847,131849,131851,131853,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863,131865,131867],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,131848,130],{"class":129},[61,131850,109],{"class":75},[61,131852,541],{"class":112},[61,131854,244],{"class":75},[61,131856,35602],{"class":112},[61,131858,109],{"class":75},[61,131860,816],{"class":190},[61,131862,123189],{"class":194},[61,131864,816],{"class":190},[61,131866,5122],{"class":75},[61,131868,131869],{"class":3420},"    # 2\n",[14,131871,1941],{},[26,131873,131874,131880],{},[29,131875,131876,128307,131878],{},[18,131877,17853],{},[18,131879,80],{},[29,131881,131882,128307,131884],{},[18,131883,128306],{},[18,131885,1821],{},[14,131887,131888],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[52,131890,131892],{"className":54,"code":131891,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[18,131893,131894,131906,131910,131934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131895,131896,131898,131900,131902,131904],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131897,517],{"class":67},[61,131899,72],{"class":71},[61,131901,522],{"class":190},[61,131903,34622],{"class":194},[61,131905,528],{"class":190},[61,131907,131908],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,131909,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,131911,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,131913,130],{"class":129},[61,131915,109],{"class":75},[61,131917,541],{"class":112},[61,131919,244],{"class":75},[61,131921,35602],{"class":112},[61,131923,109],{"class":75},[61,131925,816],{"class":190},[61,131927,50949],{"class":194},[61,131929,816],{"class":190},[61,131931,5122],{"class":75},[61,131933,20524],{"class":3420},[61,131935,131936],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,131937,131938],{"class":3420},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[47,131940,248],{"id":247},[14,131942,1922],{},[52,131944,131946],{"className":54,"code":131945,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,131947,131948],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131949,131950,131952,131954,131956,131958,131960,131962,131964,131966,131968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131951,60928],{"class":67},[61,131953,244],{"class":75},[61,131955,35602],{"class":112},[61,131957,109],{"class":75},[61,131959,1605],{"class":112},[61,131961,83],{"class":75},[61,131963,35808],{"class":112},[61,131965,83],{"class":75},[61,131967,64786],{"class":112},[61,131969,116],{"class":75},[14,131971,131972],{},"Parameters:",[26,131974,131975,131979,131983],{},[29,131976,131977,123288],{},[18,131978,1605],{},[29,131980,131981,128353],{},[18,131982,35829],{},[29,131984,131985,131987],{},[18,131986,52418],{},": optional stopping position",[14,131989,131990],{},"You can use just the value:",[52,131992,131994],{"className":54,"code":131993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,131995,131996,132008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131997,131998,132000,132002,132004,132006],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131999,517],{"class":67},[61,132001,72],{"class":71},[61,132003,522],{"class":190},[61,132005,56],{"class":194},[61,132007,528],{"class":190},[61,132009,132010,132012,132014,132016,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028,132030],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132011,130],{"class":129},[61,132013,109],{"class":75},[61,132015,541],{"class":112},[61,132017,244],{"class":75},[61,132019,35602],{"class":112},[61,132021,109],{"class":75},[61,132023,816],{"class":190},[61,132025,590],{"class":194},[61,132027,816],{"class":190},[61,132029,5122],{"class":75},[61,132031,51173],{"class":3420},[14,132033,132034],{},"Or include a start position:",[52,132036,132038],{"className":54,"code":132037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[18,132039,132040,132052],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132041,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132043,517],{"class":67},[61,132045,72],{"class":71},[61,132047,522],{"class":190},[61,132049,3847],{"class":194},[61,132051,528],{"class":190},[61,132053,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132055,130],{"class":129},[61,132057,109],{"class":75},[61,132059,541],{"class":112},[61,132061,244],{"class":75},[61,132063,35602],{"class":112},[61,132065,109],{"class":75},[61,132067,816],{"class":190},[61,132069,235],{"class":194},[61,132071,816],{"class":190},[61,132073,83],{"class":75},[61,132075,86],{"class":79},[61,132077,5122],{"class":75},[61,132079,50528],{"class":3420},[14,132081,132082,132083,4154,132085,824],{},"Or include both ",[18,132084,35829],{},[18,132086,52418],{},[52,132088,132090],{"className":54,"code":132089,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[18,132091,132092,132104],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132093,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132095,517],{"class":67},[61,132097,72],{"class":71},[61,132099,522],{"class":190},[61,132101,3847],{"class":194},[61,132103,528],{"class":190},[61,132105,132106,132108,132110,132112,132114,132116,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132107,130],{"class":129},[61,132109,109],{"class":75},[61,132111,541],{"class":112},[61,132113,244],{"class":75},[61,132115,35602],{"class":112},[61,132117,109],{"class":75},[61,132119,816],{"class":190},[61,132121,235],{"class":194},[61,132123,816],{"class":190},[61,132125,83],{"class":75},[61,132127,86],{"class":79},[61,132129,83],{"class":75},[61,132131,4367],{"class":79},[61,132133,5122],{"class":75},[61,132135,50528],{"class":3420},[47,132137,37777],{"id":37776},[14,132139,28465,132140,132142,132143,244],{},[18,132141,58727],{}," is a ",[603,132144,132145],{},"zero-based index",[14,132147,1871],{},[26,132149,132150,132156,132161],{},[29,132151,132152,132153,132155],{},"Index ",[18,132154,675],{}," is the first character",[29,132157,132152,132158,132160],{},[18,132159,80],{}," is the second character",[29,132162,132152,132163,132165],{},[18,132164,1821],{}," is the third character",[14,132167,1109],{},[52,132169,132171],{"className":54,"code":132170,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132172,132173,132185,132189,132213,132237],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132174,132175,132177,132179,132181,132183],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132176,517],{"class":67},[61,132178,72],{"class":71},[61,132180,522],{"class":190},[61,132182,525],{"class":194},[61,132184,528],{"class":190},[61,132186,132187],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132188,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,132190,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,132192,130],{"class":129},[61,132194,109],{"class":75},[61,132196,541],{"class":112},[61,132198,244],{"class":75},[61,132200,35602],{"class":112},[61,132202,109],{"class":75},[61,132204,816],{"class":190},[61,132206,573],{"class":194},[61,132208,816],{"class":190},[61,132210,5122],{"class":75},[61,132212,51005],{"class":3420},[61,132214,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,132216,130],{"class":129},[61,132218,109],{"class":75},[61,132220,541],{"class":112},[61,132222,244],{"class":75},[61,132224,35602],{"class":112},[61,132226,109],{"class":75},[61,132228,816],{"class":190},[61,132230,235],{"class":194},[61,132232,816],{"class":190},[61,132234,5122],{"class":75},[61,132236,27536],{"class":3420},[61,132238,132239,132241,132243,132245,132247,132249,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,132240,130],{"class":129},[61,132242,109],{"class":75},[61,132244,541],{"class":112},[61,132246,244],{"class":75},[61,132248,35602],{"class":112},[61,132250,109],{"class":75},[61,132252,816],{"class":190},[61,132254,590],{"class":194},[61,132256,816],{"class":190},[61,132258,5122],{"class":75},[61,132260,51173],{"class":3420},[14,132262,132263,132265,132266,132268],{},[18,132264,58727],{}," returns only the ",[603,132267,29664],{}," matching position.",[52,132270,132272],{"className":54,"code":132271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[18,132273,132274,132286],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132275,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132277,517],{"class":67},[61,132279,72],{"class":71},[61,132281,522],{"class":190},[61,132283,3847],{"class":194},[61,132285,528],{"class":190},[61,132287,132288,132290,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132289,130],{"class":129},[61,132291,109],{"class":75},[61,132293,541],{"class":112},[61,132295,244],{"class":75},[61,132297,35602],{"class":112},[61,132299,109],{"class":75},[61,132301,816],{"class":190},[61,132303,235],{"class":194},[61,132305,816],{"class":190},[61,132307,5122],{"class":75},[61,132309,27536],{"class":3420},[14,132311,20734,132312,132314],{},[18,132313,17853],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132316,132317,132318,244],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[235,132319,132320,10492],{"href":124546},[18,132321,58349],{},[47,132323,8175,132324,4154,132326],{"id":65152},[18,132325,35829],{},[18,132327,52418],{},[14,132329,1744,132330,4154,132332,132334],{},[18,132331,35829],{},[18,132333,52418],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132336,132337],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132339,45798,132340,824],{},[18,132341,35829],{},[52,132343,132345],{"className":54,"code":132344,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[18,132346,132347,132359,132363,132387,132415],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132348,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132350,517],{"class":67},[61,132352,72],{"class":71},[61,132354,522],{"class":190},[61,132356,3847],{"class":194},[61,132358,528],{"class":190},[61,132360,132361],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132362,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,132364,132365,132367,132369,132371,132373,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383,132385],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,132366,130],{"class":129},[61,132368,109],{"class":75},[61,132370,541],{"class":112},[61,132372,244],{"class":75},[61,132374,35602],{"class":112},[61,132376,109],{"class":75},[61,132378,816],{"class":190},[61,132380,235],{"class":194},[61,132382,816],{"class":190},[61,132384,5122],{"class":75},[61,132386,50878],{"class":3420},[61,132388,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,132390,130],{"class":129},[61,132392,109],{"class":75},[61,132394,541],{"class":112},[61,132396,244],{"class":75},[61,132398,35602],{"class":112},[61,132400,109],{"class":75},[61,132402,816],{"class":190},[61,132404,235],{"class":194},[61,132406,816],{"class":190},[61,132408,83],{"class":75},[61,132410,86],{"class":79},[61,132412,5122],{"class":75},[61,132414,50727],{"class":3420},[61,132416,132417,132419,132421,132423,132425,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,132418,130],{"class":129},[61,132420,109],{"class":75},[61,132422,541],{"class":112},[61,132424,244],{"class":75},[61,132426,35602],{"class":112},[61,132428,109],{"class":75},[61,132430,816],{"class":190},[61,132432,235],{"class":194},[61,132434,816],{"class":190},[61,132436,83],{"class":75},[61,132438,693],{"class":79},[61,132440,5122],{"class":75},[61,132442,50511],{"class":3420},[14,132444,19713],{},[26,132446,132447,132454,132460],{},[29,132448,132449,132450,65342,132452],{},"The first search finds the first ",[18,132451,17853],{},[18,132453,80],{},[29,132455,132456,132457,132459],{},"Starting at index ",[18,132458,1821],{}," skips that first match",[29,132461,132456,132462,132464,132465],{},[18,132463,1129],{}," finds the last ",[18,132466,17853],{},[14,132468,45798,132469,824],{},[18,132470,52418],{},[52,132472,132474],{"className":54,"code":132473,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[18,132475,132476,132488,132492],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132477,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132479,517],{"class":67},[61,132481,72],{"class":71},[61,132483,522],{"class":190},[61,132485,3847],{"class":194},[61,132487,528],{"class":190},[61,132489,132490],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132491,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,132493,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514,132516,132518,132520,132522],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,132495,130],{"class":129},[61,132497,109],{"class":75},[61,132499,541],{"class":112},[61,132501,244],{"class":75},[61,132503,35602],{"class":112},[61,132505,109],{"class":75},[61,132507,816],{"class":190},[61,132509,75776],{"class":194},[61,132511,816],{"class":190},[61,132513,83],{"class":75},[61,132515,3591],{"class":79},[61,132517,83],{"class":75},[61,132519,693],{"class":79},[61,132521,5122],{"class":75},[61,132523,51173],{"class":3420},[14,132525,132526],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132528,132529],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[47,132531,43971,132533,132535],{"id":132532},"when-index-causes-an-error",[18,132534,58727],{}," causes an error",[14,132537,132538,132539,52253,132541,244],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[18,132540,58727],{},[18,132542,40461],{},[14,132544,1109],{},[52,132546,132548],{"className":54,"code":132547,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[18,132549,132550,132562],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132551,132552,132554,132556,132558,132560],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132553,517],{"class":67},[61,132555,72],{"class":71},[61,132557,522],{"class":190},[61,132559,1323],{"class":194},[61,132561,528],{"class":190},[61,132563,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576,132578,132580,132582],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132565,130],{"class":129},[61,132567,109],{"class":75},[61,132569,541],{"class":112},[61,132571,244],{"class":75},[61,132573,35602],{"class":112},[61,132575,109],{"class":75},[61,132577,816],{"class":190},[61,132579,21834],{"class":194},[61,132581,816],{"class":190},[61,132583,154],{"class":75},[14,132585,157],{},[52,132587,132589],{"className":54,"code":132588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[18,132590,132591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132592,132593,132595,132597,132600,132602],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132594,40461],{"class":105},[61,132596,824],{"class":75},[61,132598,132599],{"class":67}," substring ",[61,132601,605],{"class":71},[61,132603,65575],{"class":67},[14,132605,53099,132606,126060,132611,132613],{},[235,132607,132608],{"href":129738},[18,132609,132610],{},"str.find()",[18,132612,65600],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132615,132616,132617,4154,132619,824],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[18,132618,29559],{},[18,132620,29590],{},[52,132622,132624],{"className":54,"code":132623,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[18,132625,132626,132638,132642,132648,132671,132681,132689],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132627,132628,132630,132632,132634,132636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132629,517],{"class":67},[61,132631,72],{"class":71},[61,132633,522],{"class":190},[61,132635,1323],{"class":194},[61,132637,528],{"class":190},[61,132639,132640],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132641,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,132643,132644,132646],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,132645,29559],{"class":3634},[61,132647,6152],{"class":75},[61,132649,132650,132653,132655,132657,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,132651,132652],{"class":67},"    position ",[61,132654,72],{"class":71},[61,132656,42599],{"class":67},[61,132658,244],{"class":75},[61,132660,35602],{"class":112},[61,132662,109],{"class":75},[61,132664,816],{"class":190},[61,132666,21834],{"class":194},[61,132668,816],{"class":190},[61,132670,116],{"class":75},[61,132672,132673,132675,132677,132679],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,132674,7827],{"class":129},[61,132676,109],{"class":75},[61,132678,64692],{"class":112},[61,132680,116],{"class":75},[61,132682,132683,132685,132687],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,132684,29590],{"class":3634},[61,132686,41683],{"class":105},[61,132688,6152],{"class":75},[61,132690,132691,132693,132695,132697,132700,132702],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,132692,7827],{"class":129},[61,132694,109],{"class":75},[61,132696,816],{"class":190},[61,132698,132699],{"class":194},"Substring not found",[61,132701,816],{"class":190},[61,132703,116],{"class":75},[14,132705,132706],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132708,41703,132709,244],{},[235,132710,25436,132712],{"href":132711},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[18,132713,129065],{},[47,132715,132717,10337,132719],{"id":132716},"index-vs-find",[18,132718,58727],{},[18,132720,124091],{},[14,132722,132723,4154,132725,132727],{},[18,132724,58727],{},[18,132726,124091],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[408,132729,132730],{"id":35602},[18,132731,58727],{},[26,132733,132734,132737],{},[29,132735,132736],{},"Returns the first match position",[29,132738,132739],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[52,132741,132743],{"className":54,"code":132742,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,132744,132745,132757,132781],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132746,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132748,517],{"class":67},[61,132750,72],{"class":71},[61,132752,522],{"class":190},[61,132754,1323],{"class":194},[61,132756,528],{"class":190},[61,132758,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777,132779],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132760,130],{"class":129},[61,132762,109],{"class":75},[61,132764,541],{"class":112},[61,132766,244],{"class":75},[61,132768,35602],{"class":112},[61,132770,109],{"class":75},[61,132772,816],{"class":190},[61,132774,1353],{"class":194},[61,132776,816],{"class":190},[61,132778,5122],{"class":75},[61,132780,27536],{"class":3420},[61,132782,132783],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,132784,132785],{"class":3420},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[408,132787,132788],{"id":128119},[18,132789,124091],{},[26,132791,132792,132794],{},[29,132793,132736],{},[29,132795,11177,132796,132798],{},[18,132797,65600],{}," if nothing is found",[52,132800,132802],{"className":54,"code":132801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[18,132803,132804,132816,132840],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132805,132806,132808,132810,132812,132814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132807,517],{"class":67},[61,132809,72],{"class":71},[61,132811,522],{"class":190},[61,132813,1323],{"class":194},[61,132815,528],{"class":190},[61,132817,132818,132820,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132819,130],{"class":129},[61,132821,109],{"class":75},[61,132823,541],{"class":112},[61,132825,244],{"class":75},[61,132827,128119],{"class":112},[61,132829,109],{"class":75},[61,132831,816],{"class":190},[61,132833,1353],{"class":194},[61,132835,816],{"class":190},[61,132837,5122],{"class":75},[61,132839,27536],{"class":3420},[61,132841,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,132843,130],{"class":129},[61,132845,109],{"class":75},[61,132847,541],{"class":112},[61,132849,244],{"class":75},[61,132851,128119],{"class":112},[61,132853,109],{"class":75},[61,132855,816],{"class":190},[61,132857,21834],{"class":194},[61,132859,816],{"class":190},[61,132861,5122],{"class":75},[61,132863,128475],{"class":3420},[14,132865,204,132866,132868],{},[18,132867,58727],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,132870,204,132871,132873],{},[18,132872,124091],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,132875,132876,132877,2638,132882,244],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[235,132878,132879,132881],{"href":129738},[18,132880,132610],{}," method reference",[235,132883,127130],{"href":132884},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[47,132886,2590],{"id":2589},[14,132888,132889,132890,824],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[18,132891,58727],{},[26,132893,132894,132897,132904,132909,132914],{},[29,132895,132896],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[29,132898,8211,132899,8214,132901,132903],{},[18,132900,58727],{},[18,132902,65600],{}," when no match exists",[29,132905,8175,132906,132908],{},[18,132907,58727],{}," on a value that may not be present",[29,132910,132911,132912],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[18,132913,80],{},[29,132915,4341,132916,132918],{},[18,132917,58727],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,132920,62048],{},[52,132922,132924],{"className":54,"code":132923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[18,132925,132926,132936,132950,132972,132994],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132927,132928,132930,132932,132934],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132929,130],{"class":129},[61,132931,109],{"class":75},[61,132933,541],{"class":112},[61,132935,116],{"class":75},[61,132937,132938,132940,132942,132944,132946,132948],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,132939,130],{"class":129},[61,132941,109],{"class":75},[61,132943,41536],{"class":129},[61,132945,109],{"class":75},[61,132947,541],{"class":112},[61,132949,154],{"class":75},[61,132951,132952,132954,132956,132958,132960,132962,132964,132966,132968,132970],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,132953,130],{"class":129},[61,132955,109],{"class":75},[61,132957,541],{"class":112},[61,132959,244],{"class":75},[61,132961,35602],{"class":112},[61,132963,109],{"class":75},[61,132965,816],{"class":190},[61,132967,1605],{"class":194},[61,132969,816],{"class":190},[61,132971,154],{"class":75},[61,132973,132974,132976,132978,132980,132982,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,132975,130],{"class":129},[61,132977,109],{"class":75},[61,132979,541],{"class":112},[61,132981,244],{"class":75},[61,132983,128119],{"class":112},[61,132985,109],{"class":75},[61,132987,816],{"class":190},[61,132989,1605],{"class":194},[61,132991,816],{"class":190},[61,132993,154],{"class":75},[61,132995,132996,132998,133000,133002,133004,133006,133008,133010,133012,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,132997,130],{"class":129},[61,132999,109],{"class":75},[61,133001,541],{"class":112},[61,133003,244],{"class":75},[61,133005,35602],{"class":112},[61,133007,109],{"class":75},[61,133009,816],{"class":190},[61,133011,1605],{"class":194},[61,133013,816],{"class":190},[61,133015,83],{"class":75},[61,133017,35808],{"class":112},[61,133019,83],{"class":75},[61,133021,64786],{"class":112},[61,133023,154],{"class":75},[14,133025,133026],{},"Tips:",[26,133028,133029,133034,133039,133042],{},[29,133030,204,133031,133033],{},[18,133032,126016],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[29,133035,204,133036,133038],{},[18,133037,124091],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[29,133040,133041],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[29,133043,133044,133045],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[18,133046,675],{},[47,133048,1620],{"id":1619},[408,133050,129598,133052,12471],{"id":133051},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[18,133053,58727],{},[14,133055,133056],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[408,133058,133060],{"id":133059},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133062,76604,133063,244],{},[18,133064,40461],{},[408,133066,4943,133068,4154,133070,2251],{"id":133067},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[18,133069,58727],{},[18,133071,124091],{},[14,133073,133074,133076,133077,2158,133079,6391],{},[18,133075,58727],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[18,133078,124091],{},[18,133080,65600],{},[408,133082,4933,133084,133086],{"id":133083},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[18,133085,58727],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133088,133089],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[408,133091,133093,133094,124432],{"id":133092},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[18,133095,58727],{},[14,133097,129623],{},[47,133099,1664],{"id":1663},[26,133101,133102,133108,133112,133117,133123],{},[29,133103,133104],{},[235,133105,133106,10492],{"href":129738},[18,133107,132610],{},[29,133109,133110],{},[235,133111,124495],{"href":132884},[29,133113,133114],{},[235,133115,129699],{"href":133116},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[29,133118,133119],{},[235,133120,133121,10492],{"href":124546},[18,133122,58349],{},[29,133124,133125],{},[235,133126,30102,133127],{"href":132711},[18,133128,129065],{},[1693,133130,133131],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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an error",{"id":132716,"depth":97,"text":133143,"children":133144},"index() vs find()",[133145,133146],{"id":35602,"depth":119,"text":58727},{"id":128119,"depth":119,"text":124091},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":133149},[133150,133152,133153,133155,133157],{"id":133051,"depth":119,"text":133151},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133059,"depth":119,"text":133060},{"id":133067,"depth":119,"text":133154},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133083,"depth":119,"text":133156},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133092,"depth":119,"text":133158},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131679,"description":133160},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133167,"title":133168,"body":133169,"description":135944,"extension":1727,"meta":135945,"navigation":122,"path":135946,"seo":135947,"stem":135948,"__hash__":135949},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133170,"toc":135880},[133171,133177,133182,133185,133188,133199,133201,133270,133272,133286,133291,133296,133301,133303,133346,133348,133431,133433,133479,133485,133487,133489,133509,133511,133534,133536,133610,133612,133631,133636,133638,133642,133714,133716,133730,133734,133810,133812,133831,133835,133929,133931,133940,133947,134023,134025,134043,134047,134050,134057,134106,134108,134117,134124,134183,134185,134203,134206,134213,134272,134274,134292,134299,134356,134358,134367,134371,134376,134380,134439,134441,134459,134463,134510,134515,134518,134587,134589,134606,134613,134619,134674,134679,134682,134759,134761,134779,134785,134791,134851,134853,134872,134878,134881,134888,134941,134946,134948,135009,135018,135025,135027,135084,135089,135091,135162,135166,135221,135223,135232,135237,135243,135312,135314,135346,135352,135360,135367,135373,135438,135440,135449,135455,135536,135538,135547,135552,135566,135573,135577,135582,135610,135612,135745,135748,135785,135787,135793,135802,135807,135810,135815,135820,135826,135829,135838,135841,135843,135872,135877],[10,133172,123096,133174,11075],{"id":133173},"python-string-join-method",[18,133175,133176],{},"join()",[14,133178,123101,133179,133181],{},[18,133180,133176],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133183,133184],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133186,133187],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[26,133189,133190,133196],{},[29,133191,133192,133193,133195],{},"You call ",[18,133194,133176],{}," on the separator string",[29,133197,133198],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[47,133200,3366],{"id":3365},[52,133202,133204],{"className":54,"code":133203,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[18,133205,133206,133239,133260],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133207,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220,133222,133224,133226,133228,133230,133232,133235,133237],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133209,3829],{"class":67},[61,133211,72],{"class":71},[61,133213,76],{"class":75},[61,133215,816],{"class":190},[61,133217,7057],{"class":194},[61,133219,816],{"class":190},[61,133221,83],{"class":75},[61,133223,522],{"class":190},[61,133225,11948],{"class":194},[61,133227,816],{"class":190},[61,133229,83],{"class":75},[61,133231,522],{"class":190},[61,133233,133234],{"class":194},"fun",[61,133236,816],{"class":190},[61,133238,94],{"class":75},[61,133240,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133254,133256,133258],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133242,100],{"class":67},[61,133244,72],{"class":71},[61,133246,522],{"class":190},[61,133248,522],{"class":190},[61,133250,244],{"class":75},[61,133252,133253],{"class":112},"join",[61,133255,109],{"class":75},[61,133257,3873],{"class":112},[61,133259,116],{"class":75},[61,133261,133262,133264,133266,133268],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,133263,130],{"class":129},[61,133265,109],{"class":75},[61,133267,135],{"class":112},[61,133269,116],{"class":75},[14,133271,157],{},[52,133273,133275],{"className":54,"code":133274,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python is fun\n",[18,133276,133277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133278,133279,133281,133283],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133280,3332],{"class":67},[61,133282,11948],{"class":71},[61,133284,133285],{"class":67}," fun\n",[14,133287,204,133288,133290],{},[18,133289,133176],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[47,133292,3435,133294,3438],{"id":133293},"what-join-does",[18,133295,133176],{},[14,133297,133298,133300],{},[18,133299,133176],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133302,277],{},[26,133304,133305,133312,133340,133343],{},[29,133306,133307,133308,133311],{},"It uses the string before ",[18,133309,133310],{},".join()"," as the separator",[29,133313,133314,133315],{},"Common separators are:\n",[26,133316,133317,133323,133329,133335],{},[29,133318,133319,133322],{},[18,133320,133321],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[29,133324,133325,133328],{},[18,133326,133327],{},"\", \""," for commas",[29,133330,133331,133334],{},[18,133332,133333],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[29,133336,133337,133339],{},[18,133338,6031],{}," for no separator",[29,133341,133342],{},"It returns a new string",[29,133344,133345],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133347,1109],{},[52,133349,133351],{"className":54,"code":133350,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[18,133352,133353,133385,133407,133411,133421],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133354,133355,133357,133359,133361,133363,133365,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379,133381,133383],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133356,3829],{"class":67},[61,133358,72],{"class":71},[61,133360,76],{"class":75},[61,133362,816],{"class":190},[61,133364,12848],{"class":194},[61,133366,816],{"class":190},[61,133368,83],{"class":75},[61,133370,522],{"class":190},[61,133372,17212],{"class":194},[61,133374,816],{"class":190},[61,133376,83],{"class":75},[61,133378,522],{"class":190},[61,133380,12865],{"class":194},[61,133382,816],{"class":190},[61,133384,94],{"class":75},[61,133386,133387,133389,133391,133393,133395,133397,133399,133401,133403,133405],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133388,100],{"class":67},[61,133390,72],{"class":71},[61,133392,522],{"class":190},[61,133394,1951],{"class":194},[61,133396,816],{"class":190},[61,133398,244],{"class":75},[61,133400,133253],{"class":112},[61,133402,109],{"class":75},[61,133404,3873],{"class":112},[61,133406,116],{"class":75},[61,133408,133409],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,133410,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,133412,133413,133415,133417,133419],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,133414,130],{"class":129},[61,133416,109],{"class":75},[61,133418,135],{"class":112},[61,133420,116],{"class":75},[61,133422,133423,133425,133427,133429],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,133424,130],{"class":129},[61,133426,109],{"class":75},[61,133428,3873],{"class":112},[61,133430,116],{"class":75},[14,133432,157],{},[52,133434,133436],{"className":54,"code":133435,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[18,133437,133438,133451],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133439,133440,133442,133444,133447,133449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133441,12848],{"class":67},[61,133443,83],{"class":75},[61,133445,133446],{"class":67}," green",[61,133448,83],{"class":75},[61,133450,35637],{"class":67},[61,133452,133453,133455,133457,133459,133461,133463,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475,133477],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133454,3658],{"class":75},[61,133456,198],{"class":190},[61,133458,12848],{"class":194},[61,133460,198],{"class":190},[61,133462,83],{"class":75},[61,133464,191],{"class":190},[61,133466,17212],{"class":194},[61,133468,198],{"class":190},[61,133470,83],{"class":75},[61,133472,191],{"class":190},[61,133474,12865],{"class":194},[61,133476,198],{"class":190},[61,133478,94],{"class":75},[14,133480,133481,133482,133484],{},"The list stays the same. ",[18,133483,133176],{}," creates a new string.",[47,133486,248],{"id":247},[14,133488,6979],{},[52,133490,133492],{"className":54,"code":133491,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[18,133493,133494],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133495,133496,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133497,133498],{"class":67},"separator",[61,133500,244],{"class":75},[61,133502,133253],{"class":112},[61,133504,109],{"class":75},[61,133506,272],{"class":112},[61,133508,116],{"class":75},[408,133510,48767],{"id":48766},[26,133512,133513,133526,133531],{},[29,133514,133515,133517,133518,1951,133520,1951,133522,1955,133524],{},[18,133516,133498],{}," is a string such as ",[18,133519,133321],{},[18,133521,133327],{},[18,133523,133333],{},[18,133525,6031],{},[29,133527,133528,133530],{},[18,133529,272],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[29,133532,133533],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133535,1109],{},[52,133537,133539],{"className":54,"code":133538,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133540,133541,133573,133596,133600],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133542,133543,133545,133547,133549,133551,133553,133555,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565,133567,133569,133571],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133544,4757],{"class":67},[61,133546,72],{"class":71},[61,133548,76],{"class":75},[61,133550,816],{"class":190},[61,133552,829],{"class":194},[61,133554,816],{"class":190},[61,133556,83],{"class":75},[61,133558,522],{"class":190},[61,133560,35697],{"class":194},[61,133562,816],{"class":190},[61,133564,83],{"class":75},[61,133566,522],{"class":190},[61,133568,35706],{"class":194},[61,133570,816],{"class":190},[61,133572,94],{"class":75},[61,133574,133575,133577,133579,133581,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133576,100],{"class":67},[61,133578,72],{"class":71},[61,133580,522],{"class":190},[61,133582,133583],{"class":194}," | ",[61,133585,816],{"class":190},[61,133587,244],{"class":75},[61,133589,133253],{"class":112},[61,133591,109],{"class":75},[61,133593,4801],{"class":112},[61,133595,116],{"class":75},[61,133597,133598],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,133599,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,133601,133602,133604,133606,133608],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,133603,130],{"class":129},[61,133605,109],{"class":75},[61,133607,135],{"class":112},[61,133609,116],{"class":75},[14,133611,157],{},[52,133613,133615],{"className":54,"code":133614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[18,133616,133617],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133618,133619,133622,133624,133627,133629],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133620,133621],{"class":67},"Ana ",[61,133623,113606],{"class":71},[61,133625,133626],{"class":67}," Ben ",[61,133628,113606],{"class":71},[61,133630,35778],{"class":67},[14,133632,133633,133634,244],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[235,133635,124849],{"href":50733},[47,133637,121627],{"id":121626},[408,133639,133641],{"id":133640},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[52,133643,133645],{"className":54,"code":133644,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133646,133647,133680,133700,133704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133648,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669,133671,133673,133676,133678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133650,3829],{"class":67},[61,133652,72],{"class":71},[61,133654,76],{"class":75},[61,133656,816],{"class":190},[61,133658,7057],{"class":194},[61,133660,816],{"class":190},[61,133662,83],{"class":75},[61,133664,522],{"class":190},[61,133666,11948],{"class":194},[61,133668,816],{"class":190},[61,133670,83],{"class":75},[61,133672,522],{"class":190},[61,133674,133675],{"class":194},"easy",[61,133677,816],{"class":190},[61,133679,94],{"class":75},[61,133681,133682,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133683,100],{"class":67},[61,133685,72],{"class":71},[61,133687,522],{"class":190},[61,133689,522],{"class":190},[61,133691,244],{"class":75},[61,133693,133253],{"class":112},[61,133695,109],{"class":75},[61,133697,3873],{"class":112},[61,133699,116],{"class":75},[61,133701,133702],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,133703,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,133705,133706,133708,133710,133712],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,133707,130],{"class":129},[61,133709,109],{"class":75},[61,133711,135],{"class":112},[61,133713,116],{"class":75},[14,133715,157],{},[52,133717,133719],{"className":54,"code":133718,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python is easy\n",[18,133720,133721],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133722,133723,133725,133727],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133724,3332],{"class":67},[61,133726,11948],{"class":71},[61,133728,133729],{"class":67}," easy\n",[408,133731,133733],{"id":133732},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[52,133735,133737],{"className":54,"code":133736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133738,133739,133774,133796,133800],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133740,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749,133752,133754,133756,133758,133761,133763,133765,133767,133770,133772],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133742,7539],{"class":67},[61,133744,72],{"class":71},[61,133746,76],{"class":75},[61,133748,816],{"class":190},[61,133750,133751],{"class":194},"apples",[61,133753,816],{"class":190},[61,133755,83],{"class":75},[61,133757,522],{"class":190},[61,133759,133760],{"class":194},"bananas",[61,133762,816],{"class":190},[61,133764,83],{"class":75},[61,133766,522],{"class":190},[61,133768,133769],{"class":194},"oranges",[61,133771,816],{"class":190},[61,133773,94],{"class":75},[61,133775,133776,133778,133780,133782,133784,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133777,100],{"class":67},[61,133779,72],{"class":71},[61,133781,522],{"class":190},[61,133783,1951],{"class":194},[61,133785,816],{"class":190},[61,133787,244],{"class":75},[61,133789,133253],{"class":112},[61,133791,109],{"class":75},[61,133793,993],{"class":112},[61,133795,116],{"class":75},[61,133797,133798],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,133799,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,133801,133802,133804,133806,133808],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,133803,130],{"class":129},[61,133805,109],{"class":75},[61,133807,135],{"class":112},[61,133809,116],{"class":75},[14,133811,157],{},[52,133813,133815],{"className":54,"code":133814,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[18,133816,133817],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133818,133819,133821,133823,133826,133828],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133820,133751],{"class":67},[61,133822,83],{"class":75},[61,133824,133825],{"class":67}," bananas",[61,133827,83],{"class":75},[61,133829,133830],{"class":67}," oranges\n",[408,133832,133834],{"id":133833},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[52,133836,133838],{"className":54,"code":133837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133839,133840,133897,133915,133919],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133841,133842,133844,133846,133848,133850,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891,133893,133895],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133843,35847],{"class":67},[61,133845,72],{"class":71},[61,133847,76],{"class":75},[61,133849,816],{"class":190},[61,133851,133852],{"class":194},"P",[61,133854,816],{"class":190},[61,133856,83],{"class":75},[61,133858,522],{"class":190},[61,133860,11499],{"class":194},[61,133862,816],{"class":190},[61,133864,83],{"class":75},[61,133866,522],{"class":190},[61,133868,590],{"class":194},[61,133870,816],{"class":190},[61,133872,83],{"class":75},[61,133874,522],{"class":190},[61,133876,1344],{"class":194},[61,133878,816],{"class":190},[61,133880,83],{"class":75},[61,133882,522],{"class":190},[61,133884,1379],{"class":194},[61,133886,816],{"class":190},[61,133888,83],{"class":75},[61,133890,522],{"class":190},[61,133892,75776],{"class":194},[61,133894,816],{"class":190},[61,133896,94],{"class":75},[61,133898,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133900,100],{"class":67},[61,133902,72],{"class":71},[61,133904,5885],{"class":190},[61,133906,244],{"class":75},[61,133908,133253],{"class":112},[61,133910,109],{"class":75},[61,133912,35900],{"class":112},[61,133914,116],{"class":75},[61,133916,133917],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,133918,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,133920,133921,133923,133925,133927],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,133922,130],{"class":129},[61,133924,109],{"class":75},[61,133926,135],{"class":112},[61,133928,116],{"class":75},[14,133930,157],{},[52,133932,133934],{"className":54,"code":133933,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python\n",[18,133935,133936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133937,133938],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133939,133933],{"class":67},[408,133941,133943,133944,133946],{"id":133942},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[18,133945,133176],{}," returns the result",[52,133948,133950],{"className":54,"code":133949,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[18,133951,133952,133985,134008,134012],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133953,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133981,133983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133955,3829],{"class":67},[61,133957,72],{"class":71},[61,133959,76],{"class":75},[61,133961,816],{"class":190},[61,133963,6345],{"class":194},[61,133965,816],{"class":190},[61,133967,83],{"class":75},[61,133969,522],{"class":190},[61,133971,79017],{"class":194},[61,133973,816],{"class":190},[61,133975,83],{"class":75},[61,133977,522],{"class":190},[61,133979,133980],{"class":194},"three",[61,133982,816],{"class":190},[61,133984,94],{"class":75},[61,133986,133987,133990,133992,133994,133996,133998,134000,134002,134004,134006],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,133988,133989],{"class":67},"joined_text ",[61,133991,72],{"class":71},[61,133993,522],{"class":190},[61,133995,1786],{"class":194},[61,133997,816],{"class":190},[61,133999,244],{"class":75},[61,134001,133253],{"class":112},[61,134003,109],{"class":75},[61,134005,3873],{"class":112},[61,134007,116],{"class":75},[61,134009,134010],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,134011,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,134013,134014,134016,134018,134021],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,134015,130],{"class":129},[61,134017,109],{"class":75},[61,134019,134020],{"class":112},"joined_text",[61,134022,116],{"class":75},[14,134024,157],{},[52,134026,134028],{"className":54,"code":134027,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"one-two-three\n",[18,134029,134030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134031,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134033,6345],{"class":67},[61,134035,1786],{"class":71},[61,134037,79017],{"class":67},[61,134039,1786],{"class":71},[61,134041,134042],{"class":67},"three\n",[47,134044,134046],{"id":134045},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134048,134049],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[408,134051,134053,134056],{"id":134052},"join-adds-spaces",[18,134054,134055],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[52,134058,134060],{"className":54,"code":134059,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[18,134061,134062,134086],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134063,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134065,3829],{"class":67},[61,134067,72],{"class":71},[61,134069,76],{"class":75},[61,134071,816],{"class":190},[61,134073,1323],{"class":194},[61,134075,816],{"class":190},[61,134077,83],{"class":75},[61,134079,522],{"class":190},[61,134081,60345],{"class":194},[61,134083,816],{"class":190},[61,134085,94],{"class":75},[61,134087,134088,134090,134092,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134089,130],{"class":129},[61,134091,109],{"class":75},[61,134093,816],{"class":190},[61,134095,522],{"class":190},[61,134097,244],{"class":75},[61,134099,133253],{"class":112},[61,134101,109],{"class":75},[61,134103,3873],{"class":112},[61,134105,154],{"class":75},[14,134107,157],{},[52,134109,134111],{"className":54,"code":134110,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello world\n",[18,134112,134113],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134114,134115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134116,134110],{"class":67},[408,134118,134120,134123],{"id":134119},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[18,134121,134122],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[52,134125,134127],{"className":54,"code":134126,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[18,134128,134129,134161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134130,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134132,12831],{"class":67},[61,134134,72],{"class":71},[61,134136,76],{"class":75},[61,134138,816],{"class":190},[61,134140,12848],{"class":194},[61,134142,816],{"class":190},[61,134144,83],{"class":75},[61,134146,522],{"class":190},[61,134148,12865],{"class":194},[61,134150,816],{"class":190},[61,134152,83],{"class":75},[61,134154,522],{"class":190},[61,134156,17212],{"class":194},[61,134158,816],{"class":190},[61,134160,94],{"class":75},[61,134162,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134164,130],{"class":129},[61,134166,109],{"class":75},[61,134168,816],{"class":190},[61,134170,1951],{"class":194},[61,134172,816],{"class":190},[61,134174,244],{"class":75},[61,134176,133253],{"class":112},[61,134178,109],{"class":75},[61,134180,17259],{"class":112},[61,134182,154],{"class":75},[14,134184,157],{},[52,134186,134188],{"className":54,"code":134187,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red, blue, green\n",[18,134189,134190],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134191,134192,134194,134196,134199,134201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134193,12848],{"class":67},[61,134195,83],{"class":75},[61,134197,134198],{"class":67}," blue",[61,134200,83],{"class":75},[61,134202,35630],{"class":67},[14,134204,134205],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[408,134207,134209,134212],{"id":134208},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[18,134210,134211],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[52,134214,134216],{"className":54,"code":134215,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[18,134217,134218,134250],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134219,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134221,42594],{"class":67},[61,134223,72],{"class":71},[61,134225,76],{"class":75},[61,134227,816],{"class":190},[61,134229,56],{"class":194},[61,134231,816],{"class":190},[61,134233,83],{"class":75},[61,134235,522],{"class":190},[61,134237,60928],{"class":194},[61,134239,816],{"class":190},[61,134241,83],{"class":75},[61,134243,522],{"class":190},[61,134245,133253],{"class":194},[61,134247,816],{"class":190},[61,134249,94],{"class":75},[61,134251,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134253,130],{"class":129},[61,134255,109],{"class":75},[61,134257,816],{"class":190},[61,134259,1786],{"class":194},[61,134261,816],{"class":190},[61,134263,244],{"class":75},[61,134265,133253],{"class":112},[61,134267,109],{"class":75},[61,134269,42626],{"class":112},[61,134271,154],{"class":75},[14,134273,157],{},[52,134275,134277],{"className":54,"code":134276,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"python-string-join\n",[18,134278,134279],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134280,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134282,56],{"class":67},[61,134284,1786],{"class":71},[61,134286,60928],{"class":67},[61,134288,1786],{"class":71},[61,134290,134291],{"class":67},"join\n",[408,134293,134295,134298],{"id":134294},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[18,134296,134297],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[52,134300,134302],{"className":54,"code":134301,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[18,134303,134304,134337],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134305,134306,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134333,134335],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134307,112678],{"class":67},[61,134309,72],{"class":71},[61,134311,76],{"class":75},[61,134313,816],{"class":190},[61,134315,22002],{"class":194},[61,134317,816],{"class":190},[61,134319,83],{"class":75},[61,134321,522],{"class":190},[61,134323,30355],{"class":194},[61,134325,816],{"class":190},[61,134327,83],{"class":75},[61,134329,522],{"class":190},[61,134331,134332],{"class":194},"C",[61,134334,816],{"class":190},[61,134336,94],{"class":75},[61,134338,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134354],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134340,130],{"class":129},[61,134342,109],{"class":75},[61,134344,6031],{"class":190},[61,134346,244],{"class":75},[61,134348,133253],{"class":112},[61,134350,109],{"class":75},[61,134352,134353],{"class":112},"chars",[61,134355,154],{"class":75},[14,134357,157],{},[52,134359,134361],{"className":54,"code":134360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ABC\n",[18,134362,134363],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134364,134365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134366,134360],{"class":34209},[47,134368,134370],{"id":134369},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134372,134373,134375],{},[18,134374,133176],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[408,134377,134379],{"id":134378},"this-works","This works",[52,134381,134383],{"className":54,"code":134382,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134384,134385,134417],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134386,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134388,712],{"class":67},[61,134390,72],{"class":71},[61,134392,76],{"class":75},[61,134394,816],{"class":190},[61,134396,430],{"class":194},[61,134398,816],{"class":190},[61,134400,83],{"class":75},[61,134402,522],{"class":190},[61,134404,15510],{"class":194},[61,134406,816],{"class":190},[61,134408,83],{"class":75},[61,134410,522],{"class":190},[61,134412,36598],{"class":194},[61,134414,816],{"class":190},[61,134416,94],{"class":75},[61,134418,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134420,130],{"class":129},[61,134422,109],{"class":75},[61,134424,816],{"class":190},[61,134426,1951],{"class":194},[61,134428,816],{"class":190},[61,134430,244],{"class":75},[61,134432,133253],{"class":112},[61,134434,109],{"class":75},[61,134436,743],{"class":112},[61,134438,154],{"class":75},[14,134440,157],{},[52,134442,134444],{"className":54,"code":134443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10, 20, 30\n",[18,134445,134446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134447,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134449,430],{"class":79},[61,134451,83],{"class":75},[61,134453,435],{"class":79},[61,134455,83],{"class":75},[61,134457,134458],{"class":79}," 30\n",[408,134460,134462],{"id":134461},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[52,134464,134466],{"className":54,"code":134465,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134467,134468,134488],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134469,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134471,712],{"class":67},[61,134473,72],{"class":71},[61,134475,76],{"class":75},[61,134477,80],{"class":79},[61,134479,83],{"class":75},[61,134481,86],{"class":79},[61,134483,83],{"class":75},[61,134485,91],{"class":79},[61,134487,94],{"class":75},[61,134489,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134491,130],{"class":129},[61,134493,109],{"class":75},[61,134495,816],{"class":190},[61,134497,1951],{"class":194},[61,134499,816],{"class":190},[61,134501,244],{"class":75},[61,134503,133253],{"class":112},[61,134505,109],{"class":75},[61,134507,743],{"class":112},[61,134509,154],{"class":75},[14,134511,90056,134512,134514],{},[18,134513,1272],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134516,134517],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[52,134519,134521],{"className":54,"code":134520,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134522,134523,134543,134573,134577],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134524,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134526,712],{"class":67},[61,134528,72],{"class":71},[61,134530,76],{"class":75},[61,134532,80],{"class":79},[61,134534,83],{"class":75},[61,134536,86],{"class":79},[61,134538,83],{"class":75},[61,134540,91],{"class":79},[61,134542,94],{"class":75},[61,134544,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134546,100],{"class":67},[61,134548,72],{"class":71},[61,134550,522],{"class":190},[61,134552,1951],{"class":194},[61,134554,816],{"class":190},[61,134556,244],{"class":75},[61,134558,133253],{"class":112},[61,134560,109],{"class":75},[61,134562,39616],{"class":129},[61,134564,109],{"class":75},[61,134566,3199],{"class":105},[61,134568,83],{"class":75},[61,134570,3644],{"class":112},[61,134572,154],{"class":75},[61,134574,134575],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,134576,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,134578,134579,134581,134583,134585],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,134580,130],{"class":129},[61,134582,109],{"class":75},[61,134584,135],{"class":112},[61,134586,116],{"class":75},[14,134588,157],{},[52,134590,134592],{"className":54,"code":134591,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1, 2, 3\n",[18,134593,134594],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134595,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134597,80],{"class":79},[61,134599,83],{"class":75},[61,134601,86],{"class":79},[61,134603,83],{"class":75},[61,134605,2336],{"class":79},[14,134607,134608,134609,244],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[235,134610,3332,134611,3265],{"href":41932},[18,134612,47442],{},[408,134614,134616,134618],{"id":134615},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[18,134617,3536],{}," values do not work directly",[52,134620,134622],{"className":54,"code":134621,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134623,134624,134652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134625,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134627,712],{"class":67},[61,134629,72],{"class":71},[61,134631,76],{"class":75},[61,134633,816],{"class":190},[61,134635,3838],{"class":194},[61,134637,816],{"class":190},[61,134639,83],{"class":75},[61,134641,3610],{"class":3609},[61,134643,83],{"class":75},[61,134645,522],{"class":190},[61,134647,3847],{"class":194},[61,134649,816],{"class":190},[61,134651,94],{"class":75},[61,134653,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134655,130],{"class":129},[61,134657,109],{"class":75},[61,134659,816],{"class":190},[61,134661,1951],{"class":194},[61,134663,816],{"class":190},[61,134665,244],{"class":75},[61,134667,133253],{"class":112},[61,134669,109],{"class":75},[61,134671,743],{"class":112},[61,134673,154],{"class":75},[14,134675,134676,134677,244],{},"This also causes a ",[18,134678,1272],{},[14,134680,134681],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[52,134683,134685],{"className":54,"code":134684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134686,134687,134715,134745,134749],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134688,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134690,712],{"class":67},[61,134692,72],{"class":71},[61,134694,76],{"class":75},[61,134696,816],{"class":190},[61,134698,3838],{"class":194},[61,134700,816],{"class":190},[61,134702,83],{"class":75},[61,134704,3610],{"class":3609},[61,134706,83],{"class":75},[61,134708,522],{"class":190},[61,134710,3847],{"class":194},[61,134712,816],{"class":190},[61,134714,94],{"class":75},[61,134716,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134718,100],{"class":67},[61,134720,72],{"class":71},[61,134722,522],{"class":190},[61,134724,1951],{"class":194},[61,134726,816],{"class":190},[61,134728,244],{"class":75},[61,134730,133253],{"class":112},[61,134732,109],{"class":75},[61,134734,39616],{"class":129},[61,134736,109],{"class":75},[61,134738,3199],{"class":105},[61,134740,83],{"class":75},[61,134742,3644],{"class":112},[61,134744,154],{"class":75},[61,134746,134747],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,134748,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,134750,134751,134753,134755,134757],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,134752,130],{"class":129},[61,134754,109],{"class":75},[61,134756,135],{"class":112},[61,134758,116],{"class":75},[14,134760,157],{},[52,134762,134764],{"className":54,"code":134763,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"apple, None, banana\n",[18,134765,134766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134767,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134769,3838],{"class":67},[61,134771,83],{"class":75},[61,134773,3610],{"class":3609},[61,134775,83],{"class":75},[61,134777,134778],{"class":67}," banana\n",[14,134780,134781,134782,134784],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[18,134783,3536],{}," values instead of converting them.",[408,134786,134788,134790],{"id":134787},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[18,134789,133176],{}," also works with tuples",[52,134792,134794],{"className":54,"code":134793,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[18,134795,134796,134828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134797,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134799,4757],{"class":67},[61,134801,72],{"class":71},[61,134803,1048],{"class":75},[61,134805,816],{"class":190},[61,134807,7436],{"class":194},[61,134809,816],{"class":190},[61,134811,83],{"class":75},[61,134813,522],{"class":190},[61,134815,131182],{"class":194},[61,134817,816],{"class":190},[61,134819,83],{"class":75},[61,134821,522],{"class":190},[61,134823,7679],{"class":194},[61,134825,816],{"class":190},[61,134827,116],{"class":75},[61,134829,134830,134832,134834,134836,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847,134849],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134831,130],{"class":129},[61,134833,109],{"class":75},[61,134835,816],{"class":190},[61,134837,134838],{"class":194}," \u002F ",[61,134840,816],{"class":190},[61,134842,244],{"class":75},[61,134844,133253],{"class":112},[61,134846,109],{"class":75},[61,134848,4801],{"class":112},[61,134850,154],{"class":75},[14,134852,157],{},[52,134854,134856],{"className":54,"code":134855,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[18,134857,134858],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134859,134860,134863,134865,134868,134870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134861,134862],{"class":67},"Sam ",[61,134864,126986],{"class":71},[61,134866,134867],{"class":67}," Lee ",[61,134869,126986],{"class":71},[61,134871,22091],{"class":67},[47,134873,134875,134876],{"id":134874},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[18,134877,133176],{},[14,134879,134880],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[408,134882,134884,134885,134887],{"id":134883},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[18,134886,1272],{}," because not all items are strings",[52,134889,134891],{"className":54,"code":134890,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[18,134892,134893,134921],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134894,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134896,7539],{"class":67},[61,134898,72],{"class":71},[61,134900,76],{"class":75},[61,134902,816],{"class":190},[61,134904,235],{"class":194},[61,134906,816],{"class":190},[61,134908,83],{"class":75},[61,134910,86],{"class":79},[61,134912,83],{"class":75},[61,134914,522],{"class":190},[61,134916,573],{"class":194},[61,134918,816],{"class":190},[61,134920,94],{"class":75},[61,134922,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134924,130],{"class":129},[61,134926,109],{"class":75},[61,134928,816],{"class":190},[61,134930,522],{"class":190},[61,134932,244],{"class":75},[61,134934,133253],{"class":112},[61,134936,109],{"class":75},[61,134938,993],{"class":112},[61,134940,154],{"class":75},[14,134942,48269,134943,134945],{},[18,134944,1821],{}," is an integer.",[14,134947,39018],{},[52,134949,134951],{"className":54,"code":134950,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[18,134952,134953,134981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134954,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134956,7539],{"class":67},[61,134958,72],{"class":71},[61,134960,76],{"class":75},[61,134962,816],{"class":190},[61,134964,235],{"class":194},[61,134966,816],{"class":190},[61,134968,83],{"class":75},[61,134970,86],{"class":79},[61,134972,83],{"class":75},[61,134974,522],{"class":190},[61,134976,573],{"class":194},[61,134978,816],{"class":190},[61,134980,94],{"class":75},[61,134982,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,134984,130],{"class":129},[61,134986,109],{"class":75},[61,134988,816],{"class":190},[61,134990,522],{"class":190},[61,134992,244],{"class":75},[61,134994,133253],{"class":112},[61,134996,109],{"class":75},[61,134998,39616],{"class":129},[61,135000,109],{"class":75},[61,135002,3199],{"class":105},[61,135004,83],{"class":75},[61,135006,5725],{"class":112},[61,135008,2672],{"class":75},[14,135010,135011,135012,244],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[235,135013,25436,135015],{"href":135014},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[18,135016,135017],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[408,135019,135021,135022,135024],{"id":135020},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[18,135023,133176],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135026,4287],{},[52,135028,135030],{"className":54,"code":135029,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[18,135031,135032,135064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135033,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135035,3829],{"class":67},[61,135037,72],{"class":71},[61,135039,76],{"class":75},[61,135041,816],{"class":190},[61,135043,7057],{"class":194},[61,135045,816],{"class":190},[61,135047,83],{"class":75},[61,135049,522],{"class":190},[61,135051,11948],{"class":194},[61,135053,816],{"class":190},[61,135055,83],{"class":75},[61,135057,522],{"class":190},[61,135059,133234],{"class":194},[61,135061,816],{"class":190},[61,135063,94],{"class":75},[61,135065,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135067,100],{"class":67},[61,135069,72],{"class":71},[61,135071,5927],{"class":67},[61,135073,244],{"class":75},[61,135075,133253],{"class":112},[61,135077,109],{"class":75},[61,135079,816],{"class":190},[61,135081,522],{"class":190},[61,135083,116],{"class":75},[14,135085,135086,135088],{},[18,135087,133176],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135090,10559],{},[52,135092,135094],{"className":54,"code":135093,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135095,135096,135128,135148,135152],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135097,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135099,3829],{"class":67},[61,135101,72],{"class":71},[61,135103,76],{"class":75},[61,135105,816],{"class":190},[61,135107,7057],{"class":194},[61,135109,816],{"class":190},[61,135111,83],{"class":75},[61,135113,522],{"class":190},[61,135115,11948],{"class":194},[61,135117,816],{"class":190},[61,135119,83],{"class":75},[61,135121,522],{"class":190},[61,135123,133234],{"class":194},[61,135125,816],{"class":190},[61,135127,94],{"class":75},[61,135129,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135131,100],{"class":67},[61,135133,72],{"class":71},[61,135135,522],{"class":190},[61,135137,522],{"class":190},[61,135139,244],{"class":75},[61,135141,133253],{"class":112},[61,135143,109],{"class":75},[61,135145,3873],{"class":112},[61,135147,116],{"class":75},[61,135149,135150],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,135151,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,135153,135154,135156,135158,135160],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,135155,130],{"class":129},[61,135157,109],{"class":75},[61,135159,135],{"class":112},[61,135161,116],{"class":75},[408,135163,135165],{"id":135164},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[52,135167,135169],{"className":54,"code":135168,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,135170,135171,135203],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135172,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135174,3829],{"class":67},[61,135176,72],{"class":71},[61,135178,76],{"class":75},[61,135180,816],{"class":190},[61,135182,6345],{"class":194},[61,135184,816],{"class":190},[61,135186,83],{"class":75},[61,135188,522],{"class":190},[61,135190,79017],{"class":194},[61,135192,816],{"class":190},[61,135194,83],{"class":75},[61,135196,522],{"class":190},[61,135198,133980],{"class":194},[61,135200,816],{"class":190},[61,135202,94],{"class":75},[61,135204,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135206,130],{"class":129},[61,135208,109],{"class":75},[61,135210,6031],{"class":190},[61,135212,244],{"class":75},[61,135214,133253],{"class":112},[61,135216,109],{"class":75},[61,135218,3873],{"class":112},[61,135220,154],{"class":75},[14,135222,157],{},[52,135224,135226],{"className":54,"code":135225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"onetwothree\n",[18,135227,135228],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135229,135230],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135231,135225],{"class":67},[14,135233,135234,135235,6391],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[18,135236,133321],{},[408,135238,135240,135241,131444],{"id":135239},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[18,135242,133176],{},[52,135244,135246],{"className":54,"code":135245,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,135247,135248,135280,135298,135302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135249,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135251,3829],{"class":67},[61,135253,72],{"class":71},[61,135255,76],{"class":75},[61,135257,816],{"class":190},[61,135259,235],{"class":194},[61,135261,816],{"class":190},[61,135263,83],{"class":75},[61,135265,522],{"class":190},[61,135267,1480],{"class":194},[61,135269,816],{"class":190},[61,135271,83],{"class":75},[61,135273,522],{"class":190},[61,135275,573],{"class":194},[61,135277,816],{"class":190},[61,135279,94],{"class":75},[61,135281,135282,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135283,816],{"class":43086},[61,135285,1786],{"class":43090},[61,135287,816],{"class":43086},[61,135289,244],{"class":75},[61,135291,133253],{"class":112},[61,135293,109],{"class":75},[61,135295,3873],{"class":112},[61,135297,116],{"class":75},[61,135299,135300],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,135301,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,135303,135304,135306,135308,135310],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,135305,130],{"class":129},[61,135307,109],{"class":75},[61,135309,3873],{"class":112},[61,135311,116],{"class":75},[14,135313,157],{},[52,135315,135316],{"className":54,"code":42633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,135317,135318],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135319,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338,135340,135342,135344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135321,3658],{"class":75},[61,135323,198],{"class":190},[61,135325,235],{"class":194},[61,135327,198],{"class":190},[61,135329,83],{"class":75},[61,135331,191],{"class":190},[61,135333,1480],{"class":194},[61,135335,198],{"class":190},[61,135337,83],{"class":75},[61,135339,191],{"class":190},[61,135341,573],{"class":194},[61,135343,198],{"class":190},[61,135345,94],{"class":75},[14,135347,135348,135349,135351],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[18,135350,133176],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[47,135353,135355,135357,135358],{"id":135354},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[18,135356,133176],{}," vs concatenation with ",[18,135359,1824],{},[14,135361,10342,135362,4154,135364,135366],{},[18,135363,133176],{},[18,135365,1824],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[408,135368,204,135370,135372],{"id":135369},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[18,135371,1824],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[52,135374,135376],{"className":54,"code":135375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135377,135378,135391,135404,135424,135428],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135379,135380,135383,135385,135387,135389],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135381,135382],{"class":67},"first ",[61,135384,72],{"class":71},[61,135386,522],{"class":190},[61,135388,34622],{"class":194},[61,135390,528],{"class":190},[61,135392,135393,135396,135398,135400,135402],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135394,135395],{"class":67},"second ",[61,135397,72],{"class":71},[61,135399,522],{"class":190},[61,135401,89485],{"class":194},[61,135403,528],{"class":190},[61,135405,135406,135408,135410,135413,135415,135417,135419,135421],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,135407,100],{"class":67},[61,135409,72],{"class":71},[61,135411,135412],{"class":67}," first ",[61,135414,1824],{"class":71},[61,135416,522],{"class":190},[61,135418,522],{"class":190},[61,135420,2214],{"class":71},[61,135422,135423],{"class":67}," second\n",[61,135425,135426],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,135427,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,135429,135430,135432,135434,135436],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,135431,130],{"class":129},[61,135433,109],{"class":75},[61,135435,135],{"class":112},[61,135437,116],{"class":75},[14,135439,157],{},[52,135441,135443],{"className":54,"code":135442,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello World\n",[18,135444,135445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135446,135447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135448,135442],{"class":67},[408,135450,204,135452,135454],{"id":135451},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[18,135453,133176],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[52,135456,135458],{"className":54,"code":135457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135459,135460,135502,135522,135526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135461,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135481,135483,135485,135487,135490,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135463,3829],{"class":67},[61,135465,72],{"class":71},[61,135467,76],{"class":75},[61,135469,816],{"class":190},[61,135471,7057],{"class":194},[61,135473,816],{"class":190},[61,135475,83],{"class":75},[61,135477,522],{"class":190},[61,135479,135480],{"class":194},"makes",[61,135482,816],{"class":190},[61,135484,83],{"class":75},[61,135486,522],{"class":190},[61,135488,135489],{"class":194},"this",[61,135491,816],{"class":190},[61,135493,83],{"class":75},[61,135495,522],{"class":190},[61,135497,133675],{"class":194},[61,135499,816],{"class":190},[61,135501,94],{"class":75},[61,135503,135504,135506,135508,135510,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135505,100],{"class":67},[61,135507,72],{"class":71},[61,135509,522],{"class":190},[61,135511,522],{"class":190},[61,135513,244],{"class":75},[61,135515,133253],{"class":112},[61,135517,109],{"class":75},[61,135519,3873],{"class":112},[61,135521,116],{"class":75},[61,135523,135524],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,135525,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,135527,135528,135530,135532,135534],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,135529,130],{"class":129},[61,135531,109],{"class":75},[61,135533,135],{"class":112},[61,135535,116],{"class":75},[14,135537,157],{},[52,135539,135541],{"className":54,"code":135540,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python makes this easy\n",[18,135542,135543],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135544,135545],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135546,135540],{"class":67},[14,135548,135549,135551],{},[18,135550,133176],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[26,135553,135554,135557,135560],{},[29,135555,135556],{},"You already have a list of strings",[29,135558,135559],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[29,135561,135562,135563,135565],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[18,135564,1824],{}," operators",[14,135567,135568,135569,244],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[235,135570,135572],{"href":135571},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[47,135574,135576],{"id":135575},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135578,8634,135579,135581],{},[18,135580,133176],{}," is not working, check these first:",[26,135583,135584,135587,135592,135601,135607],{},[29,135585,135586],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[29,135588,135589,135590],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[18,135591,3536],{},[29,135593,135594,135595,10844,135598],{},"You may have written ",[18,135596,135597],{},"list.join(...)",[18,135599,135600],{},"string.join(...)",[29,135602,135603,135604,135606],{},"You may be expecting ",[18,135605,133176],{}," to change the original iterable",[29,135608,135609],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135611,94125],{},[52,135613,135615],{"className":54,"code":135614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[18,135616,135617,135631,135641,135665,135705],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135618,135619,135621,135623,135625,135627,135629],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135620,130],{"class":129},[61,135622,109],{"class":75},[61,135624,147],{"class":105},[61,135626,109],{"class":75},[61,135628,993],{"class":112},[61,135630,154],{"class":75},[61,135632,135633,135635,135637,135639],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,135634,130],{"class":129},[61,135636,109],{"class":75},[61,135638,993],{"class":112},[61,135640,116],{"class":75},[61,135642,135643,135645,135647,135649,135651,135653,135655,135657,135659,135661,135663],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,135644,130],{"class":129},[61,135646,1126],{"class":75},[61,135648,147],{"class":105},[61,135650,109],{"class":75},[61,135652,23068],{"class":112},[61,135654,3417],{"class":75},[61,135656,3635],{"class":3634},[61,135658,5720],{"class":112},[61,135660,3641],{"class":3634},[61,135662,5725],{"class":112},[61,135664,1137],{"class":75},[61,135666,135667,135669,135671,135673,135675,135677,135679,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695,135697,135699,135701,135703],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,135668,130],{"class":129},[61,135670,109],{"class":75},[61,135672,198],{"class":190},[61,135674,191],{"class":190},[61,135676,244],{"class":75},[61,135678,133253],{"class":112},[61,135680,1126],{"class":75},[61,135682,198],{"class":190},[61,135684,235],{"class":194},[61,135686,198],{"class":190},[61,135688,83],{"class":75},[61,135690,191],{"class":190},[61,135692,1480],{"class":194},[61,135694,198],{"class":190},[61,135696,83],{"class":75},[61,135698,191],{"class":190},[61,135700,573],{"class":194},[61,135702,198],{"class":190},[61,135704,2758],{"class":75},[61,135706,135707,135709,135711,135713,135715,135717,135719,135721,135723,135725,135727,135729,135731,135733,135735,135737,135739,135741,135743],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,135708,130],{"class":129},[61,135710,109],{"class":75},[61,135712,198],{"class":190},[61,135714,1951],{"class":194},[61,135716,198],{"class":190},[61,135718,244],{"class":75},[61,135720,133253],{"class":112},[61,135722,109],{"class":75},[61,135724,39616],{"class":129},[61,135726,109],{"class":75},[61,135728,3199],{"class":105},[61,135730,83],{"class":75},[61,135732,76],{"class":75},[61,135734,80],{"class":79},[61,135736,83],{"class":75},[61,135738,86],{"class":79},[61,135740,83],{"class":75},[61,135742,91],{"class":79},[61,135744,37021],{"class":75},[14,135746,135747],{},"What these checks do:",[26,135749,135750,135758,135764,135770,135779],{},[29,135751,135752,135755,135756,1287],{},[18,135753,135754],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[18,135757,993],{},[29,135759,135760,135763],{},[18,135761,135762],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[29,135765,135766,135769],{},[18,135767,135768],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[29,135771,135772,135775,135776,135778],{},[18,135773,135774],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[18,135777,133176],{}," behavior",[29,135780,135781,135784],{},[18,135782,135783],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[47,135786,1620],{"id":1619},[408,135788,12459,135790,135792],{"id":135789},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[18,135791,133176],{}," work with numbers?",[14,135794,135795,135796,135798,135799,244],{},"Not directly. ",[18,135797,133176],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[18,135800,135801],{},"map(str, values)",[408,135803,12459,135805,56922],{"id":135804},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[18,135806,133176],{},[14,135808,135809],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[408,135811,28085,135813,62388],{"id":135812},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[18,135814,133176],{},[14,135816,41909,135817,135819],{},[18,135818,133176],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[408,135821,4905,135823,39717],{"id":135822},"what-does-joinwords-do",[18,135824,135825],{},"''.join(words)",[14,135827,135828],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[408,135830,135832,135833,135835,135836,2251],{"id":135831},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[18,135834,1272],{}," when using ",[18,135837,133176],{},[14,135839,135840],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[47,135842,1664],{"id":1663},[26,135844,135845,135850,135856,135862,135868],{},[29,135846,135847],{},[235,135848,135849],{"href":135571},"How to join strings in Python",[29,135851,135852],{},[235,135853,126094,135854,10492],{"href":128781},[18,135855,60285],{},[29,135857,135858],{},[235,135859,3332,135860,3265],{"href":41932},[18,135861,47442],{},[29,135863,135864],{},[235,135865,30102,135866],{"href":135014},[18,135867,135017],{},[29,135869,135870],{},[235,135871,124849],{"href":50733},[14,135873,97095,135874,135876],{},[18,135875,133176],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1693,135878,135879],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":135881},[135882,135883,135885,135888,135895,135905,135913,135923,135930,135931,135943],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":133293,"depth":97,"text":135884},"What join() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248,"children":135886},[135887],{"id":48766,"depth":119,"text":48767},{"id":121626,"depth":97,"text":121627,"children":135889},[135890,135891,135892,135893],{"id":133640,"depth":119,"text":133641},{"id":133732,"depth":119,"text":133733},{"id":133833,"depth":119,"text":133834},{"id":133942,"depth":119,"text":135894},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134045,"depth":97,"text":134046,"children":135896},[135897,135899,135901,135903],{"id":134052,"depth":119,"text":135898},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134119,"depth":119,"text":135900},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134208,"depth":119,"text":135902},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134294,"depth":119,"text":135904},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134369,"depth":97,"text":134370,"children":135906},[135907,135908,135909,135911],{"id":134378,"depth":119,"text":134379},{"id":134461,"depth":119,"text":134462},{"id":134615,"depth":119,"text":135910},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134787,"depth":119,"text":135912},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134874,"depth":97,"text":135914,"children":135915},"Common errors with join()",[135916,135918,135920,135921],{"id":134883,"depth":119,"text":135917},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135020,"depth":119,"text":135919},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135164,"depth":119,"text":135165},{"id":135239,"depth":119,"text":135922},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135354,"depth":97,"text":135924,"children":135925},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135926,135928],{"id":135369,"depth":119,"text":135927},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135451,"depth":119,"text":135929},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135575,"depth":97,"text":135576},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":135932},[135933,135935,135937,135939,135941],{"id":135789,"depth":119,"text":135934},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135804,"depth":119,"text":135936},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135812,"depth":119,"text":135938},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135822,"depth":119,"text":135940},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135831,"depth":119,"text":135942},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133168,"description":135944},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135951,"title":135952,"body":135953,"description":137521,"extension":1727,"meta":137522,"navigation":122,"path":137523,"seo":137524,"stem":137525,"__hash__":137526},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135954,"toc":137488},[135955,135960,135965,135967,135981,136026,136033,136038,136043,136045,136061,136070,136072,136074,136089,136091,136101,136103,136165,136167,136170,136231,136233,136249,136251,136264,136267,136314,136316,136322,136325,136328,136388,136396,136482,136486,136491,136493,136507,136510,136595,136598,136656,136667,136722,136724,136731,136737,136743,136787,136790,136837,136839,136841,136848,136850,136881,136884,136886,136917,136921,136924,136926,136966,136968,137011,137017,137022,137024,137051,137056,137059,137108,137112,137115,137190,137201,137204,137261,137268,137274,137282,137287,137294,137301,137319,137321,137375,137383,137385,137390,137393,137399,137405,137410,137413,137419,137425,137432,137440,137442,137485],[10,135956,123096,135958,11075],{"id":135957},"python-string-lower-method",[18,135959,123826],{},[14,135961,123101,135962,135964],{},[18,135963,123826],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,135966,23845],{},[26,135968,135969,135972,135975,135978],{},[29,135970,135971],{},"convert text to lowercase",[29,135973,135974],{},"compare text without case differences",[29,135976,135977],{},"clean up user input",[29,135979,135980],{},"make simple text matching easier",[52,135982,135984],{"className":54,"code":135983,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[18,135985,135986,135999,136013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135987,135988,135990,135992,135994,135997],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135989,517],{"class":67},[61,135991,72],{"class":71},[61,135993,522],{"class":190},[61,135995,135996],{"class":194},"Hello WORLD",[61,135998,528],{"class":190},[61,136000,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136002,100],{"class":67},[61,136004,72],{"class":71},[61,136006,42599],{"class":67},[61,136008,244],{"class":75},[61,136010,8399],{"class":112},[61,136012,263],{"class":75},[61,136014,136015,136017,136019,136021,136023],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,136016,130],{"class":129},[61,136018,109],{"class":75},[61,136020,135],{"class":112},[61,136022,3417],{"class":75},[61,136024,136025],{"class":3420},"  # hello world\n",[14,136027,136028,88708,136030,136032],{},[603,136029,83566],{},[18,136031,123826],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[47,136034,3435,136036,3438],{"id":136035},"what-lower-does",[18,136037,123826],{},[14,136039,136040,136042],{},[18,136041,123826],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136044,12807],{},[26,136046,136047,136052,136055,136058],{},[29,136048,136049,136051],{},[18,136050,123826],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[29,136053,136054],{},"It works on string objects",[29,136056,136057],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[29,136059,136060],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136062,124846,136063,136067,136068,244],{},[235,136064,136066],{"href":136065},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[235,136069,50734],{"href":50733},[47,136071,248],{"id":247},[14,136073,1922],{},[52,136075,136077],{"className":54,"code":136076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.lower()\n",[18,136078,136079],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136080,136081,136083,136085,136087],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136082,60928],{"class":67},[61,136084,244],{"class":75},[61,136086,8399],{"class":112},[61,136088,263],{"class":75},[14,136090,43408],{},[26,136092,136093,136095,136098],{},[29,136094,97273],{},[29,136096,136097],{},"You call it directly on a string",[29,136099,136100],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136102,1109],{},[52,136104,136106],{"className":54,"code":136105,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[18,136107,136108,136131,136135,136148],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136109,136110,136112,136114,136116,136119,136121,136123,136125,136128],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136111,130],{"class":129},[61,136113,109],{"class":75},[61,136115,816],{"class":190},[61,136117,136118],{"class":194},"HELLO",[61,136120,816],{"class":190},[61,136122,244],{"class":75},[61,136124,8399],{"class":112},[61,136126,136127],{"class":75},"())",[61,136129,136130],{"class":3420},"  # hello\n",[61,136132,136133],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136134,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,136136,136137,136139,136141,136143,136146],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,136138,7634],{"class":67},[61,136140,72],{"class":71},[61,136142,522],{"class":190},[61,136144,136145],{"class":194},"PyThOn",[61,136147,528],{"class":190},[61,136149,136150,136152,136154,136156,136158,136160,136162],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,136151,130],{"class":129},[61,136153,109],{"class":75},[61,136155,819],{"class":112},[61,136157,244],{"class":75},[61,136159,8399],{"class":112},[61,136161,136127],{"class":75},[61,136163,136164],{"class":3420},"  # python\n",[47,136166,11228],{"id":11227},[14,136168,136169],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[52,136171,136173],{"className":54,"code":136172,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,136174,136175,136187,136191,136206,136210,136221],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136176,136177,136179,136181,136183,136185],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136178,517],{"class":67},[61,136180,72],{"class":71},[61,136182,522],{"class":190},[61,136184,135996],{"class":194},[61,136186,528],{"class":190},[61,136188,136189],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136190,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,136192,136193,136196,136198,136200,136202,136204],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,136194,136195],{"class":67},"lower_text ",[61,136197,72],{"class":71},[61,136199,42599],{"class":67},[61,136201,244],{"class":75},[61,136203,8399],{"class":112},[61,136205,263],{"class":75},[61,136207,136208],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,136209,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,136211,136212,136214,136216,136219],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,136213,130],{"class":129},[61,136215,109],{"class":75},[61,136217,136218],{"class":112},"lower_text",[61,136220,116],{"class":75},[61,136222,136223,136225,136227,136229],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,136224,130],{"class":129},[61,136226,109],{"class":75},[61,136228,541],{"class":112},[61,136230,116],{"class":75},[14,136232,157],{},[52,136234,136236],{"className":54,"code":136235,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[18,136237,136238,136242],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136239,136240],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136241,134110],{"class":67},[61,136243,136244,136246],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136245,131510],{"class":67},[61,136247,136248],{"class":34209},"WORLD\n",[14,136250,24365],{},[26,136252,136253,136258],{},[29,136254,136255,136257],{},[18,136256,123826],{}," returns the lowercase result",[29,136259,136260,136261,136263],{},"the original ",[18,136262,541],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136265,136266],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[52,136268,136270],{"className":54,"code":136269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[18,136271,136272,136284,136298,136302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136273,136274,136276,136278,136280,136282],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136275,517],{"class":67},[61,136277,72],{"class":71},[61,136279,522],{"class":190},[61,136281,135996],{"class":194},[61,136283,528],{"class":190},[61,136285,136286,136288,136290,136292,136294,136296],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136287,517],{"class":67},[61,136289,72],{"class":71},[61,136291,42599],{"class":67},[61,136293,244],{"class":75},[61,136295,8399],{"class":112},[61,136297,263],{"class":75},[61,136299,136300],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,136301,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,136303,136304,136306,136308,136310,136312],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,136305,130],{"class":129},[61,136307,109],{"class":75},[61,136309,541],{"class":112},[61,136311,3417],{"class":75},[61,136313,136025],{"class":3420},[47,136315,17175],{"id":17174},[14,136317,136318,21732,136320,244],{},[18,136319,123826],{},[603,136321,60928],{},[14,136323,136324],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136326,136327],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[52,136329,136331],{"className":54,"code":136330,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[18,136332,136333,136347,136351,136374],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136334,136335,136338,136340,136342,136345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136336,136337],{"class":67},"answer ",[61,136339,72],{"class":71},[61,136341,522],{"class":190},[61,136343,136344],{"class":194},"YES",[61,136346,528],{"class":190},[61,136348,136349],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136350,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,136352,136353,136355,136358,136360,136362,136364,136366,136368,136370,136372],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,136354,6758],{"class":3634},[61,136356,136357],{"class":67}," answer",[61,136359,244],{"class":75},[61,136361,8399],{"class":112},[61,136363,1637],{"class":75},[61,136365,6167],{"class":71},[61,136367,522],{"class":190},[61,136369,8416],{"class":194},[61,136371,816],{"class":190},[61,136373,6152],{"class":75},[61,136375,136376,136378,136380,136382,136384,136386],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,136377,7827],{"class":129},[61,136379,109],{"class":75},[61,136381,816],{"class":190},[61,136383,96582],{"class":194},[61,136385,816],{"class":190},[61,136387,116],{"class":75},[14,136389,136390,136391,824],{},"This is especially useful with ",[235,136392,136393,136394,2064],{"href":7976},"the ",[18,136395,2718],{},[52,136397,136399],{"className":54,"code":136398,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[18,136400,136401,136420,136424,136446,136461,136467],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136402,136403,136405,136407,136409,136411,136413,136416,136418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136404,136337],{"class":67},[61,136406,72],{"class":71},[61,136408,7999],{"class":129},[61,136410,109],{"class":75},[61,136412,816],{"class":190},[61,136414,136415],{"class":194},"Type yes or no: ",[61,136417,816],{"class":190},[61,136419,116],{"class":75},[61,136421,136422],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136423,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,136425,136426,136428,136430,136432,136434,136436,136438,136440,136442,136444],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,136427,6758],{"class":3634},[61,136429,136357],{"class":67},[61,136431,244],{"class":75},[61,136433,8399],{"class":112},[61,136435,1637],{"class":75},[61,136437,6167],{"class":71},[61,136439,522],{"class":190},[61,136441,8416],{"class":194},[61,136443,816],{"class":190},[61,136445,6152],{"class":75},[61,136447,136448,136450,136452,136454,136457,136459],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,136449,7827],{"class":129},[61,136451,109],{"class":75},[61,136453,816],{"class":190},[61,136455,136456],{"class":194},"You typed yes",[61,136458,816],{"class":190},[61,136460,116],{"class":75},[61,136462,136463,136465],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,136464,27190],{"class":3634},[61,136466,6152],{"class":75},[61,136468,136469,136471,136473,136475,136478,136480],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,136470,7827],{"class":129},[61,136472,109],{"class":75},[61,136474,816],{"class":190},[61,136476,136477],{"class":194},"You typed something else",[61,136479,816],{"class":190},[61,136481,116],{"class":75},[47,136483,136485],{"id":136484},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136487,136488,136490],{},[18,136489,123826],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136492,7103],{},[26,136494,136495,136498,136501,136504],{},[29,136496,136497],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[29,136499,136500],{},"Make text matching easier",[29,136502,136503],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[29,136505,136506],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136508,136509],{},"Example: checking user input",[52,136511,136513],{"className":54,"code":136512,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[18,136514,136515,136533,136537,136559,136574,136580],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136516,136517,136519,136521,136523,136525,136527,136529,136531],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136518,44716],{"class":67},[61,136520,72],{"class":71},[61,136522,7999],{"class":129},[61,136524,109],{"class":75},[61,136526,816],{"class":190},[61,136528,44727],{"class":194},[61,136530,816],{"class":190},[61,136532,116],{"class":75},[61,136534,136535],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136536,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,136538,136539,136541,136543,136545,136547,136549,136551,136553,136555,136557],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,136540,6758],{"class":3634},[61,136542,35607],{"class":67},[61,136544,244],{"class":75},[61,136546,8399],{"class":112},[61,136548,1637],{"class":75},[61,136550,6167],{"class":71},[61,136552,522],{"class":190},[61,136554,12865],{"class":194},[61,136556,816],{"class":190},[61,136558,6152],{"class":75},[61,136560,136561,136563,136565,136567,136570,136572],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,136562,7827],{"class":129},[61,136564,109],{"class":75},[61,136566,816],{"class":190},[61,136568,136569],{"class":194},"Nice choice!",[61,136571,816],{"class":190},[61,136573,116],{"class":75},[61,136575,136576,136578],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,136577,27190],{"class":3634},[61,136579,6152],{"class":75},[61,136581,136582,136584,136586,136588,136591,136593],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,136583,7827],{"class":129},[61,136585,109],{"class":75},[61,136587,816],{"class":190},[61,136589,136590],{"class":194},"Got it.",[61,136592,816],{"class":190},[61,136594,116],{"class":75},[14,136596,136597],{},"Example: simple search",[52,136599,136601],{"className":54,"code":136600,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[18,136602,136603,136616,136620,136641],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136604,136605,136607,136609,136611,136614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136606,89752],{"class":67},[61,136608,72],{"class":71},[61,136610,522],{"class":190},[61,136612,136613],{"class":194},"Python Is Fun",[61,136615,528],{"class":190},[61,136617,136618],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136619,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,136621,136622,136624,136626,136628,136630,136632,136635,136637,136639],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,136623,6758],{"class":3634},[61,136625,522],{"class":190},[61,136627,56],{"class":194},[61,136629,816],{"class":190},[61,136631,20930],{"class":71},[61,136633,136634],{"class":67}," message",[61,136636,244],{"class":75},[61,136638,8399],{"class":112},[61,136640,21352],{"class":75},[61,136642,136643,136645,136647,136649,136652,136654],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,136644,7827],{"class":129},[61,136646,109],{"class":75},[61,136648,816],{"class":190},[61,136650,136651],{"class":194},"Found it",[61,136653,816],{"class":190},[61,136655,116],{"class":75},[14,136657,136658,136659,136661,136662,824],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[18,136660,123826],{}," is often used with ",[235,136663,136665],{"href":136664},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[18,136666,41410],{},[52,136668,136670],{"className":54,"code":136669,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[18,136671,136672,136685,136704,136708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136673,136674,136676,136678,136680,136683],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136675,7634],{"class":67},[61,136677,72],{"class":71},[61,136679,522],{"class":190},[61,136681,136682],{"class":194},"  ALICE  ",[61,136684,528],{"class":190},[61,136686,136687,136690,136692,136694,136696,136698,136700,136702],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136688,136689],{"class":67},"clean_name ",[61,136691,72],{"class":71},[61,136693,35748],{"class":67},[61,136695,244],{"class":75},[61,136697,8393],{"class":112},[61,136699,8396],{"class":75},[61,136701,8399],{"class":112},[61,136703,263],{"class":75},[61,136705,136706],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,136707,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,136709,136710,136712,136714,136717,136719],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,136711,130],{"class":129},[61,136713,109],{"class":75},[61,136715,136716],{"class":112},"clean_name",[61,136718,3417],{"class":75},[61,136720,136721],{"class":3420},"  # alice\n",[47,136723,15352],{"id":15351},[14,136725,136726,136727,136730],{},"Strings are ",[603,136728,136729],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136732,136733,136734,136736],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[18,136735,123826],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136738,136739,136740,136742],{},"So this does ",[603,136741,605],{}," update the original variable:",[52,136744,136746],{"className":54,"code":136745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[18,136747,136748,136760,136770,136774],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136749,136750,136752,136754,136756,136758],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136751,517],{"class":67},[61,136753,72],{"class":71},[61,136755,522],{"class":190},[61,136757,136118],{"class":194},[61,136759,528],{"class":190},[61,136761,136762,136764,136766,136768],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136763,541],{"class":67},[61,136765,244],{"class":75},[61,136767,8399],{"class":112},[61,136769,263],{"class":75},[61,136771,136772],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,136773,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,136775,136776,136778,136780,136782,136784],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,136777,130],{"class":129},[61,136779,109],{"class":75},[61,136781,541],{"class":112},[61,136783,3417],{"class":75},[61,136785,136786],{"class":3420},"  # HELLO\n",[14,136788,136789],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[52,136791,136793],{"className":54,"code":136792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,136794,136795,136807,136821,136825],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136796,136797,136799,136801,136803,136805],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136798,517],{"class":67},[61,136800,72],{"class":71},[61,136802,522],{"class":190},[61,136804,136118],{"class":194},[61,136806,528],{"class":190},[61,136808,136809,136811,136813,136815,136817,136819],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136810,517],{"class":67},[61,136812,72],{"class":71},[61,136814,42599],{"class":67},[61,136816,244],{"class":75},[61,136818,8399],{"class":112},[61,136820,263],{"class":75},[61,136822,136823],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,136824,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,136826,136827,136829,136831,136833,136835],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,136828,130],{"class":129},[61,136830,109],{"class":75},[61,136832,541],{"class":112},[61,136834,3417],{"class":75},[61,136836,136130],{"class":3420},[47,136838,2590],{"id":2589},[408,136840,25444],{"id":25443},[14,136842,136843,136844,10844,136846,244],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[18,136845,8399],{},[18,136847,123826],{},[14,136849,16400],{},[52,136851,136853],{"className":54,"code":136852,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[18,136854,136855,136867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136856,136857,136859,136861,136863,136865],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136858,517],{"class":67},[61,136860,72],{"class":71},[61,136862,522],{"class":190},[61,136864,136118],{"class":194},[61,136866,528],{"class":190},[61,136868,136869,136871,136873,136875,136877,136879],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136870,130],{"class":129},[61,136872,109],{"class":75},[61,136874,541],{"class":112},[61,136876,244],{"class":75},[61,136878,8399],{"class":24507},[61,136880,116],{"class":75},[14,136882,136883],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,136885,16412],{},[52,136887,136889],{"className":54,"code":136888,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,136890,136891,136903],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136892,136893,136895,136897,136899,136901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136894,517],{"class":67},[61,136896,72],{"class":71},[61,136898,522],{"class":190},[61,136900,136118],{"class":194},[61,136902,528],{"class":190},[61,136904,136905,136907,136909,136911,136913,136915],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136906,130],{"class":129},[61,136908,109],{"class":75},[61,136910,541],{"class":112},[61,136912,244],{"class":75},[61,136914,8399],{"class":112},[61,136916,6955],{"class":75},[408,136918,136920],{"id":136919},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,136922,136923],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,136925,16400],{},[52,136927,136929],{"className":54,"code":136928,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[18,136930,136931,136943,136953],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136932,136933,136935,136937,136939,136941],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136934,517],{"class":67},[61,136936,72],{"class":71},[61,136938,522],{"class":190},[61,136940,136118],{"class":194},[61,136942,528],{"class":190},[61,136944,136945,136947,136949,136951],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136946,541],{"class":67},[61,136948,244],{"class":75},[61,136950,8399],{"class":112},[61,136952,263],{"class":75},[61,136954,136955,136957,136959,136961,136963],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,136956,130],{"class":129},[61,136958,109],{"class":75},[61,136960,541],{"class":112},[61,136962,3417],{"class":75},[61,136964,136965],{"class":3420},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,136967,16412],{},[52,136969,136971],{"className":54,"code":136970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,136972,136973,136985,136999],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136974,136975,136977,136979,136981,136983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136976,517],{"class":67},[61,136978,72],{"class":71},[61,136980,522],{"class":190},[61,136982,136118],{"class":194},[61,136984,528],{"class":190},[61,136986,136987,136989,136991,136993,136995,136997],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,136988,517],{"class":67},[61,136990,72],{"class":71},[61,136992,42599],{"class":67},[61,136994,244],{"class":75},[61,136996,8399],{"class":112},[61,136998,263],{"class":75},[61,137000,137001,137003,137005,137007,137009],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,137002,130],{"class":129},[61,137004,109],{"class":75},[61,137006,541],{"class":112},[61,137008,3417],{"class":75},[61,137010,136130],{"class":3420},[408,137012,8175,137014,137016],{"id":137013},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[18,137015,123826],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137018,137019,137021],{},[18,137020,123826],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137023,16400],{},[52,137025,137027],{"className":54,"code":137026,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[18,137028,137029,137037],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137030,137031,137033,137035],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137032,1979],{"class":67},[61,137034,72],{"class":71},[61,137036,124776],{"class":79},[61,137038,137039,137041,137043,137045,137047,137049],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137040,130],{"class":129},[61,137042,109],{"class":75},[61,137044,2001],{"class":112},[61,137046,244],{"class":75},[61,137048,8399],{"class":112},[61,137050,6955],{"class":75},[14,137052,137053,137054,33356],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[18,137055,123826],{},[14,137057,137058],{},"You can check the type first:",[52,137060,137062],{"className":54,"code":137061,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137063,137064,137076,137080,137094],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137065,137066,137068,137070,137072,137074],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137067,517],{"class":67},[61,137069,72],{"class":71},[61,137071,522],{"class":190},[61,137073,136118],{"class":194},[61,137075,528],{"class":190},[61,137077,137078],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137079,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,137081,137082,137084,137086,137088,137090,137092],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,137083,130],{"class":129},[61,137085,109],{"class":75},[61,137087,147],{"class":105},[61,137089,109],{"class":75},[61,137091,541],{"class":112},[61,137093,154],{"class":75},[61,137095,137096,137098,137100,137102,137104,137106],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,137097,130],{"class":129},[61,137099,109],{"class":75},[61,137101,541],{"class":112},[61,137103,244],{"class":75},[61,137105,8399],{"class":112},[61,137107,6955],{"class":75},[408,137109,137111],{"id":137110},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137113,137114],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[52,137116,137118],{"className":54,"code":137117,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[18,137119,137120,137133,137137,137154,137169,137175],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137121,137122,137124,137126,137128,137131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137123,136337],{"class":67},[61,137125,72],{"class":71},[61,137127,522],{"class":190},[61,137129,137130],{"class":194},"Yes",[61,137132,528],{"class":190},[61,137134,137135],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137136,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,137138,137139,137141,137144,137146,137148,137150,137152],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,137140,6758],{"class":3634},[61,137142,137143],{"class":67}," answer ",[61,137145,4450],{"class":71},[61,137147,522],{"class":190},[61,137149,8416],{"class":194},[61,137151,816],{"class":190},[61,137153,6152],{"class":75},[61,137155,137156,137158,137160,137162,137165,137167],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,137157,7827],{"class":129},[61,137159,109],{"class":75},[61,137161,816],{"class":190},[61,137163,137164],{"class":194},"Match",[61,137166,816],{"class":190},[61,137168,116],{"class":75},[61,137170,137171,137173],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,137172,27190],{"class":3634},[61,137174,6152],{"class":75},[61,137176,137177,137179,137181,137183,137186,137188],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,137178,7827],{"class":129},[61,137180,109],{"class":75},[61,137182,816],{"class":190},[61,137184,137185],{"class":194},"No match",[61,137187,816],{"class":190},[61,137189,116],{"class":75},[14,137191,28818,137192,4154,137195,137198,137199,244],{},[18,137193,137194],{},"\"Yes\"",[18,137196,137197],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[18,137200,137185],{},[14,137202,137203],{},"Better:",[52,137205,137207],{"className":54,"code":137206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[18,137208,137209,137221,137225,137247],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137210,137211,137213,137215,137217,137219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137212,136337],{"class":67},[61,137214,72],{"class":71},[61,137216,522],{"class":190},[61,137218,137130],{"class":194},[61,137220,528],{"class":190},[61,137222,137223],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137224,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,137226,137227,137229,137231,137233,137235,137237,137239,137241,137243,137245],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,137228,6758],{"class":3634},[61,137230,136357],{"class":67},[61,137232,244],{"class":75},[61,137234,8399],{"class":112},[61,137236,1637],{"class":75},[61,137238,6167],{"class":71},[61,137240,522],{"class":190},[61,137242,8416],{"class":194},[61,137244,816],{"class":190},[61,137246,6152],{"class":75},[61,137248,137249,137251,137253,137255,137257,137259],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,137250,7827],{"class":129},[61,137252,109],{"class":75},[61,137254,816],{"class":190},[61,137256,137164],{"class":194},[61,137258,816],{"class":190},[61,137260,116],{"class":75},[408,137262,43971,137264,137267],{"id":137263},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[18,137265,137266],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137269,137270,137271,137273],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[18,137272,123826],{}," is enough.",[14,137275,137276,137277,137279,137280,244],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[18,137278,137266],{}," can be stronger than ",[18,137281,123826],{},[14,137283,137284,137285,122338],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[18,137286,123826],{},[47,137288,137290,10337,137292],{"id":137289},"lower-vs-upper",[18,137291,123826],{},[18,137293,127972],{},[14,137295,137296,4154,137298,137300],{},[18,137297,123826],{},[18,137299,127972],{}," are very similar.",[26,137302,137303,137308,137313,137316],{},[29,137304,137305,137307],{},[18,137306,123826],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[29,137309,137310,137312],{},[18,137311,127972],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[29,137314,137315],{},"Both return new strings",[29,137317,137318],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137320,1109],{},[52,137322,137324],{"className":54,"code":137323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[18,137325,137326,137338,137342,137358],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137327,137328,137330,137332,137334,137336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137329,517],{"class":67},[61,137331,72],{"class":71},[61,137333,522],{"class":190},[61,137335,128813],{"class":194},[61,137337,528],{"class":190},[61,137339,137340],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137341,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,137343,137344,137346,137348,137350,137352,137354,137356],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,137345,130],{"class":129},[61,137347,109],{"class":75},[61,137349,541],{"class":112},[61,137351,244],{"class":75},[61,137353,8399],{"class":112},[61,137355,136127],{"class":75},[61,137357,136025],{"class":3420},[61,137359,137360,137362,137364,137366,137368,137370,137372],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,137361,130],{"class":129},[61,137363,109],{"class":75},[61,137365,541],{"class":112},[61,137367,244],{"class":75},[61,137369,34234],{"class":112},[61,137371,136127],{"class":75},[61,137373,137374],{"class":3420},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137376,137377,137378,244],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[235,137379,126094,137381,10492],{"href":137380},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[18,137382,127972],{},[47,137384,1620],{"id":1619},[408,137386,12459,137388,124423],{"id":137387},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[18,137389,123826],{},[14,137391,137392],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[408,137394,12459,137396,137398],{"id":137395},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[18,137397,123826],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137400,137401,137402,244],{},"No. The method is called as ",[18,137403,137404],{},"string.lower()",[408,137406,4905,137408,12471],{"id":137407},"what-does-lower-return",[18,137409,123826],{},[14,137411,137412],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[408,137414,28085,137416,137418],{"id":137415},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[18,137417,123826],{}," on user input?",[14,137420,137421,137422,137424],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[18,137423,2718],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[408,137426,4943,137428,4154,137430,2251],{"id":137427},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[18,137429,123826],{},[18,137431,137266],{},[14,137433,137434,137436,137437,137439],{},[18,137435,123826],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[18,137438,137266],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[47,137441,1664],{"id":1663},[26,137443,137444,137448,137454,137460,137466,137470,137474,137480],{},[29,137445,137446],{},[235,137447,50734],{"href":50733},[29,137449,137450],{},[235,137451,126094,137452,10492],{"href":137380},[18,137453,127972],{},[29,137455,137456],{},[235,137457,126094,137458,10492],{"href":136664},[18,137459,41410],{},[29,137461,137462],{},[235,137463,126094,137464,10492],{"href":129675},[18,137465,124267],{},[29,137467,137468],{},[235,137469,124495],{"href":123351},[29,137471,137472],{},[235,137473,90428],{"href":89437},[29,137475,137476],{},[235,137477,3332,137478,3265],{"href":7976},[18,137479,2718],{},[29,137481,137482],{},[235,137483,137484],{"href":136065},"What is a string in Python?",[1693,137486,137487],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":137489},[137490,137492,137493,137494,137495,137496,137497,137506,137508,137520],{"id":136035,"depth":97,"text":137491},"What lower() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":136484,"depth":97,"text":136485},{"id":15351,"depth":97,"text":15352},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":137498},[137499,137500,137501,137503,137504],{"id":25443,"depth":119,"text":25444},{"id":136919,"depth":119,"text":136920},{"id":137013,"depth":119,"text":137502},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137110,"depth":119,"text":137111},{"id":137263,"depth":119,"text":137505},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137289,"depth":97,"text":137507},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":137509},[137510,137512,137514,137516,137518],{"id":137387,"depth":119,"text":137511},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137395,"depth":119,"text":137513},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137407,"depth":119,"text":137515},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137415,"depth":119,"text":137517},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137427,"depth":119,"text":137519},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135952,"description":137521},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137528,"title":137529,"body":137530,"description":139080,"extension":1727,"meta":139081,"navigation":122,"path":139082,"seo":139083,"stem":139084,"__hash__":139085},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137531,"toc":139041},[137532,137537,137542,137548,137563,137565,137625,137627,137636,137642,137647,137652,137654,137668,137672,137674,137721,137723,137741,137743,137746,137817,137819,137833,137836,137848,137857,137861,137866,137871,137875,137941,137943,137952,137956,138021,138023,138032,138035,138040,138044,138049,138053,138114,138116,138125,138129,138132,138188,138190,138199,138202,138215,138217,138221,138228,138290,138292,138305,138311,138314,138321,138326,138331,138334,138342,138344,138405,138407,138416,138419,138466,138469,138516,138518,138523,138540,138547,138552,138605,138607,138615,138617,138674,138676,138684,138688,138735,138737,138745,138753,138757,138805,138807,138816,138821,138872,138874,138883,138890,138893,138914,138916,138921,138924,138928,138931,138935,138938,138965,138971,138974,139001,139006,139008,139010,139038],[10,137533,123096,137535,11075],{"id":137534},"python-string-replace-method",[18,137536,124267],{},[14,137538,123101,137539,137541],{},[18,137540,124267],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137543,137544,137545,137547],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[18,137546,124267],{},". You will learn:",[26,137549,137550,137554,137557,137560],{},[29,137551,25776,137552,3438],{},[18,137553,124267],{},[29,137555,137556],{},"how its syntax works",[29,137558,137559],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[29,137561,137562],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[47,137564,50],{"id":49},[52,137566,137568],{"className":54,"code":137567,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137569,137570,137583,137615],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137571,137572,137574,137576,137578,137581],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137573,517],{"class":67},[61,137575,72],{"class":71},[61,137577,522],{"class":190},[61,137579,137580],{"class":194},"I like cats",[61,137582,528],{"class":190},[61,137584,137585,137587,137589,137591,137593,137595,137597,137599,137602,137604,137606,137608,137611,137613],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137586,129933],{"class":67},[61,137588,72],{"class":71},[61,137590,42599],{"class":67},[61,137592,244],{"class":75},[61,137594,34754],{"class":112},[61,137596,109],{"class":75},[61,137598,816],{"class":190},[61,137600,137601],{"class":194},"cats",[61,137603,816],{"class":190},[61,137605,83],{"class":75},[61,137607,522],{"class":190},[61,137609,137610],{"class":194},"dogs",[61,137612,816],{"class":190},[61,137614,116],{"class":75},[61,137616,137617,137619,137621,137623],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,137618,130],{"class":129},[61,137620,109],{"class":75},[61,137622,129964],{"class":112},[61,137624,116],{"class":75},[14,137626,157],{},[52,137628,137630],{"className":54,"code":137629,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"I like dogs\n",[18,137631,137632],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137633,137634],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137635,137629],{"class":67},[14,137637,204,137638,137641],{},[18,137639,137640],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[47,137643,3435,137645,3438],{"id":137644},"what-replace-does",[18,137646,124267],{},[14,137648,137649,137651],{},[18,137650,124267],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137653,12807],{},[26,137655,137656,137658,137660,137663],{},[29,137657,133342],{},[29,137659,136060],{},[29,137661,137662],{},"It works on exact matches",[29,137664,137665,137666],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[18,137667,41016],{},[14,137669,124846,137670,244],{},[235,137671,124849],{"href":50733},[47,137673,5192],{"id":5191},[52,137675,137677],{"className":54,"code":137676,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[18,137678,137679,137699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137680,137681,137683,137685,137687,137689,137692,137694,137697],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137682,60928],{"class":67},[61,137684,244],{"class":75},[61,137686,34754],{"class":112},[61,137688,109],{"class":75},[61,137690,137691],{"class":112},"old",[61,137693,83],{"class":75},[61,137695,137696],{"class":112}," new",[61,137698,116],{"class":75},[61,137700,137701,137703,137705,137707,137709,137711,137713,137715,137717,137719],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137702,60928],{"class":67},[61,137704,244],{"class":75},[61,137706,34754],{"class":112},[61,137708,109],{"class":75},[61,137710,137691],{"class":112},[61,137712,83],{"class":75},[61,137714,137696],{"class":112},[61,137716,83],{"class":75},[61,137718,49359],{"class":112},[61,137720,116],{"class":75},[408,137722,17151],{"id":17150},[26,137724,137725,137730,137736],{},[29,137726,137727,137729],{},[18,137728,137691],{}," = the text to find",[29,137731,137732,137735],{},[18,137733,137734],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[29,137737,137738,137740],{},[18,137739,41016],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[47,137742,5546],{"id":5545},[14,137744,137745],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[52,137747,137749],{"className":54,"code":137748,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137750,137751,137763,137793,137797,137807],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137752,137753,137755,137757,137759,137761],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137754,517],{"class":67},[61,137756,72],{"class":71},[61,137758,522],{"class":190},[61,137760,137580],{"class":194},[61,137762,528],{"class":190},[61,137764,137765,137767,137769,137771,137773,137775,137777,137779,137781,137783,137785,137787,137789,137791],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137766,129933],{"class":67},[61,137768,72],{"class":71},[61,137770,42599],{"class":67},[61,137772,244],{"class":75},[61,137774,34754],{"class":112},[61,137776,109],{"class":75},[61,137778,816],{"class":190},[61,137780,137601],{"class":194},[61,137782,816],{"class":190},[61,137784,83],{"class":75},[61,137786,522],{"class":190},[61,137788,137610],{"class":194},[61,137790,816],{"class":190},[61,137792,116],{"class":75},[61,137794,137795],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,137796,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,137798,137799,137801,137803,137805],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,137800,130],{"class":129},[61,137802,109],{"class":75},[61,137804,541],{"class":112},[61,137806,116],{"class":75},[61,137808,137809,137811,137813,137815],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,137810,130],{"class":129},[61,137812,109],{"class":75},[61,137814,129964],{"class":112},[61,137816,116],{"class":75},[14,137818,157],{},[52,137820,137822],{"className":54,"code":137821,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[18,137823,137824,137829],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137825,137826],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137827,137828],{"class":67},"I like cats\n",[61,137830,137831],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137832,137629],{"class":67},[14,137834,137835],{},"Notice what happened:",[26,137837,137838,137843],{},[29,137839,137840,137842],{},[18,137841,541],{}," did not change",[29,137844,137845,137847],{},[18,137846,129964],{}," contains the updated value",[14,137849,137850,137851,137853,137854,137856],{},"This happens because strings are ",[603,137852,136729],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[18,137855,124267],{}," return a new string instead.",[47,137858,137860],{"id":137859},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,137862,89446,137863,137865],{},[18,137864,124267],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,137867,137868,137869,36378],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[18,137870,41016],{},[408,137872,137874],{"id":137873},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[52,137876,137878],{"className":54,"code":137877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137879,137880,137893,137927,137931],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137881,137882,137884,137886,137888,137891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137883,517],{"class":67},[61,137885,72],{"class":71},[61,137887,522],{"class":190},[61,137889,137890],{"class":194},"cat cat cat",[61,137892,528],{"class":190},[61,137894,137895,137897,137899,137901,137903,137905,137907,137909,137911,137913,137915,137917,137919,137921,137923,137925],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137896,100],{"class":67},[61,137898,72],{"class":71},[61,137900,42599],{"class":67},[61,137902,244],{"class":75},[61,137904,34754],{"class":112},[61,137906,109],{"class":75},[61,137908,816],{"class":190},[61,137910,525],{"class":194},[61,137912,816],{"class":190},[61,137914,83],{"class":75},[61,137916,522],{"class":190},[61,137918,57886],{"class":194},[61,137920,816],{"class":190},[61,137922,83],{"class":75},[61,137924,680],{"class":79},[61,137926,116],{"class":75},[61,137928,137929],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,137930,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,137932,137933,137935,137937,137939],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,137934,130],{"class":129},[61,137936,109],{"class":75},[61,137938,135],{"class":112},[61,137940,116],{"class":75},[14,137942,157],{},[52,137944,137946],{"className":54,"code":137945,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dog cat cat\n",[18,137947,137948],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137949,137950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137951,137945],{"class":67},[408,137953,137955],{"id":137954},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[52,137957,137959],{"className":54,"code":137958,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137960,137961,137973,138007,138011],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137962,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137964,517],{"class":67},[61,137966,72],{"class":71},[61,137968,522],{"class":190},[61,137970,137890],{"class":194},[61,137972,528],{"class":190},[61,137974,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987,137989,137991,137993,137995,137997,137999,138001,138003,138005],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,137976,100],{"class":67},[61,137978,72],{"class":71},[61,137980,42599],{"class":67},[61,137982,244],{"class":75},[61,137984,34754],{"class":112},[61,137986,109],{"class":75},[61,137988,816],{"class":190},[61,137990,525],{"class":194},[61,137992,816],{"class":190},[61,137994,83],{"class":75},[61,137996,522],{"class":190},[61,137998,57886],{"class":194},[61,138000,816],{"class":190},[61,138002,83],{"class":75},[61,138004,86],{"class":79},[61,138006,116],{"class":75},[61,138008,138009],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,138010,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,138012,138013,138015,138017,138019],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,138014,130],{"class":129},[61,138016,109],{"class":75},[61,138018,135],{"class":112},[61,138020,116],{"class":75},[14,138022,157],{},[52,138024,138026],{"className":54,"code":138025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dog dog cat\n",[18,138027,138028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138029,138030],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138031,138025],{"class":67},[14,138033,138034],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138036,138037,138038,244],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[235,138039,127818],{"href":124264},[47,138041,138043],{"id":138042},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138045,138046,138048],{},[18,138047,124267],{}," can also change single characters.",[408,138050,138052],{"id":138051},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[52,138054,138056],{"className":54,"code":138055,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138057,138058,138070,138100,138104],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138059,138060,138062,138064,138066,138068],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138061,517],{"class":67},[61,138063,72],{"class":71},[61,138065,522],{"class":190},[61,138067,3847],{"class":194},[61,138069,528],{"class":190},[61,138071,138072,138074,138076,138078,138080,138082,138084,138086,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138073,100],{"class":67},[61,138075,72],{"class":71},[61,138077,42599],{"class":67},[61,138079,244],{"class":75},[61,138081,34754],{"class":112},[61,138083,109],{"class":75},[61,138085,816],{"class":190},[61,138087,235],{"class":194},[61,138089,816],{"class":190},[61,138091,83],{"class":75},[61,138093,522],{"class":190},[61,138095,1379],{"class":194},[61,138097,816],{"class":190},[61,138099,116],{"class":75},[61,138101,138102],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,138103,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,138105,138106,138108,138110,138112],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,138107,130],{"class":129},[61,138109,109],{"class":75},[61,138111,135],{"class":112},[61,138113,116],{"class":75},[14,138115,157],{},[52,138117,138119],{"className":54,"code":138118,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bonono\n",[18,138120,138121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138122,138123],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138124,138118],{"class":67},[408,138126,138128],{"id":138127},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138130,138131],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[52,138133,138135],{"className":54,"code":138134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138136,138137,138150,138174,138178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138138,138139,138141,138143,138145,138148],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138140,517],{"class":67},[61,138142,72],{"class":71},[61,138144,522],{"class":190},[61,138146,138147],{"class":194},"a b c",[61,138149,528],{"class":190},[61,138151,138152,138154,138156,138158,138160,138162,138164,138166,138168,138170,138172],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138153,100],{"class":67},[61,138155,72],{"class":71},[61,138157,42599],{"class":67},[61,138159,244],{"class":75},[61,138161,34754],{"class":112},[61,138163,109],{"class":75},[61,138165,816],{"class":190},[61,138167,522],{"class":190},[61,138169,83],{"class":75},[61,138171,5885],{"class":190},[61,138173,116],{"class":75},[61,138175,138176],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,138177,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,138179,138180,138182,138184,138186],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,138181,130],{"class":129},[61,138183,109],{"class":75},[61,138185,135],{"class":112},[61,138187,116],{"class":75},[14,138189,157],{},[52,138191,138193],{"className":54,"code":138192,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"abc\n",[18,138194,138195],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138196,138197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138198,138192],{"class":67},[14,138200,138201],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138203,138204,138205,138209,138210,138214],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[235,138206,126094,138207,10492],{"href":128781},[18,138208,60285],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[235,138211,126094,138212,10492],{"href":136664},[18,138213,41410],{}," is often a better choice.",[47,138216,123743],{"id":123742},[14,138218,138219,123554],{},[18,138220,124267],{},[14,138222,127139,138223,4154,138225,127146],{},[18,138224,112783],{},[18,138226,138227],{},"\"Cat\"",[52,138229,138231],{"className":54,"code":138230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138232,138233,138246,138276,138280],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138234,138235,138237,138239,138241,138244],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138236,517],{"class":67},[61,138238,72],{"class":71},[61,138240,522],{"class":190},[61,138242,138243],{"class":194},"Cat cat CAT",[61,138245,528],{"class":190},[61,138247,138248,138250,138252,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138249,100],{"class":67},[61,138251,72],{"class":71},[61,138253,42599],{"class":67},[61,138255,244],{"class":75},[61,138257,34754],{"class":112},[61,138259,109],{"class":75},[61,138261,816],{"class":190},[61,138263,525],{"class":194},[61,138265,816],{"class":190},[61,138267,83],{"class":75},[61,138269,522],{"class":190},[61,138271,57886],{"class":194},[61,138273,816],{"class":190},[61,138275,116],{"class":75},[61,138277,138278],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,138279,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,138281,138282,138284,138286,138288],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,138283,130],{"class":129},[61,138285,109],{"class":75},[61,138287,135],{"class":112},[61,138289,116],{"class":75},[14,138291,157],{},[52,138293,138295],{"className":54,"code":138294,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Cat dog CAT\n",[18,138296,138297],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138298,138299,138302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138300,138301],{"class":67},"Cat dog ",[61,138303,138304],{"class":34209},"CAT\n",[14,138306,138307,138308,138310],{},"Only the lowercase ",[18,138309,112783],{}," was replaced.",[14,138312,138313],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138315,138316,138317,244],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[235,138318,126094,138319,10492],{"href":123823},[18,138320,123826],{},[47,138322,3435,138324,11459],{"id":138323},"what-replace-returns",[18,138325,124267],{},[14,138327,138328,138330],{},[18,138329,124267],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138332,138333],{},"If no match is found:",[26,138335,138336,138339],{},[29,138337,138338],{},"no error happens",[29,138340,138341],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138343,1109],{},[52,138345,138347],{"className":54,"code":138346,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138348,138349,138361,138391,138395],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138350,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138352,517],{"class":67},[61,138354,72],{"class":71},[61,138356,522],{"class":190},[61,138358,1323],{"class":194},[61,138360,528],{"class":190},[61,138362,138363,138365,138367,138369,138371,138373,138375,138377,138379,138381,138383,138385,138387,138389],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138364,100],{"class":67},[61,138366,72],{"class":71},[61,138368,42599],{"class":67},[61,138370,244],{"class":75},[61,138372,34754],{"class":112},[61,138374,109],{"class":75},[61,138376,816],{"class":190},[61,138378,1936],{"class":194},[61,138380,816],{"class":190},[61,138382,83],{"class":75},[61,138384,522],{"class":190},[61,138386,11499],{"class":194},[61,138388,816],{"class":190},[61,138390,116],{"class":75},[61,138392,138393],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,138394,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,138396,138397,138399,138401,138403],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,138398,130],{"class":129},[61,138400,109],{"class":75},[61,138402,135],{"class":112},[61,138404,116],{"class":75},[14,138406,157],{},[52,138408,138410],{"className":54,"code":138409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello\n",[18,138411,138412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138413,138414],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138415,138409],{"class":67},[14,138417,138418],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[52,138420,138422],{"className":54,"code":138421,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138423,138424,138436],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138425,138426,138428,138430,138432,138434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138427,517],{"class":67},[61,138429,72],{"class":71},[61,138431,522],{"class":190},[61,138433,60164],{"class":194},[61,138435,528],{"class":190},[61,138437,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460,138462,138464],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138439,129933],{"class":67},[61,138441,72],{"class":71},[61,138443,42599],{"class":67},[61,138445,244],{"class":75},[61,138447,34754],{"class":112},[61,138449,109],{"class":75},[61,138451,816],{"class":190},[61,138453,60345],{"class":194},[61,138455,816],{"class":190},[61,138457,83],{"class":75},[61,138459,522],{"class":190},[61,138461,7057],{"class":194},[61,138463,816],{"class":190},[61,138465,116],{"class":75},[14,138467,138468],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[52,138470,138472],{"className":54,"code":138471,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138473,138474,138486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138475,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138477,517],{"class":67},[61,138479,72],{"class":71},[61,138481,522],{"class":190},[61,138483,60164],{"class":194},[61,138485,528],{"class":190},[61,138487,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138489,517],{"class":67},[61,138491,72],{"class":71},[61,138493,42599],{"class":67},[61,138495,244],{"class":75},[61,138497,34754],{"class":112},[61,138499,109],{"class":75},[61,138501,816],{"class":190},[61,138503,60345],{"class":194},[61,138505,816],{"class":190},[61,138507,83],{"class":75},[61,138509,522],{"class":190},[61,138511,7057],{"class":194},[61,138513,816],{"class":190},[61,138515,116],{"class":75},[47,138517,4280],{"id":4279},[14,138519,138520,138521,824],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[18,138522,124267],{},[26,138524,138525,138528,138532,138535],{},[29,138526,138527],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[29,138529,8211,138530,131314],{},[18,138531,124267],{},[29,138533,138534],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[29,138536,36960,138537,138539],{},[18,138538,124267],{}," with regex-based replacements",[408,138541,138543,138544,138546],{"id":138542},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[18,138545,124267],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138548,138549,138550,824],{},"This does not update ",[18,138551,541],{},[52,138553,138555],{"className":54,"code":138554,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138556,138557,138569,138595],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138558,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138560,517],{"class":67},[61,138562,72],{"class":71},[61,138564,522],{"class":190},[61,138566,137580],{"class":194},[61,138568,528],{"class":190},[61,138570,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138572,541],{"class":67},[61,138574,244],{"class":75},[61,138576,34754],{"class":112},[61,138578,109],{"class":75},[61,138580,816],{"class":190},[61,138582,137601],{"class":194},[61,138584,816],{"class":190},[61,138586,83],{"class":75},[61,138588,522],{"class":190},[61,138590,137610],{"class":194},[61,138592,816],{"class":190},[61,138594,116],{"class":75},[61,138596,138597,138599,138601,138603],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,138598,130],{"class":129},[61,138600,109],{"class":75},[61,138602,541],{"class":112},[61,138604,116],{"class":75},[14,138606,157],{},[52,138608,138609],{"className":54,"code":137828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,138610,138611],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138612,138613],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138614,137828],{"class":67},[14,138616,10559],{},[52,138618,138620],{"className":54,"code":138619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138621,138622,138634,138664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138623,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138625,517],{"class":67},[61,138627,72],{"class":71},[61,138629,522],{"class":190},[61,138631,137580],{"class":194},[61,138633,528],{"class":190},[61,138635,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656,138658,138660,138662],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138637,517],{"class":67},[61,138639,72],{"class":71},[61,138641,42599],{"class":67},[61,138643,244],{"class":75},[61,138645,34754],{"class":112},[61,138647,109],{"class":75},[61,138649,816],{"class":190},[61,138651,137601],{"class":194},[61,138653,816],{"class":190},[61,138655,83],{"class":75},[61,138657,522],{"class":190},[61,138659,137610],{"class":194},[61,138661,816],{"class":190},[61,138663,116],{"class":75},[61,138665,138666,138668,138670,138672],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,138667,130],{"class":129},[61,138669,109],{"class":75},[61,138671,541],{"class":112},[61,138673,116],{"class":75},[14,138675,157],{},[52,138677,138678],{"className":54,"code":137629,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,138679,138680],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138681,138682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138683,137629],{"class":67},[408,138685,138687],{"id":138686},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[52,138689,138691],{"className":54,"code":138690,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[18,138692,138693,138705],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138694,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138696,517],{"class":67},[61,138698,72],{"class":71},[61,138700,522],{"class":190},[61,138702,34622],{"class":194},[61,138704,528],{"class":190},[61,138706,138707,138709,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138708,130],{"class":129},[61,138710,109],{"class":75},[61,138712,541],{"class":112},[61,138714,244],{"class":75},[61,138716,34754],{"class":112},[61,138718,109],{"class":75},[61,138720,816],{"class":190},[61,138722,1323],{"class":194},[61,138724,816],{"class":190},[61,138726,83],{"class":75},[61,138728,522],{"class":190},[61,138730,89681],{"class":194},[61,138732,816],{"class":190},[61,138734,154],{"class":75},[14,138736,157],{},[52,138738,138739],{"className":54,"code":88694,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,138740,138741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138742,138743],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138744,88694],{"class":67},[14,138746,138747,138748,4154,138750,138752],{},"Nothing changed because ",[18,138749,64280],{},[18,138751,90163],{}," are not the same.",[408,138754,138756],{"id":138755},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[52,138758,138760],{"className":54,"code":138759,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[18,138761,138762,138775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138763,138764,138766,138768,138770,138773],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138765,517],{"class":67},[61,138767,72],{"class":71},[61,138769,522],{"class":190},[61,138771,138772],{"class":194},"red red red",[61,138774,528],{"class":190},[61,138776,138777,138779,138781,138783,138785,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801,138803],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138778,130],{"class":129},[61,138780,109],{"class":75},[61,138782,541],{"class":112},[61,138784,244],{"class":75},[61,138786,34754],{"class":112},[61,138788,109],{"class":75},[61,138790,816],{"class":190},[61,138792,12848],{"class":194},[61,138794,816],{"class":190},[61,138796,83],{"class":75},[61,138798,522],{"class":190},[61,138800,12865],{"class":194},[61,138802,816],{"class":190},[61,138804,154],{"class":75},[14,138806,157],{},[52,138808,138810],{"className":54,"code":138809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"blue blue blue\n",[18,138811,138812],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138813,138814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138815,138809],{"class":67},[14,138817,138818,138819,824],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[18,138820,41016],{},[52,138822,138824],{"className":54,"code":138823,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[18,138825,138826,138838],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138827,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138829,517],{"class":67},[61,138831,72],{"class":71},[61,138833,522],{"class":190},[61,138835,138772],{"class":194},[61,138837,528],{"class":190},[61,138839,138840,138842,138844,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866,138868,138870],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,138841,130],{"class":129},[61,138843,109],{"class":75},[61,138845,541],{"class":112},[61,138847,244],{"class":75},[61,138849,34754],{"class":112},[61,138851,109],{"class":75},[61,138853,816],{"class":190},[61,138855,12848],{"class":194},[61,138857,816],{"class":190},[61,138859,83],{"class":75},[61,138861,522],{"class":190},[61,138863,12865],{"class":194},[61,138865,816],{"class":190},[61,138867,83],{"class":75},[61,138869,680],{"class":79},[61,138871,154],{"class":75},[14,138873,157],{},[52,138875,138877],{"className":54,"code":138876,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"blue red red\n",[18,138878,138879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138880,138881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138882,138876],{"class":67},[408,138884,138886,138887,138889],{"id":138885},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[18,138888,124267],{}," for the wrong task",[14,138891,138892],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[26,138894,138895,138902,138909],{},[29,138896,204,138897,138901],{},[235,138898,138899],{"href":128781},[18,138900,60285],{}," to break a string into a list",[29,138903,204,138904,138908],{},[235,138905,138906],{"href":136664},[18,138907,41410],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[29,138910,204,138911,138913],{},[18,138912,124267],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[47,138915,1620],{"id":1619},[408,138917,12459,138919,124423],{"id":138918},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[18,138920,124267],{},[14,138922,138923],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[408,138925,138927],{"id":138926},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,138929,138930],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[408,138932,138934],{"id":138933},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,138936,138937],{},"Use the third argument:",[52,138939,138941],{"className":54,"code":138940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[18,138942,138943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138944,138945,138947,138949,138951,138953,138955,138957,138959,138961,138963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138946,541],{"class":67},[61,138948,244],{"class":75},[61,138950,34754],{"class":112},[61,138952,109],{"class":75},[61,138954,137691],{"class":112},[61,138956,83],{"class":75},[61,138958,137696],{"class":112},[61,138960,83],{"class":75},[61,138962,680],{"class":79},[61,138964,116],{"class":75},[408,138966,4933,138968,138970],{"id":138967},"can-replace-remove-text",[18,138969,124267],{}," remove text?",[14,138972,138973],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[52,138975,138977],{"className":54,"code":138976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[18,138978,138979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138980,138981,138983,138985,138987,138989,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138982,541],{"class":67},[61,138984,244],{"class":75},[61,138986,34754],{"class":112},[61,138988,109],{"class":75},[61,138990,816],{"class":190},[61,138992,1936],{"class":194},[61,138994,816],{"class":190},[61,138996,83],{"class":75},[61,138998,5885],{"class":190},[61,139000,116],{"class":75},[408,139002,14658,139004,124432],{"id":139003},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[18,139005,124267],{},[14,139007,129623],{},[47,139009,1664],{"id":1663},[26,139011,139012,139016,139022,139028,139034],{},[29,139013,139014],{},[235,139015,124502],{"href":124264},[29,139017,139018],{},[235,139019,126094,139020,10492],{"href":128781},[18,139021,60285],{},[29,139023,139024],{},[235,139025,126094,139026,10492],{"href":136664},[18,139027,41410],{},[29,139029,139030],{},[235,139031,126094,139032,10492],{"href":123823},[18,139033,123826],{},[29,139035,139036],{},[235,139037,124849],{"href":50733},[1693,139039,139040],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":139042},[139043,139044,139046,139049,139050,139054,139058,139059,139061,139069,139079],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":137644,"depth":97,"text":139045},"What replace() does",{"id":5191,"depth":97,"text":5192,"children":139047},[139048],{"id":17150,"depth":119,"text":17151},{"id":5545,"depth":97,"text":5546},{"id":137859,"depth":97,"text":137860,"children":139051},[139052,139053],{"id":137873,"depth":119,"text":137874},{"id":137954,"depth":119,"text":137955},{"id":138042,"depth":97,"text":138043,"children":139055},[139056,139057],{"id":138051,"depth":119,"text":138052},{"id":138127,"depth":119,"text":138128},{"id":123742,"depth":97,"text":123743},{"id":138323,"depth":97,"text":139060},"What replace() returns",{"id":4279,"depth":97,"text":4280,"children":139062},[139063,139065,139066,139067],{"id":138542,"depth":119,"text":139064},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138686,"depth":119,"text":138687},{"id":138755,"depth":119,"text":138756},{"id":138885,"depth":119,"text":139068},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":139070},[139071,139073,139074,139075,139077],{"id":138918,"depth":119,"text":139072},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138926,"depth":119,"text":138927},{"id":138933,"depth":119,"text":138934},{"id":138967,"depth":119,"text":139076},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139003,"depth":119,"text":139078},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137529,"description":139080},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139087,"title":139088,"body":139089,"description":141108,"extension":1727,"meta":141109,"navigation":122,"path":141110,"seo":141111,"stem":141112,"__hash__":141113},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139090,"toc":141072},[139091,139096,139101,139104,139115,139117,139172,139177,139182,139189,139191,139206,139208,139264,139266,139304,139309,139311,139335,139338,139351,139356,139358,139390,139392,139425,139431,139436,139439,139449,139452,139454,139510,139512,139562,139565,139573,139576,139632,139634,139707,139720,139728,139732,139743,139746,139749,139802,139804,139836,139839,139893,139895,139930,139933,139938,139943,139948,139951,139953,140011,140013,140047,140049,140064,140067,140069,140111,140113,140139,140144,140152,140155,140157,140239,140241,140292,140295,140306,140314,140316,140389,140391,140409,140413,140416,140420,140447,140449,140457,140461,140496,140498,140511,140515,140518,140557,140559,140576,140581,140586,140597,140600,140611,140613,140615,140641,140644,140693,140695,140712,140715,140717,140769,140771,140803,140806,140864,140869,140871,140876,140979,140981,140995,140997,141004,141009,141014,141019,141024,141029,141032,141036,141041,141043,141069],[10,139092,123096,139094,11075],{"id":139093},"python-string-split-method",[18,139095,60285],{},[14,139097,123101,139098,139100],{},[18,139099,60285],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139102,139103],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[26,139105,139106,139109,139112],{},[29,139107,139108],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[29,139110,139111],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[29,139113,139114],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[47,139116,50],{"id":49},[52,139118,139120],{"className":54,"code":139119,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,139121,139122,139135,139157,139167],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139123,139124,139126,139128,139130,139133],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139125,517],{"class":67},[61,139127,72],{"class":71},[61,139129,522],{"class":190},[61,139131,139132],{"class":194},"apple,banana,cherry",[61,139134,528],{"class":190},[61,139136,139137,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139138,42594],{"class":67},[61,139140,72],{"class":71},[61,139142,42599],{"class":67},[61,139144,244],{"class":75},[61,139146,34225],{"class":112},[61,139148,109],{"class":75},[61,139150,816],{"class":190},[61,139152,83],{"class":194},[61,139154,816],{"class":190},[61,139156,116],{"class":75},[61,139158,139159,139161,139163,139165],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,139160,130],{"class":129},[61,139162,109],{"class":75},[61,139164,42626],{"class":112},[61,139166,116],{"class":75},[61,139168,139169],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,139170,139171],{"class":3420},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139173,204,139174,139176],{},[18,139175,60285],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[47,139178,3435,139180,3438],{"id":139179},"what-split-does",[18,139181,60285],{},[14,139183,139184,132142,139186,244],{},[18,139185,60285],{},[603,139187,139188],{},"string method",[14,139190,219],{},[26,139192,139193,139196,139201],{},[29,139194,139195],{},"divides a string into parts",[29,139197,119398,139198],{},[603,139199,139200],{},"new list of strings",[29,139202,119404,139203,139205],{},[603,139204,605],{}," change the original string",[14,139207,1109],{},[52,139209,139211],{"className":54,"code":139210,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139212,139213,139226,139240,139244,139254],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139214,139215,139217,139219,139221,139224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139216,517],{"class":67},[61,139218,72],{"class":71},[61,139220,522],{"class":190},[61,139222,139223],{"class":194},"red blue green",[61,139225,528],{"class":190},[61,139227,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236,139238],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139229,42594],{"class":67},[61,139231,72],{"class":71},[61,139233,42599],{"class":67},[61,139235,244],{"class":75},[61,139237,34225],{"class":112},[61,139239,263],{"class":75},[61,139241,139242],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,139243,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,139245,139246,139248,139250,139252],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,139247,130],{"class":129},[61,139249,109],{"class":75},[61,139251,541],{"class":112},[61,139253,116],{"class":75},[61,139255,139256,139258,139260,139262],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,139257,130],{"class":129},[61,139259,109],{"class":75},[61,139261,42626],{"class":112},[61,139263,116],{"class":75},[14,139265,157],{},[52,139267,139269],{"className":54,"code":139268,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,139270,139271,139276],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139272,139273],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139274,139275],{"class":67},"red blue green\n",[61,139277,139278,139280,139282,139284,139286,139288,139290,139292,139294,139296,139298,139300,139302],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139279,3658],{"class":75},[61,139281,198],{"class":190},[61,139283,12848],{"class":194},[61,139285,198],{"class":190},[61,139287,83],{"class":75},[61,139289,191],{"class":190},[61,139291,12865],{"class":194},[61,139293,198],{"class":190},[61,139295,83],{"class":75},[61,139297,191],{"class":190},[61,139299,17212],{"class":194},[61,139301,198],{"class":190},[61,139303,94],{"class":75},[14,139305,139306,139307,244],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[235,139308,124849],{"href":50733},[47,139310,248],{"id":247},[52,139312,139314],{"className":54,"code":139313,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[18,139315,139316],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139317,139318,139320,139322,139324,139326,139328,139330,139333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139319,60928],{"class":67},[61,139321,244],{"class":75},[61,139323,34225],{"class":112},[61,139325,109],{"class":75},[61,139327,133498],{"class":112},[61,139329,83],{"class":75},[61,139331,139332],{"class":112}," maxsplit",[61,139334,116],{"class":75},[14,139336,139337],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[26,139339,139340,139345],{},[29,139341,139342,139344],{},[18,139343,133498],{}," tells Python where to split",[29,139346,139347,139350],{},[18,139348,139349],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139352,8634,139353,139355],{},[18,139354,133498],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139357,1109],{},[52,139359,139361],{"className":54,"code":139360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,139362,139363,139376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139364,139365,139367,139369,139371,139374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139366,517],{"class":67},[61,139368,72],{"class":71},[61,139370,522],{"class":190},[61,139372,139373],{"class":194},"one two three",[61,139375,528],{"class":190},[61,139377,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139379,130],{"class":129},[61,139381,109],{"class":75},[61,139383,541],{"class":112},[61,139385,244],{"class":75},[61,139387,34225],{"class":112},[61,139389,6955],{"class":75},[14,139391,157],{},[52,139393,139395],{"className":54,"code":139394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[18,139396,139397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139398,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415,139417,139419,139421,139423],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139400,3658],{"class":75},[61,139402,198],{"class":190},[61,139404,6345],{"class":194},[61,139406,198],{"class":190},[61,139408,83],{"class":75},[61,139410,191],{"class":190},[61,139412,79017],{"class":194},[61,139414,198],{"class":190},[61,139416,83],{"class":75},[61,139418,191],{"class":190},[61,139420,133980],{"class":194},[61,139422,198],{"class":190},[61,139424,94],{"class":75},[47,139426,8175,139428,139430],{"id":139427},"using-split-with-no-separator",[18,139429,60285],{}," with no separator",[14,139432,69920,139433,139435],{},[18,139434,60285],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139437,139438],{},"Whitespace includes:",[26,139440,139441,139443,139446],{},[29,139442,10204],{},[29,139444,139445],{},"tabs",[29,139447,139448],{},"new lines",[14,139450,139451],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139453,1109],{},[52,139455,139457],{"className":54,"code":139456,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139458,139459,139482,139496,139500],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139460,139461,139463,139465,139467,139470,139473,139475,139477,139480],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139462,517],{"class":67},[61,139464,72],{"class":71},[61,139466,522],{"class":190},[61,139468,139469],{"class":194},"Python   is",[61,139471,139472],{"class":34209},"\\t",[61,139474,133234],{"class":194},[61,139476,86898],{"class":34209},[61,139478,139479],{"class":194},"and useful",[61,139481,528],{"class":190},[61,139483,139484,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139485,42594],{"class":67},[61,139487,72],{"class":71},[61,139489,42599],{"class":67},[61,139491,244],{"class":75},[61,139493,34225],{"class":112},[61,139495,263],{"class":75},[61,139497,139498],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,139499,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,139501,139502,139504,139506,139508],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,139503,130],{"class":129},[61,139505,109],{"class":75},[61,139507,42626],{"class":112},[61,139509,116],{"class":75},[14,139511,157],{},[52,139513,139515],{"className":54,"code":139514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[18,139516,139517],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139518,139519,139521,139523,139525,139527,139529,139531,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549,139551,139553,139555,139558,139560],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139520,3658],{"class":75},[61,139522,198],{"class":190},[61,139524,7057],{"class":194},[61,139526,198],{"class":190},[61,139528,83],{"class":75},[61,139530,191],{"class":190},[61,139532,11948],{"class":194},[61,139534,198],{"class":190},[61,139536,83],{"class":75},[61,139538,191],{"class":190},[61,139540,133234],{"class":194},[61,139542,198],{"class":190},[61,139544,83],{"class":75},[61,139546,191],{"class":190},[61,139548,129859],{"class":194},[61,139550,198],{"class":190},[61,139552,83],{"class":75},[61,139554,191],{"class":190},[61,139556,139557],{"class":194},"useful",[61,139559,198],{"class":190},[61,139561,94],{"class":75},[14,139563,139564],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[408,139566,139568,10337,139570],{"id":139567},"split-vs-split",[18,139569,60285],{},[18,139571,139572],{},"split(' ')",[14,139574,139575],{},"These are not the same.",[52,139577,139579],{"className":54,"code":139578,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[18,139580,139581,139594,139598,139612],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139582,139583,139585,139587,139589,139592],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139584,517],{"class":67},[61,139586,72],{"class":71},[61,139588,522],{"class":190},[61,139590,139591],{"class":194},"a  b   c",[61,139593,528],{"class":190},[61,139595,139596],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139597,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,139599,139600,139602,139604,139606,139608,139610],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,139601,130],{"class":129},[61,139603,109],{"class":75},[61,139605,541],{"class":112},[61,139607,244],{"class":75},[61,139609,34225],{"class":112},[61,139611,6955],{"class":75},[61,139613,139614,139616,139618,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,139615,130],{"class":129},[61,139617,109],{"class":75},[61,139619,541],{"class":112},[61,139621,244],{"class":75},[61,139623,34225],{"class":112},[61,139625,109],{"class":75},[61,139627,816],{"class":190},[61,139629,522],{"class":190},[61,139631,154],{"class":75},[14,139633,157],{},[52,139635,139637],{"className":54,"code":139636,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[18,139638,139639,139667],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139640,139641,139643,139645,139647,139649,139651,139653,139655,139657,139659,139661,139663,139665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139642,3658],{"class":75},[61,139644,198],{"class":190},[61,139646,235],{"class":194},[61,139648,198],{"class":190},[61,139650,83],{"class":75},[61,139652,191],{"class":190},[61,139654,1480],{"class":194},[61,139656,198],{"class":190},[61,139658,83],{"class":75},[61,139660,191],{"class":190},[61,139662,573],{"class":194},[61,139664,198],{"class":190},[61,139666,94],{"class":75},[61,139668,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691,139693,139695,139697,139699,139701,139703,139705],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139670,3658],{"class":75},[61,139672,198],{"class":190},[61,139674,235],{"class":194},[61,139676,198],{"class":190},[61,139678,83],{"class":75},[61,139680,3596],{"class":190},[61,139682,83],{"class":75},[61,139684,191],{"class":190},[61,139686,1480],{"class":194},[61,139688,198],{"class":190},[61,139690,83],{"class":75},[61,139692,3596],{"class":190},[61,139694,83],{"class":75},[61,139696,3596],{"class":190},[61,139698,83],{"class":75},[61,139700,191],{"class":190},[61,139702,573],{"class":194},[61,139704,198],{"class":190},[61,139706,94],{"class":75},[26,139708,139709,139714],{},[29,139710,139711,139713],{},[18,139712,60285],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[29,139715,139716,139719],{},[18,139717,139718],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139721,139722,139723,139727],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[235,139724,126094,139725,10492],{"href":136664},[18,139726,41410],{}," is often useful.",[47,139729,139731],{"id":139730},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139733,139734,139735,1951,139738,1955,139740,244],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[18,139736,139737],{},"\",\"",[18,139739,133333],{},[18,139741,139742],{},"\"::\"",[14,139744,139745],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139747,139748],{},"Example with commas:",[52,139750,139752],{"className":54,"code":139751,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139753,139754,139766,139788,139792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139755,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139757,517],{"class":67},[61,139759,72],{"class":71},[61,139761,522],{"class":190},[61,139763,139132],{"class":194},[61,139765,528],{"class":190},[61,139767,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784,139786],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139769,42594],{"class":67},[61,139771,72],{"class":71},[61,139773,42599],{"class":67},[61,139775,244],{"class":75},[61,139777,34225],{"class":112},[61,139779,109],{"class":75},[61,139781,816],{"class":190},[61,139783,83],{"class":194},[61,139785,816],{"class":190},[61,139787,116],{"class":75},[61,139789,139790],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,139791,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,139793,139794,139796,139798,139800],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,139795,130],{"class":129},[61,139797,109],{"class":75},[61,139799,42626],{"class":112},[61,139801,116],{"class":75},[14,139803,157],{},[52,139805,139806],{"className":54,"code":78196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,139807,139808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139809,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818,139820,139822,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832,139834],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139811,3658],{"class":75},[61,139813,198],{"class":190},[61,139815,3838],{"class":194},[61,139817,198],{"class":190},[61,139819,83],{"class":75},[61,139821,191],{"class":190},[61,139823,3847],{"class":194},[61,139825,198],{"class":190},[61,139827,83],{"class":75},[61,139829,191],{"class":190},[61,139831,3856],{"class":194},[61,139833,198],{"class":190},[61,139835,94],{"class":75},[14,139837,139838],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[52,139840,139842],{"className":54,"code":139841,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139843,139844,139857,139879,139883],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139845,139846,139848,139850,139852,139855],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139847,517],{"class":67},[61,139849,72],{"class":71},[61,139851,522],{"class":190},[61,139853,139854],{"class":194},"2024::10::31",[61,139856,528],{"class":190},[61,139858,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139860,42594],{"class":67},[61,139862,72],{"class":71},[61,139864,42599],{"class":67},[61,139866,244],{"class":75},[61,139868,34225],{"class":112},[61,139870,109],{"class":75},[61,139872,816],{"class":190},[61,139874,76413],{"class":194},[61,139876,816],{"class":190},[61,139878,116],{"class":75},[61,139880,139881],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,139882,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,139884,139885,139887,139889,139891],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,139886,130],{"class":129},[61,139888,109],{"class":75},[61,139890,42626],{"class":112},[61,139892,116],{"class":75},[14,139894,157],{},[52,139896,139898],{"className":54,"code":139897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[18,139899,139900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139901,139902,139904,139906,139909,139911,139913,139915,139917,139919,139921,139923,139926,139928],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139903,3658],{"class":75},[61,139905,198],{"class":190},[61,139907,139908],{"class":194},"2024",[61,139910,198],{"class":190},[61,139912,83],{"class":75},[61,139914,191],{"class":190},[61,139916,430],{"class":194},[61,139918,198],{"class":190},[61,139920,83],{"class":75},[61,139922,191],{"class":190},[61,139924,139925],{"class":194},"31",[61,139927,198],{"class":190},[61,139929,94],{"class":75},[14,139931,139932],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,139934,139935,139936,244],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[235,139937,128778],{"href":128777},[47,139939,8175,139941],{"id":139940},"using-maxsplit",[18,139942,139349],{},[14,139944,139945,139947],{},[18,139946,139349],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,139949,139950],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,139952,1109],{},[52,139954,139956],{"className":54,"code":139955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139957,139958,139971,139997,140001],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139959,139960,139962,139964,139966,139969],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139961,517],{"class":67},[61,139963,72],{"class":71},[61,139965,522],{"class":190},[61,139967,139968],{"class":194},"name:age:city:country",[61,139970,528],{"class":190},[61,139972,139973,139975,139977,139979,139981,139983,139985,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,139974,42594],{"class":67},[61,139976,72],{"class":71},[61,139978,42599],{"class":67},[61,139980,244],{"class":75},[61,139982,34225],{"class":112},[61,139984,109],{"class":75},[61,139986,816],{"class":190},[61,139988,824],{"class":194},[61,139990,816],{"class":190},[61,139992,83],{"class":75},[61,139994,86],{"class":79},[61,139996,116],{"class":75},[61,139998,139999],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,140000,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,140002,140003,140005,140007,140009],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,140004,130],{"class":129},[61,140006,109],{"class":75},[61,140008,42626],{"class":112},[61,140010,116],{"class":75},[14,140012,157],{},[52,140014,140016],{"className":54,"code":140015,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[18,140017,140018],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140019,140020,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040,140043,140045],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140021,3658],{"class":75},[61,140023,198],{"class":190},[61,140025,819],{"class":194},[61,140027,198],{"class":190},[61,140029,83],{"class":75},[61,140031,191],{"class":190},[61,140033,838],{"class":194},[61,140035,198],{"class":190},[61,140037,83],{"class":75},[61,140039,191],{"class":190},[61,140041,140042],{"class":194},"city:country",[61,140044,198],{"class":190},[61,140046,94],{"class":75},[14,140048,1941],{},[26,140050,140051,140056,140061],{},[29,140052,140053,140054],{},"Python splits at the first ",[18,140055,824],{},[29,140057,140058,140059],{},"then splits at the second ",[18,140060,824],{},[29,140062,140063],{},"then stops",[14,140065,140066],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140068,51838],{},[52,140070,140072],{"className":54,"code":140071,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[18,140073,140074,140087],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140075,140076,140078,140080,140082,140085],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140077,517],{"class":67},[61,140079,72],{"class":71},[61,140081,522],{"class":190},[61,140083,140084],{"class":194},"apple banana cherry grape",[61,140086,528],{"class":190},[61,140088,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101,140103,140105,140107,140109],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140090,130],{"class":129},[61,140092,109],{"class":75},[61,140094,541],{"class":112},[61,140096,244],{"class":75},[61,140098,34225],{"class":112},[61,140100,109],{"class":75},[61,140102,816],{"class":190},[61,140104,522],{"class":190},[61,140106,83],{"class":75},[61,140108,680],{"class":79},[61,140110,154],{"class":75},[14,140112,157],{},[52,140114,140116],{"className":54,"code":140115,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[18,140117,140118],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140119,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128,140130,140132,140135,140137],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140121,3658],{"class":75},[61,140123,198],{"class":190},[61,140125,3838],{"class":194},[61,140127,198],{"class":190},[61,140129,83],{"class":75},[61,140131,191],{"class":190},[61,140133,140134],{"class":194},"banana cherry grape",[61,140136,198],{"class":190},[61,140138,94],{"class":75},[47,140140,3435,140142,11459],{"id":140141},"what-split-returns",[18,140143,60285],{},[14,140145,140146,140147,140149,140150,244],{},"The result of ",[18,140148,60285],{}," is always a ",[603,140151,7852],{},[14,140153,140154],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140156,1109],{},[52,140158,140160],{"className":54,"code":140159,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[18,140161,140162,140175,140197,140201,140211,140225],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140163,140164,140166,140168,140170,140173],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140165,517],{"class":67},[61,140167,72],{"class":71},[61,140169,522],{"class":190},[61,140171,140172],{"class":194},"cat,dog,bird",[61,140174,528],{"class":190},[61,140176,140177,140179,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140178,42594],{"class":67},[61,140180,72],{"class":71},[61,140182,42599],{"class":67},[61,140184,244],{"class":75},[61,140186,34225],{"class":112},[61,140188,109],{"class":75},[61,140190,816],{"class":190},[61,140192,83],{"class":194},[61,140194,816],{"class":190},[61,140196,116],{"class":75},[61,140198,140199],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,140200,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,140202,140203,140205,140207,140209],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,140204,130],{"class":129},[61,140206,109],{"class":75},[61,140208,42626],{"class":112},[61,140210,116],{"class":75},[61,140212,140213,140215,140217,140219,140221,140223],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,140214,130],{"class":129},[61,140216,109],{"class":75},[61,140218,147],{"class":105},[61,140220,109],{"class":75},[61,140222,42626],{"class":112},[61,140224,154],{"class":75},[61,140226,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,140228,130],{"class":129},[61,140230,109],{"class":75},[61,140232,42626],{"class":112},[61,140234,3658],{"class":75},[61,140236,675],{"class":79},[61,140238,1137],{"class":75},[14,140240,157],{},[52,140242,140244],{"className":54,"code":140243,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[18,140245,140246,140274,140288],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140247,140248,140250,140252,140254,140256,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140249,3658],{"class":75},[61,140251,198],{"class":190},[61,140253,525],{"class":194},[61,140255,198],{"class":190},[61,140257,83],{"class":75},[61,140259,191],{"class":190},[61,140261,57886],{"class":194},[61,140263,198],{"class":190},[61,140265,83],{"class":75},[61,140267,191],{"class":190},[61,140269,57903],{"class":194},[61,140271,198],{"class":190},[61,140273,94],{"class":75},[61,140275,140276,140278,140280,140282,140284,140286],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140277,183],{"class":71},[61,140279,187],{"class":186},[61,140281,191],{"class":190},[61,140283,7852],{"class":194},[61,140285,198],{"class":190},[61,140287,201],{"class":71},[61,140289,140290],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,140291,85214],{"class":67},[14,140293,140294],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[26,140296,140297,140300,140303],{},[29,140298,140299],{},"loop over it",[29,140301,140302],{},"access items by index",[29,140304,140305],{},"combine items again later",[14,140307,140308,140309,244],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[235,140310,126094,140312,10492],{"href":140311},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[18,140313,133176],{},[14,140315,1109],{},[52,140317,140319],{"className":54,"code":140318,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140320,140321,140353,140375,140379],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140322,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140324,42594],{"class":67},[61,140326,72],{"class":71},[61,140328,76],{"class":75},[61,140330,198],{"class":190},[61,140332,525],{"class":194},[61,140334,198],{"class":190},[61,140336,83],{"class":75},[61,140338,191],{"class":190},[61,140340,57886],{"class":194},[61,140342,198],{"class":190},[61,140344,83],{"class":75},[61,140346,191],{"class":190},[61,140348,57903],{"class":194},[61,140350,198],{"class":190},[61,140352,94],{"class":75},[61,140354,140355,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140356,517],{"class":67},[61,140358,72],{"class":71},[61,140360,522],{"class":190},[61,140362,1786],{"class":194},[61,140364,816],{"class":190},[61,140366,244],{"class":75},[61,140368,133253],{"class":112},[61,140370,109],{"class":75},[61,140372,42626],{"class":112},[61,140374,116],{"class":75},[61,140376,140377],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,140378,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,140380,140381,140383,140385,140387],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,140382,130],{"class":129},[61,140384,109],{"class":75},[61,140386,541],{"class":112},[61,140388,116],{"class":75},[14,140390,157],{},[52,140392,140394],{"className":54,"code":140393,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cat-dog-bird\n",[18,140395,140396],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140397,140398,140400,140402,140404,140406],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140399,525],{"class":67},[61,140401,1786],{"class":71},[61,140403,57886],{"class":67},[61,140405,1786],{"class":71},[61,140407,140408],{"class":67},"bird\n",[47,140410,140412],{"id":140411},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140414,140415],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[408,140417,140419],{"id":140418},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[52,140421,140423],{"className":54,"code":140422,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,140424,140425,140433],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140426,140427,140429,140431],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140428,517],{"class":67},[61,140430,72],{"class":71},[61,140432,7639],{"class":190},[61,140434,140435,140437,140439,140441,140443,140445],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140436,130],{"class":129},[61,140438,109],{"class":75},[61,140440,541],{"class":112},[61,140442,244],{"class":75},[61,140444,34225],{"class":112},[61,140446,6955],{"class":75},[14,140448,157],{},[52,140450,140451],{"className":54,"code":38053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,140452,140453],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140454,140455],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140456,38053],{"class":75},[408,140458,140460],{"id":140459},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[52,140462,140464],{"className":54,"code":140463,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140465,140466,140474],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140467,140468,140470,140472],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140469,517],{"class":67},[61,140471,72],{"class":71},[61,140473,7639],{"class":190},[61,140475,140476,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488,140490,140492,140494],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140477,130],{"class":129},[61,140479,109],{"class":75},[61,140481,541],{"class":112},[61,140483,244],{"class":75},[61,140485,34225],{"class":112},[61,140487,109],{"class":75},[61,140489,816],{"class":190},[61,140491,83],{"class":194},[61,140493,816],{"class":190},[61,140495,154],{"class":75},[14,140497,157],{},[52,140499,140501],{"className":54,"code":140500,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['']\n",[18,140502,140503],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140504,140505,140507,140509],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140506,3658],{"class":75},[61,140508,3531],{"class":190},[61,140510,94],{"class":75},[408,140512,140514],{"id":140513},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140516,140517],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[52,140519,140521],{"className":54,"code":140520,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140522,140523,140535],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140524,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140526,517],{"class":67},[61,140528,72],{"class":71},[61,140530,522],{"class":190},[61,140532,1323],{"class":194},[61,140534,528],{"class":190},[61,140536,140537,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140538,130],{"class":129},[61,140540,109],{"class":75},[61,140542,541],{"class":112},[61,140544,244],{"class":75},[61,140546,34225],{"class":112},[61,140548,109],{"class":75},[61,140550,816],{"class":190},[61,140552,83],{"class":194},[61,140554,816],{"class":190},[61,140556,154],{"class":75},[14,140558,157],{},[52,140560,140562],{"className":54,"code":140561,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['hello']\n",[18,140563,140564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140565,140566,140568,140570,140572,140574],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140567,3658],{"class":75},[61,140569,198],{"class":190},[61,140571,1323],{"class":194},[61,140573,198],{"class":190},[61,140575,94],{"class":75},[47,140577,4723,140579],{"id":140578},"when-to-use-split",[18,140580,60285],{},[14,140582,204,140583,140585],{},[18,140584,60285],{}," when you need to:",[26,140587,140588,140591,140594],{},[29,140589,140590],{},"split a sentence into words",[29,140592,140593],{},"split comma-separated values",[29,140595,140596],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140598,140599],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[26,140601,140602,140605,140608],{},[29,140603,140604],{},"cleaning text",[29,140606,140607],{},"parsing user input",[29,140609,140610],{},"processing simple file content",[47,140612,2590],{"id":2589},[14,140614,83985],{},[26,140616,140617,140621,140627,140630,140638],{},[29,140618,50263,140619,131314],{},[18,140620,60285],{},[29,140622,140623,140624,140626],{},"forgetting that ",[18,140625,60285],{}," returns a list, not a string",[29,140628,140629],{},"using the wrong separator",[29,140631,140632,140633,140635,140636],{},"assuming ",[18,140634,139572],{}," behaves the same as ",[18,140637,60285],{},[29,140639,140640],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140642,140643],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[52,140645,140647],{"className":54,"code":140646,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140648,140649,140661,140679,140683],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140650,140651,140653,140655,140657,140659],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140652,517],{"class":67},[61,140654,72],{"class":71},[61,140656,522],{"class":190},[61,140658,42587],{"class":194},[61,140660,528],{"class":190},[61,140662,140663,140665,140667,140669,140671,140673,140675,140677],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140664,541],{"class":67},[61,140666,244],{"class":75},[61,140668,34225],{"class":112},[61,140670,109],{"class":75},[61,140672,816],{"class":190},[61,140674,83],{"class":194},[61,140676,816],{"class":190},[61,140678,116],{"class":75},[61,140680,140681],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,140682,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,140684,140685,140687,140689,140691],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,140686,130],{"class":129},[61,140688,109],{"class":75},[61,140690,541],{"class":112},[61,140692,116],{"class":75},[14,140694,157],{},[52,140696,140698],{"className":54,"code":140697,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a,b,c\n",[18,140699,140700],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140701,140702,140704,140706,140708,140710],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140703,235],{"class":67},[61,140705,83],{"class":75},[61,140707,1480],{"class":67},[61,140709,83],{"class":75},[61,140711,68992],{"class":67},[14,140713,140714],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140716,10559],{},[52,140718,140719],{"className":54,"code":42574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,140720,140721,140733,140755,140759],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140722,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140724,517],{"class":67},[61,140726,72],{"class":71},[61,140728,522],{"class":190},[61,140730,42587],{"class":194},[61,140732,528],{"class":190},[61,140734,140735,140737,140739,140741,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140736,42594],{"class":67},[61,140738,72],{"class":71},[61,140740,42599],{"class":67},[61,140742,244],{"class":75},[61,140744,34225],{"class":112},[61,140746,109],{"class":75},[61,140748,816],{"class":190},[61,140750,83],{"class":194},[61,140752,816],{"class":190},[61,140754,116],{"class":75},[61,140756,140757],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,140758,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,140760,140761,140763,140765,140767],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,140762,130],{"class":129},[61,140764,109],{"class":75},[61,140766,42626],{"class":112},[61,140768,116],{"class":75},[14,140770,157],{},[52,140772,140773],{"className":54,"code":42633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,140774,140775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140776,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789,140791,140793,140795,140797,140799,140801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140778,3658],{"class":75},[61,140780,198],{"class":190},[61,140782,235],{"class":194},[61,140784,198],{"class":190},[61,140786,83],{"class":75},[61,140788,191],{"class":190},[61,140790,1480],{"class":194},[61,140792,198],{"class":190},[61,140794,83],{"class":75},[61,140796,191],{"class":190},[61,140798,573],{"class":194},[61,140800,198],{"class":190},[61,140802,94],{"class":75},[14,140804,140805],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[52,140807,140809],{"className":54,"code":140808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[18,140810,140811,140824,140846,140850],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140812,140813,140815,140817,140819,140822],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140814,517],{"class":67},[61,140816,72],{"class":71},[61,140818,522],{"class":190},[61,140820,140821],{"class":194},"apple,banana",[61,140823,528],{"class":190},[61,140825,140826,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140827,42594],{"class":67},[61,140829,72],{"class":71},[61,140831,42599],{"class":67},[61,140833,244],{"class":75},[61,140835,34225],{"class":112},[61,140837,109],{"class":75},[61,140839,816],{"class":190},[61,140841,83],{"class":194},[61,140843,816],{"class":190},[61,140845,116],{"class":75},[61,140847,140848],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,140849,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,140851,140852,140854,140856,140858,140860,140862],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,140853,130],{"class":129},[61,140855,109],{"class":75},[61,140857,42626],{"class":112},[61,140859,3658],{"class":75},[61,140861,1821],{"class":79},[61,140863,1137],{"class":75},[14,140865,140866,140867,244],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[235,140868,69005],{"href":69004},[408,140870,60464],{"id":60463},[14,140872,8634,140873,140875],{},[18,140874,60285],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[52,140877,140879],{"className":54,"code":140878,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[18,140880,140881,140891,140905,140927,140953],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140882,140883,140885,140887,140889],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140884,130],{"class":129},[61,140886,109],{"class":75},[61,140888,541],{"class":112},[61,140890,116],{"class":75},[61,140892,140893,140895,140897,140899,140901,140903],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,140894,130],{"class":129},[61,140896,109],{"class":75},[61,140898,541],{"class":112},[61,140900,244],{"class":75},[61,140902,34225],{"class":112},[61,140904,6955],{"class":75},[61,140906,140907,140909,140911,140913,140915,140917,140919,140921,140923,140925],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,140908,130],{"class":129},[61,140910,109],{"class":75},[61,140912,541],{"class":112},[61,140914,244],{"class":75},[61,140916,34225],{"class":112},[61,140918,109],{"class":75},[61,140920,198],{"class":190},[61,140922,83],{"class":194},[61,140924,198],{"class":190},[61,140926,154],{"class":75},[61,140928,140929,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945,140947,140949,140951],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,140930,130],{"class":129},[61,140932,109],{"class":75},[61,140934,10914],{"class":129},[61,140936,109],{"class":75},[61,140938,541],{"class":112},[61,140940,244],{"class":75},[61,140942,34225],{"class":112},[61,140944,109],{"class":75},[61,140946,198],{"class":190},[61,140948,83],{"class":194},[61,140950,198],{"class":190},[61,140952,2672],{"class":75},[61,140954,140955,140957,140959,140961,140963,140965,140967,140969,140971,140973,140975,140977],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,140956,130],{"class":129},[61,140958,109],{"class":75},[61,140960,147],{"class":105},[61,140962,109],{"class":75},[61,140964,541],{"class":112},[61,140966,244],{"class":75},[61,140968,34225],{"class":112},[61,140970,109],{"class":75},[61,140972,198],{"class":190},[61,140974,83],{"class":194},[61,140976,198],{"class":190},[61,140978,2672],{"class":75},[14,140980,10923],{},[26,140982,140983,140986,140989,140992],{},[29,140984,140985],{},"what the original string looks like",[29,140987,140988],{},"which separator works",[29,140990,140991],{},"how many items were created",[29,140993,140994],{},"that the result is a list",[47,140996,1620],{"id":1619},[408,140998,4943,141000,4154,141002,2251],{"id":140999},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[18,141001,60285],{},[18,141003,139572],{},[14,141005,141006,141008],{},[18,141007,60285],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141010,141011,141013],{},[18,141012,139572],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[408,141015,12459,141017,124423],{"id":141016},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[18,141018,60285],{},[14,141020,141021,141022,56237],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[18,141023,60285],{},[408,141025,4905,141027,39717],{"id":141026},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[18,141028,139349],{},[14,141030,141031],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[408,141033,141035],{"id":141034},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141037,28818,141038,141040],{},[18,141039,60285],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[47,141042,1664],{"id":1663},[26,141044,141045,141049,141055,141061,141065],{},[29,141046,141047],{},[235,141048,129699],{"href":128777},[29,141050,141051],{},[235,141052,126094,141053,10492],{"href":140311},[18,141054,133176],{},[29,141056,141057],{},[235,141058,126094,141059,10492],{"href":136664},[18,141060,41410],{},[29,141062,141063],{},[235,141064,124849],{"href":50733},[29,141066,141067],{},[235,141068,69005],{"href":69004},[1693,141070,141071],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":141073},[141074,141075,141077,141078,141083,141084,141086,141088,141093,141095,141098,141107],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":139179,"depth":97,"text":141076},"What split() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":139427,"depth":97,"text":141079,"children":141080},"Using split() with no separator",[141081],{"id":139567,"depth":119,"text":141082},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139730,"depth":97,"text":139731},{"id":139940,"depth":97,"text":141085},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140141,"depth":97,"text":141087},"What split() returns",{"id":140411,"depth":97,"text":140412,"children":141089},[141090,141091,141092],{"id":140418,"depth":119,"text":140419},{"id":140459,"depth":119,"text":140460},{"id":140513,"depth":119,"text":140514},{"id":140578,"depth":97,"text":141094},"When to use split()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":141096},[141097],{"id":60463,"depth":119,"text":60464},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":141099},[141100,141102,141104,141106],{"id":140999,"depth":119,"text":141101},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141016,"depth":119,"text":141103},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141026,"depth":119,"text":141105},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141034,"depth":119,"text":141035},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139088,"description":141108},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141115,"title":141116,"body":141117,"description":143060,"extension":1727,"meta":143061,"navigation":122,"path":143062,"seo":143063,"stem":143064,"__hash__":143065},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141118,"toc":143019},[141119,141124,141129,141136,141209,141214,141219,141224,141240,141242,141312,141314,141316,141336,141338,141383,141388,141390,141488,141493,141497,141502,141506,141509,141551,141555,141558,141603,141607,141610,141660,141664,141669,141721,141723,141728,141739,141744,141824,141826,141838,141847,141854,141869,141871,141986,141992,141996,141999,142004,142146,142149,142156,142158,142162,142170,142239,142245,142294,142299,142304,142306,142326,142328,142394,142396,142400,142403,142407,142448,142450,142483,142488,142491,142518,142520,142563,142570,142575,142585,142651,142655,142663,142668,142719,142723,142726,142728,142737,142739,142789,142791,142898,142900,142905,142912,142918,142921,142952,142957,142959,142966,142974,142983,142986,142988,143016],[10,141120,123096,141122,11075],{"id":141121},"python-string-startswith-method",[18,141123,127462],{},[14,141125,123101,141126,141128],{},[18,141127,127462],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141130,126160,141131,2638,141133,141135],{},[18,141132,3361],{},[18,141134,3431],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[52,141137,141139],{"className":54,"code":141138,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[18,141140,141141,141154,141158,141183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141142,141143,141145,141147,141149,141152],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141144,517],{"class":67},[61,141146,72],{"class":71},[61,141148,522],{"class":190},[61,141150,141151],{"class":194},"Python Beginner Help",[61,141153,528],{"class":190},[61,141155,141156],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141157,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,141159,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141171,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,141161,130],{"class":129},[61,141163,109],{"class":75},[61,141165,541],{"class":112},[61,141167,244],{"class":75},[61,141169,141170],{"class":112},"startswith",[61,141172,109],{"class":75},[61,141174,816],{"class":190},[61,141176,7057],{"class":194},[61,141178,816],{"class":190},[61,141180,5122],{"class":75},[61,141182,43613],{"class":3420},[61,141184,141185,141187,141189,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199,141202,141204,141206],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,141186,130],{"class":129},[61,141188,109],{"class":75},[61,141190,541],{"class":112},[61,141192,244],{"class":75},[61,141194,141170],{"class":112},[61,141196,109],{"class":75},[61,141198,816],{"class":190},[61,141200,141201],{"class":194},"Beginner",[61,141203,816],{"class":190},[61,141205,5122],{"class":75},[61,141207,141208],{"class":3420}," # False\n",[14,141210,204,141211,141213],{},[18,141212,127462],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[47,141215,3435,141217,3438],{"id":141216},"what-startswith-does",[18,141218,127462],{},[14,141220,141221,141223],{},[18,141222,127462],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[26,141225,141226,141229,141235,141237],{},[29,141227,141228],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[29,141230,4911,141231,2638,141233],{},[18,141232,3361],{},[18,141234,3431],{},[29,141236,123239],{},[29,141238,141239],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141241,1109],{},[52,141243,141245],{"className":54,"code":141244,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[18,141246,141247,141259,141263,141288],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141248,141249,141251,141253,141255,141257],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141250,7634],{"class":67},[61,141252,72],{"class":71},[61,141254,522],{"class":190},[61,141256,7057],{"class":194},[61,141258,528],{"class":190},[61,141260,141261],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141262,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,141264,141265,141267,141269,141271,141273,141275,141277,141279,141282,141284,141286],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,141266,130],{"class":129},[61,141268,109],{"class":75},[61,141270,819],{"class":112},[61,141272,244],{"class":75},[61,141274,141170],{"class":112},[61,141276,109],{"class":75},[61,141278,816],{"class":190},[61,141280,141281],{"class":194},"Py",[61,141283,816],{"class":190},[61,141285,5122],{"class":75},[61,141287,43613],{"class":3420},[61,141289,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304,141306,141308,141310],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,141291,130],{"class":129},[61,141293,109],{"class":75},[61,141295,819],{"class":112},[61,141297,244],{"class":75},[61,141299,141170],{"class":112},[61,141301,109],{"class":75},[61,141303,816],{"class":190},[61,141305,128540],{"class":194},[61,141307,816],{"class":190},[61,141309,5122],{"class":75},[61,141311,43630],{"class":3420},[47,141313,248],{"id":247},[14,141315,42142],{},[52,141317,141319],{"className":54,"code":141318,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[18,141320,141321],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141322,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141334],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141324,60928],{"class":67},[61,141326,244],{"class":75},[61,141328,141170],{"class":112},[61,141330,109],{"class":75},[61,141332,141333],{"class":112},"prefix",[61,141335,116],{"class":75},[14,141337,30519],{},[52,141339,141341],{"className":54,"code":141340,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[18,141342,141343,141361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141344,141345,141347,141349,141351,141353,141355,141357,141359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141346,60928],{"class":67},[61,141348,244],{"class":75},[61,141350,141170],{"class":112},[61,141352,109],{"class":75},[61,141354,141333],{"class":112},[61,141356,83],{"class":75},[61,141358,35808],{"class":112},[61,141360,116],{"class":75},[61,141362,141363,141365,141367,141369,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141364,60928],{"class":67},[61,141366,244],{"class":75},[61,141368,141170],{"class":112},[61,141370,109],{"class":75},[61,141372,141333],{"class":112},[61,141374,83],{"class":75},[61,141376,35808],{"class":112},[61,141378,83],{"class":75},[61,141380,64786],{"class":112},[61,141382,116],{"class":75},[14,141384,20527,141385,141387],{},[18,141386,141333],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141389,1109],{},[52,141391,141393],{"className":54,"code":141392,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[18,141394,141395,141407,141411,141436,141460],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141396,141397,141399,141401,141403,141405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141398,517],{"class":67},[61,141400,72],{"class":71},[61,141402,522],{"class":190},[61,141404,60164],{"class":194},[61,141406,528],{"class":190},[61,141408,141409],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141410,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,141412,141413,141415,141417,141419,141421,141423,141425,141427,141429,141431,141433],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,141414,130],{"class":129},[61,141416,109],{"class":75},[61,141418,541],{"class":112},[61,141420,244],{"class":75},[61,141422,141170],{"class":112},[61,141424,109],{"class":75},[61,141426,816],{"class":190},[61,141428,1323],{"class":194},[61,141430,816],{"class":190},[61,141432,5122],{"class":75},[61,141434,141435],{"class":3420},"      # True\n",[61,141437,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452,141454,141456,141458],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,141439,130],{"class":129},[61,141441,109],{"class":75},[61,141443,541],{"class":112},[61,141445,244],{"class":75},[61,141447,141170],{"class":112},[61,141449,109],{"class":75},[61,141451,816],{"class":190},[61,141453,60345],{"class":194},[61,141455,816],{"class":190},[61,141457,5122],{"class":75},[61,141459,20957],{"class":3420},[61,141461,141462,141464,141466,141468,141470,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,141463,130],{"class":129},[61,141465,109],{"class":75},[61,141467,541],{"class":112},[61,141469,244],{"class":75},[61,141471,141170],{"class":112},[61,141473,109],{"class":75},[61,141475,816],{"class":190},[61,141477,60345],{"class":194},[61,141479,816],{"class":190},[61,141481,83],{"class":75},[61,141483,37400],{"class":79},[61,141485,5122],{"class":75},[61,141487,43613],{"class":3420},[14,141489,141490,141491,244],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[235,141492,124849],{"href":50733},[47,141494,141496],{"id":141495},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141498,141499,141501],{},[18,141500,127462],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[408,141503,141504],{"id":141333},[18,141505,141333],{},[14,141507,141508],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[52,141510,141512],{"className":54,"code":141511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[18,141513,141514,141526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141515,141516,141518,141520,141522,141524],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141517,517],{"class":67},[61,141519,72],{"class":71},[61,141521,522],{"class":190},[61,141523,3847],{"class":194},[61,141525,528],{"class":190},[61,141527,141528,141530,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540,141542,141545,141547,141549],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141529,130],{"class":129},[61,141531,109],{"class":75},[61,141533,541],{"class":112},[61,141535,244],{"class":75},[61,141537,141170],{"class":112},[61,141539,109],{"class":75},[61,141541,816],{"class":190},[61,141543,141544],{"class":194},"ban",[61,141546,816],{"class":190},[61,141548,5122],{"class":75},[61,141550,3421],{"class":3420},[408,141552,141553],{"id":35829},[18,141554,35829],{},[14,141556,141557],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[52,141559,141561],{"className":54,"code":141560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[18,141562,141563,141575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141564,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141566,517],{"class":67},[61,141568,72],{"class":71},[61,141570,522],{"class":190},[61,141572,60164],{"class":194},[61,141574,528],{"class":190},[61,141576,141577,141579,141581,141583,141585,141587,141589,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141578,130],{"class":129},[61,141580,109],{"class":75},[61,141582,541],{"class":112},[61,141584,244],{"class":75},[61,141586,141170],{"class":112},[61,141588,109],{"class":75},[61,141590,816],{"class":190},[61,141592,60345],{"class":194},[61,141594,816],{"class":190},[61,141596,83],{"class":75},[61,141598,37400],{"class":79},[61,141600,5122],{"class":75},[61,141602,3421],{"class":3420},[408,141604,141605],{"id":52418},[18,141606,52418],{},[14,141608,141609],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[52,141611,141613],{"className":54,"code":141612,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[18,141614,141615,141627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141616,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141618,517],{"class":67},[61,141620,72],{"class":71},[61,141622,522],{"class":190},[61,141624,60164],{"class":194},[61,141626,528],{"class":190},[61,141628,141629,141631,141633,141635,141637,141639,141641,141643,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141630,130],{"class":129},[61,141632,109],{"class":75},[61,141634,541],{"class":112},[61,141636,244],{"class":75},[61,141638,141170],{"class":112},[61,141640,109],{"class":75},[61,141642,816],{"class":190},[61,141644,141645],{"class":194},"wor",[61,141647,816],{"class":190},[61,141649,83],{"class":75},[61,141651,37400],{"class":79},[61,141653,83],{"class":75},[61,141655,53894],{"class":79},[61,141657,5122],{"class":75},[61,141659,3421],{"class":3420},[408,141661,141663],{"id":141662},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141665,141666,141668],{},[18,141667,141333],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[52,141670,141672],{"className":54,"code":141671,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[18,141673,141674,141687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141675,141676,141678,141680,141682,141685],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141677,126177],{"class":67},[61,141679,72],{"class":71},[61,141681,522],{"class":190},[61,141683,141684],{"class":194},"img_001.png",[61,141686,528],{"class":190},[61,141688,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701,141703,141706,141708,141710,141712,141715,141717,141719],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141690,130],{"class":129},[61,141692,109],{"class":75},[61,141694,126195],{"class":112},[61,141696,244],{"class":75},[61,141698,141170],{"class":112},[61,141700,1028],{"class":75},[61,141702,816],{"class":190},[61,141704,141705],{"class":194},"img_",[61,141707,816],{"class":190},[61,141709,83],{"class":75},[61,141711,522],{"class":190},[61,141713,141714],{"class":194},"photo_",[61,141716,816],{"class":190},[61,141718,50849],{"class":75},[61,141720,3421],{"class":3420},[47,141722,17175],{"id":17174},[14,141724,141725,141727],{},[18,141726,127462],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[26,141729,141730,141735],{},[29,141731,141732,141734],{},[18,141733,3361],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[29,141736,141737,126779],{},[18,141738,3431],{},[14,141740,141741,141742,6933],{},"This makes it useful in ",[18,141743,6758],{},[52,141745,141747],{"className":54,"code":141746,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[18,141748,141749,141763,141767,141788,141803,141809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141750,141751,141754,141756,141758,141761],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141752,141753],{"class":67},"command ",[61,141755,72],{"class":71},[61,141757,522],{"class":190},[61,141759,141760],{"class":194},"\u002Fhelp",[61,141762,528],{"class":190},[61,141764,141765],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141766,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,141768,141769,141771,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,141770,6758],{"class":3634},[61,141772,141773],{"class":67}," command",[61,141775,244],{"class":75},[61,141777,141170],{"class":112},[61,141779,109],{"class":75},[61,141781,816],{"class":190},[61,141783,126986],{"class":194},[61,141785,816],{"class":190},[61,141787,8099],{"class":75},[61,141789,141790,141792,141794,141796,141799,141801],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,141791,7827],{"class":129},[61,141793,109],{"class":75},[61,141795,816],{"class":190},[61,141797,141798],{"class":194},"This looks like a command.",[61,141800,816],{"class":190},[61,141802,116],{"class":75},[61,141804,141805,141807],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,141806,27190],{"class":3634},[61,141808,6152],{"class":75},[61,141810,141811,141813,141815,141817,141820,141822],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,141812,7827],{"class":129},[61,141814,109],{"class":75},[61,141816,816],{"class":190},[61,141818,141819],{"class":194},"This is normal text.",[61,141821,816],{"class":190},[61,141823,116],{"class":75},[14,141825,157],{},[52,141827,141829],{"className":54,"code":141828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This looks like a command.\n",[18,141830,141831],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141832,141833,141836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141834,141835],{"class":67},"This looks like a command",[61,141837,122128],{"class":75},[47,141839,8175,141841,8463,141843,4154,141845],{"id":141840},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[18,141842,127462],{},[18,141844,35829],{},[18,141846,52418],{},[14,141848,1744,141849,4154,141851,141853],{},[18,141850,35829],{},[18,141852,52418],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[26,141855,141856,141861,141866],{},[29,141857,141858,141860],{},[18,141859,35829],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[29,141862,141863,141865],{},[18,141864,52418],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[29,141867,141868],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,141870,1109],{},[52,141872,141874],{"className":54,"code":141873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[18,141875,141876,141888,141892,141921,141954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141877,141878,141880,141882,141884,141886],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141879,517],{"class":67},[61,141881,72],{"class":71},[61,141883,522],{"class":190},[61,141885,139373],{"class":194},[61,141887,528],{"class":190},[61,141889,141890],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,141891,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,141893,141894,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,141895,130],{"class":129},[61,141897,109],{"class":75},[61,141899,541],{"class":112},[61,141901,244],{"class":75},[61,141903,141170],{"class":112},[61,141905,109],{"class":75},[61,141907,816],{"class":190},[61,141909,79017],{"class":194},[61,141911,816],{"class":190},[61,141913,83],{"class":75},[61,141915,693],{"class":79},[61,141917,5122],{"class":75},[61,141919,141920],{"class":3420},"        # True\n",[61,141922,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945,141947,141950,141952],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,141924,130],{"class":129},[61,141926,109],{"class":75},[61,141928,541],{"class":112},[61,141930,244],{"class":75},[61,141932,141170],{"class":112},[61,141934,109],{"class":75},[61,141936,816],{"class":190},[61,141938,133980],{"class":194},[61,141940,816],{"class":190},[61,141942,83],{"class":75},[61,141944,6118],{"class":79},[61,141946,83],{"class":75},[61,141948,141949],{"class":79}," 13",[61,141951,5122],{"class":75},[61,141953,3421],{"class":3420},[61,141955,141956,141958,141960,141962,141964,141966,141968,141970,141972,141974,141976,141978,141980,141982,141984],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,141957,130],{"class":129},[61,141959,109],{"class":75},[61,141961,541],{"class":112},[61,141963,244],{"class":75},[61,141965,141170],{"class":112},[61,141967,109],{"class":75},[61,141969,816],{"class":190},[61,141971,133980],{"class":194},[61,141973,816],{"class":190},[61,141975,83],{"class":75},[61,141977,6118],{"class":79},[61,141979,83],{"class":75},[61,141981,30698],{"class":79},[61,141983,5122],{"class":75},[61,141985,4533],{"class":3420},[14,141987,141988,141989,141991],{},"In the last example, the ",[18,141990,52418],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[47,141993,141995],{"id":141994},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,141997,141998],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142000,142001,142002,49105],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[18,142003,40594],{},[52,142005,142007],{"className":54,"code":142006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[18,142008,142009,142023,142037,142051,142055,142079,142083,142104,142125],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142010,142011,142014,142016,142018,142021],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142012,142013],{"class":67},"filename1 ",[61,142015,72],{"class":71},[61,142017,522],{"class":190},[61,142019,142020],{"class":194},"img_101.jpg",[61,142022,528],{"class":190},[61,142024,142025,142028,142030,142032,142035],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142026,142027],{"class":67},"filename2 ",[61,142029,72],{"class":71},[61,142031,522],{"class":190},[61,142033,142034],{"class":194},"photo_202.jpg",[61,142036,528],{"class":190},[61,142038,142039,142042,142044,142046,142049],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,142040,142041],{"class":67},"filename3 ",[61,142043,72],{"class":71},[61,142045,522],{"class":190},[61,142047,142048],{"class":194},"doc_303.jpg",[61,142050,528],{"class":190},[61,142052,142053],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,142054,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,142056,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073,142075,142077],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,142058,127389],{"class":67},[61,142060,72],{"class":71},[61,142062,1048],{"class":75},[61,142064,816],{"class":190},[61,142066,141705],{"class":194},[61,142068,816],{"class":190},[61,142070,83],{"class":75},[61,142072,522],{"class":190},[61,142074,141714],{"class":194},[61,142076,816],{"class":190},[61,142078,116],{"class":75},[61,142080,142081],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,142082,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,142084,142085,142087,142089,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,142086,130],{"class":129},[61,142088,109],{"class":75},[61,142090,142091],{"class":112},"filename1",[61,142093,244],{"class":75},[61,142095,141170],{"class":112},[61,142097,109],{"class":75},[61,142099,127441],{"class":112},[61,142101,5122],{"class":75},[61,142103,3421],{"class":3420},[61,142105,142106,142108,142110,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,142107,130],{"class":129},[61,142109,109],{"class":75},[61,142111,142112],{"class":112},"filename2",[61,142114,244],{"class":75},[61,142116,141170],{"class":112},[61,142118,109],{"class":75},[61,142120,127441],{"class":112},[61,142122,5122],{"class":75},[61,142124,3421],{"class":3420},[61,142126,142127,142129,142131,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,142128,130],{"class":129},[61,142130,109],{"class":75},[61,142132,142133],{"class":112},"filename3",[61,142135,244],{"class":75},[61,142137,141170],{"class":112},[61,142139,109],{"class":75},[61,142141,127441],{"class":112},[61,142143,5122],{"class":75},[61,142145,4533],{"class":3420},[14,142147,142148],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142150,74518,142151,142155],{},[235,142152,126094,142153,10492],{"href":129688},[18,142154,126152],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[47,142157,123743],{"id":123742},[14,142159,142160,123554],{},[18,142161,127462],{},[14,142163,127139,142164,4154,142167,127146],{},[18,142165,142166],{},"\"Python\"",[18,142168,142169],{},"\"python\"",[52,142171,142173],{"className":54,"code":142172,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[18,142174,142175,142187,142191,142215],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142176,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142178,517],{"class":67},[61,142180,72],{"class":71},[61,142182,522],{"class":190},[61,142184,7057],{"class":194},[61,142186,528],{"class":190},[61,142188,142189],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142190,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,142192,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,142194,130],{"class":129},[61,142196,109],{"class":75},[61,142198,541],{"class":112},[61,142200,244],{"class":75},[61,142202,141170],{"class":112},[61,142204,109],{"class":75},[61,142206,816],{"class":190},[61,142208,141281],{"class":194},[61,142210,816],{"class":190},[61,142212,5122],{"class":75},[61,142214,3421],{"class":3420},[61,142216,142217,142219,142221,142223,142225,142227,142229,142231,142233,142235,142237],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,142218,130],{"class":129},[61,142220,109],{"class":75},[61,142222,541],{"class":112},[61,142224,244],{"class":75},[61,142226,141170],{"class":112},[61,142228,109],{"class":75},[61,142230,816],{"class":190},[61,142232,128540],{"class":194},[61,142234,816],{"class":190},[61,142236,5122],{"class":75},[61,142238,4533],{"class":3420},[14,142240,127231,142241,244],{},[235,142242,142243],{"href":123823},[18,142244,123826],{},[52,142246,142248],{"className":54,"code":142247,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[18,142249,142250,142262,142266],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142251,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142253,517],{"class":67},[61,142255,72],{"class":71},[61,142257,522],{"class":190},[61,142259,7057],{"class":194},[61,142261,528],{"class":190},[61,142263,142264],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142265,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,142267,142268,142270,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,142269,130],{"class":129},[61,142271,109],{"class":75},[61,142273,541],{"class":112},[61,142275,244],{"class":75},[61,142277,8399],{"class":112},[61,142279,8396],{"class":75},[61,142281,141170],{"class":112},[61,142283,109],{"class":75},[61,142285,816],{"class":190},[61,142287,128540],{"class":194},[61,142289,816],{"class":190},[61,142291,5122],{"class":75},[61,142293,3421],{"class":3420},[47,142295,4723,142297],{"id":142296},"when-to-use-startswith",[18,142298,127462],{},[14,142300,142301,142303],{},[18,142302,127462],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142305,9126],{},[26,142307,142308,142311,142314,142323],{},[29,142309,142310],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[29,142312,142313],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[29,142315,142316,142317,2638,142320],{},"Validating text formats like ",[18,142318,142319],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[18,142321,142322],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[29,142324,142325],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142327,1109],{},[52,142329,142331],{"className":54,"code":142330,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[18,142332,142333,142346,142350,142379],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142334,142335,142337,142339,142341,142344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142336,126957],{"class":67},[61,142338,72],{"class":71},[61,142340,522],{"class":190},[61,142342,142343],{"class":194},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[61,142345,528],{"class":190},[61,142347,142348],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142349,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,142351,142352,142354,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365,142367,142369,142371,142373,142375,142377],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,142353,6758],{"class":3634},[61,142355,142356],{"class":67}," url",[61,142358,244],{"class":75},[61,142360,141170],{"class":112},[61,142362,1028],{"class":75},[61,142364,816],{"class":190},[61,142366,142319],{"class":194},[61,142368,816],{"class":190},[61,142370,83],{"class":75},[61,142372,522],{"class":190},[61,142374,142322],{"class":194},[61,142376,816],{"class":190},[61,142378,69309],{"class":75},[61,142380,142381,142383,142385,142387,142390,142392],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,142382,7827],{"class":129},[61,142384,109],{"class":75},[61,142386,816],{"class":190},[61,142388,142389],{"class":194},"This looks like a web URL.",[61,142391,816],{"class":190},[61,142393,116],{"class":75},[47,142395,2590],{"id":2589},[14,142397,22852,142398,244],{},[18,142399,127462],{},[408,142401,138534],{"id":142402},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142404,142405,123554],{},[18,142406,127462],{},[52,142408,142410],{"className":54,"code":142409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[18,142411,142412,142424],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142413,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142415,517],{"class":67},[61,142417,72],{"class":71},[61,142419,522],{"class":190},[61,142421,7057],{"class":194},[61,142423,528],{"class":190},[61,142425,142426,142428,142430,142432,142434,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142427,130],{"class":129},[61,142429,109],{"class":75},[61,142431,541],{"class":112},[61,142433,244],{"class":75},[61,142435,141170],{"class":112},[61,142437,109],{"class":75},[61,142439,816],{"class":190},[61,142441,56],{"class":194},[61,142443,816],{"class":190},[61,142445,5122],{"class":75},[61,142447,4533],{"class":3420},[14,142449,39018],{},[52,142451,142453],{"className":54,"code":142452,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[18,142454,142455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142456,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142458,130],{"class":129},[61,142460,109],{"class":75},[61,142462,541],{"class":112},[61,142464,244],{"class":75},[61,142466,8399],{"class":112},[61,142468,8396],{"class":75},[61,142470,141170],{"class":112},[61,142472,109],{"class":75},[61,142474,816],{"class":190},[61,142476,56],{"class":194},[61,142478,816],{"class":190},[61,142480,5122],{"class":75},[61,142482,3421],{"class":3420},[408,142484,312,142486,137016],{"id":142485},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[18,142487,127462],{},[14,142489,142490],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[52,142492,142494],{"className":54,"code":142493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[18,142495,142496,142504,142508,142513],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142497,142498,142500,142502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142499,1580],{"class":67},[61,142501,72],{"class":71},[61,142503,124776],{"class":79},[61,142505,142506],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142507,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,142509,142510],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,142511,142512],{"class":3420},"# This will cause an error:\n",[61,142514,142515],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,142516,142517],{"class":3420},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142519,39018],{},[52,142521,142523],{"className":54,"code":142522,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[18,142524,142525,142539],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142526,142527,142529,142531,142533,142535,142537],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142528,1580],{"class":67},[61,142530,72],{"class":71},[61,142532,48663],{"class":105},[61,142534,109],{"class":75},[61,142536,50003],{"class":79},[61,142538,116],{"class":75},[61,142540,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142555,142557,142559,142561],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142542,130],{"class":129},[61,142544,109],{"class":75},[61,142546,1605],{"class":112},[61,142548,244],{"class":75},[61,142550,141170],{"class":112},[61,142552,109],{"class":75},[61,142554,816],{"class":190},[61,142556,80],{"class":194},[61,142558,816],{"class":190},[61,142560,5122],{"class":75},[61,142562,3421],{"class":3420},[408,142564,36960,142566,8463,142568],{"id":142565},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[18,142567,127462],{},[18,142569,3641],{},[14,142571,142572,142574],{},[18,142573,127462],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142576,142577,142578,142580,142581,244],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[18,142579,3641],{}," or methods like ",[235,142582,142583],{"href":124106},[18,142584,124091],{},[52,142586,142588],{"className":54,"code":142587,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[18,142589,142590,142602,142606,142630],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142591,142592,142594,142596,142598,142600],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142593,517],{"class":67},[61,142595,72],{"class":71},[61,142597,522],{"class":190},[61,142599,60164],{"class":194},[61,142601,528],{"class":190},[61,142603,142604],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142605,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,142607,142608,142610,142612,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,142609,130],{"class":129},[61,142611,109],{"class":75},[61,142613,541],{"class":112},[61,142615,244],{"class":75},[61,142617,141170],{"class":112},[61,142619,109],{"class":75},[61,142621,816],{"class":190},[61,142623,60345],{"class":194},[61,142625,816],{"class":190},[61,142627,5122],{"class":75},[61,142629,4533],{"class":3420},[61,142631,142632,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,142633,130],{"class":129},[61,142635,109],{"class":75},[61,142637,816],{"class":190},[61,142639,60345],{"class":194},[61,142641,816],{"class":190},[61,142643,20930],{"class":3634},[61,142645,42599],{"class":112},[61,142647,3417],{"class":75},[61,142649,142650],{"class":3420},"           # True\n",[14,142652,135568,142653,244],{},[235,142654,127130],{"href":123351},[408,142656,4466,142658,4154,142660,142662],{"id":142657},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[18,142659,35829],{},[18,142661,52418],{}," use index positions",[14,142664,142665,142666,244],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[18,142667,675],{},[52,142669,142671],{"className":54,"code":142670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[18,142672,142673,142686,142690],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142674,142675,142677,142679,142681,142684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142676,517],{"class":67},[61,142678,72],{"class":71},[61,142680,522],{"class":190},[61,142682,142683],{"class":194},"abcdef",[61,142685,528],{"class":190},[61,142687,142688],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142689,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,142691,142692,142694,142696,142698,142700,142702,142704,142706,142709,142711,142713,142715,142717],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,142693,130],{"class":129},[61,142695,109],{"class":75},[61,142697,541],{"class":112},[61,142699,244],{"class":75},[61,142701,141170],{"class":112},[61,142703,109],{"class":75},[61,142705,816],{"class":190},[61,142707,142708],{"class":194},"cd",[61,142710,816],{"class":190},[61,142712,83],{"class":75},[61,142714,86],{"class":79},[61,142716,5122],{"class":75},[61,142718,3421],{"class":3420},[408,142720,142722],{"id":142721},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142724,142725],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142727,16400],{},[52,142729,142731],{"className":54,"code":142730,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[18,142732,142733],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142734,142735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142736,142730],{"class":3420},[14,142738,16412],{},[52,142740,142742],{"className":54,"code":142741,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[18,142743,142744,142756],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142745,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142747,517],{"class":67},[61,142749,72],{"class":71},[61,142751,522],{"class":190},[61,142753,7057],{"class":194},[61,142755,528],{"class":190},[61,142757,142758,142760,142762,142764,142766,142768,142770,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780,142783,142785,142787],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142759,130],{"class":129},[61,142761,109],{"class":75},[61,142763,541],{"class":112},[61,142765,244],{"class":75},[61,142767,141170],{"class":112},[61,142769,1028],{"class":75},[61,142771,816],{"class":190},[61,142773,141281],{"class":194},[61,142775,816],{"class":190},[61,142777,83],{"class":75},[61,142779,522],{"class":190},[61,142781,142782],{"class":194},"Ja",[61,142784,816],{"class":190},[61,142786,50849],{"class":75},[61,142788,3421],{"class":3420},[14,142790,31838],{},[52,142792,142794],{"className":54,"code":142793,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[18,142795,142796,142806,142820,142842,142868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142797,142798,142800,142802,142804],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142799,130],{"class":129},[61,142801,109],{"class":75},[61,142803,541],{"class":112},[61,142805,116],{"class":75},[61,142807,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816,142818],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,142809,130],{"class":129},[61,142811,109],{"class":75},[61,142813,147],{"class":105},[61,142815,109],{"class":75},[61,142817,541],{"class":112},[61,142819,154],{"class":75},[61,142821,142822,142824,142826,142828,142830,142832,142834,142836,142838,142840],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,142823,130],{"class":129},[61,142825,109],{"class":75},[61,142827,541],{"class":112},[61,142829,244],{"class":75},[61,142831,141170],{"class":112},[61,142833,109],{"class":75},[61,142835,816],{"class":190},[61,142837,141281],{"class":194},[61,142839,816],{"class":190},[61,142841,154],{"class":75},[61,142843,142844,142846,142848,142850,142852,142854,142856,142858,142860,142862,142864,142866],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,142845,130],{"class":129},[61,142847,109],{"class":75},[61,142849,541],{"class":112},[61,142851,244],{"class":75},[61,142853,8399],{"class":112},[61,142855,8396],{"class":75},[61,142857,141170],{"class":112},[61,142859,109],{"class":75},[61,142861,816],{"class":190},[61,142863,128540],{"class":194},[61,142865,816],{"class":190},[61,142867,154],{"class":75},[61,142869,142870,142872,142874,142876,142878,142880,142882,142884,142886,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,142871,130],{"class":129},[61,142873,109],{"class":75},[61,142875,541],{"class":112},[61,142877,244],{"class":75},[61,142879,141170],{"class":112},[61,142881,1028],{"class":75},[61,142883,816],{"class":190},[61,142885,141281],{"class":194},[61,142887,816],{"class":190},[61,142889,83],{"class":75},[61,142891,522],{"class":190},[61,142893,142782],{"class":194},[61,142895,816],{"class":190},[61,142897,2672],{"class":75},[47,142899,1620],{"id":1619},[408,142901,12459,142903,127940],{"id":142902},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[18,142904,127462],{},[14,142906,142907,142908,2638,142910,244],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[18,142909,3361],{},[18,142911,3431],{},[408,142913,4933,142915,142917],{"id":142914},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[18,142916,127462],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,142919,142920],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[52,142922,142924],{"className":54,"code":142923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[18,142925,142926],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142927,142928,142930,142932,142934,142936,142938,142940,142942,142944,142946,142948,142950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142929,541],{"class":67},[61,142931,244],{"class":75},[61,142933,141170],{"class":112},[61,142935,1028],{"class":75},[61,142937,816],{"class":190},[61,142939,235],{"class":194},[61,142941,816],{"class":190},[61,142943,83],{"class":75},[61,142945,522],{"class":190},[61,142947,1480],{"class":194},[61,142949,816],{"class":190},[61,142951,154],{"class":75},[408,142953,14658,142955,124432],{"id":142954},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[18,142956,127462],{},[14,142958,129623],{},[408,142960,4943,142962,4154,142964,2251],{"id":142961},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[18,142963,127462],{},[18,142965,3641],{},[14,142967,142968,142970,142971,142973],{},[18,142969,127462],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[18,142972,3641],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[408,142975,28085,142977,4154,142979,8463,142981,2251],{"id":142976},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[18,142978,35829],{},[18,142980,52418],{},[18,142982,127462],{},[14,142984,142985],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[47,142987,1664],{"id":1663},[26,142989,142990,142996,143002,143008,143012],{},[29,142991,142992],{},[235,142993,126094,142994,10492],{"href":129688},[18,142995,126152],{},[29,142997,142998],{},[235,142999,126094,143000,10492],{"href":124106},[18,143001,124091],{},[29,143003,143004],{},[235,143005,126094,143006,10492],{"href":123823},[18,143007,123826],{},[29,143009,143010],{},[235,143011,124495],{"href":123351},[29,143013,143014],{},[235,143015,124849],{"href":50733},[1693,143017,143018],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":143020},[143021,143023,143024,143030,143031,143033,143034,143035,143037,143047,143059],{"id":141216,"depth":97,"text":143022},"What startswith() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":141495,"depth":97,"text":141496,"children":143025},[143026,143027,143028,143029],{"id":141333,"depth":119,"text":141333},{"id":35829,"depth":119,"text":35829},{"id":52418,"depth":119,"text":52418},{"id":141662,"depth":119,"text":141663},{"id":17174,"depth":97,"text":17175},{"id":141840,"depth":97,"text":143032},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141994,"depth":97,"text":141995},{"id":123742,"depth":97,"text":123743},{"id":142296,"depth":97,"text":143036},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":143038},[143039,143040,143042,143044,143046],{"id":142402,"depth":119,"text":138534},{"id":142485,"depth":119,"text":143041},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142565,"depth":119,"text":143043},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142657,"depth":119,"text":143045},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142721,"depth":119,"text":142722},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":143048},[143049,143051,143053,143055,143057],{"id":142902,"depth":119,"text":143050},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142914,"depth":119,"text":143052},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142954,"depth":119,"text":143054},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142961,"depth":119,"text":143056},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142976,"depth":119,"text":143058},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141116,"description":143060},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143067,"title":143068,"body":143069,"description":144523,"extension":1727,"meta":144524,"navigation":122,"path":144525,"seo":144526,"stem":144527,"__hash__":144528},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143070,"toc":144493},[143071,143076,143081,143084,143086,143130,143132,143140,143145,143150,143155,143157,143175,143177,143223,143225,143239,143248,143252,143254,143256,143268,143273,143276,143308,143310,143319,143324,143327,143368,143370,143378,143380,143393,143399,143403,143406,143422,143424,143473,143475,143484,143487,143546,143548,143557,143564,143567,143620,143622,143646,143653,143659,143663,143669,143672,143683,143685,143725,143727,143735,143737,143777,143779,143788,143790,143808,143811,143818,143829,143832,143849,143851,143928,143930,143961,143964,143966,143969,143995,143997,144037,144039,144048,144058,144066,144074,144079,144084,144086,144100,144102,144153,144155,144164,144174,144176,144178,144200,144203,144282,144284,144320,144323,144398,144403,144405,144411,144416,144421,144424,144430,144433,144440,144448,144452,144460,144462,144490],[10,143072,123096,143074,11075],{"id":143073},"python-string-strip-method",[18,143075,41410],{},[14,143077,32073,143078,143080],{},[18,143079,41410],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143082,143083],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[47,143085,3366],{"id":3365},[52,143087,143089],{"className":54,"code":143088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[18,143090,143091,143104,143119],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143092,143093,143095,143097,143099,143102],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143094,517],{"class":67},[61,143096,72],{"class":71},[61,143098,522],{"class":190},[61,143100,143101],{"class":194},"  hello  ",[61,143103,528],{"class":190},[61,143105,143106,143109,143111,143113,143115,143117],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143107,143108],{"class":67},"clean_text ",[61,143110,72],{"class":71},[61,143112,42599],{"class":67},[61,143114,244],{"class":75},[61,143116,8393],{"class":112},[61,143118,263],{"class":75},[61,143120,143121,143123,143125,143128],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,143122,130],{"class":129},[61,143124,109],{"class":75},[61,143126,143127],{"class":112},"clean_text",[61,143129,116],{"class":75},[14,143131,157],{},[52,143133,143134],{"className":54,"code":138409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,143135,143136],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143137,143138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143139,138409],{"class":67},[14,143141,204,143142,143144],{},[18,143143,41410],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[47,143146,3435,143148,3438],{"id":143147},"what-strip-does",[18,143149,41410],{},[14,143151,143152,143154],{},[18,143153,41410],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143156,12807],{},[26,143158,143159,143163,143166,143169,143172],{},[29,143160,143161,131444],{},[18,143162,41410],{},[29,143164,143165],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[29,143167,143168],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[29,143170,143171],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[29,143173,143174],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143176,1109],{},[52,143178,143180],{"className":54,"code":143179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[18,143181,143182,143195,143199,143213],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143183,143184,143186,143188,143190,143193],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143185,517],{"class":67},[61,143187,72],{"class":71},[61,143189,522],{"class":190},[61,143191,143192],{"class":194},"  hello world  ",[61,143194,528],{"class":190},[61,143196,143197],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143198,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,143200,143201,143203,143205,143207,143209,143211],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,143202,130],{"class":129},[61,143204,109],{"class":75},[61,143206,541],{"class":112},[61,143208,244],{"class":75},[61,143210,8393],{"class":112},[61,143212,6955],{"class":75},[61,143214,143215,143217,143219,143221],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,143216,130],{"class":129},[61,143218,109],{"class":75},[61,143220,541],{"class":112},[61,143222,116],{"class":75},[14,143224,157],{},[52,143226,143228],{"className":54,"code":143227,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[18,143229,143230,143234],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143231,143232],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143233,134110],{"class":67},[61,143235,143236],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143237,143238],{"class":67},"  hello world\n",[14,143240,143241,143242,143244,143245,143247],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[18,143243,41410],{},", but the original ",[18,143246,541],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143249,124846,143250,244],{},[235,143251,124849],{"href":50733},[47,143253,248],{"id":247},[14,143255,251],{},[26,143257,143258,143263],{},[29,143259,143260],{},[18,143261,143262],{},"string.strip()",[29,143264,143265],{},[18,143266,143267],{},"string.strip(chars)",[408,143269,143271],{"id":143270},"stringstrip",[18,143272,143262],{},[14,143274,143275],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[52,143277,143279],{"className":54,"code":143278,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[18,143280,143281,143294],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143282,143283,143285,143287,143289,143292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143284,7634],{"class":67},[61,143286,72],{"class":71},[61,143288,522],{"class":190},[61,143290,143291],{"class":194},"  Alice  ",[61,143293,528],{"class":190},[61,143295,143296,143298,143300,143302,143304,143306],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143297,130],{"class":129},[61,143299,109],{"class":75},[61,143301,819],{"class":112},[61,143303,244],{"class":75},[61,143305,8393],{"class":112},[61,143307,6955],{"class":75},[14,143309,157],{},[52,143311,143313],{"className":54,"code":143312,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Alice\n",[18,143314,143315],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143316,143317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143318,143312],{"class":67},[408,143320,143322],{"id":143321},"stringstripchars",[18,143323,143267],{},[14,143325,143326],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[52,143328,143330],{"className":54,"code":143329,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143331,143332,143345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143333,143334,143336,143338,143340,143343],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143335,517],{"class":67},[61,143337,72],{"class":71},[61,143339,522],{"class":190},[61,143341,143342],{"class":194},"!!hello??",[61,143344,528],{"class":190},[61,143346,143347,143349,143351,143353,143355,143357,143359,143361,143364,143366],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143348,130],{"class":129},[61,143350,109],{"class":75},[61,143352,541],{"class":112},[61,143354,244],{"class":75},[61,143356,8393],{"class":112},[61,143358,109],{"class":75},[61,143360,816],{"class":190},[61,143362,143363],{"class":194},"!?",[61,143365,816],{"class":190},[61,143367,154],{"class":75},[14,143369,157],{},[52,143371,143372],{"className":54,"code":138409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,143373,143374],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143375,143376],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143377,138409],{"class":67},[14,143379,83566],{},[26,143381,143382,143387],{},[29,143383,143384,143386],{},[18,143385,134353],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[29,143388,143389,143390,143392],{},"The order of characters in ",[18,143391,134353],{}," does not matter",[47,143394,143396,143397],{"id":143395},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[18,143398,41410],{},[14,143400,30640,143401,244],{},[18,143402,41410],{},[14,143404,143405],{},"It is useful for:",[26,143407,143408,143413,143416,143419],{},[29,143409,143410,143411,3644],{},"Cleaning ",[18,143412,2718],{},[29,143414,143415],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[29,143417,143418],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[29,143420,143421],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143423,48120],{},[52,143425,143427],{"className":54,"code":143426,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[18,143428,143429,143442,143458,143462],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143430,143431,143433,143435,143437,143440],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143432,7719],{"class":67},[61,143434,72],{"class":71},[61,143436,522],{"class":190},[61,143438,143439],{"class":194},"  sam  ",[61,143441,528],{"class":190},[61,143443,143444,143447,143449,143452,143454,143456],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143445,143446],{"class":67},"clean_username ",[61,143448,72],{"class":71},[61,143450,143451],{"class":67}," username",[61,143453,244],{"class":75},[61,143455,8393],{"class":112},[61,143457,263],{"class":75},[61,143459,143460],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,143461,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,143463,143464,143466,143468,143471],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,143465,130],{"class":129},[61,143467,109],{"class":75},[61,143469,143470],{"class":112},"clean_username",[61,143472,116],{"class":75},[14,143474,157],{},[52,143476,143478],{"className":54,"code":143477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sam\n",[18,143479,143480],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143481,143482],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143483,143477],{"class":67},[14,143485,143486],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[52,143488,143490],{"className":54,"code":143489,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,143491,143492,143505,143509,143531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143493,143494,143496,143498,143500,143503],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143495,136337],{"class":67},[61,143497,72],{"class":71},[61,143499,522],{"class":190},[61,143501,143502],{"class":194}," yes  ",[61,143504,528],{"class":190},[61,143506,143507],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143508,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,143510,143511,143513,143515,143517,143519,143521,143523,143525,143527,143529],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,143512,6758],{"class":3634},[61,143514,136357],{"class":67},[61,143516,244],{"class":75},[61,143518,8393],{"class":112},[61,143520,1637],{"class":75},[61,143522,6167],{"class":71},[61,143524,522],{"class":190},[61,143526,8416],{"class":194},[61,143528,816],{"class":190},[61,143530,6152],{"class":75},[61,143532,143533,143535,143537,143539,143542,143544],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,143534,7827],{"class":129},[61,143536,109],{"class":75},[61,143538,816],{"class":190},[61,143540,143541],{"class":194},"Matched",[61,143543,816],{"class":190},[61,143545,116],{"class":75},[14,143547,157],{},[52,143549,143551],{"className":54,"code":143550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Matched\n",[18,143552,143553],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143554,143555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143556,143550],{"class":67},[14,143558,143559,143560,244],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[235,143561,143563],{"href":143562},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143565,143566],{},"Example with file-style text:",[52,143568,143570],{"className":54,"code":143569,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[18,143571,143572,143588,143602],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143573,143574,143577,143579,143581,143584,143586],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143575,143576],{"class":67},"line ",[61,143578,72],{"class":71},[61,143580,522],{"class":190},[61,143582,143583],{"class":194},"Python basics",[61,143585,86898],{"class":34209},[61,143587,528],{"class":190},[61,143589,143590,143592,143594,143596,143598,143600],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143591,130],{"class":129},[61,143593,109],{"class":75},[61,143595,41536],{"class":129},[61,143597,109],{"class":75},[61,143599,63],{"class":112},[61,143601,154],{"class":75},[61,143603,143604,143606,143608,143610,143612,143614,143616,143618],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,143605,130],{"class":129},[61,143607,109],{"class":75},[61,143609,41536],{"class":129},[61,143611,109],{"class":75},[61,143613,63],{"class":112},[61,143615,244],{"class":75},[61,143617,8393],{"class":112},[61,143619,996],{"class":75},[14,143621,157],{},[52,143623,143625],{"className":54,"code":143624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[18,143626,143627,143638],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143628,143629,143631,143633,143636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143630,198],{"class":43086},[61,143632,143583],{"class":43090},[61,143634,86898],{"class":143635},"sfi6f",[61,143637,29455],{"class":43086},[61,143639,143640,143642,143644],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143641,198],{"class":43086},[61,143643,143583],{"class":43090},[61,143645,29455],{"class":43086},[14,143647,8175,143648,143650,143651,244],{},[18,143649,122310],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[18,143652,86898],{},[14,143654,143655,143656,244],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[235,143657,143658],{"href":87551},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[47,143660,143662],{"id":143661},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143664,143665,143666,244],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[18,143667,143668],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143670,143671],{},"Python will:",[26,143673,143674,143677,143680],{},[29,143675,143676],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[29,143678,143679],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[29,143681,143682],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143684,1109],{},[52,143686,143688],{"className":54,"code":143687,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143689,143690,143703],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143691,143692,143694,143696,143698,143701],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143693,517],{"class":67},[61,143695,72],{"class":71},[61,143697,522],{"class":190},[61,143699,143700],{"class":194},"??hello!!",[61,143702,528],{"class":190},[61,143704,143705,143707,143709,143711,143713,143715,143717,143719,143721,143723],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143706,130],{"class":129},[61,143708,109],{"class":75},[61,143710,541],{"class":112},[61,143712,244],{"class":75},[61,143714,8393],{"class":112},[61,143716,109],{"class":75},[61,143718,816],{"class":190},[61,143720,143363],{"class":194},[61,143722,816],{"class":190},[61,143724,154],{"class":75},[14,143726,157],{},[52,143728,143729],{"className":54,"code":138409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,143730,143731],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143732,143733],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143734,138409],{"class":67},[14,143736,51838],{},[52,143738,143740],{"className":54,"code":143739,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[18,143741,143742,143755],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143743,143744,143746,143748,143750,143753],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143745,517],{"class":67},[61,143747,72],{"class":71},[61,143749,522],{"class":190},[61,143751,143752],{"class":194},"abcHelloCba",[61,143754,528],{"class":190},[61,143756,143757,143759,143761,143763,143765,143767,143769,143771,143773,143775],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143758,130],{"class":129},[61,143760,109],{"class":75},[61,143762,541],{"class":112},[61,143764,244],{"class":75},[61,143766,8393],{"class":112},[61,143768,109],{"class":75},[61,143770,816],{"class":190},[61,143772,41317],{"class":194},[61,143774,816],{"class":190},[61,143776,154],{"class":75},[14,143778,157],{},[52,143780,143782],{"className":54,"code":143781,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HelloC\n",[18,143783,143784],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143785,143786],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143787,143781],{"class":67},[14,143789,5994],{},[14,143791,143792,601,143795,143797,143798,143800,143801,1951,143803,1955,143805,143807],{},[18,143793,143794],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[603,143796,605],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[18,143799,41317],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[18,143802,235],{},[18,143804,1480],{},[18,143806,573],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,143809,143810],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,143812,143813,143814,6391],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[235,143815,143816],{"href":129675},[18,143817,124267],{},[47,143819,143821,10337,143823,10337,143826],{"id":143820},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[18,143822,41410],{},[18,143824,143825],{},"lstrip()",[18,143827,143828],{},"rstrip()",[14,143830,143831],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[26,143833,143834,143839,143844],{},[29,143835,143836,143838],{},[18,143837,41410],{}," removes from both ends",[29,143840,143841,143843],{},[18,143842,143825],{}," removes from the left side only",[29,143845,143846,143848],{},[18,143847,143828],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,143850,1109],{},[52,143852,143854],{"className":54,"code":143853,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[18,143855,143856,143868,143872,143890,143909],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143857,143858,143860,143862,143864,143866],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143859,517],{"class":67},[61,143861,72],{"class":71},[61,143863,522],{"class":190},[61,143865,143101],{"class":194},[61,143867,528],{"class":190},[61,143869,143870],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143871,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,143873,143874,143876,143878,143880,143882,143884,143886,143888],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,143875,130],{"class":129},[61,143877,109],{"class":75},[61,143879,41536],{"class":129},[61,143881,109],{"class":75},[61,143883,541],{"class":112},[61,143885,244],{"class":75},[61,143887,8393],{"class":112},[61,143889,996],{"class":75},[61,143891,143892,143894,143896,143898,143900,143902,143904,143907],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,143893,130],{"class":129},[61,143895,109],{"class":75},[61,143897,41536],{"class":129},[61,143899,109],{"class":75},[61,143901,541],{"class":112},[61,143903,244],{"class":75},[61,143905,143906],{"class":112},"lstrip",[61,143908,996],{"class":75},[61,143910,143911,143913,143915,143917,143919,143921,143923,143926],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,143912,130],{"class":129},[61,143914,109],{"class":75},[61,143916,41536],{"class":129},[61,143918,109],{"class":75},[61,143920,541],{"class":112},[61,143922,244],{"class":75},[61,143924,143925],{"class":112},"rstrip",[61,143927,996],{"class":75},[14,143929,157],{},[52,143931,143933],{"className":54,"code":143932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[18,143934,143935,143943,143952],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143936,143937,143939,143941],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143938,198],{"class":43086},[61,143940,1323],{"class":43090},[61,143942,29455],{"class":43086},[61,143944,143945,143947,143950],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,143946,198],{"class":43086},[61,143948,143949],{"class":43090},"hello  ",[61,143951,29455],{"class":43086},[61,143953,143954,143956,143959],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,143955,198],{"class":43086},[61,143957,143958],{"class":43090},"  hello",[61,143960,29455],{"class":43086},[14,143962,143963],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[47,143965,108107],{"id":108106},[14,143967,143968],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[26,143970,143971,143979,143989,143992],{},[29,143972,143973,143975,143976,143978],{},[18,143974,143794],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[18,143977,41286],{}," once",[29,143980,143981,143982,1951,143984,1955,143986,143988],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[18,143983,235],{},[18,143985,1480],{},[18,143987,573],{}," from both ends",[29,143990,143991],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[29,143993,143994],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,143996,1109],{},[52,143998,144000],{"className":54,"code":143999,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[18,144001,144002,144015],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144003,144004,144006,144008,144010,144013],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144005,126177],{"class":67},[61,144007,72],{"class":71},[61,144009,522],{"class":190},[61,144011,144012],{"class":194},"txt_report.txt",[61,144014,528],{"class":190},[61,144016,144017,144019,144021,144023,144025,144027,144029,144031,144033,144035],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144018,130],{"class":129},[61,144020,109],{"class":75},[61,144022,126195],{"class":112},[61,144024,244],{"class":75},[61,144026,8393],{"class":112},[61,144028,109],{"class":75},[61,144030,816],{"class":190},[61,144032,126230],{"class":194},[61,144034,816],{"class":190},[61,144036,154],{"class":75},[14,144038,157],{},[52,144040,144042],{"className":54,"code":144041,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"_report\n",[18,144043,144044],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144045,144046],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144047,144041],{"class":67},[14,144049,144050,144051,1951,144053,1955,144055,144057],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[18,144052,244],{},[18,144054,590],{},[18,144056,1936],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144059,53411,144060,4545,144063,144065],{},[18,144061,144062],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[603,144064,605],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144067,144068,144069,144073],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[235,144070,144071],{"href":129675},[18,144072,124267],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[47,144075,4723,144077],{"id":144076},"when-to-use-strip",[18,144078,41410],{},[14,144080,204,144081,144083],{},[18,144082,41410],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144085,36182],{},[26,144087,144088,144092,144094,144097],{},[29,144089,143410,144090,3644],{},[18,144091,2718],{},[29,144093,143415],{},[29,144095,144096],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[29,144098,144099],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144101,1109],{},[52,144103,144105],{"className":54,"code":144104,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[18,144106,144107,144121,144125,144138],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144108,144109,144112,144114,144116,144119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144110,144111],{"class":67},"email ",[61,144113,72],{"class":71},[61,144115,522],{"class":190},[61,144117,144118],{"class":194},"  user@example.com  ",[61,144120,528],{"class":190},[61,144122,144123],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144124,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,144126,144127,144129,144132,144134,144136],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,144128,6758],{"class":3634},[61,144130,144131],{"class":67}," email",[61,144133,244],{"class":75},[61,144135,8393],{"class":112},[61,144137,21352],{"class":75},[61,144139,144140,144142,144144,144146,144149,144151],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,144141,7827],{"class":129},[61,144143,109],{"class":75},[61,144145,816],{"class":190},[61,144147,144148],{"class":194},"Email was entered",[61,144150,816],{"class":190},[61,144152,116],{"class":75},[14,144154,157],{},[52,144156,144158],{"className":54,"code":144157,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Email was entered\n",[18,144159,144160],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144161,144162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144163,144157],{"class":67},[14,144165,144166,144167,144169,144170,244],{},"You may also combine ",[18,144168,41410],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[235,144171,144172],{"href":123823},[18,144173,123826],{},[47,144175,2590],{"id":2589},[14,144177,83985],{},[26,144179,144180,144184,144189,144194],{},[29,144181,8211,144182,131314],{},[18,144183,41410],{},[29,144185,8211,144186,144188],{},[18,144187,41410],{}," to remove text from the middle",[29,144190,8175,144191,144193],{},[18,144192,144062],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[29,144195,4466,144196,144199],{},[18,144197,144198],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144201,144202],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[52,144204,144206],{"className":54,"code":144205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[18,144207,144208,144222,144226,144236,144250,144264],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144209,144210,144212,144214,144216,144218,144220],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144211,517],{"class":67},[61,144213,72],{"class":71},[61,144215,522],{"class":190},[61,144217,143958],{"class":194},[61,144219,86898],{"class":34209},[61,144221,528],{"class":190},[61,144223,144224],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144225,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,144227,144228,144230,144232,144234],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,144229,130],{"class":129},[61,144231,109],{"class":75},[61,144233,541],{"class":112},[61,144235,116],{"class":75},[61,144237,144238,144240,144242,144244,144246,144248],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,144239,130],{"class":129},[61,144241,109],{"class":75},[61,144243,41536],{"class":129},[61,144245,109],{"class":75},[61,144247,541],{"class":112},[61,144249,154],{"class":75},[61,144251,144252,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,144253,130],{"class":129},[61,144255,109],{"class":75},[61,144257,541],{"class":112},[61,144259,244],{"class":75},[61,144261,8393],{"class":112},[61,144263,6955],{"class":75},[61,144265,144266,144268,144270,144272,144274,144276,144278,144280],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,144267,130],{"class":129},[61,144269,109],{"class":75},[61,144271,41536],{"class":129},[61,144273,109],{"class":75},[61,144275,541],{"class":112},[61,144277,244],{"class":75},[61,144279,8393],{"class":112},[61,144281,996],{"class":75},[14,144283,157],{},[52,144285,144287],{"className":54,"code":144286,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[18,144288,144289,144294,144298,144308,144312],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144290,144291],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144292,144293],{"class":67},"  hello\n",[61,144295,144296],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144297,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,144299,144300,144302,144304,144306],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,144301,198],{"class":43086},[61,144303,143958],{"class":43090},[61,144305,86898],{"class":143635},[61,144307,29455],{"class":43086},[61,144309,144310],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,144311,138409],{"class":67},[61,144313,144314,144316,144318],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,144315,198],{"class":43086},[61,144317,1323],{"class":43090},[61,144319,29455],{"class":43086},[14,144321,144322],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[52,144324,144326],{"className":54,"code":144325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[18,144327,144328,144338,144352,144366,144384],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144329,144330,144332,144334,144336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144331,130],{"class":129},[61,144333,109],{"class":75},[61,144335,541],{"class":112},[61,144337,116],{"class":75},[61,144339,144340,144342,144344,144346,144348,144350],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144341,130],{"class":129},[61,144343,109],{"class":75},[61,144345,41536],{"class":129},[61,144347,109],{"class":75},[61,144349,541],{"class":112},[61,144351,154],{"class":75},[61,144353,144354,144356,144358,144360,144362,144364],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,144355,130],{"class":129},[61,144357,109],{"class":75},[61,144359,541],{"class":112},[61,144361,244],{"class":75},[61,144363,8393],{"class":112},[61,144365,6955],{"class":75},[61,144367,144368,144370,144372,144374,144376,144378,144380,144382],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,144369,130],{"class":129},[61,144371,109],{"class":75},[61,144373,41536],{"class":129},[61,144375,109],{"class":75},[61,144377,541],{"class":112},[61,144379,244],{"class":75},[61,144381,8393],{"class":112},[61,144383,996],{"class":75},[61,144385,144386,144388,144390,144392,144394,144396],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,144387,31908],{"class":129},[61,144389,109],{"class":75},[61,144391,3199],{"class":105},[61,144393,244],{"class":75},[61,144395,8393],{"class":24507},[61,144397,116],{"class":75},[14,144399,144400,144402],{},[18,144401,122310],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[47,144404,1620],{"id":1619},[408,144406,12459,144408,144410],{"id":144407},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[18,144409,41410],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144412,46123,144413,144415],{},[18,144414,41410],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[408,144417,12459,144419,124423],{"id":144418},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[18,144420,41410],{},[14,144422,144423],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[408,144425,4905,144427,144429],{"id":144426},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[18,144428,41410],{}," remove by default?",[14,144431,144432],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[408,144434,33961,144436,33964,144438,2251],{"id":144435},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[18,144437,41410],{},[18,144439,124267],{},[14,144441,144442,144444,144445,144447],{},[18,144443,41410],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[18,144446,124267],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[408,144449,144451],{"id":144450},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144453,127967,144454,144456,144457,144459],{},[18,144455,143825],{}," for the left side and ",[18,144458,143828],{}," for the right side.",[47,144461,1664],{"id":1663},[26,144463,144464,144470,144476,144481,144486],{},[29,144465,144466],{},[235,144467,126094,144468,10492],{"href":123823},[18,144469,123826],{},[29,144471,144472],{},[235,144473,126094,144474,10492],{"href":129675},[18,144475,124267],{},[29,144477,144478],{},[235,144479,144480],{"href":143562},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[29,144482,144483],{},[235,144484,144485],{"href":87551},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[29,144487,144488],{},[235,144489,124849],{"href":50733},[1693,144491,144492],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":144494},[144495,144496,144498,144502,144504,144505,144507,144508,144510,144511,144522],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":143147,"depth":97,"text":144497},"What strip() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248,"children":144499},[144500,144501],{"id":143270,"depth":119,"text":143262},{"id":143321,"depth":119,"text":143267},{"id":143395,"depth":97,"text":144503},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143661,"depth":97,"text":143662},{"id":143820,"depth":97,"text":144506},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108106,"depth":97,"text":108107},{"id":144076,"depth":97,"text":144509},"When to use strip()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":144512},[144513,144515,144517,144519,144521],{"id":144407,"depth":119,"text":144514},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144418,"depth":119,"text":144516},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144426,"depth":119,"text":144518},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144435,"depth":119,"text":144520},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144450,"depth":119,"text":144451},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143068,"description":144523},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144530,"title":144531,"body":144532,"description":145712,"extension":1727,"meta":145713,"navigation":122,"path":145714,"seo":145715,"stem":145716,"__hash__":145717},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144533,"toc":145682},[144534,144539,144544,144549,144551,144597,144605,144610,144624,144630,144632,144634,144649,144651,144661,144664,144695,144698,144721,144723,144726,144783,144785,144799,144801,144815,144821,144826,144829,144870,144872,144881,144889,144892,144937,144939,144948,144951,144955,144960,144974,144976,145008,145010,145030,145033,145038,145043,145045,145056,145059,145116,145118,145126,145135,145137,145139,145145,145147,145184,145186,145194,145196,145237,145239,145248,145253,145258,145260,145287,145294,145297,145328,145330,145339,145345,145354,145385,145387,145399,145412,145416,145421,145451,145453,145520,145522,145532,145534,145539,145542,145547,145552,145556,145562,145568,145571,145573,145631,145633,145641,145643,145679],[10,144535,123096,144537,11075],{"id":144536},"python-string-upper-method",[18,144538,127972],{},[14,144540,123101,144541,144543],{},[18,144542,127972],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144545,84362,144546,144548],{},[18,144547,127972],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[47,144550,50],{"id":49},[52,144552,144554],{"className":54,"code":144553,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[18,144555,144556,144568,144582,144592],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144557,144558,144560,144562,144564,144566],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144559,517],{"class":67},[61,144561,72],{"class":71},[61,144563,522],{"class":190},[61,144565,128813],{"class":194},[61,144567,528],{"class":190},[61,144569,144570,144572,144574,144576,144578,144580],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144571,100],{"class":67},[61,144573,72],{"class":71},[61,144575,42599],{"class":67},[61,144577,244],{"class":75},[61,144579,34234],{"class":112},[61,144581,263],{"class":75},[61,144583,144584,144586,144588,144590],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,144585,130],{"class":129},[61,144587,109],{"class":75},[61,144589,135],{"class":112},[61,144591,116],{"class":75},[61,144593,144594],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,144595,144596],{"class":3420},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144598,144599,144601,144602,144604],{},[18,144600,127972],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[603,144603,605],{}," change the original string in place.",[47,144606,3435,144608,3438],{"id":144607},"what-upper-does",[18,144609,127972],{},[26,144611,144612,144617,144620,144622],{},[29,144613,144614,144616],{},[18,144615,127972],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[29,144618,144619],{},"It works on string values only",[29,144621,133342],{},[29,144623,136060],{},[14,144625,124846,144626,2638,144628,244],{},[235,144627,136066],{"href":136065},[235,144629,124849],{"href":50733},[47,144631,248],{"id":247},[14,144633,1922],{},[52,144635,144637],{"className":54,"code":144636,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.upper()\n",[18,144638,144639],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144640,144641,144643,144645,144647],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144642,60928],{"class":67},[61,144644,244],{"class":75},[61,144646,34234],{"class":112},[61,144648,263],{"class":75},[14,144650,277],{},[26,144652,144653,144655,144658],{},[29,144654,97273],{},[29,144656,144657],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[29,144659,144660],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144662,144663],{},"Example with a variable:",[52,144665,144667],{"className":54,"code":144666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[18,144668,144669,144681],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144670,144671,144673,144675,144677,144679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144672,7634],{"class":67},[61,144674,72],{"class":71},[61,144676,522],{"class":190},[61,144678,56],{"class":194},[61,144680,528],{"class":190},[61,144682,144683,144685,144687,144689,144691,144693],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144684,130],{"class":129},[61,144686,109],{"class":75},[61,144688,819],{"class":112},[61,144690,244],{"class":75},[61,144692,34234],{"class":112},[61,144694,6955],{"class":75},[14,144696,144697],{},"Example with a string literal:",[52,144699,144701],{"className":54,"code":144700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[18,144702,144703],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144704,144705,144707,144709,144711,144713,144715,144717,144719],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144706,130],{"class":129},[61,144708,109],{"class":75},[61,144710,816],{"class":190},[61,144712,1323],{"class":194},[61,144714,816],{"class":190},[61,144716,244],{"class":75},[61,144718,34234],{"class":112},[61,144720,6955],{"class":75},[47,144722,11228],{"id":11227},[14,144724,144725],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[52,144727,144729],{"className":54,"code":144728,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[18,144730,144731,144743,144758,144762,144772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144732,144733,144735,144737,144739,144741],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144734,5913],{"class":67},[61,144736,72],{"class":71},[61,144738,522],{"class":190},[61,144740,3847],{"class":194},[61,144742,528],{"class":190},[61,144744,144745,144748,144750,144752,144754,144756],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144746,144747],{"class":67},"uppercase_word ",[61,144749,72],{"class":71},[61,144751,38137],{"class":67},[61,144753,244],{"class":75},[61,144755,34234],{"class":112},[61,144757,263],{"class":75},[61,144759,144760],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,144761,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,144763,144764,144766,144768,144770],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,144765,130],{"class":129},[61,144767,109],{"class":75},[61,144769,38147],{"class":112},[61,144771,116],{"class":75},[61,144773,144774,144776,144778,144781],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,144775,130],{"class":129},[61,144777,109],{"class":75},[61,144779,144780],{"class":112},"uppercase_word",[61,144782,116],{"class":75},[14,144784,157],{},[52,144786,144788],{"className":54,"code":144787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"banana\nBANANA\n",[18,144789,144790,144794],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144791,144792],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144793,70152],{"class":67},[61,144795,144796],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144797,144798],{"class":34209},"BANANA\n",[14,144800,112213],{},[26,144802,144803,144808],{},[29,144804,144805,144807],{},[18,144806,38147],{}," keeps its original value",[29,144809,144810,144812,144813],{},[18,144811,144780],{}," stores the returned value from ",[18,144814,127972],{},[47,144816,144818,144820],{"id":144817},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[18,144819,127972],{}," does not change the original string",[14,144822,136726,144823,144825],{},[603,144824,136729],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,144827,144828],{},"So this method:",[52,144830,144832],{"className":54,"code":144831,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,144833,144834,144846,144856,144860],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144835,144836,144838,144840,144842,144844],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144837,7634],{"class":67},[61,144839,72],{"class":71},[61,144841,522],{"class":190},[61,144843,17560],{"class":194},[61,144845,528],{"class":190},[61,144847,144848,144850,144852,144854],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144849,819],{"class":67},[61,144851,244],{"class":75},[61,144853,34234],{"class":112},[61,144855,263],{"class":75},[61,144857,144858],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,144859,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,144861,144862,144864,144866,144868],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,144863,130],{"class":129},[61,144865,109],{"class":75},[61,144867,819],{"class":112},[61,144869,116],{"class":75},[14,144871,157],{},[52,144873,144875],{"className":54,"code":144874,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"alice\n",[18,144876,144877],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144878,144879],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144880,144874],{"class":67},[14,144882,20734,144883,144885,144886,144888],{},[18,144884,127972],{}," was called, ",[18,144887,819],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,144890,144891],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[52,144893,144895],{"className":54,"code":144894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,144896,144897,144909,144923,144927],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144898,144899,144901,144903,144905,144907],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144900,7634],{"class":67},[61,144902,72],{"class":71},[61,144904,522],{"class":190},[61,144906,17560],{"class":194},[61,144908,528],{"class":190},[61,144910,144911,144913,144915,144917,144919,144921],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144912,7634],{"class":67},[61,144914,72],{"class":71},[61,144916,35748],{"class":67},[61,144918,244],{"class":75},[61,144920,34234],{"class":112},[61,144922,263],{"class":75},[61,144924,144925],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,144926,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,144928,144929,144931,144933,144935],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,144930,130],{"class":129},[61,144932,109],{"class":75},[61,144934,819],{"class":112},[61,144936,116],{"class":75},[14,144938,157],{},[52,144940,144942],{"className":54,"code":144941,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ALICE\n",[18,144943,144944],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144945,144946],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144947,144941],{"class":34209},[14,144949,144950],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[47,144952,144954],{"id":144953},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,144956,144957,144959],{},[18,144958,127972],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[26,144961,144962,144965,144968,144971],{},[29,144963,144964],{},"Numbers stay the same",[29,144966,144967],{},"Spaces stay the same",[29,144969,144970],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[29,144972,144973],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,144975,1109],{},[52,144977,144979],{"className":54,"code":144978,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,144980,144981,144994],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144982,144983,144985,144987,144989,144992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144984,517],{"class":67},[61,144986,72],{"class":71},[61,144988,522],{"class":190},[61,144990,144991],{"class":194},"Room 7, table #3!",[61,144993,528],{"class":190},[61,144995,144996,144998,145000,145002,145004,145006],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,144997,130],{"class":129},[61,144999,109],{"class":75},[61,145001,541],{"class":112},[61,145003,244],{"class":75},[61,145005,34234],{"class":112},[61,145007,6955],{"class":75},[14,145009,157],{},[52,145011,145013],{"className":54,"code":145012,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[18,145014,145015],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145016,145017,145020,145022,145024,145027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145018,145019],{"class":34209},"ROOM",[61,145021,1134],{"class":79},[61,145023,83],{"class":75},[61,145025,145026],{"class":34209}," TABLE",[61,145028,145029],{"class":3420}," #3!\n",[14,145031,145032],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[47,145034,4723,145036],{"id":145035},"when-to-use-upper",[18,145037,127972],{},[14,145039,145040,145042],{},[18,145041,127972],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145044,48098],{},[26,145046,145047,145050,145053],{},[29,145048,145049],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[29,145051,145052],{},"Format labels or headings",[29,145054,145055],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145057,145058],{},"Example: simple comparison",[52,145060,145062],{"className":54,"code":145061,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,145063,145064,145076,145080,145102],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145065,145066,145068,145070,145072,145074],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145067,136337],{"class":67},[61,145069,72],{"class":71},[61,145071,522],{"class":190},[61,145073,8416],{"class":194},[61,145075,528],{"class":190},[61,145077,145078],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145079,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,145081,145082,145084,145086,145088,145090,145092,145094,145096,145098,145100],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,145083,6758],{"class":3634},[61,145085,136357],{"class":67},[61,145087,244],{"class":75},[61,145089,34234],{"class":112},[61,145091,1637],{"class":75},[61,145093,6167],{"class":71},[61,145095,522],{"class":190},[61,145097,136344],{"class":194},[61,145099,816],{"class":190},[61,145101,6152],{"class":75},[61,145103,145104,145106,145108,145110,145112,145114],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,145105,7827],{"class":129},[61,145107,109],{"class":75},[61,145109,816],{"class":190},[61,145111,143541],{"class":194},[61,145113,816],{"class":190},[61,145115,116],{"class":75},[14,145117,157],{},[52,145119,145120],{"className":54,"code":143550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,145121,145122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145123,145124],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145125,143550],{"class":67},[14,145127,145128,145129,1951,145131,1955,145133,244],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[18,145130,8416],{},[18,145132,137130],{},[18,145134,136344],{},[47,145136,2590],{"id":2589},[408,145138,95634],{"id":95633},[14,145140,7873,145141,145144],{},[18,145142,145143],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145146,16400],{},[52,145148,145150],{"className":54,"code":145149,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145151,145152,145164,145174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145153,145154,145156,145158,145160,145162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145155,517],{"class":67},[61,145157,72],{"class":71},[61,145159,522],{"class":190},[61,145161,1323],{"class":194},[61,145163,528],{"class":190},[61,145165,145166,145168,145170,145172],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145167,541],{"class":67},[61,145169,244],{"class":75},[61,145171,34234],{"class":112},[61,145173,263],{"class":75},[61,145175,145176,145178,145180,145182],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,145177,130],{"class":129},[61,145179,109],{"class":75},[61,145181,541],{"class":112},[61,145183,116],{"class":75},[14,145185,157],{},[52,145187,145188],{"className":54,"code":138409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,145189,145190],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145191,145192],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145193,138409],{"class":67},[14,145195,16412],{},[52,145197,145199],{"className":54,"code":145198,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145200,145201,145213,145227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145202,145203,145205,145207,145209,145211],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145204,517],{"class":67},[61,145206,72],{"class":71},[61,145208,522],{"class":190},[61,145210,1323],{"class":194},[61,145212,528],{"class":190},[61,145214,145215,145217,145219,145221,145223,145225],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145216,517],{"class":67},[61,145218,72],{"class":71},[61,145220,42599],{"class":67},[61,145222,244],{"class":75},[61,145224,34234],{"class":112},[61,145226,263],{"class":75},[61,145228,145229,145231,145233,145235],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,145230,130],{"class":129},[61,145232,109],{"class":75},[61,145234,541],{"class":112},[61,145236,116],{"class":75},[14,145238,157],{},[52,145240,145242],{"className":54,"code":145241,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HELLO\n",[18,145243,145244],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145245,145246],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145247,145241],{"class":34209},[408,145249,18663,145251,137016],{"id":145250},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[18,145252,127972],{},[14,145254,145255,145257],{},[18,145256,127972],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145259,1109],{},[52,145261,145263],{"className":54,"code":145262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[18,145264,145265,145273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145266,145267,145269,145271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145268,1979],{"class":67},[61,145270,72],{"class":71},[61,145272,124776],{"class":79},[61,145274,145275,145277,145279,145281,145283,145285],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145276,130],{"class":129},[61,145278,109],{"class":75},[61,145280,2001],{"class":112},[61,145282,244],{"class":75},[61,145284,34234],{"class":112},[61,145286,6955],{"class":75},[14,145288,39410,145289,145291,145292,33356],{},[18,145290,1279],{}," objects do not have an ",[18,145293,127972],{},[14,145295,145296],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[52,145298,145300],{"className":54,"code":145299,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[18,145301,145302,145310],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145303,145304,145306,145308],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145305,1979],{"class":67},[61,145307,72],{"class":71},[61,145309,124776],{"class":79},[61,145311,145312,145314,145316,145318,145320,145322,145324,145326],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145313,130],{"class":129},[61,145315,109],{"class":75},[61,145317,3199],{"class":105},[61,145319,109],{"class":75},[61,145321,2001],{"class":112},[61,145323,8390],{"class":75},[61,145325,34234],{"class":112},[61,145327,6955],{"class":75},[14,145329,157],{},[52,145331,145333],{"className":54,"code":145332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"123\n",[18,145334,145335],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145336,145337],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145338,145332],{"class":79},[408,145340,36960,145342,145344],{"id":145341},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[18,145343,127972],{}," with title case",[14,145346,145347,145349,145350,145353],{},[18,145348,127972],{}," makes ",[603,145351,145352],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[52,145355,145357],{"className":54,"code":145356,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145358,145359,145371],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145360,145361,145363,145365,145367,145369],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145362,517],{"class":67},[61,145364,72],{"class":71},[61,145366,522],{"class":190},[61,145368,60164],{"class":194},[61,145370,528],{"class":190},[61,145372,145373,145375,145377,145379,145381,145383],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145374,130],{"class":129},[61,145376,109],{"class":75},[61,145378,541],{"class":112},[61,145380,244],{"class":75},[61,145382,34234],{"class":112},[61,145384,6955],{"class":75},[14,145386,157],{},[52,145388,145390],{"className":54,"code":145389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HELLO WORLD\n",[18,145391,145392],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145393,145394,145396],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145395,136118],{"class":34209},[61,145397,145398],{"class":34209}," WORLD\n",[14,145400,145401,145402,145406,145407,145411],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[235,145403,145404],{"href":123823},[18,145405,123826],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[235,145408,145409],{"href":129675},[18,145410,124267],{}," changes parts of a string.",[47,145413,145415],{"id":145414},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145417,145418,145419,824],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[18,145420,127972],{},[26,145422,145423,145430,145437,145444],{},[29,145424,145425,145429],{},[235,145426,145427],{"href":123823},[18,145428,123826],{}," for lowercase text",[29,145431,145432,145436],{},[235,145433,145434],{"href":136664},[18,145435,41410],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[29,145438,145439,145443],{},[235,145440,145441],{"href":129675},[18,145442,124267],{}," for changing parts of a string",[29,145445,145446,4154,145448,145450],{},[18,145447,127462],{},[18,145449,126152],{}," for checks",[14,145452,1109],{},[52,145454,145456],{"className":54,"code":145455,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[18,145457,145458,145470,145474,145489,145505,145509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145459,145460,145462,145464,145466,145468],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145461,517],{"class":67},[61,145463,72],{"class":71},[61,145465,522],{"class":190},[61,145467,143192],{"class":194},[61,145469,528],{"class":190},[61,145471,145472],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145473,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,145475,145476,145479,145481,145483,145485,145487],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,145477,145478],{"class":67},"cleaned ",[61,145480,72],{"class":71},[61,145482,42599],{"class":67},[61,145484,244],{"class":75},[61,145486,8393],{"class":112},[61,145488,263],{"class":75},[61,145490,145491,145494,145496,145499,145501,145503],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,145492,145493],{"class":67},"loud ",[61,145495,72],{"class":71},[61,145497,145498],{"class":67}," cleaned",[61,145500,244],{"class":75},[61,145502,34234],{"class":112},[61,145504,263],{"class":75},[61,145506,145507],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,145508,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,145510,145511,145513,145515,145518],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,145512,130],{"class":129},[61,145514,109],{"class":75},[61,145516,145517],{"class":112},"loud",[61,145519,116],{"class":75},[14,145521,157],{},[52,145523,145524],{"className":54,"code":145389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,145525,145526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145527,145528,145530],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145529,136118],{"class":34209},[61,145531,145398],{"class":34209},[47,145533,1620],{"id":1619},[408,145535,12459,145537,124423],{"id":145536},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[18,145538,127972],{},[14,145540,145541],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[408,145543,12459,145545,137398],{"id":145544},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[18,145546,127972],{},[14,145548,145549,145550,244],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[18,145551,145143],{},[408,145553,145555],{"id":145554},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145557,145558,145559,145561],{},"They stay the same. ",[18,145560,127972],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[408,145563,28085,145565,145567],{"id":145564},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[18,145566,127972],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145569,145570],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145572,1109],{},[52,145574,145576],{"className":54,"code":145575,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[18,145577,145578,145590,145603,145607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145579,145580,145582,145584,145586,145588],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145581,2313],{"class":67},[61,145583,72],{"class":71},[61,145585,522],{"class":190},[61,145587,56],{"class":194},[61,145589,528],{"class":190},[61,145591,145592,145594,145596,145598,145601],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145593,2341],{"class":67},[61,145595,72],{"class":71},[61,145597,522],{"class":190},[61,145599,145600],{"class":194},"PYTHON",[61,145602,528],{"class":190},[61,145604,145605],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,145606,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,145608,145609,145611,145613,145615,145617,145619,145621,145623,145625,145627,145629],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,145610,130],{"class":129},[61,145612,109],{"class":75},[61,145614,235],{"class":112},[61,145616,244],{"class":75},[61,145618,34234],{"class":112},[61,145620,1637],{"class":75},[61,145622,6167],{"class":71},[61,145624,2318],{"class":112},[61,145626,244],{"class":75},[61,145628,34234],{"class":112},[61,145630,6955],{"class":75},[14,145632,157],{},[52,145634,145635],{"className":54,"code":3738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,145636,145637],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145638,145639],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145640,3738],{"class":3609},[47,145642,1664],{"id":1663},[26,145644,145645,145649,145655,145661,145667,145671,145675],{},[29,145646,145647],{},[235,145648,124849],{"href":50733},[29,145650,145651],{},[235,145652,126094,145653,10492],{"href":123823},[18,145654,123826],{},[29,145656,145657],{},[235,145658,126094,145659,10492],{"href":136664},[18,145660,41410],{},[29,145662,145663],{},[235,145664,126094,145665,10492],{"href":129675},[18,145666,124267],{},[29,145668,145669],{},[235,145670,90428],{"href":89437},[29,145672,145673],{},[235,145674,124495],{"href":123351},[29,145676,145677],{},[235,145678,137484],{"href":136065},[1693,145680,145681],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":145683},[145684,145685,145687,145688,145689,145691,145692,145694,145701,145702,145711],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":144607,"depth":97,"text":145686},"What upper() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":144817,"depth":97,"text":145690},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144953,"depth":97,"text":144954},{"id":145035,"depth":97,"text":145693},"When to use upper()",{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":145695},[145696,145697,145699],{"id":95633,"depth":119,"text":95634},{"id":145250,"depth":119,"text":145698},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145341,"depth":119,"text":145700},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145414,"depth":97,"text":145415},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":145703},[145704,145706,145708,145709],{"id":145536,"depth":119,"text":145705},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145544,"depth":119,"text":145707},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145554,"depth":119,"text":145555},{"id":145564,"depth":119,"text":145710},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144531,"description":145712},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145719,"title":145720,"body":145721,"description":147598,"extension":1727,"meta":147599,"navigation":122,"path":147600,"seo":147601,"stem":147602,"__hash__":147603},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145722,"toc":147548},[145723,145729,145736,145742,145744,145800,145805,145810,145815,145818,145837,145840,145842,145866,145884,145895,145897,145900,145953,145955,145963,145965,145983,145988,145991,146048,146050,146059,146062,146082,146085,146091,146096,146098,146141,146143,146151,146154,146195,146197,146206,146212,146218,146245,146247,146255,146260,146264,146276,146319,146321,146329,146334,146340,146345,146349,146351,146394,146397,146444,146446,146455,146462,146466,146469,146515,146520,146524,146526,146569,146572,146580,146582,146587,146589,146591,146610,146613,146625,146627,146646,146648,146656,146660,146662,146713,146716,146791,146793,146801,146804,146808,146810,146857,146860,146931,146933,146941,146947,146949,147024,147028,147107,147109,147117,147123,147129,147134,147139,147188,147192,147263,147266,147271,147282,147285,147296,147306,147308,147313,147338,147343,147424,147426,147451,147453,147458,147461,147467,147476,147482,147485,147491,147497,147504,147507,147509,147545],[10,145724,3332,145726,3336],{"id":145725},"python-sum-function-explained",[18,145727,145728],{},"sum()",[14,145730,16,145731,145733,145734,24521],{},[18,145732,145728],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[18,145735,640],{},[14,145737,145738,145739,145741],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[18,145740,35829],{}," value and a few important limits.",[47,145743,50],{"id":49},[52,145745,145747],{"className":54,"code":145746,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[18,145748,145749,145773,145788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145750,145751,145753,145755,145757,145759,145761,145763,145765,145767,145769,145771],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145752,68],{"class":67},[61,145754,72],{"class":71},[61,145756,76],{"class":75},[61,145758,80],{"class":79},[61,145760,83],{"class":75},[61,145762,86],{"class":79},[61,145764,83],{"class":75},[61,145766,91],{"class":79},[61,145768,83],{"class":75},[61,145770,693],{"class":79},[61,145772,94],{"class":75},[61,145774,145775,145777,145779,145782,145784,145786],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145776,40939],{"class":67},[61,145778,72],{"class":71},[61,145780,145781],{"class":129}," sum",[61,145783,109],{"class":75},[61,145785,113],{"class":112},[61,145787,116],{"class":75},[61,145789,145790,145792,145794,145796,145798],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,145791,130],{"class":129},[61,145793,109],{"class":75},[61,145795,40968],{"class":112},[61,145797,3417],{"class":75},[61,145799,26551],{"class":3420},[14,145801,204,145802,145804],{},[18,145803,145728],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[47,145806,3435,145808,3438],{"id":145807},"what-sum-does",[18,145809,145728],{},[14,145811,145812,145814],{},[18,145813,145728],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,145816,145817],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[26,145819,145820,145823,145826,145831],{},[29,145821,145822],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[29,145824,145825],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[29,145827,145828,145829],{},"Adding numbers from ",[18,145830,618],{},[29,145832,145833,145834,145836],{},"Counting ",[18,145835,3361],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,145838,145839],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[47,145841,248],{"id":247},[52,145843,145845],{"className":54,"code":145844,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,145846,145847],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145848,145849,145852,145854,145856,145858,145860,145862,145864],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145850,145851],{"class":129},"sum",[61,145853,109],{"class":75},[61,145855,272],{"class":112},[61,145857,83],{"class":75},[61,145859,35808],{"class":8933},[61,145861,72],{"class":71},[61,145863,675],{"class":79},[61,145865,116],{"class":75},[26,145867,145868,145873,145878],{},[29,145869,145870,145872],{},[18,145871,272],{}," is the group of values to add",[29,145874,145875,145877],{},[18,145876,35829],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[29,145879,145880,145881],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[18,145882,145883],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,145885,145886,145887,145890,145891,244],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145888,145889,272],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[235,145892,145893,1284],{"href":35952},[18,145894,618],{},[47,145896,11228],{"id":11227},[14,145898,145899],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[52,145901,145903],{"className":54,"code":145902,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,145904,145905,145925,145939,145943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145906,145907,145909,145911,145913,145915,145917,145919,145921,145923],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145908,68],{"class":67},[61,145910,72],{"class":71},[61,145912,76],{"class":75},[61,145914,645],{"class":79},[61,145916,83],{"class":75},[61,145918,5763],{"class":79},[61,145920,83],{"class":75},[61,145922,37693],{"class":79},[61,145924,94],{"class":75},[61,145926,145927,145929,145931,145933,145935,145937],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,145928,40939],{"class":67},[61,145930,72],{"class":71},[61,145932,145781],{"class":129},[61,145934,109],{"class":75},[61,145936,113],{"class":112},[61,145938,116],{"class":75},[61,145940,145941],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,145942,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,145944,145945,145947,145949,145951],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,145946,130],{"class":129},[61,145948,109],{"class":75},[61,145950,40968],{"class":112},[61,145952,116],{"class":75},[14,145954,157],{},[52,145956,145957],{"className":54,"code":69586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,145958,145959],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145960,145961],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145962,69586],{"class":79},[14,145964,11437],{},[26,145966,145967,145972,145978],{},[29,145968,145969,145971],{},[18,145970,113],{}," contains three integers",[29,145973,145974,145977],{},[18,145975,145976],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[29,145979,145980,145981],{},"The result is stored in ",[18,145982,40968],{},[47,145984,36369,145986,8191],{"id":145985},"using-the-start-value",[18,145987,35829],{},[14,145989,145990],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[52,145992,145994],{"className":54,"code":145993,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,145995,145996,146016,146034,146038],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145997,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145999,68],{"class":67},[61,146001,72],{"class":71},[61,146003,76],{"class":75},[61,146005,80],{"class":79},[61,146007,83],{"class":75},[61,146009,86],{"class":79},[61,146011,83],{"class":75},[61,146013,91],{"class":79},[61,146015,94],{"class":75},[61,146017,146018,146020,146022,146024,146026,146028,146030,146032],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146019,40939],{"class":67},[61,146021,72],{"class":71},[61,146023,145781],{"class":129},[61,146025,109],{"class":75},[61,146027,113],{"class":112},[61,146029,83],{"class":75},[61,146031,5763],{"class":79},[61,146033,116],{"class":75},[61,146035,146036],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,146037,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,146039,146040,146042,146044,146046],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,146041,130],{"class":129},[61,146043,109],{"class":75},[61,146045,40968],{"class":112},[61,146047,116],{"class":75},[14,146049,157],{},[52,146051,146053],{"className":54,"code":146052,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"16\n",[18,146054,146055],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146056,146057],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146058,146052],{"class":79},[14,146060,146061],{},"This works like:",[26,146063,146064,146069,146074,146078],{},[29,146065,146066,146067],{},"Start at ",[18,146068,430],{},[29,146070,146071,146072],{},"Add ",[18,146073,80],{},[29,146075,146071,146076],{},[18,146077,1821],{},[29,146079,146071,146080],{},[18,146081,1827],{},[14,146083,146084],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[47,146086,3435,146088,146090],{"id":146087},"what-sum-can-work-with",[18,146089,145728],{}," can work with",[14,146092,146093,146095],{},[18,146094,145728],{}," works with numeric values.",[408,146097,40182],{"id":40181},[52,146099,146101],{"className":54,"code":146100,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146102,146103,146127],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146104,146105,146107,146109,146111,146113,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146106,712],{"class":67},[61,146108,72],{"class":71},[61,146110,76],{"class":75},[61,146112,80],{"class":79},[61,146114,83],{"class":75},[61,146116,86],{"class":79},[61,146118,83],{"class":75},[61,146120,91],{"class":79},[61,146122,83],{"class":75},[61,146124,693],{"class":79},[61,146126,94],{"class":75},[61,146128,146129,146131,146133,146135,146137,146139],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146130,130],{"class":129},[61,146132,109],{"class":75},[61,146134,145851],{"class":129},[61,146136,109],{"class":75},[61,146138,743],{"class":112},[61,146140,154],{"class":75},[14,146142,157],{},[52,146144,146145],{"className":54,"code":2137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,146146,146147],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146148,146149],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146150,2137],{"class":79},[408,146152,146153],{"id":51804},"Floats",[52,146155,146157],{"className":54,"code":146156,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[18,146158,146159,146181],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146160,146161,146163,146165,146167,146169,146171,146174,146176,146179],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146162,82793],{"class":67},[61,146164,72],{"class":71},[61,146166,76],{"class":75},[61,146168,40915],{"class":79},[61,146170,83],{"class":75},[61,146172,146173],{"class":79}," 3.75",[61,146175,83],{"class":75},[61,146177,146178],{"class":79}," 1.25",[61,146180,94],{"class":75},[61,146182,146183,146185,146187,146189,146191,146193],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146184,130],{"class":129},[61,146186,109],{"class":75},[61,146188,145851],{"class":129},[61,146190,109],{"class":75},[61,146192,82829],{"class":112},[61,146194,154],{"class":75},[14,146196,157],{},[52,146198,146200],{"className":54,"code":146199,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7.5\n",[18,146201,146202],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146203,146204],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146205,146199],{"class":79},[14,146207,146208,146209,244],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[235,146210,146211],{"href":2180},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[408,146213,146215,146216],{"id":146214},"values-from-range","Values from ",[18,146217,618],{},[52,146219,146221],{"className":54,"code":146220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[18,146222,146223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146224,146225,146227,146229,146231,146233,146235,146237,146239,146241,146243],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146226,130],{"class":129},[61,146228,109],{"class":75},[61,146230,145851],{"class":129},[61,146232,109],{"class":75},[61,146234,640],{"class":129},[61,146236,109],{"class":75},[61,146238,80],{"class":79},[61,146240,83],{"class":75},[61,146242,37400],{"class":79},[61,146244,2672],{"class":75},[14,146246,157],{},[52,146248,146249],{"className":54,"code":46799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,146250,146251],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146252,146253],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146254,46799],{"class":79},[14,146256,113303,146257,244],{},[18,146258,146259],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[408,146261,146263],{"id":146262},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146265,146266,146267,146269,146270,4154,146272,146269,146274,244],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[18,146268,3361],{}," acts like ",[18,146271,80],{},[18,146273,3431],{},[18,146275,675],{},[52,146277,146279],{"className":54,"code":146278,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[18,146280,146281,146305],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146282,146283,146285,146287,146289,146291,146293,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146284,51724],{"class":67},[61,146286,72],{"class":71},[61,146288,76],{"class":75},[61,146290,3361],{"class":3609},[61,146292,83],{"class":75},[61,146294,3665],{"class":3609},[61,146296,83],{"class":75},[61,146298,3674],{"class":3609},[61,146300,83],{"class":75},[61,146302,3674],{"class":3609},[61,146304,94],{"class":75},[61,146306,146307,146309,146311,146313,146315,146317],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146308,130],{"class":129},[61,146310,109],{"class":75},[61,146312,145851],{"class":129},[61,146314,109],{"class":75},[61,146316,51777],{"class":112},[61,146318,154],{"class":75},[14,146320,157],{},[52,146322,146323],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,146324,146325],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146326,146327],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146328,46375],{"class":79},[14,146330,146331,146332,244],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[18,146333,3361],{},[47,146335,3435,146337,146339],{"id":146336},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[18,146338,145728],{}," does not work with",[14,146341,146342,146344],{},[18,146343,145728],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[408,146346,146348],{"id":146347},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146350,1245],{},[52,146352,146354],{"className":54,"code":146353,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[18,146355,146356,146380],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146357,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146359,3829],{"class":67},[61,146361,72],{"class":71},[61,146363,76],{"class":75},[61,146365,816],{"class":190},[61,146367,1323],{"class":194},[61,146369,816],{"class":190},[61,146371,83],{"class":75},[61,146373,522],{"class":190},[61,146375,60345],{"class":194},[61,146377,816],{"class":190},[61,146379,94],{"class":75},[61,146381,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146383,130],{"class":129},[61,146385,109],{"class":75},[61,146387,145851],{"class":129},[61,146389,109],{"class":75},[61,146391,3873],{"class":112},[61,146393,154],{"class":75},[14,146395,146396],{},"Use string joining instead:",[52,146398,146400],{"className":54,"code":146399,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,146401,146402,146426],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146403,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146405,3829],{"class":67},[61,146407,72],{"class":71},[61,146409,76],{"class":75},[61,146411,816],{"class":190},[61,146413,1323],{"class":194},[61,146415,816],{"class":190},[61,146417,83],{"class":75},[61,146419,522],{"class":190},[61,146421,60345],{"class":194},[61,146423,816],{"class":190},[61,146425,94],{"class":75},[61,146427,146428,146430,146432,146434,146436,146438,146440,146442],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146429,130],{"class":129},[61,146431,109],{"class":75},[61,146433,6031],{"class":190},[61,146435,244],{"class":75},[61,146437,133253],{"class":112},[61,146439,109],{"class":75},[61,146441,3873],{"class":112},[61,146443,154],{"class":75},[14,146445,157],{},[52,146447,146449],{"className":54,"code":146448,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"helloworld\n",[18,146450,146451],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146452,146453],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146454,146448],{"class":67},[14,146456,146457,146458,244],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[235,146459,146460,5542],{"href":41932},[18,146461,47442],{},[408,146463,146465],{"id":146464},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146467,146468],{},"This also causes an error:",[52,146470,146472],{"className":54,"code":146471,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[18,146473,146474,146501],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146475,146476,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146477,146478],{"class":67},"lists ",[61,146480,72],{"class":71},[61,146482,56052],{"class":75},[61,146484,80],{"class":79},[61,146486,83],{"class":75},[61,146488,86],{"class":79},[61,146490,17819],{"class":75},[61,146492,76],{"class":75},[61,146494,1827],{"class":79},[61,146496,83],{"class":75},[61,146498,693],{"class":79},[61,146500,53000],{"class":75},[61,146502,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146504,130],{"class":129},[61,146506,109],{"class":75},[61,146508,145851],{"class":129},[61,146510,109],{"class":75},[61,146512,290],{"class":112},[61,146514,154],{"class":75},[14,146516,146517,146519],{},[18,146518,145728],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[408,146521,146523],{"id":146522},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146525,1570],{},[52,146527,146529],{"className":54,"code":146528,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146530,146531,146555],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146532,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146534,712],{"class":67},[61,146536,72],{"class":71},[61,146538,76],{"class":75},[61,146540,80],{"class":79},[61,146542,83],{"class":75},[61,146544,86],{"class":79},[61,146546,83],{"class":75},[61,146548,522],{"class":190},[61,146550,1827],{"class":194},[61,146552,816],{"class":190},[61,146554,94],{"class":75},[61,146556,146557,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146558,130],{"class":129},[61,146560,109],{"class":75},[61,146562,145851],{"class":129},[61,146564,109],{"class":75},[61,146566,743],{"class":112},[61,146568,154],{"class":75},[14,146570,146571],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146573,146574,146575,146577,146578,244],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[18,146576,65691],{},", convert them first. See ",[235,146579,2723],{"href":2722},[47,146581,41261],{"id":41260},[14,146583,146584,146585,244],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,146586,145728],{},[408,146588,6284],{"id":6283},[14,146590,4287],{},[52,146592,146594],{"className":54,"code":146593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sum(5))\n",[18,146595,146596],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146597,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146599,130],{"class":129},[61,146601,109],{"class":75},[61,146603,145851],{"class":129},[61,146605,109],{"class":75},[61,146607,645],{"class":79},[61,146609,154],{"class":75},[14,146611,146612],{},"Why it fails:",[26,146614,146615,146620],{},[29,146616,146617,146619],{},[18,146618,645],{}," is a single integer",[29,146621,146622,146624],{},[18,146623,145728],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146626,6314],{},[52,146628,146630],{"className":54,"code":146629,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sum([5]))\n",[18,146631,146632],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146633,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146635,130],{"class":129},[61,146637,109],{"class":75},[61,146639,145851],{"class":129},[61,146641,1126],{"class":75},[61,146643,645],{"class":79},[61,146645,2758],{"class":75},[14,146647,157],{},[52,146649,146650],{"className":54,"code":2707,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,146651,146652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146653,146654],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146655,2707],{"class":79},[408,146657,146659],{"id":146658},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146661,4287],{},[52,146663,146665],{"className":54,"code":146664,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146666,146667,146699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146668,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146670,712],{"class":67},[61,146672,72],{"class":71},[61,146674,76],{"class":75},[61,146676,816],{"class":190},[61,146678,80],{"class":194},[61,146680,816],{"class":190},[61,146682,83],{"class":75},[61,146684,522],{"class":190},[61,146686,1821],{"class":194},[61,146688,816],{"class":190},[61,146690,83],{"class":75},[61,146692,522],{"class":190},[61,146694,1827],{"class":194},[61,146696,816],{"class":190},[61,146698,94],{"class":75},[61,146700,146701,146703,146705,146707,146709,146711],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146702,130],{"class":129},[61,146704,109],{"class":75},[61,146706,145851],{"class":129},[61,146708,109],{"class":75},[61,146710,743],{"class":112},[61,146712,154],{"class":75},[14,146714,146715],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[52,146717,146719],{"className":54,"code":146718,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146720,146721,146753,146781],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146722,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146724,712],{"class":67},[61,146726,72],{"class":71},[61,146728,76],{"class":75},[61,146730,816],{"class":190},[61,146732,80],{"class":194},[61,146734,816],{"class":190},[61,146736,83],{"class":75},[61,146738,522],{"class":190},[61,146740,1821],{"class":194},[61,146742,816],{"class":190},[61,146744,83],{"class":75},[61,146746,522],{"class":190},[61,146748,1827],{"class":194},[61,146750,816],{"class":190},[61,146752,94],{"class":75},[61,146754,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146756,40939],{"class":67},[61,146758,72],{"class":71},[61,146760,145781],{"class":129},[61,146762,109],{"class":75},[61,146764,1279],{"class":105},[61,146766,109],{"class":75},[61,146768,1936],{"class":112},[61,146770,3417],{"class":75},[61,146772,3635],{"class":3634},[61,146774,3638],{"class":112},[61,146776,3641],{"class":3634},[61,146778,3644],{"class":112},[61,146780,116],{"class":75},[61,146782,146783,146785,146787,146789],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,146784,130],{"class":129},[61,146786,109],{"class":75},[61,146788,40968],{"class":112},[61,146790,116],{"class":75},[14,146792,157],{},[52,146794,146795],{"className":54,"code":2414,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,146796,146797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146798,146799],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146800,2414],{"class":79},[14,146802,146803],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[408,146805,146807],{"id":146806},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,146809,4287],{},[52,146811,146813],{"className":54,"code":146812,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146814,146815,146843],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146816,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146818,712],{"class":67},[61,146820,72],{"class":71},[61,146822,76],{"class":75},[61,146824,80],{"class":79},[61,146826,83],{"class":75},[61,146828,86],{"class":79},[61,146830,83],{"class":75},[61,146832,522],{"class":190},[61,146834,1827],{"class":194},[61,146836,816],{"class":190},[61,146838,83],{"class":75},[61,146840,693],{"class":79},[61,146842,94],{"class":75},[61,146844,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146846,130],{"class":129},[61,146848,109],{"class":75},[61,146850,145851],{"class":129},[61,146852,109],{"class":75},[61,146854,743],{"class":112},[61,146856,154],{"class":75},[14,146858,146859],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[52,146861,146863],{"className":54,"code":146862,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146864,146865,146893,146921],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146866,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146868,712],{"class":67},[61,146870,72],{"class":71},[61,146872,76],{"class":75},[61,146874,80],{"class":79},[61,146876,83],{"class":75},[61,146878,86],{"class":79},[61,146880,83],{"class":75},[61,146882,522],{"class":190},[61,146884,1827],{"class":194},[61,146886,816],{"class":190},[61,146888,83],{"class":75},[61,146890,693],{"class":79},[61,146892,94],{"class":75},[61,146894,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,146896,40939],{"class":67},[61,146898,72],{"class":71},[61,146900,145781],{"class":129},[61,146902,109],{"class":75},[61,146904,1279],{"class":105},[61,146906,109],{"class":75},[61,146908,1936],{"class":112},[61,146910,3417],{"class":75},[61,146912,3635],{"class":3634},[61,146914,3638],{"class":112},[61,146916,3641],{"class":3634},[61,146918,3644],{"class":112},[61,146920,116],{"class":75},[61,146922,146923,146925,146927,146929],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,146924,130],{"class":129},[61,146926,109],{"class":75},[61,146928,40968],{"class":112},[61,146930,116],{"class":75},[14,146932,157],{},[52,146934,146935],{"className":54,"code":2137,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,146936,146937],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146938,146939],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146940,2137],{"class":79},[408,146942,8175,146944,146946],{"id":146943},"using-sum-to-join-text",[18,146945,145728],{}," to join text",[14,146948,4287],{},[52,146950,146952],{"className":54,"code":146951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[18,146953,146954,147010],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146955,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146957,35847],{"class":67},[61,146959,72],{"class":71},[61,146961,76],{"class":75},[61,146963,816],{"class":190},[61,146965,133852],{"class":194},[61,146967,816],{"class":190},[61,146969,83],{"class":75},[61,146971,522],{"class":190},[61,146973,11499],{"class":194},[61,146975,816],{"class":190},[61,146977,83],{"class":75},[61,146979,522],{"class":190},[61,146981,590],{"class":194},[61,146983,816],{"class":190},[61,146985,83],{"class":75},[61,146987,522],{"class":190},[61,146989,1344],{"class":194},[61,146991,816],{"class":190},[61,146993,83],{"class":75},[61,146995,522],{"class":190},[61,146997,1379],{"class":194},[61,146999,816],{"class":190},[61,147001,83],{"class":75},[61,147003,522],{"class":190},[61,147005,75776],{"class":194},[61,147007,816],{"class":190},[61,147009,94],{"class":75},[61,147011,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147013,130],{"class":129},[61,147015,109],{"class":75},[61,147017,145851],{"class":129},[61,147019,109],{"class":75},[61,147021,35900],{"class":112},[61,147023,154],{"class":75},[14,147025,204,147026,60286],{},[18,147027,133176],{},[52,147029,147031],{"className":54,"code":147030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[18,147032,147033,147089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147034,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147036,35847],{"class":67},[61,147038,72],{"class":71},[61,147040,76],{"class":75},[61,147042,816],{"class":190},[61,147044,133852],{"class":194},[61,147046,816],{"class":190},[61,147048,83],{"class":75},[61,147050,522],{"class":190},[61,147052,11499],{"class":194},[61,147054,816],{"class":190},[61,147056,83],{"class":75},[61,147058,522],{"class":190},[61,147060,590],{"class":194},[61,147062,816],{"class":190},[61,147064,83],{"class":75},[61,147066,522],{"class":190},[61,147068,1344],{"class":194},[61,147070,816],{"class":190},[61,147072,83],{"class":75},[61,147074,522],{"class":190},[61,147076,1379],{"class":194},[61,147078,816],{"class":190},[61,147080,83],{"class":75},[61,147082,522],{"class":190},[61,147084,75776],{"class":194},[61,147086,816],{"class":190},[61,147088,94],{"class":75},[61,147090,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147092,130],{"class":129},[61,147094,109],{"class":75},[61,147096,6031],{"class":190},[61,147098,244],{"class":75},[61,147100,133253],{"class":112},[61,147102,109],{"class":75},[61,147104,35900],{"class":112},[61,147106,154],{"class":75},[14,147108,157],{},[52,147110,147111],{"className":54,"code":133933,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,147112,147113],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147114,147115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147116,133933],{"class":67},[14,147118,147119,147120,244],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[235,147121,147122],{"href":135014},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[47,147124,147126,147128],{"id":147125},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[18,147127,145728],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147130,147131,147133],{},[18,147132,145728],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[408,147135,8175,147137],{"id":147136},"using-sum",[18,147138,145728],{},[52,147140,147142],{"className":54,"code":147141,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147143,147144,147164,147178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147145,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147147,68],{"class":67},[61,147149,72],{"class":71},[61,147151,76],{"class":75},[61,147153,1129],{"class":79},[61,147155,83],{"class":75},[61,147157,1134],{"class":79},[61,147159,83],{"class":75},[61,147161,53894],{"class":79},[61,147163,94],{"class":75},[61,147165,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147167,40939],{"class":67},[61,147169,72],{"class":71},[61,147171,145781],{"class":129},[61,147173,109],{"class":75},[61,147175,113],{"class":112},[61,147177,116],{"class":75},[61,147179,147180,147182,147184,147186],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,147181,130],{"class":129},[61,147183,109],{"class":75},[61,147185,40968],{"class":112},[61,147187,116],{"class":75},[408,147189,147191],{"id":147190},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[52,147193,147195],{"className":54,"code":147194,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,147196,147197,147217,147225,147229,147241,147249,147253],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147198,147199,147201,147203,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147200,68],{"class":67},[61,147202,72],{"class":71},[61,147204,76],{"class":75},[61,147206,1129],{"class":79},[61,147208,83],{"class":75},[61,147210,1134],{"class":79},[61,147212,83],{"class":75},[61,147214,53894],{"class":79},[61,147216,94],{"class":75},[61,147218,147219,147221,147223],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147220,40939],{"class":67},[61,147222,72],{"class":71},[61,147224,38269],{"class":79},[61,147226,147227],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,147228,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,147230,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,147232,5717],{"class":3634},[61,147234,6145],{"class":67},[61,147236,3641],{"class":3634},[61,147238,4023],{"class":67},[61,147240,6152],{"class":75},[61,147242,147243,147245,147247],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,147244,89852],{"class":67},[61,147246,89855],{"class":71},[61,147248,89858],{"class":67},[61,147250,147251],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,147252,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,147254,147255,147257,147259,147261],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,147256,130],{"class":129},[61,147258,109],{"class":75},[61,147260,40968],{"class":112},[61,147262,116],{"class":75},[14,147264,147265],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147267,2247,147268,147270],{},[18,147269,145728],{}," is often better:",[26,147272,147273,147276,147279],{},[29,147274,147275],{},"Shorter code",[29,147277,147278],{},"Easier to read",[29,147280,147281],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147283,147284],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[26,147286,147287,147290,147293],{},[29,147288,147289],{},"You need to skip some values",[29,147291,147292],{},"You need extra checks",[29,147294,147295],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147297,147298,147299,147302,147303,147305],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[235,147300,147301],{"href":39765},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[18,147304,145728],{}," on the filtered result.",[47,147307,2590],{"id":2589},[14,147309,147310,147311,824],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[18,147312,145728],{},[26,147314,147315,147321,147328,147335],{},[29,147316,147317,147318],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[18,147319,147320],{},"sum(5)",[29,147322,147323,147324,147327],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[18,147325,147326],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[29,147329,8175,147330,147332,147333],{},[18,147331,145728],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[18,147334,133176],{},[29,147336,147337],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147339,8634,147340,147342],{},[18,147341,145728],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[52,147344,147346],{"className":54,"code":147345,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[18,147347,147348,147358,147372,147396],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147349,147350,147352,147354,147356],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147351,130],{"class":129},[61,147353,109],{"class":75},[61,147355,743],{"class":112},[61,147357,116],{"class":75},[61,147359,147360,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147361,130],{"class":129},[61,147363,109],{"class":75},[61,147365,147],{"class":105},[61,147367,109],{"class":75},[61,147369,743],{"class":112},[61,147371,154],{"class":75},[61,147373,147374,147376,147378,147380,147382,147384,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,147375,130],{"class":129},[61,147377,1126],{"class":75},[61,147379,147],{"class":105},[61,147381,109],{"class":75},[61,147383,1936],{"class":112},[61,147385,3417],{"class":75},[61,147387,3635],{"class":3634},[61,147389,3638],{"class":112},[61,147391,3641],{"class":3634},[61,147393,3644],{"class":112},[61,147395,1137],{"class":75},[61,147397,147398,147400,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,147399,130],{"class":129},[61,147401,109],{"class":75},[61,147403,145851],{"class":129},[61,147405,1126],{"class":75},[61,147407,1279],{"class":105},[61,147409,109],{"class":75},[61,147411,1936],{"class":112},[61,147413,3417],{"class":75},[61,147415,3635],{"class":3634},[61,147417,3638],{"class":112},[61,147419,3641],{"class":3634},[61,147421,3644],{"class":112},[61,147423,2758],{"class":75},[14,147425,135747],{},[26,147427,147428,147434,147440,147445],{},[29,147429,147430,147433],{},[18,147431,147432],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[29,147435,147436,147439],{},[18,147437,147438],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[29,147441,147442,135769],{},[18,147443,147444],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[29,147446,147447,147450],{},[18,147448,147449],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[47,147452,1620],{"id":1619},[408,147454,4905,147456,4908],{"id":147455},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[18,147457,145728],{},[14,147459,147460],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[408,147462,4933,147464,147466],{"id":147463},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[18,147465,145728],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147468,30025,147469,2638,147472,147475],{},[18,147470,147471],{},"''.join(...)",[18,147473,147474],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[408,147477,4933,147479,147481],{"id":147478},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[18,147480,145728],{}," work with floats?",[14,147483,147484],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[408,147486,147488,147489,2251],{"id":147487},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[18,147490,145728],{},[14,147492,147493,147494,147496],{},"It is the optional ",[18,147495,35829],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[408,147498,4921,147500,119134,147502,2251],{"id":147499},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[18,147501,145728],{},[18,147503,1272],{},[14,147505,147506],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[47,147508,1664],{"id":1663},[26,147510,147511,147515,147521,147527,147533,147537,147541],{},[29,147512,147513],{},[235,147514,146211],{"href":2180},[29,147516,147517],{},[235,147518,3332,147519,3265],{"href":35952},[18,147520,618],{},[29,147522,147523],{},[235,147524,3332,147525,3265],{"href":42115},[18,147526,42118],{},[29,147528,147529],{},[235,147530,3332,147531,3265],{"href":41932},[18,147532,47442],{},[29,147534,147535],{},[235,147536,4985],{"href":39765},[29,147538,147539],{},[235,147540,3282],{"href":2722},[29,147542,147543],{},[235,147544,147122],{"href":135014},[1693,147546,147547],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":147549},[147550,147551,147553,147554,147555,147557,147565,147571,147578,147584,147585,147597],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":145807,"depth":97,"text":147552},"What sum() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":145985,"depth":97,"text":147556},"Using the start value",{"id":146087,"depth":97,"text":147558,"children":147559},"What sum() can work with",[147560,147561,147562,147564],{"id":40181,"depth":119,"text":40182},{"id":51804,"depth":119,"text":146153},{"id":146214,"depth":119,"text":147563},"Values from range()",{"id":146262,"depth":119,"text":146263},{"id":146336,"depth":97,"text":147566,"children":147567},"What sum() does not work with",[147568,147569,147570],{"id":146347,"depth":119,"text":146348},{"id":146464,"depth":119,"text":146465},{"id":146522,"depth":119,"text":146523},{"id":41260,"depth":97,"text":41261,"children":147572},[147573,147574,147575,147576],{"id":6283,"depth":119,"text":6284},{"id":146658,"depth":119,"text":146659},{"id":146806,"depth":119,"text":146807},{"id":146943,"depth":119,"text":147577},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147125,"depth":97,"text":147579,"children":147580},"sum() vs manual loop",[147581,147583],{"id":147136,"depth":119,"text":147582},"Using sum()",{"id":147190,"depth":119,"text":147191},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":147586},[147587,147589,147591,147593,147595],{"id":147455,"depth":119,"text":147588},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147463,"depth":119,"text":147590},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147478,"depth":119,"text":147592},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147487,"depth":119,"text":147594},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147499,"depth":119,"text":147596},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145720,"description":147598},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147605,"title":147606,"body":147607,"description":149007,"extension":1727,"meta":149008,"navigation":122,"path":149009,"seo":149010,"stem":149011,"__hash__":149012},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147608,"toc":148975},[147609,147615,147621,147624,147687,147693,147698,147702,147719,147731,147735,147755,147769,147771,147864,147866,147880,147882,147885,147974,147976,147984,147993,147995,147999,148020,148022,148114,148116,148137,148139,148143,148157,148159,148233,148235,148254,148258,148261,148284,148286,148397,148404,148412,148414,148420,148423,148466,148469,148492,148500,148504,148579,148585,148610,148617,148620,148623,148627,148632,148720,148728,148732,148735,148760,148764,148825,148829,148878,148888,148890,148895,148898,148904,148907,148911,148915,148921,148924,148932,148940,148942,148972],[10,147610,147612,147613,11075],{"id":147611},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[18,147614,57049],{},[14,147616,147617,147620],{},[18,147618,147619],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147622,147623],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[52,147625,147627],{"className":54,"code":147626,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,147628,147629,147657,147675],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147630,147631,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147632,68],{"class":67},[61,147634,72],{"class":71},[61,147636,1048],{"class":75},[61,147638,80],{"class":79},[61,147640,83],{"class":75},[61,147642,86],{"class":79},[61,147644,83],{"class":75},[61,147646,86],{"class":79},[61,147648,83],{"class":75},[61,147650,91],{"class":79},[61,147652,83],{"class":75},[61,147654,86],{"class":79},[61,147656,116],{"class":75},[61,147658,147659,147661,147663,147665,147667,147669,147671,147673],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147660,100],{"class":67},[61,147662,72],{"class":71},[61,147664,4023],{"class":67},[61,147666,244],{"class":75},[61,147668,41016],{"class":112},[61,147670,109],{"class":75},[61,147672,1821],{"class":79},[61,147674,116],{"class":75},[61,147676,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,147678,130],{"class":129},[61,147680,109],{"class":75},[61,147682,135],{"class":112},[61,147684,3417],{"class":75},[61,147686,50528],{"class":3420},[14,147688,204,147689,147692],{},[18,147690,147691],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[47,147694,3435,147696,3438],{"id":147695},"what-tuplecount-does",[18,147697,147619],{},[14,147699,147700,824],{},[18,147701,147691],{},[26,147703,147704,147710,147713,147716],{},[29,147705,147706,147707,147709],{},"Returns the number of times ",[18,147708,1605],{}," appears in the tuple",[29,147711,147712],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[29,147714,147715],{},"Returns an integer",[29,147717,147718],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147720,147721,147722,147724,147725,2638,147727,244],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[18,147723,57049],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[235,147726,243],{"href":242},[235,147728,147730],{"href":147729},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[47,147732,147734],{"id":147733},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[52,147736,147738],{"className":54,"code":147737,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[18,147739,147740],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147741,147742,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147743,147744],{"class":67},"my_tuple",[61,147746,244],{"class":75},[61,147748,41016],{"class":112},[61,147750,109],{"class":75},[61,147752,1605],{"class":112},[61,147754,116],{"class":75},[26,147756,147757,147761,147764],{},[29,147758,147759,57214],{},[18,147760,1605],{},[29,147762,147763],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[29,147765,147766,147767],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[18,147768,675],{},[408,147770,102853],{"id":102852},[52,147772,147774],{"className":54,"code":147773,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[18,147775,147776,147816,147840],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147777,147778,147780,147782,147784,147786,147788,147790,147792,147794,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147779,12831],{"class":67},[61,147781,72],{"class":71},[61,147783,1048],{"class":75},[61,147785,816],{"class":190},[61,147787,12848],{"class":194},[61,147789,816],{"class":190},[61,147791,83],{"class":75},[61,147793,522],{"class":190},[61,147795,12865],{"class":194},[61,147797,816],{"class":190},[61,147799,83],{"class":75},[61,147801,522],{"class":190},[61,147803,12848],{"class":194},[61,147805,816],{"class":190},[61,147807,83],{"class":75},[61,147809,522],{"class":190},[61,147811,17212],{"class":194},[61,147813,816],{"class":190},[61,147815,116],{"class":75},[61,147817,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147819,130],{"class":129},[61,147821,109],{"class":75},[61,147823,17259],{"class":112},[61,147825,244],{"class":75},[61,147827,41016],{"class":112},[61,147829,109],{"class":75},[61,147831,816],{"class":190},[61,147833,12848],{"class":194},[61,147835,816],{"class":190},[61,147837,5122],{"class":75},[61,147839,57404],{"class":3420},[61,147841,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850,147852,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,147843,130],{"class":129},[61,147845,109],{"class":75},[61,147847,17259],{"class":112},[61,147849,244],{"class":75},[61,147851,41016],{"class":112},[61,147853,109],{"class":75},[61,147855,816],{"class":190},[61,147857,22281],{"class":194},[61,147859,816],{"class":190},[61,147861,5122],{"class":75},[61,147863,51005],{"class":3420},[14,147865,19713],{},[26,147867,147868,147873],{},[29,147869,147870,147872],{},[18,147871,65138],{}," appears 2 times",[29,147874,147875,147877,147878],{},[18,147876,109548],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[18,147879,675],{},[47,147881,11228],{"id":11227},[14,147883,147884],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[52,147886,147888],{"className":54,"code":147887,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,147889,147890,147938,147942,147964],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147891,147892,147894,147896,147898,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916,147918,147920,147922,147924,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147893,35995],{"class":67},[61,147895,72],{"class":71},[61,147897,1048],{"class":75},[61,147899,816],{"class":190},[61,147901,3838],{"class":194},[61,147903,816],{"class":190},[61,147905,83],{"class":75},[61,147907,522],{"class":190},[61,147909,3847],{"class":194},[61,147911,816],{"class":190},[61,147913,83],{"class":75},[61,147915,522],{"class":190},[61,147917,3838],{"class":194},[61,147919,816],{"class":190},[61,147921,83],{"class":75},[61,147923,522],{"class":190},[61,147925,32976],{"class":194},[61,147927,816],{"class":190},[61,147929,83],{"class":75},[61,147931,522],{"class":190},[61,147933,3838],{"class":194},[61,147935,816],{"class":190},[61,147937,116],{"class":75},[61,147939,147940],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,147941,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,147943,147944,147946,147948,147950,147952,147954,147956,147958,147960,147962],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,147945,100],{"class":67},[61,147947,72],{"class":71},[61,147949,52609],{"class":67},[61,147951,244],{"class":75},[61,147953,41016],{"class":112},[61,147955,109],{"class":75},[61,147957,816],{"class":190},[61,147959,3838],{"class":194},[61,147961,816],{"class":190},[61,147963,116],{"class":75},[61,147965,147966,147968,147970,147972],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,147967,130],{"class":129},[61,147969,109],{"class":75},[61,147971,135],{"class":112},[61,147973,116],{"class":75},[14,147975,157],{},[52,147977,147978],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,147979,147980],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147981,147982],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147983,46375],{"class":79},[14,147985,147986,147988,147989,2158,147991,244],{},[18,147987,57592],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[18,147990,57049],{},[18,147992,1827],{},[47,147994,37777],{"id":37776},[14,147996,57303,147997,128482],{},[18,147998,57049],{},[26,148000,148001,148006,148011,148014],{},[29,148002,11177,148003,148005],{},[18,148004,675],{}," when the value does not exist",[29,148007,11177,148008,148010],{},[18,148009,80],{}," when the value appears once",[29,148012,148013],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[29,148015,148016,148017,148019],{},"The result can be used in ",[18,148018,6758],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148021,1109],{},[52,148023,148025],{"className":54,"code":148024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[18,148026,148027,148068,148072,148099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148028,148029,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148030,148031],{"class":67},"answers ",[61,148033,72],{"class":71},[61,148035,1048],{"class":75},[61,148037,816],{"class":190},[61,148039,8416],{"class":194},[61,148041,816],{"class":190},[61,148043,83],{"class":75},[61,148045,522],{"class":190},[61,148047,8356],{"class":194},[61,148049,816],{"class":190},[61,148051,83],{"class":75},[61,148053,522],{"class":190},[61,148055,8416],{"class":194},[61,148057,816],{"class":190},[61,148059,83],{"class":75},[61,148061,522],{"class":190},[61,148063,8416],{"class":194},[61,148065,816],{"class":190},[61,148067,116],{"class":75},[61,148069,148070],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148071,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,148073,148074,148076,148079,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091,148093,148095,148097],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,148075,6758],{"class":3634},[61,148077,148078],{"class":67}," answers",[61,148080,244],{"class":75},[61,148082,41016],{"class":112},[61,148084,109],{"class":75},[61,148086,816],{"class":190},[61,148088,8416],{"class":194},[61,148090,816],{"class":190},[61,148092,3417],{"class":75},[61,148094,38152],{"class":71},[61,148096,680],{"class":79},[61,148098,6152],{"class":75},[61,148100,148101,148103,148105,148107,148110,148112],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,148102,7827],{"class":129},[61,148104,109],{"class":75},[61,148106,816],{"class":190},[61,148108,148109],{"class":194},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[61,148111,816],{"class":190},[61,148113,116],{"class":75},[14,148115,157],{},[52,148117,148119],{"className":54,"code":148118,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[18,148120,148121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148122,148123,148126,148128,148130,148132,148135],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148124,148125],{"class":67},"The answer ",[61,148127,198],{"class":190},[61,148129,8416],{"class":194},[61,148131,198],{"class":190},[61,148133,148134],{"class":67}," appears more than once",[61,148136,122128],{"class":75},[47,148138,40802],{"id":40801},[14,148140,35161,148141,104316],{},[18,148142,147619],{},[26,148144,148145,148148,148151,148154],{},[29,148146,148147],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[29,148149,148150],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[29,148152,148153],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[29,148155,148156],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148158,1109],{},[52,148160,148162],{"className":54,"code":148161,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[18,148163,148164,148192,148196,148218],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148165,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148167,4826],{"class":67},[61,148169,72],{"class":71},[61,148171,1048],{"class":75},[61,148173,430],{"class":79},[61,148175,83],{"class":75},[61,148177,435],{"class":79},[61,148179,83],{"class":75},[61,148181,5763],{"class":79},[61,148183,83],{"class":75},[61,148185,440],{"class":79},[61,148187,83],{"class":75},[61,148189,5763],{"class":79},[61,148191,116],{"class":75},[61,148193,148194],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148195,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,148197,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,148199,6758],{"class":3634},[61,148201,4873],{"class":67},[61,148203,244],{"class":75},[61,148205,41016],{"class":112},[61,148207,109],{"class":75},[61,148209,430],{"class":79},[61,148211,3417],{"class":75},[61,148213,51046],{"class":71},[61,148215,86],{"class":79},[61,148217,6152],{"class":75},[61,148219,148220,148222,148224,148226,148229,148231],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,148221,7827],{"class":129},[61,148223,109],{"class":75},[61,148225,816],{"class":190},[61,148227,148228],{"class":194},"The score 10 is repeated.",[61,148230,816],{"class":190},[61,148232,116],{"class":75},[14,148234,157],{},[52,148236,148238],{"className":54,"code":148237,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[18,148239,148240],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148241,148242,148245,148247,148249,148252],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148243,148244],{"class":67},"The score ",[61,148246,430],{"class":79},[61,148248,1287],{"class":71},[61,148250,148251],{"class":67}," repeated",[61,148253,122128],{"class":75},[47,148255,148257],{"id":148256},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148259,148260],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[26,148262,148263,148269,148274,148277],{},[29,148264,148265,148266,148268],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[18,148267,57049],{}," still works because it only reads data",[29,148270,148271,148273],{},[18,148272,57049],{}," counts exact matches",[29,148275,148276],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[29,148278,148279,4154,148281,148283],{},[18,148280,80],{},[18,148282,41915],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148285,1109],{},[52,148287,148289],{"className":54,"code":148288,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[18,148290,148291,148325,148329,148349,148373],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148292,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303,148306,148308,148310,148313,148315,148317,148319,148321,148323],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148294,712],{"class":67},[61,148296,72],{"class":71},[61,148298,1048],{"class":75},[61,148300,80],{"class":79},[61,148302,83],{"class":75},[61,148304,148305],{"class":79}," 1.0",[61,148307,83],{"class":75},[61,148309,522],{"class":190},[61,148311,148312],{"class":194},"Cat",[61,148314,816],{"class":190},[61,148316,83],{"class":75},[61,148318,522],{"class":190},[61,148320,525],{"class":194},[61,148322,816],{"class":190},[61,148324,116],{"class":75},[61,148326,148327],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148328,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,148330,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339,148341,148343,148345,148347],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,148332,130],{"class":129},[61,148334,109],{"class":75},[61,148336,743],{"class":112},[61,148338,244],{"class":75},[61,148340,41016],{"class":112},[61,148342,109],{"class":75},[61,148344,80],{"class":79},[61,148346,5122],{"class":75},[61,148348,50852],{"class":3420},[61,148350,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363,148365,148367,148369,148371],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,148352,130],{"class":129},[61,148354,109],{"class":75},[61,148356,743],{"class":112},[61,148358,244],{"class":75},[61,148360,41016],{"class":112},[61,148362,109],{"class":75},[61,148364,816],{"class":190},[61,148366,148312],{"class":194},[61,148368,816],{"class":190},[61,148370,5122],{"class":75},[61,148372,27536],{"class":3420},[61,148374,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,148376,130],{"class":129},[61,148378,109],{"class":75},[61,148380,743],{"class":112},[61,148382,244],{"class":75},[61,148384,41016],{"class":112},[61,148386,109],{"class":75},[61,148388,816],{"class":190},[61,148390,525],{"class":194},[61,148392,816],{"class":190},[61,148394,5122],{"class":75},[61,148396,27536],{"class":3420},[14,148398,4921,148399,4924,148402,2251],{},[18,148400,148401],{},"values.count(1)",[18,148403,1821],{},[14,148405,8544,148406,4545,148409,148411],{},[18,148407,148408],{},"1 == 1.0",[18,148410,3361],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[47,148413,2590],{"id":2589},[408,148415,8175,148417,148419],{"id":148416},"using-count-without-parentheses",[18,148418,41016],{}," without parentheses",[14,148421,148422],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[52,148424,148426],{"className":54,"code":148425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[18,148427,148428,148452],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148429,148430,148432,148434,148436,148438,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148431,68],{"class":67},[61,148433,72],{"class":71},[61,148435,1048],{"class":75},[61,148437,80],{"class":79},[61,148439,83],{"class":75},[61,148441,86],{"class":79},[61,148443,83],{"class":75},[61,148445,86],{"class":79},[61,148447,83],{"class":75},[61,148449,91],{"class":79},[61,148451,116],{"class":75},[61,148453,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148455,130],{"class":129},[61,148457,109],{"class":75},[61,148459,113],{"class":112},[61,148461,244],{"class":75},[61,148463,41016],{"class":24507},[61,148465,116],{"class":75},[14,148467,148468],{},"To call the method correctly:",[52,148470,148472],{"className":54,"code":148471,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[18,148473,148474],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148475,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484,148486,148488,148490],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148477,130],{"class":129},[61,148479,109],{"class":75},[61,148481,113],{"class":112},[61,148483,244],{"class":75},[61,148485,41016],{"class":112},[61,148487,109],{"class":75},[61,148489,1821],{"class":79},[61,148491,154],{"class":75},[408,148493,8211,148494,8214,148496,2638,148498],{"id":58352},[18,148495,57049],{},[18,148497,3361],{},[18,148499,3431],{},[14,148501,148502,58363],{},[18,148503,57049],{},[52,148505,148507],{"className":54,"code":148506,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[18,148508,148509,148541,148563,148567],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148510,148511,148513,148515,148517,148519,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148512,35847],{"class":67},[61,148514,72],{"class":71},[61,148516,1048],{"class":75},[61,148518,816],{"class":190},[61,148520,235],{"class":194},[61,148522,816],{"class":190},[61,148524,83],{"class":75},[61,148526,522],{"class":190},[61,148528,1480],{"class":194},[61,148530,816],{"class":190},[61,148532,83],{"class":75},[61,148534,522],{"class":190},[61,148536,235],{"class":194},[61,148538,816],{"class":190},[61,148540,116],{"class":75},[61,148542,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148544,100],{"class":67},[61,148546,72],{"class":71},[61,148548,69842],{"class":67},[61,148550,244],{"class":75},[61,148552,41016],{"class":112},[61,148554,109],{"class":75},[61,148556,816],{"class":190},[61,148558,235],{"class":194},[61,148560,816],{"class":190},[61,148562,116],{"class":75},[61,148564,148565],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,148566,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,148568,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,148570,130],{"class":129},[61,148572,109],{"class":75},[61,148574,135],{"class":112},[61,148576,3417],{"class":75},[61,148578,51173],{"class":3420},[14,148580,148581,148582,148584],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[18,148583,3641],{}," is often simpler:",[52,148586,148588],{"className":54,"code":148587,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[18,148589,148590],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148591,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148593,130],{"class":129},[61,148595,109],{"class":75},[61,148597,816],{"class":190},[61,148599,235],{"class":194},[61,148601,816],{"class":190},[61,148603,20930],{"class":3634},[61,148605,69842],{"class":112},[61,148607,3417],{"class":75},[61,148609,3421],{"class":3420},[408,148611,36960,148613,8463,148615],{"id":148612},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[18,148614,147619],{},[18,148616,57054],{},[14,148618,148619],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148621,148622],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[408,148624,148626],{"id":148625},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148628,148629,148631],{},[18,148630,57049],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[52,148633,148635],{"className":54,"code":148634,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[18,148636,148637,148670,148696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148638,148639,148641,148643,148645,148647,148649,148651,148653,148655,148658,148660,148662,148664,148666,148668],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148640,3829],{"class":67},[61,148642,72],{"class":71},[61,148644,1048],{"class":75},[61,148646,816],{"class":190},[61,148648,3838],{"class":194},[61,148650,816],{"class":190},[61,148652,83],{"class":75},[61,148654,522],{"class":190},[61,148656,148657],{"class":194},"pineapple",[61,148659,816],{"class":190},[61,148661,83],{"class":75},[61,148663,522],{"class":190},[61,148665,3838],{"class":194},[61,148667,816],{"class":190},[61,148669,116],{"class":75},[61,148671,148672,148674,148676,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686,148689,148691,148693],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148673,130],{"class":129},[61,148675,109],{"class":75},[61,148677,3873],{"class":112},[61,148679,244],{"class":75},[61,148681,41016],{"class":112},[61,148683,109],{"class":75},[61,148685,816],{"class":190},[61,148687,148688],{"class":194},"app",[61,148690,816],{"class":190},[61,148692,5122],{"class":75},[61,148694,148695],{"class":3420},"    # 0\n",[61,148697,148698,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,148699,130],{"class":129},[61,148701,109],{"class":75},[61,148703,3873],{"class":112},[61,148705,244],{"class":75},[61,148707,41016],{"class":112},[61,148709,109],{"class":75},[61,148711,816],{"class":190},[61,148713,3838],{"class":194},[61,148715,816],{"class":190},[61,148717,5122],{"class":75},[61,148719,51173],{"class":3420},[14,148721,148722,148725,148726,244],{},[18,148723,148724],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[18,148727,675],{},[47,148729,148731],{"id":148730},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148733,148734],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[26,148736,148737,148742,148751,148757],{},[29,148738,204,148739,148741],{},[18,148740,3641],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[29,148743,204,148744,148750],{},[235,148745,148747,148748],{"href":148746},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[18,148749,58727],{}," to find the position of a value",[29,148752,204,148753,148756],{},[18,148754,148755],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[29,148758,148759],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,148761,45798,148762,824],{},[18,148763,3641],{},[52,148765,148767],{"className":54,"code":148766,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[18,148768,148769,148789,148793,148809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148770,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148772,68],{"class":67},[61,148774,72],{"class":71},[61,148776,1048],{"class":75},[61,148778,1129],{"class":79},[61,148780,83],{"class":75},[61,148782,1134],{"class":79},[61,148784,83],{"class":75},[61,148786,53894],{"class":79},[61,148788,116],{"class":75},[61,148790,148791],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148792,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,148794,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805,148807],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,148796,130],{"class":129},[61,148798,109],{"class":75},[61,148800,1789],{"class":79},[61,148802,20930],{"class":3634},[61,148804,4023],{"class":112},[61,148806,3417],{"class":75},[61,148808,43613],{"class":3420},[61,148810,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,148812,130],{"class":129},[61,148814,109],{"class":75},[61,148816,645],{"class":79},[61,148818,20930],{"class":3634},[61,148820,4023],{"class":112},[61,148822,3417],{"class":75},[61,148824,43630],{"class":3420},[14,148826,45798,148827,824],{},[18,148828,58727],{},[52,148830,148832],{"className":54,"code":148831,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[18,148833,148834,148858],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148835,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148837,68],{"class":67},[61,148839,72],{"class":71},[61,148841,1048],{"class":75},[61,148843,1129],{"class":79},[61,148845,83],{"class":75},[61,148847,1134],{"class":79},[61,148849,83],{"class":75},[61,148851,53894],{"class":79},[61,148853,83],{"class":75},[61,148855,1134],{"class":79},[61,148857,116],{"class":75},[61,148859,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,148861,130],{"class":129},[61,148863,109],{"class":75},[61,148865,113],{"class":112},[61,148867,244],{"class":75},[61,148869,35602],{"class":112},[61,148871,109],{"class":75},[61,148873,1789],{"class":79},[61,148875,5122],{"class":75},[61,148877,27536],{"class":3420},[14,148879,148880,148882,148883,148885,148887],{},[18,148881,57049],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9598,148884],{},[18,148886,58727],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[47,148889,1620],{"id":1619},[408,148891,4905,148893,4908],{"id":148892},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[18,148894,147619],{},[14,148896,148897],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[408,148899,12459,148901,148903],{"id":148900},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[18,148902,147619],{}," change the tuple?",[14,148905,148906],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[408,148908,148910],{"id":148909},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,148912,11665,148913,244],{},[18,148914,675],{},[408,148916,4933,148918,148920],{"id":148917},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[18,148919,147619],{}," count strings?",[14,148922,148923],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[408,148925,4943,148927,4154,148929,2251],{"id":148926},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[18,148928,147619],{},[18,148930,148931],{},"tuple.index()",[14,148933,148934,148936,148937,148939],{},[18,148935,57049],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[18,148938,58727],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[47,148941,1664],{"id":1663},[26,148943,148944,148948,148953,148960,148968],{},[29,148945,148946],{},[235,148947,243],{"href":242},[29,148949,148950],{},[235,148951,148952],{"href":147729},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[29,148954,148955],{},[235,148956,148957,148958,10492],{"href":148746},"Python tuple ",[18,148959,58727],{},[29,148961,148962],{},[235,148963,148965,148966],{"href":148964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[18,148967,42118],{},[29,148969,148970],{},[235,148971,58715],{"href":58714},[1693,148973,148974],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":148976},[148977,148979,148982,148983,148984,148985,148986,148994,148995,149006],{"id":147695,"depth":97,"text":148978},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147733,"depth":97,"text":147734,"children":148980},[148981],{"id":102852,"depth":119,"text":102853},{"id":11227,"depth":97,"text":11228},{"id":37776,"depth":97,"text":37777},{"id":40801,"depth":97,"text":40802},{"id":148256,"depth":97,"text":148257},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":148987},[148988,148990,148991,148993],{"id":148416,"depth":119,"text":148989},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58352,"depth":119,"text":58768},{"id":148612,"depth":119,"text":148992},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148625,"depth":119,"text":148626},{"id":148730,"depth":97,"text":148731},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":148996},[148997,148999,149001,149002,149004],{"id":148892,"depth":119,"text":148998},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148900,"depth":119,"text":149000},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148909,"depth":119,"text":148910},{"id":148917,"depth":119,"text":149003},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148926,"depth":119,"text":149005},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147606,"description":149007},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149014,"title":149015,"body":149016,"description":150693,"extension":1727,"meta":150694,"navigation":122,"path":150695,"seo":150696,"stem":150697,"__hash__":150698},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149017,"toc":150656},[149018,149021,149024,149031,149033,149160,149162,149223,149229,149231,149251,149255,149258,149261,149296,149298,149318,149321,149360,149362,149387,149394,149396,149399,149436,149438,149460,149463,149466,149478,149484,149488,149491,149497,149538,149540,149563,149566,149607,149609,149636,149638,149655,149657,149674,149677,149681,149684,149686,149720,149722,149769,149773,149812,149816,149819,149876,149878,149919,149925,149931,149936,149938,149975,149977,149997,149999,150032,150034,150067,150070,150074,150107,150109,150134,150137,150139,150153,150160,150162,150165,150169,150172,150207,150210,150245,150249,150252,150291,150294,150333,150337,150339,150369,150372,150379,150381,150413,150416,150448,150451,150482,150484,150501,150505,150508,150572,150574,150578,150585,150589,150592,150596,150599,150603,150606,150611,150617,150619,150653],[10,149019,149015],{"id":149020},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149022,149023],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149025,149026,149027,2638,149029,244],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[235,149028,238],{"href":237},[235,149030,243],{"href":242},[47,149032,50],{"id":49},[52,149034,149036],{"className":54,"code":149035,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[18,149037,149038,149058,149066,149079,149114,149118,149128,149138,149149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149039,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149041,68],{"class":67},[61,149043,72],{"class":71},[61,149045,1048],{"class":75},[61,149047,80],{"class":79},[61,149049,83],{"class":75},[61,149051,86],{"class":79},[61,149053,83],{"class":75},[61,149055,91],{"class":79},[61,149057,116],{"class":75},[61,149059,149060,149062,149064],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149061,325],{"class":67},[61,149063,72],{"class":71},[61,149065,402],{"class":75},[61,149067,149068,149071,149073,149075,149077],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,149069,149070],{"class":67},"one_item ",[61,149072,72],{"class":71},[61,149074,1048],{"class":75},[61,149076,645],{"class":79},[61,149078,1407],{"class":75},[61,149080,149081,149084,149086,149088,149090,149092,149094,149096,149098,149100,149102,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,149082,149083],{"class":67},"from_list ",[61,149085,72],{"class":71},[61,149087,106],{"class":105},[61,149089,1126],{"class":75},[61,149091,816],{"class":190},[61,149093,235],{"class":194},[61,149095,816],{"class":190},[61,149097,83],{"class":75},[61,149099,522],{"class":190},[61,149101,1480],{"class":194},[61,149103,816],{"class":190},[61,149105,83],{"class":75},[61,149107,522],{"class":190},[61,149109,573],{"class":194},[61,149111,816],{"class":190},[61,149113,1137],{"class":75},[61,149115,149116],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,149117,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,149119,149120,149122,149124,149126],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,149121,130],{"class":129},[61,149123,109],{"class":75},[61,149125,113],{"class":112},[61,149127,116],{"class":75},[61,149129,149130,149132,149134,149136],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,149131,130],{"class":129},[61,149133,109],{"class":75},[61,149135,344],{"class":112},[61,149137,116],{"class":75},[61,149139,149140,149142,149144,149147],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,149141,130],{"class":129},[61,149143,109],{"class":75},[61,149145,149146],{"class":112},"one_item",[61,149148,116],{"class":75},[61,149150,149151,149153,149155,149158],{"class":63,"line":6191},[61,149152,130],{"class":129},[61,149154,109],{"class":75},[61,149156,149157],{"class":112},"from_list",[61,149159,116],{"class":75},[14,149161,157],{},[52,149163,149165],{"className":54,"code":149164,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,149166,149167,149183,149187,149195],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149168,149169,149171,149173,149175,149177,149179,149181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149170,109],{"class":75},[61,149172,80],{"class":79},[61,149174,83],{"class":75},[61,149176,86],{"class":79},[61,149178,83],{"class":75},[61,149180,91],{"class":79},[61,149182,116],{"class":75},[61,149184,149185],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149186,263],{"class":75},[61,149188,149189,149191,149193],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,149190,109],{"class":75},[61,149192,645],{"class":79},[61,149194,1407],{"class":75},[61,149196,149197,149199,149201,149203,149205,149207,149209,149211,149213,149215,149217,149219,149221],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,149198,109],{"class":75},[61,149200,198],{"class":190},[61,149202,235],{"class":194},[61,149204,198],{"class":190},[61,149206,83],{"class":75},[61,149208,191],{"class":190},[61,149210,1480],{"class":194},[61,149212,198],{"class":190},[61,149214,83],{"class":75},[61,149216,191],{"class":190},[61,149218,573],{"class":194},[61,149220,198],{"class":190},[61,149222,116],{"class":75},[14,149224,149225,149226,244],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[18,149227,149228],{},"(5,)",[47,149230,14918],{"id":14917},[26,149232,149233,149236,149239,149242,149245,149248],{},[29,149234,149235],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[29,149237,149238],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[29,149240,149241],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[29,149243,149244],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[29,149246,149247],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[29,149249,149250],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[47,149252,149254],{"id":149253},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149256,149257],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149259,149260],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[52,149262,149264],{"className":54,"code":149263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149265,149266,149286],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149267,149268,149270,149272,149274,149276,149278,149280,149282,149284],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149269,68],{"class":67},[61,149271,72],{"class":71},[61,149273,1048],{"class":75},[61,149275,80],{"class":79},[61,149277,83],{"class":75},[61,149279,86],{"class":79},[61,149281,83],{"class":75},[61,149283,91],{"class":79},[61,149285,116],{"class":75},[61,149287,149288,149290,149292,149294],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149289,130],{"class":129},[61,149291,109],{"class":75},[61,149293,113],{"class":112},[61,149295,116],{"class":75},[14,149297,157],{},[52,149299,149300],{"className":54,"code":764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,149301,149302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149303,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312,149314,149316],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149305,109],{"class":75},[61,149307,80],{"class":79},[61,149309,83],{"class":75},[61,149311,86],{"class":79},[61,149313,83],{"class":75},[61,149315,91],{"class":79},[61,149317,116],{"class":75},[14,149319,149320],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[52,149322,149324],{"className":54,"code":149323,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[18,149325,149326,149350],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149327,149328,149330,149332,149334,149336,149338,149340,149342,149344,149346,149348],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149329,1459],{"class":67},[61,149331,72],{"class":71},[61,149333,1048],{"class":75},[61,149335,80],{"class":79},[61,149337,83],{"class":75},[61,149339,522],{"class":190},[61,149341,3838],{"class":194},[61,149343,816],{"class":190},[61,149345,83],{"class":75},[61,149347,3674],{"class":3609},[61,149349,116],{"class":75},[61,149351,149352,149354,149356,149358],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149353,130],{"class":129},[61,149355,109],{"class":75},[61,149357,1501],{"class":112},[61,149359,116],{"class":75},[14,149361,157],{},[52,149363,149365],{"className":54,"code":149364,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[18,149366,149367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149368,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379,149381,149383,149385],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149370,109],{"class":75},[61,149372,80],{"class":79},[61,149374,83],{"class":75},[61,149376,191],{"class":190},[61,149378,3838],{"class":194},[61,149380,198],{"class":190},[61,149382,83],{"class":75},[61,149384,3674],{"class":3609},[61,149386,116],{"class":75},[14,149388,149389,149390,244],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[235,149391,149393],{"href":149392},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[47,149395,309],{"id":308},[14,149397,149398],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[52,149400,149402],{"className":54,"code":149401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,149403,149404,149412,149422],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149405,149406,149408,149410],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149407,325],{"class":67},[61,149409,72],{"class":71},[61,149411,402],{"class":75},[61,149413,149414,149416,149418,149420],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149415,130],{"class":129},[61,149417,109],{"class":75},[61,149419,344],{"class":112},[61,149421,116],{"class":75},[61,149423,149424,149426,149428,149430,149432,149434],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,149425,130],{"class":129},[61,149427,109],{"class":75},[61,149429,147],{"class":105},[61,149431,109],{"class":75},[61,149433,344],{"class":112},[61,149435,154],{"class":75},[14,149437,157],{},[52,149439,149440],{"className":54,"code":365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,149441,149442,149446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149443,149444],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149445,263],{"class":75},[61,149447,149448,149450,149452,149454,149456,149458],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149449,183],{"class":71},[61,149451,187],{"class":186},[61,149453,191],{"class":190},[61,149455,195],{"class":194},[61,149457,198],{"class":190},[61,149459,201],{"class":71},[14,149461,149462],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149464,149465],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[26,149467,149468,149473],{},[29,149469,149470,149471],{},"Empty tuple: ",[18,149472,1637],{},[29,149474,149475,149476],{},"Empty list: ",[18,149477,3545],{},[14,149479,149480,149481,244],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[235,149482,149483],{"href":56912},"Python list: creating a list",[47,149485,149487],{"id":149486},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149489,149490],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149492,149493,149494,149496],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[603,149495,605],{}," automatically a tuple:",[52,149498,149500],{"className":54,"code":149499,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,149501,149502,149514,149524],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149503,149504,149506,149508,149510,149512],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149505,1580],{"class":67},[61,149507,72],{"class":71},[61,149509,1048],{"class":75},[61,149511,645],{"class":79},[61,149513,116],{"class":75},[61,149515,149516,149518,149520,149522],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149517,130],{"class":129},[61,149519,109],{"class":75},[61,149521,1605],{"class":112},[61,149523,116],{"class":75},[61,149525,149526,149528,149530,149532,149534,149536],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,149527,130],{"class":129},[61,149529,109],{"class":75},[61,149531,147],{"class":105},[61,149533,109],{"class":75},[61,149535,1605],{"class":112},[61,149537,154],{"class":75},[14,149539,157],{},[52,149541,149543],{"className":54,"code":149542,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,149544,149545,149549],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149546,149547],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149548,2707],{"class":79},[61,149550,149551,149553,149555,149557,149559,149561],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149552,183],{"class":71},[61,149554,187],{"class":186},[61,149556,191],{"class":190},[61,149558,1279],{"class":194},[61,149560,198],{"class":190},[61,149562,201],{"class":71},[14,149564,149565],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[52,149567,149569],{"className":54,"code":149568,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[18,149570,149571,149583,149593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149572,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149574,149070],{"class":67},[61,149576,72],{"class":71},[61,149578,1048],{"class":75},[61,149580,645],{"class":79},[61,149582,1407],{"class":75},[61,149584,149585,149587,149589,149591],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149586,130],{"class":129},[61,149588,109],{"class":75},[61,149590,149146],{"class":112},[61,149592,116],{"class":75},[61,149594,149595,149597,149599,149601,149603,149605],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,149596,130],{"class":129},[61,149598,109],{"class":75},[61,149600,147],{"class":105},[61,149602,109],{"class":75},[61,149604,149146],{"class":112},[61,149606,154],{"class":75},[14,149608,157],{},[52,149610,149612],{"className":54,"code":149611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149613,149614,149622],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149615,149616,149618,149620],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149617,109],{"class":75},[61,149619,645],{"class":79},[61,149621,1407],{"class":75},[61,149623,149624,149626,149628,149630,149632,149634],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149625,183],{"class":71},[61,149627,187],{"class":186},[61,149629,191],{"class":190},[61,149631,195],{"class":194},[61,149633,198],{"class":190},[61,149635,201],{"class":71},[14,149637,16412],{},[52,149639,149641],{"className":54,"code":149640,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(\"apple\",)\n",[18,149642,149643],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149644,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149646,109],{"class":75},[61,149648,816],{"class":190},[61,149650,3838],{"class":194},[61,149652,816],{"class":190},[61,149654,1407],{"class":75},[14,149656,16400],{},[52,149658,149660],{"className":54,"code":149659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(\"apple\")\n",[18,149661,149662],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149663,149664,149666,149668,149670,149672],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149665,109],{"class":75},[61,149667,816],{"class":190},[61,149669,3838],{"class":194},[61,149671,816],{"class":190},[61,149673,116],{"class":75},[14,149675,149676],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[47,149678,149680],{"id":149679},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149682,149683],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[408,149685,56220],{"id":113},[52,149687,149688],{"className":54,"code":149263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,149689,149690,149710],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149691,149692,149694,149696,149698,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149693,68],{"class":67},[61,149695,72],{"class":71},[61,149697,1048],{"class":75},[61,149699,80],{"class":79},[61,149701,83],{"class":75},[61,149703,86],{"class":79},[61,149705,83],{"class":75},[61,149707,91],{"class":79},[61,149709,116],{"class":75},[61,149711,149712,149714,149716,149718],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149713,130],{"class":129},[61,149715,109],{"class":75},[61,149717,113],{"class":112},[61,149719,116],{"class":75},[408,149721,56223],{"id":293},[52,149723,149725],{"className":54,"code":149724,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,149726,149727,149759],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149728,149729,149731,149733,149735,149737,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149730,12831],{"class":67},[61,149732,72],{"class":71},[61,149734,1048],{"class":75},[61,149736,816],{"class":190},[61,149738,12848],{"class":194},[61,149740,816],{"class":190},[61,149742,83],{"class":75},[61,149744,522],{"class":190},[61,149746,17212],{"class":194},[61,149748,816],{"class":190},[61,149750,83],{"class":75},[61,149752,522],{"class":190},[61,149754,12865],{"class":194},[61,149756,816],{"class":190},[61,149758,116],{"class":75},[61,149760,149761,149763,149765,149767],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149762,130],{"class":129},[61,149764,109],{"class":75},[61,149766,17259],{"class":112},[61,149768,116],{"class":75},[408,149770,149772],{"id":149771},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[52,149774,149776],{"className":54,"code":149775,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,149777,149778,149802],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149779,149780,149782,149784,149786,149788,149790,149792,149794,149796,149798,149800],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149781,59232],{"class":67},[61,149783,72],{"class":71},[61,149785,1048],{"class":75},[61,149787,80],{"class":79},[61,149789,83],{"class":75},[61,149791,522],{"class":190},[61,149793,3838],{"class":194},[61,149795,816],{"class":190},[61,149797,83],{"class":75},[61,149799,3674],{"class":3609},[61,149801,116],{"class":75},[61,149803,149804,149806,149808,149810],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149805,130],{"class":129},[61,149807,109],{"class":75},[61,149809,59285],{"class":112},[61,149811,116],{"class":75},[408,149813,149815],{"id":149814},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,149817,149818],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[52,149820,149822],{"className":54,"code":149821,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[18,149823,149824,149865],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149825,149826,149829,149831,149833,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859,149861,149863],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149827,149828],{"class":67},"nested ",[61,149830,72],{"class":71},[61,149832,1048],{"class":75},[61,149834,80],{"class":79},[61,149836,83],{"class":75},[61,149838,1048],{"class":75},[61,149840,816],{"class":190},[61,149842,235],{"class":194},[61,149844,816],{"class":190},[61,149846,83],{"class":75},[61,149848,522],{"class":190},[61,149850,1480],{"class":194},[61,149852,816],{"class":190},[61,149854,1045],{"class":75},[61,149856,76],{"class":75},[61,149858,430],{"class":79},[61,149860,83],{"class":75},[61,149862,435],{"class":79},[61,149864,1137],{"class":75},[61,149866,149867,149869,149871,149874],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149868,130],{"class":129},[61,149870,109],{"class":75},[61,149872,149873],{"class":112},"nested",[61,149875,116],{"class":75},[14,149877,157],{},[52,149879,149881],{"className":54,"code":149880,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[18,149882,149883],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149884,149885,149887,149889,149891,149893,149895,149897,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907,149909,149911,149913,149915,149917],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149886,109],{"class":75},[61,149888,80],{"class":79},[61,149890,83],{"class":75},[61,149892,1048],{"class":75},[61,149894,198],{"class":190},[61,149896,235],{"class":194},[61,149898,198],{"class":190},[61,149900,83],{"class":75},[61,149902,191],{"class":190},[61,149904,1480],{"class":194},[61,149906,198],{"class":190},[61,149908,1045],{"class":75},[61,149910,76],{"class":75},[61,149912,430],{"class":79},[61,149914,83],{"class":75},[61,149916,435],{"class":79},[61,149918,1137],{"class":75},[47,149920,149922,149923],{"id":149921},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[18,149924,20],{},[14,149926,149927,149928,149930],{},"You can use the built-in ",[18,149929,20],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,149932,149933,149934,244],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[235,149935,62969],{"href":62968},[408,149937,104992],{"id":104991},[52,149939,149941],{"className":54,"code":149940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149942,149943,149965],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149944,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149946,68],{"class":67},[61,149948,72],{"class":71},[61,149950,106],{"class":105},[61,149952,1126],{"class":75},[61,149954,80],{"class":79},[61,149956,83],{"class":75},[61,149958,86],{"class":79},[61,149960,83],{"class":75},[61,149962,91],{"class":79},[61,149964,1137],{"class":75},[61,149966,149967,149969,149971,149973],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,149968,130],{"class":129},[61,149970,109],{"class":75},[61,149972,113],{"class":112},[61,149974,116],{"class":75},[14,149976,157],{},[52,149978,149979],{"className":54,"code":764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,149980,149981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149982,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149984,109],{"class":75},[61,149986,80],{"class":79},[61,149988,83],{"class":75},[61,149990,86],{"class":79},[61,149992,83],{"class":75},[61,149994,91],{"class":79},[61,149996,116],{"class":75},[408,149998,105178],{"id":105177},[52,150000,150002],{"className":54,"code":150001,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,150003,150004,150022],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150005,150006,150008,150010,150012,150014,150016,150018,150020],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150007,35847],{"class":67},[61,150009,72],{"class":71},[61,150011,106],{"class":105},[61,150013,109],{"class":75},[61,150015,816],{"class":190},[61,150017,41317],{"class":194},[61,150019,816],{"class":190},[61,150021,116],{"class":75},[61,150023,150024,150026,150028,150030],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150025,130],{"class":129},[61,150027,109],{"class":75},[61,150029,35900],{"class":112},[61,150031,116],{"class":75},[14,150033,157],{},[52,150035,150037],{"className":54,"code":150036,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,150038,150039],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150040,150041,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063,150065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150042,109],{"class":75},[61,150044,198],{"class":190},[61,150046,235],{"class":194},[61,150048,198],{"class":190},[61,150050,83],{"class":75},[61,150052,191],{"class":190},[61,150054,1480],{"class":194},[61,150056,198],{"class":190},[61,150058,83],{"class":75},[61,150060,191],{"class":190},[61,150062,573],{"class":194},[61,150064,198],{"class":190},[61,150066,116],{"class":75},[14,150068,150069],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[408,150071,150073],{"id":150072},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[52,150075,150077],{"className":54,"code":150076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[18,150078,150079,150097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150080,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150082,712],{"class":67},[61,150084,72],{"class":71},[61,150086,106],{"class":105},[61,150088,109],{"class":75},[61,150090,640],{"class":129},[61,150092,109],{"class":75},[61,150094,1129],{"class":79},[61,150096,154],{"class":75},[61,150098,150099,150101,150103,150105],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150100,130],{"class":129},[61,150102,109],{"class":75},[61,150104,743],{"class":112},[61,150106,116],{"class":75},[14,150108,157],{},[52,150110,150112],{"className":54,"code":150111,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[18,150113,150114],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150115,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130,150132],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150117,109],{"class":75},[61,150119,675],{"class":79},[61,150121,83],{"class":75},[61,150123,680],{"class":79},[61,150125,83],{"class":75},[61,150127,86],{"class":79},[61,150129,83],{"class":75},[61,150131,91],{"class":79},[61,150133,116],{"class":75},[14,150135,150136],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[47,150138,20557],{"id":20556},[26,150140,150141,150144,150147,150150],{},[29,150142,150143],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[29,150145,150146],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[29,150148,150149],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[29,150151,150152],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150154,150155,150156,244],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[235,150157,150159],{"href":150158},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[47,150161,2590],{"id":2589},[14,150163,150164],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[408,150166,150168],{"id":150167},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150170,150171],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[52,150173,150175],{"className":54,"code":150174,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150176,150177,150193],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150178,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187,150189,150191],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150180,28295],{"class":67},[61,150182,72],{"class":71},[61,150184,1048],{"class":75},[61,150186,816],{"class":190},[61,150188,3838],{"class":194},[61,150190,816],{"class":190},[61,150192,116],{"class":75},[61,150194,150195,150197,150199,150201,150203,150205],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150196,130],{"class":129},[61,150198,109],{"class":75},[61,150200,147],{"class":105},[61,150202,109],{"class":75},[61,150204,23068],{"class":112},[61,150206,154],{"class":75},[14,150208,150209],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[52,150211,150213],{"className":54,"code":150212,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150214,150215,150231],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150216,150217,150219,150221,150223,150225,150227,150229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150218,28295],{"class":67},[61,150220,72],{"class":71},[61,150222,1048],{"class":75},[61,150224,816],{"class":190},[61,150226,3838],{"class":194},[61,150228,816],{"class":190},[61,150230,1407],{"class":75},[61,150232,150233,150235,150237,150239,150241,150243],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150234,130],{"class":129},[61,150236,109],{"class":75},[61,150238,147],{"class":105},[61,150240,109],{"class":75},[61,150242,23068],{"class":112},[61,150244,154],{"class":75},[408,150246,150248],{"id":150247},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150250,150251],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[52,150253,150255],{"className":54,"code":150254,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150256,150257,150277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150258,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271,150273,150275],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150260,712],{"class":67},[61,150262,72],{"class":71},[61,150264,76],{"class":75},[61,150266,80],{"class":79},[61,150268,83],{"class":75},[61,150270,86],{"class":79},[61,150272,83],{"class":75},[61,150274,91],{"class":79},[61,150276,94],{"class":75},[61,150278,150279,150281,150283,150285,150287,150289],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150280,130],{"class":129},[61,150282,109],{"class":75},[61,150284,147],{"class":105},[61,150286,109],{"class":75},[61,150288,743],{"class":112},[61,150290,154],{"class":75},[14,150292,150293],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[52,150295,150297],{"className":54,"code":150296,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150298,150299,150319],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150300,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315,150317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150302,712],{"class":67},[61,150304,72],{"class":71},[61,150306,1048],{"class":75},[61,150308,80],{"class":79},[61,150310,83],{"class":75},[61,150312,86],{"class":79},[61,150314,83],{"class":75},[61,150316,91],{"class":79},[61,150318,116],{"class":75},[61,150320,150321,150323,150325,150327,150329,150331],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150322,130],{"class":129},[61,150324,109],{"class":75},[61,150326,147],{"class":105},[61,150328,109],{"class":75},[61,150330,743],{"class":112},[61,150332,154],{"class":75},[408,150334,150336],{"id":150335},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150338,150149],{},[52,150340,150342],{"className":54,"code":150341,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[18,150343,150344,150364],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150345,150346,150348,150350,150352,150354,150356,150358,150360,150362],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150347,68],{"class":67},[61,150349,72],{"class":71},[61,150351,1048],{"class":75},[61,150353,80],{"class":79},[61,150355,83],{"class":75},[61,150357,86],{"class":79},[61,150359,83],{"class":75},[61,150361,91],{"class":79},[61,150363,116],{"class":75},[61,150365,150366],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150367,150368],{"class":3420},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150370,150371],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[408,150373,36960,150375,150378],{"id":150374},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[18,150376,150377],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150380,64389],{},[52,150382,150383],{"className":54,"code":150001,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,150384,150385,150403],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150386,150387,150389,150391,150393,150395,150397,150399,150401],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150388,35847],{"class":67},[61,150390,72],{"class":71},[61,150392,106],{"class":105},[61,150394,109],{"class":75},[61,150396,816],{"class":190},[61,150398,41317],{"class":194},[61,150400,816],{"class":190},[61,150402,116],{"class":75},[61,150404,150405,150407,150409,150411],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150406,130],{"class":129},[61,150408,109],{"class":75},[61,150410,35900],{"class":112},[61,150412,116],{"class":75},[14,150414,150415],{},"gives:",[52,150417,150418],{"className":54,"code":150036,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,150419,150420],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150421,150422,150424,150426,150428,150430,150432,150434,150436,150438,150440,150442,150444,150446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150423,109],{"class":75},[61,150425,198],{"class":190},[61,150427,235],{"class":194},[61,150429,198],{"class":190},[61,150431,83],{"class":75},[61,150433,191],{"class":190},[61,150435,1480],{"class":194},[61,150437,198],{"class":190},[61,150439,83],{"class":75},[61,150441,191],{"class":190},[61,150443,573],{"class":194},[61,150445,198],{"class":190},[61,150447,116],{"class":75},[14,150449,150450],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[52,150452,150454],{"className":54,"code":150453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[18,150455,150456,150472],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150457,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150459,5913],{"class":67},[61,150461,72],{"class":71},[61,150463,1048],{"class":75},[61,150465,816],{"class":190},[61,150467,41317],{"class":194},[61,150469,816],{"class":190},[61,150471,1407],{"class":75},[61,150473,150474,150476,150478,150480],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150475,130],{"class":129},[61,150477,109],{"class":75},[61,150479,38147],{"class":112},[61,150481,116],{"class":75},[14,150483,157],{},[52,150485,150487],{"className":54,"code":150486,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('abc',)\n",[18,150488,150489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150490,150491,150493,150495,150497,150499],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150492,109],{"class":75},[61,150494,198],{"class":190},[61,150496,41317],{"class":194},[61,150498,198],{"class":190},[61,150500,1407],{"class":75},[408,150502,150504],{"id":150503},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150506,150507],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[52,150509,150511],{"className":54,"code":150510,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,150512,150513,150530,150534,150544,150558],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150514,150515,150518,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150516,150517],{"class":67},"my_tuple ",[61,150519,72],{"class":71},[61,150521,1048],{"class":75},[61,150523,816],{"class":190},[61,150525,3838],{"class":194},[61,150527,816],{"class":190},[61,150529,1407],{"class":75},[61,150531,150532],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,150533,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,150535,150536,150538,150540,150542],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,150537,130],{"class":129},[61,150539,109],{"class":75},[61,150541,147744],{"class":112},[61,150543,116],{"class":75},[61,150545,150546,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,150547,130],{"class":129},[61,150549,109],{"class":75},[61,150551,147],{"class":105},[61,150553,109],{"class":75},[61,150555,147744],{"class":112},[61,150557,154],{"class":75},[61,150559,150560,150562,150564,150566,150568,150570],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,150561,130],{"class":129},[61,150563,109],{"class":75},[61,150565,10914],{"class":129},[61,150567,109],{"class":75},[61,150569,147744],{"class":112},[61,150571,154],{"class":75},[47,150573,1620],{"id":1619},[408,150575,150577],{"id":150576},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150579,150580,150581,150584],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[18,150582,150583],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[408,150586,150588],{"id":150587},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150590,150591],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[408,150593,150595],{"id":150594},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150597,150598],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[408,150600,150602],{"id":150601},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150604,150605],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[408,150607,4905,150609,12471],{"id":150608},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[18,150610,150377],{},[14,150612,4911,150613,150616],{},[18,150614,150615],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[47,150618,1664],{"id":1663},[26,150620,150621,150625,150629,150635,150640,150644,150648],{},[29,150622,150623],{},[235,150624,243],{"href":242},[29,150626,150627],{},[235,150628,149393],{"href":149392},[29,150630,150631],{},[235,150632,150634],{"href":150633},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[29,150636,150637],{},[235,150638,150639],{"href":148964},"Python tuple length with len()",[29,150641,150642],{},[235,150643,1675],{"href":237},[29,150645,150646],{},[235,150647,62969],{"href":62968},[29,150649,150650],{},[235,150651,150652],{"href":150158},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1693,150654,150655],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152112,"toc":153496},[152113,152118,152123,152126,152128,152207,152213,152218,152222,152237,152239,152286,152288,152296,152304,152310,152312,152317,152337,152340,152367,152369,152393,152395,152537,152539,152543,152551,152554,152556,152633,152635,152643,152647,152651,152661,152671,152673,152678,152680,152739,152744,152746,152846,152848,152862,152867,152873,152880,152883,152885,152995,152999,153016,153018,153081,153083,153091,153103,153107,153112,153140,153143,153225,153227,153238,153240,153244,153271,153273,153275,153355,153363,153365,153420,153422,153427,153430,153434,153438,153440,153444,153448,153456,153463,153466,153468,153493],[10,152114,147612,152116,11075],{"id":152115},"python-tuple-index-method",[18,152117,58727],{},[14,152119,152120,152122],{},[18,152121,148931],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152124,152125],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[47,152127,50],{"id":49},[52,152129,152131],{"className":54,"code":152130,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,152132,152133,152173,152195],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152134,152135,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152136,12831],{"class":67},[61,152138,72],{"class":71},[61,152140,1048],{"class":75},[61,152142,816],{"class":190},[61,152144,12848],{"class":194},[61,152146,816],{"class":190},[61,152148,83],{"class":75},[61,152150,522],{"class":190},[61,152152,12865],{"class":194},[61,152154,816],{"class":190},[61,152156,83],{"class":75},[61,152158,522],{"class":190},[61,152160,17212],{"class":194},[61,152162,816],{"class":190},[61,152164,83],{"class":75},[61,152166,522],{"class":190},[61,152168,12865],{"class":194},[61,152170,816],{"class":190},[61,152172,116],{"class":75},[61,152174,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152176,64665],{"class":67},[61,152178,72],{"class":71},[61,152180,12879],{"class":67},[61,152182,244],{"class":75},[61,152184,35602],{"class":112},[61,152186,109],{"class":75},[61,152188,816],{"class":190},[61,152190,12865],{"class":194},[61,152192,816],{"class":190},[61,152194,116],{"class":75},[61,152196,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,152198,130],{"class":129},[61,152200,109],{"class":75},[61,152202,64692],{"class":112},[61,152204,3417],{"class":75},[61,152206,27536],{"class":3420},[14,152208,152209,152212],{},[18,152210,152211],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[47,152214,3435,152216,3438],{"id":152215},"what-tupleindex-does",[18,152217,148931],{},[14,152219,1744,152220,11166],{},[18,152221,58727],{},[26,152223,152224,152227,152229,152232],{},[29,152225,152226],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[29,152228,128210],{},[29,152230,152231],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[29,152233,152234,152235],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[18,152236,675],{},[14,152238,1109],{},[52,152240,152242],{"className":54,"code":152241,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[18,152243,152244,152268],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152245,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152247,68],{"class":67},[61,152249,72],{"class":71},[61,152251,1048],{"class":75},[61,152253,430],{"class":79},[61,152255,83],{"class":75},[61,152257,435],{"class":79},[61,152259,83],{"class":75},[61,152261,440],{"class":79},[61,152263,83],{"class":75},[61,152265,435],{"class":79},[61,152267,116],{"class":75},[61,152269,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152271,130],{"class":129},[61,152273,109],{"class":75},[61,152275,113],{"class":112},[61,152277,244],{"class":75},[61,152279,35602],{"class":112},[61,152281,109],{"class":75},[61,152283,15510],{"class":79},[61,152285,154],{"class":75},[14,152287,157],{},[52,152289,152290],{"className":54,"code":46675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,152291,152292],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152293,152294],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152295,46675],{"class":79},[14,152297,20734,152298,152300,152301,152303],{},[18,152299,15510],{}," appears twice, ",[18,152302,58727],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152305,233,152306,244],{},[235,152307,152309],{"href":152308},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[47,152311,248],{"id":247},[14,152313,7522,152314,152316],{},[18,152315,58727],{}," in two ways:",[52,152318,152320],{"className":54,"code":152319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[18,152321,152322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152323,152324,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152325,152326],{"class":67},"tuple_name",[61,152328,244],{"class":75},[61,152330,35602],{"class":112},[61,152332,109],{"class":75},[61,152334,1605],{"class":112},[61,152336,116],{"class":75},[14,152338,152339],{},"or:",[52,152341,152343],{"className":54,"code":152342,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,152344,152345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152346,152347,152349,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152348,152326],{"class":67},[61,152350,244],{"class":75},[61,152352,35602],{"class":112},[61,152354,109],{"class":75},[61,152356,1605],{"class":112},[61,152358,83],{"class":75},[61,152360,35808],{"class":112},[61,152362,83],{"class":75},[61,152364,64786],{"class":112},[61,152366,116],{"class":75},[408,152368,17151],{"id":17150},[26,152370,152371,152376,152381,152386],{},[29,152372,152373,152375],{},[18,152374,1605],{}," — the item to search for",[29,152377,152378,152380],{},[18,152379,35829],{}," — optional starting position",[29,152382,152383,152385],{},[18,152384,52418],{}," — optional ending position",[29,152387,152388,4545,152390,152392],{},[18,152389,52418],{},[603,152391,64815],{}," in the search",[14,152394,1109],{},[52,152396,152398],{"className":54,"code":152397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[18,152399,152400,152448,152452,152477,152505],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152401,152402,152404,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444,152446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152403,35847],{"class":67},[61,152405,72],{"class":71},[61,152407,1048],{"class":75},[61,152409,816],{"class":190},[61,152411,235],{"class":194},[61,152413,816],{"class":190},[61,152415,83],{"class":75},[61,152417,522],{"class":190},[61,152419,1480],{"class":194},[61,152421,816],{"class":190},[61,152423,83],{"class":75},[61,152425,522],{"class":190},[61,152427,573],{"class":194},[61,152429,816],{"class":190},[61,152431,83],{"class":75},[61,152433,522],{"class":190},[61,152435,1480],{"class":194},[61,152437,816],{"class":190},[61,152439,83],{"class":75},[61,152441,522],{"class":190},[61,152443,18523],{"class":194},[61,152445,816],{"class":190},[61,152447,116],{"class":75},[61,152449,152450],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152451,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,152453,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468,152470,152472,152474],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,152455,130],{"class":129},[61,152457,109],{"class":75},[61,152459,35900],{"class":112},[61,152461,244],{"class":75},[61,152463,35602],{"class":112},[61,152465,109],{"class":75},[61,152467,816],{"class":190},[61,152469,1480],{"class":194},[61,152471,816],{"class":190},[61,152473,5122],{"class":75},[61,152475,152476],{"class":3420},"        # 1\n",[61,152478,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,152480,130],{"class":129},[61,152482,109],{"class":75},[61,152484,35900],{"class":112},[61,152486,244],{"class":75},[61,152488,35602],{"class":112},[61,152490,109],{"class":75},[61,152492,816],{"class":190},[61,152494,1480],{"class":194},[61,152496,816],{"class":190},[61,152498,83],{"class":75},[61,152500,86],{"class":79},[61,152502,5122],{"class":75},[61,152504,50676],{"class":3420},[61,152506,152507,152509,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,152508,130],{"class":129},[61,152510,109],{"class":75},[61,152512,35900],{"class":112},[61,152514,244],{"class":75},[61,152516,35602],{"class":112},[61,152518,109],{"class":75},[61,152520,816],{"class":190},[61,152522,1480],{"class":194},[61,152524,816],{"class":190},[61,152526,83],{"class":75},[61,152528,680],{"class":79},[61,152530,83],{"class":75},[61,152532,91],{"class":79},[61,152534,5122],{"class":75},[61,152536,27536],{"class":3420},[47,152538,103125],{"id":103124},[14,152540,152541,25265],{},[18,152542,148931],{},[26,152544,152545,152548],{},[29,152546,152547],{},"An integer",[29,152549,152550],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152552,152553],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152555,1109],{},[52,152557,152559],{"className":54,"code":152558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,152560,152561,152601,152623],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152562,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152564,108223],{"class":67},[61,152566,72],{"class":71},[61,152568,1048],{"class":75},[61,152570,816],{"class":190},[61,152572,525],{"class":194},[61,152574,816],{"class":190},[61,152576,83],{"class":75},[61,152578,522],{"class":190},[61,152580,57886],{"class":194},[61,152582,816],{"class":190},[61,152584,83],{"class":75},[61,152586,522],{"class":190},[61,152588,57903],{"class":194},[61,152590,816],{"class":190},[61,152592,83],{"class":75},[61,152594,522],{"class":190},[61,152596,57886],{"class":194},[61,152598,816],{"class":190},[61,152600,116],{"class":75},[61,152602,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152604,100],{"class":67},[61,152606,72],{"class":71},[61,152608,108266],{"class":67},[61,152610,244],{"class":75},[61,152612,35602],{"class":112},[61,152614,109],{"class":75},[61,152616,816],{"class":190},[61,152618,57886],{"class":194},[61,152620,816],{"class":190},[61,152622,116],{"class":75},[61,152624,152625,152627,152629,152631],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,152626,130],{"class":129},[61,152628,109],{"class":75},[61,152630,135],{"class":112},[61,152632,116],{"class":75},[14,152634,157],{},[52,152636,152637],{"className":54,"code":46675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,152638,152639],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152640,152641],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152642,46675],{"class":79},[47,152644,152646],{"id":152645},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,152648,204,152649,1193],{},[18,152650,148931],{},[26,152652,152653,152655,152658],{},[29,152654,65844],{},[29,152656,152657],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[29,152659,152660],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,152662,152663,152664,152667,152668,244],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[18,152665,152666],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[235,152669,149393],{"href":152670},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[47,152672,65376],{"id":65375},[14,152674,152675,152676,244],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[18,152677,40461],{},[14,152679,1109],{},[52,152681,152683],{"className":54,"code":152682,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[18,152684,152685,152717],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152686,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152688,12831],{"class":67},[61,152690,72],{"class":71},[61,152692,1048],{"class":75},[61,152694,816],{"class":190},[61,152696,12848],{"class":194},[61,152698,816],{"class":190},[61,152700,83],{"class":75},[61,152702,522],{"class":190},[61,152704,12865],{"class":194},[61,152706,816],{"class":190},[61,152708,83],{"class":75},[61,152710,522],{"class":190},[61,152712,17212],{"class":194},[61,152714,816],{"class":190},[61,152716,116],{"class":75},[61,152718,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152720,130],{"class":129},[61,152722,109],{"class":75},[61,152724,17259],{"class":112},[61,152726,244],{"class":75},[61,152728,35602],{"class":112},[61,152730,109],{"class":75},[61,152732,816],{"class":190},[61,152734,22281],{"class":194},[61,152736,816],{"class":190},[61,152738,154],{"class":75},[14,152740,39410,152741,152743],{},[18,152742,109548],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,152745,65451],{},[52,152747,152749],{"className":54,"code":152748,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,152750,152751,152783,152787,152803,152825,152831],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152752,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152754,12831],{"class":67},[61,152756,72],{"class":71},[61,152758,1048],{"class":75},[61,152760,816],{"class":190},[61,152762,12848],{"class":194},[61,152764,816],{"class":190},[61,152766,83],{"class":75},[61,152768,522],{"class":190},[61,152770,12865],{"class":194},[61,152772,816],{"class":190},[61,152774,83],{"class":75},[61,152776,522],{"class":190},[61,152778,17212],{"class":194},[61,152780,816],{"class":190},[61,152782,116],{"class":75},[61,152784,152785],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152786,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,152788,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,152790,6758],{"class":3634},[61,152792,522],{"class":190},[61,152794,22281],{"class":194},[61,152796,816],{"class":190},[61,152798,20930],{"class":71},[61,152800,12879],{"class":67},[61,152802,6152],{"class":75},[61,152804,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,152806,7827],{"class":129},[61,152808,109],{"class":75},[61,152810,17259],{"class":112},[61,152812,244],{"class":75},[61,152814,35602],{"class":112},[61,152816,109],{"class":75},[61,152818,816],{"class":190},[61,152820,22281],{"class":194},[61,152822,816],{"class":190},[61,152824,154],{"class":75},[61,152826,152827,152829],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,152828,27190],{"class":3634},[61,152830,6152],{"class":75},[61,152832,152833,152835,152837,152839,152842,152844],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,152834,7827],{"class":129},[61,152836,109],{"class":75},[61,152838,816],{"class":190},[61,152840,152841],{"class":194},"Value not found",[61,152843,816],{"class":190},[61,152845,116],{"class":75},[14,152847,157],{},[52,152849,152851],{"className":54,"code":152850,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Value not found\n",[18,152852,152853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152854,152855,152858,152860],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152856,152857],{"class":67},"Value ",[61,152859,605],{"class":71},[61,152861,65575],{"class":67},[14,152863,152864,152865,244],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[235,152866,65585],{"href":65584},[47,152868,8175,152869,4154,152871],{"id":65152},[18,152870,35829],{},[18,152872,52418],{},[14,152874,1744,152875,4154,152877,152879],{},[18,152876,35829],{},[18,152878,52418],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,152881,152882],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,152884,1109],{},[52,152886,152888],{"className":54,"code":152887,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[18,152889,152890,152918,152922,152943,152967],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152891,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152893,712],{"class":67},[61,152895,72],{"class":71},[61,152897,1048],{"class":75},[61,152899,645],{"class":79},[61,152901,83],{"class":75},[61,152903,5763],{"class":79},[61,152905,83],{"class":75},[61,152907,4367],{"class":79},[61,152909,83],{"class":75},[61,152911,435],{"class":79},[61,152913,83],{"class":75},[61,152915,4367],{"class":79},[61,152917,116],{"class":75},[61,152919,152920],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,152921,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,152923,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,152925,130],{"class":129},[61,152927,109],{"class":75},[61,152929,743],{"class":112},[61,152931,244],{"class":75},[61,152933,35602],{"class":112},[61,152935,109],{"class":75},[61,152937,645],{"class":79},[61,152939,5122],{"class":75},[61,152941,152942],{"class":3420},"        # 0\n",[61,152944,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,152946,130],{"class":129},[61,152948,109],{"class":75},[61,152950,743],{"class":112},[61,152952,244],{"class":75},[61,152954,35602],{"class":112},[61,152956,109],{"class":75},[61,152958,645],{"class":79},[61,152960,83],{"class":75},[61,152962,680],{"class":79},[61,152964,5122],{"class":75},[61,152966,50710],{"class":3420},[61,152968,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,152970,130],{"class":129},[61,152972,109],{"class":75},[61,152974,743],{"class":112},[61,152976,244],{"class":75},[61,152978,35602],{"class":112},[61,152980,109],{"class":75},[61,152982,645],{"class":79},[61,152984,83],{"class":75},[61,152986,91],{"class":79},[61,152988,83],{"class":75},[61,152990,4367],{"class":79},[61,152992,5122],{"class":75},[61,152994,50693],{"class":3420},[408,152996,152998],{"id":152997},"how-it-works","How it works",[26,153000,153001,153006,153011],{},[29,153002,153003,153005],{},[18,153004,35829],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[29,153007,153008,153010],{},[18,153009,52418],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[29,153012,1744,153013,153015],{},[18,153014,52418],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153017,1109],{},[52,153019,153021],{"className":54,"code":153020,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[18,153022,153023,153051,153055],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153024,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153026,712],{"class":67},[61,153028,72],{"class":71},[61,153030,1048],{"class":75},[61,153032,645],{"class":79},[61,153034,83],{"class":75},[61,153036,5763],{"class":79},[61,153038,83],{"class":75},[61,153040,4367],{"class":79},[61,153042,83],{"class":75},[61,153044,435],{"class":79},[61,153046,83],{"class":75},[61,153048,4367],{"class":79},[61,153050,116],{"class":75},[61,153052,153053],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153054,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,153056,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,153058,130],{"class":129},[61,153060,109],{"class":75},[61,153062,743],{"class":112},[61,153064,244],{"class":75},[61,153066,35602],{"class":112},[61,153068,109],{"class":75},[61,153070,645],{"class":79},[61,153072,83],{"class":75},[61,153074,680],{"class":79},[61,153076,83],{"class":75},[61,153078,693],{"class":79},[61,153080,154],{"class":75},[14,153082,157],{},[52,153084,153085],{"className":54,"code":16813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,153086,153087],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153088,153089],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153090,16813],{"class":79},[14,153092,153093,153094,1951,153096,16829,153098,153100,153101,244],{},"Python searches positions ",[18,153095,80],{},[18,153097,1821],{},[18,153099,1827],{},", but not ",[18,153102,1129],{},[47,153104,153106],{"id":153105},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153108,153109,153110,824],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[18,153111,148931],{},[26,153113,153114,153122,153127,153134],{},[29,153115,153116,153117,153119,153120],{},"Do not confuse the ",[603,153118,1605],{}," with the ",[603,153121,35602],{},[29,153123,153124,153125],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[18,153126,675],{},[29,153128,204,153129,153133],{},[235,153130,148957,153131,10492],{"href":149009},[18,153132,57049],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[29,153135,153136,153137,153139],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[18,153138,152666],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153141,153142],{},"Example of value vs index:",[52,153144,153146],{"className":54,"code":153145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[18,153147,153148,153180,153184,153208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153149,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153151,35995],{"class":67},[61,153153,72],{"class":71},[61,153155,1048],{"class":75},[61,153157,816],{"class":190},[61,153159,3838],{"class":194},[61,153161,816],{"class":190},[61,153163,83],{"class":75},[61,153165,522],{"class":190},[61,153167,3847],{"class":194},[61,153169,816],{"class":190},[61,153171,83],{"class":75},[61,153173,522],{"class":190},[61,153175,32976],{"class":194},[61,153177,816],{"class":190},[61,153179,116],{"class":75},[61,153181,153182],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153183,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,153185,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,153187,130],{"class":129},[61,153189,109],{"class":75},[61,153191,36047],{"class":112},[61,153193,244],{"class":75},[61,153195,35602],{"class":112},[61,153197,109],{"class":75},[61,153199,816],{"class":190},[61,153201,3847],{"class":194},[61,153203,816],{"class":190},[61,153205,5122],{"class":75},[61,153207,27536],{"class":3420},[61,153209,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,153211,130],{"class":129},[61,153213,109],{"class":75},[61,153215,36047],{"class":112},[61,153217,3658],{"class":75},[61,153219,80],{"class":79},[61,153221,20202],{"class":75},[61,153223,153224],{"class":3420},"               # banana\n",[14,153226,1941],{},[26,153228,153229,153233],{},[29,153230,153231,15002],{},[18,153232,65020],{},[29,153234,153235,153237],{},[18,153236,80],{}," is the index",[47,153239,2590],{"id":2589},[14,153241,105862,153242,824],{},[18,153243,148931],{},[26,153245,153246,153249,153254,153259,153266],{},[29,153247,153248],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[29,153250,8211,153251,153253],{},[18,153252,58727],{}," to return all matching positions",[29,153255,153256,153257],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[18,153258,675],{},[29,153260,153261,153262,4154,153264],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[18,153263,35829],{},[18,153265,52418],{},[29,153267,36960,153268,153270],{},[18,153269,148931],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[408,153272,60464],{"id":60463},[14,153274,94125],{},[52,153276,153278],{"className":54,"code":153277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[18,153279,153280,153290,153304,153319,153337],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153281,153282,153284,153286,153288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153283,130],{"class":129},[61,153285,109],{"class":75},[61,153287,147744],{"class":112},[61,153289,116],{"class":75},[61,153291,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153293,130],{"class":129},[61,153295,109],{"class":75},[61,153297,10914],{"class":129},[61,153299,109],{"class":75},[61,153301,147744],{"class":112},[61,153303,154],{"class":75},[61,153305,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153317],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,153307,130],{"class":129},[61,153309,109],{"class":75},[61,153311,1580],{"class":112},[61,153313,3641],{"class":3634},[61,153315,153316],{"class":112}," my_tuple",[61,153318,116],{"class":75},[61,153320,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,153322,130],{"class":129},[61,153324,109],{"class":75},[61,153326,147744],{"class":112},[61,153328,244],{"class":75},[61,153330,41016],{"class":112},[61,153332,109],{"class":75},[61,153334,1605],{"class":112},[61,153336,154],{"class":75},[61,153338,153339,153341,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,153340,130],{"class":129},[61,153342,109],{"class":75},[61,153344,147744],{"class":112},[61,153346,244],{"class":75},[61,153348,35602],{"class":112},[61,153350,109],{"class":75},[61,153352,1605],{"class":112},[61,153354,154],{"class":75},[14,153356,153357,153358,84142,153360,153362],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[18,153359,40461],{},[18,153361,1605],{}," is missing.",[14,153364,129363],{},[52,153366,153368],{"className":54,"code":153367,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153369,153370,153382,153400,153406],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153371,153372,153374,153376,153378,153380],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153373,6758],{"class":3634},[61,153375,21341],{"class":67},[61,153377,3641],{"class":71},[61,153379,153316],{"class":67},[61,153381,6152],{"class":75},[61,153383,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153385,7827],{"class":129},[61,153387,109],{"class":75},[61,153389,147744],{"class":112},[61,153391,244],{"class":75},[61,153393,35602],{"class":112},[61,153395,109],{"class":75},[61,153397,1605],{"class":112},[61,153399,154],{"class":75},[61,153401,153402,153404],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,153403,27190],{"class":3634},[61,153405,6152],{"class":75},[61,153407,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,153409,7827],{"class":129},[61,153411,109],{"class":75},[61,153413,816],{"class":190},[61,153415,152841],{"class":194},[61,153417,816],{"class":190},[61,153419,116],{"class":75},[47,153421,1620],{"id":1619},[408,153423,4905,153425,12471],{"id":153424},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[18,153426,148931],{},[14,153428,153429],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[408,153431,153433],{"id":153432},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153435,153436,152303],{},[18,153437,148931],{},[408,153439,148910],{"id":148909},[14,153441,76604,153442,244],{},[18,153443,40461],{},[408,153445,153447],{"id":153446},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153449,153450,153451,4154,153453,153455],{},"Yes. You can use ",[18,153452,35829],{},[18,153454,52418],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[408,153457,14658,153459,56964,153461,2251],{"id":153458},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[18,153460,148931],{},[18,153462,64611],{},[14,153464,153465],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[47,153467,1664],{"id":1663},[26,153469,153470,153476,153480,153485,153489],{},[29,153471,153472],{},[235,153473,148957,153474,10492],{"href":149009},[18,153475,57049],{},[29,153477,153478],{},[235,153479,149393],{"href":152670},[29,153481,153482],{},[235,153483,153484],{"href":150695},"Creating a tuple in Python",[29,153486,153487],{},[235,153488,65585],{"href":65584},[29,153490,153491],{},[235,153492,1675],{"href":152308},[1693,153494,153495],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":153497},[153498,153499,153501,153504,153505,153506,153507,153510,153511,153514,153523],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":152215,"depth":97,"text":153500},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248,"children":153502},[153503],{"id":17150,"depth":119,"text":17151},{"id":103124,"depth":97,"text":103125},{"id":152645,"depth":97,"text":152646},{"id":65375,"depth":97,"text":65376},{"id":65152,"depth":97,"text":65935,"children":153508},[153509],{"id":152997,"depth":119,"text":152998},{"id":153105,"depth":97,"text":153106},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590,"children":153512},[153513],{"id":60463,"depth":119,"text":60464},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":153515},[153516,153518,153519,153520,153521],{"id":153424,"depth":119,"text":153517},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153432,"depth":119,"text":153433},{"id":148909,"depth":119,"text":148910},{"id":153446,"depth":119,"text":153447},{"id":153458,"depth":119,"text":153522},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152110,"description":153524},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153531,"title":153532,"body":153533,"description":154928,"extension":1727,"meta":154929,"navigation":122,"path":152670,"seo":154930,"stem":154931,"__hash__":154932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153534,"toc":154910},[153535,153538,153541,153544,153558,153560,153563,153657,153667,153673,153677,153680,153683,153685,153703,153705,153776,153778,153795,153799,153803,153806,153823,153826,153841,153843,153934,153937,153941,153944,153961,153963,154058,154061,154064,154068,154071,154165,154167,154186,154189,154193,154196,154198,154253,154255,154290,154293,154307,154315,154408,154417,154421,154424,154431,154434,154481,154483,154491,154494,154545,154547,154564,154569,154573,154576,154579,154581,154632,154635,154690,154693,154696,154698,154701,154721,154723,154796,154799,154812,154814,154818,154823,154827,154832,154849,154853,154856,154873,154877,154880,154882,154907],[10,153536,153532],{"id":153537},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153539,153540],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153542,153543],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[26,153545,153546,153549,153552,153555],{},[29,153547,153548],{},"positive indexes",[29,153550,153551],{},"negative indexes",[29,153553,153554],{},"common indexing mistakes",[29,153556,153557],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[47,153559,3366],{"id":3365},[14,153561,153562],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[52,153564,153566],{"className":54,"code":153565,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[18,153567,153568,153600,153604,153621,153638],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153569,153570,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153571,12831],{"class":67},[61,153573,72],{"class":71},[61,153575,1048],{"class":75},[61,153577,816],{"class":190},[61,153579,12848],{"class":194},[61,153581,816],{"class":190},[61,153583,83],{"class":75},[61,153585,522],{"class":190},[61,153587,17212],{"class":194},[61,153589,816],{"class":190},[61,153591,83],{"class":75},[61,153593,522],{"class":190},[61,153595,12865],{"class":194},[61,153597,816],{"class":190},[61,153599,116],{"class":75},[61,153601,153602],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153603,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,153605,153606,153608,153610,153612,153614,153616,153618],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,153607,130],{"class":129},[61,153609,109],{"class":75},[61,153611,17259],{"class":112},[61,153613,3658],{"class":75},[61,153615,675],{"class":79},[61,153617,20202],{"class":75},[61,153619,153620],{"class":3420},"   # red\n",[61,153622,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,153624,130],{"class":129},[61,153626,109],{"class":75},[61,153628,17259],{"class":112},[61,153630,3658],{"class":75},[61,153632,80],{"class":79},[61,153634,20202],{"class":75},[61,153636,153637],{"class":3420},"   # green\n",[61,153639,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,153641,130],{"class":129},[61,153643,109],{"class":75},[61,153645,17259],{"class":112},[61,153647,3658],{"class":75},[61,153649,1786],{"class":71},[61,153651,80],{"class":79},[61,153653,20202],{"class":75},[61,153655,153656],{"class":3420},"  # blue\n",[26,153658,153659,153664],{},[29,153660,132152,153661,153663],{},[18,153662,675],{}," is the first item.",[29,153665,153666],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,153668,153669,153670,244],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[235,153671,153672],{"href":147729},"how to create a tuple in Python",[47,153674,153676],{"id":153675},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,153678,153679],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,153681,153682],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,153684,277],{},[26,153686,153687,153690,153697,153700],{},[29,153688,153689],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[29,153691,153692,153693,18719,153695],{},"Python starts counting at ",[18,153694,675],{},[18,153696,80],{},[29,153698,153699],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[29,153701,153702],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,153704,1109],{},[52,153706,153708],{"className":54,"code":153707,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,153709,153710,153730,153734,153748,153762],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153711,153712,153714,153716,153718,153720,153722,153724,153726,153728],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153713,68],{"class":67},[61,153715,72],{"class":71},[61,153717,1048],{"class":75},[61,153719,430],{"class":79},[61,153721,83],{"class":75},[61,153723,435],{"class":79},[61,153725,83],{"class":75},[61,153727,440],{"class":79},[61,153729,116],{"class":75},[61,153731,153732],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153733,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,153735,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,153737,130],{"class":129},[61,153739,109],{"class":75},[61,153741,113],{"class":112},[61,153743,3658],{"class":75},[61,153745,675],{"class":79},[61,153747,1137],{"class":75},[61,153749,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,153751,130],{"class":129},[61,153753,109],{"class":75},[61,153755,113],{"class":112},[61,153757,3658],{"class":75},[61,153759,80],{"class":79},[61,153761,1137],{"class":75},[61,153763,153764,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,153765,130],{"class":129},[61,153767,109],{"class":75},[61,153769,113],{"class":112},[61,153771,3658],{"class":75},[61,153773,1821],{"class":79},[61,153775,1137],{"class":75},[14,153777,157],{},[52,153779,153781],{"className":54,"code":153780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n20\n30\n",[18,153782,153783,153787,153791],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153784,153785],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153786,2137],{"class":79},[61,153788,153789],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153790,70970],{"class":79},[61,153792,153793],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,153794,69586],{"class":79},[14,153796,59152,153797,244],{},[235,153798,243],{"href":242},[47,153800,153802],{"id":153801},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,153804,153805],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[26,153807,153808,153813,153818],{},[29,153809,153810,153812],{},[18,153811,675],{}," = first item",[29,153814,153815,153817],{},[18,153816,80],{}," = second item",[29,153819,153820,153822],{},[18,153821,1821],{}," = third item",[14,153824,153825],{},"Pattern:",[52,153827,153829],{"className":54,"code":153828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple_name[index]\n",[18,153830,153831],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153832,153833,153835,153837,153839],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153834,152326],{"class":67},[61,153836,3658],{"class":75},[61,153838,35602],{"class":67},[61,153840,94],{"class":75},[14,153842,1109],{},[52,153844,153846],{"className":54,"code":153845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[18,153847,153848,153880,153884,153901,153917],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153849,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153851,35995],{"class":67},[61,153853,72],{"class":71},[61,153855,1048],{"class":75},[61,153857,816],{"class":190},[61,153859,3838],{"class":194},[61,153861,816],{"class":190},[61,153863,83],{"class":75},[61,153865,522],{"class":190},[61,153867,3847],{"class":194},[61,153869,816],{"class":190},[61,153871,83],{"class":75},[61,153873,522],{"class":190},[61,153875,3856],{"class":194},[61,153877,816],{"class":190},[61,153879,116],{"class":75},[61,153881,153882],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,153883,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,153885,153886,153888,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,153887,130],{"class":129},[61,153889,109],{"class":75},[61,153891,36047],{"class":112},[61,153893,3658],{"class":75},[61,153895,675],{"class":79},[61,153897,20202],{"class":75},[61,153899,153900],{"class":3420},"  # apple\n",[61,153902,153903,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,153904,130],{"class":129},[61,153906,109],{"class":75},[61,153908,36047],{"class":112},[61,153910,3658],{"class":75},[61,153912,80],{"class":79},[61,153914,20202],{"class":75},[61,153916,51244],{"class":3420},[61,153918,153919,153921,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,153920,130],{"class":129},[61,153922,109],{"class":75},[61,153924,36047],{"class":112},[61,153926,3658],{"class":75},[61,153928,1821],{"class":79},[61,153930,20202],{"class":75},[61,153932,153933],{"class":3420},"  # cherry\n",[14,153935,153936],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[47,153938,153940],{"id":153939},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,153942,153943],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[26,153945,153946,153951,153956],{},[29,153947,153948,153950],{},[18,153949,65600],{}," = last item",[29,153952,153953,153955],{},[18,153954,95155],{}," = second-to-last item",[29,153957,153958,153960],{},[18,153959,47429],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,153962,1109],{},[52,153964,153966],{"className":54,"code":153965,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[18,153967,153968,154000,154004,154022,154040],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153969,153970,153972,153974,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153971,35995],{"class":67},[61,153973,72],{"class":71},[61,153975,1048],{"class":75},[61,153977,816],{"class":190},[61,153979,3838],{"class":194},[61,153981,816],{"class":190},[61,153983,83],{"class":75},[61,153985,522],{"class":190},[61,153987,3847],{"class":194},[61,153989,816],{"class":190},[61,153991,83],{"class":75},[61,153993,522],{"class":190},[61,153995,3856],{"class":194},[61,153997,816],{"class":190},[61,153999,116],{"class":75},[61,154001,154002],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154003,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,154005,154006,154008,154010,154012,154014,154016,154018,154020],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,154007,130],{"class":129},[61,154009,109],{"class":75},[61,154011,36047],{"class":112},[61,154013,3658],{"class":75},[61,154015,1786],{"class":71},[61,154017,80],{"class":79},[61,154019,20202],{"class":75},[61,154021,153933],{"class":3420},[61,154023,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,154025,130],{"class":129},[61,154027,109],{"class":75},[61,154029,36047],{"class":112},[61,154031,3658],{"class":75},[61,154033,1786],{"class":71},[61,154035,1821],{"class":79},[61,154037,20202],{"class":75},[61,154039,51244],{"class":3420},[61,154041,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,154043,130],{"class":129},[61,154045,109],{"class":75},[61,154047,36047],{"class":112},[61,154049,3658],{"class":75},[61,154051,1786],{"class":71},[61,154053,1827],{"class":79},[61,154055,20202],{"class":75},[61,154057,153900],{"class":3420},[14,154059,154060],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154062,154063],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[47,154065,154067],{"id":154066},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154069,154070],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[52,154072,154074],{"className":54,"code":154073,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[18,154075,154076,154108,154112,154129,154146],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154077,154078,154080,154082,154084,154086,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154079,4757],{"class":67},[61,154081,72],{"class":71},[61,154083,1048],{"class":75},[61,154085,816],{"class":190},[61,154087,829],{"class":194},[61,154089,816],{"class":190},[61,154091,83],{"class":75},[61,154093,522],{"class":190},[61,154095,35697],{"class":194},[61,154097,816],{"class":190},[61,154099,83],{"class":75},[61,154101,522],{"class":190},[61,154103,35706],{"class":194},[61,154105,816],{"class":190},[61,154107,116],{"class":75},[61,154109,154110],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154111,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,154113,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,154115,130],{"class":129},[61,154117,109],{"class":75},[61,154119,4801],{"class":112},[61,154121,3658],{"class":75},[61,154123,675],{"class":79},[61,154125,20202],{"class":75},[61,154127,154128],{"class":3420},"   # first item\n",[61,154130,154131,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,154132,130],{"class":129},[61,154134,109],{"class":75},[61,154136,4801],{"class":112},[61,154138,3658],{"class":75},[61,154140,80],{"class":79},[61,154142,20202],{"class":75},[61,154144,154145],{"class":3420},"   # middle item\n",[61,154147,154148,154150,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160,154162],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,154149,130],{"class":129},[61,154151,109],{"class":75},[61,154153,4801],{"class":112},[61,154155,3658],{"class":75},[61,154157,1786],{"class":71},[61,154159,80],{"class":79},[61,154161,20202],{"class":75},[61,154163,154164],{"class":3420},"  # last item\n",[14,154166,157],{},[52,154168,154170],{"className":54,"code":154169,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[18,154171,154172,154176,154181],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154173,154174],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154175,49797],{"class":67},[61,154177,154178],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154179,154180],{"class":67},"Ben\n",[61,154182,154183],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,154184,154185],{"class":67},"Cara\n",[14,154187,154188],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[47,154190,154192],{"id":154191},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154194,154195],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154197,1109],{},[52,154199,154201],{"className":54,"code":154200,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[18,154202,154203,154235,154239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154204,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231,154233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154206,35847],{"class":67},[61,154208,72],{"class":71},[61,154210,1048],{"class":75},[61,154212,816],{"class":190},[61,154214,235],{"class":194},[61,154216,816],{"class":190},[61,154218,83],{"class":75},[61,154220,522],{"class":190},[61,154222,1480],{"class":194},[61,154224,816],{"class":190},[61,154226,83],{"class":75},[61,154228,522],{"class":190},[61,154230,573],{"class":194},[61,154232,816],{"class":190},[61,154234,116],{"class":75},[61,154236,154237],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154238,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,154240,154241,154243,154245,154247,154249,154251],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,154242,130],{"class":129},[61,154244,109],{"class":75},[61,154246,35900],{"class":112},[61,154248,3658],{"class":75},[61,154250,645],{"class":79},[61,154252,1137],{"class":75},[14,154254,157],{},[52,154256,154258],{"className":54,"code":154257,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,154259,154260,154272,154277],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154261,154262,154265,154267,154270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154263,154264],{"class":112},"Traceback ",[61,154266,109],{"class":75},[61,154268,154269],{"class":112},"most recent call last",[61,154271,8099],{"class":75},[61,154273,154274],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154275,154276],{"class":34209},"  ...\n",[61,154278,154279,154281,154283,154285,154288],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,154280,70477],{"class":105},[61,154282,824],{"class":75},[61,154284,106],{"class":105},[61,154286,154287],{"class":67}," index out of ",[61,154289,70669],{"class":129},[14,154291,154292],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[26,154294,154295,154299,154303],{},[29,154296,154297],{},[18,154298,675],{},[29,154300,154301],{},[18,154302,80],{},[29,154304,154305],{},[18,154306,1821],{},[14,154308,154309,154310,244],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[235,154311,154312,154314],{"href":148964},[18,154313,42118],{}," on a tuple",[52,154316,154318],{"className":54,"code":154317,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[18,154319,154320,154352,154356,154372,154376,154394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154321,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154323,35847],{"class":67},[61,154325,72],{"class":71},[61,154327,1048],{"class":75},[61,154329,816],{"class":190},[61,154331,235],{"class":194},[61,154333,816],{"class":190},[61,154335,83],{"class":75},[61,154337,522],{"class":190},[61,154339,1480],{"class":194},[61,154341,816],{"class":190},[61,154343,83],{"class":75},[61,154345,522],{"class":190},[61,154347,573],{"class":194},[61,154349,816],{"class":190},[61,154351,116],{"class":75},[61,154353,154354],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154355,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,154357,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,154359,130],{"class":129},[61,154361,109],{"class":75},[61,154363,10914],{"class":129},[61,154365,109],{"class":75},[61,154367,35900],{"class":112},[61,154369,5122],{"class":75},[61,154371,50528],{"class":3420},[61,154373,154374],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,154375,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,154377,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,154379,6758],{"class":3634},[61,154381,38142],{"class":129},[61,154383,109],{"class":75},[61,154385,35900],{"class":112},[61,154387,3417],{"class":75},[61,154389,38152],{"class":71},[61,154391,86],{"class":79},[61,154393,6152],{"class":75},[61,154395,154396,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,154397,7827],{"class":129},[61,154399,109],{"class":75},[61,154401,35900],{"class":112},[61,154403,3658],{"class":75},[61,154405,1821],{"class":79},[61,154407,1137],{"class":75},[14,154409,154410,154411,244],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[235,154412,25436,154414],{"href":154413},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[18,154415,154416],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[47,154418,154420],{"id":154419},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154422,154423],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[26,154425,154426,154428],{},[29,154427,76621],{},[29,154429,154430],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154432,154433],{},"Indexing example:",[52,154435,154437],{"className":54,"code":154436,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[18,154438,154439,154463,154467],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154440,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154442,68],{"class":67},[61,154444,72],{"class":71},[61,154446,1048],{"class":75},[61,154448,430],{"class":79},[61,154450,83],{"class":75},[61,154452,435],{"class":79},[61,154454,83],{"class":75},[61,154456,440],{"class":79},[61,154458,83],{"class":75},[61,154460,50601],{"class":79},[61,154462,116],{"class":75},[61,154464,154465],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154466,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,154468,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,154470,130],{"class":129},[61,154472,109],{"class":75},[61,154474,113],{"class":112},[61,154476,3658],{"class":75},[61,154478,80],{"class":79},[61,154480,1137],{"class":75},[14,154482,157],{},[52,154484,154485],{"className":54,"code":70970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,154486,154487],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154488,154489],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154490,70970],{"class":79},[14,154492,154493],{},"Slicing example:",[52,154495,154497],{"className":54,"code":154496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,154498,154499,154523,154527],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154500,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154502,68],{"class":67},[61,154504,72],{"class":71},[61,154506,1048],{"class":75},[61,154508,430],{"class":79},[61,154510,83],{"class":75},[61,154512,435],{"class":79},[61,154514,83],{"class":75},[61,154516,440],{"class":79},[61,154518,83],{"class":75},[61,154520,50601],{"class":79},[61,154522,116],{"class":75},[61,154524,154525],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154526,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,154528,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539,154541,154543],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,154530,130],{"class":129},[61,154532,109],{"class":75},[61,154534,113],{"class":112},[61,154536,3658],{"class":75},[61,154538,80],{"class":79},[61,154540,824],{"class":75},[61,154542,1827],{"class":79},[61,154544,1137],{"class":75},[14,154546,157],{},[52,154548,154550],{"className":54,"code":154549,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 30)\n",[18,154551,154552],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154553,154554,154556,154558,154560,154562],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154555,109],{"class":75},[61,154557,15510],{"class":79},[61,154559,83],{"class":75},[61,154561,440],{"class":79},[61,154563,116],{"class":75},[14,154565,154566,154567,244],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[235,154568,150634],{"href":150633},[47,154570,154572],{"id":154571},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154574,154575],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154577,154578],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154580,6448],{},[52,154582,154584],{"className":54,"code":154583,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[18,154585,154586,154618],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154587,154588,154590,154592,154594,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154589,12831],{"class":67},[61,154591,72],{"class":71},[61,154593,1048],{"class":75},[61,154595,816],{"class":190},[61,154597,12848],{"class":194},[61,154599,816],{"class":190},[61,154601,83],{"class":75},[61,154603,522],{"class":190},[61,154605,17212],{"class":194},[61,154607,816],{"class":190},[61,154609,83],{"class":75},[61,154611,522],{"class":190},[61,154613,12865],{"class":194},[61,154615,816],{"class":190},[61,154617,116],{"class":75},[61,154619,154620,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154621,130],{"class":129},[61,154623,109],{"class":75},[61,154625,17259],{"class":112},[61,154627,3658],{"class":75},[61,154629,80],{"class":79},[61,154631,1137],{"class":75},[14,154633,154634],{},"But this does not work:",[52,154636,154638],{"className":54,"code":154637,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[18,154639,154640,154672],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154641,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154643,12831],{"class":67},[61,154645,72],{"class":71},[61,154647,1048],{"class":75},[61,154649,816],{"class":190},[61,154651,12848],{"class":194},[61,154653,816],{"class":190},[61,154655,83],{"class":75},[61,154657,522],{"class":190},[61,154659,17212],{"class":194},[61,154661,816],{"class":190},[61,154663,83],{"class":75},[61,154665,522],{"class":190},[61,154667,12865],{"class":194},[61,154669,816],{"class":190},[61,154671,116],{"class":75},[61,154673,154674,154676,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686,154688],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154675,17259],{"class":67},[61,154677,3658],{"class":75},[61,154679,80],{"class":79},[61,154681,13028],{"class":75},[61,154683,13031],{"class":71},[61,154685,522],{"class":190},[61,154687,22281],{"class":194},[61,154689,528],{"class":190},[14,154691,154692],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,154694,154695],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[47,154697,2590],{"id":2589},[14,154699,154700],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[26,154702,154703,154709,154712,154715],{},[29,154704,132456,154705,10844,154707],{},[18,154706,80],{},[18,154708,675],{},[29,154710,154711],{},"Using an index that is too large",[29,154713,154714],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[29,154716,154717,154718],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[18,154719,154720],{},"tuple[index]",[14,154722,62048],{},[52,154724,154726],{"className":54,"code":154725,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[18,154727,154728,154738,154752,154766,154782],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154729,154730,154732,154734,154736],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154731,130],{"class":129},[61,154733,109],{"class":75},[61,154735,147744],{"class":112},[61,154737,116],{"class":75},[61,154739,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154741,130],{"class":129},[61,154743,109],{"class":75},[61,154745,10914],{"class":129},[61,154747,109],{"class":75},[61,154749,147744],{"class":112},[61,154751,154],{"class":75},[61,154753,154754,154756,154758,154760,154762,154764],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,154755,130],{"class":129},[61,154757,109],{"class":75},[61,154759,147744],{"class":112},[61,154761,3658],{"class":75},[61,154763,675],{"class":79},[61,154765,1137],{"class":75},[61,154767,154768,154770,154772,154774,154776,154778,154780],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,154769,130],{"class":129},[61,154771,109],{"class":75},[61,154773,147744],{"class":112},[61,154775,3658],{"class":75},[61,154777,1786],{"class":71},[61,154779,80],{"class":79},[61,154781,1137],{"class":75},[61,154783,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,154785,130],{"class":129},[61,154787,109],{"class":75},[61,154789,147],{"class":105},[61,154791,109],{"class":75},[61,154793,147744],{"class":112},[61,154795,154],{"class":75},[14,154797,154798],{},"These can help you confirm:",[26,154800,154801,154804,154806,154809],{},[29,154802,154803],{},"what the tuple contains",[29,154805,60538],{},[29,154807,154808],{},"what the first and last items are",[29,154810,154811],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[47,154813,1620],{"id":1619},[408,154815,154817],{"id":154816},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,154819,154820,154821,244],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[18,154822,675],{},[408,154824,154826],{"id":154825},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,154828,204,154829,154831],{},[18,154830,65600],{}," as the index:",[52,154833,154835],{"className":54,"code":154834,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[18,154836,154837],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154838,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154840,147744],{"class":67},[61,154842,3658],{"class":75},[61,154844,1786],{"class":71},[61,154846,80],{"class":79},[61,154848,94],{"class":75},[408,154850,154852],{"id":154851},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,154854,154855],{},"Python raises:",[52,154857,154859],{"className":54,"code":154858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,154860,154861],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154862,154863,154865,154867,154869,154871],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154864,70477],{"class":105},[61,154866,824],{"class":75},[61,154868,106],{"class":105},[61,154870,154287],{"class":67},[61,154872,70669],{"class":129},[408,154874,154876],{"id":154875},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,154878,154879],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[47,154881,1664],{"id":1663},[26,154883,154884,154889,154893,154897,154903],{},[29,154885,154886],{},[235,154887,154888],{"href":147729},"How to create a tuple in Python",[29,154890,154891],{},[235,154892,150634],{"href":150633},[29,154894,154895],{},[235,154896,150639],{"href":148964},[29,154898,154899],{},[235,154900,25879,154901],{"href":154413},[18,154902,154416],{},[29,154904,154905],{},[235,154906,243],{"href":242},[1693,154908,154909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":154911},[154912,154913,154914,154915,154916,154917,154918,154919,154920,154921,154927],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":153675,"depth":97,"text":153676},{"id":153801,"depth":97,"text":153802},{"id":153939,"depth":97,"text":153940},{"id":154066,"depth":97,"text":154067},{"id":154191,"depth":97,"text":154192},{"id":154419,"depth":97,"text":154420},{"id":154571,"depth":97,"text":154572},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":154922},[154923,154924,154925,154926],{"id":154816,"depth":119,"text":154817},{"id":154825,"depth":119,"text":154826},{"id":154851,"depth":119,"text":154852},{"id":154875,"depth":119,"text":154876},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153532,"description":154928},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154934,"title":154935,"body":154936,"description":156825,"extension":1727,"meta":156826,"navigation":122,"path":156827,"seo":156828,"stem":156829,"__hash__":156830},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154937,"toc":156782},[154938,154944,154949,155000,155004,155012,155018,155020,155036,155038,155041,155056,155058,155071,155073,155130,155134,155142,155149,155155,155161,155165,155216,155220,155228,155232,155261,155265,155273,155277,155310,155314,155322,155326,155329,155380,155384,155392,155394,155411,155415,155419,155478,155482,155490,155493,155520,155524,155532,155536,155542,155617,155621,155658,155666,155670,155733,155737,155745,155750,155754,155760,155803,155807,155815,155821,155824,155871,155875,155883,155892,155898,155953,155957,155965,155968,155972,155974,156005,156009,156028,156031,156076,156080,156103,156109,156114,156116,156163,156168,156171,156219,156223,156231,156235,156240,156244,156294,156298,156313,156317,156375,156379,156394,156398,156469,156473,156482,156486,156565,156569,156591,156599,156601,156604,156629,156631,156684,156686,156703,156705,156709,156715,156720,156725,156729,156734,156738,156743,156749,156752,156754,156779],[10,154939,154941,154942,3417],{"id":154940},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[18,154943,10914],{},[14,154945,204,154946,154948],{},[18,154947,42118],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[52,154950,154952],{"className":54,"code":154951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,154953,154954,154986],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154955,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154957,12831],{"class":67},[61,154959,72],{"class":71},[61,154961,1048],{"class":75},[61,154963,816],{"class":190},[61,154965,12848],{"class":194},[61,154967,816],{"class":190},[61,154969,83],{"class":75},[61,154971,522],{"class":190},[61,154973,17212],{"class":194},[61,154975,816],{"class":190},[61,154977,83],{"class":75},[61,154979,522],{"class":190},[61,154981,12865],{"class":194},[61,154983,816],{"class":190},[61,154985,116],{"class":75},[61,154987,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,154989,130],{"class":129},[61,154991,109],{"class":75},[61,154993,10914],{"class":129},[61,154995,109],{"class":75},[61,154997,17259],{"class":112},[61,154999,154],{"class":75},[14,155001,155002],{},[603,155003,157],{},[52,155005,155006],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155007,155008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155009,155010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155011,46375],{"class":79},[14,155013,204,155014,155017],{},[18,155015,155016],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[47,155019,14918],{"id":14917},[26,155021,155022,155027,155031,155034],{},[29,155023,3958,155024,155026],{},[18,155025,42118],{}," works with tuples",[29,155028,68004,155029,11459],{},[18,155030,42118],{},[29,155032,155033],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[29,155035,4280],{},[47,155037,248],{"id":247},[14,155039,155040],{},"Use this pattern:",[52,155042,155044],{"className":54,"code":155043,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"len(my_tuple)\n",[18,155045,155046],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155047,155048,155050,155052,155054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155049,10914],{"class":129},[61,155051,109],{"class":75},[61,155053,147744],{"class":112},[61,155055,116],{"class":75},[14,155057,277],{},[26,155059,155060,155063,155066],{},[29,155061,155062],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[29,155064,155065],{},"The result is an integer",[29,155067,155068,155070],{},[18,155069,42118],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155072,1109],{},[52,155074,155076],{"className":54,"code":155075,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,155077,155078,155102,155116,155120],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155079,155080,155082,155084,155086,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155081,68],{"class":67},[61,155083,72],{"class":71},[61,155085,1048],{"class":75},[61,155087,430],{"class":79},[61,155089,83],{"class":75},[61,155091,435],{"class":79},[61,155093,83],{"class":75},[61,155095,440],{"class":79},[61,155097,83],{"class":75},[61,155099,50601],{"class":79},[61,155101,116],{"class":75},[61,155103,155104,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155105,40998],{"class":67},[61,155107,72],{"class":71},[61,155109,38142],{"class":129},[61,155111,109],{"class":75},[61,155113,113],{"class":112},[61,155115,116],{"class":75},[61,155117,155118],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,155119,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,155121,155122,155124,155126,155128],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,155123,130],{"class":129},[61,155125,109],{"class":75},[61,155127,41016],{"class":112},[61,155129,116],{"class":75},[14,155131,155132],{},[603,155133,157],{},[52,155135,155136],{"className":54,"code":48409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155137,155138],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155139,155140],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155141,48409],{"class":79},[14,155143,155144,155145,244],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[235,155146,3332,155147,3265],{"href":42115},[18,155148,42118],{},[47,155150,3435,155152,155154],{"id":155151},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[18,155153,42118],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155156,155157,155158,155160],{},"For a tuple, ",[18,155159,42118],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[408,155162,155164],{"id":155163},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[52,155166,155168],{"className":54,"code":155167,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[18,155169,155170,155202],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155171,155172,155174,155176,155178,155180,155182,155184,155186,155188,155190,155192,155194,155196,155198,155200],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155173,35995],{"class":67},[61,155175,72],{"class":71},[61,155177,1048],{"class":75},[61,155179,816],{"class":190},[61,155181,3838],{"class":194},[61,155183,816],{"class":190},[61,155185,83],{"class":75},[61,155187,522],{"class":190},[61,155189,3847],{"class":194},[61,155191,816],{"class":190},[61,155193,83],{"class":75},[61,155195,522],{"class":190},[61,155197,32976],{"class":194},[61,155199,816],{"class":190},[61,155201,116],{"class":75},[61,155203,155204,155206,155208,155210,155212,155214],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155205,130],{"class":129},[61,155207,109],{"class":75},[61,155209,10914],{"class":129},[61,155211,109],{"class":75},[61,155213,36047],{"class":112},[61,155215,154],{"class":75},[14,155217,155218],{},[603,155219,157],{},[52,155221,155222],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155223,155224],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155225,155226],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155227,46375],{"class":79},[408,155229,155231],{"id":155230},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[52,155233,155235],{"className":54,"code":155234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[18,155236,155237,155246],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155238,155239,155242,155244],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155240,155241],{"class":67},"empty_tuple ",[61,155243,72],{"class":71},[61,155245,402],{"class":75},[61,155247,155248,155250,155252,155254,155256,155259],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155249,130],{"class":129},[61,155251,109],{"class":75},[61,155253,10914],{"class":129},[61,155255,109],{"class":75},[61,155257,155258],{"class":112},"empty_tuple",[61,155260,154],{"class":75},[14,155262,155263],{},[603,155264,157],{},[52,155266,155267],{"className":54,"code":47010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155268,155269],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155270,155271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155272,47010],{"class":79},[408,155274,155276],{"id":155275},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[52,155278,155280],{"className":54,"code":155279,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[18,155281,155282,155295],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155283,155284,155287,155289,155291,155293],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155285,155286],{"class":67},"single_value ",[61,155288,72],{"class":71},[61,155290,1048],{"class":75},[61,155292,645],{"class":79},[61,155294,1407],{"class":75},[61,155296,155297,155299,155301,155303,155305,155308],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155298,130],{"class":129},[61,155300,109],{"class":75},[61,155302,10914],{"class":129},[61,155304,109],{"class":75},[61,155306,155307],{"class":112},"single_value",[61,155309,154],{"class":75},[14,155311,155312],{},[603,155313,157],{},[52,155315,155316],{"className":54,"code":46675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155317,155318],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155319,155320],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155321,46675],{"class":79},[408,155323,155325],{"id":155324},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155327,155328],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[52,155330,155332],{"className":54,"code":155331,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,155333,155334,155366],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155335,155336,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155337,1459],{"class":67},[61,155339,72],{"class":71},[61,155341,1048],{"class":75},[61,155343,80],{"class":79},[61,155345,83],{"class":75},[61,155347,1048],{"class":75},[61,155349,1821],{"class":79},[61,155351,83],{"class":75},[61,155353,91],{"class":79},[61,155355,1045],{"class":75},[61,155357,76],{"class":75},[61,155359,1129],{"class":79},[61,155361,83],{"class":75},[61,155363,4367],{"class":79},[61,155365,1137],{"class":75},[61,155367,155368,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155369,130],{"class":129},[61,155371,109],{"class":75},[61,155373,10914],{"class":129},[61,155375,109],{"class":75},[61,155377,1501],{"class":112},[61,155379,154],{"class":75},[14,155381,155382],{},[603,155383,157],{},[52,155385,155386],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155387,155388],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155389,155390],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155391,46375],{"class":79},[14,155393,19713],{},[26,155395,155396,155401,155406],{},[29,155397,155398,155400],{},[18,155399,80],{}," is one item",[29,155402,155403,155400],{},[18,155404,155405],{},"(2, 3)",[29,155407,155408,155400],{},[18,155409,155410],{},"[4, 5]",[47,155412,155414],{"id":155413},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[408,155416,155418],{"id":155417},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[52,155420,155422],{"className":54,"code":155421,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155423,155424,155464],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155425,155426,155428,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454,155456,155458,155460,155462],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155427,12831],{"class":67},[61,155429,72],{"class":71},[61,155431,1048],{"class":75},[61,155433,816],{"class":190},[61,155435,12848],{"class":194},[61,155437,816],{"class":190},[61,155439,83],{"class":75},[61,155441,522],{"class":190},[61,155443,17212],{"class":194},[61,155445,816],{"class":190},[61,155447,83],{"class":75},[61,155449,522],{"class":190},[61,155451,12865],{"class":194},[61,155453,816],{"class":190},[61,155455,83],{"class":75},[61,155457,522],{"class":190},[61,155459,22281],{"class":194},[61,155461,816],{"class":190},[61,155463,116],{"class":75},[61,155465,155466,155468,155470,155472,155474,155476],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155467,130],{"class":129},[61,155469,109],{"class":75},[61,155471,10914],{"class":129},[61,155473,109],{"class":75},[61,155475,17259],{"class":112},[61,155477,154],{"class":75},[14,155479,155480],{},[603,155481,157],{},[52,155483,155484],{"className":54,"code":48409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155485,155486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155487,155488],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155489,48409],{"class":79},[408,155491,155231],{"id":155492},"empty-tuple-1",[52,155494,155496],{"className":54,"code":155495,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,155497,155498,155506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155499,155500,155502,155504],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155501,7539],{"class":67},[61,155503,72],{"class":71},[61,155505,402],{"class":75},[61,155507,155508,155510,155512,155514,155516,155518],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155509,130],{"class":129},[61,155511,109],{"class":75},[61,155513,10914],{"class":129},[61,155515,109],{"class":75},[61,155517,993],{"class":112},[61,155519,154],{"class":75},[14,155521,155522],{},[603,155523,157],{},[52,155525,155526],{"className":54,"code":47010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155527,155528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155529,155530],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155531,47010],{"class":79},[408,155533,155535],{"id":155534},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155537,155538,155539,155541],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[603,155540,605],{}," always a tuple.",[52,155543,155545],{"className":54,"code":155544,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[18,155546,155547,155559,155571,155575,155589,155603],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155548,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155550,2313],{"class":67},[61,155552,72],{"class":71},[61,155554,1048],{"class":75},[61,155556,645],{"class":79},[61,155558,116],{"class":75},[61,155560,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155562,2341],{"class":67},[61,155564,72],{"class":71},[61,155566,1048],{"class":75},[61,155568,645],{"class":79},[61,155570,1407],{"class":75},[61,155572,155573],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,155574,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,155576,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,155578,130],{"class":129},[61,155580,109],{"class":75},[61,155582,147],{"class":105},[61,155584,109],{"class":75},[61,155586,235],{"class":112},[61,155588,154],{"class":75},[61,155590,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,155592,130],{"class":129},[61,155594,109],{"class":75},[61,155596,147],{"class":105},[61,155598,109],{"class":75},[61,155600,1480],{"class":112},[61,155602,154],{"class":75},[61,155604,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,155606,130],{"class":129},[61,155608,109],{"class":75},[61,155610,10914],{"class":129},[61,155612,109],{"class":75},[61,155614,1480],{"class":112},[61,155616,154],{"class":75},[14,155618,155619],{},[603,155620,157],{},[52,155622,155624],{"className":54,"code":155623,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,155625,155626,155640,155654],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155627,155628,155630,155632,155634,155636,155638],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155629,183],{"class":71},[61,155631,187],{"class":186},[61,155633,191],{"class":190},[61,155635,1279],{"class":194},[61,155637,198],{"class":190},[61,155639,201],{"class":71},[61,155641,155642,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155643,183],{"class":71},[61,155645,187],{"class":186},[61,155647,191],{"class":190},[61,155649,195],{"class":194},[61,155651,198],{"class":190},[61,155653,201],{"class":71},[61,155655,155656],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,155657,46675],{"class":79},[14,155659,155660,155661,4154,155664,244],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[235,155662,155663],{"href":147729},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[235,155665,238],{"href":237},[408,155667,155669],{"id":155668},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[52,155671,155673],{"className":54,"code":155672,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,155674,155675,155719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155676,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155678,59232],{"class":67},[61,155680,72],{"class":71},[61,155682,1048],{"class":75},[61,155684,816],{"class":190},[61,155686,3838],{"class":194},[61,155688,816],{"class":190},[61,155690,83],{"class":75},[61,155692,76],{"class":75},[61,155694,80],{"class":79},[61,155696,83],{"class":75},[61,155698,86],{"class":79},[61,155700,17819],{"class":75},[61,155702,1048],{"class":75},[61,155704,816],{"class":190},[61,155706,1936],{"class":194},[61,155708,816],{"class":190},[61,155710,83],{"class":75},[61,155712,522],{"class":190},[61,155714,11499],{"class":194},[61,155716,816],{"class":190},[61,155718,154],{"class":75},[61,155720,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729,155731],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155722,130],{"class":129},[61,155724,109],{"class":75},[61,155726,10914],{"class":129},[61,155728,109],{"class":75},[61,155730,59285],{"class":112},[61,155732,154],{"class":75},[14,155734,155735],{},[603,155736,157],{},[52,155738,155739],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155740,155741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155742,155743],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155744,46375],{"class":79},[14,155746,155747,155749],{},[18,155748,42118],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[47,155751,155753],{"id":155752},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[408,155755,155757,155759],{"id":155756},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[18,155758,42118],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[52,155761,155763],{"className":54,"code":155762,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,155764,155765,155789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155766,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155768,3829],{"class":67},[61,155770,72],{"class":71},[61,155772,1048],{"class":75},[61,155774,816],{"class":190},[61,155776,63343],{"class":194},[61,155778,816],{"class":190},[61,155780,83],{"class":75},[61,155782,522],{"class":190},[61,155784,56],{"class":194},[61,155786,816],{"class":190},[61,155788,116],{"class":75},[61,155790,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155792,130],{"class":129},[61,155794,109],{"class":75},[61,155796,10914],{"class":129},[61,155798,109],{"class":75},[61,155800,3873],{"class":112},[61,155802,154],{"class":75},[14,155804,155805],{},[603,155806,157],{},[52,155808,155809],{"className":54,"code":16813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155810,155811],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155812,155813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155814,16813],{"class":79},[14,155816,155817,155818,155820],{},"This result is ",[18,155819,1821],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,155822,155823],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[52,155825,155827],{"className":54,"code":155826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[18,155828,155829,155853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155830,155831,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847,155849,155851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155832,3829],{"class":67},[61,155834,72],{"class":71},[61,155836,1048],{"class":75},[61,155838,816],{"class":190},[61,155840,63343],{"class":194},[61,155842,816],{"class":190},[61,155844,83],{"class":75},[61,155846,522],{"class":190},[61,155848,56],{"class":194},[61,155850,816],{"class":190},[61,155852,116],{"class":75},[61,155854,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155856,130],{"class":129},[61,155858,109],{"class":75},[61,155860,10914],{"class":129},[61,155862,109],{"class":75},[61,155864,3873],{"class":112},[61,155866,3658],{"class":75},[61,155868,675],{"class":79},[61,155870,2758],{"class":75},[14,155872,155873],{},[603,155874,157],{},[52,155876,155877],{"className":54,"code":16813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155878,155879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155880,155881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155882,16813],{"class":79},[14,155884,20527,155885,155888,155889,244],{},[18,155886,155887],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[18,155890,155891],{},"\"hi\"",[408,155893,155895,155897],{"id":155894},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[18,155896,42118],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[52,155899,155901],{"className":54,"code":155900,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[18,155902,155903,155939],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155904,155905,155907,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917,155919,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155906,712],{"class":67},[61,155908,72],{"class":71},[61,155910,9747],{"class":75},[61,155912,80],{"class":79},[61,155914,83],{"class":75},[61,155916,86],{"class":79},[61,155918,1045],{"class":75},[61,155920,1048],{"class":75},[61,155922,1827],{"class":79},[61,155924,83],{"class":75},[61,155926,693],{"class":79},[61,155928,1045],{"class":75},[61,155930,1048],{"class":75},[61,155932,645],{"class":79},[61,155934,83],{"class":75},[61,155936,37400],{"class":79},[61,155938,154],{"class":75},[61,155940,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155942,130],{"class":129},[61,155944,109],{"class":75},[61,155946,10914],{"class":129},[61,155948,109],{"class":75},[61,155950,743],{"class":112},[61,155952,154],{"class":75},[14,155954,155955],{},[603,155956,157],{},[52,155958,155959],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155960,155961],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155962,155963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155964,46375],{"class":79},[14,155966,155967],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[408,155969,155971],{"id":155970},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,155973,25447],{},[52,155975,155977],{"className":54,"code":155976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,155978,155979,155991],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155980,155981,155983,155985,155987,155989],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155982,1580],{"class":67},[61,155984,72],{"class":71},[61,155986,1048],{"class":75},[61,155988,430],{"class":79},[61,155990,116],{"class":75},[61,155992,155993,155995,155997,155999,156001,156003],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,155994,130],{"class":129},[61,155996,109],{"class":75},[61,155998,147],{"class":105},[61,156000,109],{"class":75},[61,156002,1605],{"class":112},[61,156004,154],{"class":75},[14,156006,156007],{},[603,156008,157],{},[52,156010,156012],{"className":54,"code":156011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,156013,156014],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156015,156016,156018,156020,156022,156024,156026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156017,183],{"class":71},[61,156019,187],{"class":186},[61,156021,191],{"class":190},[61,156023,1279],{"class":194},[61,156025,198],{"class":190},[61,156027,201],{"class":71},[14,156029,156030],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[52,156032,156034],{"className":54,"code":156033,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,156035,156036,156048,156062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156037,156038,156040,156042,156044,156046],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156039,1580],{"class":67},[61,156041,72],{"class":71},[61,156043,1048],{"class":75},[61,156045,430],{"class":79},[61,156047,1407],{"class":75},[61,156049,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156051,130],{"class":129},[61,156053,109],{"class":75},[61,156055,147],{"class":105},[61,156057,109],{"class":75},[61,156059,1605],{"class":112},[61,156061,154],{"class":75},[61,156063,156064,156066,156068,156070,156072,156074],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,156065,130],{"class":129},[61,156067,109],{"class":75},[61,156069,10914],{"class":129},[61,156071,109],{"class":75},[61,156073,1605],{"class":112},[61,156075,154],{"class":75},[14,156077,156078],{},[603,156079,157],{},[52,156081,156083],{"className":54,"code":156082,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156084,156085,156099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156086,156087,156089,156091,156093,156095,156097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156088,183],{"class":71},[61,156090,187],{"class":186},[61,156092,191],{"class":190},[61,156094,195],{"class":194},[61,156096,198],{"class":190},[61,156098,201],{"class":71},[61,156100,156101],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156102,46675],{"class":79},[408,156104,156106,156108],{"id":156105},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[18,156107,10914],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156110,1190,156111,156113],{},[18,156112,10914],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156115,44217],{},[52,156117,156119],{"className":54,"code":156118,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156120,156121,156129,156149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156122,156123,156125,156127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156124,10914],{"class":129},[61,156126,13031],{"class":71},[61,156128,2346],{"class":79},[61,156130,156131,156133,156135,156137,156139,156141,156143,156145,156147],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156132,68],{"class":67},[61,156134,72],{"class":71},[61,156136,1048],{"class":75},[61,156138,80],{"class":79},[61,156140,83],{"class":75},[61,156142,86],{"class":79},[61,156144,83],{"class":75},[61,156146,91],{"class":79},[61,156148,116],{"class":75},[61,156150,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159,156161],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,156152,130],{"class":129},[61,156154,109],{"class":75},[61,156156,10914],{"class":129},[61,156158,109],{"class":75},[61,156160,113],{"class":112},[61,156162,154],{"class":75},[14,156164,39410,156165,156167],{},[18,156166,10914],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156169,156170],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[52,156172,156174],{"className":54,"code":156173,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156175,156176,156185,156205],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156177,156178,156181,156183],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156179,156180],{"class":67},"length_value ",[61,156182,72],{"class":71},[61,156184,2346],{"class":79},[61,156186,156187,156189,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156188,68],{"class":67},[61,156190,72],{"class":71},[61,156192,1048],{"class":75},[61,156194,80],{"class":79},[61,156196,83],{"class":75},[61,156198,86],{"class":79},[61,156200,83],{"class":75},[61,156202,91],{"class":79},[61,156204,116],{"class":75},[61,156206,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,156208,130],{"class":129},[61,156210,109],{"class":75},[61,156212,10914],{"class":129},[61,156214,109],{"class":75},[61,156216,113],{"class":112},[61,156218,154],{"class":75},[14,156220,156221],{},[603,156222,157],{},[52,156224,156225],{"className":54,"code":46375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,156226,156227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156228,156229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156230,46375],{"class":79},[47,156232,156234],{"id":156233},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156236,156237,156239],{},[18,156238,42118],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[408,156241,156243],{"id":156242},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[52,156245,156247],{"className":54,"code":156246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[18,156248,156249,156257,156261,156279],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156250,156251,156253,156255],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156252,7539],{"class":67},[61,156254,72],{"class":71},[61,156256,402],{"class":75},[61,156258,156259],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156260,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,156262,156263,156265,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275,156277],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,156264,6758],{"class":3634},[61,156266,38142],{"class":129},[61,156268,109],{"class":75},[61,156270,993],{"class":112},[61,156272,3417],{"class":75},[61,156274,6167],{"class":71},[61,156276,3591],{"class":79},[61,156278,6152],{"class":75},[61,156280,156281,156283,156285,156287,156290,156292],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,156282,7827],{"class":129},[61,156284,109],{"class":75},[61,156286,816],{"class":190},[61,156288,156289],{"class":194},"The tuple is empty",[61,156291,816],{"class":190},[61,156293,116],{"class":75},[14,156295,156296],{},[603,156297,157],{},[52,156299,156301],{"className":54,"code":156300,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The tuple is empty\n",[18,156302,156303],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156304,156305,156307,156309,156311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156306,1744],{"class":67},[61,156308,195],{"class":105},[61,156310,1287],{"class":71},[61,156312,7859],{"class":67},[408,156314,156316],{"id":156315},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[52,156318,156320],{"className":54,"code":156319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[18,156321,156322,156338,156342,156360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156323,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156325,51143],{"class":67},[61,156327,72],{"class":71},[61,156329,1048],{"class":75},[61,156331,1129],{"class":79},[61,156333,83],{"class":75},[61,156335,1134],{"class":79},[61,156337,116],{"class":75},[61,156339,156340],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156341,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,156343,156344,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,156345,6758],{"class":3634},[61,156347,38142],{"class":129},[61,156349,109],{"class":75},[61,156351,51168],{"class":112},[61,156353,3417],{"class":75},[61,156355,6167],{"class":71},[61,156357,86],{"class":79},[61,156359,6152],{"class":75},[61,156361,156362,156364,156366,156368,156371,156373],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,156363,7827],{"class":129},[61,156365,109],{"class":75},[61,156367,816],{"class":190},[61,156369,156370],{"class":194},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[61,156372,816],{"class":190},[61,156374,116],{"class":75},[14,156376,156377],{},[603,156378,157],{},[52,156380,156382],{"className":54,"code":156381,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[18,156383,156384],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156385,156386,156389,156391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156387,156388],{"class":67},"This looks like an x",[61,156390,83],{"class":75},[61,156392,156393],{"class":67}," y coordinate\n",[408,156395,156397],{"id":156396},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[52,156399,156401],{"className":54,"code":156400,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[18,156402,156403,156432,156436,156454],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156404,156405,156407,156409,156411,156413,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425,156428,156430],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156406,11241],{"class":67},[61,156408,72],{"class":71},[61,156410,1048],{"class":75},[61,156412,816],{"class":190},[61,156414,829],{"class":194},[61,156416,816],{"class":190},[61,156418,83],{"class":75},[61,156420,845],{"class":79},[61,156422,83],{"class":75},[61,156424,522],{"class":190},[61,156426,156427],{"class":194},"Canada",[61,156429,816],{"class":190},[61,156431,116],{"class":75},[61,156433,156434],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156435,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,156437,156438,156440,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,156439,6758],{"class":3634},[61,156441,38142],{"class":129},[61,156443,109],{"class":75},[61,156445,11335],{"class":112},[61,156447,3417],{"class":75},[61,156449,6167],{"class":71},[61,156451,91],{"class":79},[61,156453,6152],{"class":75},[61,156455,156456,156458,156460,156462,156465,156467],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,156457,7827],{"class":129},[61,156459,109],{"class":75},[61,156461,816],{"class":190},[61,156463,156464],{"class":194},"User record has the expected number of values",[61,156466,816],{"class":190},[61,156468,116],{"class":75},[14,156470,156471],{},[603,156472,157],{},[52,156474,156476],{"className":54,"code":156475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[18,156477,156478],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156479,156480],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156481,156475],{"class":67},[408,156483,156485],{"id":156484},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[52,156487,156489],{"className":54,"code":156488,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[18,156490,156491,156523,156527,156547],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156492,156493,156495,156497,156499,156501,156503,156505,156507,156509,156511,156513,156515,156517,156519,156521],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156494,35847],{"class":67},[61,156496,72],{"class":71},[61,156498,1048],{"class":75},[61,156500,816],{"class":190},[61,156502,235],{"class":194},[61,156504,816],{"class":190},[61,156506,83],{"class":75},[61,156508,522],{"class":190},[61,156510,1480],{"class":194},[61,156512,816],{"class":190},[61,156514,83],{"class":75},[61,156516,522],{"class":190},[61,156518,573],{"class":194},[61,156520,816],{"class":190},[61,156522,116],{"class":75},[61,156524,156525],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156526,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,156528,156529,156531,156533,156535,156537,156539,156541,156543,156545],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,156530,5717],{"class":3634},[61,156532,69294],{"class":67},[61,156534,3641],{"class":3634},[61,156536,53828],{"class":129},[61,156538,109],{"class":75},[61,156540,10914],{"class":129},[61,156542,109],{"class":75},[61,156544,35900],{"class":112},[61,156546,69309],{"class":75},[61,156548,156549,156551,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561,156563],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,156550,7827],{"class":129},[61,156552,109],{"class":75},[61,156554,35911],{"class":112},[61,156556,83],{"class":75},[61,156558,69842],{"class":112},[61,156560,3658],{"class":75},[61,156562,35911],{"class":112},[61,156564,1137],{"class":75},[14,156566,156567],{},[603,156568,157],{},[52,156570,156571],{"className":54,"code":35923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,156572,156573,156579,156585],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156574,156575,156577],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156576,675],{"class":79},[61,156578,35932],{"class":67},[61,156580,156581,156583],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156582,80],{"class":79},[61,156584,35939],{"class":67},[61,156586,156587,156589],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,156588,1821],{"class":79},[61,156590,35946],{"class":67},[14,156592,156593,156594,156596,156597,244],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[235,156595,149393],{"href":149392},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[235,156598,150634],{"href":150633},[47,156600,2590],{"id":2589},[14,156602,156603],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[26,156605,156606,156614,156621,156626],{},[29,156607,156608,156609,10844,156612],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[18,156610,156611],{},"(5)",[18,156613,149228],{},[29,156615,8175,156616,156618,156619],{},[18,156617,10914],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[18,156620,42118],{},[29,156622,8211,156623,156625],{},[18,156624,42118],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[29,156627,156628],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,156630,31838],{},[52,156632,156634],{"className":54,"code":156633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[18,156635,156636,156646,156660,156674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156637,156638,156640,156642,156644],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156639,130],{"class":129},[61,156641,109],{"class":75},[61,156643,147744],{"class":112},[61,156645,116],{"class":75},[61,156647,156648,156650,156652,156654,156656,156658],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156649,130],{"class":129},[61,156651,109],{"class":75},[61,156653,147],{"class":105},[61,156655,109],{"class":75},[61,156657,147744],{"class":112},[61,156659,154],{"class":75},[61,156661,156662,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,156663,130],{"class":129},[61,156665,109],{"class":75},[61,156667,10914],{"class":129},[61,156669,109],{"class":75},[61,156671,147744],{"class":112},[61,156673,154],{"class":75},[61,156675,156676,156678,156680,156682],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,156677,31908],{"class":129},[61,156679,109],{"class":75},[61,156681,10914],{"class":129},[61,156683,116],{"class":75},[14,156685,154798],{},[26,156687,156688,156691,156694,156698],{},[29,156689,156690],{},"what value you are using",[29,156692,156693],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[29,156695,25776,156696,11459],{},[18,156697,42118],{},[29,156699,123121,156700,156702],{},[18,156701,42118],{}," is documented in Python",[47,156704,1620],{"id":1619},[408,156706,156708],{"id":156707},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,156710,204,156711,156714],{},[18,156712,156713],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[408,156716,12459,156718,148903],{"id":156717},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[18,156719,42118],{},[14,156721,46123,156722,156724],{},[18,156723,42118],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[408,156726,156728],{"id":156727},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,156730,156731,156732,244],{},"The length is ",[18,156733,675],{},[408,156735,156737],{"id":156736},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,156739,150580,156740,156742],{},[18,156741,150583],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[408,156744,12459,156746,156748],{"id":156745},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[18,156747,42118],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,156750,156751],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[47,156753,1664],{"id":1663},[26,156755,156756,156762,156766,156770,156774],{},[29,156757,156758],{},[235,156759,3332,156760,3265],{"href":42115},[18,156761,42118],{},[29,156763,156764],{},[235,156765,155663],{"href":147729},[29,156767,156768],{},[235,156769,149393],{"href":149392},[29,156771,156772],{},[235,156773,150634],{"href":150633},[29,156775,156776],{},[235,156777,156778],{"href":237},"What is a tuple in Python",[1693,156780,156781],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":156783},[156784,156785,156786,156793,156799,156808,156814,156815,156824],{"id":14917,"depth":97,"text":14918},{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":155151,"depth":97,"text":156787,"children":156788},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156789,156790,156791,156792],{"id":155163,"depth":119,"text":155164},{"id":155230,"depth":119,"text":155231},{"id":155275,"depth":119,"text":155276},{"id":155324,"depth":119,"text":155325},{"id":155413,"depth":97,"text":155414,"children":156794},[156795,156796,156797,156798],{"id":155417,"depth":119,"text":155418},{"id":155492,"depth":119,"text":155231},{"id":155534,"depth":119,"text":155535},{"id":155668,"depth":119,"text":155669},{"id":155752,"depth":97,"text":155753,"children":156800},[156801,156803,156805,156806],{"id":155756,"depth":119,"text":156802},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155894,"depth":119,"text":156804},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155970,"depth":119,"text":155971},{"id":156105,"depth":119,"text":156807},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156233,"depth":97,"text":156234,"children":156809},[156810,156811,156812,156813],{"id":156242,"depth":119,"text":156243},{"id":156315,"depth":119,"text":156316},{"id":156396,"depth":119,"text":156397},{"id":156484,"depth":119,"text":156485},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":156816},[156817,156818,156820,156821,156822],{"id":156707,"depth":119,"text":156708},{"id":156717,"depth":119,"text":156819},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156727,"depth":119,"text":156728},{"id":156736,"depth":119,"text":156737},{"id":156745,"depth":119,"text":156823},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154935,"description":156825},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156832,"title":156833,"body":156834,"description":159219,"extension":1727,"meta":159220,"navigation":122,"path":159221,"seo":159222,"stem":159223,"__hash__":159224},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156835,"toc":159180},[156836,156839,156842,156845,156868,156874,156876,156987,156991,156994,157004,157006,157105,157107,157184,157190,157194,157197,157220,157223,157240,157243,157245,157308,157310,157327,157338,157343,157345,157348,157354,157405,157407,157427,157431,157482,157484,157505,157509,157564,157566,157587,157591,157646,157648,157669,157673,157726,157728,157757,157759,157761,157764,157768,157825,157827,157848,157852,157905,157907,157932,157937,157941,157946,157964,157967,158030,158032,158053,158056,158117,158119,158140,158143,158186,158189,158193,158198,158202,158281,158283,158314,158318,158393,158395,158422,158426,158473,158475,158483,158488,158492,158495,158510,158512,158600,158602,158627,158630,158673,158682,158684,158687,158702,158705,158709,158763,158765,158785,158790,158794,158796,158834,158837,158887,158891,158964,158966,159003,159006,159008,159011,159031,159034,159103,159105,159118,159120,159124,159127,159131,159134,159139,159142,159148,159153,159155,159177],[10,156837,156833],{"id":156838},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,156840,156841],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,156843,156844],{},"Use this format:",[52,156846,156848],{"className":54,"code":156847,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,156849,156850],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156851,156852,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156853,195],{"class":67},[61,156855,3658],{"class":75},[61,156857,35829],{"class":67},[61,156859,824],{"class":75},[61,156861,75172],{"class":67},[61,156863,824],{"class":75},[61,156865,75175],{"class":67},[61,156867,94],{"class":75},[14,156869,1744,156870,75208,156872,244],{},[18,156871,75172],{},[603,156873,64815],{},[47,156875,50],{"id":49},[52,156877,156879],{"className":54,"code":156878,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,156880,156881,156909,156913,156934,156951,156968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156882,156883,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156884,68],{"class":67},[61,156886,72],{"class":71},[61,156888,1048],{"class":75},[61,156890,430],{"class":79},[61,156892,83],{"class":75},[61,156894,435],{"class":79},[61,156896,83],{"class":75},[61,156898,440],{"class":79},[61,156900,83],{"class":75},[61,156902,50601],{"class":79},[61,156904,83],{"class":75},[61,156906,4843],{"class":79},[61,156908,116],{"class":75},[61,156910,156911],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,156912,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,156914,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,156916,130],{"class":129},[61,156918,109],{"class":75},[61,156920,113],{"class":112},[61,156922,3658],{"class":75},[61,156924,80],{"class":79},[61,156926,824],{"class":75},[61,156928,1129],{"class":79},[61,156930,20202],{"class":75},[61,156932,156933],{"class":3420},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[61,156935,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944,156946,156948],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,156937,130],{"class":129},[61,156939,109],{"class":75},[61,156941,113],{"class":112},[61,156943,75281],{"class":75},[61,156945,1827],{"class":79},[61,156947,20202],{"class":75},[61,156949,156950],{"class":3420},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[61,156952,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,156954,130],{"class":129},[61,156956,109],{"class":75},[61,156958,113],{"class":112},[61,156960,73868],{"class":75},[61,156962,1821],{"class":79},[61,156964,20202],{"class":75},[61,156966,156967],{"class":3420},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[61,156969,156970,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982,156984],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,156971,130],{"class":129},[61,156973,109],{"class":75},[61,156975,113],{"class":112},[61,156977,73868],{"class":75},[61,156979,1786],{"class":71},[61,156981,80],{"class":79},[61,156983,20202],{"class":75},[61,156985,156986],{"class":3420},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[47,156988,156990],{"id":156989},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,156992,156993],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[26,156995,156996,156998,157001],{},[29,156997,75475],{},[29,156999,157000],{},"The result is a new tuple",[29,157002,157003],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157005,1109],{},[52,157007,157009],{"className":54,"code":157008,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,157010,157011,157059,157063,157081,157085,157095],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157012,157013,157015,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039,157041,157043,157045,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157014,35847],{"class":67},[61,157016,72],{"class":71},[61,157018,1048],{"class":75},[61,157020,816],{"class":190},[61,157022,235],{"class":194},[61,157024,816],{"class":190},[61,157026,83],{"class":75},[61,157028,522],{"class":190},[61,157030,1480],{"class":194},[61,157032,816],{"class":190},[61,157034,83],{"class":75},[61,157036,522],{"class":190},[61,157038,573],{"class":194},[61,157040,816],{"class":190},[61,157042,83],{"class":75},[61,157044,522],{"class":190},[61,157046,18523],{"class":194},[61,157048,816],{"class":190},[61,157050,83],{"class":75},[61,157052,522],{"class":190},[61,157054,1353],{"class":194},[61,157056,816],{"class":190},[61,157058,116],{"class":75},[61,157060,157061],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157062,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,157064,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,157066,75405],{"class":67},[61,157068,72],{"class":71},[61,157070,69842],{"class":67},[61,157072,3658],{"class":75},[61,157074,80],{"class":79},[61,157076,824],{"class":75},[61,157078,1129],{"class":79},[61,157080,94],{"class":75},[61,157082,157083],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,157084,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,157086,157087,157089,157091,157093],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,157088,130],{"class":129},[61,157090,109],{"class":75},[61,157092,75428],{"class":112},[61,157094,116],{"class":75},[61,157096,157097,157099,157101,157103],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,157098,130],{"class":129},[61,157100,109],{"class":75},[61,157102,35900],{"class":112},[61,157104,116],{"class":75},[14,157106,157],{},[52,157108,157110],{"className":54,"code":157109,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[18,157111,157112,157140],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157113,157114,157116,157118,157120,157122,157124,157126,157128,157130,157132,157134,157136,157138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157115,109],{"class":75},[61,157117,198],{"class":190},[61,157119,1480],{"class":194},[61,157121,198],{"class":190},[61,157123,83],{"class":75},[61,157125,191],{"class":190},[61,157127,573],{"class":194},[61,157129,198],{"class":190},[61,157131,83],{"class":75},[61,157133,191],{"class":190},[61,157135,18523],{"class":194},[61,157137,198],{"class":190},[61,157139,116],{"class":75},[61,157141,157142,157144,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157143,109],{"class":75},[61,157145,198],{"class":190},[61,157147,235],{"class":194},[61,157149,198],{"class":190},[61,157151,83],{"class":75},[61,157153,191],{"class":190},[61,157155,1480],{"class":194},[61,157157,198],{"class":190},[61,157159,83],{"class":75},[61,157161,191],{"class":190},[61,157163,573],{"class":194},[61,157165,198],{"class":190},[61,157167,83],{"class":75},[61,157169,191],{"class":190},[61,157171,18523],{"class":194},[61,157173,198],{"class":190},[61,157175,83],{"class":75},[61,157177,191],{"class":190},[61,157179,1353],{"class":194},[61,157181,198],{"class":190},[61,157183,116],{"class":75},[14,157185,157186,157187,244],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[235,157188,243],{"href":157189},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[47,157191,157193],{"id":157192},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157195,157196],{},"The full syntax is:",[52,157198,157200],{"className":54,"code":157199,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157201,157202],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157203,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157205,147744],{"class":67},[61,157207,3658],{"class":75},[61,157209,35829],{"class":67},[61,157211,824],{"class":75},[61,157213,75172],{"class":67},[61,157215,824],{"class":75},[61,157217,75175],{"class":67},[61,157219,94],{"class":75},[14,157221,157222],{},"Each part has a job:",[26,157224,157225,157230,157235],{},[29,157226,157227,157229],{},[18,157228,35829],{},": where slicing begins",[29,157231,157232,157234],{},[18,157233,75172],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[29,157236,157237,157239],{},[18,157238,75175],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157241,157242],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157244,1109],{},[52,157246,157248],{"className":54,"code":157247,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[18,157249,157250,157282,157286],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157251,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270,157272,157274,157276,157278,157280],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157253,68],{"class":67},[61,157255,72],{"class":71},[61,157257,1048],{"class":75},[61,157259,430],{"class":79},[61,157261,83],{"class":75},[61,157263,435],{"class":79},[61,157265,83],{"class":75},[61,157267,440],{"class":79},[61,157269,83],{"class":75},[61,157271,50601],{"class":79},[61,157273,83],{"class":75},[61,157275,4843],{"class":79},[61,157277,83],{"class":75},[61,157279,75846],{"class":79},[61,157281,116],{"class":75},[61,157283,157284],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157285,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,157287,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,157289,130],{"class":129},[61,157291,109],{"class":75},[61,157293,113],{"class":112},[61,157295,3658],{"class":75},[61,157297,80],{"class":79},[61,157299,824],{"class":75},[61,157301,645],{"class":79},[61,157303,824],{"class":75},[61,157305,1821],{"class":79},[61,157307,1137],{"class":75},[14,157309,157],{},[52,157311,157313],{"className":54,"code":157312,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 40)\n",[18,157314,157315],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157316,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157318,109],{"class":75},[61,157320,15510],{"class":79},[61,157322,83],{"class":75},[61,157324,50601],{"class":79},[61,157326,116],{"class":75},[14,157328,157329,157330,157332,157333,157335,157336,244],{},"This starts at index ",[18,157331,80],{},", stops before index ",[18,157334,645],{},", and moves by ",[18,157337,1821],{},[14,157339,157340,157341,244],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[235,157342,149393],{"href":152670},[47,157344,75762],{"id":75761},[14,157346,157347],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[408,157349,157351,157352,5725],{"id":157350},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[18,157353,75776],{},[52,157355,157357],{"className":54,"code":157356,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[18,157358,157359,157387,157391],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157360,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157362,68],{"class":67},[61,157364,72],{"class":71},[61,157366,1048],{"class":75},[61,157368,430],{"class":79},[61,157370,83],{"class":75},[61,157372,435],{"class":79},[61,157374,83],{"class":75},[61,157376,440],{"class":79},[61,157378,83],{"class":75},[61,157380,50601],{"class":79},[61,157382,83],{"class":75},[61,157384,4843],{"class":79},[61,157386,116],{"class":75},[61,157388,157389],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157390,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,157392,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,157394,130],{"class":129},[61,157396,109],{"class":75},[61,157398,113],{"class":112},[61,157400,75281],{"class":75},[61,157402,1827],{"class":79},[61,157404,1137],{"class":75},[14,157406,157],{},[52,157408,157409],{"className":54,"code":475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,157410,157411],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157412,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157414,109],{"class":75},[61,157416,430],{"class":79},[61,157418,83],{"class":75},[61,157420,435],{"class":79},[61,157422,83],{"class":75},[61,157424,440],{"class":79},[61,157426,116],{"class":75},[408,157428,157430],{"id":157429},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[52,157432,157434],{"className":54,"code":157433,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[18,157435,157436,157464,157468],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157437,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157439,68],{"class":67},[61,157441,72],{"class":71},[61,157443,1048],{"class":75},[61,157445,430],{"class":79},[61,157447,83],{"class":75},[61,157449,435],{"class":79},[61,157451,83],{"class":75},[61,157453,440],{"class":79},[61,157455,83],{"class":75},[61,157457,50601],{"class":79},[61,157459,83],{"class":75},[61,157461,4843],{"class":79},[61,157463,116],{"class":75},[61,157465,157466],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157467,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,157469,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,157471,130],{"class":129},[61,157473,109],{"class":75},[61,157475,113],{"class":112},[61,157477,3658],{"class":75},[61,157479,1821],{"class":79},[61,157481,77462],{"class":75},[14,157483,157],{},[52,157485,157487],{"className":54,"code":157486,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[18,157488,157489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157490,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157492,109],{"class":75},[61,157494,36598],{"class":79},[61,157496,83],{"class":75},[61,157498,50601],{"class":79},[61,157500,83],{"class":75},[61,157502,4843],{"class":79},[61,157504,116],{"class":75},[408,157506,157508],{"id":157507},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[52,157510,157512],{"className":54,"code":157511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,157513,157514,157542,157546],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157515,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157517,68],{"class":67},[61,157519,72],{"class":71},[61,157521,1048],{"class":75},[61,157523,430],{"class":79},[61,157525,83],{"class":75},[61,157527,435],{"class":79},[61,157529,83],{"class":75},[61,157531,440],{"class":79},[61,157533,83],{"class":75},[61,157535,50601],{"class":79},[61,157537,83],{"class":75},[61,157539,4843],{"class":79},[61,157541,116],{"class":75},[61,157543,157544],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157545,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,157547,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,157549,130],{"class":129},[61,157551,109],{"class":75},[61,157553,113],{"class":112},[61,157555,3658],{"class":75},[61,157557,80],{"class":79},[61,157559,824],{"class":75},[61,157561,1129],{"class":79},[61,157563,1137],{"class":75},[14,157565,157],{},[52,157567,157569],{"className":54,"code":157568,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[18,157570,157571],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157572,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157574,109],{"class":75},[61,157576,15510],{"class":79},[61,157578,83],{"class":75},[61,157580,440],{"class":79},[61,157582,83],{"class":75},[61,157584,50601],{"class":79},[61,157586,116],{"class":75},[408,157588,157590],{"id":157589},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[52,157592,157594],{"className":54,"code":157593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[18,157595,157596,157628,157632],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157597,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157599,68],{"class":67},[61,157601,72],{"class":71},[61,157603,1048],{"class":75},[61,157605,430],{"class":79},[61,157607,83],{"class":75},[61,157609,435],{"class":79},[61,157611,83],{"class":75},[61,157613,440],{"class":79},[61,157615,83],{"class":75},[61,157617,50601],{"class":79},[61,157619,83],{"class":75},[61,157621,4843],{"class":79},[61,157623,83],{"class":75},[61,157625,75846],{"class":79},[61,157627,116],{"class":75},[61,157629,157630],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157631,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,157633,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,157635,130],{"class":129},[61,157637,109],{"class":75},[61,157639,113],{"class":112},[61,157641,73868],{"class":75},[61,157643,1821],{"class":79},[61,157645,1137],{"class":75},[14,157647,157],{},[52,157649,157651],{"className":54,"code":157650,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[18,157652,157653],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157654,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157656,109],{"class":75},[61,157658,430],{"class":79},[61,157660,83],{"class":75},[61,157662,440],{"class":79},[61,157664,83],{"class":75},[61,157666,4843],{"class":79},[61,157668,116],{"class":75},[408,157670,157672],{"id":157671},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[52,157674,157676],{"className":54,"code":157675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[18,157677,157678,157706,157710],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157679,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157681,68],{"class":67},[61,157683,72],{"class":71},[61,157685,1048],{"class":75},[61,157687,430],{"class":79},[61,157689,83],{"class":75},[61,157691,435],{"class":79},[61,157693,83],{"class":75},[61,157695,440],{"class":79},[61,157697,83],{"class":75},[61,157699,50601],{"class":79},[61,157701,83],{"class":75},[61,157703,4843],{"class":79},[61,157705,116],{"class":75},[61,157707,157708],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157709,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,157711,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,157713,130],{"class":129},[61,157715,109],{"class":75},[61,157717,113],{"class":112},[61,157719,73868],{"class":75},[61,157721,1786],{"class":71},[61,157723,80],{"class":79},[61,157725,1137],{"class":75},[14,157727,157],{},[52,157729,157731],{"className":54,"code":157730,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157732,157733],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157734,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157736,109],{"class":75},[61,157738,76540],{"class":79},[61,157740,83],{"class":75},[61,157742,50601],{"class":79},[61,157744,83],{"class":75},[61,157746,440],{"class":79},[61,157748,83],{"class":75},[61,157750,435],{"class":79},[61,157752,83],{"class":75},[61,157754,5763],{"class":79},[61,157756,116],{"class":75},[47,157758,76056],{"id":76055},[14,157760,153943],{},[14,157762,157763],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[408,157765,157767],{"id":157766},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[52,157769,157771],{"className":54,"code":157770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[18,157772,157773,157805,157809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157774,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157776,68],{"class":67},[61,157778,72],{"class":71},[61,157780,1048],{"class":75},[61,157782,430],{"class":79},[61,157784,83],{"class":75},[61,157786,435],{"class":79},[61,157788,83],{"class":75},[61,157790,440],{"class":79},[61,157792,83],{"class":75},[61,157794,50601],{"class":79},[61,157796,83],{"class":75},[61,157798,4843],{"class":79},[61,157800,83],{"class":75},[61,157802,75846],{"class":79},[61,157804,116],{"class":75},[61,157806,157807],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157808,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,157810,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,157812,130],{"class":129},[61,157814,109],{"class":75},[61,157816,113],{"class":112},[61,157818,3658],{"class":75},[61,157820,1786],{"class":71},[61,157822,1827],{"class":79},[61,157824,77462],{"class":75},[14,157826,157],{},[52,157828,157830],{"className":54,"code":157829,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[18,157831,157832],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157833,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157835,109],{"class":75},[61,157837,56451],{"class":79},[61,157839,83],{"class":75},[61,157841,4843],{"class":79},[61,157843,83],{"class":75},[61,157845,75846],{"class":79},[61,157847,116],{"class":75},[408,157849,157851],{"id":157850},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[52,157853,157855],{"className":54,"code":157854,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[18,157856,157857,157885,157889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157858,157859,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157860,68],{"class":67},[61,157862,72],{"class":71},[61,157864,1048],{"class":75},[61,157866,430],{"class":79},[61,157868,83],{"class":75},[61,157870,435],{"class":79},[61,157872,83],{"class":75},[61,157874,440],{"class":79},[61,157876,83],{"class":75},[61,157878,50601],{"class":79},[61,157880,83],{"class":75},[61,157882,4843],{"class":79},[61,157884,116],{"class":75},[61,157886,157887],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,157888,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,157890,157891,157893,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,157892,130],{"class":129},[61,157894,109],{"class":75},[61,157896,113],{"class":112},[61,157898,75281],{"class":75},[61,157900,1786],{"class":71},[61,157902,80],{"class":79},[61,157904,1137],{"class":75},[14,157906,157],{},[52,157908,157910],{"className":54,"code":157909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,157911,157912],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157913,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157915,109],{"class":75},[61,157917,430],{"class":79},[61,157919,83],{"class":75},[61,157921,435],{"class":79},[61,157923,83],{"class":75},[61,157925,440],{"class":79},[61,157927,83],{"class":75},[61,157929,50601],{"class":79},[61,157931,116],{"class":75},[14,157933,157934,157935,244],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[235,157936,150639],{"href":156827},[47,157938,157940],{"id":157939},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,157942,1744,157943,157945],{},[18,157944,75175],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[26,157947,157948,157950,157952,157958],{},[29,157949,76312],{},[29,157951,76315],{},[29,157953,157954,157957],{},[18,157955,157956],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[29,157959,157960,157961,157963],{},"A step of ",[18,157962,675],{}," is not allowed",[14,157965,157966],{},"Example with a positive step:",[52,157968,157970],{"className":54,"code":157969,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[18,157971,157972,158004,158008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157973,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157975,68],{"class":67},[61,157977,72],{"class":71},[61,157979,1048],{"class":75},[61,157981,430],{"class":79},[61,157983,83],{"class":75},[61,157985,435],{"class":79},[61,157987,83],{"class":75},[61,157989,440],{"class":79},[61,157991,83],{"class":75},[61,157993,50601],{"class":79},[61,157995,83],{"class":75},[61,157997,4843],{"class":79},[61,157999,83],{"class":75},[61,158001,75846],{"class":79},[61,158003,116],{"class":75},[61,158005,158006],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158007,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158009,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158011,130],{"class":129},[61,158013,109],{"class":75},[61,158015,113],{"class":112},[61,158017,3658],{"class":75},[61,158019,80],{"class":79},[61,158021,824],{"class":75},[61,158023,80340],{"class":79},[61,158025,824],{"class":75},[61,158027,1821],{"class":79},[61,158029,1137],{"class":75},[14,158031,157],{},[52,158033,158035],{"className":54,"code":158034,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[18,158036,158037],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158038,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158040,109],{"class":75},[61,158042,15510],{"class":79},[61,158044,83],{"class":75},[61,158046,50601],{"class":79},[61,158048,83],{"class":75},[61,158050,75846],{"class":79},[61,158052,116],{"class":75},[14,158054,158055],{},"Example with a negative step:",[52,158057,158059],{"className":54,"code":158058,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[18,158060,158061,158089,158093],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158062,158063,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158064,68],{"class":67},[61,158066,72],{"class":71},[61,158068,1048],{"class":75},[61,158070,430],{"class":79},[61,158072,83],{"class":75},[61,158074,435],{"class":79},[61,158076,83],{"class":75},[61,158078,440],{"class":79},[61,158080,83],{"class":75},[61,158082,50601],{"class":79},[61,158084,83],{"class":75},[61,158086,4843],{"class":79},[61,158088,116],{"class":75},[61,158090,158091],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158092,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158094,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158096,130],{"class":129},[61,158098,109],{"class":75},[61,158100,113],{"class":112},[61,158102,3658],{"class":75},[61,158104,1129],{"class":79},[61,158106,824],{"class":75},[61,158108,80],{"class":79},[61,158110,824],{"class":75},[61,158112,1786],{"class":71},[61,158114,80],{"class":79},[61,158116,1137],{"class":75},[14,158118,157],{},[52,158120,158122],{"className":54,"code":158121,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[18,158123,158124],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158125,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158127,109],{"class":75},[61,158129,76540],{"class":79},[61,158131,83],{"class":75},[61,158133,50601],{"class":79},[61,158135,83],{"class":75},[61,158137,440],{"class":79},[61,158139,116],{"class":75},[14,158141,158142],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[52,158144,158146],{"className":54,"code":158145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,158147,158148,158168,158172],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158149,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158151,68],{"class":67},[61,158153,72],{"class":71},[61,158155,1048],{"class":75},[61,158157,430],{"class":79},[61,158159,83],{"class":75},[61,158161,435],{"class":79},[61,158163,83],{"class":75},[61,158165,440],{"class":79},[61,158167,116],{"class":75},[61,158169,158170],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158171,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158173,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158175,130],{"class":129},[61,158177,109],{"class":75},[61,158179,113],{"class":112},[61,158181,73868],{"class":75},[61,158183,675],{"class":79},[61,158185,1137],{"class":75},[14,158187,158188],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[47,158190,158192],{"id":158191},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158194,158195,158196,33497],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[603,158197,195],{},[408,158199,158201],{"id":158200},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[52,158203,158205],{"className":54,"code":158204,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158206,158207,158231,158235,158253,158257,158267],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158208,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158210,68],{"class":67},[61,158212,72],{"class":71},[61,158214,1048],{"class":75},[61,158216,430],{"class":79},[61,158218,83],{"class":75},[61,158220,435],{"class":79},[61,158222,83],{"class":75},[61,158224,440],{"class":79},[61,158226,83],{"class":75},[61,158228,50601],{"class":79},[61,158230,116],{"class":75},[61,158232,158233],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158234,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158236,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158238,100],{"class":67},[61,158240,72],{"class":71},[61,158242,4023],{"class":67},[61,158244,3658],{"class":75},[61,158246,80],{"class":79},[61,158248,824],{"class":75},[61,158250,1827],{"class":79},[61,158252,94],{"class":75},[61,158254,158255],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,158256,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158258,158259,158261,158263,158265],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,158260,130],{"class":129},[61,158262,109],{"class":75},[61,158264,135],{"class":112},[61,158266,116],{"class":75},[61,158268,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,158270,130],{"class":129},[61,158272,109],{"class":75},[61,158274,147],{"class":105},[61,158276,109],{"class":75},[61,158278,135],{"class":112},[61,158280,154],{"class":75},[14,158282,157],{},[52,158284,158286],{"className":54,"code":158285,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158287,158288,158300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158289,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158291,109],{"class":75},[61,158293,15510],{"class":79},[61,158295,83],{"class":75},[61,158297,440],{"class":79},[61,158299,116],{"class":75},[61,158301,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158303,183],{"class":71},[61,158305,187],{"class":186},[61,158307,191],{"class":190},[61,158309,195],{"class":194},[61,158311,198],{"class":190},[61,158313,201],{"class":71},[408,158315,158317],{"id":158316},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[52,158319,158321],{"className":54,"code":158320,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158322,158323,158343,158347,158365,158369,158379],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158324,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158326,68],{"class":67},[61,158328,72],{"class":71},[61,158330,1048],{"class":75},[61,158332,430],{"class":79},[61,158334,83],{"class":75},[61,158336,435],{"class":79},[61,158338,83],{"class":75},[61,158340,440],{"class":79},[61,158342,116],{"class":75},[61,158344,158345],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158346,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158348,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158350,100],{"class":67},[61,158352,72],{"class":71},[61,158354,4023],{"class":67},[61,158356,3658],{"class":75},[61,158358,80],{"class":79},[61,158360,824],{"class":75},[61,158362,1821],{"class":79},[61,158364,94],{"class":75},[61,158366,158367],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,158368,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158370,158371,158373,158375,158377],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,158372,130],{"class":129},[61,158374,109],{"class":75},[61,158376,135],{"class":112},[61,158378,116],{"class":75},[61,158380,158381,158383,158385,158387,158389,158391],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,158382,130],{"class":129},[61,158384,109],{"class":75},[61,158386,147],{"class":105},[61,158388,109],{"class":75},[61,158390,135],{"class":112},[61,158392,154],{"class":75},[14,158394,157],{},[52,158396,158398],{"className":54,"code":158397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158399,158400,158408],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158401,158402,158404,158406],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158403,109],{"class":75},[61,158405,15510],{"class":79},[61,158407,1407],{"class":75},[61,158409,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158411,183],{"class":71},[61,158413,187],{"class":186},[61,158415,191],{"class":190},[61,158417,195],{"class":194},[61,158419,198],{"class":190},[61,158421,201],{"class":71},[408,158423,158425],{"id":158424},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[52,158427,158429],{"className":54,"code":158428,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[18,158430,158431,158451,158455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158432,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158434,68],{"class":67},[61,158436,72],{"class":71},[61,158438,1048],{"class":75},[61,158440,430],{"class":79},[61,158442,83],{"class":75},[61,158444,435],{"class":79},[61,158446,83],{"class":75},[61,158448,440],{"class":79},[61,158450,116],{"class":75},[61,158452,158453],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158454,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158456,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158458,130],{"class":129},[61,158460,109],{"class":75},[61,158462,113],{"class":112},[61,158464,3658],{"class":75},[61,158466,645],{"class":79},[61,158468,824],{"class":75},[61,158470,2106],{"class":79},[61,158472,1137],{"class":75},[14,158474,157],{},[52,158476,158477],{"className":54,"code":263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,158478,158479],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158480,158481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158482,263],{"class":75},[14,158484,158485,158486,244],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[235,158487,155663],{"href":150695},[47,158489,158491],{"id":158490},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158493,158494],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[26,158496,158497,158499,158502,158507],{},[29,158498,76621],{},[29,158500,158501],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[29,158503,158504,158505],{},"Indexing can raise ",[18,158506,70477],{},[29,158508,158509],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158511,1109],{},[52,158513,158515],{"className":54,"code":158514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[18,158516,158517,158537,158541,158558,158579],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158518,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158520,68],{"class":67},[61,158522,72],{"class":71},[61,158524,1048],{"class":75},[61,158526,430],{"class":79},[61,158528,83],{"class":75},[61,158530,435],{"class":79},[61,158532,83],{"class":75},[61,158534,440],{"class":79},[61,158536,116],{"class":75},[61,158538,158539],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158540,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158542,158543,158545,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158544,130],{"class":129},[61,158546,109],{"class":75},[61,158548,113],{"class":112},[61,158550,3658],{"class":75},[61,158552,80],{"class":79},[61,158554,20202],{"class":75},[61,158556,158557],{"class":3420},"    # one item\n",[61,158559,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,158561,130],{"class":129},[61,158563,109],{"class":75},[61,158565,113],{"class":112},[61,158567,3658],{"class":75},[61,158569,80],{"class":79},[61,158571,824],{"class":75},[61,158573,645],{"class":79},[61,158575,20202],{"class":75},[61,158577,158578],{"class":3420},"  # slice\n",[61,158580,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,158582,130],{"class":129},[61,158584,109],{"class":75},[61,158586,113],{"class":112},[61,158588,3658],{"class":75},[61,158590,645],{"class":79},[61,158592,824],{"class":75},[61,158594,2106],{"class":79},[61,158596,20202],{"class":75},[61,158598,158599],{"class":3420},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158601,157],{},[52,158603,158605],{"className":54,"code":158604,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[18,158606,158607,158611,158623],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158608,158609],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158610,70970],{"class":79},[61,158612,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158614,109],{"class":75},[61,158616,15510],{"class":79},[61,158618,83],{"class":75},[61,158620,440],{"class":79},[61,158622,116],{"class":75},[61,158624,158625],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158626,263],{"class":75},[14,158628,158629],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[52,158631,158633],{"className":54,"code":158632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,158634,158635,158655,158659],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158636,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158638,68],{"class":67},[61,158640,72],{"class":71},[61,158642,1048],{"class":75},[61,158644,430],{"class":79},[61,158646,83],{"class":75},[61,158648,435],{"class":79},[61,158650,83],{"class":75},[61,158652,440],{"class":79},[61,158654,116],{"class":75},[61,158656,158657],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158658,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158660,158661,158663,158665,158667,158669,158671],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158662,130],{"class":129},[61,158664,109],{"class":75},[61,158666,113],{"class":112},[61,158668,3658],{"class":75},[61,158670,645],{"class":79},[61,158672,1137],{"class":75},[14,158674,158675,158676,158678,158679,244],{},"This raises an ",[18,158677,70477],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[235,158680,154416],{"href":158681},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[47,158683,14932],{"id":76888},[14,158685,158686],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[26,158688,158689,158692,158694,158697],{},[29,158690,158691],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[29,158693,60446],{},[29,158695,158696],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[29,158698,158699,158700],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[18,158701,675],{},[14,158703,158704],{},"Here are a few examples.",[408,158706,158708],{"id":158707},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[52,158710,158711],{"className":54,"code":157511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,158712,158713,158741,158745],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158714,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158716,68],{"class":67},[61,158718,72],{"class":71},[61,158720,1048],{"class":75},[61,158722,430],{"class":79},[61,158724,83],{"class":75},[61,158726,435],{"class":79},[61,158728,83],{"class":75},[61,158730,440],{"class":79},[61,158732,83],{"class":75},[61,158734,50601],{"class":79},[61,158736,83],{"class":75},[61,158738,4843],{"class":79},[61,158740,116],{"class":75},[61,158742,158743],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158744,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158746,158747,158749,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158748,130],{"class":129},[61,158750,109],{"class":75},[61,158752,113],{"class":112},[61,158754,3658],{"class":75},[61,158756,80],{"class":79},[61,158758,824],{"class":75},[61,158760,1129],{"class":79},[61,158762,1137],{"class":75},[14,158764,157],{},[52,158766,158767],{"className":54,"code":157568,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,158768,158769],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158770,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158772,109],{"class":75},[61,158774,15510],{"class":79},[61,158776,83],{"class":75},[61,158778,440],{"class":79},[61,158780,83],{"class":75},[61,158782,50601],{"class":79},[61,158784,116],{"class":75},[14,158786,132152,158787,158789],{},[18,158788,1129],{}," is not included.",[408,158791,158793],{"id":158792},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,158795,4287],{},[52,158797,158799],{"className":54,"code":158798,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[18,158800,158801,158825,158829],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158802,158803,158805,158807,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158804,68],{"class":67},[61,158806,72],{"class":71},[61,158808,1048],{"class":75},[61,158810,430],{"class":79},[61,158812,83],{"class":75},[61,158814,435],{"class":79},[61,158816,83],{"class":75},[61,158818,440],{"class":79},[61,158820,83],{"class":75},[61,158822,50601],{"class":79},[61,158824,116],{"class":75},[61,158826,158827],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158828,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158830,158831],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158832,158833],{"class":3420},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,158835,158836],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[52,158838,158839],{"className":54,"code":154496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,158840,158841,158865,158869],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158842,158843,158845,158847,158849,158851,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158844,68],{"class":67},[61,158846,72],{"class":71},[61,158848,1048],{"class":75},[61,158850,430],{"class":79},[61,158852,83],{"class":75},[61,158854,435],{"class":79},[61,158856,83],{"class":75},[61,158858,440],{"class":79},[61,158860,83],{"class":75},[61,158862,50601],{"class":79},[61,158864,116],{"class":75},[61,158866,158867],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158868,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158870,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158872,130],{"class":129},[61,158874,109],{"class":75},[61,158876,113],{"class":112},[61,158878,3658],{"class":75},[61,158880,80],{"class":79},[61,158882,824],{"class":75},[61,158884,1827],{"class":79},[61,158886,1137],{"class":75},[408,158888,158890],{"id":158889},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[52,158892,158894],{"className":54,"code":158893,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,158895,158896,158920,158924,158939,158943,158954],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158897,158898,158900,158902,158904,158906,158908,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158899,68],{"class":67},[61,158901,72],{"class":71},[61,158903,1048],{"class":75},[61,158905,430],{"class":79},[61,158907,83],{"class":75},[61,158909,435],{"class":79},[61,158911,83],{"class":75},[61,158913,440],{"class":79},[61,158915,83],{"class":75},[61,158917,50601],{"class":79},[61,158919,116],{"class":75},[61,158921,158922],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158923,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158925,158926,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,158927,158928],{"class":67},"slice_result ",[61,158930,72],{"class":71},[61,158932,4023],{"class":67},[61,158934,75281],{"class":75},[61,158936,1821],{"class":79},[61,158938,94],{"class":75},[61,158940,158941],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,158942,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,158944,158945,158947,158949,158952],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,158946,130],{"class":129},[61,158948,109],{"class":75},[61,158950,158951],{"class":112},"slice_result",[61,158953,116],{"class":75},[61,158955,158956,158958,158960,158962],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,158957,130],{"class":129},[61,158959,109],{"class":75},[61,158961,113],{"class":112},[61,158963,116],{"class":75},[14,158965,157],{},[52,158967,158969],{"className":54,"code":158968,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158970,158971,158983],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158972,158973,158975,158977,158979,158981],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158974,109],{"class":75},[61,158976,430],{"class":79},[61,158978,83],{"class":75},[61,158980,435],{"class":79},[61,158982,116],{"class":75},[61,158984,158985,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,158986,109],{"class":75},[61,158988,430],{"class":79},[61,158990,83],{"class":75},[61,158992,435],{"class":79},[61,158994,83],{"class":75},[61,158996,440],{"class":79},[61,158998,83],{"class":75},[61,159000,50601],{"class":79},[61,159002,116],{"class":75},[14,159004,159005],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[47,159007,113471],{"id":113470},[14,159009,159010],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[26,159012,159013,159016,159019,159025,159028],{},[29,159014,159015],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[29,159017,159018],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[29,159020,159021,159022],{},"Using a zero step like ",[18,159023,159024],{},"tuple[::0]",[29,159026,159027],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[29,159029,159030],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159032,159033],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[52,159035,159037],{"className":54,"code":159036,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,159038,159039,159049,159067,159089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159040,159041,159043,159045,159047],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159042,130],{"class":129},[61,159044,109],{"class":75},[61,159046,147744],{"class":112},[61,159048,116],{"class":75},[61,159050,159051,159053,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159052,130],{"class":129},[61,159054,109],{"class":75},[61,159056,147744],{"class":112},[61,159058,3658],{"class":75},[61,159060,80],{"class":79},[61,159062,824],{"class":75},[61,159064,1129],{"class":79},[61,159066,1137],{"class":75},[61,159068,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,159070,130],{"class":129},[61,159072,109],{"class":75},[61,159074,147],{"class":105},[61,159076,109],{"class":75},[61,159078,147744],{"class":112},[61,159080,3658],{"class":75},[61,159082,80],{"class":79},[61,159084,824],{"class":75},[61,159086,1129],{"class":79},[61,159088,2758],{"class":75},[61,159090,159091,159093,159095,159097,159099,159101],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,159092,130],{"class":129},[61,159094,109],{"class":75},[61,159096,10914],{"class":129},[61,159098,109],{"class":75},[61,159100,147744],{"class":112},[61,159102,154],{"class":75},[14,159104,10923],{},[26,159106,159107,159109,159112,159115],{},[29,159108,154803],{},[29,159110,159111],{},"what the slice actually returns",[29,159113,159114],{},"that the result is a tuple",[29,159116,159117],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[47,159119,1620],{"id":1619},[408,159121,159123],{"id":159122},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159125,159126],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[408,159128,159130],{"id":159129},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159132,159133],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[408,159135,4905,159137,39717],{"id":159136},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[18,159138,157956],{},[14,159140,159141],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[408,159143,159145,159146,2251],{"id":159144},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[18,159147,70477],{},[14,159149,159150,159151,244],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[18,159152,70477],{},[47,159154,1664],{"id":1663},[26,159156,159157,159161,159165,159169,159173],{},[29,159158,159159],{},[235,159160,155663],{"href":150695},[29,159162,159163],{},[235,159164,149393],{"href":152670},[29,159166,159167],{},[235,159168,150639],{"href":156827},[29,159170,159171],{},[235,159172,243],{"href":157189},[29,159174,159175],{},[235,159176,154416],{"href":158681},[1693,159178,159179],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":159181},[159182,159183,159184,159185,159193,159197,159198,159203,159204,159209,159210,159218],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":156989,"depth":97,"text":156990},{"id":157192,"depth":97,"text":157193},{"id":75761,"depth":97,"text":75762,"children":159186},[159187,159189,159190,159191,159192],{"id":157350,"depth":119,"text":159188},"Get the first n items",{"id":157429,"depth":119,"text":157430},{"id":157507,"depth":119,"text":157508},{"id":157589,"depth":119,"text":157590},{"id":157671,"depth":119,"text":157672},{"id":76055,"depth":97,"text":76056,"children":159194},[159195,159196],{"id":157766,"depth":119,"text":157767},{"id":157850,"depth":119,"text":157851},{"id":157939,"depth":97,"text":157940},{"id":158191,"depth":97,"text":158192,"children":159199},[159200,159201,159202],{"id":158200,"depth":119,"text":158201},{"id":158316,"depth":119,"text":158317},{"id":158424,"depth":119,"text":158425},{"id":158490,"depth":97,"text":158491},{"id":76888,"depth":97,"text":14932,"children":159205},[159206,159207,159208],{"id":158707,"depth":119,"text":158708},{"id":158792,"depth":119,"text":158793},{"id":158889,"depth":119,"text":158890},{"id":113470,"depth":97,"text":113471},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":159211},[159212,159213,159214,159216],{"id":159122,"depth":119,"text":159123},{"id":159129,"depth":119,"text":159130},{"id":159136,"depth":119,"text":159215},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159144,"depth":119,"text":159217},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156833,"description":159219},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159226,"title":159227,"body":159228,"description":161051,"extension":1727,"meta":161052,"navigation":122,"path":34563,"seo":161053,"stem":161054,"__hash__":161055},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159229,"toc":161017},[159230,159235,159240,159244,159262,159265,159280,159286,159288,159345,159347,159379,159391,159397,159402,159405,159440,159446,159448,159451,159465,159468,159470,159493,159495,159513,159516,159532,159534,159537,159650,159652,159741,159744,159749,159755,159758,159761,159860,159862,159921,159926,159929,159998,160002,160034,160050,160055,160062,160069,160081,160083,160132,160134,160157,160163,160211,160216,160223,160231,160237,160240,160264,160267,160269,160345,160347,160372,160378,160381,160386,160390,160404,160406,160469,160471,160503,160506,160522,160524,160530,160537,160539,160558,160560,160578,160585,160590,160597,160599,160636,160639,160646,160650,160653,160711,160714,160717,160772,160774,160786,160792,160794,160798,160831,160838,160840,160903,160906,160908,160913,160927,160934,160942,160951,160960,160966,160972,160974,161014],[10,159231,3332,159233,3336],{"id":159232},"python-type-function-explained",[18,159234,2063],{},[14,159236,32073,159237,159239],{},[18,159238,2063],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159241,62520,159242,104316],{},[18,159243,2063],{},[26,159245,159246,159249,159252,159255],{},[29,159247,159248],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[29,159250,159251],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[29,159253,159254],{},"debug confusing code",[29,159256,159257,159258],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[235,159259,159260],{"href":7976},[18,159261,2718],{},[14,159263,159264],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[52,159266,159268],{"className":54,"code":159267,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"type(object)\n",[18,159269,159270],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159271,159272,159274,159276,159278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159273,147],{"class":105},[61,159275,109],{"class":75},[61,159277,42156],{"class":105},[61,159279,116],{"class":75},[14,159281,159282,159283,159285],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[18,159284,2063],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[47,159287,3366],{"id":3365},[52,159289,159291],{"className":54,"code":159290,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,159292,159293,159305,159319,159323,159331],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159294,159295,159297,159299,159301,159303],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159296,7634],{"class":67},[61,159298,72],{"class":71},[61,159300,522],{"class":190},[61,159302,4766],{"class":194},[61,159304,528],{"class":190},[61,159306,159307,159309,159311,159313,159315,159317],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159308,130],{"class":129},[61,159310,109],{"class":75},[61,159312,147],{"class":105},[61,159314,109],{"class":75},[61,159316,819],{"class":112},[61,159318,154],{"class":75},[61,159320,159321],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,159322,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,159324,159325,159327,159329],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,159326,1979],{"class":67},[61,159328,72],{"class":71},[61,159330,2346],{"class":79},[61,159332,159333,159335,159337,159339,159341,159343],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,159334,130],{"class":129},[61,159336,109],{"class":75},[61,159338,147],{"class":105},[61,159340,109],{"class":75},[61,159342,2001],{"class":112},[61,159344,154],{"class":75},[14,159346,157],{},[52,159348,159349],{"className":54,"code":124813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,159350,159351,159365],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159352,159353,159355,159357,159359,159361,159363],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159354,183],{"class":71},[61,159356,187],{"class":186},[61,159358,191],{"class":190},[61,159360,3199],{"class":194},[61,159362,198],{"class":190},[61,159364,201],{"class":71},[61,159366,159367,159369,159371,159373,159375,159377],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159368,183],{"class":71},[61,159370,187],{"class":186},[61,159372,191],{"class":190},[61,159374,1279],{"class":194},[61,159376,198],{"class":190},[61,159378,201],{"class":71},[14,159380,204,159381,159384,159385,4154,159388,244],{},[18,159382,159383],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[18,159386,159387],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[18,159389,159390],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[47,159392,12751,159394,159396],{"id":159393},"what-the-type-function-does",[18,159395,2063],{}," function does",[14,159398,159399,159401],{},[18,159400,2063],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159403,159404],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[26,159406,159407,159412,159417,159422,159427,159432],{},[29,159408,159409,159411],{},[18,159410,3199],{}," for text",[29,159413,159414,159416],{},[18,159415,1279],{}," for whole numbers",[29,159418,159419,159421],{},[18,159420,1954],{}," for decimal numbers",[29,159423,159424,159426],{},[18,159425,7852],{}," for lists",[29,159428,159429,159431],{},[18,159430,8580],{}," for dictionaries",[29,159433,159434,68841,159436,4154,159438],{},[18,159435,3625],{},[18,159437,3361],{},[18,159439,3431],{},[14,159441,159442,159443,159445],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[18,159444,2063],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[47,159447,248],{"id":247},[14,159449,159450],{},"The main beginner form is:",[52,159452,159453],{"className":54,"code":159267,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,159454,159455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159456,159457,159459,159461,159463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159458,147],{"class":105},[61,159460,109],{"class":75},[61,159462,42156],{"class":105},[61,159464,116],{"class":75},[14,159466,159467],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159469,1109],{},[52,159471,159473],{"className":54,"code":159472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[18,159474,159475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159476,159477,159479,159481,159483,159485,159487,159489,159491],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159478,130],{"class":129},[61,159480,109],{"class":75},[61,159482,147],{"class":105},[61,159484,109],{"class":75},[61,159486,816],{"class":190},[61,159488,1323],{"class":194},[61,159490,816],{"class":190},[61,159492,154],{"class":75},[14,159494,157],{},[52,159496,159497],{"className":54,"code":45528,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,159498,159499],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159500,159501,159503,159505,159507,159509,159511],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159502,183],{"class":71},[61,159504,187],{"class":186},[61,159506,191],{"class":190},[61,159508,3199],{"class":194},[61,159510,198],{"class":190},[61,159512,201],{"class":71},[14,159514,159515],{},"You can pass either:",[26,159517,159518,159525],{},[29,159519,159520,159521,2638,159523],{},"a literal value such as ",[18,159522,64280],{},[18,159524,46284],{},[29,159526,159527,159528,2638,159530],{},"a variable such as ",[18,159529,819],{},[18,159531,838],{},[47,159533,121627],{"id":121626},[14,159535,159536],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[52,159538,159540],{"className":54,"code":159539,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[18,159541,159542,159560,159574,159588,159610,159636],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159543,159544,159546,159548,159550,159552,159554,159556,159558],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159545,130],{"class":129},[61,159547,109],{"class":75},[61,159549,147],{"class":105},[61,159551,109],{"class":75},[61,159553,816],{"class":190},[61,159555,1323],{"class":194},[61,159557,816],{"class":190},[61,159559,154],{"class":75},[61,159561,159562,159564,159566,159568,159570,159572],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159563,130],{"class":129},[61,159565,109],{"class":75},[61,159567,147],{"class":105},[61,159569,109],{"class":75},[61,159571,430],{"class":79},[61,159573,154],{"class":75},[61,159575,159576,159578,159580,159582,159584,159586],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,159577,130],{"class":129},[61,159579,109],{"class":75},[61,159581,147],{"class":105},[61,159583,109],{"class":75},[61,159585,39900],{"class":79},[61,159587,154],{"class":75},[61,159589,159590,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606,159608],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,159591,130],{"class":129},[61,159593,109],{"class":75},[61,159595,147],{"class":105},[61,159597,1126],{"class":75},[61,159599,80],{"class":79},[61,159601,83],{"class":75},[61,159603,86],{"class":79},[61,159605,83],{"class":75},[61,159607,91],{"class":79},[61,159609,2758],{"class":75},[61,159611,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620,159622,159624,159626,159628,159630,159632,159634],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,159613,130],{"class":129},[61,159615,109],{"class":75},[61,159617,147],{"class":105},[61,159619,5288],{"class":75},[61,159621,816],{"class":190},[61,159623,819],{"class":194},[61,159625,816],{"class":190},[61,159627,824],{"class":75},[61,159629,522],{"class":190},[61,159631,4766],{"class":194},[61,159633,816],{"class":190},[61,159635,5297],{"class":75},[61,159637,159638,159640,159642,159644,159646,159648],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,159639,130],{"class":129},[61,159641,109],{"class":75},[61,159643,147],{"class":105},[61,159645,109],{"class":75},[61,159647,3361],{"class":3609},[61,159649,154],{"class":75},[14,159651,157],{},[52,159653,159655],{"className":54,"code":159654,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[18,159656,159657,159671,159685,159699,159713,159727],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159658,159659,159661,159663,159665,159667,159669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159660,183],{"class":71},[61,159662,187],{"class":186},[61,159664,191],{"class":190},[61,159666,3199],{"class":194},[61,159668,198],{"class":190},[61,159670,201],{"class":71},[61,159672,159673,159675,159677,159679,159681,159683],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159674,183],{"class":71},[61,159676,187],{"class":186},[61,159678,191],{"class":190},[61,159680,1279],{"class":194},[61,159682,198],{"class":190},[61,159684,201],{"class":71},[61,159686,159687,159689,159691,159693,159695,159697],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,159688,183],{"class":71},[61,159690,187],{"class":186},[61,159692,191],{"class":190},[61,159694,1954],{"class":194},[61,159696,198],{"class":190},[61,159698,201],{"class":71},[61,159700,159701,159703,159705,159707,159709,159711],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,159702,183],{"class":71},[61,159704,187],{"class":186},[61,159706,191],{"class":190},[61,159708,7852],{"class":194},[61,159710,198],{"class":190},[61,159712,201],{"class":71},[61,159714,159715,159717,159719,159721,159723,159725],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,159716,183],{"class":71},[61,159718,187],{"class":186},[61,159720,191],{"class":190},[61,159722,8580],{"class":194},[61,159724,198],{"class":190},[61,159726,201],{"class":71},[61,159728,159729,159731,159733,159735,159737,159739],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,159730,183],{"class":71},[61,159732,187],{"class":186},[61,159734,191],{"class":190},[61,159736,3625],{"class":194},[61,159738,198],{"class":190},[61,159740,201],{"class":71},[14,159742,159743],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,159745,159746,159747,244],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[235,159748,44555],{"href":48735},[47,159750,8175,159752,159754],{"id":159751},"using-type-with-variables",[18,159753,2063],{}," with variables",[14,159756,159757],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,159759,159760],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[52,159762,159764],{"className":54,"code":159763,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[18,159765,159766,159774,159792,159796,159808,159826,159830,159842],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159767,159768,159770,159772],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159769,1580],{"class":67},[61,159771,72],{"class":71},[61,159773,2346],{"class":79},[61,159775,159776,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159777,130],{"class":129},[61,159779,109],{"class":75},[61,159781,1605],{"class":112},[61,159783,83],{"class":75},[61,159785,49147],{"class":105},[61,159787,109],{"class":75},[61,159789,1605],{"class":112},[61,159791,154],{"class":75},[61,159793,159794],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,159795,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,159797,159798,159800,159802,159804,159806],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,159799,1580],{"class":67},[61,159801,72],{"class":71},[61,159803,522],{"class":190},[61,159805,45665],{"class":194},[61,159807,528],{"class":190},[61,159809,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,159811,130],{"class":129},[61,159813,109],{"class":75},[61,159815,1605],{"class":112},[61,159817,83],{"class":75},[61,159819,49147],{"class":105},[61,159821,109],{"class":75},[61,159823,1605],{"class":112},[61,159825,154],{"class":75},[61,159827,159828],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,159829,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,159831,159832,159834,159836,159838,159840],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,159833,1580],{"class":67},[61,159835,72],{"class":71},[61,159837,76],{"class":75},[61,159839,430],{"class":79},[61,159841,94],{"class":75},[61,159843,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854,159856,159858],{"class":63,"line":6185},[61,159845,130],{"class":129},[61,159847,109],{"class":75},[61,159849,1605],{"class":112},[61,159851,83],{"class":75},[61,159853,49147],{"class":105},[61,159855,109],{"class":75},[61,159857,1605],{"class":112},[61,159859,154],{"class":75},[14,159861,157],{},[52,159863,159865],{"className":54,"code":159864,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,159866,159867,159884,159901],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159868,159869,159871,159874,159876,159878,159880,159882],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159870,430],{"class":79},[61,159872,159873],{"class":71}," \u003C",[61,159875,187],{"class":186},[61,159877,191],{"class":190},[61,159879,1279],{"class":194},[61,159881,198],{"class":190},[61,159883,201],{"class":71},[61,159885,159886,159889,159891,159893,159895,159897,159899],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159887,159888],{"class":67},"ten ",[61,159890,183],{"class":71},[61,159892,187],{"class":186},[61,159894,191],{"class":190},[61,159896,3199],{"class":194},[61,159898,198],{"class":190},[61,159900,201],{"class":71},[61,159902,159903,159905,159907,159909,159911,159913,159915,159917,159919],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,159904,3658],{"class":75},[61,159906,430],{"class":79},[61,159908,13028],{"class":75},[61,159910,159873],{"class":71},[61,159912,187],{"class":186},[61,159914,191],{"class":190},[61,159916,7852],{"class":194},[61,159918,198],{"class":190},[61,159920,201],{"class":71},[14,159922,159923,159925],{},[18,159924,2063],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,159927,159928],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[52,159930,159932],{"className":54,"code":159931,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,159933,159934,159952,159966,159970,159984],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159935,159936,159938,159940,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159937,3146],{"class":67},[61,159939,72],{"class":71},[61,159941,7999],{"class":129},[61,159943,109],{"class":75},[61,159945,816],{"class":190},[61,159947,41628],{"class":194},[61,159949,816],{"class":190},[61,159951,116],{"class":75},[61,159953,159954,159956,159958,159960,159962,159964],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,159955,130],{"class":129},[61,159957,109],{"class":75},[61,159959,147],{"class":105},[61,159961,109],{"class":75},[61,159963,3173],{"class":112},[61,159965,154],{"class":75},[61,159967,159968],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,159969,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,159971,159972,159974,159976,159978,159980,159982],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,159973,122739],{"class":67},[61,159975,72],{"class":71},[61,159977,45034],{"class":105},[61,159979,109],{"class":75},[61,159981,3173],{"class":112},[61,159983,116],{"class":75},[61,159985,159986,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,159987,130],{"class":129},[61,159989,109],{"class":75},[61,159991,147],{"class":105},[61,159993,109],{"class":75},[61,159995,122762],{"class":112},[61,159997,154],{"class":75},[14,159999,40877,160000,40881],{},[18,160001,8951],{},[52,160003,160004],{"className":54,"code":124813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,160005,160006,160020],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160007,160008,160010,160012,160014,160016,160018],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160009,183],{"class":71},[61,160011,187],{"class":186},[61,160013,191],{"class":190},[61,160015,3199],{"class":194},[61,160017,198],{"class":190},[61,160019,201],{"class":71},[61,160021,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160023,183],{"class":71},[61,160025,187],{"class":186},[61,160027,191],{"class":190},[61,160029,1279],{"class":194},[61,160031,198],{"class":190},[61,160033,201],{"class":71},[14,160035,45461,160036,160040,160041,2638,160045,160049],{},[235,160037,160038],{"href":7976},[18,160039,2718],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[235,160042,160043],{"href":2634},[18,160044,2637],{},[235,160046,160047],{"href":2641},[18,160048,2644],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160051,160052,160053,244],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[235,160054,8740],{"href":8739},[47,160056,160058,10337,160060],{"id":160057},"type-vs-isinstance",[18,160059,2063],{},[18,160061,44563],{},[14,160063,160064,4154,160066,160068],{},[18,160065,2063],{},[18,160067,44563],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[26,160070,160071,160076],{},[29,160072,160073,160075],{},[18,160074,2063],{}," tells you the exact type",[29,160077,160078,160080],{},[18,160079,44563],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160082,1109],{},[52,160084,160086],{"className":54,"code":160085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160087,160088,160096,160100,160114],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160089,160090,160092,160094],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160091,1580],{"class":67},[61,160093,72],{"class":71},[61,160095,34597],{"class":79},[61,160097,160098],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160099,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,160101,160102,160104,160106,160108,160110,160112],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,160103,130],{"class":129},[61,160105,109],{"class":75},[61,160107,147],{"class":105},[61,160109,109],{"class":75},[61,160111,1605],{"class":112},[61,160113,154],{"class":75},[61,160115,160116,160118,160120,160122,160124,160126,160128,160130],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,160117,130],{"class":129},[61,160119,109],{"class":75},[61,160121,48634],{"class":129},[61,160123,109],{"class":75},[61,160125,1605],{"class":112},[61,160127,83],{"class":75},[61,160129,45034],{"class":105},[61,160131,154],{"class":75},[14,160133,157],{},[52,160135,160137],{"className":54,"code":160136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[18,160138,160139,160153],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160140,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149,160151],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160142,183],{"class":71},[61,160144,187],{"class":186},[61,160146,191],{"class":190},[61,160148,1279],{"class":194},[61,160150,198],{"class":190},[61,160152,201],{"class":71},[61,160154,160155],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160156,3738],{"class":3609},[14,160158,160159,160160,160162],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[18,160161,44563],{}," is more practical.",[52,160164,160166],{"className":54,"code":160165,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[18,160167,160168,160176,160180,160196],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160169,160170,160172,160174],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160171,1580],{"class":67},[61,160173,72],{"class":71},[61,160175,34597],{"class":79},[61,160177,160178],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160179,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,160181,160182,160184,160186,160188,160190,160192,160194],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,160183,6758],{"class":3634},[61,160185,49370],{"class":129},[61,160187,109],{"class":75},[61,160189,1605],{"class":112},[61,160191,83],{"class":75},[61,160193,45034],{"class":105},[61,160195,8099],{"class":75},[61,160197,160198,160200,160202,160204,160207,160209],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,160199,7827],{"class":129},[61,160201,109],{"class":75},[61,160203,816],{"class":190},[61,160205,160206],{"class":194},"This is an integer",[61,160208,816],{"class":190},[61,160210,116],{"class":75},[14,160212,204,160213,160215],{},[18,160214,2063],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160217,204,160218,160220,160221,6933],{},[18,160219,44563],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[18,160222,6758],{},[14,160224,160225,160226,244],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[235,160227,3332,160229,3265],{"href":160228},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[18,160230,44563],{},[47,160232,160234,160235],{"id":160233},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[18,160236,2063],{},[14,160238,160239],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[52,160241,160243],{"className":54,"code":160242,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[18,160244,160245],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160246,160247,160249,160251,160253,160255,160258,160260,160262],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160248,147],{"class":105},[61,160250,109],{"class":75},[61,160252,819],{"class":112},[61,160254,83],{"class":75},[61,160256,160257],{"class":112}," bases",[61,160259,83],{"class":75},[61,160261,8928],{"class":105},[61,160263,116],{"class":75},[14,160265,160266],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160268,1109],{},[52,160270,160272],{"className":54,"code":160271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[18,160273,160274,160317,160321,160331],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160275,160276,160279,160281,160283,160285,160287,160290,160292,160294,160297,160299,160301,160304,160306,160308,160310,160313,160315],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160277,160278],{"class":67},"Person ",[61,160280,72],{"class":71},[61,160282,49147],{"class":105},[61,160284,109],{"class":75},[61,160286,816],{"class":190},[61,160288,160289],{"class":194},"Person",[61,160291,816],{"class":190},[61,160293,83],{"class":75},[61,160295,160296],{"class":75}," (),",[61,160298,717],{"class":75},[61,160300,816],{"class":190},[61,160302,160303],{"class":194},"species",[61,160305,816],{"class":190},[61,160307,824],{"class":75},[61,160309,522],{"class":190},[61,160311,160312],{"class":194},"human",[61,160314,816],{"class":190},[61,160316,30251],{"class":75},[61,160318,160319],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160320,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,160322,160323,160325,160327,160329],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,160324,130],{"class":129},[61,160326,109],{"class":75},[61,160328,160289],{"class":112},[61,160330,116],{"class":75},[61,160332,160333,160335,160337,160339,160341,160343],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,160334,130],{"class":129},[61,160336,109],{"class":75},[61,160338,160289],{"class":112},[61,160340,244],{"class":75},[61,160342,160303],{"class":24507},[61,160344,116],{"class":75},[14,160346,157],{},[52,160348,160350],{"className":54,"code":160349,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[18,160351,160352,160367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160353,160354,160356,160358,160360,160363,160365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160355,183],{"class":71},[61,160357,187],{"class":186},[61,160359,191],{"class":190},[61,160361,160362],{"class":194},"__main__.Person",[61,160364,198],{"class":190},[61,160366,201],{"class":71},[61,160368,160369],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160370,160371],{"class":67},"human\n",[14,160373,160374,160375,160377],{},"Most beginners do ",[603,160376,605],{}," need this form.",[14,160379,160380],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[47,160382,4723,160384],{"id":160383},"when-to-use-type",[18,160385,2063],{},[14,160387,160388,12199],{},[18,160389,2063],{},[26,160391,160392,160395,160398,160401],{},[29,160393,160394],{},"debug unexpected values",[29,160396,160397],{},"check what a conversion produced",[29,160399,160400],{},"learn Python data types",[29,160402,160403],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160405,1570],{},[52,160407,160409],{"className":54,"code":160408,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,160410,160411,160423,160437,160441,160455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160412,160413,160415,160417,160419,160421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160414,517],{"class":67},[61,160416,72],{"class":71},[61,160418,522],{"class":190},[61,160420,50003],{"class":194},[61,160422,528],{"class":190},[61,160424,160425,160427,160429,160431,160433,160435],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160426,1979],{"class":67},[61,160428,72],{"class":71},[61,160430,45034],{"class":105},[61,160432,109],{"class":75},[61,160434,541],{"class":112},[61,160436,116],{"class":75},[61,160438,160439],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,160440,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,160442,160443,160445,160447,160449,160451,160453],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,160444,130],{"class":129},[61,160446,109],{"class":75},[61,160448,147],{"class":105},[61,160450,109],{"class":75},[61,160452,541],{"class":112},[61,160454,154],{"class":75},[61,160456,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465,160467],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,160458,130],{"class":129},[61,160460,109],{"class":75},[61,160462,147],{"class":105},[61,160464,109],{"class":75},[61,160466,2001],{"class":112},[61,160468,154],{"class":75},[14,160470,157],{},[52,160472,160473],{"className":54,"code":124813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,160474,160475,160489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160476,160477,160479,160481,160483,160485,160487],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160478,183],{"class":71},[61,160480,187],{"class":186},[61,160482,191],{"class":190},[61,160484,3199],{"class":194},[61,160486,198],{"class":190},[61,160488,201],{"class":71},[61,160490,160491,160493,160495,160497,160499,160501],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160492,183],{"class":71},[61,160494,187],{"class":186},[61,160496,191],{"class":190},[61,160498,1279],{"class":194},[61,160500,198],{"class":190},[61,160502,201],{"class":71},[14,160504,160505],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160507,160508,160509,1951,160513,16829,160517,160521],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[235,160510,160511],{"href":41932},[18,160512,47442],{},[235,160514,160515],{"href":2634},[18,160516,2637],{},[235,160518,160519],{"href":2641},[18,160520,2644],{}," are often the next step.",[47,160523,25115],{"id":25114},[14,160525,160526,160527,160529],{},"A few things about ",[18,160528,2063],{}," often confuse beginners.",[408,160531,160533,160536],{"id":160532},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[18,160534,160535],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160538,64389],{},[52,160540,160542],{"className":54,"code":160541,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(5))\n",[18,160543,160544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160545,160546,160548,160550,160552,160554,160556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160547,130],{"class":129},[61,160549,109],{"class":75},[61,160551,147],{"class":105},[61,160553,109],{"class":75},[61,160555,645],{"class":79},[61,160557,154],{"class":75},[14,160559,122658],{},[52,160561,160562],{"className":54,"code":156011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,160563,160564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160565,160566,160568,160570,160572,160574,160576],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160567,183],{"class":71},[61,160569,187],{"class":186},[61,160571,191],{"class":190},[61,160573,1279],{"class":194},[61,160575,198],{"class":190},[61,160577,201],{"class":71},[14,160579,1386,160580,160582,160583,244],{},[603,160581,605],{}," print just ",[18,160584,1279],{},[14,160586,6437,160587,160589],{},[18,160588,2063],{}," returns a class object.",[408,160591,160593,2158,160595],{"id":160592},"input-returns-str",[18,160594,2718],{},[18,160596,3199],{},[14,160598,79288],{},[52,160600,160602],{"className":54,"code":160601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,160603,160604,160622],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160605,160606,160608,160610,160612,160614,160616,160618,160620],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160607,1580],{"class":67},[61,160609,72],{"class":71},[61,160611,7999],{"class":129},[61,160613,109],{"class":75},[61,160615,816],{"class":190},[61,160617,46068],{"class":194},[61,160619,816],{"class":190},[61,160621,116],{"class":75},[61,160623,160624,160626,160628,160630,160632,160634],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160625,130],{"class":129},[61,160627,109],{"class":75},[61,160629,147],{"class":105},[61,160631,109],{"class":75},[61,160633,1605],{"class":112},[61,160635,154],{"class":75},[14,160637,160638],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,160640,160641,160642,2638,160644,244],{},"If you need a number, use ",[18,160643,2637],{},[18,160645,2644],{},[408,160647,160649],{"id":160648},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,160651,160652],{},"Avoid code like this:",[52,160654,160656],{"className":54,"code":160655,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[18,160657,160658,160666,160670,160696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160659,160660,160662,160664],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160661,1580],{"class":67},[61,160663,72],{"class":71},[61,160665,34597],{"class":79},[61,160667,160668],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160669,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,160671,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680,160682,160684,160686,160688,160690,160692,160694],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,160673,6758],{"class":3634},[61,160675,48663],{"class":105},[61,160677,109],{"class":75},[61,160679,147],{"class":105},[61,160681,109],{"class":75},[61,160683,1605],{"class":112},[61,160685,5122],{"class":75},[61,160687,6167],{"class":71},[61,160689,522],{"class":190},[61,160691,159390],{"class":194},[61,160693,816],{"class":190},[61,160695,6152],{"class":75},[61,160697,160698,160700,160702,160704,160707,160709],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,160699,7827],{"class":129},[61,160701,109],{"class":75},[61,160703,816],{"class":190},[61,160705,160706],{"class":194},"It is an int",[61,160708,816],{"class":190},[61,160710,116],{"class":75},[14,160712,160713],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,160715,160716],{},"Better options:",[52,160718,160720],{"className":54,"code":160719,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160721,160722,160730,160734,160754],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160723,160724,160726,160728],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160725,1580],{"class":67},[61,160727,72],{"class":71},[61,160729,34597],{"class":79},[61,160731,160732],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160733,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,160735,160736,160738,160740,160742,160744,160746,160748,160750,160752],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,160737,130],{"class":129},[61,160739,109],{"class":75},[61,160741,147],{"class":105},[61,160743,109],{"class":75},[61,160745,1605],{"class":112},[61,160747,3417],{"class":75},[61,160749,6167],{"class":71},[61,160751,45034],{"class":105},[61,160753,116],{"class":75},[61,160755,160756,160758,160760,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,160757,130],{"class":129},[61,160759,109],{"class":75},[61,160761,48634],{"class":129},[61,160763,109],{"class":75},[61,160765,1605],{"class":112},[61,160767,83],{"class":75},[61,160769,45034],{"class":105},[61,160771,154],{"class":75},[14,160773,157],{},[52,160775,160776],{"className":54,"code":4266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,160777,160778,160782],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160779,160780],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160781,3738],{"class":3609},[61,160783,160784],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160785,3738],{"class":3609},[14,160787,160788,160789,160791],{},"In most real code, ",[18,160790,44563],{}," is the more useful check.",[47,160793,2590],{"id":2589},[14,160795,14488,160796,824],{},[18,160797,2063],{},[26,160799,160800,160810,160819,160828],{},[29,160801,8175,160802,160804,160805,160809],{},[18,160803,2063],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[235,160806,160807],{"href":7976},[18,160808,2718],{}," always returns a string",[29,160811,8211,160812,160814,160815,10844,160817],{},[18,160813,2063],{}," to return plain text like ",[18,160816,1279],{},[18,160818,159390],{},[29,160820,8175,160821,44387,160824,160827],{},[18,160822,160823],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[18,160825,160826],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[29,160829,160830],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,160832,160833,160834,244],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[235,160835,160837],{"href":160836},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,160839,144322],{},[52,160841,160843],{"className":54,"code":160842,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[18,160844,160845,160859,160869,160883,160893],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160846,160847,160849,160851,160853,160855,160857],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160848,130],{"class":129},[61,160850,109],{"class":75},[61,160852,147],{"class":105},[61,160854,109],{"class":75},[61,160856,1605],{"class":112},[61,160858,154],{"class":75},[61,160860,160861,160863,160865,160867],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,160862,130],{"class":129},[61,160864,109],{"class":75},[61,160866,1605],{"class":112},[61,160868,116],{"class":75},[61,160870,160871,160873,160875,160877,160879,160881],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,160872,130],{"class":129},[61,160874,109],{"class":75},[61,160876,41536],{"class":129},[61,160878,109],{"class":75},[61,160880,1605],{"class":112},[61,160882,154],{"class":75},[61,160884,160885,160887,160889,160891],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,160886,31908],{"class":129},[61,160888,109],{"class":75},[61,160890,147],{"class":105},[61,160892,116],{"class":75},[61,160894,160895,160897,160899,160901],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,160896,34128],{"class":129},[61,160898,109],{"class":75},[61,160900,1605],{"class":112},[61,160902,116],{"class":75},[14,160904,160905],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[47,160907,1620],{"id":1619},[408,160909,4905,160911,4908],{"id":160910},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[18,160912,2063],{},[14,160914,160915,160916,1951,160918,1951,160920,1955,160922,160924,160925,244],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[18,160917,3199],{},[18,160919,1279],{},[18,160921,7852],{},[18,160923,8580],{},", shown as a class object like ",[18,160926,159387],{},[408,160928,14658,160930,56964,160932,2251],{"id":160929},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[18,160931,2063],{},[18,160933,44563],{},[14,160935,46123,160936,160938,160939,160941],{},[18,160937,2063],{}," shows the exact type. ",[18,160940,44563],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[408,160943,4921,160945,160948,160949,2251],{"id":160944},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[18,160946,160947],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[18,160950,3199],{},[14,160952,28818,160953,160955,160956,2638,160958,160049],{},[18,160954,2718],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[18,160957,2637],{},[18,160959,2644],{},[408,160961,4933,160963,160965],{"id":160962},"can-type-create-classes",[18,160964,2063],{}," create classes?",[14,160967,160968,160969,244],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[18,160970,160971],{},"type(object)",[47,160973,1664],{"id":1663},[26,160975,160976,160980,160986,160992,160996,161002,161008],{},[29,160977,160978],{},[235,160979,44555],{"href":48735},[29,160981,160982],{},[235,160983,3332,160984,3265],{"href":160228},[18,160985,44563],{},[29,160987,160988],{},[235,160989,3332,160990,3265],{"href":7976},[18,160991,2718],{},[29,160993,160994],{},[235,160995,8817],{"href":8739},[29,160997,160998],{},[235,160999,3332,161000,3265],{"href":2634},[18,161001,2637],{},[29,161003,161004],{},[235,161005,3332,161006,3265],{"href":2641},[18,161007,2644],{},[29,161009,161010],{},[235,161011,3332,161012,3265],{"href":41932},[18,161013,47442],{},[1693,161015,161016],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":161018},[161019,161020,161022,161023,161024,161026,161028,161030,161032,161039,161040,161050],{"id":3365,"depth":97,"text":3366},{"id":159393,"depth":97,"text":161021},"What the type() function does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":121626,"depth":97,"text":121627},{"id":159751,"depth":97,"text":161025},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160057,"depth":97,"text":161027},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160233,"depth":97,"text":161029},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160383,"depth":97,"text":161031},"When to use type()",{"id":25114,"depth":97,"text":25115,"children":161033},[161034,161036,161038],{"id":160532,"depth":119,"text":161035},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160592,"depth":119,"text":161037},"input() returns str",{"id":160648,"depth":119,"text":160649},{"id":2589,"depth":97,"text":2590},{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":161041},[161042,161044,161046,161048],{"id":160910,"depth":119,"text":161043},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160929,"depth":119,"text":161045},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160944,"depth":119,"text":161047},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160962,"depth":119,"text":161049},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159227,"description":161051},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161057,"title":161058,"body":161059,"description":163538,"extension":1727,"meta":163539,"navigation":122,"path":163540,"seo":163541,"stem":163542,"__hash__":163543},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161060,"toc":163495},[161061,161066,161071,161080,161082,161182,161184,161209,161214,161219,161235,161238,161240,161242,161267,161270,161273,161356,161358,161407,161410,161532,161534,161607,161611,161614,161728,161730,161756,161758,161779,161784,161788,161793,161796,161900,161902,161919,161928,161931,162018,162020,162031,162036,162042,162047,162053,162056,162149,162151,162200,162206,162209,162310,162312,162365,162370,162374,162377,162476,162478,162517,162520,162525,162527,162532,162536,162649,162653,162750,162754,162842,162844,162861,162865,162988,162994,163000,163006,163011,163014,163041,163045,163047,163141,163144,163148,163151,163238,163241,163276,163278,163315,163318,163326,163331,163336,163410,163417,163419,163424,163427,163433,163436,163442,163447,163453,163458,163462,163465,163467,163492],[10,161062,3332,161064,3336],{"id":161063},"python-zip-function-explained",[18,161065,64065],{},[14,161067,161068,161070],{},[18,161069,64065],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161072,161073,161074,161076,161077,161079],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[18,161075,64065],{}," inside a ",[18,161078,5717],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[47,161081,50],{"id":49},[52,161083,161085],{"className":54,"code":161084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161086,161087,161119,161139,161143,161168],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161088,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111,161113,161115,161117],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161090,4757],{"class":67},[61,161092,72],{"class":71},[61,161094,76],{"class":75},[61,161096,816],{"class":190},[61,161098,829],{"class":194},[61,161100,816],{"class":190},[61,161102,83],{"class":75},[61,161104,522],{"class":190},[61,161106,35697],{"class":194},[61,161108,816],{"class":190},[61,161110,83],{"class":75},[61,161112,522],{"class":190},[61,161114,35706],{"class":194},[61,161116,816],{"class":190},[61,161118,94],{"class":75},[61,161120,161121,161123,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135,161137],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161122,4826],{"class":67},[61,161124,72],{"class":71},[61,161126,76],{"class":75},[61,161128,13257],{"class":79},[61,161130,83],{"class":75},[61,161132,13262],{"class":79},[61,161134,83],{"class":75},[61,161136,28677],{"class":79},[61,161138,94],{"class":75},[61,161140,161141],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,161142,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,161144,161145,161147,161149,161151,161153,161155,161158,161160,161162,161164,161166],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,161146,5717],{"class":3634},[61,161148,35748],{"class":67},[61,161150,83],{"class":75},[61,161152,4868],{"class":67},[61,161154,3641],{"class":3634},[61,161156,161157],{"class":129}," zip",[61,161159,109],{"class":75},[61,161161,4801],{"class":112},[61,161163,83],{"class":75},[61,161165,4873],{"class":112},[61,161167,8099],{"class":75},[61,161169,161170,161172,161174,161176,161178,161180],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,161171,7827],{"class":129},[61,161173,109],{"class":75},[61,161175,819],{"class":112},[61,161177,83],{"class":75},[61,161179,130602],{"class":112},[61,161181,116],{"class":75},[14,161183,157],{},[52,161185,161187],{"className":54,"code":161186,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[18,161188,161189,161195,161202],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161190,161191,161193],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161192,133621],{"class":67},[61,161194,32891],{"class":79},[61,161196,161197,161200],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161198,161199],{"class":67},"Ben ",[61,161201,32896],{"class":79},[61,161203,161204,161207],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,161205,161206],{"class":67},"Cara ",[61,161208,32901],{"class":79},[14,161210,204,161211,161213],{},[18,161212,64065],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[47,161215,3435,161217,3438],{"id":161216},"what-zip-does",[18,161218,64065],{},[26,161220,161221,161226,161229,161232],{},[29,161222,161223,161225],{},[18,161224,64065],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[29,161227,161228],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[29,161230,161231],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[29,161233,161234],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161236,161237],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[47,161239,248],{"id":247},[14,161241,6979],{},[52,161243,161245],{"className":54,"code":161244,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[18,161246,161247],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161248,161249,161251,161253,161256,161258,161261,161263,161265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161250,64135],{"class":129},[61,161252,109],{"class":75},[61,161254,161255],{"class":112},"iterable1",[61,161257,83],{"class":75},[61,161259,161260],{"class":112}," iterable2",[61,161262,83],{"class":75},[61,161264,34210],{"class":129},[61,161266,116],{"class":75},[14,161268,161269],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161271,161272],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[52,161274,161276],{"className":54,"code":161275,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[18,161277,161278,161298,161330,161334],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161279,161280,161282,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294,161296],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161281,68],{"class":67},[61,161283,72],{"class":71},[61,161285,76],{"class":75},[61,161287,80],{"class":79},[61,161289,83],{"class":75},[61,161291,86],{"class":79},[61,161293,83],{"class":75},[61,161295,91],{"class":79},[61,161297,94],{"class":75},[61,161299,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310,161312,161314,161316,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326,161328],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161301,35847],{"class":67},[61,161303,72],{"class":71},[61,161305,76],{"class":75},[61,161307,816],{"class":190},[61,161309,235],{"class":194},[61,161311,816],{"class":190},[61,161313,83],{"class":75},[61,161315,522],{"class":190},[61,161317,1480],{"class":194},[61,161319,816],{"class":190},[61,161321,83],{"class":75},[61,161323,522],{"class":190},[61,161325,573],{"class":194},[61,161327,816],{"class":190},[61,161329,94],{"class":75},[61,161331,161332],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,161333,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,161335,161336,161338,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,161337,130],{"class":129},[61,161339,109],{"class":75},[61,161341,7852],{"class":105},[61,161343,109],{"class":75},[61,161345,64135],{"class":129},[61,161347,109],{"class":75},[61,161349,113],{"class":112},[61,161351,83],{"class":75},[61,161353,69842],{"class":112},[61,161355,2672],{"class":75},[14,161357,157],{},[52,161359,161361],{"className":54,"code":161360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[18,161362,161363],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161364,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373,161375,161377,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403,161405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161366,21497],{"class":75},[61,161368,80],{"class":79},[61,161370,83],{"class":75},[61,161372,191],{"class":190},[61,161374,235],{"class":194},[61,161376,198],{"class":190},[61,161378,1045],{"class":75},[61,161380,1048],{"class":75},[61,161382,1821],{"class":79},[61,161384,83],{"class":75},[61,161386,191],{"class":190},[61,161388,1480],{"class":194},[61,161390,198],{"class":190},[61,161392,1045],{"class":75},[61,161394,1048],{"class":75},[61,161396,1827],{"class":79},[61,161398,83],{"class":75},[61,161400,191],{"class":190},[61,161402,573],{"class":194},[61,161404,198],{"class":190},[61,161406,9004],{"class":75},[14,161408,161409],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[52,161411,161413],{"className":54,"code":161412,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[18,161414,161415,161447,161467,161501,161505],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161416,161417,161419,161421,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161418,4757],{"class":67},[61,161420,72],{"class":71},[61,161422,76],{"class":75},[61,161424,816],{"class":190},[61,161426,829],{"class":194},[61,161428,816],{"class":190},[61,161430,83],{"class":75},[61,161432,522],{"class":190},[61,161434,35697],{"class":194},[61,161436,816],{"class":190},[61,161438,83],{"class":75},[61,161440,522],{"class":190},[61,161442,35706],{"class":194},[61,161444,816],{"class":190},[61,161446,94],{"class":75},[61,161448,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161450,4826],{"class":67},[61,161452,72],{"class":71},[61,161454,76],{"class":75},[61,161456,13257],{"class":79},[61,161458,83],{"class":75},[61,161460,13262],{"class":79},[61,161462,83],{"class":75},[61,161464,28677],{"class":79},[61,161466,94],{"class":75},[61,161468,161469,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161497,161499],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,161470,161471],{"class":67},"grades ",[61,161473,72],{"class":71},[61,161475,76],{"class":75},[61,161477,816],{"class":190},[61,161479,22002],{"class":194},[61,161481,816],{"class":190},[61,161483,83],{"class":75},[61,161485,522],{"class":190},[61,161487,30355],{"class":194},[61,161489,816],{"class":190},[61,161491,83],{"class":75},[61,161493,522],{"class":190},[61,161495,161496],{"class":194},"B+",[61,161498,816],{"class":190},[61,161500,94],{"class":75},[61,161502,161503],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,161504,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,161506,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161530],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,161508,130],{"class":129},[61,161510,109],{"class":75},[61,161512,7852],{"class":105},[61,161514,109],{"class":75},[61,161516,64135],{"class":129},[61,161518,109],{"class":75},[61,161520,4801],{"class":112},[61,161522,83],{"class":75},[61,161524,4873],{"class":112},[61,161526,83],{"class":75},[61,161528,161529],{"class":112}," grades",[61,161531,2672],{"class":75},[14,161533,157],{},[52,161535,161537],{"className":54,"code":161536,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[18,161538,161539],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161540,161541,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593,161595,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161542,21497],{"class":75},[61,161544,198],{"class":190},[61,161546,829],{"class":194},[61,161548,198],{"class":190},[61,161550,83],{"class":75},[61,161552,19654],{"class":79},[61,161554,83],{"class":75},[61,161556,191],{"class":190},[61,161558,22002],{"class":194},[61,161560,198],{"class":190},[61,161562,1045],{"class":75},[61,161564,1048],{"class":75},[61,161566,198],{"class":190},[61,161568,35697],{"class":194},[61,161570,198],{"class":190},[61,161572,83],{"class":75},[61,161574,13262],{"class":79},[61,161576,83],{"class":75},[61,161578,191],{"class":190},[61,161580,30355],{"class":194},[61,161582,198],{"class":190},[61,161584,1045],{"class":75},[61,161586,1048],{"class":75},[61,161588,198],{"class":190},[61,161590,35706],{"class":194},[61,161592,198],{"class":190},[61,161594,83],{"class":75},[61,161596,28677],{"class":79},[61,161598,83],{"class":75},[61,161600,191],{"class":190},[61,161602,161496],{"class":194},[61,161604,198],{"class":190},[61,161606,9004],{"class":75},[47,161608,161610],{"id":161609},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,161612,161613],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[52,161615,161617],{"className":54,"code":161616,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[18,161618,161619,161651,161671,161675,161699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161620,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161622,4757],{"class":67},[61,161624,72],{"class":71},[61,161626,76],{"class":75},[61,161628,816],{"class":190},[61,161630,829],{"class":194},[61,161632,816],{"class":190},[61,161634,83],{"class":75},[61,161636,522],{"class":190},[61,161638,35697],{"class":194},[61,161640,816],{"class":190},[61,161642,83],{"class":75},[61,161644,522],{"class":190},[61,161646,35706],{"class":194},[61,161648,816],{"class":190},[61,161650,94],{"class":75},[61,161652,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161654,4826],{"class":67},[61,161656,72],{"class":71},[61,161658,76],{"class":75},[61,161660,13257],{"class":79},[61,161662,83],{"class":75},[61,161664,13262],{"class":79},[61,161666,83],{"class":75},[61,161668,28677],{"class":79},[61,161670,94],{"class":75},[61,161672,161673],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,161674,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,161676,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,161678,5717],{"class":3634},[61,161680,35748],{"class":67},[61,161682,83],{"class":75},[61,161684,4868],{"class":67},[61,161686,3641],{"class":3634},[61,161688,161157],{"class":129},[61,161690,109],{"class":75},[61,161692,4801],{"class":112},[61,161694,83],{"class":75},[61,161696,4873],{"class":112},[61,161698,8099],{"class":75},[61,161700,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,161702,7827],{"class":129},[61,161704,109],{"class":75},[61,161706,22051],{"class":186},[61,161708,816],{"class":194},[61,161710,9033],{"class":79},[61,161712,819],{"class":112},[61,161714,22060],{"class":79},[61,161716,161717],{"class":194}," scored ",[61,161719,9033],{"class":79},[61,161721,85265],{"class":112},[61,161723,22060],{"class":79},[61,161725,816],{"class":194},[61,161727,116],{"class":75},[14,161729,157],{},[52,161731,161733],{"className":54,"code":161732,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[18,161734,161735,161742,161749],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161736,161737,161740],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161738,161739],{"class":67},"Ana scored ",[61,161741,32891],{"class":79},[61,161743,161744,161747],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161745,161746],{"class":67},"Ben scored ",[61,161748,32896],{"class":79},[61,161750,161751,161754],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,161752,161753],{"class":67},"Cara scored ",[61,161755,32901],{"class":79},[14,161757,44688],{},[26,161759,161760,161769,161772],{},[29,161761,161762,161765,161766],{},[18,161763,161764],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[18,161767,161768],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[29,161770,161771],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[29,161773,161774,4154,161776,161778],{},[18,161775,819],{},[18,161777,85265],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,161780,161781,161782,244],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[235,161783,69359],{"href":69358},[47,161785,161787],{"id":161786},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,161789,161790,161792],{},[18,161791,64065],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,161794,161795],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[52,161797,161799],{"className":54,"code":161798,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161800,161801,161842,161858,161862,161886],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161802,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161838,161840],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161804,4757],{"class":67},[61,161806,72],{"class":71},[61,161808,76],{"class":75},[61,161810,816],{"class":190},[61,161812,829],{"class":194},[61,161814,816],{"class":190},[61,161816,83],{"class":75},[61,161818,522],{"class":190},[61,161820,35697],{"class":194},[61,161822,816],{"class":190},[61,161824,83],{"class":75},[61,161826,522],{"class":190},[61,161828,35706],{"class":194},[61,161830,816],{"class":190},[61,161832,83],{"class":75},[61,161834,522],{"class":190},[61,161836,161837],{"class":194},"Dan",[61,161839,816],{"class":190},[61,161841,94],{"class":75},[61,161843,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161845,4826],{"class":67},[61,161847,72],{"class":71},[61,161849,76],{"class":75},[61,161851,13257],{"class":79},[61,161853,83],{"class":75},[61,161855,13262],{"class":79},[61,161857,94],{"class":75},[61,161859,161860],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,161861,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,161863,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,161865,5717],{"class":3634},[61,161867,35748],{"class":67},[61,161869,83],{"class":75},[61,161871,4868],{"class":67},[61,161873,3641],{"class":3634},[61,161875,161157],{"class":129},[61,161877,109],{"class":75},[61,161879,4801],{"class":112},[61,161881,83],{"class":75},[61,161883,4873],{"class":112},[61,161885,8099],{"class":75},[61,161887,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,161889,7827],{"class":129},[61,161891,109],{"class":75},[61,161893,819],{"class":112},[61,161895,83],{"class":75},[61,161897,130602],{"class":112},[61,161899,116],{"class":75},[14,161901,157],{},[52,161903,161905],{"className":54,"code":161904,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[18,161906,161907,161913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161908,161909,161911],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161910,133621],{"class":67},[61,161912,32891],{"class":79},[61,161914,161915,161917],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161916,161199],{"class":67},[61,161918,32896],{"class":79},[14,161920,2047,161921,4154,161924,161927],{},[18,161922,161923],{},"\"Cara\"",[18,161925,161926],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,161929,161930],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[52,161932,161934],{"className":54,"code":161933,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[18,161935,161936,161976,161992,161996],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161937,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161939,4757],{"class":67},[61,161941,72],{"class":71},[61,161943,76],{"class":75},[61,161945,816],{"class":190},[61,161947,829],{"class":194},[61,161949,816],{"class":190},[61,161951,83],{"class":75},[61,161953,522],{"class":190},[61,161955,35697],{"class":194},[61,161957,816],{"class":190},[61,161959,83],{"class":75},[61,161961,522],{"class":190},[61,161963,35706],{"class":194},[61,161965,816],{"class":190},[61,161967,83],{"class":75},[61,161969,522],{"class":190},[61,161971,161837],{"class":194},[61,161973,816],{"class":190},[61,161975,94],{"class":75},[61,161977,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,161979,4826],{"class":67},[61,161981,72],{"class":71},[61,161983,76],{"class":75},[61,161985,13257],{"class":79},[61,161987,83],{"class":75},[61,161989,13262],{"class":79},[61,161991,94],{"class":75},[61,161993,161994],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,161995,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,161997,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,161999,130],{"class":129},[61,162001,109],{"class":75},[61,162003,10914],{"class":129},[61,162005,109],{"class":75},[61,162007,4801],{"class":112},[61,162009,1045],{"class":75},[61,162011,38142],{"class":129},[61,162013,109],{"class":75},[61,162015,16145],{"class":112},[61,162017,154],{"class":75},[14,162019,157],{},[52,162021,162023],{"className":54,"code":162022,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4 2\n",[18,162024,162025],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162026,162027,162029],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162028,1129],{"class":79},[61,162030,45347],{"class":79},[14,162032,162033,162034,244],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[18,162035,64065],{},[47,162037,91856,162039,162041],{"id":162038},"converting-zip-output",[18,162040,64065],{}," output",[14,162043,28818,162044,162046],{},[18,162045,64065],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[408,162048,204,162050],{"id":162049},"use-listzip",[18,162051,162052],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162054,162055],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[52,162057,162059],{"className":54,"code":162058,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,162060,162061,162093,162113,162117,162139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162062,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162064,4757],{"class":67},[61,162066,72],{"class":71},[61,162068,76],{"class":75},[61,162070,816],{"class":190},[61,162072,829],{"class":194},[61,162074,816],{"class":190},[61,162076,83],{"class":75},[61,162078,522],{"class":190},[61,162080,35697],{"class":194},[61,162082,816],{"class":190},[61,162084,83],{"class":75},[61,162086,522],{"class":190},[61,162088,35706],{"class":194},[61,162090,816],{"class":190},[61,162092,94],{"class":75},[61,162094,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162096,4826],{"class":67},[61,162098,72],{"class":71},[61,162100,76],{"class":75},[61,162102,13257],{"class":79},[61,162104,83],{"class":75},[61,162106,13262],{"class":79},[61,162108,83],{"class":75},[61,162110,28677],{"class":79},[61,162112,94],{"class":75},[61,162114,162115],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,162116,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,162118,162119,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,162120,8972],{"class":67},[61,162122,72],{"class":71},[61,162124,22317],{"class":105},[61,162126,109],{"class":75},[61,162128,64135],{"class":129},[61,162130,109],{"class":75},[61,162132,4801],{"class":112},[61,162134,83],{"class":75},[61,162136,4873],{"class":112},[61,162138,154],{"class":75},[61,162140,162141,162143,162145,162147],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,162142,130],{"class":129},[61,162144,109],{"class":75},[61,162146,9017],{"class":112},[61,162148,116],{"class":75},[14,162150,157],{},[52,162152,162154],{"className":54,"code":162153,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[18,162155,162156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162157,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162159,21497],{"class":75},[61,162161,198],{"class":190},[61,162163,829],{"class":194},[61,162165,198],{"class":190},[61,162167,83],{"class":75},[61,162169,19654],{"class":79},[61,162171,1045],{"class":75},[61,162173,1048],{"class":75},[61,162175,198],{"class":190},[61,162177,35697],{"class":194},[61,162179,198],{"class":190},[61,162181,83],{"class":75},[61,162183,13262],{"class":79},[61,162185,1045],{"class":75},[61,162187,1048],{"class":75},[61,162189,198],{"class":190},[61,162191,35706],{"class":194},[61,162193,198],{"class":190},[61,162195,83],{"class":75},[61,162197,28677],{"class":79},[61,162199,9004],{"class":75},[408,162201,204,162203],{"id":162202},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[18,162204,162205],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162207,162208],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[52,162210,162212],{"className":54,"code":162211,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[18,162213,162214,162246,162274,162278,162300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162215,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162217,16999],{"class":67},[61,162219,72],{"class":71},[61,162221,76],{"class":75},[61,162223,816],{"class":190},[61,162225,819],{"class":194},[61,162227,816],{"class":190},[61,162229,83],{"class":75},[61,162231,522],{"class":190},[61,162233,838],{"class":194},[61,162235,816],{"class":190},[61,162237,83],{"class":75},[61,162239,522],{"class":190},[61,162241,10161],{"class":194},[61,162243,816],{"class":190},[61,162245,94],{"class":75},[61,162247,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162249,712],{"class":67},[61,162251,72],{"class":71},[61,162253,76],{"class":75},[61,162255,816],{"class":190},[61,162257,829],{"class":194},[61,162259,816],{"class":190},[61,162261,83],{"class":75},[61,162263,845],{"class":79},[61,162265,83],{"class":75},[61,162267,522],{"class":190},[61,162269,15787],{"class":194},[61,162271,816],{"class":190},[61,162273,94],{"class":75},[61,162275,162276],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,162277,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,162279,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,162281,809],{"class":67},[61,162283,72],{"class":71},[61,162285,8928],{"class":105},[61,162287,109],{"class":75},[61,162289,64135],{"class":129},[61,162291,109],{"class":75},[61,162293,16680],{"class":112},[61,162295,83],{"class":75},[61,162297,3644],{"class":112},[61,162299,154],{"class":75},[61,162301,162302,162304,162306,162308],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,162303,130],{"class":129},[61,162305,109],{"class":75},[61,162307,860],{"class":112},[61,162309,116],{"class":75},[14,162311,157],{},[52,162313,162315],{"className":54,"code":162314,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,162316,162317],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162318,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162320,9033],{"class":75},[61,162322,198],{"class":190},[61,162324,819],{"class":194},[61,162326,198],{"class":190},[61,162328,824],{"class":75},[61,162330,191],{"class":190},[61,162332,829],{"class":194},[61,162334,198],{"class":190},[61,162336,83],{"class":75},[61,162338,191],{"class":190},[61,162340,838],{"class":194},[61,162342,198],{"class":190},[61,162344,824],{"class":75},[61,162346,845],{"class":79},[61,162348,83],{"class":75},[61,162350,191],{"class":190},[61,162352,10161],{"class":194},[61,162354,198],{"class":190},[61,162356,824],{"class":75},[61,162358,191],{"class":190},[61,162360,15787],{"class":194},[61,162362,198],{"class":190},[61,162364,730],{"class":75},[14,162366,162367,162368,244],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[235,162369,30842],{"href":30841},[408,162371,162373],{"id":162372},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162375,162376],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[52,162378,162380],{"className":54,"code":162379,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,162381,162382,162406,162422,162426,162444,162448,162462],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162383,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162385,4757],{"class":67},[61,162387,72],{"class":71},[61,162389,76],{"class":75},[61,162391,816],{"class":190},[61,162393,829],{"class":194},[61,162395,816],{"class":190},[61,162397,83],{"class":75},[61,162399,522],{"class":190},[61,162401,35697],{"class":194},[61,162403,816],{"class":190},[61,162405,94],{"class":75},[61,162407,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162409,4826],{"class":67},[61,162411,72],{"class":71},[61,162413,76],{"class":75},[61,162415,13257],{"class":79},[61,162417,83],{"class":75},[61,162419,13262],{"class":79},[61,162421,94],{"class":75},[61,162423,162424],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,162425,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,162427,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,162429,8972],{"class":67},[61,162431,72],{"class":71},[61,162433,161157],{"class":129},[61,162435,109],{"class":75},[61,162437,4801],{"class":112},[61,162439,83],{"class":75},[61,162441,4873],{"class":112},[61,162443,116],{"class":75},[61,162445,162446],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,162447,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,162449,162450,162452,162454,162456,162458,162460],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,162451,130],{"class":129},[61,162453,109],{"class":75},[61,162455,7852],{"class":105},[61,162457,109],{"class":75},[61,162459,9017],{"class":112},[61,162461,154],{"class":75},[61,162463,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,162465,130],{"class":129},[61,162467,109],{"class":75},[61,162469,7852],{"class":105},[61,162471,109],{"class":75},[61,162473,9017],{"class":112},[61,162475,154],{"class":75},[14,162477,157],{},[52,162479,162481],{"className":54,"code":162480,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[18,162482,162483,162513],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162484,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162486,21497],{"class":75},[61,162488,198],{"class":190},[61,162490,829],{"class":194},[61,162492,198],{"class":190},[61,162494,83],{"class":75},[61,162496,19654],{"class":79},[61,162498,1045],{"class":75},[61,162500,1048],{"class":75},[61,162502,198],{"class":190},[61,162504,35697],{"class":194},[61,162506,198],{"class":190},[61,162508,83],{"class":75},[61,162510,13262],{"class":79},[61,162512,9004],{"class":75},[61,162514,162515],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162516,38053],{"class":75},[14,162518,162519],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162521,162522,162523,244],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[235,162524,4899],{"href":5345},[47,162526,40802],{"id":40801},[14,162528,162529,162530,244],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[18,162531,64065],{},[408,162533,162535],{"id":162534},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[52,162537,162539],{"className":54,"code":162538,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[18,162540,162541,162573,162593,162597,162621],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162542,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162544,4757],{"class":67},[61,162546,72],{"class":71},[61,162548,76],{"class":75},[61,162550,816],{"class":190},[61,162552,829],{"class":194},[61,162554,816],{"class":190},[61,162556,83],{"class":75},[61,162558,522],{"class":190},[61,162560,35697],{"class":194},[61,162562,816],{"class":190},[61,162564,83],{"class":75},[61,162566,522],{"class":190},[61,162568,35706],{"class":194},[61,162570,816],{"class":190},[61,162572,94],{"class":75},[61,162574,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162576,4826],{"class":67},[61,162578,72],{"class":71},[61,162580,76],{"class":75},[61,162582,13257],{"class":79},[61,162584,83],{"class":75},[61,162586,13262],{"class":79},[61,162588,83],{"class":75},[61,162590,28677],{"class":79},[61,162592,94],{"class":75},[61,162594,162595],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,162596,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,162598,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,162600,5717],{"class":3634},[61,162602,35748],{"class":67},[61,162604,83],{"class":75},[61,162606,4868],{"class":67},[61,162608,3641],{"class":3634},[61,162610,161157],{"class":129},[61,162612,109],{"class":75},[61,162614,4801],{"class":112},[61,162616,83],{"class":75},[61,162618,4873],{"class":112},[61,162620,8099],{"class":75},[61,162622,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,162624,7827],{"class":129},[61,162626,109],{"class":75},[61,162628,22051],{"class":186},[61,162630,816],{"class":194},[61,162632,9033],{"class":79},[61,162634,819],{"class":112},[61,162636,22060],{"class":79},[61,162638,22063],{"class":194},[61,162640,9033],{"class":79},[61,162642,85265],{"class":112},[61,162644,22060],{"class":79},[61,162646,816],{"class":194},[61,162648,116],{"class":75},[408,162650,162652],{"id":162651},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[52,162654,162656],{"className":54,"code":162655,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[18,162657,162658,162690,162714,162718,162740],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162659,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162661,16999],{"class":67},[61,162663,72],{"class":71},[61,162665,76],{"class":75},[61,162667,816],{"class":190},[61,162669,12404],{"class":194},[61,162671,816],{"class":190},[61,162673,83],{"class":75},[61,162675,522],{"class":190},[61,162677,819],{"class":194},[61,162679,816],{"class":190},[61,162681,83],{"class":75},[61,162683,522],{"class":190},[61,162685,15577],{"class":194},[61,162687,816],{"class":190},[61,162689,94],{"class":75},[61,162691,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710,162712],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162693,712],{"class":67},[61,162695,72],{"class":71},[61,162697,76],{"class":75},[61,162699,46350],{"class":79},[61,162701,83],{"class":75},[61,162703,522],{"class":190},[61,162705,829],{"class":194},[61,162707,816],{"class":190},[61,162709,83],{"class":75},[61,162711,3674],{"class":3609},[61,162713,94],{"class":75},[61,162715,162716],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,162717,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,162719,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,162721,1459],{"class":67},[61,162723,72],{"class":71},[61,162725,8928],{"class":105},[61,162727,109],{"class":75},[61,162729,64135],{"class":129},[61,162731,109],{"class":75},[61,162733,16680],{"class":112},[61,162735,83],{"class":75},[61,162737,3644],{"class":112},[61,162739,154],{"class":75},[61,162741,162742,162744,162746,162748],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,162743,130],{"class":129},[61,162745,109],{"class":75},[61,162747,1501],{"class":112},[61,162749,116],{"class":75},[408,162751,162753],{"id":162752},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[52,162755,162757],{"className":54,"code":162756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[18,162758,162759,162779,162799,162803,162828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162760,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162762,80404],{"class":67},[61,162764,72],{"class":71},[61,162766,76],{"class":75},[61,162768,430],{"class":79},[61,162770,83],{"class":75},[61,162772,435],{"class":79},[61,162774,83],{"class":75},[61,162776,440],{"class":79},[61,162778,94],{"class":75},[61,162780,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162782,80425],{"class":67},[61,162784,72],{"class":71},[61,162786,76],{"class":75},[61,162788,430],{"class":79},[61,162790,83],{"class":75},[61,162792,845],{"class":79},[61,162794,83],{"class":75},[61,162796,440],{"class":79},[61,162798,94],{"class":75},[61,162800,162801],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,162802,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,162804,162805,162807,162809,162811,162814,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,162806,5717],{"class":3634},[61,162808,56646],{"class":67},[61,162810,83],{"class":75},[61,162812,162813],{"class":67}," b ",[61,162815,3641],{"class":3634},[61,162817,161157],{"class":129},[61,162819,109],{"class":75},[61,162821,111494],{"class":112},[61,162823,83],{"class":75},[61,162825,80468],{"class":112},[61,162827,8099],{"class":75},[61,162829,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,162831,7827],{"class":129},[61,162833,109],{"class":75},[61,162835,2313],{"class":112},[61,162837,4450],{"class":71},[61,162839,2318],{"class":112},[61,162841,116],{"class":75},[14,162843,157],{},[52,162845,162847],{"className":54,"code":162846,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,162848,162849,162853,162857],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162850,162851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162852,3738],{"class":3609},[61,162854,162855],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162856,3799],{"class":3609},[61,162858,162859],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,162860,3738],{"class":3609},[408,162862,162864],{"id":162863},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[52,162866,162868],{"className":54,"code":162867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[18,162869,162870,162905,162928,162932,162959],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162871,162872,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162892,162894,162896,162898,162901,162903],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162873,162874],{"class":67},"products ",[61,162876,72],{"class":71},[61,162878,76],{"class":75},[61,162880,816],{"class":190},[61,162882,24898],{"class":194},[61,162884,816],{"class":190},[61,162886,83],{"class":75},[61,162888,522],{"class":190},[61,162890,162891],{"class":194},"Pen",[61,162893,816],{"class":190},[61,162895,83],{"class":75},[61,162897,522],{"class":190},[61,162899,162900],{"class":194},"Bag",[61,162902,816],{"class":190},[61,162904,94],{"class":75},[61,162906,162907,162909,162911,162913,162916,162918,162921,162923,162926],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,162908,82793],{"class":67},[61,162910,72],{"class":71},[61,162912,76],{"class":75},[61,162914,162915],{"class":79},"12.5",[61,162917,83],{"class":75},[61,162919,162920],{"class":79}," 1.2",[61,162922,83],{"class":75},[61,162924,162925],{"class":79}," 25.0",[61,162927,94],{"class":75},[61,162929,162930],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,162931,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,162933,162934,162936,162938,162940,162943,162945,162947,162949,162952,162954,162957],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,162935,5717],{"class":3634},[61,162937,24959],{"class":67},[61,162939,83],{"class":75},[61,162941,162942],{"class":67}," price ",[61,162944,3641],{"class":3634},[61,162946,161157],{"class":129},[61,162948,109],{"class":75},[61,162950,162951],{"class":112},"products",[61,162953,83],{"class":75},[61,162955,162956],{"class":112}," prices",[61,162958,8099],{"class":75},[61,162960,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,162962,7827],{"class":129},[61,162964,109],{"class":75},[61,162966,22051],{"class":186},[61,162968,816],{"class":194},[61,162970,9033],{"class":79},[61,162972,26765],{"class":112},[61,162974,22060],{"class":79},[61,162976,162977],{"class":194}," costs $",[61,162979,9033],{"class":79},[61,162981,24907],{"class":112},[61,162983,22060],{"class":79},[61,162985,816],{"class":194},[61,162987,116],{"class":75},[14,162989,36358,162990,244],{},[235,162991,162993],{"href":162992},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[47,162995,162997,162998],{"id":162996},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[18,162999,64065],{},[408,163001,8211,163003,163005],{"id":163002},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[18,163004,64065],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163007,163008,163010],{},[18,163009,64065],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163012,163013],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[52,163015,163017],{"className":54,"code":163016,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[18,163018,163019],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163020,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163022,130],{"class":129},[61,163024,109],{"class":75},[61,163026,10914],{"class":129},[61,163028,109],{"class":75},[61,163030,111494],{"class":112},[61,163032,1045],{"class":75},[61,163034,38142],{"class":129},[61,163036,109],{"class":75},[61,163038,80691],{"class":112},[61,163040,154],{"class":75},[408,163042,163044],{"id":163043},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163046,68582],{},[52,163048,163050],{"className":54,"code":163049,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[18,163051,163052,163088,163092,163105,163115,163119,163131],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163053,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163055,8972],{"class":67},[61,163057,72],{"class":71},[61,163059,161157],{"class":129},[61,163061,1126],{"class":75},[61,163063,80],{"class":79},[61,163065,83],{"class":75},[61,163067,86],{"class":79},[61,163069,17819],{"class":75},[61,163071,76],{"class":75},[61,163073,816],{"class":190},[61,163075,235],{"class":194},[61,163077,816],{"class":190},[61,163079,83],{"class":75},[61,163081,522],{"class":190},[61,163083,1480],{"class":194},[61,163085,816],{"class":190},[61,163087,1137],{"class":75},[61,163089,163090],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163091,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,163093,163094,163096,163098,163100,163103],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,163095,5717],{"class":3634},[61,163097,5720],{"class":67},[61,163099,3641],{"class":3634},[61,163101,163102],{"class":67}," pairs",[61,163104,6152],{"class":75},[61,163106,163107,163109,163111,163113],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,163108,7827],{"class":129},[61,163110,109],{"class":75},[61,163112,23068],{"class":112},[61,163114,116],{"class":75},[61,163116,163117],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,163118,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,163120,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129],{"class":63,"line":3158},[61,163122,5717],{"class":3634},[61,163124,5720],{"class":67},[61,163126,3641],{"class":3634},[61,163128,163102],{"class":67},[61,163130,6152],{"class":75},[61,163132,163133,163135,163137,163139],{"class":63,"line":6174},[61,163134,7827],{"class":129},[61,163136,109],{"class":75},[61,163138,23068],{"class":112},[61,163140,116],{"class":75},[14,163142,163143],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[408,163145,163147],{"id":163146},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163149,163150],{},"This is correct:",[52,163152,163154],{"className":54,"code":163153,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,163155,163156,163180,163196,163200,163224],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163157,163158,163160,163162,163164,163166,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176,163178],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163159,4757],{"class":67},[61,163161,72],{"class":71},[61,163163,76],{"class":75},[61,163165,816],{"class":190},[61,163167,829],{"class":194},[61,163169,816],{"class":190},[61,163171,83],{"class":75},[61,163173,522],{"class":190},[61,163175,35697],{"class":194},[61,163177,816],{"class":190},[61,163179,94],{"class":75},[61,163181,163182,163184,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163183,4826],{"class":67},[61,163185,72],{"class":71},[61,163187,76],{"class":75},[61,163189,13257],{"class":79},[61,163191,83],{"class":75},[61,163193,13262],{"class":79},[61,163195,94],{"class":75},[61,163197,163198],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,163199,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,163201,163202,163204,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,163203,5717],{"class":3634},[61,163205,35748],{"class":67},[61,163207,83],{"class":75},[61,163209,4868],{"class":67},[61,163211,3641],{"class":3634},[61,163213,161157],{"class":129},[61,163215,109],{"class":75},[61,163217,4801],{"class":112},[61,163219,83],{"class":75},[61,163221,4873],{"class":112},[61,163223,8099],{"class":75},[61,163225,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236],{"class":63,"line":140},[61,163227,7827],{"class":129},[61,163229,109],{"class":75},[61,163231,819],{"class":112},[61,163233,83],{"class":75},[61,163235,130602],{"class":112},[61,163237,116],{"class":75},[14,163239,163240],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[52,163242,163244],{"className":54,"code":163243,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[18,163245,163246,163266],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163247,163248,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163249,5717],{"class":3634},[61,163251,5720],{"class":67},[61,163253,3641],{"class":3634},[61,163255,161157],{"class":129},[61,163257,109],{"class":75},[61,163259,4801],{"class":112},[61,163261,83],{"class":75},[61,163263,4873],{"class":112},[61,163265,8099],{"class":75},[61,163267,163268,163270,163272,163274],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163269,7827],{"class":129},[61,163271,109],{"class":75},[61,163273,23068],{"class":112},[61,163275,116],{"class":75},[14,163277,157],{},[52,163279,163281],{"className":54,"code":163280,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[18,163282,163283,163299],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163284,163285,163287,163289,163291,163293,163295,163297],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163286,109],{"class":75},[61,163288,198],{"class":190},[61,163290,829],{"class":194},[61,163292,198],{"class":190},[61,163294,83],{"class":75},[61,163296,19654],{"class":79},[61,163298,116],{"class":75},[61,163300,163301,163303,163305,163307,163309,163311,163313],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163302,109],{"class":75},[61,163304,198],{"class":190},[61,163306,35697],{"class":194},[61,163308,198],{"class":190},[61,163310,83],{"class":75},[61,163312,13262],{"class":79},[61,163314,116],{"class":75},[14,163316,163317],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[408,163319,8175,163321,163323,163324],{"id":163320},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[18,163322,64065],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[18,163325,35505],{},[14,163327,204,163328,163330],{},[18,163329,64065],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163332,204,163333,163335],{},[18,163334,35505],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[52,163337,163338],{"className":54,"code":35674,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,163339,163340,163372,163376,163396],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163341,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350,163352,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368,163370],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163343,4757],{"class":67},[61,163345,72],{"class":71},[61,163347,76],{"class":75},[61,163349,816],{"class":190},[61,163351,829],{"class":194},[61,163353,816],{"class":190},[61,163355,83],{"class":75},[61,163357,522],{"class":190},[61,163359,35697],{"class":194},[61,163361,816],{"class":190},[61,163363,83],{"class":75},[61,163365,522],{"class":190},[61,163367,35706],{"class":194},[61,163369,816],{"class":190},[61,163371,94],{"class":75},[61,163373,163374],{"class":63,"line":97},[61,163375,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[61,163377,163378,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394],{"class":63,"line":119},[61,163379,5717],{"class":3634},[61,163381,35577],{"class":67},[61,163383,83],{"class":75},[61,163385,35725],{"class":67},[61,163387,3641],{"class":3634},[61,163389,35587],{"class":129},[61,163391,109],{"class":75},[61,163393,4801],{"class":112},[61,163395,8099],{"class":75},[61,163397,163398,163400,163402,163404,163406,163408],{"class":63,"line":126},[61,163399,7827],{"class":129},[61,163401,109],{"class":75},[61,163403,35602],{"class":112},[61,163405,83],{"class":75},[61,163407,35748],{"class":112},[61,163409,116],{"class":75},[14,163411,163412,163413,244],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[235,163414,3332,163415,3265],{"href":91768},[18,163416,35505],{},[47,163418,1620],{"id":1619},[408,163420,4905,163422,4908],{"id":163421},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[18,163423,64065],{},[14,163425,163426],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[408,163428,12459,163430,163432],{"id":163429},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[18,163431,64065],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163434,163435],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[408,163437,163439,163440,2251],{"id":163438},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[18,163441,64065],{},[14,163443,163444,163445,244],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[18,163446,162052],{},[408,163448,163450,163451,2251],{"id":163449},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[18,163452,64065],{},[14,163454,127967,163455,163457],{},[18,163456,162205],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[408,163459,163461],{"id":163460},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163463,163464],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[47,163466,1664],{"id":1663},[26,163468,163469,163474,163480,163484,163488],{},[29,163470,163471],{},[235,163472,163473],{"href":162992},"How to use zip in Python",[29,163475,163476],{},[235,163477,3332,163478,3265],{"href":91768},[18,163479,35505],{},[29,163481,163482],{},[235,163483,4980],{"href":5345},[29,163485,163486],{},[235,163487,69435],{"href":69358},[29,163489,163490],{},[235,163491,32016],{"href":30841},[1693,163493,163494],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":97,"depth":97,"links":163496},[163497,163498,163500,163501,163502,163503,163511,163517,163526,163537],{"id":49,"depth":97,"text":50},{"id":161216,"depth":97,"text":163499},"What zip() does",{"id":247,"depth":97,"text":248},{"id":161609,"depth":97,"text":161610},{"id":161786,"depth":97,"text":161787},{"id":162038,"depth":97,"text":163504,"children":163505},"Converting zip() output",[163506,163508,163510],{"id":162049,"depth":119,"text":163507},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162202,"depth":119,"text":163509},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162372,"depth":119,"text":162373},{"id":40801,"depth":97,"text":40802,"children":163512},[163513,163514,163515,163516],{"id":162534,"depth":119,"text":162535},{"id":162651,"depth":119,"text":162652},{"id":162752,"depth":119,"text":162753},{"id":162863,"depth":119,"text":162864},{"id":162996,"depth":97,"text":163518,"children":163519},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163520,163522,163523,163524],{"id":163002,"depth":119,"text":163521},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163043,"depth":119,"text":163044},{"id":163146,"depth":119,"text":163147},{"id":163320,"depth":119,"text":163525},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1619,"depth":97,"text":1620,"children":163527},[163528,163530,163532,163534,163536],{"id":163421,"depth":119,"text":163529},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163429,"depth":119,"text":163531},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163438,"depth":119,"text":163533},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163449,"depth":119,"text":163535},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163460,"depth":119,"text":163461},{"id":1663,"depth":97,"text":1664},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161058,"description":163538},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945142708]